{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L084","title":"Lesson 84","stage":"Reading Japan","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 84: japan's textile raw materials · dialogue 1 of 4, sources of wool and cotton · dialogue 2 of 4, synthetic fibres and exports · dialogue 3 of 4, wool exports to north america · dialogue 4 of 4, saying something is acceptable · perception drill, drawing conclusions from facts · perception drill, saying something is unnecessary · pattern 1 1 of 3, relaxing requirements and deadlines · pattern 1 2 of 3, asking whether something is required · pattern 1 3 of 3, confirming what facts imply · pattern 2 1 of 3, drawing conclusions about study · pattern 2 2 of 3, comparing study and learning · pattern 2 3 of 3, textile exports and synthetic fibres · reading selection 1 of 3, cotton, wool and synthetic production · reading selection 3 of 3, japan's textile industry · questions, fabrics and textile materials · word list 1 of 3, cotton imports and costs · word list 2 of 3, synthetic fibres and destinations · word list 3 of 3.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/82","lines":146},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/81","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/83","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Japan's textile raw materials · Dialogue 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Textiles centered on Osaka","paragraphs":["*日本では むかしから 織物業が さかんですね* means \"The textile industry has been flourishing since the olden days, hasn't it?\"","The reply says that the industry flourishes especially around Osaka."]},{"title":"Imported raw materials","paragraphs":["*織物の 原料は 日本に ありますか* asks whether Japan has raw materials for textiles.","Only raw silk is domestic. Almost all wool and cotton must be imported."]},{"title":"Kanji: 織 to 羊","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 毛","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L084.dlg.001","source":"日本では むかしから 織物業が さかんですね。","translation":"The textile industry has been flourishing since the olden days, hasn’t it?","reading":"にほんではむかしからおりものぎょうがさかんですね。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むかし","gloss":"olden days"},{"text":"から","gloss":"since"},{"text":"織物","gloss":"textile industry","reading":"おりもの"},{"text":"業","gloss":"textile industry","reading":"ぎょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"さかん","gloss":"flourishing"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L084.dlg.002","source":"ええ、ことに 大阪を 中心にね。","translation":"Yes, especially around Osaka.","reading":"ええ、ことにおおさかをちゅうしんにね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"especially"},{"text":"に","gloss":"especially"},{"text":"大阪","gloss":"Osaka","reading":"おおさか"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"中心","gloss":"center","reading":"ちゅうしん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"around"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L084.dlg.003","source":"日本で さかんなのは 綿織物だけですか。","translation":"Is it only cotton textile industry that flourishes in Japan?","reading":"にほんでさかんなのはめんおりものだけですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"さかん","gloss":"flourishing"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"綿","gloss":"cotton fabric","reading":"めん"},{"text":"織物","gloss":"cotton fabric","reading":"おりもの"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L084.dlg.004","source":"いぜんには そうだったんですが、今では そうでは ありません。","translation":"It was so before, but it isn’t so now.","reading":"いぜんにはそうだったんですが、いまではそうではありません。","words":[{"text":"いぜん","gloss":"before"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"だっ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is not"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"is not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"is not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L084.dlg.005","source":"織物の 原料は 日本に ありますか。","translation":"Does Japan have raw materials for textiles?","reading":"おりもののげんりょうはにほんにありますか。","words":[{"text":"織物","gloss":"textiles","reading":"おりもの"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"原料","gloss":"raw materials","reading":"げんりょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"has"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"has"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L084.dlg.006","source":"ないですね。国産は 生糸だけで、毛糸の 原料である 羊毛、綿糸の 原料である 綿は ほとんど 皆 輸入せねばならないのです。","translation":"No, she doesn’t. Only raw silk is the domestic product and wool which is the raw material for woolen yarn, and raw cotton which is the raw material for cotton thread practically all have to be imported.","reading":"ないですね。こくさんはきいとだけで、けいとのげんりょうであるようもう、めんしのげんりょうであるわたはほとんどみなゆにゅうせねばならないのです。","words":[{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right"},{"text":"国産","gloss":"domestic product","reading":"こくさん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"生糸","gloss":"raw silk","reading":"きいと"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"毛糸","gloss":"wool yarn","reading":"けいと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"原料","gloss":"raw material","reading":"げんりょう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"is"},{"text":"羊毛、","gloss":"wool","reading":"ようもう"},{"text":"綿糸","gloss":"cotton yarn","reading":"めんし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"原料","gloss":"raw material","reading":"げんりょう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"is"},{"text":"綿","gloss":"raw cotton","reading":"わた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ほとんど","gloss":"almost"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"import","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"せ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ね","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"---TEMO SASHITSUKAE NAI. Following the TE-form of verbs and i-adjectives both negative and affirmative, MO SASHITSUKAE NAI means ”it’s all right even though you do such-and-such\", or ”it’s all right even though it is ---- \", or \"you may do such-and such.\" Examples: NANI KA TABETE MO SASHITSUKAE NAI. \"It’s all right even if you eat something\", or \"You may eat something.\" MOO KAETTE MO SASHITSUKAE NAI. \"It’s all right even if you go home now\", or \"You may go home now.\" FURUKUTE MO SASHITSUKAE NAI. \"It’s all right even though it’s old.\" HAYAKU IKANAKUTE MO SASHITSUKAE NAI. \"It’s all right even if you don’t go early.\"\n\nKUSURI O NOMANAKUTE MO SASHITSUKAE NAI. \"It’s all right even if you don’t take the medicine.\""},{"section":2,"text":"WAKE NI NARU WAKE NI NARU is synonymous with WAKE DESU. Following the basic form of verbs both in the past and non-past and i-adjectives usually followed by TO IU, WAKE NI NARU expresses the meaning of \"It boils down to the fact that ---\", \"the fact of the matter is ---.\" Examples: SEISAN GA ZOOKASURU WAKE NI NARIMASU. \"It boils down to the fact that the production increases.\" ICHINICHI NI HACHI-JIKAN BENKYOO SURU WAKE NI NARU. \"It boils down to the fact that I study eight hours a day.\"\n\nKIMI WA SAKUBAN BENKYOO SHINAKATTA WAKE NI NARU. ”It boils down to the fact that you didn’t study last night.” KORE WA SEITO NIWA MUZUKASHII WAKE NI NARU NE. ”It boils down to the fact that this is difficult for the students.”"},{"section":3,"text":"---MUKE MUKE is a noun form of the verb MUKERU meaning ”to direct”. MUKE following place nouns means “headed for” or “bound for.” For example: BEIKOKU MUKE “bound for the U. S.” GAIKOKU MUKE “headed for foreign countries,” NIHON MUKE “bound for Japan.”"}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"むかし","gloss":"ancient, old"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"織物","gloss":"fabric"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"綿","gloss":"cotton"},{"word":"だけ","gloss":"only, just (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いぜん","gloss":"before"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"原料","gloss":"raw material"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"国産","gloss":"domestically produced; domestic product"},{"word":"生糸","gloss":"raw silk"},{"word":"毛糸","gloss":"wool yarn"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"羊毛、","gloss":"wool (sheep’s)"},{"word":"綿糸","gloss":"cotton yarn"},{"word":"ほとんど","gloss":"almost (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Sources of wool and cotton · Dialogue 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Sheep and cotton in Japan","paragraphs":["*日本でも 羊を かっていますね* says that sheep are also raised in Japan.","Their number is insignificant as a source of wool. Cotton was once grown in Japan, but now it is entirely imported."]},{"title":"Permission in one reply","paragraphs":["*主として 食用と 言っても さしつかえない くらいです* says that one may describe the sheep as mainly for food.","In *言っても さしつかえない*, the speaker says that making this statement is acceptable. Wool and cotton chiefly come from the countries named next."]},{"title":"Kanji: 花","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L084.dlg.007","source":"日本でも 羊を かっていますね。","translation":"They raise sheep in Japan, too, don’t they?","reading":"にほんでもひつじをかっていますね。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"羊","gloss":"sheep","reading":"ひつじ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かっ","gloss":"raise"},{"text":"て","gloss":"raise"},{"text":"い","gloss":"raise"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"raise"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L084.dlg.008","source":"かっていますが、羊毛を とる ためのもの としては 問題に ならないほど 少いですね。主として 食用と 言っても さしつかえない くらいです。","translation":"They raise them, but as a coiurse of getting wool they are unquestionably few. You may even say that they are mainly for food.","reading":"かっていますが、ようもうをとるためのものとしてはもんだいにならないほどすくないですね。しゅとしてしょくようといってもさしつかえないくらいです。","words":[{"text":"かっ","gloss":"raise"},{"text":"て","gloss":"raise"},{"text":"い","gloss":"raise"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"raise"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"羊毛","gloss":"wool","reading":"ようもう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"とる","gloss":"get"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"purpose"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"as"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"問題","gloss":"question","reading":"もんだい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"extent"},{"text":"少い","gloss":"few","reading":"すくない"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"主","gloss":"mainly","reading":"しゅ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"mainly"},{"text":"し","gloss":"mainly"},{"text":"て","gloss":"mainly"},{"text":"食用","gloss":"food","reading":"しょくよう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"no problem"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"no problem"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"extent"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L084.dlg.009","source":"綿花は どうですか。","translation":"What about raw cotton?","reading":"めんかはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"綿花","gloss":"raw cotton","reading":"めんか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L084.dlg.010","source":"むかしは 綿も 作っていたんですが、今日では 作っていませんね。百パーセント 輸入です。","translation":";in olden days they used to growcotton, but today they don’t. It is imported 100%.","reading":"むかしはわたもつくっていたんですが、こんにちではつくっていませんね。ひゃくパーセントゆにゅうです。","words":[{"text":"むかし","gloss":"olden days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"綿","gloss":"cotton","reading":"わた"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"作っ","gloss":"used to grow","reading":"つくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"used to grow"},{"text":"い","gloss":"used to grow"},{"text":"た","gloss":"used to grow"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"こんにち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"作っ","gloss":"do not grow","reading":"つくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"do not grow"},{"text":"い","gloss":"do not grow"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"do not grow"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"do not grow"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"百","gloss":"hundred","reading":"ひゃく"},{"text":"パーセント","gloss":"percent"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"imported","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L084.dlg.011","source":"羊毛や 綿花は どこから輸入するのですか。","translation":"Where do they import wool and raw cotton from?","reading":"ようもうやめんかはどこからゆにゅうするのですか。","words":[{"text":"羊毛","gloss":"wool","reading":"ようもう"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"綿花","gloss":"raw cotton","reading":"めんか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"import","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L084.dlg.012","source":"羊毛は オーストラリアと ニュージーランド、綿花は 米国と メキシコから 主に 来ます。","translation":"Wool mainly comes from Australia and New Zealand, and raw cotton from the United States and Mexico.","reading":"ようもうはオーストラリアとニュージーランド、めんかはべいこくとメキシコからおもにきます。","words":[{"text":"羊毛","gloss":"wool","reading":"ようもう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"オーストラリア","gloss":"Australia"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ニュージーランド、","gloss":"New Zealand"},{"text":"綿花","gloss":"raw cotton","reading":"めんか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"メキシコ","gloss":"Mexico"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"主に","gloss":"mainly","reading":"おもに"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"come"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"羊毛","gloss":"wool (sheep’s)"},{"word":"とる","gloss":"to take (v.t.)"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"ほど","gloss":"to the extent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"食用","gloss":"for food, for the table"},{"word":"さしつかえ","gloss":"hindrance, engagement"},{"word":"くらい","gloss":"dark"},{"word":"綿花","gloss":"raw cotton"},{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"百","gloss":"100"},{"word":"パーセント","gloss":"percent"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"メキシコ","gloss":"Mexico"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Synthetic fibres and exports · Dialogue 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"The cost of imported wool","paragraphs":["*原料としては 高く つきますからね* says that wool from Argentina costs too much as a raw material.","The distance and inconvenience lead the speakers to discuss synthetic fibres."]},{"title":"A conclusion from the cost","paragraphs":["*それでは、人けん、スフなどの かがくせんいの 生産が ぞうかする 訳になりますね* concludes that production of rayon and other synthetic fibres increases.","Here *訳になりますね* presents what the preceding facts amount to. The reply adds that exports are also increasing."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L084.dlg.013","source":"羊毛は アルゼンチンからは 買っていないのですか。","translation":"Don’t they buy wool from Argentina?","reading":"ようもうはアルゼンチンからはかっていないのですか。","words":[{"text":"羊毛","gloss":"wool","reading":"ようもう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"アルゼンチン","gloss":"Argentina"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"do not buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"do not buy"},{"text":"い","gloss":"do not buy"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"do not buy"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L084.dlg.014","source":"輸入していますが、遠くは あるし、つごうが 悪いんですよ。原料としては 高く つきますからね。","translation":"They do import, but it is far and it is inconvenient. It costs too much as a raw materia","reading":"ゆにゅうしていますが、とおくはあるし、つごうがわるいんですよ。げんりょうとしてはたかくつきますからね。","words":[{"text":"輸入","gloss":"import","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"い","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"遠く","gloss":"far away","reading":"とおく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"is"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"つごう","gloss":"convenience"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"原料","gloss":"raw material","reading":"げんりょう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"serve"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"高く","gloss":"expensively","reading":"たかく"},{"text":"つき","gloss":"cost"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L084.dlg.015","source":"それでは、人けん、スフなどの かがくせんいの 生産が ぞうかする 訳になりますね。","translation":"The.n, it boils down to the fact that the production of chemical fibers such as rayon, rayon staple, and others increases, doesn’t it?","reading":"それでは、じんけん、スフなどのかがくせんいのせいさんがぞうかするわけになりますね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"人","gloss":"rayon","reading":"じん"},{"text":"けん、","gloss":"rayon"},{"text":"スフ","gloss":"rayon staple"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"かがく","gloss":"chemical fiber"},{"text":"せんい","gloss":"chemical fiber"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生産","gloss":"production","reading":"せいさん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ぞう","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"か","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"result","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L084.dlg.016","source":"そうです。近年、その方めんで ずい分 発てんしていますね。","translation":"That’s right. They have developed a great deal in that field in recent years.","reading":"そうです。きんねん、そのほうめんでずいぶんはってんしていますね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"近年、","gloss":"recent years","reading":"きんねん"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"field","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"めん","gloss":"field"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"greatly","reading":"ずいぶん"},{"text":"発てん","gloss":"develop","reading":"はってん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"い","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L084.dlg.017","source":"ナイロン、ポリエステル なども 日本で 出来ますか。","translation":"Are nylon, polyester, and others produced in Japan?","reading":"ナイロン、ポリエステルなどもにほんでできますか。","words":[{"text":"ナイロン、","gloss":"nylon"},{"text":"ポリエステル","gloss":"polyester"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほんで"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"produced","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L084.dlg.018","source":"出来ます。輸出も ぞうかしています。","translation":"Yes, they are. Export also is increasing.","reading":"できます。ゆしゅつもぞうかしています。","words":[{"text":"出来","gloss":"produced","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"輸出","gloss":"exports","reading":"ゆしゅつ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ぞう","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"か","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"い","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"遠く","gloss":"distant (place)"},{"word":"つごう","gloss":"convenience"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"けん、","gloss":"numerical counter for houses (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"スフ","gloss":"staple fiber, rayon staple"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"生産","gloss":"production"},{"word":"近年、","gloss":"recent years"},{"word":"ずい分","gloss":"very much"},{"word":"ナイロン、","gloss":"nylon"},{"word":"ポリエステル","gloss":"polyester"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Wool exports to North America · Dialogue 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Goods destined for North America","paragraphs":["*北米むけだけでも、七千万ドルを こえています* says that exports to North America alone exceed seventy million dollars.","*むけ* is a noun form of *MUKERU*, \"to direct.\" After a place noun, it means \"headed for\" or \"bound for.\"","In this line, *北米むけ* means \"to North America.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L084.dlg.019","source":"毛織物の よいのも、日本で 出来る そうですね。","translation":"I understand good quality woolen fabrics are also produced in japan.","reading":"けおりもののよいのも、にほんでできるそうですね。","words":[{"text":"毛","gloss":"woolen fabric","reading":"け"},{"text":"織物","gloss":"woolen fabric","reading":"おりもの"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"also"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほんで"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"produced","reading":"きる"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L084.dlg.020","source":"ええ、それで 輸出も ぞうかし、北米むけだけでも、七千万ドルを こえています。","translation":"Yes. And export also has increased and the export to North America alone exceeds 70 million dollars.","reading":"ええ、それでゆしゅつもぞうかし、ほくべいむけだけでも、ななせんまんドルをこえています。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"輸出","gloss":"exports","reading":"ゆしゅつ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ぞう","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"かし、","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"北米","gloss":"North America","reading":"ほくべい"},{"text":"むけ","gloss":"bound for"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"alone"},{"text":"で","gloss":"even"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"even"},{"text":"七千","gloss":"seventy million","reading":"ななせん"},{"text":"万","gloss":"seventy million","reading":"まん"},{"text":"ドル","gloss":"dollars"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"こえ","gloss":"exceed"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"い","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L084.dlg.021","source":"その事で、米国でも 少し さわいで いますよ。","translation":"Even in the United States, they are a little alarmed concerning that.","reading":"そのことで、べいこくでもすこしさわいでいますよ。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"事","gloss":"matter","reading":"こと"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"about"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"さわい","gloss":"are alarmed"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"い","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.dlg.021.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L084.dlg.022","source":"そうらしいですね。","translation":"That’s what I hear.","reading":"そうらしいですね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.dlg.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"出来る","gloss":"to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)"},{"word":"北米","gloss":"North America"},{"word":"七千","gloss":"7,000"},{"word":"ドル","gloss":"dollar"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying something is acceptable · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"An action is acceptable","paragraphs":["*外へ 出ても さしつかえない* means \"You may go out.\"","After an affirmative or negative verb TE-form, *も さしつかえない* means \"it is all right even if\" or \"you may.\""]},{"title":"Actions and conditions","paragraphs":["*もう 飲まなくても さしつかえありません* means \"It is all right even if you do not take any more medicine.\"","*少しぐらい 高くても さしつかえない* means \"It is all right even if it is a little more expensive.\" The expression also follows an I-adjective TE-form."]}],"lines":[{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L084.gp1.01","source":"もう 帰っても さしつかえない。","translation":"It’s all right even if you go home. (You may go home.)","reading":"もうかえってもさしつかえない。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"now"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"go home","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"hindrance"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L084.gp1.02","source":"奥さんの 御病気は いかがですか。","translation":"How is yoxxr wife’s illness?","reading":"おくさんのごびょうきはいかがですか。","words":[{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"御","gloss":"illness","reading":"ご"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いかが","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L084.gp1.03","source":"ありがとう御ざいます。おかげさまで 元気になって、もう 何を 食べても さしつかえない と お医者も 言っておられました。","translation":"Thank you very much, but she has regained her health and the doctor was saying that she may eat anything now,","reading":"ありがとうございます。おかげさまでげんきになって、もうなにをたべてもさしつかえないとおいしゃもいっておられました。","words":[{"text":"ありがとう","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"御","gloss":"thank you","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"い","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"おかげ","gloss":"thanks to you"},{"text":"さま","gloss":"thanks to you"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"元気","gloss":"healthy","reading":"げんき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"now"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"hindrance"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"お","gloss":"doctor"},{"text":"医者","gloss":"doctor","reading":"いしゃ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"おら","gloss":"be"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"honored"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L084.gp1.04","source":"先生、試験を すませたら、外へ 出ても いいですか。","translation":"Teacher, may we go out when we finish the examination?","reading":"せんせい、しけんをすませたら、そとへでてもいいですか。","words":[{"text":"先生、","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"試験","gloss":"examination","reading":"しけん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"すま","gloss":"finish"},{"text":"せ","gloss":"finish"},{"text":"たら、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"外","gloss":"outside","reading":"そと"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"出","gloss":"go out","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L084.gp1.05","source":"うん、外へ 出ても さしつかえないが、静かに するんだよ。","translation":"Yes, you may go out, but you had better be quiet,","reading":"うん、そとへでてもさしつかえないが、しずかにするんだよ。","words":[{"text":"うん、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"外","gloss":"outside","reading":"そと"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"出","gloss":"go out","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"hindrance"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"静か","gloss":"quiet","reading":"しずか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L084.gp1.06","source":"今晩 私も 行かなくては いけないのですか。","translation":"Do I have to go, too, tonight?","reading":"こんばんわたくしもいかなくてはいけないのですか。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"acceptable"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L084.gp1.07","source":"いいえ、私が 行きますから、あなたは 行かなくても さしつかえありません。","translation":"No, since I am going, it’s all right even though you don’t go.","reading":"いいえ、わたくしがいきますから、あなたはいかなくてもさしつかえありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"hindrance"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L084.gp1.08","source":"今 あいにく 安いのは 売り切れました。少し 高いですが、これは いかがですか。","translation":"Unfortunately, the cheaper ones are sold out now. Though they are more expensive, how about these?","reading":"いまあいにくやすいのはうりきれました。すこしたかいですが、これはいかがですか。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"あいにく","gloss":"unfortunately"},{"text":"安い","gloss":"cheap","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"売り切れ","gloss":"sold out","reading":"うりきれ"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いかが","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L084.gp1.09","source":"うん、安いのが なければ 仕方がない。少しぐらい 高くても さしつかえないから、それを もらおう。","translation":"Yes, if you have no more cheaper ones, it can’t be helped. It’s all right even if it is a little more expensive, so I’ll take it,","reading":"うん、やすいのがなければしかたがない。すこしぐらいたかくてもさしつかえないから、それをもらおう。","words":[{"text":"うん、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"安い","gloss":"cheap","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not exist"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"仕方","gloss":"way","reading":"しかた"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not exist"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"高く","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかく"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"hindrance"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もらおう。","gloss":"will take"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L084.gp1.10","source":"先生、まだ くすりを 飲まなければ なりませんか。","translation":"Doctor, do I still have to take medicine?","reading":"せんせい、まだくすりをのまなければなりませんか。","words":[{"text":"先生、","gloss":"doctor","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"くすり","gloss":"medicine"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲ま","gloss":"take","reading":"のま"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L084.gp1.11","source":"いいえ、もう 飲まなくても さしつかえありません。","translation":"No, it’s all right even if you don’t take anymore medicine.","reading":"いいえ、もうのまなくてもさしつかえありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"anymore"},{"text":"飲ま","gloss":"take","reading":"のま"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"hindrance"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.gp1.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"医者","gloss":"medical doctor"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"うん、","gloss":"Yes, all right."},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"いけ","gloss":"pond, dam, reservoir"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"あいにく","gloss":"unfortunately"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"くすり","gloss":"medicine"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Drawing conclusions from facts · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"What the facts amount to","paragraphs":["*田村さんの 時計が おくれていた と言う 訳になりますね* means \"The fact of the matter was that Mr. Tamura's watch was slow.\"","*訳になります* means \"it boils down to the fact that\" or \"the fact of the matter is.\" It has the same meaning as *WAKE DESU*."]},{"title":"Past and non-past conclusions","paragraphs":["*生産が ぞうかした 訳になります* means \"It boils down to the fact that the production has increased.\"","The past verb precedes *訳になります* here. In *毎日 少くとも 八時間 勉強すると言う 訳になりますね*, the verb is non-past."]}],"lines":[{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L084.gp2.01","source":"生産が ぞうかした 訳になります。","translation":"It boils down to the fact that the production has increased.","reading":"せいさんがぞうかしたわけになります。","words":[{"text":"生産","gloss":"production","reading":"せいさん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ぞう","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"か","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"result","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.gp2.01.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L084.gp2.02","source":"スミスさんは 頭が いいのですが、勉強しないから、よく 出来ません。","translation":"Though Mr. Smith is smart, since he doesn’t study he can’t do well.","reading":"スミスさんはあたまがいいのですが、べんきょうしないから、よくできません。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"頭","gloss":"smart","reading":"あたま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can do","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.gp2.02.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L084.gp2.03","source":"いくら 頭が よくても 勉強しなければ だめ と言う 訳になりますね。","translation":"It boils down to the fact that no matter how smart one may be, if he doesn’t study he is no good.","reading":"いくらあたまがよくてもべんきょうしなければだめというわけになりますね。","words":[{"text":"いくら","gloss":"no matter how"},{"text":"頭","gloss":"smart","reading":"あたま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"だめ","gloss":"no good"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"result","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.gp2.03.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L084.gp2.04","source":"この 学校の 生徒は 毎日 少くとも 八時間 勉強すると言う 訳になりますね。","translation":"It boils down to the fact that the students of this school study at least eight hours everyday, doesn’t it?","reading":"このがっこうのせいとはまいにちすくなくともはちじかんべんきょうするというわけになりますね。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"少く","gloss":"at least","reading":"すくなく"},{"text":"とも","gloss":"at least"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight","reading":"はち"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"result","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.gp2.04.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L084.gp2.05","source":"そうですね。学校で 六時間、家で 少くとも 二時間 勉強しなければ なりませんからね。","translation":"That’s right, because they have to study six hours at school and at least two hours at home.","reading":"そうですね。がっこうでろくじかん、いえですくなくともにじかんべんきょうしなければなりませんからね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"時間、","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"少く","gloss":"at least","reading":"すくなく"},{"text":"とも","gloss":"at least"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.gp2.05.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L084.gp2.06","source":"パーカーさんは よく 話せましたが、読むのが 出来ませんでしたね。","translation":"Mr. Parker did well in speaking, but he couldn’t read.","reading":"パーカーさんはよくはなせましたが、よむのができませんでしたね。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"話せ","gloss":"could speak","reading":"はなせ"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"読む","gloss":"read","reading":"よむ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can do","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.gp2.06.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L084.gp2.07","source":"読むのが 出来なかったのは かん字が わからなかった と言う 訳になりますね。","translation":"It boils down to the fact that the reason he couldn’t read was that he didn’t know the Kanji, doesn’t it?","reading":"よむのができなかったのはかんじがわからなかったというわけになりますね。","words":[{"text":"読む","gloss":"read","reading":"よむ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can do","reading":"でき"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"reason"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"わから","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"result","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.gp2.07.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L084.gp2.08","source":"田村さんは 五時の 飛行機に 間に合わなかった そうですね。","translation":"I understand Mr. Tamura couldn’t make the five o’clock plane, isn’t that so?","reading":"たむらさんはごじのひこうきにまにあわなかったそうですね。","words":[{"text":"田村","gloss":"Tamura","reading":"たむら"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"五","gloss":"five","reading":"ご"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"飛行","gloss":"airplane","reading":"ひこう"},{"text":"機","gloss":"airplane","reading":"き"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"間に合わ","gloss":"make it","reading":"まにあわ"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.gp2.08.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L084.gp2.09","source":"田村さんの 時計が おくれていた と言う 訳になりますね。","translation":"The fact of the matter was that Mr. Tamura’s watch was slow.","reading":"たむらさんのとけいがおくれていたというわけになりますね。","words":[{"text":"田村","gloss":"Tamura","reading":"たむら"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"時計","gloss":"watch","reading":"とけい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"おくれ","gloss":"run slow"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"い","gloss":"be"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"result","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.gp2.09.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L084.gp2.10","source":"日本語は これから むずかしくなる一方ですよ。","translation":"Japanese will keep on getting more difficult from now on.","reading":"にほんごはこれからむずかしくなるいっぽうですよ。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"むずかしく","gloss":"more difficult"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.gp2.10.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L084.gp2.11","source":"では、私たちは もっともっと 勉強しなければ ならない と言う 訳になりますね。","translation":"Then, it boils down to the fact that we wxll have to study all the more , doesn’t it?","reading":"では、わたくしたちはもっともっとべんきょうしなければならないというわけになりますね。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"we"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"もっと","gloss":"more"},{"text":"もっと","gloss":"more"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"result","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.gp2.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"頭","gloss":"head, mind"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"いくら","gloss":"how much? how many?"},{"word":"だめ","gloss":"no good, useless,\nhopeless"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"毎日","gloss":"Mainichi Newspaper Co."},{"word":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"時間","gloss":"hour, time"},{"word":"六","gloss":"six"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"もっと","gloss":"more (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying something is unnecessary · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"No need to act","paragraphs":["*君は 今晩 行かなくても さしつかえない* means \"You don't have to go tonight.\"","The *ても さしつかえない* form follows the negative TE-form in this line. *古くても さしつかえない* says that being old does not matter."]}],"lines":[{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.m1","source":"君は 今晩 行かなくても さしつかえない。","translation":"You don't have to go tonight.","reading":"きみはこんばんいかなくてもさしつかえない。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"hindrance"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.01","source":"少しぐらい 間違っても さしつかえない。","translation":"It doesn't matter if you make a few mistakes.","reading":"すこしぐらいまちがってもさしつかえない。","words":[{"text":"少し","gloss":"a few","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"間違っ","gloss":"make a mistake","reading":"まちがっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"hindrance"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.02","source":"明日の朝は 早く おきなくても さしつかえない。","translation":"You don't have to get up early tomorrow morning.","reading":"あしたのあさははやくおきなくてもさしつかえない。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"hindrance"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.03","source":"明日は 土曜日だから、今晩は 勉強しなくても さしつかえない。","translation":"Tomorrow is Saturday, so you don't have to study tonight.","reading":"あしたはどようびだから、こんばんはべんきょうしなくてもさしつかえない。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"どよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"び"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"今晩は","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばんは"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"hindrance"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.04","source":"もう明日から くすりを 飲まなくても さしつかえない。","translation":"Starting tomorrow, you don't have to take the medicine anymore.","reading":"もうあしたからくすりをのまなくてもさしつかえない。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"anymore"},{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"くすり","gloss":"medicine"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲ま","gloss":"take","reading":"のま"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"hindrance"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.05","source":"もう少し 太っても さしつかえない。","translation":"It doesn't matter if you gain a little more weight.","reading":"もうすこしふとってもさしつかえない。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"more"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"太っ","gloss":"gain weight","reading":"ふとっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"hindrance"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.06","source":"古くても さしつかえない。","translation":"It doesn't matter if it is old.","reading":"ふるくてもさしつかえない。","words":[{"text":"古く","gloss":"old","reading":"ふるく"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"hindrance"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.07","source":"少し おそくても さしつかえないから、来なさい。","translation":"It doesn't matter if you're a little late, so come.","reading":"すこしおそくてもさしつかえないから、きなさい。","words":[{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"おそく","gloss":"late"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"hindrance"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"君","gloss":"suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)"},{"word":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"word":"朝","gloss":"morning"},{"word":"おそく","gloss":"late (adverbial form of OSOI, be late, be slow)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Relaxing requirements and deadlines · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A different condition is acceptable","paragraphs":["*新しくなくても さしつかえないから、持って来てください* means \"It doesn't matter if it isn't new, so please bring it.\"","The *ても さしつかえない* form also accepts a delayed arrival in *少しぐらい おそくなっても さしつかえないから、おいでなさい*."]}],"lines":[{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.08","source":"大きくなくても さしつかえありません。","translation":"It doesn't matter if it isn't large.","reading":"おおきくなくてもさしつかえありません。","words":[{"text":"大きく","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"hindrance"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.09","source":"雑誌は 新しくなければ いけませんか。","translation":"Does the magazine have to be new?","reading":"ざっしはあたらしくなければいけませんか。","words":[{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazine","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"新しく","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしく"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"acceptable"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.10","source":"いいえ、新しくなくても さしつかえないから、持って来てください。","translation":"No, it doesn't matter if it isn't new, so please bring it.","reading":"いいえ、あたらしくなくてもさしつかえないから、もってきてください。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"新しく","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしく"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"hindrance"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"bring","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.11","source":"今晩 七時までに 来なければ いけませんか。","translation":"Do I have to come by seven tonight?","reading":"こんばんしちじまでにこなければいけませんか。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"by"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"こ"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"acceptable"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.12","source":"いいえ、少しぐらい おそくなっても さしつかえないから、おいでなさい。","translation":"No, it doesn't matter if you're a little late, so come.","reading":"いいえ、すこしぐらいおそくなってもさしつかえないから、おいでなさい。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"おそく","gloss":"late"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"hindrance"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"お","gloss":"come"},{"text":"いで","gloss":"come"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.13","source":"この言葉も おぼえなくては いけませんか。","translation":"Do I have to learn this word too?","reading":"このことばもおぼえなくてはいけませんか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"言葉","gloss":"word","reading":"ことば"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"acceptable"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.14","source":"その言葉は あまり大切ではないから、おぼえなくても さしつかえない。","translation":"That word isn't very important, so you don't have to learn it.","reading":"そのことばはあまりたいせつではないから、おぼえなくてもさしつかえない。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"言葉","gloss":"word","reading":"ことば"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very"},{"text":"大切","gloss":"important","reading":"たいせつ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"hindrance"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.15","source":"私は まだ したくを していませんから、しばらく 待ってくださいませんか。","translation":"I'm not ready yet, so would you please wait a little while?","reading":"わたくしはまだしたくをしていませんから、しばらくまってくださいませんか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"したく","gloss":"preparations"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"い","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"しばらく","gloss":"a little while"},{"text":"待っ","gloss":"wait","reading":"まっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください","gloss":"please"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ください。","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"したく","gloss":"preparation"},{"word":"しばらく","gloss":"for a while"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking whether something is required · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A requirement and its answer","paragraphs":["*この かん字を おぼえなければなりませんか* asks whether this kanji must be learned.","An answer can use negative *ても さしつかえない*. *かぎを かけなくても さしつかえありません* means that locking the car is unnecessary."]}],"lines":[{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.16","source":"まだ時間は じゅう分ありますから、急がなくても さしつかえありませんよ。","translation":"There is still plenty of time, so you don't have to hurry.","reading":"まだじかんはじゅうぶんありますから、いそがなくてもさしつかえありませんよ。","words":[{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"time","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"じゅう","gloss":"enough"},{"text":"分","gloss":"enough","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"急が","gloss":"hurry","reading":"いそが"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"hindrance"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.17","source":"自動車に かぎを かけましょうか。","translation":"Shall I lock the car?","reading":"じどうしゃにかぎをかけましょうか。","words":[{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かぎ","gloss":"key"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かけ","gloss":"lock"},{"text":"ましょう","gloss":"shall"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.17.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.18","source":"いいえ、大切なものは はいっていないから、かぎを かけなくても さしつかえありません。","translation":"No, there is nothing valuable in it, so you don't have to lock it.","reading":"いいえ、たいせつなものははいっていないから、かぎをかけなくてもさしつかえありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"大切","gloss":"valuable","reading":"たいせつ"},{"text":"な","gloss":"valuable"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"things"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"はいっ","gloss":"inside"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"い","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"かぎ","gloss":"key"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かけ","gloss":"lock"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"hindrance"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.19","source":"この かん字を おぼえなければなりませんか。","translation":"Do I have to learn this kanji?","reading":"このかんじをおぼえなければなりませんか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.20","source":"新しくなければ いけませんか。","translation":"Does it have to be new?","reading":"あたらしくなければいけませんか。","words":[{"text":"新しく","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしく"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.20.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.21","source":"まだ 帰っては いけませんか。","translation":"May I not go home yet?","reading":"まだかえってはいけませんか。","words":[{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"go home","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go home"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.21.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.22","source":"これを 使っても いいですか。","translation":"May I use this?","reading":"これをつかってもいいですか。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"使っ","gloss":"use","reading":"つかっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"use"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.22.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt1.23","source":"今晩 子供を 連れて 行っては いけませんか。","translation":"May I not take my child along tonight?","reading":"こんばんこどもをつれていってはいけませんか。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"連れ","gloss":"take along","reading":"つれ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt1.23.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"分","gloss":"minute"},{"word":"車","gloss":"vehicle, car"},{"word":"ましょう","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Confirming what facts imply · Pattern 2 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Confirming a conclusion","paragraphs":["*君が 悪かった 訳になりますね* means \"That means you were at fault, doesn't it?\"","The *訳になります* form states a conclusion from given facts. The final *ね* asks for agreement with it."]}],"lines":[{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.m1","source":"君が 悪かった 訳になりますね。","translation":"That means you were at fault, doesn't it?","reading":"きみがわるかったわけになりますね。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"悪かっ","gloss":"at fault","reading":"わるかっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.01","source":"私が 間違っていた 訳になりますね。","translation":"That means I was mistaken, doesn't it?","reading":"わたくしがまちがっていたわけになりますね。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"間違っ","gloss":"was mistaken","reading":"まちがっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was mistaken"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was mistaken"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was mistaken"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.02","source":"あなたの 言った 事が 本当だった 訳になりますね。","translation":"That means what you said was true, doesn't it?","reading":"あなたのいったことがほんとうだったわけになりますね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"本当","gloss":"true","reading":"ほんとう"},{"text":"だっ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.03","source":"毎日八時間 勉強する 訳になります。","translation":"That means studying eight hours every day.","reading":"まいにちはちじかんべんきょうするわけになります。","words":[{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight","reading":"はち"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"study"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.04","source":"日本語の はつおんは やさしいと言う 訳になりますね。","translation":"That means Japanese pronunciation is easy, doesn't it?","reading":"にほんごのはつおんはやさしいというわけになりますね。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"pronunciation"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"pronunciation"},{"text":"おん","gloss":"pronunciation"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.05","source":"あの生徒は 勉強しなかった 訳になりますね。","translation":"That means that student didn't study, doesn't it?","reading":"あのせいとはべんきょうしなかったわけになりますね。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.06","source":"子供は 大人より おぼえるのが 早いと言う 訳になります。","translation":"That means children learn faster than adults.","reading":"こどもはおとなよりおぼえるのがはやいというわけになります。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大人","gloss":"adults","reading":"おとな"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"おぼえる","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"早い","gloss":"fast","reading":"はやい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.07","source":"あの生徒は 勉強が 足りないと言う 訳になりますね。","translation":"That means that student doesn't study enough, doesn't it?","reading":"あのせいとはべんきょうがたりないというわけになりますね。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"studying","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"足り","gloss":"enough","reading":"たり"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.07.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.08","source":"この学校では 話すのが 一番 大切だと言う 訳になりますね。","translation":"That means speaking is the most important thing at this school, doesn't it?","reading":"このがっこうでははなすのがいちばんたいせつだというわけになりますね。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"話す","gloss":"speaking","reading":"はなす"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"大切","gloss":"important","reading":"たいせつ"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"word":"より","gloss":"than (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"おぼえる","gloss":"to memorize, remember (v.t.)"},{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Drawing conclusions about study · Pattern 2 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A conclusion from results","paragraphs":["*安物を 買うと だめだと言う 訳になりますね* means \"That means cheap things are no good, doesn't it?\" The conclusion follows the result of cheap shoes wearing out.","The *訳になります* form also concludes how long students study and what one year cannot achieve."]}],"lines":[{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.09","source":"この前 安いくつを 買いましたが、一か月で だめになりました。","translation":"I bought a cheap pair of shoes recently, but they wore out in a month.","reading":"このまえやすいくつをかいましたが、いっかげつでだめになりました。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"前","gloss":"previous time","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"安い","gloss":"cheap","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"か月","gloss":"month","reading":"かげつ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"だめ","gloss":"worn out"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.10","source":"安物を 買うと だめだと言う 訳になりますね。","translation":"That means cheap things are no good, doesn't it?","reading":"やすものをかうとだめだというわけになりますね。","words":[{"text":"安物","gloss":"cheap things","reading":"やすもの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"だめ","gloss":"no good"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.11","source":"この学校の生徒は 毎晩 家で何時間ぐらい 勉強するのですか。","translation":"About how many hours do the students at this school study at home every night?","reading":"このがっこうのせいとはまいばんいえでなんじかんぐらいべんきょうするのですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎晩","gloss":"every night","reading":"まいばん"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"study"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.12","source":"まあ 大抵 二時間から三時間ぐらいですね。","translation":"Well, usually about two or three hours.","reading":"まあたいていにじかんからさんじかんぐらいですね。","words":[{"text":"まあ","gloss":"well"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.12.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.13","source":"では 毎日八時間から九時間ぐらい勉強する訳になりますね。","translation":"Then that means they study about eight or nine hours every day, doesn't it?","reading":"ではまいにちはちじかんからきゅうじかんぐらいべんきょうするわけになりますね。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は","gloss":"then"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight","reading":"はち"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"九","gloss":"nine","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"study"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.13.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.14","source":"この学校の生徒は 一年で、日本の新聞が 読める様になりますか。","translation":"Do the students at this school become able to read Japanese newspapers in one year?","reading":"このがっこうのせいとはいちねんで、にほんのしんぶんがよめるようになりますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"in"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"読める","gloss":"can read","reading":"よめる"},{"text":"様","gloss":"able","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.14.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.15","source":"いいえ、飛んでもない。","translation":"No, certainly not.","reading":"いいえ、とんでもない。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"certainly not","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"certainly not"},{"text":"も","gloss":"certainly not"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"certainly not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.15.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.16","source":"では、日本語は 一年では 習えないと言う訳になりますね。","translation":"Then that means Japanese cannot be learned in one year, doesn't it?","reading":"では、にほんごはいちねんではならえないというわけになりますね。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"習え","gloss":"can learn","reading":"ならえ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.16.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.17","source":"この学校では 読み書きの練習をする時間が どのぐらいありますか。","translation":"How much time is there for practicing reading and writing at this school?","reading":"このがっこうではよみかきのれんしゅうをするじかんがどのぐらいありますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"読み書き","gloss":"reading and writing","reading":"よみかき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"練習","gloss":"practice","reading":"れんしゅう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"time","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"much"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.17.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"前","gloss":"before, front"},{"word":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"買う","gloss":"to buy"},{"word":"まあ","gloss":"Well! Oh, my!"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"九","gloss":"nine"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"どの","gloss":"which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Comparing study and learning · Pattern 2 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A conclusion from comparison","paragraphs":["*若い生徒の方が おぼえるのが早いと言う訳になりますね* means \"That means the younger students learn faster, doesn't it?\"","The conclusion follows the comparison: younger students study less but do better."]}],"lines":[{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.18","source":"大抵 三時間ぐらいですね。","translation":"Usually about three hours.","reading":"たいていさんじかんぐらいですね。","words":[{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.18.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.19","source":"では、この学校では 話すのが一番大切だと言う訳になりますね。","translation":"Then that means speaking is the most important thing at this school, doesn't it?","reading":"では、このがっこうでははなすのがいちばんたいせつだというわけになりますね。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"話す","gloss":"speaking","reading":"はなす"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"大切","gloss":"important","reading":"たいせつ"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.19.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.20","source":"若い生徒は 年よりの生徒の半分も勉強しないが、かえって年よりの生徒よりよく出来ますね。","translation":"The younger students study less than half as much as the older students, but they actually do better than the older students, don't they?","reading":"わかいせいとはとしよりのせいとのはんぶんもべんきょうしないが、かえってとしよりのせいとよりよくできますね。","words":[{"text":"若い","gloss":"young","reading":"わかい"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"年より","gloss":"older","reading":"としより"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"半分","gloss":"half","reading":"はんぶん"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"かえって","gloss":"actually"},{"text":"年より","gloss":"older","reading":"としより"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"do","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.20.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.21","source":"若い生徒の方が おぼえるのが早いと言う訳になりますね。","translation":"That means the younger students learn faster, doesn't it?","reading":"わかいせいとのほうがおぼえるのがはやいというわけになりますね。","words":[{"text":"若い","gloss":"young","reading":"わかい"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"ones","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"おぼえる","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"早い","gloss":"fast","reading":"はやい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.21.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.22","source":"若い生徒は 年よりの生徒ほど 勉強しなくても いい。","translation":"The younger students don't have to study as much as the older students.","reading":"わかいせいとはとしよりのせいとほどべんきょうしなくてもいい。","words":[{"text":"若い","gloss":"young","reading":"わかい"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"年より","gloss":"older","reading":"としより"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい。","gloss":"all right"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.22.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.23","source":"一年の勉強では 日本の新聞が 読める様になりません。","translation":"One year of study will not enable you to read Japanese newspapers.","reading":"いちねんのべんきょうではにほんのしんぶんがよめるようになりません。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"読める","gloss":"can read","reading":"よめる"},{"text":"様","gloss":"able","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.23.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.24","source":"あんまり勉強しない生徒は 大抵 学校でも よく出来ません。","translation":"Students who don't study very much usually don't do well at school either.","reading":"あんまりべんきょうしないせいとはたいていがっこうでもよくできません。","words":[{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"do","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.24.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.25","source":"勉強すれば 勉強するほど 上手になります。","translation":"The more you study, the better you become.","reading":"べんきょうすればべんきょうするほどじょうずになります。","words":[{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"study"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"the more"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"skilled","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.25.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L084.pt2.26","source":"この学校では、読み書きよりも 話すのが 大切です。","translation":"At this school, speaking is more important than reading and writing.","reading":"このがっこうでは、よみかきよりもはなすのがたいせつです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"読み書き","gloss":"reading and writing","reading":"よみかき"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"も","gloss":"more"},{"text":"話す","gloss":"speaking","reading":"はなす"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大切","gloss":"important","reading":"たいせつ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.pt2.26.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"半分","gloss":"half"},{"word":"かえって","gloss":"on the contrary, rather (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"いい。","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"上手","gloss":"skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Textile exports and synthetic fibres · Reading Selection 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Woolen exports","paragraphs":["*今日では 上等の 毛織物が 日本で 出来る 様に なったので 輸出も ぞうかし、北米むけだけでも 一年に 七千万ドルを こえています* says that exports rose after Japan began producing high-quality woolen fabrics.","In *北米むけ*, the suffix names North America as the destination."]},{"title":"Synthetic fibres","paragraphs":["*かがくせんいの 生産は 近年 ずい分 発てんして、外国へも 輸出し、毎年 ぞうかする 一方です* says that synthetic-fibre production and exports continue to increase.","The passage contrasts that growth with the decline of the silk textile industry."]}],"lines":[{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L084.rd.001","source":"少いもので、主として 食用と 言っても さしつかえない くらいです。","translation":"There are so few that you could say they are mainly for food.","reading":"すくないもので、しゅとしてしょくようといってもさしつかえないくらいです。","words":[{"text":"少い","gloss":"few","reading":"すくない"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"主","gloss":"mainly","reading":"しゅ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"mainly"},{"text":"し","gloss":"mainly"},{"text":"て","gloss":"mainly"},{"text":"食用","gloss":"for food","reading":"しょくよう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"say"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"problem"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"no"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"to the extent"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L084.rd.002","source":"今日では 上等の 毛織物が 日本で 出来る 様に なったので 輸出も ぞうかし、北米むけだけでも 一年に 七千万ドルを こえています。","translation":"Today, high-quality woolen fabrics can be made in Japan, so exports have also increased, and exports to North America alone exceed seventy million dollars a year.","reading":"こんにちではじょうとうのけおりものがにほんでできるようになったのでゆしゅつもぞうかし、ほくべいむけだけでもいちねんにななせんまんドルをこえています。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"こんにち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"上等","gloss":"high-quality","reading":"じょうとう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"毛","gloss":"woolen fabric","reading":"け"},{"text":"織物","gloss":"woolen fabric","reading":"おりもの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほんで"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"can be made","reading":"きる"},{"text":"様","gloss":"able","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で","gloss":"because"},{"text":"輸出","gloss":"exports","reading":"ゆしゅつ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ぞう","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"かし、","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"北米","gloss":"North America","reading":"ほくべい"},{"text":"むけ","gloss":"destined for"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"alone"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"七千","gloss":"seven thousand","reading":"ななせん"},{"text":"万","gloss":"ten thousand","reading":"まん"},{"text":"ドル","gloss":"dollars"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"こえ","gloss":"exceed"},{"text":"て","gloss":"exceed"},{"text":"い","gloss":"exceed"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"exceed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L084.rd.003","source":"この事で 米国でも 少し さわいでいる そうです。","translation":"I hear that this is causing some concern in the United States too.","reading":"このことでべいこくでもすこしさわいでいるそうです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"事","gloss":"matter","reading":"こと"},{"text":"で","gloss":"because of"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"some","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"さわい","gloss":"causing concern"},{"text":"で","gloss":"causing concern"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"causing concern"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L084.rd.004","source":"きぬ 織物業は スフ、ナイロン、ポリエステル などの かがくせんいの 生産が ぞうかする 様に なったので、むかしほど さかんでは ありません。","translation":"The silk textile industry is not as flourishing as it used to be because the production of synthetic fibers such as rayon, nylon, and polyester has increased.","reading":"きぬおりものぎょうはスフ、ナイロン、ポリエステルなどのかがくせんいのせいさんがぞうかするようになったので、むかしほどさかんではありません。","words":[{"text":"きぬ","gloss":"silk"},{"text":"織物","gloss":"textile industry","reading":"おりもの"},{"text":"業","gloss":"textile industry","reading":"ぎょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"スフ、","gloss":"rayon"},{"text":"ナイロン、","gloss":"nylon"},{"text":"ポリエステル","gloss":"polyester"},{"text":"など","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"かがく","gloss":"synthetic fibers"},{"text":"せんい","gloss":"synthetic fibers"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生産","gloss":"production","reading":"せいさん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ぞう","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"か","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"する","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"様","gloss":"come to","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"むかし","gloss":"olden times"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"さかん","gloss":"flourishing"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L084.rd.005","source":"かがくせんいの 生産は 近年 ずい分 発てんして、外国へも 輸出し、毎年 ぞうかする 一方です。","translation":"The production of synthetic fibers has developed considerably in recent years, and exports to foreign countries continue to increase every year.","reading":"かがくせんいのせいさんはきんねんずいぶんはってんして、がいこくへもゆしゅつし、まいねんぞうかするいっぽうです。","words":[{"text":"かがく","gloss":"synthetic fibers"},{"text":"せんい","gloss":"synthetic fibers"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生産","gloss":"production","reading":"せいさん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"近年","gloss":"recent years","reading":"きんねん"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"considerably","reading":"ずいぶん"},{"text":"発てん","gloss":"develop","reading":"はってん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign countries","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"輸出","gloss":"export","reading":"ゆしゅつ"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"do"},{"text":"毎年","gloss":"every year","reading":"まいねん"},{"text":"ぞう","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"か","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"する","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"continuing","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L084.rd.006","source":"日本では むかしから 織物業が さかんですか。","translation":"Has the textile industry flourished in Japan since olden times?","reading":"にほんではむかしからおりものぎょうがさかんですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むかし","gloss":"olden times"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"織物","gloss":"textile industry","reading":"おりもの"},{"text":"業","gloss":"textile industry","reading":"ぎょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"さかん","gloss":"flourishing"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L084.rd.007","source":"ことに どの 地方で さかんですか。","translation":"In what region is it especially flourishing?","reading":"ことにどのちほうでさかんですか。","words":[{"text":"こと","gloss":"especially"},{"text":"に","gloss":"especially"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"which"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region","reading":"ちほう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"さかん","gloss":"flourishing"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.rd.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"上等","gloss":"superior class; superior quality"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"きぬ","gloss":"silk"},{"word":"スフ、","gloss":"staple fiber, rayon staple"},{"word":"近年","gloss":"recent years"},{"word":"毎年","gloss":"every year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"地方","gloss":"country, region"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Cotton, wool and imports · Reading Selection 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Materials and their sources","paragraphs":["*織物では 国産の 原料と言えば 何ですか* asks which textile raw material is domestically produced. The answer is raw silk.","*羊毛は 主に どこから 来ますか* asks where wool mainly comes from. Cotton and wool come from the overseas sources described in the dialogue."]}],"lines":[{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L084.rd.008","source":"一番 さかんなのは 何ですか。","translation":"What is the most flourishing industry?","reading":"いちばんさかんなのはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"さかん","gloss":"flourishing"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L084.rd.009","source":"綿糸の 原料は 何ですか。","translation":"What is the raw material for cotton thread?","reading":"めんしのげんりょうはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"綿糸","gloss":"cotton thread","reading":"めんし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"原料","gloss":"raw material","reading":"げんりょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L084.rd.010","source":"日本は 綿を どこから 輸入しますか。","translation":"Where does Japan import cotton from?","reading":"にほんはわたをどこからゆにゅうしますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほんは"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"綿","gloss":"cotton","reading":"た"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"import","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L084.rd.011","source":"織物では 国産の 原料と言えば 何ですか。","translation":"When it comes to textiles, what raw material is domestically produced?","reading":"おりものではこくさんのげんりょうといえばなんですか。","words":[{"text":"織物","gloss":"textiles","reading":"おりもの"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"国産","gloss":"domestically produced","reading":"こくさん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"原料","gloss":"raw material","reading":"げんりょう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"about"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"speaking","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"when"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L084.rd.012","source":"毛糸の 原料は 何ですか。","translation":"What is the raw material for woolen yarn?","reading":"けいとのげんりょうはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"毛糸","gloss":"woolen yarn","reading":"けいと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"原料","gloss":"raw material","reading":"げんりょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L084.rd.013","source":"羊毛は 主に どこから 来ますか。","translation":"Where does wool mainly come from?","reading":"ようもうはおもにどこからきますか。","words":[{"text":"羊毛","gloss":"wool","reading":"ようもう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"主に","gloss":"mainly","reading":"おもに"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.rd.013.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L084.rd.014","source":"日本では 羊を かっていませんか。","translation":"Don’t they raise sheep in Japan?","reading":"にほんではひつじをかっていませんか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"羊","gloss":"sheep","reading":"ひつじ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かっ","gloss":"raise"},{"text":"て","gloss":"raise"},{"text":"い","gloss":"raise"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.rd.014.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Wool and synthetic production · Reading Selection 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Exports and production","paragraphs":["*北米むけの 毛織物は どのぐらいですか* asks the value of woolen fabric destined for North America.","The suffix in *北米むけ* identifies the destination. *かがくせんいの 生産は 近年 どうですか* asks about recent synthetic-fibre production."]}],"lines":[{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L084.rd.015","source":"羊毛の 原料としては どうですか。","translation":"How are they as a source of wool?","reading":"ようもうのげんりょうとしてはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"羊毛","gloss":"wool","reading":"ようもう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"原料","gloss":"source","reading":"げんりょう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.rd.015.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L084.rd.016","source":"今日では 上等の 毛織物が 日本で 出来る 様になりましたか。","translation":"Has Japan now become able to produce high-quality woolen textiles?","reading":"こんにちではじょうとうのけおりものがにほんでできるようになりましたか。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"こんにち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"上等","gloss":"high-quality","reading":"じょうとう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"毛","gloss":"woolen textiles","reading":"け"},{"text":"織物","gloss":"woolen textiles","reading":"おりもの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほんで"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"can produce","reading":"きる"},{"text":"様","gloss":"able","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.rd.016.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L084.rd.017","source":"北米むけの 毛織物は どのぐらいですか。","translation":"How much woolen fabric is destined for North America?","reading":"ほくべいむけのけおりものはどのぐらいですか。","words":[{"text":"北米","gloss":"North America","reading":"ほくべい"},{"text":"む","gloss":"destined for"},{"text":"け","gloss":"destined for"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"毛","gloss":"woolen fabric","reading":"け"},{"text":"織物","gloss":"woolen fabric","reading":"おりもの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"much"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.rd.017.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L084.rd.018","source":"きぬ 織物業は なぜ むかしほど さかんでは ありませんか。","translation":"Why is the silk textile industry not as flourishing as it used to be?","reading":"きぬおりものぎょうはなぜむかしほどさかんではありませんか。","words":[{"text":"きぬ","gloss":"silk"},{"text":"織物","gloss":"textile industry","reading":"おりもの"},{"text":"業","gloss":"textile industry","reading":"ぎょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"むかし","gloss":"olden times"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"さかん","gloss":"flourishing"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.rd.018.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L084.rd.019","source":"かがくせんいの 生産は 近年 どうですか。","translation":"How has the production of synthetic fibers been in recent years?","reading":"かがくせんいのせいさんはきんねんどうですか。","words":[{"text":"かがく","gloss":"synthetic fibers"},{"text":"せんい","gloss":"synthetic fibers"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生産","gloss":"production","reading":"せいさん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"近年","gloss":"recent years","reading":"きんねん"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.rd.019.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Japan's textile industry · Questions","teaching":[{"title":"Japan's textile materials","paragraphs":["*日本では むかしから 織物業が さかんです* begins a description of Japan's textile industry.","It explains that raw silk is domestic. Cotton comes from the United States and Mexico, while wool comes mainly from Australia and New Zealand."]}],"lines":[{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L084.q.001","source":"日本では むかしから 織物業が さかんです。ことに 大阪を 中心にした 地方では そうです。一番 さかんなのは 綿織物ですが、綿糸の 原料である 綿は ほとんど 皆 米国や メキシコから 輸入しなければなりません。むかしは 日本でも 綿を 作っていましたが、今日では ほとんど 百パーセント 輸入です。織物の 原料は 国産と 言えば 生糸だけです。毛糸の 原料である 羊毛は オーストラリア ニュージーランドから 主に 来ます。日本でも 羊は かっていますが、羊毛を とる ためのものとしては、問題に ならないほど","translation":"The textile industry has been flourishing in Japan since the olden days. This is especially true in the area centered around Osaka. Cotton textiles flourish the most, but nearly all the cotton used as the raw material for cotton thread has to be imported from the United States and Mexico. Cotton used to be grown in Japan as well, but today nearly one hundred percent of it is imported. When it comes to raw materials for textiles, only raw silk is domestically produced. Wool, the raw material for woolen yarn, comes mainly from Australia and New Zealand. Sheep are raised in Japan, too, but as a source of wool, they are so few as to be insignificant.","reading":"にほんではむかしからおりものぎょうがさかんです。ことにおおさかをちゅうしんにしたちほうではそうです。いちばんさかんなのはめんおりものですが、めんしのげんりょうであるわたはほとんどみなべいこくやメキシコからゆにゅうしなければなりません。むかしはにほんでもわたをつくっていましたが、こんにちではほとんどひゃくパーセントゆにゅうです。おりもののげんりょうはこくさんといえばきいとだけです。けいとのげんりょうであるようもうはオーストラリアニュージーランドからおもにきます。にほんでもひつじはかっていますが、ようもうをとるためのものとしては、もんだいにならないほど","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むかし","gloss":"olden days"},{"text":"から","gloss":"since"},{"text":"織物","gloss":"textile industry","reading":"おりもの"},{"text":"業","gloss":"textile industry","reading":"ぎょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"さかん","gloss":"flourishing"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"especially"},{"text":"に","gloss":"especially"},{"text":"大阪","gloss":"Osaka","reading":"おおさか"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"中心","gloss":"centered","reading":"ちゅうしん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"centered"},{"text":"し","gloss":"centered"},{"text":"た","gloss":"centered"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"area","reading":"ちほう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"さかん","gloss":"flourishing"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"綿","gloss":"cotton textiles","reading":"めん"},{"text":"織物","gloss":"cotton textiles","reading":"おりもの"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"綿糸","gloss":"cotton thread","reading":"めんし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"原料","gloss":"raw material","reading":"げんりょう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"is"},{"text":"綿","gloss":"cotton","reading":"わた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ほとんど","gloss":"nearly"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"メキシコ","gloss":"Mexico"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"must be imported","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"must be imported"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must be imported"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must be imported"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"must be imported"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"must be imported"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"must be imported"},{"text":"むかし","gloss":"olden days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"綿","gloss":"cotton","reading":"わた"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"作っ","gloss":"used to grow","reading":"つくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"used to grow"},{"text":"い","gloss":"used to grow"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"used to grow"},{"text":"た","gloss":"used to grow"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"こんにち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ほとんど","gloss":"nearly"},{"text":"百","gloss":"one hundred","reading":"ひゃく"},{"text":"パーセント","gloss":"percent"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"imported","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"織物","gloss":"textiles","reading":"おりもの"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"原料","gloss":"raw materials","reading":"げんりょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"国産","gloss":"domestically produced","reading":"こくさん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when it comes to"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"when it comes to","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"when it comes to"},{"text":"生糸","gloss":"raw silk","reading":"きいと"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"毛糸","gloss":"woolen yarn","reading":"けいと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"原料","gloss":"raw material","reading":"げんりょう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"is"},{"text":"羊毛","gloss":"wool","reading":"ようもう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"オーストラリア","gloss":"Australia"},{"text":"ニュージーランド","gloss":"New Zealand"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"主に","gloss":"mainly","reading":"おもに"},{"text":"来","gloss":"comes","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"comes"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"羊","gloss":"sheep","reading":"ひつじ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かっ","gloss":"are raised"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are raised"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are raised"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are raised"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"羊毛","gloss":"wool","reading":"ようもう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"とる","gloss":"obtaining"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"purpose"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"source"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as a source"},{"text":"し","gloss":"as a source"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as a source"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"as a source"},{"text":"問題","gloss":"significant","reading":"もんだい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"enough to be"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.q.001.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Fabrics and textile materials · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Fabrics and raw materials","paragraphs":["These words distinguish products from their materials. *織物* is \"fabric,\" while *織物業* is \"textile industry.\"","*原料* is \"raw material.\" *生糸* is \"raw silk,\" and *羊毛* is \"wool.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.001","source":"織物","translation":"fabric","reading":"おりもの","words":[{"text":"織物","gloss":"fabric","reading":"おりもの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.001.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.002","source":"織物業","translation":"textile industry","reading":"おりものぎょう","words":[{"text":"織物業","gloss":"textile industry","reading":"おりものぎょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.002.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.003","source":"さかん（な）","translation":"flourishing","reading":"さかん（な）","words":[{"text":"さかん（な）","gloss":"flourishing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.003.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.004","source":"綿織物","translation":"cotton fabric","reading":"めんおりもの","words":[{"text":"綿織物","gloss":"cotton fabric","reading":"めんおりもの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.004.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.005","source":"いぜん","translation":"before","reading":"いぜん","words":[{"text":"いぜん","gloss":"before"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.005.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.006","source":"原料","translation":"raw material","reading":"げんりょう","words":[{"text":"原料","gloss":"raw material","reading":"げんりょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.006.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.007","source":"国産","translation":"domestically produced; domestic product","reading":"こくさん","words":[{"text":"国産","gloss":"domestically produced","reading":"こくさん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.007.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.008","source":"生糸","translation":"raw silk","reading":"きいと","words":[{"text":"生糸","gloss":"raw silk","reading":"きいと"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.008.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.009","source":"毛糸","translation":"wool yarn","reading":"けいと","words":[{"text":"毛糸","gloss":"wool yarn","reading":"けいと"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.009.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.010","source":"羊毛","translation":"wool (sheep’s)","reading":"ようもう","words":[{"text":"羊毛","gloss":"wool","reading":"ようもう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.010.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.011","source":"綿糸","translation":"cotton yarn","reading":"めんし","words":[{"text":"綿糸","gloss":"cotton yarn","reading":"めんし"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"織物業","gloss":"textile industry"},{"word":"さかん（な）","gloss":"flourishing"},{"word":"綿織物","gloss":"cotton fabric"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Cotton imports and costs · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Imports and costs","paragraphs":["These words cover materials, use, and cost. *綿花* is \"raw cotton,\" *食用* is \"for food,\" and *高くつく* means \"ends up costing more.\"","*つごう* is \"convenience,\" while *つごうが悪い* is \"inconvenient.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.012","source":"綿","translation":"cotton","reading":"わた","words":[{"text":"綿","gloss":"cotton","reading":"わた"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.012.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.013","source":"問題にならないほど","translation":"incontrovertibly","reading":"もんだいにならないほど","words":[{"text":"問題にならないほど","gloss":"incontrovertibly","reading":"もんだいにならないほど"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.013.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.014","source":"主として","translation":"mainly","reading":"おもとして","words":[{"text":"主として","gloss":"mainly","reading":"おもとして"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.014.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.015","source":"食用","translation":"for food, for the table","reading":"しょくよう","words":[{"text":"食用","gloss":"for food","reading":"しょくよう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.015.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.016","source":"--てもさしつかえない","translation":"may (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"--てもさしつかえない","words":[{"text":"--てもさしつかえない","gloss":"may"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.016.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.017","source":"綿花","translation":"raw cotton","reading":"めんか","words":[{"text":"綿花","gloss":"raw cotton","reading":"めんか"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.017.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.018","source":"メキシコ","translation":"Mexico","reading":"メキシコ","words":[{"text":"メキシコ","gloss":"Mexico"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.018.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.019","source":"つごう","translation":"convenience","reading":"つごう","words":[{"text":"つごう","gloss":"convenience"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.019.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.020","source":"つごうが悪い","translation":"inconvenient","reading":"つごうがわるい","words":[{"text":"つごうが悪い","gloss":"inconvenient","reading":"つごうがわるい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.020.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.021","source":"高くつく","translation":"ends up costing more; costs much","reading":"たかくつく","words":[{"text":"高くつく","gloss":"costs much more","reading":"たかくつく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.021.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.022","source":"人けん","translation":"rayon","reading":"じんけん","words":[{"text":"人けん","gloss":"rayon","reading":"じんけん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"問題にならないほど","gloss":"incontrovertibly"},{"word":"主として","gloss":"mainly"},{"word":"--てもさしつかえない","gloss":"may (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"つごうが悪い","gloss":"inconvenient"},{"word":"高くつく","gloss":"ends up costing more; costs much"},{"word":"人けん","gloss":"rayon"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Synthetic fibres and destinations · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Fibres and destinations","paragraphs":["The fibre words include *スフ*, \"rayon staple,\" *ナイロン*, \"nylon,\" and *ポリエステル*, \"polyester.\"","*北米* is \"North America.\" The suffix *---むけ* means \"to\" or \"toward,\" and *北米むけ* identifies that destination."]}],"lines":[{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.023","source":"スフ","translation":"staple fiber, rayon staple","reading":"スフ","words":[{"text":"スフ","gloss":"rayon staple"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.023.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.024","source":"かがくせんい","translation":"chemical fiber","reading":"かがくせんい","words":[{"text":"かがくせんい","gloss":"synthetic fiber"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.024.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.025","source":"方めん","translation":"field, area","reading":"ほうめん","words":[{"text":"方めん","gloss":"field","reading":"ほうめん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.025.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.026","source":"ナイロン","translation":"nylon","reading":"ナイロン","words":[{"text":"ナイロン","gloss":"nylon"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.026.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.027","source":"ポリエステル","translation":"polyester","reading":"ポリエステル","words":[{"text":"ポリエステル","gloss":"polyester"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.027.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.028","source":"北米","translation":"North America","reading":"ほくべい","words":[{"text":"北米","gloss":"North America","reading":"ほくべい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.028.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.029","source":"北米むけ","translation":"to the North America","reading":"ほくべいむけ","words":[{"text":"北米むけ","gloss":"for North America","reading":"ほくべいむけ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.029.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.030","source":"さわぐ","translation":"be noisy, be complaining, be alarmed","reading":"さわぐ","words":[{"text":"さわぐ","gloss":"make a fuss"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.030.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L084.w.031","source":"---むけ","translation":"suffix meaning ”to”, ”toward”. (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"---むけ","words":[{"text":"---むけ","gloss":"intended for"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L084.w.031.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":4,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\n1 Topic Titles:\n\n1a Talk about the textile industry in Japan.\n\n1a(1) Silk Textile industry\n\n1a(2) Cotton Textile industry\n\n1a(3) Woolen Textile industry\n\n1a(4) Chemical Fiber industry"},{"section":5,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.\n\n2 Study Grammar Perception Drill.\n\n3 Study Pattern Practice and do the exercise following each sentence pattern.\n\n4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.\n\n5 Read the Explanatory Notes.\n\n6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercise given."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"かがくせんい","gloss":"chemical fiber"},{"word":"方めん","gloss":"field, area"},{"word":"ナイロン","gloss":"nylon"},{"word":"北米むけ","gloss":"to the North America"},{"word":"さわぐ","gloss":"be noisy, be complaining, be alarmed"},{"word":"---むけ","gloss":"suffix meaning ”to”, ”toward”. (See Cult. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]}]}