{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L009","title":"Lesson 9","stage":"Sounds, kana, and the first conversations","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 9: identifying a language school · dialogue 1 of 5, naming a school and studies · dialogue 2 of 5, names, nationalities and identifying people · dialogue 4 of 5, contrasting nationalities and services · dialogue 5 of 5, asking names and relationships · pattern 1, linking contrasting descriptions · pattern 2 1 of 2, correcting paired descriptions · pattern 2 2 of 2, both people and things · pattern 3 1 of 2, asking about shared identities · pattern 3 2 of 2, neither people nor things · pattern 4 1 of 2, rejecting both alternatives · pattern 4 2 of 2, languages, people, nationalities and paired conjunctions · word list 3 of 3.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/9","lines":102},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/8","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/10","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Identifying a language school · Dialogue 1 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"A school and its field","paragraphs":["One speaker asks whether this is a school, what kind it is, and which institution operates it.","*これは なんの がっこうですか* asks, \"What school is this?\" *それは がいこくごの がっこうです* means \"That is a school for foreign languages.\"","*いいえ、 それは こくぼうしょうの がいごがっこうです* identifies the Defense Department's foreign language school."]},{"title":"Katakana: ナ to ホ","paragraphs":["Each kana is one syllable. Read the kana, then its sound in romaji."]},{"title":"Katakana: バ to ポ","paragraphs":["Each kana is one syllable. Read the kana, then its sound in romaji."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.001","source":"これは がっこうですか。","translation":"Is this a school?","reading":"これはがっこうですか。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.002","source":"はい、 それは がっこうです。","translation":"Yes, that is a school.","reading":"はい、それはがっこうです。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.003","source":"これは なんの がっこうですか。","translation":"What school is this?","reading":"これはなんのがっこうですか。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"what"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.004","source":"それは がいこくごの がっこうです。","translation":"That is a school for foreign languages.","reading":"それはがいこくごのがっこうです。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"がいこく","gloss":"foreign language"},{"text":"ご","gloss":"foreign language"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.005","source":"これは りくぐんの がいごがっこうですか。","translation":"Is this the Army's foreign language school?","reading":"これはりくぐんのがいごがっこうですか。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"り","gloss":"Army"},{"text":"くぐん","gloss":"Army"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"が","gloss":"foreign language school"},{"text":"い","gloss":"foreign language school"},{"text":"ご","gloss":"foreign language school"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"foreign language school"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.006","source":"いいえ、 それは こくぼうしょうの がいごがっこうです。","translation":"No, that is the Defense Department's foreign language school.","reading":"いいえ、それはこくぼうしょうのがいごがっこうです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"こく","gloss":"Defense Department"},{"text":"ぼう","gloss":"Defense Department"},{"text":"しょう","gloss":"Defense Department"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"が","gloss":"foreign language school"},{"text":"い","gloss":"foreign language school"},{"text":"ご","gloss":"foreign language school"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"foreign language school"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"Humble and Honorific Words\n\nIn Japanese certain words are honorific in themselves and certain other words are humble in themselves, but most words can be made either honorific or humble. Nouns are made honorific in several ways, one way is to use o in front of them. The prefix o, therefore, is called the 'honorific O.' The nouns thus made honorific generally refer to persons or things that are connected with second and third persons and not with the first person or speaker himself.\n\nThus, in Pattern 1A, the speaker uses the word ONAMAE 'your name,' because he wishes to be polite to the person to whom he speaks, and in Pattern 1B, the honorific O is not used in front of the word NAMAE because it is poor social form for the speaker to be honorific of anything connected with himself. Similarly, the word OTOMODACHI, 'your, his, her, or their friend,' is used by the speaker to refer to a person or persons who are connected to the second or third persons and not with the speaker himself.\n\nKONO-OKATA is politer than the word KONO-KATA. The\n\nword KANAI refers to one's own wife, whereas the word OKUSAN is used by the speaker to refer to the wife of the second or the third person. The word DONATA is politer than the word DARE."},{"section":2,"text":"Conjunctive form of DESU\n\nThe ways in which two sentences are combined into a compound sentence differ depending upon the first sentence. When the first sentence ends in a noun or a pronoun plus DESU, the DESU is changed to DE which not only retains the original meaning of the copula DESU, but also has the additional notion of 'and.'\n\nExamples:\n\nKORE WA ENPITSU DESU (1) \"This is a pencil.\" KORE WA PEN DESU (2) \"This is a pen.\"\n\nWhen you combine these two sentences (1) and (2), they will become: KORE WA ENPITSU DE KORE WA PEN DESU. \"This is a pencil and this is a pen.\"\n\nKORE WA ENPITSU DESU (1) \"This is a pencil.\"\n\nIRO WA AKAI DESU (2) \"The color is red.\"\n\nWhen you combine (1) and (2), they will become: KORE WA ENPITSU DE, IRO WA AKAI DESU. \"This is a pencil and the color is red.\""},{"section":3,"text":"MO--MO--DESU\n\nWhen used after each of two substantives (nouns and pronouns) which are the subjects of a sentence ending with an affirmative predicate, the MO expresses 'both --- and.' In the following examples, if you combine sentences (1) and (2), they will become sentence (3).\n\nExamples:\n\nKORE WA HON DESU. \"This is a book.\"\n\nSORE MO HON DESU. \"That is a book, too.\"\n\nKORE MO SORE MO HON DESU. \"Both this and that are books.\"\n\nKONO HON WA AKAI DESU. \"This book is red.\"\n\nSONO HON MO AKAI DESU. \"That book is also red.\"\n\nKONO HON MO SONO HON MO AKAI DESU. \"Both this book and that book are red.\""},{"section":4,"text":"MO--MO--DEWA ARIMASEN\n\nWhen used after each of two substantives (nouns and pronouns) which are the subjects of a sentence ending with a negative predicate, the MO expresses 'neither--nor--.' In the following examples, if you combine sentences (1) and (2), (3) will be the result.\n\nExamples:\n\nKORE WA HON DEWA ARIMASEN. \"This is not a book.\"\n\nSORE WA HON DEWA ARIMASEN. \"That is not a book.\"\n\nKORE MO SORE MO HON DEWA ARIMASEN. \"Neither this nor that is a book.\"\n\nKONO HON WA AKAKU WA ARIMASEN. \"This book is not red.\"\n\nSONO HON MO AKAKU WA ARIMASEN. \"That book is not red either.\"\n\nKONO HON MO SONO HON MO AKAKU WA ARIMASEN. \"Neither this book nor that book is red.\""}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Naming a school and studies · Dialogue 2 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"The school and its students","paragraphs":["One speaker asks for the school's name and whether the other speakers study there.","*この がっこうの なまえは なんですか* asks, \"What is the name of this school?\" *その がっこうの なまえは こくぼうしょうごがっこうです* gives the name.","*わたくしたちは にっぽんごの せいとです* means \"We are students of the Japanese language.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.007","source":"この がっこうの なまえは なんですか。","translation":"What is the name of this school?","reading":"このがっこうのなまえはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"なまえ","gloss":"name"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"what"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.008","source":"その がっこうの なまえは こくぼうしょうごがっこうです。","translation":"The name of that school is the Defense Language Institute.","reading":"そのがっこうのなまえはこくぼうしょうごがっこうです。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"なまえ","gloss":"name"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"こく","gloss":"Defense Language Institute"},{"text":"ぼう","gloss":"Defense Language Institute"},{"text":"しょう","gloss":"Defense Language Institute"},{"text":"ご","gloss":"Defense Language Institute"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"Defense Language Institute"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.009","source":"あなたがたは この がっこうの せいとですか。","translation":"Are you students of this school?","reading":"あなたがたはこのがっこうのせいとですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you all"},{"text":"がた","gloss":"you all"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"student"},{"text":"と","gloss":"student"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.010","source":"はい、 わたくしたちは その がっこうの せいとです。","translation":"Yes, we are students of that school.","reading":"はい、わたくしたちはそのがっこうのせいとです。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"we"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"we"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"student"},{"text":"と","gloss":"student"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.011","source":"あなたがたは なにごの せいとですか。","translation":"What are you students of?","reading":"あなたがたはなにごのせいとですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"がた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なに","gloss":"what"},{"text":"ご","gloss":"language"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"student"},{"text":"と","gloss":"student"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.012","source":"わたくしたちは にっぽんごの せいとです。","translation":"We are students of the Japanese language.","reading":"わたくしたちはにっぽんごのせいとです。","words":[{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"we"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"we"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"にっぽん","gloss":"Japanese language"},{"text":"ご","gloss":"Japanese language"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"student"},{"text":"と","gloss":"student"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"なまえ","gloss":"name"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Names, spouses and friends · Dialogue 3 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"Names and relationships","paragraphs":["Two speakers ask about a name, a wife, and a friend.","*あなたの おなまえは なんですか* asks, \"What is your name?\" *わたくしの なまえは たなかです* means \"My name is Tanaka.\""]},{"title":"Respect for another person","paragraphs":["*おなまえ* appears in *あなたの おなまえは なんですか* for another person's name. The reply uses *なまえ* for the speaker's name.","*おくさん* appears in *あなたの おくさんも せいとですか* for another person's wife. The reply uses *かない* for the speaker's wife.","*おともだち* asks about another person's friend. *ともだち* in *わたくしの ともだちです* refers to the speaker's friend."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.013","source":"あなたの おなまえは なんですか。","translation":"What is your name?","reading":"あなたのおなまえはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"お","gloss":"name"},{"text":"なまえ","gloss":"name"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"what"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.014","source":"わたくしの なまえは たなかです。","translation":"My name is Tanaka.","reading":"わたくしのなまえはたなかです。","words":[{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"I"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"なまえ","gloss":"name"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"たなか","gloss":"Tanaka"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.015","source":"たなかさん、 あなたの おくさんも せいとですか。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka, is your wife a student, too?","reading":"たなかさん、あなたのおくさんもせいとですか。","words":[{"text":"たなか","gloss":"Tanaka"},{"text":"さん、","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"おく","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"student"},{"text":"と","gloss":"student"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.016","source":"いいえ、 かないは せいとでは ありません。","translation":"No, my wife is not a student.","reading":"いいえ、かないはせいとではありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"かない","gloss":"my wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"student"},{"text":"と","gloss":"student"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"not"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.017","source":"たなかたいい、 さかいしょうさは あなたの おともだちですか。","translation":"CPT Tanaka, is Major SAKAI your friend?","reading":"たなかたいい、さかいしょうさはあなたのおともだちですか。","words":[{"text":"たな","gloss":"Captain Tanaka"},{"text":"かたい","gloss":"Captain Tanaka"},{"text":"い、","gloss":"Captain Tanaka"},{"text":"さかい","gloss":"Sakai"},{"text":"しょう","gloss":"major"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"major"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"お","gloss":"friend"},{"text":"ともだち","gloss":"friend"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.018","source":"はい、 さかいしょうさは わたくしの ともだちです。","translation":"Yes, Major Sakai is my friend.","reading":"はい、さかいしょうさはわたくしのともだちです。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"さかい","gloss":"Sakai"},{"text":"しょう","gloss":"major"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"major"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"I"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ともだち","gloss":"friend"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"かない","gloss":"wife (self)"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ともだち","gloss":"friend"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Nationalities and identifying people · Dialogue 4 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"Two people and one identity","paragraphs":["The speakers identify two officers and ask whether both study Japanese.","*スミスぐんそうは このかたで、 パーカーちゅうさは あのかたです* means \"SGT Smith is this person and LTC Parker is that person.\""]},{"title":"Two forms to hear","paragraphs":["*で* in *スミスぐんそうは このかたで* connects that identification to the second officer's identification.","In *スミスぐんそうも パーカーちゅうさも にっぽんごの せいとです*, *も* follows each officer and includes both as students."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.019","source":"たなかたいい、 あなたは べいこくじんですか、 えいこくじんですか。","translation":"CPT Tanaka, are you an American or an Englishman?","reading":"たなかたいい、あなたはべいこくじんですか、えいこくじんですか。","words":[{"text":"たな","gloss":"Captain Tanaka"},{"text":"かたい","gloss":"Captain Tanaka"},{"text":"い、","gloss":"Captain Tanaka"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"べい","gloss":"American"},{"text":"こく","gloss":"American"},{"text":"じ","gloss":"American"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"American"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"or"},{"text":"えい","gloss":"Englishman"},{"text":"こく","gloss":"Englishman"},{"text":"じ","gloss":"Englishman"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"Englishman"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.020","source":"わたくしは べいこくじんです。","translation":"I am an American.","reading":"わたくしはべいこくじんです。","words":[{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"I"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"べい","gloss":"American"},{"text":"こく","gloss":"American"},{"text":"じ","gloss":"American"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"American"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"am"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.021","source":"スミスぐんそうと パーカーちゅうさは どなたですか。","translation":"Who are SGT Smith and LTC Parker?","reading":"スミスぐんそうとパーカーちゅうさはどなたですか。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"ぐ","gloss":"sergeant"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"sergeant"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"sergeant"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"ちゅう","gloss":"lieutenant colonel"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"lieutenant colonel"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どなた","gloss":"who"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.021.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.022","source":"スミスぐんそうは このかたで、 パーカーちゅうさは あのかたです。","translation":"SGT Smith is this person and LTC Parker is that person.","reading":"スミスぐんそうはこのかたで、パーカーちゅうさはあのかたです。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"ぐ","gloss":"sergeant"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"sergeant"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"sergeant"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"このかた","gloss":"this person"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is and"},{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"ちゅう","gloss":"lieutenant colonel"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"lieutenant colonel"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that person"},{"text":"かた","gloss":"that person"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.022.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.023","source":"スミスぐんそうも パーカーちゅうさも にっぽんごの せいとですか。","translation":"Are both SGT Smith and LTC Parker students of the Japanese language?","reading":"スミスぐんそうもパーカーちゅうさもにっぽんごのせいとですか。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"ぐ","gloss":"sergeant"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"sergeant"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"sergeant"},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"ちゅう","gloss":"lieutenant colonel"},{"text":"さも","gloss":"lieutenant colonel too"},{"text":"にっぽん","gloss":"Japanese language"},{"text":"ご","gloss":"Japanese language"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"student"},{"text":"と","gloss":"student"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.023.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.024","source":"はい、 スミスぐんそうも パーカーちゅうさも にっぽんごの せいとです。","translation":"Yes, both SGT Smith and LTC Parker are students of the Japanese language.","reading":"はい、スミスぐんそうもパーカーちゅうさもにっぽんごのせいとです。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"ぐ","gloss":"sergeant"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"sergeant"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"sergeant"},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"ちゅう","gloss":"lieutenant colonel"},{"text":"さも","gloss":"lieutenant colonel too"},{"text":"にっぽん","gloss":"Japanese language"},{"text":"ご","gloss":"Japanese language"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"student"},{"text":"と","gloss":"student"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Contrasting nationalities and services · Dialogue 5 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"Two officers, one correction","paragraphs":["*アーサーたいさも パーカーちゅうさも くうぐんの しょうこうですか* asks whether both men are Air Force officers.","The answer says neither is an Air Force officer. It identifies them as Army officers."]},{"title":"Neither officer","paragraphs":["*も* follows each officer in *アーサーたいさも パーカーちゅうさも くうぐんの しょうこうでは ありません*.","In this negative answer, the two uses of *も* mean neither officer has that identity."]}],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.025","source":"アーサーたいさも わたくしも にっぽんじんですか。","translation":"Are both COL Arthur and I Japanese?","reading":"アーサーたいさもわたくしもにっぽんじんですか。","words":[{"text":"アーサー","gloss":"Arthur"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"colonel"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"colonel"},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"I"},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"にっぽん","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"じん","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.025.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.026","source":"いいえ、 あなたは にっぽんじんですが、 アーサーたいさは べいこくじんです。","translation":"No, you are a Japanese, but COL Arthur is an American.","reading":"いいえ、あなたはにっぽんじんですが、アーサーたいさはべいこくじんです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"にっぽん","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"じん","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"アーサー","gloss":"Arthur"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"colonel"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"colonel"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"べい","gloss":"American"},{"text":"こく","gloss":"American"},{"text":"じ","gloss":"American"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"American"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.026.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.027","source":"アーサーたいさも パーカーちゅうさも くうぐんの しょうこうですか。","translation":"Are both COL Arthur and LTC Parker Air Force officers?","reading":"アーサーたいさもパーカーちゅうさもくうぐんのしょうこうですか。","words":[{"text":"アーサー","gloss":"Arthur"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"colonel"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"colonel"},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"ちゅう","gloss":"lieutenant colonel"},{"text":"さも","gloss":"lieutenant colonel too"},{"text":"くう","gloss":"Air Force"},{"text":"ぐ","gloss":"Air Force"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"Air Force"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しょうこう","gloss":"officer"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.027.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L009.dlg.028","source":"いいえ、 アーサーたいさも パーカーちゅうさも くうぐんの しょうこうでは ありません。 りくぐんの しょうこうです。","translation":"No, neither COL Arthur nor LTC Parker is an Air Force officer. They are Army officers.","reading":"いいえ、アーサーたいさもパーカーちゅうさもくうぐんのしょうこうではありません。りくぐんのしょうこうです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"アーサー","gloss":"Arthur"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"colonel"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"colonel"},{"text":"も","gloss":"neither"},{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"ちゅう","gloss":"lieutenant colonel"},{"text":"さも","gloss":"lieutenant colonel either"},{"text":"くう","gloss":"Air Force"},{"text":"ぐ","gloss":"Air Force"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"Air Force"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しょうこう","gloss":"officer"},{"text":"で","gloss":"are"},{"text":"は","gloss":"not"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"りく","gloss":"Army"},{"text":"ぐ","gloss":"Army"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"Army"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しょうこう","gloss":"officer"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.dlg.028.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking names and relationships · Pattern 1","teaching":[{"title":"Honorific for others, plain for oneself","paragraphs":["*あなたの おなまえは なんですか* means \"What is your name?\" Honorific *お* makes *なまえ* respectful.","*わたくしの なまえは たなかです* means \"My name is Tanaka.\" The speaker does not add honorific *お*.","A humble word refers to the speaker or something connected with the speaker.","The same contrast appears in *あなたの おともだち* and *わたくしの ともだち*."]}],"lines":[{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt1.m1","source":"あなたの おなまえは なんですか。","translation":"What is your name?","reading":"あなたのおなまえはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"お","gloss":"name"},{"text":"なまえ","gloss":"name"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"what"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt1.01","source":"わたくしの なまえは たなかです。","translation":"My name is Tanaka.","reading":"わたくしのなまえはたなかです。","words":[{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"I"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"なまえ","gloss":"name"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"たなか","gloss":"Tanaka"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt1.02","source":"あなたの おなまえは なんですか。","translation":"What is your name?","reading":"あなたのおなまえはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"お","gloss":"name"},{"text":"なまえ","gloss":"name"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"what"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt1.03","source":"わたくしの なまえは さかいです。","translation":"My name is Sakai.","reading":"わたくしのなまえはさかいです。","words":[{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"I"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"なまえ","gloss":"name"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さかい","gloss":"Sakai"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt1.04","source":"あなたは せんせいですか。","translation":"Are you a teacher?","reading":"あなたはせんせいですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"せんせい","gloss":"teacher"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt1.05","source":"はい、 わたくしは きょうしです。","translation":"Yes, I am a teacher.","reading":"はい、わたくしはきょうしです。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"I"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きょうし","gloss":"teacher"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"am"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt1.06","source":"たなかさんは あなたの おともだちですか。","translation":"Is Mr. Tanaka your friend?","reading":"たなかさんはあなたのおともだちですか。","words":[{"text":"たなか","gloss":"Tanaka"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"お","gloss":"friend"},{"text":"ともだち","gloss":"friend"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt1.07","source":"はい、 たなかさんは わたくしの ともだちです。","translation":"Yes, Mr. Tanaka is my friend.","reading":"はい、たなかさんはわたくしのともだちです。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"たなか","gloss":"Tanaka"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"I"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ともだち","gloss":"friend"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt1.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"きょうし","gloss":"teacher"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Linking contrasting descriptions · Pattern 2 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Two identifications together","paragraphs":["*これは ほんで、 それは かみです* means \"This is a book and that is a paper.\"","The first identification ends in *で*. The second ends in *です*."]},{"title":"Change is to is and","paragraphs":["When a sentence ends in a noun plus *です* and another sentence follows, *です* becomes *で*.","*で* keeps the meaning \"is\" and adds \"and.\" *あのかたは せんせいで、 このかたは せいとです* connects teacher and student."]}],"lines":[{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt2.m1","source":"たなかさんは このかたで、 たむらさんは あのかたです。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka is this person, and Mr. Tamura is that person over there.","reading":"たなかさんはこのかたで、たむらさんはあのかたです。","words":[{"text":"たなか","gloss":"Tanaka"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"このかた","gloss":"this person"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is and"},{"text":"たむら","gloss":"Tamura"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that person"},{"text":"かた","gloss":"that person"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt2.01","source":"これは ほんで、 それは かみです。","translation":"This is a book and that is a paper.","reading":"これはほんで、それはかみです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ほん","gloss":"book"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is and"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かみ","gloss":"paper"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt2.02","source":"あのかたは せんせいで、 このかたは せいとです。","translation":"That person over there is a teacher, and this person is a student.","reading":"あのかたはせんせいで、このかたはせいとです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that person"},{"text":"かた","gloss":"that person"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"せんせい","gloss":"teacher"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is and"},{"text":"このかた","gloss":"this person"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"student"},{"text":"と","gloss":"student"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt2.03","source":"これは あかいほんで、 あれは あおいほんです。","translation":"This is a red book, and that over there is a blue book.","reading":"これはあかいほんで、あれはあおいほんです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"text":"ほん","gloss":"book"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is and"},{"text":"あれ","gloss":"that over there"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あおい","gloss":"blue"},{"text":"ほん","gloss":"book"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt2.04","source":"このかたは りくぐん ちゅういで、 そのかたは かいぐん ちゅういです。","translation":"This person is an Army first lieutenant, and that person is a Navy lieutenant junior grade.","reading":"このかたはりくぐんちゅういで、そのかたはかいぐんちゅういです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this person"},{"text":"かた","gloss":"this person"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"りく","gloss":"Army"},{"text":"ぐ","gloss":"Army"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"Army"},{"text":"ちゅうい","gloss":"first lieutenant"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is and"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"かたは","gloss":"person, as for"},{"text":"か","gloss":"Navy"},{"text":"い","gloss":"Navy"},{"text":"ぐ","gloss":"Navy"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"Navy"},{"text":"ちゅうい","gloss":"lieutenant junior grade"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt2.05","source":"これは ながい えんぴつで、 それは みじかい えんぴつです。","translation":"This is a long pencil, and that is a short pencil.","reading":"これはながいえんぴつで、それはみじかいえんぴつです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ながい","gloss":"long"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is and"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"みじかい","gloss":"short"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt2.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"word":"あおい","gloss":"blue"},{"word":"ちゅうい","gloss":"first lieutenant"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Correcting paired descriptions · Pattern 2 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Two different fields","paragraphs":["*いいえ、 このかたは フランスごの せいとで、 わたくしは タイごの せいとです* corrects the idea that both people study Japanese.","It means \"No, this person is a French language student, and I am a Thai language student.\""]},{"title":"The first correction connects","paragraphs":["The *で* in *このかたは フランスごの せいとで* connects that identification to the speaker's different field.","*あかい えんぴつは あなたので、 きいろい えんぴつは パーカーさんのです* means \"The red pencil is yours and the yellow pencil is Mr. Parker's.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt2.06","source":"あなたがたは にっぽんごの せいとですか。","translation":"Are you Japanese language students?","reading":"あなたがたはにっぽんごのせいとですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"がた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"にっぽん","gloss":"Japanese language"},{"text":"ご","gloss":"Japanese language"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"student"},{"text":"と","gloss":"student"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt2.07","source":"いいえ、 このかたは フランスごの せいとで、 わたくしは タイごの せいとです。","translation":"No, this person is a French language student, and I am a Thai language student.","reading":"いいえ、このかたはフランスごのせいとで、わたくしはタイごのせいとです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"このかた","gloss":"this person"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"フランス","gloss":"French language"},{"text":"ご","gloss":"French language"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"student"},{"text":"と","gloss":"student"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is and"},{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"I"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"タイ","gloss":"Thai language"},{"text":"ご","gloss":"Thai language"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"student"},{"text":"と","gloss":"student"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"am"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt2.07.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt2.08","source":"あなたと やまださんは りくぐんの ぐんじんですか。","translation":"Are you and Mr. Yamada Army soldiers?","reading":"あなたとやまださんはりくぐんのぐんじんですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"やまだ","gloss":"Yamada"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"りく","gloss":"Army"},{"text":"ぐ","gloss":"Army"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"Army"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ぐ","gloss":"soldier"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"soldier"},{"text":"じ","gloss":"soldier"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"soldier"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt2.09","source":"いいえ、 わたくしは かいぐんの ぐんじんで、 やまださんは かいへいたいの ぐんじんです。","translation":"No, I am a Navy man and Mr. Yamada is a Marine Corps man.","reading":"いいえ、わたくしはかいぐんのぐんじんで、やまださんはかいへいたいのぐんじんです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"I"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"か","gloss":"Navy"},{"text":"い","gloss":"Navy"},{"text":"ぐ","gloss":"Navy"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"Navy"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ぐ","gloss":"serviceman"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"serviceman"},{"text":"じん","gloss":"serviceman"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"am and"},{"text":"やまだ","gloss":"Yamada"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かい","gloss":"Marine Corps"},{"text":"へいたい","gloss":"Marine Corps"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ぐ","gloss":"serviceman"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"serviceman"},{"text":"じ","gloss":"serviceman"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"serviceman"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt2.10","source":"あかい えんぴつと きいろい えんぴつは あなたのですか。","translation":"Are the red pencil and yellow pencil yours?","reading":"あかいえんぴつときいろいえんぴつはあなたのですか。","words":[{"text":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"きいろい","gloss":"yellow"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt2.11","source":"いいえ、 あかい えんぴつは あなたので、 きいろい えんぴつは パーカーさんのです。","translation":"No, the red pencil is yours and the yellow pencil is Mr. Parker's.","reading":"いいえ、あかいえんぴつはあなたので、きいろいえんぴつはパーカーさんのです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is and"},{"text":"きいろい","gloss":"yellow"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt2.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"きいろい","gloss":"yellow"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Both people and things · Pattern 3 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Two students together","paragraphs":["*スミスさんも たなかさんも にっぽんごの せいとです* means \"Both Mr. Smith and Mr. Tanaka are Japanese language students.\""]},{"title":"Both and","paragraphs":["With an affirmative predicate, *も* after each of two subjects means \"both\" and \"and.\"","*このえんぴつも そのえんぴつも きいろいです* means \"Both this pencil and that pencil are yellow.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt3.m1","source":"スミスさんも たなかさんも にっぽんごの せいとです。","translation":"Both Mr. Smith and Mr. Tanaka are Japanese language students.","reading":"スミスさんもたなかさんもにっぽんごのせいとです。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"たなか","gloss":"Tanaka"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"にっぽん","gloss":"Japanese language"},{"text":"ご","gloss":"Japanese language"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"student"},{"text":"と","gloss":"student"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt3.m1.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt3.01","source":"これも それも わたくしの ほんです。","translation":"Both this and that are my books.","reading":"これもそれもわたくしのほんです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"I"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ほん","gloss":"book"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt3.02","source":"このえんぴつも そのえんぴつも きいろいです。","translation":"Both this pencil and that pencil are yellow.","reading":"このえんぴつもそのえんぴつもきいろいです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"きいろい","gloss":"yellow"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt3.03","source":"せんせいも せいとも べいこくじんです。","translation":"Both the teachers and the students are Americans.","reading":"せんせいもせいともべいこくじんです。","words":[{"text":"せんせい","gloss":"teachers"},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"student"},{"text":"とも","gloss":"students too"},{"text":"べい","gloss":"American"},{"text":"こく","gloss":"American"},{"text":"じ","gloss":"American"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"American"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt3.04","source":"さかいさんも パーカーさんも りくぐんの しょうこうです。","translation":"Both Mr. Sakai and Mr. Parker are Army officers.","reading":"さかいさんもパーカーさんもりくぐんのしょうこうです。","words":[{"text":"さかい","gloss":"Sakai"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"りく","gloss":"Army"},{"text":"ぐ","gloss":"Army"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"Army"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しょうこう","gloss":"officer"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt3.05","source":"えんぴつも はくぼくも みじかいです。","translation":"Both the pencil and the chalk are short.","reading":"えんぴつもはくぼくもみじかいです。","words":[{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"はく","gloss":"chalk"},{"text":"ぼく","gloss":"chalk"},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"みじかい","gloss":"short"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt3.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking about shared identities · Pattern 3 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Two things with one owner","paragraphs":["*はい、 これも それも わたくしの ペンです* means \"Yes, both this and that are my pens.\"","The two uses of *も* give both things the same owner."]},{"title":"Respect in the question","paragraphs":["*あなたの おくさんは べいこくじんですか* asks whether another person's wife is American.","The reply uses *かない*: *かないも わたくしも べいこくじんです*, \"Both my wife and I are Americans.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt3.06","source":"これは あなたの ペンですか。","translation":"Is this your pen?","reading":"これはあなたのペンですか。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ペン","gloss":"pen"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt3.06.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt3.07","source":"はい、 これも それも わたくしの ペンです。","translation":"Yes, both this and that are my pens.","reading":"はい、これもそれもわたくしのペンです。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"I"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ペン","gloss":"pen"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt3.07.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt3.08","source":"パーカーさん、 あなたの おくさんは べいこくじんですか。","translation":"Mr. Parker, is your wife an American?","reading":"パーカーさん、あなたのおくさんはべいこくじんですか。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん、","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"おく","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"べい","gloss":"American"},{"text":"こく","gloss":"American"},{"text":"じ","gloss":"American"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"American"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt3.08.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt3.09","source":"はい、 かないも わたくしも べいこくじんです。","translation":"Yes, both my wife and I are Americans.","reading":"はい、かないもわたくしもべいこくじんです。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"かない","gloss":"my wife"},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"I"},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"べい","gloss":"American"},{"text":"こく","gloss":"American"},{"text":"じ","gloss":"American"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"American"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt3.09.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt3.10","source":"あなたも さかいさんも りくぐんの ぐんじんですか。","translation":"Are both you and Mr. Sakai Army men?","reading":"あなたもさかいさんもりくぐんのぐんじんですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"さかい","gloss":"Sakai"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"りく","gloss":"Army"},{"text":"ぐ","gloss":"Army"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"Army"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ぐ","gloss":"soldier"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"soldier"},{"text":"じ","gloss":"soldier"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"soldier"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt3.10.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt3.11","source":"はい、 そうです。","translation":"Yes, that's right.","reading":"はい、そうです。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"that way"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt3.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ペン","gloss":"pen"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Neither people nor things · Pattern 4 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Neither officer","paragraphs":["*たなかたいいも パーカーしょうさも くうぐんの しょうこうでは ありません* means \"Neither CPT Tanaka nor MAJ Parker is an Air Force officer.\""]},{"title":"Neither nor","paragraphs":["With a negative predicate, *も* after each of two subjects means \"neither\" and \"nor.\"","*これも それも えんぴつでは ありません* means \"Neither this nor that is a pencil.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt4.m1","source":"たなかたいいも パーカーしょうさも くうぐんの しょうこうでは ありません。","translation":"Neither CPT Tanaka nor MAJ Parker is an Air Force officer.","reading":"たなかたいいもパーカーしょうさもくうぐんのしょうこうではありません。","words":[{"text":"たなか","gloss":"Tanaka"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"captain"},{"text":"い","gloss":"captain"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"しょう","gloss":"major"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"major"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"くう","gloss":"Air Force"},{"text":"ぐ","gloss":"Air Force"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"Air Force"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しょうこう","gloss":"officer"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt4.m1.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt4.01","source":"これも それも あかくは ありません。","translation":"Neither this nor that is red.","reading":"これもそれもあかくはありません。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あかく","gloss":"red"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt4.01.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt4.02","source":"これも それも えんぴつでは ありません。","translation":"Neither this nor that is a pencil.","reading":"これもそれもえんぴつではありません。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt4.02.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt4.03","source":"これも それも わたくしのでは ありません。","translation":"Neither this nor that is mine.","reading":"これもそれもわたくしのではありません。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"I"},{"text":"の","gloss":"mine"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt4.03.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt4.04","source":"わたくしも あのかたも せんせいでは ありません。","translation":"Neither he nor I am a teacher.","reading":"わたくしもあのかたもせんせいではありません。","words":[{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"I"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"かた","gloss":"person"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"せんせい","gloss":"teacher"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt4.04.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt4.05","source":"これも それも きいろくは ありません。","translation":"Neither this nor that is yellow.","reading":"これもそれもきいろくはありません。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"きいろく","gloss":"yellow"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt4.05.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt4.06","source":"はくぼくも えんぴつも ながくは ありません。","translation":"Neither the chalk nor the pencil is long.","reading":"はくぼくもえんぴつもながくはありません。","words":[{"text":"はく","gloss":"chalk"},{"text":"ぼく","gloss":"chalk"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ながく","gloss":"long"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt4.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Rejecting both alternatives · Pattern 4 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Neither is an officer","paragraphs":["*いいえ、 スミスさんも パーカーさんも しょうこうでは ありません* means \"No, neither Mr. Smith nor Mr. Parker is an officer.\"","*かしかんです* means \"They are NCO's.\""]},{"title":"Neither has the property","paragraphs":["The *も* pair with a negative predicate rejects the same property for both alternatives.","*そのほんも このはこも あかくは ありません* means \"Neither that book nor this box is red.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt4.07","source":"スミスさんと パーカーさんは しょうこうですか。","translation":"Are Mr. Smith and Mr. Parker officers?","reading":"スミスさんとパーカーさんはしょうこうですか。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"しょうこう","gloss":"officers"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt4.07.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt4.08","source":"いいえ、 スミスさんも パーカーさんも しょうこうでは ありません。 かしかんです。","translation":"No, neither Mr. Smith nor Mr. Parker is an officer. They are NCO's.","reading":"いいえ、スミスさんもパーカーさんもしょうこうではありません。かしかんです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"しょうこう","gloss":"officer"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か","gloss":"NCO"},{"text":"しか","gloss":"NCO"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"NCO"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt4.08.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt4.09","source":"この あかい えんぴつと くろい ペンは あなたのですか。","translation":"Are this red pencil and black pen yours?","reading":"このあかいえんぴつとくろいペンはあなたのですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"くろい","gloss":"black"},{"text":"ペン","gloss":"pen"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"yours"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt4.09.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt4.10","source":"いいえ、 その あかい えんぴつも くろい ペンも わたくしのでは ありません。","translation":"No, neither that red pencil nor black pen is mine.","reading":"いいえ、そのあかいえんぴつもくろいペンもわたくしのではありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"くろい","gloss":"black"},{"text":"ペン","gloss":"pen"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"I"},{"text":"の","gloss":"mine"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt4.10.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt4.11","source":"この ほんと そのはこは あかいですか。","translation":"Are this book and that box red?","reading":"このほんとそのはこはあかいですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"ほんと","gloss":"book and"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"はこ","gloss":"box"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt4.11.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L009.pt4.12","source":"いいえ、 そのほんも このはこも あかくは ありません。 あおいです。","translation":"No, neither that book nor this box is red. They are blue.","reading":"いいえ、そのほんもこのはこもあかくはありません。あおいです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"ほん","gloss":"book"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"はこ","gloss":"box"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あかく","gloss":"red"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"あおい","gloss":"blue"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.pt4.12.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"くろい","gloss":"black"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Languages, names and friends · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Languages, names, and friends","paragraphs":["The words cover languages, language schools, names, and friends.","*がいこくご* means \"foreign language,\" *おなまえ* means \"name,\" and *ともだち* means \"friend.\"","*おなまえ* is the honorific form used for another person's name."]}],"lines":[{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.001","source":"がいこくご","translation":"foreign language","reading":"がいこくご","words":[{"text":"がいこくご","gloss":"foreign language"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.001.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.002","source":"がいごがっこう","translation":"foreign language school","reading":"がいごがっこう","words":[{"text":"がいごがっこう","gloss":"foreign language school"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.002.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.003","source":"えいご","translation":"English language","reading":"えいご","words":[{"text":"えいご","gloss":"English language"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.003.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.004","source":"フランスご","translation":"French ","reading":"フランスご","words":[{"text":"フランスご","gloss":"French language"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.004.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.005","source":"ドイツご","translation":"German ","reading":"ドイツご","words":[{"text":"ドイツご","gloss":"German language"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.005.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.006","source":"ロシアご","translation":"Russian ","reading":"ロシアご","words":[{"text":"ロシアご","gloss":"Russian language"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.006.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.007","source":"タイご","translation":"Thai ","reading":"タイご","words":[{"text":"タイご","gloss":"Thai language"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.007.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.008","source":"なまえ","translation":"name","reading":"なまえ","words":[{"text":"なまえ","gloss":"name"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.008.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.009","source":"おなまえ","translation":"name","reading":"おなまえ","words":[{"text":"おなまえ","gloss":"name"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.009.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.010","source":"ともだち","translation":"friend","reading":"ともだち","words":[{"text":"ともだち","gloss":"friend"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"がいこくご","gloss":"foreign language"},{"word":"がいごがっこう","gloss":"foreign language school"},{"word":"えいご","gloss":"English language"},{"word":"フランスご","gloss":"French \""},{"word":"ドイツご","gloss":"German \""},{"word":"ロシアご","gloss":"Russian \""},{"word":"タイご","gloss":"Thai \""},{"word":"おなまえ","gloss":"name"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"People, institutions and nationalities · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"People and institutions","paragraphs":["The words cover people, family relationships, institutions, and nationalities.","*おくさん* is \"madam\" or \"Mrs.\" *かない* is \"wife\" when the speaker refers to his own wife.","*こくぼうしょう* means \"Defense Department.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.011","source":"おともだち","translation":"friend","reading":"おともだち","words":[{"text":"おともだち","gloss":"friend"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.011.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.012","source":"みなさん","translation":"everybody","reading":"みなさん","words":[{"text":"みなさん","gloss":"everyone"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.012.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.013","source":"おくさん","translation":"madam; Mrs.","reading":"おくさん","words":[{"text":"おくさん","gloss":"wife"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.013.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.014","source":"かない","translation":"wife (self)","reading":"かない","words":[{"text":"かない","gloss":"my wife"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.014.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.015","source":"きょうし","translation":"teacher","reading":"きょうし","words":[{"text":"きょうし","gloss":"teacher"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.015.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.016","source":"こくぼうしょう","translation":"Defense Department","reading":"こくぼうしょう","words":[{"text":"こくぼうしょう","gloss":"Defense Department"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.016.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.017","source":"こくぼうしょう ごがっこう","translation":"Defense Language Institute","reading":"こくぼうしょうごがっこう","words":[{"text":"こくぼうしょうごがっこう","gloss":"Defense Language Institute"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.017.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.018","source":"アメリカじん","translation":"American","reading":"アメリカじん","words":[{"text":"アメリカじん","gloss":"American"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.018.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.019","source":"イギリスじん","translation":"Englishman","reading":"イギリスじん","words":[{"text":"イギリスじん","gloss":"British person"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.019.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.020","source":"にっぽんじん","translation":"Japanese","reading":"にっぽんじん","words":[{"text":"にっぽんじん","gloss":"Japanese person"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"おともだち","gloss":"friend"},{"word":"みなさん","gloss":"everybody"},{"word":"おくさん","gloss":"madam; Mrs."},{"word":"こくぼうしょう","gloss":"Defense Department"},{"word":"こくぼうしょうごがっこう","gloss":"Defense Language Institute"},{"word":"アメリカじん","gloss":"American"},{"word":"イギリスじん","gloss":"Englishman"},{"word":"にっぽんじん","gloss":"Japanese"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Nationalities and paired conjunctions · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Nationalities and paired forms","paragraphs":["The words cover nationalities, paired statements, and asking who.","*べいこくじん* means \"American,\" *--も--も--です* means \"both and,\" and *だれ* means \"who?\""]}],"lines":[{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.021","source":"べいこくじん","translation":"American","reading":"べいこくじん","words":[{"text":"べいこくじん","gloss":"American"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.021.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.022","source":"えいこくじん","translation":"Englishman","reading":"えいこくじん","words":[{"text":"えいこくじん","gloss":"British person"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.022.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.023","source":"フランスじん","translation":"Frenchman","reading":"フランスじん","words":[{"text":"フランスじん","gloss":"French person"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.023.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.024","source":"ドイツ じん","translation":"German","reading":"ドイツじん","words":[{"text":"ドイツじん","gloss":"German person"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.024.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.025","source":"ロシア じん","translation":"Russian","reading":"ロシアじん","words":[{"text":"ロシアじん","gloss":"Russian person"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.025.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.026","source":"で","translation":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"で","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.026.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.027","source":"--も--も--です","translation":"both --- and (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--も--も--です","words":[{"text":"--も--も--です","gloss":"both ... and"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.027.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.028","source":"--も--も--では ありません","translation":"neither--nor (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--も--も--ではありません","words":[{"text":"--も--も--ではありません","gloss":"neither ... nor"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.028.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L009.w.029","source":"だれ","translation":"who?","reading":"だれ","words":[{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L009.w.029.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":5,"text":"Homework Assignment\n\n1 Listen to the tape and practice pronunciation.\n\n2 Memorize the Dialogue.\n\n3 Read the Grammar Notes\n\n4 Practice reading and writing of Katakana."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"べいこくじん","gloss":"American"},{"word":"えいこくじん","gloss":"Englishman"},{"word":"フランスじん","gloss":"Frenchman"},{"word":"ドイツじん","gloss":"German"},{"word":"ロシアじん","gloss":"Russian"},{"word":"--も--も--です","gloss":"both --- and (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"--も--も--ではありません","gloss":"neither--nor (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"だれ","gloss":"who?"}],"paradigms":[]}]}