{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L094","title":"Lesson 94","stage":"Reading Japan","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 94: ear, belly and chest expressions · dialogue 2 of 4, translating expressions about hands · dialogue 3 of 4, describing unmanageable children · dialogue 4 of 4, not necessarily true · perception drill, saying what is not certain · pattern 1 1 of 3, exceptions and uncertain outcomes · pattern 1 2 of 3, questioning inevitable outcomes · pattern 1 3 of 3, meanings of body expressions · reading selection 1 of 2, translation and dangerous misunderstandings · reading selection 2 of 2, body expressions across languages · questions, hearing, style, translation, misunderstandings and uncontrollable behaviour · word list 4 of 4.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/92","lines":117},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/91","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/93","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Ear, news and debt expressions · Dialogue 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"What ears and necks express","paragraphs":["Two speakers compare Japanese expressions built from parts of the body. *耳にはいる* means \"to hear,\" while *耳が 遠い* means \"one is hard of hearing.\"","They also discuss *耳よりの 話*, \"welcome news,\" and *首が 回らない*, which describes someone immobilized by debt."]},{"title":"Kanji: ","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L094.dlg.001","source":"「耳にする」は 聞くと 言う意味ですね。外にも 何か 面白い 言い回しが ありますか。","translation":"An expression “MIMI NI SURU” means “to hear”, doesn’t it? Are there any other interesting expressions?","reading":"「みみにする」はきくといういみですね。ほかにもなにかおもしろいいいまわしがありますか。","words":[{"text":"「耳","gloss":"ear","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"する」","gloss":"do"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"聞く","gloss":"hear","reading":"きく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"意味","gloss":"meaning","reading":"いみ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"か","gloss":"some"},{"text":"面白い","gloss":"interesting","reading":"おもしろい"},{"text":"言い回し","gloss":"expression","reading":"いいまわし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L094.dlg.002","source":"同じ意味で、「耳にはいる」がありますが、面白いのは「耳が遠い」と言う言い回しで、これは 耳が よく聞えないと言う 意味です。","translation":"There is an expression “MIMI NI HAIRU” in the same sense, but an interesting expression is “MIMI GA TOOI” and this means that “one is hard of hearing.","reading":"おなじいみで、「みみにはいる」がありますが、おもしろいのは「みみがとおい」といういいまわしで、これはみみがよくきこえないといういみです。","words":[{"text":"同じ","gloss":"same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"意味","gloss":"meaning","reading":"いみ"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"in"},{"text":"「耳","gloss":"ear","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"はいる」","gloss":"enter"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"面白い","gloss":"interesting","reading":"おもしろい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"「耳","gloss":"ear","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"遠い」","gloss":"distant","reading":"とおい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"言い回し","gloss":"expression","reading":"いいまわし"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"ears","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"聞え","gloss":"hear","reading":"きこえ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"意味","gloss":"meaning","reading":"いみ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L094.dlg.003","source":"「耳よりの 話」も いいですね。なぜ「好都合で、聞きのがしたくない 話」と 言う意味に なるのか 知りませんが、何だか 日本人の 表現らしい 味が あります。","translation":"MIMI YORI NO HANASHI” is good too, isn’t it? I don’t know why it means “the news which is favorable and you don’t want to overlook,” but somehow it has a flavor of a Japanese expression.","reading":"「みみよりのはなし」もいいですね。なぜ「こうつごうで、ききのがしたくないはなし」といういみになるのかしりませんが、なんだかにほんじんのひょうげんらしいあじがあります。","words":[{"text":"「耳より","gloss":"worth hearing","reading":"みみより"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"話」","gloss":"news","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"「好","gloss":"favorable","reading":"こう"},{"text":"都合","gloss":"favorable","reading":"つごう"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"聞きのがし","gloss":"miss hearing","reading":"ききのがし"},{"text":"たく","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"話」","gloss":"news","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"意味","gloss":"meaning","reading":"いみ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"知り","gloss":"know","reading":"しり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"何","gloss":"somehow","reading":"なん"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"somehow"},{"text":"か","gloss":"somehow"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"表現","gloss":"expression","reading":"ひょうげん"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"characteristic of"},{"text":"味","gloss":"flavor","reading":"あじ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L094.dlg.004","source":"はっきりしない ところに 味が あるんですか。","translation":"Do you mean to tell me that the lack of exactness has the significance?","reading":"はっきりしないところにあじがあるんですか。","words":[{"text":"はっきり","gloss":"clearly"},{"text":"し","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"part"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"味","gloss":"significance","reading":"あじ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"has"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L094.dlg.005","source":"そう思いませんか。「首が 回らない」も 借金が 多くて、どうする 事も 出来ない 意味でしょう。","translation":"Don’t you think so? An expression “KUBI GA MAWARANAI”, too, means that one has so many debts and can’t do anything, isn’t that right?","reading":"そうおもいませんか。「くびがまわらない」もしゃっきんがおおくて、どうすることもできないいみでしょう。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"「首","gloss":"neck","reading":"くび"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"回ら","gloss":"turn","reading":"まわら"},{"text":"ない」","gloss":"not"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"借金","gloss":"debts","reading":"しゃっきん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"numerous","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"意味","gloss":"meaning","reading":"いみ"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L094.dlg.006","source":"そうですね。","translation":"You are right.","reading":"そうですね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"---TO WA KAGIRANAI or ---TO MO KAGIRANAI. Following nouns and the basic form (dictionary form) of i-adjectives, verbs, and inflected suffixes, TO WA KAGIRANAI expresses the meaning of “It does not mean ---”, “not necessarily ---”, or “It does not follow that.” When following negative expressions, TO MO KAGIRANAI is preferred. Examples: NIHON NO SHINAMONO WA MINNA YASUI TO WA KAGIRANAI. “It doesn’t necessarily mean that Japanese goods are all cheap.” NIHONJIN WA MINNA CHIISAI TO WA KAGIRANAI. “It does not follow that all the Japanese are small”. ANO HITO WA ITSUMO ASONDE IRU TO WA KAGIRANAI. “It does not mean that he is always fooling around.” SONNA KOTO GA NAI TO MO KAGIRANAI. “It does not mean that such a thing will not happen” or “It is not impossible.” HONTOO DE NAI TO MO KAGIRIMASEN. “It does not mean that it isn’t true.”"},{"section":2,"text":"---SHIKI. Following nouns SHIKI expresses the meaning of “--- style”, “type”, “fashion”, etc. Words thus formed are compound nouns. Examples: NIHONSHIKI — “Japanese style”; BEIKOKUSHIKI — “American style”; SEIYOOSHIKI HOTERU — “a hotel on the European plan”; TANAKASHIKI — “Tanaka’s way of doing things”; GENDAISHIKI — “modern type”."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"はいる」","gloss":"to enter, to go in"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"遠い」","gloss":"far"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"話」","gloss":"story, talk"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"表現","gloss":"expression"},{"word":"はっきり","gloss":"clearly"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"ところ","gloss":"place (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"「首","gloss":"neck, head"},{"word":"借金","gloss":"debt (monetary)"},{"word":"多く","gloss":"many of them"},{"word":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Belly and chest expressions · Dialogue 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Belly and chest expressions","paragraphs":["The speakers compare more body expressions. *腹が 立つ* means \"get angry,\" *腹がへる* means \"be hungry,\" and *むねがやける* means \"have heartburn.\"","Some of these expressions do not make sense when translated word for word."]},{"title":"The suffix for style","paragraphs":["In *西洋式に 考えても*, *西洋式* means \"the Western way.\"","The suffix *式* follows a noun and means \"style,\" \"type,\" or \"fashion.\" It forms a compound noun."]},{"title":"Kanji: 屈, 式","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L094.dlg.007","source":"でも、理屈は どうであるか 知りませんが、西洋式に 考えても、そんな 意味に なりそうな 気が するんです。","translation":"But, I don’t know what the logic involved is but even if you think of it in Western ways I have a feeling it is going to mean the same.","reading":"でも、りくつはどうであるかしりませんが、せいようしきにかんがえても、そんないみになりそうなきがするんです。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"理屈","gloss":"logic","reading":"りくつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"知り","gloss":"know","reading":"しり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"西洋","gloss":"Western way","reading":"せいよう"},{"text":"式","gloss":"Western way","reading":"しき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"考え","gloss":"think","reading":"かんがえ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"even"},{"text":"そんな","gloss":"such"},{"text":"意味","gloss":"meaning","reading":"いみ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"likely"},{"text":"な","gloss":"of"},{"text":"気","gloss":"feeling","reading":"き"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"する","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L094.dlg.008","source":"なるほど。","translation":"I see.","reading":"なるほど。","words":[{"text":"なるほど。","gloss":"I see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L094.dlg.009","source":"「首にする」は 日本の れきしを 勉強した 人には すぐわかりますが、「腹が 黒い」など 理屈に あいませんね。","translation":"An expression “KUBI NI SURU” is readily understandable for those who studied Japanese history, but such an expression like “HARA GA KUROI” doesn’t make sense.","reading":"「くびにする」はにほんのれきしをべんきょうしたひとにはすぐわかりますが、「はらがくろい」などりくつにあいませんね。","words":[{"text":"「首","gloss":"neck","reading":"くび"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"する」","gloss":"do"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"れきし","gloss":"history"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"「腹","gloss":"belly","reading":"はら"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"黒い」","gloss":"black","reading":"くろい"},{"text":"など","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"理屈","gloss":"logic","reading":"りくつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"あい","gloss":"fit"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L094.dlg.010","source":"「腹が 立つ」も その 一種ですね。","translation":"HARA GA TATSU” is also that type of expression, isn’t it?","reading":"「はらがたつ」もそのいっしゅですね。","words":[{"text":"「腹","gloss":"belly","reading":"はら"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"立つ」","gloss":"rise","reading":"たつ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"一種","gloss":"type","reading":"いっしゅ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L094.dlg.011","source":"そうです。「腹が へる」などはわかりやすいです。","translation":"That’s right. Such an expression like “HARA GA HERU” is easily understood.","reading":"そうです。「はらがへる」などはわかりやすいです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"「腹","gloss":"belly","reading":"はら"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"へる」","gloss":"become empty"},{"text":"など","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"やすい","gloss":"easy to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L094.dlg.012","source":"どの国の 言葉にも こうした 表現が 多いですね。「むねが やける」も 英語に すると、変では ないですか。","translation":"There are many such expressions in any language, aren’t there? Isn’t the expression “MUNE GA YAKERU” also funny when translated into English?","reading":"どのくにのことばにもこうしたひょうげんがおおいですね。「むねがやける」もえいごにすると、へんではないですか。","words":[{"text":"どの","gloss":"which"},{"text":"国","gloss":"country","reading":"くに"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"言葉","gloss":"language","reading":"ことば"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"this way"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"表現","gloss":"expressions","reading":"ひょうげん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"「むね","gloss":"chest"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"やける」","gloss":"burns"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"する","gloss":"make"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"変","gloss":"strange","reading":"へん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"being"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"理屈","gloss":"reason; pretext; argument"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"西洋","gloss":"occident, the West"},{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"なるほど。","gloss":"I see, indeed, to be sure"},{"word":"れきし","gloss":"history"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"すぐ","gloss":"right away, immediately"},{"word":"「腹","gloss":"abdomen; belly, stomach"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"一種","gloss":"a kind of; a sort of"},{"word":"へる」","gloss":"to decrease"},{"word":"やすい","gloss":"cheap"},{"word":"どの","gloss":"which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)"},{"word":"国","gloss":"country, nation"},{"word":"やける」","gloss":"burn (v.i.)"},{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"変","gloss":"odd; strange, queer"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Translating expressions about hands · Dialogue 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Expressions about hands","paragraphs":["The speakers find that some hand expressions translate directly. *手をかす* is \"to lend a hand,\" and *手を借りる* is \"to ask for a helping hand.\"","Other expressions have more than one meaning, including *手が長い* and *手を出す*."]},{"title":"A possibility remains","paragraphs":["Customs differ, so *問題を おこす 事が ないとも 限りません* says that a misunderstanding might cause trouble.","In this line, *ないとも 限りません* leaves trouble as a possibility."]},{"title":"Kanji: 直, 慣, 限","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L094.dlg.013","source":"そうです。英語では「心ぞうがやける」ですか、日本語にすると、何の事やら わかりませんね。","translation":"That’s right. In English it’s “Heart-burn” but if you translate it in Japanese you don’t know what it means.","reading":"そうです。えいごでは「しんぞうがやける」ですか、にほんごにすると、なんのことやらわかりませんね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"「心ぞう","gloss":"heart","reading":"しんぞう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"やける」","gloss":"burns"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"question"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"する","gloss":"translate"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"やら","gloss":"I wonder"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L094.dlg.014","source":"直訳は 出来ませんね。","translation":"You can’t make a direct translation.","reading":"ちょくやくはできませんね。","words":[{"text":"直訳","gloss":"direct translation","reading":"ちょくやく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L094.dlg.015","source":"ところが 手に関する 言い回しの場合には 直訳出来ますね。","translation":"However, in the case of expressions related to hands, you can make direct translations.","reading":"ところがてにかんするいいまわしのばあいにはちょくやくできますね。","words":[{"text":"ところ","gloss":"however"},{"text":"が","gloss":"however"},{"text":"手","gloss":"hands","reading":"て"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"関する","gloss":"relating","reading":"かんする"},{"text":"言い回し","gloss":"expressions","reading":"いいまわし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"場合","gloss":"case","reading":"ばあい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"直訳","gloss":"direct translation","reading":"ちょくやく"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L094.dlg.016","source":"手の場合には それが ふしぎに 多いですね。「手をかす」、「手が足りない」、「手を借りる」などね。","translation":"In the case of hands, strangely enough there are many expressions like “to lend a hand”, “short of hands”, “to ask for a helping hand”, etc.","reading":"てのばあいにはそれがふしぎにおおいですね。「てをかす」、「てがたりない」、「てをかりる」などね。","words":[{"text":"手","gloss":"hands","reading":"て"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"場合","gloss":"case","reading":"ばあい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"those"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ふしぎ","gloss":"strangely"},{"text":"に","gloss":"strangely"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"「手","gloss":"hand","reading":"て"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かす」、","gloss":"lend"},{"text":"「手","gloss":"hands","reading":"て"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"足り","gloss":"enough","reading":"たり"},{"text":"ない」、","gloss":"not"},{"text":"「手","gloss":"hand","reading":"て"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"借りる」","gloss":"borrow","reading":"かりる"},{"text":"など","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L094.dlg.017","source":"でも、風俗や 習慣が 違うのですから、とんだ 感違いで 問題を おこす 事が ないとも 限りませんね。","translation":"But, since customs and habits are different, it is possible to give rise to troubles because of terrible misunderstandings, isn’t that right?","reading":"でも、ふうぞくやしゅうかんがちがうのですから、とんだかんちがいでもんだいをおこすことがないともかぎりませんね。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"風俗","gloss":"customs","reading":"ふうぞく"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"習慣","gloss":"habits","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"違う","gloss":"differ","reading":"ちがう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"とんだ","gloss":"terrible"},{"text":"感違い","gloss":"misunderstanding","reading":"かんちがい"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"問題","gloss":"problems","reading":"もんだい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おこす","gloss":"cause"},{"text":"事","gloss":"possibility","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"限り","gloss":"necessarily","reading":"かぎり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L094.dlg.018","source":"そうです。「手が長い」、「手を出す」などには 意味が 一つだけでないから、使い方に 注意しなければ なりません。","translation":"You are right. Since such expressions like “TE GA NAGAI” and “TE O DASU” have more than one meaning, you must be careful about usage.","reading":"そうです。「てがながい」、「てをだす」などにはいみがひとつだけでないから、つかいかたにちゅういしなければなりません。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"「手","gloss":"hand","reading":"て"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"長い」、","gloss":"long","reading":"ながい"},{"text":"「手","gloss":"hand","reading":"て"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出す」","gloss":"put out","reading":"だす"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"意味","gloss":"meaning","reading":"いみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"使い","gloss":"usage","reading":"つかい"},{"text":"方","gloss":"usage","reading":"かた"},{"text":"に","gloss":"about"},{"text":"注意","gloss":"be careful","reading":"ちゅうい"},{"text":"し","gloss":"be careful"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"must"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"「心ぞう","gloss":"heart"},{"word":"か、","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"直訳","gloss":"direct translation; word for word translation"},{"word":"かす」、","gloss":"to rent, loan"},{"word":"風俗","gloss":"custom"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"とんだ","gloss":"terrible; horrible"},{"word":"感違い","gloss":"misunderstanding; misinterpretation"},{"word":"おこす","gloss":"give rise; cause (v.t.)"},{"word":"出す」","gloss":"to mail, send, take out"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"だけ","gloss":"only, just (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Describing unmanageable children · Dialogue 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Children beyond control","paragraphs":["The conversation ends with two expressions about unmanageable children. *家の 子供には 手もつけられない* means that the children are unmanageable.","*手に 合わない 子* also describes a child who is uncontrollable."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L094.dlg.019","source":"「家の 子供には 手もつけられない」なども よい言い回しです。","translation":"Such an expression like “Our children are unmanageable” is a good expression.","reading":"「いえのこどもにはてもつけられない」などもよいいいまわしです。","words":[{"text":"「家","gloss":"our home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"手","gloss":"hand","reading":"て"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"つけ","gloss":"cannot manage"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"cannot manage"},{"text":"ない」","gloss":"cannot manage"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"言い回し","gloss":"expression","reading":"いいまわし"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L094.dlg.020","source":"手に 合わない 子が 居ますね。","translation":"There are children who get out of hand, aren’t there?","reading":"てにあわないこがいますね。","words":[{"text":"手","gloss":"hand","reading":"て"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"合わ","gloss":"cannot handle","reading":"あわ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"cannot handle"},{"text":"子","gloss":"child","reading":"こ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"居","gloss":"there are","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L094.dlg.021","source":"今日は 大変 ゆかいな 勉強でした。ありがとう御ざいました。","translation":"It was a very delightful study today. Thank you very much.","reading":"きょうはたいへんゆかいなべんきょうでした。ありがとうございました。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"ゆかい","gloss":"delightful"},{"text":"な","gloss":"linking"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was"},{"text":"ありがとう","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"御","gloss":"thank you","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"い","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"thank you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.dlg.021.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L094.dlg.022","source":"どういたしまして。また いらっしゃって ください。","translation":"Not at all. Please come again.","reading":"どういたしまして。またいらっしゃってください。","words":[{"text":"どう","gloss":"you're welcome"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"you're welcome"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"you're welcome"},{"text":"て。","gloss":"you're welcome"},{"text":"また","gloss":"again"},{"text":"いらっしゃっ","gloss":"come"},{"text":"て","gloss":"come"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.dlg.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"「家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"い","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"ください。","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Not necessarily true · Perception drill","teaching":[{"title":"A claim is not necessary","paragraphs":["*ねだんの高い品物は いい とは 限らない* means \"Expensive goods are not necessarily good.\"","Here, *とは 限らない* rejects the claim that a high price necessarily means good quality."]},{"title":"A negative leaves room","paragraphs":["*とは 限らない* follows a noun, an I-adjective, or a verb in the dictionary form. It means \"not necessarily\" or \"it does not follow that.\"","After a negative expression, *とも 限らない* is preferred. *そんな事が ない とも 限りません* means \"It is not impossible that such a thing happens.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L094.gp1.01","source":"A. ねだんの高い品物は いい とは 限らない。 B. 体の大きい人は 沢山食べる とは 限らない。 C. そんな事が ない とも 限りません。","translation":"Expensive goods are not necessarily good.","reading":"A.ねだんのたかいしなものはいいとはかぎらない。B.からだのおおきいひとはたくさんたべるとはかぎらない。C.そんなことがないともかぎりません。","words":[{"text":"A.","gloss":"A"},{"text":"ねだん","gloss":"price"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"品物","gloss":"goods","reading":"しなもの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"限ら","gloss":"not necessarily","reading":"かぎら"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not necessarily"},{"text":"B.","gloss":"B"},{"text":"体","gloss":"body","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"a lot","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"限ら","gloss":"not necessarily","reading":"かぎら"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not necessarily"},{"text":"C.","gloss":"C"},{"text":"そんな","gloss":"such"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not happen"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"限り","gloss":"not necessarily","reading":"かぎり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not necessarily"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not necessarily"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L094.gp1.02","source":"米国は 金持ちの 国だね。","translation":"A person with a big body does not necessarily eat a lot.","reading":"べいこくはかねもちのくにだね。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"金持ち","gloss":"rich","reading":"かねもち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"国","gloss":"country","reading":"くに"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L094.gp1.03","source":"うん、しかし、米国人が皆 金持ちだとは 限らないよ。","translation":"It does not mean that such a thing will not happen.","reading":"うん、しかし、べいこくじんがみなかねもちだとはかぎらないよ。","words":[{"text":"うん、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"Americans","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Americans","reading":"じん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"金持ち","gloss":"rich","reading":"かねもち"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"限ら","gloss":"not necessarily","reading":"かぎら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not necessarily"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L094.gp1.04","source":"この店の 品物は 高いね。","translation":"The United States is a rich country, isn’t it?","reading":"このみせのしなものはたかいね。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"店","gloss":"store","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"品物","gloss":"goods","reading":"しなもの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L094.gp1.05","source":"うん、高いね。しかし、高いから いいとは 限らないよ。","translation":"Yes, but all the American people are not necessarily rich.","reading":"うん、たかいね。しかし、たかいからいいとはかぎらないよ。","words":[{"text":"うん、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"から","gloss":"just because"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"限ら","gloss":"not necessarily","reading":"かぎら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not necessarily"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L094.gp1.06","source":"パーカーさんは よく食べる が、中々 大きく ならないね。","translation":"Things at this store are expensive, aren’t they?","reading":"パーカーさんはよくたべるが、なかなかおおきくならないね。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"a lot"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eats","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"中々","gloss":"not easily","reading":"なかなか"},{"text":"大きく","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"grow big"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"grow big"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L094.gp1.07","source":"沢山食べるから 大きくなるとは 限らないからね。","translation":"Yes, they are. However, they are not necessarily good just because they are expensive.","reading":"たくさんたべるからおおきくなるとはかぎらないからね。","words":[{"text":"沢山","gloss":"a lot","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"大きく","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"限ら","gloss":"not necessarily","reading":"かぎら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not necessarily"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L094.gp1.08","source":"語学は、よく勉強するから 出来るとは 限らないね。","translation":"Mr. Parker eats a lot, but he doesn’t grow big, does he?","reading":"ごがくは、よくべんきょうするからできるとはかぎらないね。","words":[{"text":"語学","gloss":"language study","reading":"ごがく"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"hard"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"study"},{"text":"から","gloss":"just because"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"do well","reading":"できる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"限ら","gloss":"not necessarily","reading":"かぎら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not necessarily"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L094.gp1.09","source":"そう だね。頭が よくなければ、いくら 勉強しても 上手には なれないね。","translation":"You don’t necessarily grow big just because you eat a lot.","reading":"そうだね。あたまがよくなければ、いくらべんきょうしてもじょうずにはなれないね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"頭","gloss":"head","reading":"あたま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"good"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"いくら","gloss":"no matter how much"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"study"},{"text":"て","gloss":"study"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"proficient","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なれ","gloss":"cannot become"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"cannot become"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L094.gp1.10","source":"明日 雨が 降る だろうか。","translation":"As for language study, one does not necessarily do well just because he studies hard, isn’t that so?","reading":"あしたあめがふるだろうか。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L094.gp1.11","source":"ラジオでは 降らないと 言っていたが、降らないとも 限らないね。","translation":"You are right, if one does not have a brain, he can’t become proficient no matter how much he studies.","reading":"ラジオではふらないといっていたが、ふらないともかぎらないね。","words":[{"text":"ラジオ","gloss":"radio"},{"text":"で","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"降ら","gloss":"not rain","reading":"ふら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not rain"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"said","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"said"},{"text":"い","gloss":"said"},{"text":"た","gloss":"said"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"降ら","gloss":"not rain","reading":"ふら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not rain"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"限ら","gloss":"not certain","reading":"かぎら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not certain"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.gp1.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ねだん","gloss":"price"},{"word":"品物","gloss":"goods, merchandise"},{"word":"体","gloss":"body, health"},{"word":"うん、","gloss":"Yes, all right."},{"word":"しかし、","gloss":"however, but"},{"word":"店","gloss":"store, shop"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"中々","gloss":"considerably, very"},{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"語学","gloss":"language study"},{"word":"出来る","gloss":"to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)"},{"word":"頭","gloss":"head, mind"},{"word":"いくら","gloss":"how much? how many?"},{"word":"上手","gloss":"skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"降る","gloss":"to fall (rain) (v.i.)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ラジオ","gloss":"radio"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying what is not certain · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Generalizations allow exceptions","paragraphs":["*米国人は 皆 背が高い とは 限らない* means \"Not all Americans are tall.\" Here, *とは 限らない* rejects a generalization.","*沢山食べるから 大きくなる とは 限らない* means \"Eating a lot does not necessarily make you grow big.\" It rejects a causal conclusion."]},{"title":"A positive result remains possible","paragraphs":["*田村さんの 言う事は 本当でないとも 限らない* means \"What Mr. Tamura says may be true.\"","The negative *本当でない* with *とも 限らない* leaves open the positive result."]}],"lines":[{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.m1","source":"A. 米国人は 皆 背が高い とは 限らない。 B. 沢山食べるから 大きくなる とは 限らない。 C. 本当でない とも 限らない。","translation":"A. Not all Americans are tall. B. Eating a lot does not necessarily make you grow big. C. It may be true.","reading":"A.べいこくじんはみなせがたかいとはかぎらない。B.たくさんたべるからおおきくなるとはかぎらない。C.ほんとうでないともかぎらない。","words":[{"text":"A.","gloss":"A"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"Americans","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Americans","reading":"じん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"背","gloss":"height","reading":"せ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"tall","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"限ら","gloss":"not necessarily","reading":"かぎら"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not necessarily"},{"text":"B.","gloss":"B"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"a lot","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"大きく","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"限ら","gloss":"not necessarily","reading":"かぎら"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not necessarily"},{"text":"C.","gloss":"C"},{"text":"本当","gloss":"true","reading":"ほんとう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"限ら","gloss":"not certain","reading":"かぎら"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not certain"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.01","source":"日本の 品物は 皆安いとは 限らない。","translation":"Not all Japanese goods are cheap.","reading":"にほんのしなものはみなやすいとはかぎらない。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"品物","gloss":"goods","reading":"しなもの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"安い","gloss":"cheap","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"限ら","gloss":"not necessarily","reading":"かぎら"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not necessarily"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.02","source":"米国の女は 皆美しいとは 限らない。","translation":"Not all American women are beautiful.","reading":"べいこくのおんなはみなうつくしいとはかぎらない。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"女","gloss":"women","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"美しい","gloss":"beautiful","reading":"うつくしい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"限ら","gloss":"not necessarily","reading":"かぎら"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not necessarily"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.03","source":"安い品物は 品が悪いとは 限らない。","translation":"Cheap goods are not necessarily poor quality.","reading":"やすいしなものはしながわるいとはかぎらない。","words":[{"text":"安い","gloss":"cheap","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"品物","gloss":"goods","reading":"しなもの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"品","gloss":"quality","reading":"しな"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"poor","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"限ら","gloss":"not necessarily","reading":"かぎら"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not necessarily"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.04","source":"かぜを引かない人は 元気だとは 限らない。","translation":"People who do not catch colds are not necessarily healthy.","reading":"かぜをひかないひとはげんきだとはかぎらない。","words":[{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"colds"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"引か","gloss":"catch","reading":"ひか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"元気","gloss":"healthy","reading":"げんき"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"限ら","gloss":"not necessarily","reading":"かぎら"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not necessarily"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.05","source":"英語の上手な人は 日本語が上手になれるとは 限らない。","translation":"People who are good at English are not necessarily able to become good at Japanese.","reading":"えいごのじょうずなひとはにほんごがじょうずになれるとはかぎらない。","words":[{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good at","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"な","gloss":"linking"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"なれる","gloss":"can become"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"限ら","gloss":"not necessarily","reading":"かぎら"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not necessarily"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.06","source":"元気な人は 病気をしないとは 限らない。","translation":"Healthy people do not necessarily stay free of illness.","reading":"げんきなひとはびょうきをしないとはかぎらない。","words":[{"text":"元気","gloss":"healthy","reading":"げんき"},{"text":"な","gloss":"linking"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"限ら","gloss":"not necessarily","reading":"かぎら"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not necessarily"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.07","source":"あの生徒は よく遊ぶから 勉強しないとも 限らない。","translation":"Just because that student plays a lot does not necessarily mean that he does not study.","reading":"あのせいとはよくあそぶからべんきょうしないともかぎらない。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"a lot"},{"text":"遊ぶ","gloss":"plays","reading":"あそぶ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"just because"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"study"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"限ら","gloss":"not necessarily","reading":"かぎら"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not necessarily"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.08","source":"田村さんの 言う事は 本当でないとも 限らない。","translation":"What Mr. Tamura says may be true.","reading":"たむらさんのいうことはほんとうでないともかぎらない。","words":[{"text":"田村","gloss":"Tamura","reading":"たむら"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"says","reading":"いう"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"本当","gloss":"true","reading":"ほんとう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"限ら","gloss":"not certain","reading":"かぎら"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not certain"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"背","gloss":"back"},{"word":"女","gloss":"female"},{"word":"品","gloss":"quality, goods"},{"word":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"},{"word":"なれる","gloss":"to get used to, get accustomed"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Exceptions and uncertain outcomes · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"An exception to all","paragraphs":["Asked whether every graduate goes to Japan, the answer is *皆 日本へ 行くとは 限りません*, \"Not all of them go to Japan.\"","Here, *とは 限りません* allows exceptions to the claim about every graduate."]},{"title":"Precautions for a possibility","paragraphs":["*降らないとも 限らないから、レーンコートを 持って 行く方が いいだろう* means that it might rain, so taking a raincoat is better.","The negative *降らない* with *とも 限らない* leaves rain possible and gives the reason for the precaution."]}],"lines":[{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.09","source":"この学校の 日本語部(Japanese Dept.)の そつぎょう生は 皆 日本へ 行くのですか。","translation":"Do all the graduates of this school's Japanese Department go to Japan?","reading":"このがっこうのにほんごぶ(JapaneseDept.)のそつぎょうせいはみなにほんへいくのですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese Department"},{"text":"語部","gloss":"Japanese Department"},{"text":"(Japanese","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"Dept.)","gloss":"Department"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"そつぎょう","gloss":"graduates"},{"text":"生","gloss":"graduates"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.10","source":"いいえ、皆 日本へ 行くとは 限りません。ある そつぎょう生は 外の所へ 送られる事が あります。","translation":"No, not all of them go to Japan. Some graduates are sent to other places.","reading":"いいえ、みなにほんへいくとはかぎりません。あるそつぎょうせいはほかのところへおくられることがあります。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"限り","gloss":"not necessarily","reading":"かぎり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not necessarily"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not necessarily"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"そつぎょう","gloss":"graduates"},{"text":"生","gloss":"graduates","reading":"せい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"送ら","gloss":"are sent","reading":"おくら"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"are sent"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"sometimes"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"sometimes"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.11","source":"蚕の まゆは 皆 白いのですか。","translation":"Are all silkworm cocoons white?","reading":"かいこのまゆはみなしろいのですか。","words":[{"text":"蚕","gloss":"silkworm","reading":"かいこ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"まゆ","gloss":"cocoons"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"白い","gloss":"white","reading":"しろい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.12","source":"いいえ、皆 白いとは 限りません。きいろい のも あります。","translation":"No, they are not all white. Some are yellow.","reading":"いいえ、みなしろいとはかぎりません。きいろいのもあります。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"白い","gloss":"white","reading":"しろい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"限り","gloss":"not necessarily","reading":"かぎり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not necessarily"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not necessarily"},{"text":"きいろい","gloss":"yellow"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"there are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.13","source":"今晩 雨が 降る だろうか。","translation":"Do you suppose it will rain tonight?","reading":"こんばんあめがふるだろうか。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.14","source":"そうだね。降らないとも 限らないから、レーンコートを 持って 行く方が いいだろう。","translation":"Maybe. Since it might rain, it would be better to take a raincoat.","reading":"そうだね。ふらないともかぎらないから、レーンコートをもっていくほうがいいだろう。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"降ら","gloss":"not rain","reading":"ふら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not rain"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"限ら","gloss":"not certain","reading":"かぎら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not certain"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"レーンコート","gloss":"raincoat"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"take","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"take","reading":"いく"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.15","source":"この 薬を 飲めば 病気は きっと なおるのかね。","translation":"If I take this medicine, will I definitely get well?","reading":"このくすりをのめばびょうきはきっとなおるのかね。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"薬","gloss":"medicine","reading":"くすり"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲め","gloss":"take","reading":"のめ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きっと","gloss":"definitely"},{"text":"なおる","gloss":"get well"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.15.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.16","source":"きっと なおるとは 限らないね。なおらない 事も あるよ。","translation":"You will not necessarily get well. Sometimes people do not get well.","reading":"きっとなおるとはかぎらないね。なおらないこともあるよ。","words":[{"text":"きっと","gloss":"definitely"},{"text":"なおる","gloss":"get well"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"限ら","gloss":"not necessarily","reading":"かぎら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not necessarily"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"なおら","gloss":"not recover"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not recover"},{"text":"事","gloss":"times","reading":"こと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.17","source":"今晩は もう おそいですが、山田さんは いらっしゃるのでしょうか。","translation":"It is already late tonight, but do you suppose Mr. Yamada will come?","reading":"こんばんはもうおそいですが、やまださんはいらっしゃるのでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"今晩は","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばんは"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"おそい","gloss":"late"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いらっしゃる","gloss":"come"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.17.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"},{"word":"れる","gloss":"to be able to --\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"蚕","gloss":"silkworm"},{"word":"まゆ","gloss":"cocoon"},{"word":"きいろい","gloss":"yellow"},{"word":"きっと","gloss":"surely"},{"word":"なおる","gloss":"to get well, to be repaired"},{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"おそい","gloss":"be late"},{"word":"いらっしゃる","gloss":"to come, go (honorific verb)"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Questioning inevitable outcomes · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Certain results questioned","paragraphs":["*薬を 飲めば 病気は きっと なおりますか* asks whether medicine will definitely cure an illness.","Questions about eating, cloudy skies, expensive goods, wealth, and age also present a result as expected or certain.","An answer with the *とは 限らない* from expensive goods rejects that certainty."]},{"title":"Prepare for the opposite","paragraphs":["*いらっしゃらないとも 限らないから、夕飯の したくを しておく方がいいよ* means that he might come, so dinner should be ready.","Negative *いらっしゃらない* with *とも 限らない* supports a precaution against the opposite outcome."]}],"lines":[{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.18","source":"いらっしゃらないとも 限らないから、夕飯の したくを しておく方がいいよ。","translation":"Since he might come, it would be better to have dinner ready.","reading":"いらっしゃらないともかぎらないから、ゆうはんのしたくをしておくほうがいいよ。","words":[{"text":"いらっしゃら","gloss":"not come"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not come"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"限ら","gloss":"not certain","reading":"かぎら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not certain"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"夕飯","gloss":"dinner","reading":"ゆうはん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"したく","gloss":"preparation"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"prepare"},{"text":"て","gloss":"prepare"},{"text":"おく","gloss":"in advance"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.19","source":"薬を 飲めば 病気は きっと なおりますか。","translation":"If you take medicine, will you definitely get well?","reading":"くすりをのめばびょうきはきっとなおりますか。","words":[{"text":"薬","gloss":"medicine","reading":"くすり"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲め","gloss":"take","reading":"のめ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きっと","gloss":"definitely"},{"text":"なおり","gloss":"get well"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"get well"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.20","source":"沢山 食べれば 大きくなりますか。","translation":"If you eat a lot, will you grow big?","reading":"たくさんたべればおおきくなりますか。","words":[{"text":"沢山","gloss":"a lot","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"食べれ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべれ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"大きく","gloss":"grow big","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"grow big"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"grow big"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.20.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.21","source":"空が 曇っていれば、きっと 雨が 降りますか。","translation":"If the sky is cloudy, will it definitely rain?","reading":"そらがくもっていれば、きっとあめがふりますか。","words":[{"text":"空","gloss":"sky","reading":"そら"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"曇っ","gloss":"is cloudy","reading":"くもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is cloudy"},{"text":"いれ","gloss":"is cloudy"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"きっと","gloss":"definitely"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"rain"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.21.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.22","source":"ねだんの 高い品物は いいですか。","translation":"Are expensive goods good?","reading":"ねだんのたかいしなものはいいですか。","words":[{"text":"ねだん","gloss":"price"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"品物","gloss":"goods","reading":"しなもの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.22.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.23","source":"米国人は 皆 金持ちですか。","translation":"Are all Americans rich?","reading":"べいこくじんはみなかねもちですか。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"Americans","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Americans","reading":"じん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"金持ち","gloss":"rich","reading":"かねもち"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.23.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L094.pt1.24","source":"年よりに なると、やせますか。","translation":"Do people become thin when they grow old?","reading":"としよりになると、やせますか。","words":[{"text":"年より","gloss":"old","reading":"としより"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"やせ","gloss":"grow thin"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"grow thin"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.pt1.24.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"したく","gloss":"preparation"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Meanings of body expressions · Reading Selection 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Meanings beyond the body","paragraphs":["The passage asks for the meanings of expressions about ears, necks, and bellies. *首が 回らない* describes someone overwhelmed by debt.","*西洋式に考えても* uses the suffix *式* from *西洋式* to mean \"style\" or \"way.\"","The questions contrast an expression's established meaning with its literal words and direct translation."]}],"lines":[{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L094.rd.001","source":"「耳にする」と「耳にはいる」は 同じ意味の 言い回しですか。","translation":"Do the expressions \"to hear\" and \"to reach one's ears\" have the same meaning?","reading":"「みみにする」と「みみにはいる」はおなじいみのいいまわしですか。","words":[{"text":"「耳","gloss":"ears","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"する」","gloss":"hear"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"「耳","gloss":"ears","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"はいる」","gloss":"reach"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"同じ","gloss":"same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"意味","gloss":"meaning","reading":"いみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"言い回し","gloss":"expressions","reading":"いいまわし"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L094.rd.002","source":"これは 外の 日本語で 何と 言いますか。","translation":"How do you say this in other Japanese words?","reading":"これはほかのにほんごでなんといいますか。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"say","reading":"いい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"say"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L094.rd.003","source":"あまり耳が よく聞えないのを 何と 言いますか。","translation":"What do you call it when a person cannot hear very well?","reading":"あまりみみがよくきこえないのをなんといいますか。","words":[{"text":"あまり","gloss":"not very"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"ears","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"聞え","gloss":"can hear","reading":"きこえ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"condition"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"call","reading":"いい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"call"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L094.rd.004","source":"「耳よりの話」は 外の日本語で何と言う意味ですか。","translation":"What does \"news worth hearing\" mean in other Japanese words?","reading":"「みみよりのはなし」はほかのにほんごでなんといういみですか。","words":[{"text":"「耳より","gloss":"worth hearing","reading":"みみより"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"話」","gloss":"news","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"saying","reading":"いう"},{"text":"意味","gloss":"meaning","reading":"いみ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L094.rd.005","source":"「首が 回らない」は 何と言う意味ですか。","translation":"What does \"one's neck will not turn\" mean?","reading":"「くびがまわらない」はなんといういみですか。","words":[{"text":"「首","gloss":"neck","reading":"くび"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"回ら","gloss":"will turn","reading":"まわら"},{"text":"ない」","gloss":"not"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"saying","reading":"いう"},{"text":"意味","gloss":"meaning","reading":"いみ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L094.rd.006","source":"これは 西洋式に考えても、そんな意味になりますか。","translation":"Does it have that meaning even when you think of it in a Western way?","reading":"これはせいようしきにかんがえても、そんないみになりますか。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"西洋","gloss":"Western","reading":"せいよう"},{"text":"式","gloss":"style","reading":"しき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"考え","gloss":"think","reading":"かんがえ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"think"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"even"},{"text":"そんな","gloss":"such"},{"text":"意味","gloss":"meaning","reading":"いみ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"become"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L094.rd.007","source":"「首にする」は 日本の れきしを 勉強した人には すぐ わかりますか。","translation":"Is \"to cut off someone's head\" readily understandable to people who have studied Japanese history?","reading":"「くびにする」はにほんのれきしをべんきょうしたひとにはすぐわかりますか。","words":[{"text":"「首","gloss":"head","reading":"くび"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"する」","gloss":"cut off"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"れきし","gloss":"history"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"studied","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"studied"},{"text":"た","gloss":"studied"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"readily"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L094.rd.008","source":"「腹が黒い」とか、「腹が立つ」とかは 英語に 直訳すると、ちょっと 理屈に あいませんか。","translation":"Do expressions such as \"one's belly is black\" and \"one's belly rises\" make little sense when translated literally into English?","reading":"「はらがくろい」とか、「はらがたつ」とかはえいごにちょくやくすると、ちょっとりくつにあいませんか。","words":[{"text":"「腹","gloss":"belly","reading":"はら"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"黒い」","gloss":"black","reading":"くろい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"「腹","gloss":"belly","reading":"はら"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"立つ」","gloss":"rises","reading":"たつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"か","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"直訳","gloss":"translate literally","reading":"ちょくやく"},{"text":"する","gloss":"translate literally"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"ちょっと","gloss":"a little"},{"text":"理屈","gloss":"reason","reading":"りくつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"あい","gloss":"agree"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.rd.008.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ちょっと","gloss":"a little"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Translation and dangerous misunderstandings · Reading Selection 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Translation and misunderstanding","paragraphs":["The passage asks which hand expressions permit direct translation. It then asks whether an expression can cause trouble through *とんだ 感違い*, \"a serious misunderstanding.\"","The final question asks for an expression with the meaning of *手がつけられない*, describing children who are unmanageable."]}],"lines":[{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L094.rd.009","source":"「むねが やける」は 英語に 直訳すると、どうですか。","translation":"What happens when \"one's chest burns\" is translated literally into English?","reading":"「むねがやける」はえいごにちょくやくすると、どうですか。","words":[{"text":"「むね","gloss":"chest"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"やける」","gloss":"burns"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"直訳","gloss":"translate literally","reading":"ちょくやく"},{"text":"する","gloss":"translate literally"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L094.rd.010","source":"又 その英語を 日本語に 直訳すると、どう なりますか。","translation":"And what happens when that English is translated literally into Japanese?","reading":"またそのえいごをにほんごにちょくやくすると、どうなりますか。","words":[{"text":"又","gloss":"also","reading":"また"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"直訳","gloss":"translate literally","reading":"ちょくやく"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L094.rd.011","source":"手に 関する 言い回しの場合には 直訳出来るのが 多いですか。","translation":"Are many expressions concerning the hand able to be translated literally?","reading":"てにかんするいいまわしのばあいにはちょくやくできるのがおおいですか。","words":[{"text":"手","gloss":"hand","reading":"て"},{"text":"に","gloss":"concerning"},{"text":"関する","gloss":"concerning","reading":"かんする"},{"text":"言い回し","gloss":"expression","reading":"いいまわし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"場合","gloss":"case","reading":"ばあい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"直訳","gloss":"translate literally","reading":"ちょくやく"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"can","reading":"できる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L094.rd.012","source":"たとえば、どんな 言い回しが ありますか。","translation":"For example, what kinds of expressions are there?","reading":"たとえば、どんないいまわしがありますか。","words":[{"text":"たとえば、","gloss":"for example"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kinds of"},{"text":"言い回し","gloss":"expressions","reading":"いいまわし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L094.rd.013","source":"とんだ 感違いで 問題を おこす様な 言い回しが ありますか。","translation":"Are there expressions that could cause trouble through a serious misunderstanding?","reading":"とんだかんちがいでもんだいをおこすようないいまわしがありますか。","words":[{"text":"とんだ","gloss":"serious"},{"text":"感違い","gloss":"misunderstanding","reading":"かんちがい"},{"text":"で","gloss":"through"},{"text":"問題","gloss":"trouble","reading":"もんだい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おこす","gloss":"cause"},{"text":"様","gloss":"kind","reading":"よう"},{"text":"な","gloss":"of"},{"text":"言い回し","gloss":"expressions","reading":"いいまわし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.rd.013.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L094.rd.014","source":"それは どんな 言い回しですか。","translation":"What kind of expression is that?","reading":"それはどんないいまわしですか。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"言い回し","gloss":"expression","reading":"いいまわし"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.rd.014.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L094.rd.015","source":"家の子供には「手がつけられない」と同じ意味の 言い回しは 何ですか。","translation":"What expression has the same meaning as \"we cannot do anything with our children\"?","reading":"うちのこどもには「てがつけられない」とおなじいみのいいまわしはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"家","gloss":"our","reading":"うち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"「手","gloss":"hand","reading":"て"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"つけ","gloss":"put"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"can be"},{"text":"ない」","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"同じ","gloss":"same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"意味","gloss":"meaning","reading":"いみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"言い回し","gloss":"expression","reading":"いいまわし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.rd.015.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"たとえば、","gloss":"for instance"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Body expressions across languages · Questions","teaching":[{"title":"Body expressions across languages","paragraphs":["The account compares expressions about ears, necks, bellies, chests, and hands. Some translate directly, while others become strange or ambiguous.","*問題を おこす事が ないとも 限らない* says that cultural differences might cause trouble through misunderstanding.","An answer identifies the expression, gives its established meaning, and explains whether direct translation preserves that meaning."]}],"lines":[{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L094.q.001","source":"「耳にする」と「耳にはいる」は 同じ 意味の 言い回しで、どちらも 聞くと 言う 意味である。あまり 耳が よく 聞えない 人を「耳が 遠い」と 言う。「耳よりの話」は 好都合で、聞きのがしたくない 話と 言う 意味で、日本人の 表現らしい 味が ある。「首が 回らない」は 借金が 多くて、どうする事も 出来ないと 言う意味だが、西洋式に 考えても、そんな 意味に なる。「首にする」は 日本の れきしを 勉強した人には すぐ わかる はずである。「腹が 黒い」とか「腹が 立つ」とかは ちょっと 理屈に あわない。英語に 直訳すると 変な事に なる。その外、英語にすると 変な 言い回しが 沢山ある。たとえば、「むねが やける」である。同じ意味の 英語の 言い回しは「心ぞうが やける」です。ところが、手に 関する 言い回しの場合には、直訳出来るのが ふしぎに 多いの。「手を かす」「手が 足りない」「手を 借りる」などは そうだ。でも 風俗や 習慣が 違うのだから、とんだ 感違いで 問題を おこす事が ないとも 限らない。たとえば「手が 長い」とか「手を 出す」などは 意味が 一つだけでは ないんだから、使い方に 注意しなければ ならない。又 家の子供には「手が つけられない」とか、家の子供は「手に 合わない」などは よく 聞く 言い回しである。","translation":"The expressions \"to hear\" and \"to reach one's ears\" have the same meaning, and both mean \"to hear.\" A person who cannot hear very well is said to be \"hard of hearing.\" \"News worth hearing\" means favorable news that one does not want to miss, and it has the flavor of a characteristically Japanese expression. \"One's neck will not turn\" means that one has so many debts that one cannot do anything, but it has that meaning even when considered in a Western way. \"To cut off someone's head\" should be readily understandable to people who have studied Japanese history. Expressions such as \"one's belly is black\" and \"one's belly rises\" do not make much sense. They sound strange when translated literally into English. There are also many other expressions that sound strange in English. One example is \"one's chest burns.\" The English expression with the same meaning is \"one's heart burns.\" Strangely enough, however, many expressions concerning the hand can be translated literally. \"To lend a hand,\" \"not enough hands,\" and \"to borrow a hand\" are examples. But since customs and habits differ, a serious misunderstanding might cause trouble. For example, expressions such as \"one's hands are long\" and \"to put out one's hand\" do not have just one meaning, so you must be careful how you use them. Expressions such as \"we cannot do anything with our children\" and \"our children are too much for us to handle\" are also often heard.","reading":"「みみにする」と「みみにはいる」はおなじいみのいいまわしで、どちらもきくといういみである。あまりみみがよくきこえないひとを「みみがとおい」という。「みみよりのはなし」はこうつごうで、ききのがしたくないはなしといういみで、にほんじんのひょうげんらしいあじがある。「くびがまわらない」はしゃっきんがおおくて、どうすることもできないといういみだが、せいようしきにかんがえても、そんないみになる。「くびにする」はにほんのれきしをべんきょうしたひとにはすぐわかるはずである。「はらがくろい」とか「はらがたつ」とかはちょっとりくつにあわない。えいごにちょくやくするとへんなことになる。そのほか、えいごにするとへんないいまわしがたくさんある。たとえば、「むねがやける」である。おなじいみのえいごのいいまわしは「しんぞうがやける」です。ところが、てにかんするいいまわしのばあいには、ちょくやくできるのがふしぎにおおいの。「てをかす」「てがたりない」「てをかりる」などはそうだ。でもふうぞくやしゅうかんがちがうのだから、とんだかんちがいでもんだいをおこすことがないともかぎらない。たとえば「てがながい」とか「てをだす」などはいみがひとつだけではないんだから、つかいかたにちゅういしなければならない。またうちのこどもには「てがつけられない」とか、うちのこどもは「てにあわない」などはよくきくいいまわしである。","words":[{"text":"「耳","gloss":"ear","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"する」","gloss":"do"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"「耳","gloss":"ears","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"はいる」","gloss":"enter"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"同じ","gloss":"same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"意味","gloss":"meaning","reading":"いみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"言い回し","gloss":"expressions","reading":"いいまわし"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"are"},{"text":"どちら","gloss":"either"},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"聞く","gloss":"hear","reading":"きく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"意味","gloss":"meaning","reading":"いみ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"as"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"not very"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"hearing","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"聞え","gloss":"hear","reading":"きこえ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"「耳","gloss":"hearing","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"遠い」","gloss":"distant","reading":"とおい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う。","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"「耳より","gloss":"worth hearing","reading":"みみより"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"話」","gloss":"news","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"好","gloss":"favorable","reading":"こう"},{"text":"都合","gloss":"favorable","reading":"つごう"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is"},{"text":"聞きのがし","gloss":"miss hearing","reading":"ききのがし"},{"text":"たく","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"話","gloss":"news","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"意味","gloss":"meaning","reading":"いみ"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"as"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"表現","gloss":"expression","reading":"ひょうげん"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"characteristic"},{"text":"味","gloss":"flavor","reading":"あじ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"has"},{"text":"「首","gloss":"neck","reading":"くび"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"回ら","gloss":"turn","reading":"まわら"},{"text":"ない」","gloss":"not"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"借金","gloss":"debts","reading":"しゃっきん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"意味","gloss":"meaning","reading":"いみ"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"西洋","gloss":"Western","reading":"せいよう"},{"text":"式","gloss":"style","reading":"しき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"考え","gloss":"consider","reading":"かんがえ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"even"},{"text":"そんな","gloss":"such"},{"text":"意味","gloss":"meaning","reading":"いみ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なる。","gloss":"becomes"},{"text":"「首","gloss":"head","reading":"くび"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"する」","gloss":"make"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"れきし","gloss":"history"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"readily"},{"text":"わかる","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"should"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"「腹","gloss":"belly","reading":"はら"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"黒い」","gloss":"black","reading":"くろい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"か","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"「腹","gloss":"belly","reading":"はら"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"立つ」","gloss":"rises","reading":"たつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"か","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ちょっと","gloss":"somewhat"},{"text":"理屈","gloss":"reason","reading":"りくつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"あわ","gloss":"fit"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"直訳","gloss":"translate literally","reading":"ちょくやく"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"変","gloss":"strange","reading":"へん"},{"text":"な","gloss":"kind of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なる。","gloss":"becomes"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"外、","gloss":"besides","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"する","gloss":"make"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"変","gloss":"strange","reading":"へん"},{"text":"な","gloss":"kind of"},{"text":"言い回し","gloss":"expressions","reading":"いいまわし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"たとえば、","gloss":"for example"},{"text":"「むね","gloss":"chest"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"やける」","gloss":"burns"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"同じ","gloss":"same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"意味","gloss":"meaning","reading":"いみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"言い回し","gloss":"expression","reading":"いいまわし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"「心ぞう","gloss":"heart","reading":"しんぞう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"やける」","gloss":"burns"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"however"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"手","gloss":"hand","reading":"て"},{"text":"に","gloss":"concerning"},{"text":"関する","gloss":"concerning","reading":"かんする"},{"text":"言い回し","gloss":"expressions","reading":"いいまわし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"場合","gloss":"case","reading":"ばあい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"直訳","gloss":"translate literally","reading":"ちょくやく"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"can","reading":"できる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ふしぎ","gloss":"strangely"},{"text":"に","gloss":"so"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"の。","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"「手","gloss":"hand","reading":"て"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かす」","gloss":"lend"},{"text":"「手","gloss":"hands","reading":"て"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"足り","gloss":"enough","reading":"たり"},{"text":"ない」","gloss":"not"},{"text":"「手","gloss":"hand","reading":"て"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"借りる」","gloss":"borrow","reading":"かりる"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"で","gloss":"however"},{"text":"も","gloss":"however"},{"text":"風俗","gloss":"customs","reading":"ふうぞく"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"習慣","gloss":"habits","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"違う","gloss":"differ","reading":"ちがう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"とんだ","gloss":"serious"},{"text":"感違い","gloss":"misunderstanding","reading":"かんちがい"},{"text":"で","gloss":"through"},{"text":"問題","gloss":"trouble","reading":"もんだい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おこす","gloss":"cause"},{"text":"事","gloss":"possibility","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"that"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"限ら","gloss":"be certain","reading":"かぎら"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"},{"text":"たとえば","gloss":"for example"},{"text":"「手","gloss":"hands","reading":"て"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"長い」","gloss":"long","reading":"ながい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"か","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"「手","gloss":"hands","reading":"て"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出す」","gloss":"put out","reading":"だす"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"意味","gloss":"meanings","reading":"いみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"as"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"one"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"使い","gloss":"use","reading":"つかい"},{"text":"方","gloss":"way","reading":"かた"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"注意","gloss":"care","reading":"ちゅうい"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"will do"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"},{"text":"又","gloss":"also","reading":"また"},{"text":"家","gloss":"our","reading":"うち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"「手","gloss":"hand","reading":"て"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"つけ","gloss":"put"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"can be"},{"text":"ない」","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"家","gloss":"our","reading":"うち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"「手","gloss":"hand","reading":"て"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"合わ","gloss":"fit","reading":"あわ"},{"text":"ない」","gloss":"not"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"often"},{"text":"聞く","gloss":"hear","reading":"きく"},{"text":"言い回し","gloss":"expressions","reading":"いいまわし"},{"text":"で","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.q.001.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"どちら","gloss":"which of two (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ある。","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"かす」","gloss":"to rent, loan"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Hearing, debt and reasoning words · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Hearing, debt, and reasoning","paragraphs":["These words connect hearing with useful information. *耳に はいる* means \"hear,\" and *耳よりの 話* means \"welcome news.\"","The set also includes *西洋式*, \"Western style\" or \"Western way.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.001","source":"耳に はいる","translation":"reach one’s ear; hear","reading":"みみにはいる","words":[{"text":"耳にはいる","gloss":"reach one’s ears","reading":"みみにはいる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.001.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.002","source":"耳が 遠い","translation":"is hard of hearing","reading":"みみがとおい","words":[{"text":"耳が遠い","gloss":"hard of hearing","reading":"みみがとおい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.002.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.003","source":"耳よりの 話","translation":"welcome news","reading":"みみよりのはなし","words":[{"text":"耳よりの話","gloss":"welcome news","reading":"みみよりのはなし"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.003.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.004","source":"好都合","translation":"favorable; convenient; opportune","reading":"こうつごう","words":[{"text":"好都合","gloss":"favorable","reading":"こうつごう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.004.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.005","source":"聞きのがしたくない","translation":"don’t want to miss hearing","reading":"ききのがしたくない","words":[{"text":"聞きのがしたくない","gloss":"don't want to miss","reading":"ききのがしたくない"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.005.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.006","source":"聞きのがす","translation":"miss hearing (v.t.)","reading":"ききのがす","words":[{"text":"聞きのがす","gloss":"miss hearing","reading":"ききのがす"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.006.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.007","source":"首が 回らない","translation":"be over head and neck in debt","reading":"くびがまわらない","words":[{"text":"首が回らない","gloss":"deeply in debt","reading":"くびがまわらない"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.007.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.008","source":"味が ある","translation":"to have a flavor of --","reading":"あじがある","words":[{"text":"味がある","gloss":"have a flavor","reading":"あじがある"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.008.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.009","source":"借金","translation":"debt (monetary)","reading":"しゃっきん","words":[{"text":"借金","gloss":"debt","reading":"しゃっきん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.009.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.010","source":"理屈","translation":"reason; pretext; argument","reading":"りくつ","words":[{"text":"理屈","gloss":"reason","reading":"りくつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.010.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.011","source":"西洋式","translation":"western style, western way","reading":"せいようしき","words":[{"text":"西洋式","gloss":"Western style","reading":"せいようしき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"耳にはいる","gloss":"reach one’s ear; hear"},{"word":"耳が遠い","gloss":"to be hard of hearing"},{"word":"耳よりの話","gloss":"welcome news"},{"word":"好都合","gloss":"favorable; convenient; opportune"},{"word":"聞きのがしたくない","gloss":"don’t want to miss hearing"},{"word":"聞きのがす","gloss":"miss hearing (v.t.)"},{"word":"首が回らない","gloss":"be over head and neck in debt"},{"word":"味がある","gloss":"to have a flavor of --"},{"word":"西洋式","gloss":"western style, western way"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Style, anger and hunger words · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Style and body expressions","paragraphs":["This set joins a suffix for style with body expressions for dismissal, character, anger, hunger, and heartburn.","*---式* means \"style\" or \"type.\" *腹が 立つ* means \"get angry,\" and *むねがやける* means \"have heartburn.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.012","source":"---式","translation":"suffix meaning style (See Cult. notes)","reading":"---しき","words":[{"text":"---式","gloss":"style","reading":"---しき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.012.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.013","source":"首にする","translation":"discharge; fire from employ","reading":"くびにする","words":[{"text":"首にする","gloss":"fire from employment","reading":"くびにする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.013.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.014","source":"れきし","translation":"history","reading":"れきし","words":[{"text":"れきし","gloss":"history"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.014.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.015","source":"理屈に あいません","translation":"doesn’t follow reasoning","reading":"りくつにあいません","words":[{"text":"理屈にあいません","gloss":"does not follow reason","reading":"りくつにあいません"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.015.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.016","source":"あう","translation":"coincide; consistent with, (v.i.)","reading":"あう","words":[{"text":"あう","gloss":"be consistent with"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.016.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.017","source":"腹が 黒い","translation":"crafty; be devil hearted","reading":"はらがくろい","words":[{"text":"腹が黒い","gloss":"blackhearted","reading":"はらがくろい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.017.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.018","source":"腹が 立つ","translation":"get angry; vexing (v.i.)","reading":"はらがたつ","words":[{"text":"腹が立つ","gloss":"get angry","reading":"はらがたつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.018.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.019","source":"一種","translation":"a kind of; a sort of","reading":"いっしゅ","words":[{"text":"一種","gloss":"a kind of","reading":"いっしゅ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.019.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.020","source":"腹がへる","translation":"be hungry","reading":"はらがへる","words":[{"text":"腹がへる","gloss":"be hungry","reading":"はらがへる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.020.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.021","source":"むねがやける","translation":"have heartburn","reading":"むねがやける","words":[{"text":"むねがやける","gloss":"have heartburn"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.021.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.022","source":"変","translation":"odd; strange, queer","reading":"へん","words":[{"text":"変","gloss":"strange","reading":"へん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"---式","gloss":"suffix meaning style (See Cult. notes)"},{"word":"首にする","gloss":"discharge; fire from employ"},{"word":"理屈にあいません","gloss":"doesn’t follow reasoning"},{"word":"あう","gloss":"coincide; consistent with, (v.i.)"},{"word":"腹が黒い","gloss":"crafty; be devil hearted"},{"word":"腹が立つ","gloss":"get angry; vexing (v.i.)"},{"word":"腹がへる","gloss":"be hungry"},{"word":"むねがやける","gloss":"have heartburn"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Translation, assistance and customs words · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Translation and assistance","paragraphs":["These words cover literal translation, assistance, and customs. *直訳* means \"direct translation\" or \"word for word translation.\"","*手を かす* means \"lend a hand,\" while *手を 借りる* means \"ask for a helping hand.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.023","source":"やける","translation":"burn (v.i.)","reading":"やける","words":[{"text":"やける","gloss":"burn"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.023.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.024","source":"心ぞう","translation":"heart","reading":"しんぞう","words":[{"text":"心ぞう","gloss":"heart","reading":"しんぞう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.024.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.025","source":"(日本語を)英語にする","translation":"change (Japanese) into English","reading":"(にほんごを)えいごにする","words":[{"text":"(日本語を)英語にする","gloss":"change Japanese into English","reading":"(にほんごを)えいごにする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.025.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.026","source":"何の事やらわからない","translation":"Can’t tell what’s it all about","reading":"なんのことやらわからない","words":[{"text":"何の事やらわからない","gloss":"meaning is unclear","reading":"なんのことやらわからない"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.026.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.027","source":"直訳","translation":"direct translation; word for word translation","reading":"ちょくやく","words":[{"text":"直訳","gloss":"literal translation","reading":"ちょくやく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.027.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.028","source":"ふしぎに","translation":"mysteriously; strangely","reading":"ふしぎに","words":[{"text":"ふしぎに","gloss":"strangely"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.028.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.029","source":"手を かす","translation":"lend a hand","reading":"てをかす","words":[{"text":"手をかす","gloss":"lend a hand","reading":"てをかす"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.029.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.030","source":"手が 足りない","translation":"short of hand","reading":"てがたりない","words":[{"text":"手が足りない","gloss":"short of hands","reading":"てがたりない"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.030.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.031","source":"手を 借りる","translation":"to ask for a helping hand","reading":"てをかりる","words":[{"text":"手を借りる","gloss":"borrow a helping hand","reading":"てをかりる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.031.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.032","source":"風俗","translation":"custom","reading":"ふうぞく","words":[{"text":"風俗","gloss":"custom","reading":"ふうぞく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.032.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.033","source":"とんだ","translation":"terrible; horrible","reading":"とんだ","words":[{"text":"とんだ","gloss":"terrible"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.033.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"やける","gloss":"burn (v.i.)"},{"word":"心ぞう","gloss":"heart"},{"word":"(日本語を)英語にする","gloss":"change (Japanese) into English"},{"word":"何の事やらわからない","gloss":"Can’t tell what’s it all about"},{"word":"ふしぎに","gloss":"mysteriously; strangely"},{"word":"手をかす","gloss":"lend a hand"},{"word":"手が足りない","gloss":"short of hand"},{"word":"手を借りる","gloss":"to ask for a helping hand"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Misunderstandings and uncontrollable behaviour · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Misunderstandings and control","paragraphs":["These words cover misunderstanding, uncertain possibility, and difficult behavior. *感違い* means \"misunderstanding\" or \"misinterpretation.\"","*---ないとも限りません* means \"there might be.\" *手もつけられない* means \"unmanageable\" or \"beyond one's control.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.034","source":"感違い","translation":"misunderstanding; misinterpretation","reading":"かんちがい","words":[{"text":"感違い","gloss":"misunderstanding","reading":"かんちがい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.034.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.035","source":"おこす","translation":"give rise; cause (v.t.)","reading":"おこす","words":[{"text":"おこす","gloss":"cause"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.035.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.036","source":"---ないとも限りません","translation":"can’t assume that there is not; there might be (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"---ないともかぎりません","words":[{"text":"---ないとも限りません","gloss":"there might be","reading":"---ないともかぎりません"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.036.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.037","source":"限る","translation":"limit to (v.t.)","reading":"かぎる","words":[{"text":"限る","gloss":"limit","reading":"かぎる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.037.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.038","source":"手が 長い","translation":"arms are long; have long reach; be light-fingered; thievish","reading":"てがながい","words":[{"text":"手が長い","gloss":"long-armed or thievish","reading":"てがながい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.038.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.039","source":"手を 出す","translation":"attempt; meddle with; make advance (v.i.)","reading":"てをだす","words":[{"text":"手を出す","gloss":"attempt or meddle","reading":"てをだす"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.039.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.040","source":"手もつけられない","translation":"unmanageable; beyond one’s control; can’t handle","reading":"てもつけられない","words":[{"text":"手もつけられない","gloss":"cannot handle","reading":"てもつけられない"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.040.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.041","source":"手に 合わない","translation":"can’t handle; uncontrollable; very mischievous","reading":"てにあわない","words":[{"text":"手に合わない","gloss":"cannot handle","reading":"てにあわない"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.041.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.042","source":"ゆかいな","translation":"pleasant","reading":"ゆかいな","words":[{"text":"ゆかいな","gloss":"pleasant"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.042.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L094.w.043","source":"日本語部","translation":"Japanese Department","reading":"にほんごぶ","words":[{"text":"日本語部","gloss":"Japanese Department","reading":"にほんごぶ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L094.w.043.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":3,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\n1a Using each of the following expressions make simple dialogue.\n\n1a(1) 耳にする。\n\n1a(2) 耳にはいる。\n\n1a(3) 耳よりの話。\n\n1a(4) 腹が黒い。\n\n1a(5) 腹が立つ。\n\n1a(6) 首にする。\n\n1a(7) 手をかす。\n\n1a(8) 手に合わない。\n\n1a(9) 手がつけられない。\n\n1a(10) 手が足りない。"},{"section":4,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Memorize the expressions related to a human body and practice their usage.\n\n2 Memorize the vocabulary.\n\n3 Study Grammar Perception Drill.\n\n4 Study Pattern Practice and do the exercise following each pattern.\n\n5 Learn to read and write new Kanji.\n\n6 Read the Explanatory Notes.\n\n7 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"---ないとも限りません","gloss":"can’t assume that there is not; there might be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"限る","gloss":"limit to (v.t.)"},{"word":"手が長い","gloss":"arms are long; have long reach; be light-fingered; thievish"},{"word":"手を出す","gloss":"attempt; meddle with; make advance (v.i.)"},{"word":"手もつけられない","gloss":"unmanageable; beyond one’s control; can’t handle"},{"word":"手に合わない","gloss":"can’t handle; uncontrollable; very mischievous"},{"word":"ゆかいな","gloss":"pleasant"},{"word":"日本語部","gloss":"Japanese Department"}],"paradigms":[]}]}