{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L095","title":"Lesson 95","stage":"Reading Japan","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 95: traditional sports of japan · dialogue 1 of 4, professional and festival wrestling · dialogue 2 of 4, judo, samurai swimming and horsemanship · dialogue 4 of 4, nothing except specified choices · perception drill, saying only and nothing else · pattern 1 1 of 3, limited colours, asking about limited choices · pattern 1 3 of 3, traditional sports and wrestling · reading selection 1 of 2, history of japanese sports · questions, traditional japanese sports words · word list 1 of 3, professional and amateur wrestling words · word list 2 of 3, speed.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/93","lines":95},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/92","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/94","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Traditional sports of Japan · Dialogue 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Sports unique to Japan","paragraphs":["Two speakers discuss sports unique to Japan. *古来の ものですね。沢山 ありますよ* means \"You mean those from ancient times. We have many.\"","The examples include *けん道、じゅう道、すもう、水泳*. The speaker calls them representative sports.","*国技と 言われているのは すもうでしょう* presents sumo as the sport called Japan's national sport."]},{"title":"Kanji: 独, 泳, 技","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 古","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L095.dlg.001","source":"日本 独特の スポーツと いうのが ありますか。","translation":"Are there any sports that you would call unique to Japan?","reading":"にほんどくとくのスポーツというのがありますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"独特","gloss":"unique to","reading":"どくとく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sports"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L095.dlg.002","source":"古来の ものですね。沢山 ありますよ。たとえば、けん道、じゅう道、すもう、水泳、その他 色々 あります。","translation":"You mean those from ancient times, don’t you? We have many. For example, fencing, JUUDOO, wrestling, swimming and many others.","reading":"こらいのものですね。たくさんありますよ。たとえば、けんどう、じゅうどう、すもう、すいえい、そのほかいろいろあります。","words":[{"text":"古来","gloss":"ancient times","reading":"こらい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"from"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"things"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"たとえば、","gloss":"for example"},{"text":"けん","gloss":"Japanese fencing"},{"text":"道、","gloss":"Japanese fencing","reading":"どう"},{"text":"じゅう","gloss":"judo"},{"text":"道、","gloss":"judo","reading":"どう"},{"text":"すもう、","gloss":"wrestling"},{"text":"水泳、","gloss":"swimming","reading":"すいえい"},{"text":"その","gloss":"other"},{"text":"他","gloss":"others","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"色々","gloss":"various","reading":"いろいろ"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L095.dlg.003","source":"代表的な スポーツというのは 何でしょうか。","translation":"What do you suppose are the representative sports?","reading":"だいひょうてきなスポーツというのはなんでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"代表","gloss":"representative","reading":"だいひょう"},{"text":"的","gloss":"representative","reading":"てき"},{"text":"な","gloss":"representative"},{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sports"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L095.dlg.004","source":"今 お話ししたのは 皆 日本の代表的な ものですが、国技と 言われているのは すもうでしょう。","translation":"Those sports that I have just spoken of are all representative sports of Japan, but the so-called national sport will probably be Japanese wrestling.","reading":"いまおはなししたのはみなにほんのだいひょうてきなものですが、こくぎといわれているのはすもうでしょう。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"just now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"spoke","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"し","gloss":"spoke"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"代表","gloss":"representative","reading":"だいひょう"},{"text":"的","gloss":"representative","reading":"てき"},{"text":"な","gloss":"representative"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"国技","gloss":"national sport","reading":"こくぎ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言わ","gloss":"is called","reading":"いわ"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is called"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is called"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is called"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"すもう","gloss":"wrestling"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L095.dlg.005","source":"国技というのは その国を しょうちょうする ものですね。","translation":"A so-called national sport is a sport that will represent that country, isn’t that so?","reading":"こくぎというのはそのくにをしょうちょうするものですね。","words":[{"text":"国技","gloss":"national sport","reading":"こくぎ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"国","gloss":"country","reading":"くに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"しょう","gloss":"symbolize"},{"text":"ちょうする","gloss":"symbolize"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.dlg.005.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"--- YORI HOKA NI WA NAI. Following nouns and pronouns YORI HOKA NI WA NAI expresses the meaning of “There is nothing other than (except) ---” or “There is no one other than (except) ---.” When the subject is a living thing, IMASEN is used in place of ARIMASEN. NAI or INAI may be replaced by other negative verbs to indicate the meaning of “I don’t do anything other than ---.” In this case the negative verbs may be preceded by NANNIMO or DAREMO. Examples: SASHIMI O TABERU NO WA WATAKUSHI YORI HOKA NI WA IMASEN. “There is no one other than me that eats SASHIMI.” NIHONGO O SHITTE IRU NO WA WATAKUSHI YORI HOKA NI WA IMASENDESHITA. “There was no one other than me who knew Japanese.” WATAKUSHI GA HANASERU NO WA EIGO YORI HOKA NI WA ARIMASEN. “As for the language that I can speak, there is nothing other than English.” WATAKUSHI WA GYUUNIKU YORI HOKA NI WA NANNIMO TABEMASEN. “I don’t eat anything other than beef.” WATAKUSHI WA HIRAGANA YORI HOKA NI WA YOMEMASEN. “I can’t read anything except HIRAGANA.”"},{"section":2,"text":"SUMOO. SUMOO, the Japanese style of wrestling, in which professional giant-sized contestants, weighing 225 to 350 pounds, exert their ponderous might and fighting skill to fell or thrust their opponents out of a circular ring in matches accompanied by traditional ceremony and atmosphere is proving more popular than ever. Attention in all other sports is overshadowed by SUMOO during the five annual 15-day grand tournaments (in January, May and September at Kuramae Kokugikan in Tokyo, and in March at the Osaka Prefectural Gymnasium, and in November in Fukuoka, Kyuushuu). Millions gather before television sets to share the thrills of the matches with the 16,000 who pack the arenas."},{"section":3,"text":"JUUDOO. The sport of JUUDOO was created by Professor JIGOROO KANO and aimed at the building of strength of both body and spirit through practice of offensive and defensive art. It has made phenomenal strides in world-wide appeal. Today more than 850,000 students of the art, young and old of both sexes, as well as more than 100 foreigners train at Tokyo’s Kodokan Judo Institute, the mecca of Judoo. Together with preparatory and non-Kodokan students, the number of Japanese devotees swells to over two and a half million. The mounting international interest was crowned in May 1956 with the holding of the First World Championships in Tokyo. The Kodokan has “dan” and “kyuu” (grade and class systems) in which Judoo pupils and experts are ranked according to their skill and experience. “Dan” ranks above “kyuu”. There are ten “dans” with the lowest being the 1st “dan” and the highest the 10th “dan”. Of the “dan” holders those from 1st to 5th “dan” wear a black belt, those from 6th to 8th, a red and white striped belt and the 9th and 10th graders, a red belt. But those who hold the 6th “dan” or above may also use a black belt for convenience sake. “Kyuu” ranks below “dan”. There are five “kyuu”. The lowest is the 5th “kyuu” and the highest 1st “kyuu”. Those from the 3rd to 1st “kyuu” inclusive are to wear a brown belt, while those of the 4th and 5th “kyuu” wear a white belt."},{"section":4,"text":"KENDOO. Fencing is an art as old as Japanese history. This art developed rapidly with the rise of the military class in the 12th century. With the introduction of modern military methods, fencing was almost forgotten for a time, but was revived later as an interesting kind of gymnastic exercise and as an aid to mental discipline, particularly among students and military officers. In fencing bouts each contestant wears a face guard, a plastron to cover the trunk, and gauntlets to protect the arms and hands. Swords made of four bamboo strips 4 feet 4 inches long, of which the leather-covered handles are one foot 3 inches long, are used instead of real swords, and are held by both hands, 5 inches apart. In making a slash, one aims at the face (front or side), the trunk, or the arms; in making a thrust, at the throat of one’s opponent. When either contestant is hit in any one of these places, he is considered beaten. A match consists of three contests, the winner of two of them being the victor."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"スポーツ","gloss":"sport"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"古来","gloss":"from ancient time"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"たとえば、","gloss":"for instance"},{"word":"けん","gloss":"numerical counter for houses (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"道、","gloss":"road, street"},{"word":"すもう、","gloss":"wrestling (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"国技","gloss":"national sport"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"国","gloss":"country, nation"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"しょう","gloss":"award, reward"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Professional and festival wrestling · Dialogue 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"An ancient sport","paragraphs":["The speakers discuss the age and modern forms of sumo. *何千年も 前から あったものです* says that it existed thousands of years ago.","Professional sumo is *職業すもう* or *大すもう*. Amateurs also perform *しろうとすもう* and *みやずもう* at festivals."]},{"title":"Professional sumo","paragraphs":["*すもう* is the Japanese style of wrestling. Contestants try to fell an opponent or thrust him out of a circular ring.","Traditional ceremony accompanies five annual grand tournaments. Each tournament lasts 15 days, and millions watch on television."]},{"title":"Kanji: 職, 球","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 野, 大","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L095.dlg.006","source":"そうです。米国の 野球は 米国の 国技ですね。","translation":"That’s right. American baseball is the national sport of the United States.","reading":"そうです。べいこくのやきゅうはべいこくのこくぎですね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"野球","gloss":"baseball","reading":"やきゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"国技","gloss":"national sport","reading":"こくぎ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.dlg.006.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L095.dlg.007","source":"すもうは 古い スポーツですか。","translation":"Is Japanese wrestling an old sport?","reading":"すもうはふるいスポーツですか。","words":[{"text":"すもう","gloss":"wrestling"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"古い","gloss":"old","reading":"ふるい"},{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sport"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L095.dlg.008","source":"れきし的には 何千年も 前から あったものです。ですから、一番古い スポーツの 一つですね。","translation":"Historically it existed from over so many thousands of years ago. So, it is one of the oldest sports.","reading":"れきしてきにはなんぜんねんもまえからあったものです。ですから、いちばんふるいスポーツのひとつですね。","words":[{"text":"れきし","gloss":"history"},{"text":"的","gloss":"historical","reading":"てき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"historically"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何千","gloss":"thousands","reading":"なんぜん"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"も","gloss":"many"},{"text":"前","gloss":"ago","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"existed"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"古い","gloss":"old","reading":"ふるい"},{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sports"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L095.dlg.009","source":"すもうと 言えば、みな 職業ですか。","translation":"Speaking of Japanese wrestling, are they all professional?","reading":"すもうといえば、みなしょくぎょうですか。","words":[{"text":"すもう","gloss":"wrestling"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"speaking of","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"speaking of"},{"text":"みな","gloss":"all"},{"text":"職業","gloss":"professional","reading":"しょくぎょう"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L095.dlg.010","source":"新聞などに 大大的に 出るのは 職業すもうで、大抵 大すもうと いいます。外にも しろうとすもうとか みやずもうと 言って、しろうとが おまつり などの 時に やります。","translation":"Those that appear in newspapers on a gigantic scale are all professional wrestling, and usually call them annual wrestling matches. There are other wrestling matches such as, amateur wrestling and a wrestling tournament in honor of the tutelary god which are performed in time of festivals.","reading":"しんぶんなどにだいだいてきにでるのはしょくぎょうすもうで、たいていおおずもうといいます。ほかにもしろうとすもうとかみやずもうといって、しろうとがおまつりなどのときにやります。","words":[{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"大大","gloss":"large scale","reading":"だいだい"},{"text":"的","gloss":"large scale","reading":"てき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"出る","gloss":"appear","reading":"でる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"職業","gloss":"professional","reading":"しょくぎょう"},{"text":"すもう","gloss":"wrestling"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually"},{"text":"大","gloss":"professional"},{"text":"すもう","gloss":"wrestling"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"call"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"外","gloss":"besides"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"しろうと","gloss":"amateur"},{"text":"すもう","gloss":"wrestling"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"か","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"みや","gloss":"festival"},{"text":"ずもう","gloss":"wrestling"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"called"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"called"},{"text":"しろうと","gloss":"amateurs"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"まつり","gloss":"festivals"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.dlg.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"野球","gloss":"baseball"},{"word":"すもう","gloss":"wrestling (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"古い","gloss":"old, antique"},{"word":"れきし","gloss":"history"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"前","gloss":"before, front"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"職業","gloss":"occupation"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"出る","gloss":"come out to the phone, go out, come out (vi)"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"しろうと","gloss":"amateur"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Judo, fencing and swimming · Dialogue 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Judo around the world","paragraphs":["*世界的に なったものは じゅう道より 外には ありません* says that judo alone among these sports became international.","Professor *JIGOROO KANO* created *じゅう道* to build strength of body and spirit through attack and defense.","Its center is the Kodokan Judo Institute in Tokyo. The First World Championships took place in Tokyo in May 1956."]},{"title":"Japanese fencing and swimming","paragraphs":["*けん道は 外国には ふきゅうしていません* says that Japanese fencing has not spread abroad.","*けん道* developed with the military class in the 12th century. In fencing bouts, contestants wear protection and use swords made from bamboo strips.","*それは かたで、スピードの きょうそう というのでは ありません* describes traditional swimming as form rather than a speed contest."]}],"lines":[{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L095.dlg.011","source":"じゅう道は 世界的に なりましたね。","translation":"JUUDOO has become world-wide, hasn’t it?","reading":"じゅうどうはせかいてきになりましたね。","words":[{"text":"じゅう","gloss":"judo"},{"text":"道","gloss":"judo","reading":"どう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"世界","gloss":"world","reading":"せかい"},{"text":"的","gloss":"worldwide","reading":"てき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"worldwide"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L095.dlg.012","source":"そうです。日本 独特の スポーツで、世界的に なったものは じゅう道より 外には ありません。けん道は 外国には ふきゅうしていません。","translation":"Yes, it has. Among the sports unique to Japan, there is no sport other than JUDOO that has become world-wide. Japanese fencing has not become popular in other countries.","reading":"そうです。にほんどくとくのスポーツで、せかいてきになったものはじゅうどうよりほかにはありません。けんどうはがいこくにはふきゅうしていません。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"独特","gloss":"unique to","reading":"どくとく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sports"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"among"},{"text":"世界","gloss":"world","reading":"せかい"},{"text":"的","gloss":"worldwide","reading":"てき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"worldwide"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"じゅう","gloss":"judo"},{"text":"道","gloss":"judo","reading":"どう"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"},{"text":"けん","gloss":"Japanese fencing"},{"text":"道","gloss":"Japanese fencing","reading":"どう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign countries","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ふきゅう","gloss":"become widespread"},{"text":"し","gloss":"become widespread"},{"text":"て","gloss":"become widespread"},{"text":"い","gloss":"become widespread"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.dlg.012.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L095.dlg.013","source":"日本 独特の 水泳と いうのは どんな ものですか。","translation":"What sort of swimming is that which is unique to Japan?","reading":"にほんどくとくのすいえいというのはどんなものですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"独特","gloss":"unique to","reading":"どくとく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"水泳","gloss":"swimming","reading":"すいえい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L095.dlg.014","source":"それは かたで、スピードの きょうそう というのでは ありません。","translation":"It is a style or form and it isn’t speed competition.","reading":"それはかたで、スピードのきょうそうというのではありません。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かた","gloss":"form"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is"},{"text":"スピード","gloss":"speed"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"きょう","gloss":"competition"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"competition"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"で","gloss":"case"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L095.dlg.015","source":"かた ばかり なんですか。","translation":"Only form?","reading":"かたばかりなんですか。","words":[{"text":"かた","gloss":"form"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.dlg.015.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"道","gloss":"road, street"},{"word":"より","gloss":"than (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"い","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"かた","gloss":"style; shape; model"},{"word":"スピード","gloss":"speed"},{"word":"ばかり","gloss":"about"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Samurai swimming and horsemanship · Dialogue 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Samurai skills as sports","paragraphs":["*むかし さむらいが 戦争の 時 泳いで 川を わたったりした* describes samurai swimming across rivers during wars.","Those methods survive as swimming forms. *むかし さむらいの 間では 必要でしたから 皆 習ったのです* says every samurai learned horsemanship because it was necessary.","Horsemanship for recreation is recent. These old skills now remain as pure sports."]},{"title":"Kanji: 目, 馬","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L095.dlg.016","source":"いいえ、実用的というのが 目的で、むかし さむらいが 戦争の 時 泳いで 川を わたったりしたのが かたになって 今に のこっているのです。","translation":"No, its purpose is the practicality and the warriors swam across the rivers during the wars in the olden days and that is remaining even at present as swimming forms.","reading":"いいえ、じつようてきというのがもくてきで、むかしさむらいがせんそうのときおよいでかわをわたったりしたのがかたになっていまにのこっているのです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"実用","gloss":"practical","reading":"じつよう"},{"text":"的","gloss":"practical","reading":"てき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"目的","gloss":"purpose","reading":"もくてき"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is"},{"text":"むかし","gloss":"long ago"},{"text":"さむらい","gloss":"warriors"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"戦争","gloss":"war","reading":"せんそう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time"},{"text":"泳い","gloss":"swam"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"川","gloss":"river","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"わたっ","gloss":"crossed"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"し","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"what"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"かた","gloss":"form"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て","gloss":"became"},{"text":"今","gloss":"present","reading":"いま"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"のこっ","gloss":"remains"},{"text":"て","gloss":"remains"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"remains"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L095.dlg.017","source":"馬じゅつ などは 新しいのですか。","translation":"Is horsemanship something new?","reading":"ばじゅつなどはあたらしいのですか。","words":[{"text":"馬","gloss":"horsemanship","reading":"ば"},{"text":"じゅ","gloss":"horsemanship"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"horsemanship"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L095.dlg.018","source":"いいえ、むかし さむらいの 間では 必要でしたから 皆 習ったのです。今日の 様に ごらくとしての 馬じゅつは ごく さい近のものです。","translation":"No, it was necessary for warriors in the olden days, so all the warriors learned it. Horsemanship as a pleasure like today is a very recent development.","reading":"いいえ、むかしさむらいのあいだではひつようでしたからみなならったのです。こんにちのようにごらくとしてのばじゅつはごくさいきんのものです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"むかし","gloss":"long ago"},{"text":"さむらい","gloss":"warriors"},{"text":"の","gloss":"among"},{"text":"間","gloss":"among"},{"text":"で","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"必要","gloss":"necessary","reading":"ひつよう"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"learned","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"こんにち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"様","gloss":"way","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"like"},{"text":"ごらく","gloss":"recreation"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"馬","gloss":"horsemanship","reading":"ば"},{"text":"じゅ","gloss":"horsemanship"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"horsemanship"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ごく","gloss":"very"},{"text":"さい","gloss":"recent"},{"text":"近","gloss":"recent","reading":"きん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"development"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.dlg.018.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L095.dlg.019","source":"では、それらは ゆみ などと 同じ様に 古いものですね。","translation":"Then, those are something antique like a bow and arrow, isn’t that so?","reading":"では、それらはゆみなどとおなじようにふるいものですね。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"those"},{"text":"ら","gloss":"those"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ゆみ","gloss":"archery"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"同じ","gloss":"same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"様","gloss":"way","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"古い","gloss":"old","reading":"ふるい"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"things"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L095.dlg.020","source":"そうです。それが 今では じゅんすいな スポーツとして のこっているのです。","translation":"Yes, that’s right. They are remaining today as pure sports.","reading":"そうです。それがいまではじゅんすいなスポーツとしてのこっているのです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"those"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"今","gloss":"today","reading":"いま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"じゅんすい","gloss":"pure"},{"text":"な","gloss":"pure"},{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sports"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"remain"},{"text":"て","gloss":"remain"},{"text":"のこっ","gloss":"remain"},{"text":"て","gloss":"remain"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"remain"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.dlg.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"目的","gloss":"aim; objective"},{"word":"むかし","gloss":"ancient, old"},{"word":"さむらい","gloss":"warrior, SAMURAI"},{"word":"川","gloss":"river"},{"word":"馬","gloss":"horse"},{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"ごらく","gloss":"amusement, recreation"},{"word":"ごく","gloss":"very"},{"word":"ゆみ","gloss":"bow; archery"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Nothing except specified choices · Perception drill","teaching":[{"title":"Only the named choice","paragraphs":["*ジョンズさんは ビールより外には 何も 飲まないんだ* means \"Mr. Jones drinks nothing other than beer.\"","The noun before *より外には* names the exception. A negative verb excludes every other choice."]},{"title":"Things, people, and actions","paragraphs":["After a noun or pronoun, *より外には* with *ない* means \"there is nothing other than\" the named choice.","A living subject takes *居ない*. *日本の 新聞が 読めるのは パーカーさん より外には 居ないだろう* says that probably no one except Mr. Parker can read a Japanese newspaper.","Another negative verb can replace *ない*. *何も* may come before that verb."]}],"lines":[{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L095.gp1.01","source":"A. この店には 日本のざっし より外には ない。 B. この学校には 男の生徒 より外には 居ない。 C. は 英語 より外には 話せない。","translation":"There is nothing other than Japanese magazines at this store.","reading":"A.このみせにはにほんのざっしよりほかにはない。B.このがっこうにはおとこのせいとよりほかにはいない。C.はえいごよりほかにははなせない。","words":[{"text":"A.","gloss":"example A"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"店","gloss":"store","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazines"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"do not exist"},{"text":"B.","gloss":"example B"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"男","gloss":"male","reading":"おとこ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"居","gloss":"exist","reading":"い"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"},{"text":"C.","gloss":"example C"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"話せ","gloss":"can speak","reading":"はなせ"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L095.gp1.02","source":"この へやの 生徒は 日本の 新聞が 読める だろうか。","translation":"There are no students except men students at this school.","reading":"このへやのせいとはにほんのしんぶんがよめるだろうか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"へや","gloss":"room"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読める","gloss":"can read","reading":"よめる"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L095.gp1.03","source":"そうだね。日本の 新聞が 読めるのは パーカーさん より外には 居ないだろう。","translation":"I can’t speak anything other than English.","reading":"そうだね。にほんのしんぶんがよめるのはパーカーさんよりほかにはいないだろう。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that seems so"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読める","gloss":"can read","reading":"よめる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"居","gloss":"exist","reading":"い"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L095.gp1.04","source":"君は 肉は 何でも 食べるのかね。","translation":"Do you think the students in this room can read a Japanese newspaper?","reading":"きみはにくはなんでもたべるのかね。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"肉","gloss":"meat","reading":"にく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"any","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"kind"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L095.gp1.05","source":"僕が食べるのは 牛肉と ぶた肉より外には ないんだ。","translation":"Well, I suppose there is no one other than Mr. Parker who can read a Japanese newspaper.","reading":"ぼくがたべるのはぎゅうにくとぶたにくよりほかにはないんだ。","words":[{"text":"僕","gloss":"I","reading":"ぼく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"牛肉","gloss":"beef","reading":"ぎゅうにく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ぶた肉","gloss":"pork"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"do not exist"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L095.gp1.06","source":"ジョンズさんは 酒が 飲める だろうか。","translation":"Do you eat any kinds of meat?","reading":"ジョンズさんはさけがのめるだろうか。","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"酒","gloss":"alcohol","reading":"さけ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲める","gloss":"can drink","reading":"のめる"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L095.gp1.07","source":"いいえ、ジョンズさんは ビールより外には 何も 飲まないんだ。","translation":"As for the meat that I eat, there is nothing other than beef and pork.","reading":"いいえ、ジョンズさんはビールよりほかにはなにものまないんだ。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ビール","gloss":"beer"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なに"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"飲ま","gloss":"drink","reading":"のま"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L095.gp1.08","source":"君は どんな 運動を するのかね。","translation":"Mr. Jones can drink, can’t he?","reading":"きみはどんなうんどうをするのかね。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"運動","gloss":"sports","reading":"うんどう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L095.gp1.09","source":"ゴルフだけ だ。ゴルフより外には 何も やらない。","translation":"No, Mr. Jones doesn’t drink anything except beer.","reading":"ゴルフだけだ。ゴルフよりほかにはなにもやらない。","words":[{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なに"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"やら","gloss":"play"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L095.gp1.10","source":"君は 外国語が 出来るのか。","translation":"What kind of sports do you do?","reading":"きみはがいこくごができるのか。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"語","gloss":"languages","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"can speak","reading":"できる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L095.gp1.11","source":"日本語だけ だ。日本語より外には 話せないんだ。","translation":"Only golf. I don’t play anything other than golf.","reading":"にほんごだけだ。にほんごよりほかにははなせないんだ。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"話せ","gloss":"can speak","reading":"はなせ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.gp1.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"店","gloss":"store, shop"},{"word":"男","gloss":"male"},{"word":"へや","gloss":"room"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"君","gloss":"suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)"},{"word":"肉","gloss":"meat, flesh"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"僕","gloss":"I (see notes)"},{"word":"牛肉","gloss":"beef"},{"word":"ぶた肉","gloss":"pork"},{"word":"酒","gloss":"Sake, rice wine"},{"word":"ビール","gloss":"beer"},{"word":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"word":"だけ","gloss":"only, just (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"出来る","gloss":"to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying only and nothing else · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"The only named thing","paragraphs":["*私が食べられる物は やさいより外には ない* means \"The only thing I can eat is vegetables.\"","The *より外には* pattern places the named thing before the negative predicate."]},{"title":"The only person or action","paragraphs":["*日本語が出来るのは スミスさんより外には 居ない* uses *居ない* because the exception is a person.","*僕は この町では ジョンズさんより外には だれも 知らない* uses *だれも 知らない* to exclude every other person."]}],"lines":[{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.m1","source":"A. 日本 独特の スポーツで 世界的に なったものは じゅう道 より外には ありません。 B. けん道が出来るのは 田中さん より外には 居ません。 C. 私は このごろ 牛にゅう より外には 何も 飲みません。","translation":"A. Of the sports unique to Japan, judo is the only one that has become international. B. Mr. Tanaka is the only person who can do kendo. C. These days, I drink nothing but milk.","reading":"A.にほんどくとくのスポーツでせかいてきになったものはじゅうどうよりほかにはありません。B.けんどうができるのはたなかさんよりほかにはいません。C.わたくしはこのごろぎゅうにゅうよりほかにはなにものみません。","words":[{"text":"A.","gloss":"example A"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"独特","gloss":"unique to","reading":"どくとく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sports"},{"text":"で","gloss":"among"},{"text":"世界","gloss":"world","reading":"せかい"},{"text":"的","gloss":"worldwide","reading":"てき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"worldwide"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"じゅう","gloss":"judo"},{"text":"道","gloss":"judo","reading":"どう"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"},{"text":"B.","gloss":"example B"},{"text":"けん","gloss":"Japanese fencing"},{"text":"道","gloss":"Japanese fencing","reading":"どう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"can do","reading":"できる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"居","gloss":"exist","reading":"い"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"},{"text":"C.","gloss":"example C"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"このごろ","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"牛にゅう","gloss":"milk","reading":"ぎゅうにゅう"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なに"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"飲み","gloss":"drink","reading":"のみ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.01","source":"私が食べられる物は やさいより外には ない。","translation":"The only thing I can eat is vegetables.","reading":"わたくしがたべられるものはやさいよりほかにはない。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"られる","gloss":"can eat"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やさい","gloss":"vegetables"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"do not exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.02","source":"日本語が出来るのは スミスさんより外には 居ない。","translation":"Mr. Smith is the only person who can speak Japanese.","reading":"にほんごができるのはスミスさんよりほかにはいない。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"can speak","reading":"できる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"居","gloss":"exist","reading":"い"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.03","source":"この町には 日本の店は 食料品店より外には ない。","translation":"The only Japanese store in this town is a grocery store.","reading":"このまちにはにほんのみせはしょくりょうひんてんよりほかにはない。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"店","gloss":"store","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"食料","gloss":"grocery store"},{"text":"品","gloss":"grocery store"},{"text":"店","gloss":"grocery store"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"do not exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.04","source":"しな語には かん字より外には ない。","translation":"Chinese has no writing other than Chinese characters.","reading":"しなごにはかんじよりほかにはない。","words":[{"text":"しな","gloss":"Chinese"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Chinese language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"Chinese characters"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"do not exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.05","source":"田村さんは 日本料理より外には 食べない。","translation":"Mr. Tamura eats nothing but Japanese food.","reading":"たむらさんはにほんりょうりよりほかにはたべない。","words":[{"text":"田村","gloss":"Tamura","reading":"たむら"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"料理","gloss":"food","reading":"りょうり"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.06","source":"パーカーさんは 英語より外には 話せない。","translation":"Mr. Parker cannot speak anything but English.","reading":"パーカーさんはえいごよりほかにははなせない。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"話せ","gloss":"can speak","reading":"はなせ"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.07","source":"僕は この町では ジョンズさんより外には だれも 知らない。","translation":"Mr. Jones is the only person I know in this town.","reading":"ぼくはこのまちではジョンズさんよりほかにはだれもしらない。","words":[{"text":"僕","gloss":"I","reading":"ぼく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"anyone"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"知ら","gloss":"know","reading":"しら"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"牛にゅう","gloss":"milk"},{"word":"やさい","gloss":"vegetable"},{"word":"町","gloss":"town"},{"word":"品","gloss":"quality, goods"},{"word":"だれ","gloss":"who?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Limited colours, drinks and writing · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"One kind of writing","paragraphs":["*しな語には かん字より 外には ないんだ* means \"Chinese has nothing other than Chinese characters.\"","The named kind of writing comes before *より 外には*. The negative ending excludes other kinds."]},{"title":"One or several choices","paragraphs":["*黒いのと 茶色の 外には 御ざいません* names two choices, black ones and brown ones.","*牛にゅうの 外には まだ何も 飲めないのです* names only milk. *何も 飲めない* excludes every other drink."]}],"lines":[{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.08","source":"僕は 昨晩 かん字より外には 何も 勉強しなかった。","translation":"Last night I studied nothing but Chinese characters.","reading":"ぼくはさくばんかんじよりほかにはなにもべんきょうしなかった。","words":[{"text":"僕","gloss":"I","reading":"ぼく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"昨晩","gloss":"last night","reading":"さくばん"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"Chinese characters","reading":"かんじ"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なに"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.09","source":"しな語にも ひらがなが あるのかね。","translation":"Does Chinese have hiragana too?","reading":"しなごにもひらがながあるのかね。","words":[{"text":"しな","gloss":"Chinese"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Chinese language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ひらがな","gloss":"hiragana"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.10","source":"いいえ、しな語には かん字より 外には ないんだ。","translation":"No, Chinese has nothing but Chinese characters.","reading":"いいえ、しなごにはかんじよりほかにはないんだ。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"しな","gloss":"Chinese"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Chinese language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"Chinese characters"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"do not exist"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.11","source":"白いくつが ほしいんだが、あるかね。","translation":"I want some white shoes; do you have any?","reading":"しろいくつがほしいんだが、あるかね。","words":[{"text":"白","gloss":"white shoes","reading":"しろ"},{"text":"いく","gloss":"white shoes"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"white shoes"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ほしい","gloss":"want"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.12","source":"白いのは あいにく 皆 売り切れて います。今のところ 黒いのと 茶色の 外には 御ざいません。","translation":"Unfortunately, all the white ones are sold out. At present, we have only black and brown ones.","reading":"しろいのはあいにくみなうりきれています。いまのところくろいのとちゃいろのほかにはございません。","words":[{"text":"白い","gloss":"white","reading":"しろい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あいにく","gloss":"unfortunately"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"売り切れ","gloss":"sold out","reading":"うりきれ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"sold out"},{"text":"い","gloss":"sold out"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"sold out"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"present"},{"text":"黒い","gloss":"black","reading":"くろい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"茶色","gloss":"brown","reading":"ちゃいろ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other than","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"御","gloss":"exist","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"い","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.13","source":"長い間 御病気だった そうですが、もう お酒が 飲めるように なりましたか。","translation":"I hear you were ill for a long time; are you able to drink alcohol now?","reading":"ながいあいだごびょうきだったそうですが、もうおさけがのめるようになりましたか。","words":[{"text":"長い","gloss":"long"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time"},{"text":"御","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness"},{"text":"だっ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"now"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"酒","gloss":"alcohol","reading":"さけ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲める","gloss":"can drink","reading":"のめる"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"able to"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.14","source":"いいえ、牛にゅうの 外には まだ何も 飲めないのです。","translation":"No, I still cannot drink anything but milk.","reading":"いいえ、ぎゅうにゅうのほかにはまだなにものめないのです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"牛にゅう","gloss":"milk","reading":"ぎゅうにゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other than","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なに"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"飲め","gloss":"can drink","reading":"のめ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.15","source":"君は たばこを やめたのか。","translation":"Have you given up smoking?","reading":"きみはたばこをやめたのか。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"たばこ","gloss":"cigarettes"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やめ","gloss":"quit"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ひらがな","gloss":"HIRAGANA syllabary"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"だ。","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ほしい","gloss":"want, wish (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"あいにく","gloss":"unfortunately"},{"word":"ところ","gloss":"place (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"よう","gloss":"get intoxicated; get drunk; get seasick (v.i.)"},{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"たばこ","gloss":"tobacco, cigarette"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking about limited choices · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A question about choices","paragraphs":["*君の 学校では ロシヤ語を 教えているのか* asks whether the school teaches Russian.","The answer can identify the languages that the school teaches and exclude all others."]},{"title":"The available languages","paragraphs":["*フランス語と スペイン語の 外には 教えていないよ* means \"They teach only French and Spanish.\"","One or more choices come before *外には*. The negative verb then excludes every unnamed choice."]}],"lines":[{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.16","source":"うん、葉まきより 外には のまない 事に した。","translation":"Yes, I have decided not to smoke anything but cigars.","reading":"うん、はまきよりほかにはのまないことにした。","words":[{"text":"うん、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"葉","gloss":"cigars","reading":"は"},{"text":"まき","gloss":"cigars"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"のま","gloss":"smoke"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"事","gloss":"decision","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"し","gloss":"decided"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.17","source":"君の 学校では ロシヤ語を 教えているのか。","translation":"Do they teach Russian at your school?","reading":"きみのがっこうではロシヤごをおしえているのか。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ロシヤ","gloss":"Russian"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Russian language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"教え","gloss":"teach","reading":"おしえ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"teach"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"teach"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.17.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.18","source":"いや、フランス語と スペイン語の 外には 教えていないよ。","translation":"No, they teach only French and Spanish.","reading":"いや、フランスごとスペインごのほかにはおしえていないよ。","words":[{"text":"いや、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"フランス","gloss":"French"},{"text":"語","gloss":"French language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"スペイン","gloss":"Spanish"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Spanish language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other than","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"教え","gloss":"teach","reading":"おしえ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"teach"},{"text":"い","gloss":"teach"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.19","source":"あなたは 外国語が 出来ますか。","translation":"Can you speak any foreign languages?","reading":"あなたはがいこくごができますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign language","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"語","gloss":"foreign language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can speak","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.20","source":"あなたは やさいは 何でも 食べますか。","translation":"Do you eat all kinds of vegetables?","reading":"あなたはやさいはなんでもたべますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やさい","gloss":"vegetables"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"all kinds","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"all kinds"},{"text":"も","gloss":"all kinds"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.20.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.21","source":"しな語には かん字も ひらがなも ありますか。","translation":"Does Chinese have both Chinese characters and hiragana?","reading":"しなごにはかんじもひらがなもありますか。","words":[{"text":"しな","gloss":"Chinese"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Chinese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"Chinese characters"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ひらがな","gloss":"hiragana"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.21.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.22","source":"日本 独特の スポーツで 世界的に なっている スポーツが 沢山 ありますか。","translation":"Are there many sports unique to Japan that have become international?","reading":"にほんどくとくのスポーツでせかいてきになっているスポーツがたくさんありますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"独特","gloss":"unique","reading":"どくとく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sports"},{"text":"で","gloss":"among"},{"text":"世界","gloss":"international","reading":"せかい"},{"text":"的","gloss":"international","reading":"てき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"internationally"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"have become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have become"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"have become"},{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sports"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.22.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L095.pt1.23","source":"あなたの 教室には 外国人の 生徒が 居ますか。","translation":"Are there any foreign students in your classroom?","reading":"あなたのきょうしつにはがいこくじんのせいとがいますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"教室","gloss":"classroom","reading":"きょうしつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"人","gloss":"foreign","reading":"じん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"foreign"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"居","gloss":"are present","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.pt1.23.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"うん、","gloss":"Yes, all right."},{"word":"いや、","gloss":"no"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Traditional sports and wrestling · Reading Selection 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Sumo and judo","paragraphs":["The questions cover Japan's representative sports, the age and forms of sumo, and judo's international reach.","*今日の すもうは 皆 職業すもうですか* means \"Is all sumo today professional sumo?\" An answer distinguishes professional sumo from amateur and festival forms.","*日本独特の スポーツで 世界的になったものは何ですか* asks which sport became international. The answer names judo."]}],"lines":[{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L095.rd.001","source":"日本独特の スポーツで代表的なものは 何ですか。","translation":"What are the representative sports unique to Japan?","reading":"にほんどくとくのスポーツでだいひょうてきなものはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"独特","gloss":"unique","reading":"どくとく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sports"},{"text":"で","gloss":"among"},{"text":"代表","gloss":"representative","reading":"だいひょう"},{"text":"的","gloss":"representative","reading":"てき"},{"text":"な","gloss":"representative"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L095.rd.002","source":"すもうは 新しい スポーツですか。","translation":"Is sumo a new sport?","reading":"すもうはあたらしいスポーツですか。","words":[{"text":"すもう","gloss":"sumo"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sport"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L095.rd.003","source":"今日の すもうは 皆 職業すもうですか。","translation":"Is all sumo today professional sumo?","reading":"こんにちのすもうはみなしょくぎょうすもうですか。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"こんにち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"すもう","gloss":"sumo"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"職業","gloss":"professional sumo","reading":"しょくぎょう"},{"text":"すもう","gloss":"professional sumo"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L095.rd.004","source":"しろうとすもうは どんな時に やりますか。","translation":"On what occasions is amateur sumo performed?","reading":"しろうとすもうはどんなときにやりますか。","words":[{"text":"しろうと","gloss":"amateur sumo"},{"text":"すもう","gloss":"amateur sumo"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"時","gloss":"occasions","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"performed"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L095.rd.005","source":"日本独特の スポーツで 世界的になったものは何ですか。","translation":"Which sport unique to Japan has become international?","reading":"にほんどくとくのスポーツでせかいてきになったものはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"独特","gloss":"unique","reading":"どくとく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sports"},{"text":"で","gloss":"among"},{"text":"世界","gloss":"international","reading":"せかい"},{"text":"的","gloss":"international","reading":"てき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"internationally"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.rd.005.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Judo, swimming and horsemanship · Reading Selection 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"International and traditional sports","paragraphs":["The questions contrast judo's international popularity with kendo's limited spread abroad.","*日本独特の 水泳と言うのは どんなものですか* asks what traditional Japanese swimming is like. The answer describes set forms rather than speed competition.","The final questions ask when horsemanship became a sport and who learned it in the past."]}],"lines":[{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L095.rd.006","source":"じゅう道は 日本ばかりでなく、どこでさかんですか。","translation":"Besides Japan, where is judo popular?","reading":"じゅうどうはにほんばかりでなく、どこでさかんですか。","words":[{"text":"じゅう","gloss":"judo"},{"text":"道","gloss":"judo","reading":"どう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"さかん","gloss":"popular"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L095.rd.007","source":"日本の けん道は 外国に ふきゅうしていますか。","translation":"Has Japanese kendo spread to foreign countries?","reading":"にほんのけんどうはがいこくにふきゅうしていますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"けん","gloss":"kendo"},{"text":"道","gloss":"kendo","reading":"どう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign countries","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"ふきゅう","gloss":"has spread"},{"text":"し","gloss":"has spread"},{"text":"て","gloss":"has spread"},{"text":"い","gloss":"has spread"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L095.rd.008","source":"日本独特の 水泳と言うのは どんなものですか。","translation":"What is the swimming unique to Japan like?","reading":"にほんどくとくのすいえいというのはどんなものですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"独特","gloss":"unique","reading":"どくとく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"水泳","gloss":"swimming","reading":"すいえい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L095.rd.009","source":"スポーツとしての 馬じゅつは むかしから ありましたか。","translation":"Has horsemanship as a sport existed since ancient times?","reading":"スポーツとしてのばじゅつはむかしからありましたか。","words":[{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sport"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"馬","gloss":"horsemanship","reading":"ば"},{"text":"じゅ","gloss":"horsemanship"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"horsemanship"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むかし","gloss":"ancient times"},{"text":"から","gloss":"since"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"existed"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L095.rd.010","source":"日本では 馬じゅつは だれが 習っていましたか。","translation":"Who used to learn horsemanship in Japan?","reading":"にほんではばじゅつはだれがならっていましたか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"馬","gloss":"horsemanship","reading":"ば"},{"text":"じゅ","gloss":"horsemanship"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"horsemanship"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"used to learn","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"used to learn"},{"text":"い","gloss":"used to learn"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"used to learn"},{"text":"た","gloss":"used to learn"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.rd.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"History of Japanese sports · Questions","teaching":[{"title":"A history of Japanese sports","paragraphs":["The narration covers sumo, judo, kendo, swimming, and horsemanship from their origins to their modern forms.","*日本 独特の スポーツで、世界的に なったものは、じゅう道より外にはない* says judo alone among these sports became international.","Sumo has professional and festival forms. Samurai swimming and horsemanship remain as sports, while kendo has not spread abroad."]}],"lines":[{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L095.q.001","source":"日本 独特の スポーツで 代表的なものは じゅう道、けん道、すもう、水泳など ある。すもうは 日本 古来の 古い スポーツで、れきし的には 何千年も 前から あったものだ。今日、すもうと 言えば 大抵 職業すもうで、大すもうと 言う。もちろん、しろうとすもう とか、みやずもうと 言って、しろうとが おまつりなどの 時に やるのも ある。日本 独特の スポーツで、世界的に なったものは、じゅう道より外にはない。今日では じゅう道は 日本ばかりでなく、米国、フランス、スエーデンなどでも さかんである。日本の けん道は 外国には ふきゅうしていない。日本 独特の 水泳と 言うのは ただ かたで、スピードの きょうそうでは ない。むかし、さむらいが 戦争の時 泳いで 川を わたったりしたのが、かたになって 今日 のこっているのである。スポーツとしての 馬じゅつは ごく さい近のもので、むかしは さむらいの 間では 必要なもので、さむらいは 皆 これを 習わねば ならなかった。","translation":"Representative sports unique to Japan include judo, kendo, sumo, and swimming. Sumo is an ancient sport of Japan and, historically, has existed for thousands of years. Today, when people speak of sumo, they usually mean professional sumo, which is called grand sumo. Of course, there is also amateur sumo, or shrine sumo, performed by amateurs at festivals and similar occasions. Of the sports unique to Japan, judo is the only one that has become international. Today, judo is popular not only in Japan but also in the United States, France, Sweden, and other countries. Japanese kendo has not spread to foreign countries. The swimming unique to Japan consists only of set forms and is not a contest of speed. Long ago, samurai swam across rivers during wars, and those methods became set forms that remain today. Horsemanship as a sport is quite recent, but in the past it was essential among the samurai, and every samurai had to learn it.","reading":"にほんどくとくのスポーツでだいひょうてきなものはじゅうどう、けんどう、すもう、すいえいなどある。すもうはにほんこらいのふるいスポーツで、れきしてきにはなんぜんねんもまえからあったものだ。こんにち、すもうといえばたいていしょくぎょうすもうで、おおすもうという。もちろん、しろうとすもうとか、みやずもうといって、しろうとがおまつりなどのときにやるのもある。にほんどくとくのスポーツで、せかいてきになったものは、じゅうどうよりほかにはない。こんにちではじゅうどうはにほんばかりでなく、べいこく、フランス、スエーデンなどでもさかんである。にほんのけんどうはがいこくにはふきゅうしていない。にほんどくとくのすいえいというのはただかたで、スピードのきょうそうではない。むかし、さむらいがせんそうのときおよいでかわをわたったりしたのが、かたになってこんにちのこっているのである。スポーツとしてのばじゅつはごくさいきんのもので、むかしはさむらいのあいだではひつようなもので、さむらいはみなこれをならわねばならなかった。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"独特","gloss":"unique","reading":"どくとく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sports"},{"text":"で","gloss":"among"},{"text":"代表","gloss":"representative","reading":"だいひょう"},{"text":"的","gloss":"representative","reading":"てき"},{"text":"な","gloss":"representative"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"じゅう","gloss":"judo"},{"text":"道、","gloss":"judo","reading":"どう"},{"text":"けん","gloss":"kendo"},{"text":"道、","gloss":"kendo","reading":"どう"},{"text":"すもう、","gloss":"sumo"},{"text":"水泳","gloss":"swimming","reading":"すいえい"},{"text":"など","gloss":"etc."},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"include"},{"text":"すもう","gloss":"sumo"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"古来","gloss":"from ancient times","reading":"こらい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"古い","gloss":"ancient","reading":"ふるい"},{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sport"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is"},{"text":"れきし","gloss":"historically"},{"text":"的","gloss":"historically","reading":"てき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"historically"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何千","gloss":"thousands","reading":"なんぜん"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"も","gloss":"as many as"},{"text":"前","gloss":"ago","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"since"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"existed"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"one"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"今日、","gloss":"today","reading":"こんにち"},{"text":"すもう","gloss":"sumo"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"say","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"when"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"職業","gloss":"professional sumo","reading":"しょくぎょう"},{"text":"すもう","gloss":"professional sumo"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is"},{"text":"大","gloss":"grand sumo","reading":"おお"},{"text":"すもう","gloss":"grand sumo"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う。","gloss":"is called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"もちろん、","gloss":"of course"},{"text":"しろうと","gloss":"amateur sumo"},{"text":"すもう","gloss":"amateur sumo"},{"text":"と","gloss":"or"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"or"},{"text":"みや","gloss":"shrine sumo"},{"text":"ずもう","gloss":"shrine sumo"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"called","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"called"},{"text":"しろうと","gloss":"amateurs"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"お","gloss":"festivals"},{"text":"まつり","gloss":"festivals"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and similar occasions"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"時","gloss":"times","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"やる","gloss":"perform"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"独特","gloss":"unique","reading":"どくとく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sports"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"among"},{"text":"世界","gloss":"international","reading":"せかい"},{"text":"的","gloss":"international","reading":"てき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"internationally"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"じゅう","gloss":"judo"},{"text":"道","gloss":"judo","reading":"どう"},{"text":"より","gloss":"besides"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"than"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"none"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"こんにち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"じゅう","gloss":"judo"},{"text":"道","gloss":"judo","reading":"どう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not"},{"text":"米国、","gloss":"United 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to"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"had to"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"had to"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"had to"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.q.001.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ある。","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"今日、","gloss":"today"},{"word":"言う。","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"もちろん、","gloss":"of course, to be sure"},{"word":"か、","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"やる","gloss":"to do"},{"word":"ただ","gloss":"merely"},{"word":"むかし、","gloss":"ancient, old"},{"word":"ね","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Traditional Japanese sports words · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Traditional and national sports","paragraphs":["The vocabulary names traditional sports and their place in Japan. *けん道* is \"Japanese fencing\".","*代表的な* means \"representative\". *国技* means \"national sport\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.001","source":"スポーツ","translation":"sport","reading":"スポーツ","words":[{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sport"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.001.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.002","source":"独特の","translation":"special; peculiar to","reading":"どくとくの","words":[{"text":"独特の","gloss":"unique to","reading":"どくとくの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.002.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.003","source":"古来","translation":"from ancient time","reading":"こらい","words":[{"text":"古来","gloss":"from ancient times","reading":"こらい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.003.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.004","source":"けん道","translation":"Japanese fencing (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"けんどう","words":[{"text":"けん道","gloss":"Japanese fencing","reading":"けんどう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.004.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.005","source":"じゅう道","translation":"judo (See Cult. Note)","reading":"じゅうどう","words":[{"text":"じゅう道","gloss":"judo","reading":"じゅうどう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.005.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.006","source":"すもう","translation":"wrestling (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"すもう","words":[{"text":"すもう","gloss":"wrestling"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.006.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.007","source":"代表的な","translation":"representative (adj)","reading":"だいひょうてきな","words":[{"text":"代表的な","gloss":"representative","reading":"だいひょうてきな"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.007.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.008","source":"国技","translation":"national sport","reading":"こくぎ","words":[{"text":"国技","gloss":"national sport","reading":"こくぎ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.008.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.009","source":"しょうちょうする","translation":"symbolize (v.t.)","reading":"しょうちょうする","words":[{"text":"しょうちょうする","gloss":"symbolize"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.009.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.010","source":"野球","translation":"baseball","reading":"やきゅう","words":[{"text":"野球","gloss":"baseball","reading":"やきゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"独特の","gloss":"special; peculiar to"},{"word":"けん道","gloss":"Japanese fencing (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"じゅう道","gloss":"judo (See Cult. Note)"},{"word":"代表的な","gloss":"representative (adj)"},{"word":"しょうちょうする","gloss":"symbolize (v.t.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Professional and amateur wrestling words · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Forms of sumo","paragraphs":["The vocabulary distinguishes forms of wrestling and includes a word for international reach.","*職業すもう* means \"professional wrestling\". *しろうとすもう* means \"amateur wrestling\".","*みやずもう* is \"wrestling at a festival\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.011","source":"何千年も 前","translation":"thousands of years ago","reading":"なんぜんねんもまえ","words":[{"text":"何千年も前","gloss":"thousands of years ago","reading":"なんぜんねんもまえ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.011.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.012","source":"職業","translation":"occupation","reading":"しょくぎょう","words":[{"text":"職業","gloss":"occupation","reading":"しょくぎょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.012.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.013","source":"大大的に","translation":"in a big way; on a large scale","reading":"だいだいてきに","words":[{"text":"大大的に","gloss":"on a large scale","reading":"だいだいてきに"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.013.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.014","source":"職業すもう","translation":"professional wrestling","reading":"しょくぎょうすもう","words":[{"text":"職業すもう","gloss":"professional wrestling","reading":"しょくぎょうすもう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.014.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.015","source":"大すもう","translation":"professional wrestling","reading":"おおすもう","words":[{"text":"大すもう","gloss":"professional wrestling","reading":"おおすもう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.015.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.016","source":"しろうとすもう","translation":"amateur wrestling","reading":"しろうとすもう","words":[{"text":"しろうとすもう","gloss":"amateur wrestling"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.016.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.017","source":"しろうと","translation":"amateur","reading":"しろうと","words":[{"text":"しろうと","gloss":"amateur"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.017.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.018","source":"みやずもう","translation":"wrestling at a festival","reading":"みやずもう","words":[{"text":"みやずもう","gloss":"festival wrestling"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.018.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.019","source":"おまつり","translation":"festival","reading":"おまつり","words":[{"text":"おまつり","gloss":"festival"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.019.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.020","source":"世界的","translation":"world-wide","reading":"せかいてき","words":[{"text":"世界的","gloss":"worldwide","reading":"せかいてき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"何千年も前","gloss":"thousands of years ago"},{"word":"大大的に","gloss":"in a big way; on a large scale"},{"word":"職業すもう","gloss":"professional wrestling"},{"word":"大すもう","gloss":"professional wrestling"},{"word":"しろうとすもう","gloss":"amateur wrestling"},{"word":"みやずもう","gloss":"wrestling at a festival"},{"word":"おまつり","gloss":"festival"},{"word":"世界的","gloss":"world-wide"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Speed, purpose and horsemanship words · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Purpose and traditional skills","paragraphs":["The vocabulary covers spread, speed, practical purpose, horsemanship, archery, and an expression for excluding every other choice.","*実用的* means \"practical\". *馬じゅつ* means \"horsemanship\".","*--より外にはない* means \"there is nothing other than\" the named choice."]}],"lines":[{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.021","source":"ふきゅうする","translation":"spread; propagate; diffuse (v.i.)","reading":"ふきゅうする","words":[{"text":"ふきゅうする","gloss":"spread"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.021.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.022","source":"スピード","translation":"speed","reading":"スピード","words":[{"text":"スピード","gloss":"speed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.022.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.023","source":"実用的","translation":"practical","reading":"じつようてき","words":[{"text":"実用的","gloss":"practical","reading":"じつようてき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.023.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.024","source":"目的","translation":"aim; objective","reading":"もくてき","words":[{"text":"目的","gloss":"objective","reading":"もくてき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.024.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.025","source":"今に","translation":"even now","reading":"いまに","words":[{"text":"今に","gloss":"even now","reading":"いまに"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.025.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.026","source":"馬じゅつ","translation":"horsemanship","reading":"ばじゅつ","words":[{"text":"馬じゅつ","gloss":"horsemanship","reading":"ばじゅつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.026.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.027","source":"ゆみ","translation":"bow; archery","reading":"ゆみ","words":[{"text":"ゆみ","gloss":"bow"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.027.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.028","source":"じゅんすいの","translation":"pure","reading":"じゅんすいの","words":[{"text":"じゅんすいの","gloss":"pure"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.028.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L095.w.029","source":"--より外にはない","translation":"there is nothing other than --- (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"--よりほかにはない","words":[{"text":"--より外にはない","gloss":"nothing other than","reading":"--よりほかにはない"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L095.w.029.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":5,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\n1a Talk about sports unique to Japan.\n\n1b Talk about sports unique to the United States.\n\n1c Talk about popular sports in Japan and also in the United States.\n\n1d Talk about professional sports.\n\n2a Look at the pictures on Pages 258 to 260 and talk about them."},{"section":6,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.\n\n2 Study Grammar Perception Drill.\n\n3 Study Pattern Practice and do the exercise given following each pattern.\n\n4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.\n\n5 Read the Explanatory Notes.\n\n6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ふきゅうする","gloss":"spread; propagate; diffuse (v.i.)"},{"word":"実用的","gloss":"practical"},{"word":"今に","gloss":"even now"},{"word":"馬じゅつ","gloss":"horsemanship"},{"word":"じゅんすいの","gloss":"pure"},{"word":"--より外にはない","gloss":"there is nothing other than --- (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]}]}