{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L096","title":"Lesson 96","stage":"Reading Japan","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 96: sports and school athletics · dialogue 1 of 4, affordable popular sports · dialogue 2 of 4, skill, american long-distance success · dialogue 4 of 4, acting despite obstacles · perception drill, despite illness, unexpected actions despite circumstances · pattern 1 2 of 3, contrasting effort and results · pattern 1 3 of 3, japanese olympic strengths and weaknesses · reading selection 1 of 2, american long-distance olympic success · reading selection 2 of 2, tokyo olympics and japanese results · questions 1 of 2, endurance and long-distance competition · questions 2 of 2, olympic events and spectators · word list 1 of 3, sports, marathons.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/94","lines":114},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/93","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/95","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Sports and school athletics · Dialogue 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Sports and school athletics","paragraphs":["The speakers discuss the Olympics in Japan, modern sports, and school athletic meetings.","*日本で 行なわれた オリンピックは 物すごい ひょうばんでしたね* means \"The Olympics that were held in Japan were highly spoken of, weren't they?\"","The conversation then names popular sports. *学校の 運動会の 時など 見物人が 多いですね* means \"On school sports' day, you have many spectators, don't you?\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 営, 陸, 競, 操","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 行","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L096.dlg.001","source":"日本で 行なわれた オリンピックは 物すごい ひょうばんでしたね。","translation":"The Olympics that were held in Japan were highly spoken of, weren’t they?","reading":"にほんでおこなわれたオリンピックはものすごいひょうばんでしたね。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"行なわ","gloss":"were held","reading":"おこなわ"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"were held"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"オリンピック","gloss":"Olympics"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"物すごい","gloss":"tremendous","reading":"ものすごい"},{"text":"ひょうばん","gloss":"reputation"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L096.dlg.002","source":"しせつや 運営が よかったと ほめられました。","translation":"We were praised that the facilities and the management were good.","reading":"しせつやうんえいがよかったとほめられました。","words":[{"text":"しせつ","gloss":"facilities"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"運営","gloss":"management","reading":"うんえい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"good"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"ほめ","gloss":"were praised"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"were praised"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L096.dlg.003","source":"日本では モダンな スポーツとして 何が さかんですか。","translation":"What’s popular as modern sports in Japan?","reading":"にほんではモダンなスポーツとしてなにがさかんですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"モダン","gloss":"modern"},{"text":"な","gloss":"modern"},{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sports"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"さかん","gloss":"popular"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L096.dlg.004","source":"そうですね。陸上 競技、体操 バスケット・ボール、野球 などですね。","translation":"Well, they are track and field, gymnastics, basketball, baseball, etc.","reading":"そうですね。りくじょうきょうぎ、たいそうバスケット・ボール、やきゅうなどですね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"well"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"陸上","gloss":"track and field","reading":"りくじょう"},{"text":"競技、","gloss":"track and field","reading":"きょうぎ"},{"text":"体操","gloss":"gymnastics","reading":"たいそう"},{"text":"バスケット・","gloss":"basketball"},{"text":"ボール、","gloss":"basketball"},{"text":"野球","gloss":"baseball","reading":"やきゅう"},{"text":"など","gloss":"etc."},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L096.dlg.005","source":"学校の 運動会の 時など 見物人が 多いですね。","translation":"On school sports’ day, you have many spectators, don’t you?","reading":"がっこうのうんどうかいのときなどけんぶつにんがおおいですね。","words":[{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"運動","gloss":"sports day","reading":"うんどう"},{"text":"会","gloss":"sports day","reading":"かい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"など","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"見物","gloss":"spectators","reading":"けんぶつ"},{"text":"人","gloss":"spectators","reading":"にん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L096.dlg.006","source":"子供たちの 親や その友人が 大ぜい 見に 行くので にぎやかです。","translation":"Children’s parents and their friends come to see it and it is very lively.","reading":"こどもたちのおややそのゆうじんがおおぜいみにいくのでにぎやかです。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"plural"},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"親","gloss":"parents","reading":"おや"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"その","gloss":"their"},{"text":"友人","gloss":"friends","reading":"ゆうじん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大ぜい","gloss":"many people","reading":"おおぜい"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"because"},{"text":"にぎやか","gloss":"lively"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"A.1 NIMO KAKAWARAZU Following nouns, basic form of verbs both the past and the non-past tenses, basic form of i-adjectives plus NO, NIMO KAKAWARAZU expresses the meaning of \"in spite of\", \"despite\", \"notwithstanding\", \"in the face of\", \"disregarding\", etc. Examples: BYOOKI NIMO KAKAWARAZU SHIGOTO NI ITTA. \"He went to work in spite of his illness,\" HANTAI GA ARU NIMO KAKAWARAZU DETE ITTA, \"He went out in the face of opposition,\" AME GA FURU NIMO KAKAWARAZU GORUFU O YATTA, \"We played golf in spite of the rain,\" SAKUBAN ISSHOOKEMMEI BENKYOO SHITA NIMO KAKAWARAZU, SHIKEN NI TOORANAKATTA. \"In spite of my studying hard last night, I didn’t pass the examination,\"\n\nANO HITO WA GAKKOO MADE CHIKAI NO NIMO KAKAWARAZU, JIDOOSHA DE KIMASU. \"He comes to school by car, in spite of his house being close to school.\" NOTE: NIMO KAKAWARAZU has another meaning; that is, it means ”regardless of ” or ”irrespective of —"}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"オリンピック","gloss":"Olympic; Olympiad"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"ひょうばん","gloss":"reputation"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"しせつ","gloss":"facility"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"モダン","gloss":"modern"},{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"スポーツ","gloss":"sport"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"競技、","gloss":"athletic events; athletic competition"},{"word":"体操","gloss":"gymnastics; calisthenics"},{"word":"野球","gloss":"baseball"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"友人","gloss":"friend"},{"word":"大ぜい","gloss":"crowd (of people)"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"にぎやか","gloss":"merry; crowded; flourishing; gay"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Affordable popular sports · Dialogue 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Sports that cost less","paragraphs":["The speakers compare American football with sports that cost less. *ある 大学では やっていますが、一ぱん的では ありません* says some universities play it, but it is not generally practiced.","The reason follows: *何しろ、お金の かかる スポーツですからね* means \"because it is an expensive sport.\""]},{"title":"Popular alternatives","paragraphs":["*それですから、ピンポン、バレー・ボール、走ったり、とんだりする 競技などが さかんに なるのです* names pingpong, volleyball, running, and jumping as popular alternatives.","*水泳なども お金の かからない 競技ですね* means \"Swimming, too, is an inexpensive sport, isn't it?\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 術","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 走","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L096.dlg.007","source":"米国の フット・ボールは やりませんね。","translation":"They don’t play American football, do they?","reading":"べいこくのフット・ボールはやりませんね。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"American","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"フット・","gloss":"football"},{"text":"ボール","gloss":"football"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"play"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L096.dlg.008","source":"ある 大学では やっていますが、一ぱん的では ありません。 何しろ、お金の かかる スポーツですからね。","translation":"Some universities play it, but it is not generally practiced because it is an expensive sport.","reading":"あるだいがくではやっていますが、いっぱんてきではありません。なにしろ、おかねのかかるスポーツですからね。","words":[{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"大学","gloss":"universities","reading":"だいがく"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"are playing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are playing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are playing"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are playing"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"一","gloss":"generally practiced","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"ぱん","gloss":"generally practiced"},{"text":"的","gloss":"generally practiced","reading":"てき"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"何しろ、","gloss":"anyhow","reading":"なにしろ"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorific"},{"text":"金","gloss":"money","reading":"かね"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"かかる","gloss":"costs money"},{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sport"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you know"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L096.dlg.009","source":"なるほど。","translation":"I see,","reading":"なるほど。","words":[{"text":"なるほど。","gloss":"I see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L096.dlg.010","source":"それですから、ピンポン、バレー・ボール、走ったり、とんだりする 競技などが さかんに なるのです。","translation":"That’s why such sports like pingpong, volleyball, running and jumping sports become very popular,","reading":"それですから、ピンポン、バレー・ボール、はしったり、とんだりするきょうぎなどがさかんになるのです。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ピンポン、","gloss":"ping-pong"},{"text":"バレー・","gloss":"volleyball"},{"text":"ボール、","gloss":"volleyball"},{"text":"走っ","gloss":"running","reading":"はしっ"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"とん","gloss":"jumping"},{"text":"だり","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"競技","gloss":"events","reading":"きょうぎ"},{"text":"など","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"さかん","gloss":"popular"},{"text":"に","gloss":"become"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L096.dlg.011","source":"水泳なども お金の かからない 競技ですね。","translation":"Swimming, too, is an inexpensive sport, isn’t it?","reading":"すいえいなどもおかねのかからないきょうぎですね。","words":[{"text":"水泳","gloss":"swimming","reading":"すいえい"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorific"},{"text":"金","gloss":"money","reading":"かね"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"かから","gloss":"does not cost"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"does not cost"},{"text":"競技","gloss":"sport","reading":"きょうぎ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L096.dlg.012","source":"そうです。 ですから、そういう スポーツの 技術は かなり 発達して います。","translation":"Yes, it is. That’s why the technique of such sports is fairly well advanced,","reading":"そうです。ですから、そういうスポーツのぎじゅつはかなりはったつしています。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"such"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"such"},{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sports"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"技術","gloss":"technique","reading":"ぎじゅつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かなり","gloss":"fairly"},{"text":"発達","gloss":"is advanced","reading":"はったつ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"is advanced"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is advanced"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is advanced"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is advanced"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"い","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"何しろ、","gloss":"at any rate, in any case"},{"word":"金","gloss":"gold"},{"word":"かかる","gloss":"to consult, to contract, to be attacked by"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"なるほど。","gloss":"I see, indeed, to be sure"},{"word":"ピンポン、","gloss":"pingpong"},{"word":"競技","gloss":"athletic events; athletic competition"},{"word":"技術","gloss":"technique, skill"},{"word":"かなり","gloss":"fairly"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Skill, stamina and endurance · Dialogue 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Skill, strength, and endurance","paragraphs":["The speakers distinguish events that require technique, physical strength, or endurance. *ですが、技術の 競争、たとえば 器械体操などでは よい せいせきを あげました* says Japan obtained good results in technical events.","*マラソンの 様に 持きゅう力の 必要な 競技にも 日本人は 強いですね* says the Japanese are also strong in endurance events such as the marathon."]},{"title":"Despite a high living standard","paragraphs":["*米国などは 生活程度が 高いのにも かかわらず、国みんは わりあいに 持きゅう力が ないですね* contrasts a high living standard with relatively little endurance.","Here, *にも かかわらず* means \"in spite of\" or \"despite.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 械, 力","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L096.dlg.013","source":"技術だけでは 陸上競技には だめですね。","translation":"Skill alone is not good for track and field, is it?","reading":"ぎじゅつだけではりくじょうきょうぎにはだめですね。","words":[{"text":"技術","gloss":"skill","reading":"ぎじゅつ"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"alone"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"陸上","gloss":"track and field","reading":"りくじょう"},{"text":"競技","gloss":"track and field","reading":"きょうぎ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"だめ","gloss":"no good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L096.dlg.014","source":"そうです。 体力が 必要ですね。 今度の オリンピックでは 日本は 水泳、陸上競技などは 体力が ないので だめでした。","translation":"No, it isn’t. You need physical strength. In the last Olympics japan didn’t do well in swimming and track and field because of a lack of stamina,","reading":"そうです。たいりょくがひつようですね。こんどのオリンピックではにほんはすいえい、りくじょうきょうぎなどはたいりょくがないのでだめでした。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"体力","gloss":"physical strength","reading":"たいりょく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"必要","gloss":"necessary","reading":"ひつよう"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"今度","gloss":"last","reading":"こんど"},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"オリンピック","gloss":"Olympics"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"水泳、","gloss":"swimming","reading":"すいえい"},{"text":"陸上","gloss":"track and field","reading":"りくじょう"},{"text":"競技","gloss":"track and field","reading":"きょうぎ"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"体力","gloss":"stamina","reading":"たいりょく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"lacking"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"because"},{"text":"だめ","gloss":"did poorly"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"did poorly"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did poorly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L096.dlg.015","source":"なるほど。","translation":"I see,","reading":"なるほど。","words":[{"text":"なるほど。","gloss":"I see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L096.dlg.016","source":"ですが、技術の 競争、たとえば 器械体操などでは よい せいせきを あげました。","translation":"However, Japan got good results in the competition of technique, for instance the heavy gymnastics,","reading":"ですが、ぎじゅつのきょうそう、たとえばきかいたいそうなどではよいせいせきをあげました。","words":[{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"技術","gloss":"skill","reading":"ぎじゅつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"競争、","gloss":"competition","reading":"きょうそう"},{"text":"たとえば","gloss":"for instance"},{"text":"器械","gloss":"artistic gymnastics","reading":"きかい"},{"text":"体操","gloss":"artistic gymnastics","reading":"たいそう"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"せいせき","gloss":"results"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あげ","gloss":"achieved"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L096.dlg.017","source":"それから、マラソンの 様に 持きゅう力の 必要な 競技にも 日本人は 強いですね。","translation":"And the Japanese are also strong in an event that requires an ability to endure like a marathon race, aren’t they?","reading":"それから、マラソンのようにじきゅうりょくのひつようなきょうぎにもにほんじんはつよいですね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"from"},{"text":"マラソン","gloss":"marathon"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"様","gloss":"like","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"like"},{"text":"持","gloss":"endurance","reading":"じ"},{"text":"きゅう","gloss":"endurance"},{"text":"力","gloss":"endurance","reading":"りょく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"必要","gloss":"required","reading":"ひつよう"},{"text":"な","gloss":"required"},{"text":"競技","gloss":"events","reading":"きょうぎ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"強い","gloss":"strong","reading":"つよい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L096.dlg.018","source":"日本ばかりでなく、一ぱんに 生活程度の 低い 国の 人が そういう 競技に 強いですね。 米国などは 生活程度が 高いのにも かかわらず、国みんは わりあいに 持きゅう力が ないですね。","translation":"Not only Japanese, but in general, the people of countries that have a lower standard of living are strong in such athletic events. Like the United States, in spite of her high living standard, the people have relatively low stamina, isn’t that so?","reading":"にほんばかりでなく、いっぱんにせいかつていどのひくいくにのひとがそういうきょうぎにつよいですね。べいこくなどはせいかつていどがたかいのにもかかわらず、こくみんはわりあいにじきゅうりょくがないですね。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not"},{"text":"一","gloss":"generally","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"ぱん","gloss":"generally"},{"text":"に","gloss":"generally"},{"text":"生活","gloss":"living standard","reading":"せいかつ"},{"text":"程度","gloss":"living standard","reading":"ていど"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"低い","gloss":"low","reading":"ひくい"},{"text":"国","gloss":"countries","reading":"くに"},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"such"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"such"},{"text":"競技","gloss":"events","reading":"きょうぎ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"強い","gloss":"strong","reading":"つよい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"など","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"生活","gloss":"living standard","reading":"せいかつ"},{"text":"程度","gloss":"living standard","reading":"ていど"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"high","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"に","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"も","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"国","gloss":"citizens","reading":"こく"},{"text":"みん","gloss":"citizens"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"わりあい","gloss":"relatively"},{"text":"に","gloss":"relatively"},{"text":"持","gloss":"stamina","reading":"じ"},{"text":"きゅう","gloss":"stamina"},{"text":"力","gloss":"stamina","reading":"りょく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"lacking"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"だけ","gloss":"only, just (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"だめ","gloss":"no good, useless,\nhopeless"},{"word":"体力","gloss":"physical strength, stamina"},{"word":"今度","gloss":"this time, next time"},{"word":"競争、","gloss":"competition, race"},{"word":"たとえば","gloss":"for instance"},{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"せいせき","gloss":"accomplishment; feat"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"マラソン","gloss":"marathon race"},{"word":"ばかり","gloss":"about"},{"word":"程度","gloss":"degree, standard"},{"word":"国","gloss":"country, nation"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"American long-distance success · Dialogue 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Gold in long-distance races","paragraphs":["The speakers discuss American success in two Olympic races. *五千メートルでも 一万メートルでも 米国が 金メダルを もらいました* says the United States received gold medals in both events.","*米国も これからは 長きょり 競走にも 力を 入れる 様に なると 思います* predicts greater American emphasis on long-distance races."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L096.dlg.019","source":"そう 言えば そうですね。 でも、今度の オリンピックでは 五千メートルでも 一万メートルでも 米国が 金メダルを もらいました。","translation":"If you put it that way, it’s true. But in the last Olympics, the United States got gold medals in both the 5,000 meter and 10,000 meter events.","reading":"そういえばそうですね。でも、こんどのオリンピックではごせんメートルでもいちまんメートルでもべいこくがきんメダルをもらいました。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"say","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"true"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"今度","gloss":"last","reading":"こんど"},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"オリンピック","gloss":"Olympics"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"五千","gloss":"five thousand","reading":"ごせん"},{"text":"メートル","gloss":"meters"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"一","gloss":"ten thousand","reading":"いち"},{"text":"万","gloss":"ten thousand","reading":"まん"},{"text":"メートル","gloss":"meters"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"金","gloss":"gold medal","reading":"きん"},{"text":"メダル","gloss":"gold medal"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もらい","gloss":"received"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L096.dlg.020","source":"はじめて ですね。","translation":"That was the first time, wasn’t it?","reading":"はじめてですね。","words":[{"text":"はじめて","gloss":"first time"},{"text":"です","gloss":"was"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L096.dlg.021","source":"そうです。 米国も これからは 長きょり 競走にも 力を 入れる 様に なると 思います。","translation":"That’s right. I think that the United States will place emphasis on long distance races, too, from now on.","reading":"そうです。べいこくもこれからはちょうきょりきょうそうにもちからをいれるようになるとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"now"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"長","gloss":"long distance","reading":"ちょう"},{"text":"きょり","gloss":"long distance"},{"text":"競走","gloss":"races","reading":"きょうそう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"力","gloss":"effort","reading":"ちから"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"入れる","gloss":"put","reading":"いれる"},{"text":"様","gloss":"way","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.dlg.021.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L096.dlg.022","source":"そうなる でしょうね。","translation":"I suppose she will.","reading":"そうなるでしょうね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.dlg.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"五千","gloss":"5,000"},{"word":"メートル","gloss":"meter"},{"word":"入れる","gloss":"to put in, to insert (v.t.)"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Acting despite obstacles · Perception drill","teaching":[{"title":"A result despite a circumstance","paragraphs":["*病気 にも かかわらず 仕事に 行った* means \"He went to work in spite of his illness.\"","*にも かかわらず* follows a noun or a plain verb in the past or non-past. It marks a circumstance that does not prevent the result.","After an I-adjective, *の* comes before *にも かかわらず*. *生活程度が 高い（の） にも かかわらず、持きゅう力が ない* means \"They have no ability to sustain in spite of the high standard of living.\""]},{"title":"Facts and actions before the contrast","paragraphs":["*熱が ある にも かかわらず、仕事に 行った* means \"He went to work despite his fever.\" The plain non-past verb *ある* states the contrary circumstance.","*パーカーさんは よく 勉強する にも かかわらず、あまり よく 出来ませんね* contrasts studying hard with not doing well."]}],"lines":[{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L096.gp1.01","source":"病気 にも かかわらず 仕事に 行った。","translation":"He went to work in spite of his illness,","reading":"びょうきにもかかわらずしごとにいった。","words":[{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"も","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"went","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"went"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L096.gp1.02","source":"熱が ある にも かかわらず、仕事に 行った。","translation":"He went to work despite his fever,","reading":"ねつがあるにもかかわらず、しごとにいった。","words":[{"text":"熱","gloss":"fever","reading":"ねつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"has"},{"text":"に","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"も","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"went","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"went"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L096.gp1.03","source":"生活程度が 高い（の） にも かかわらず、持きゅう力が ない。","translation":"They have no ability to sustain in spite of the high standard of living,","reading":"せいかつていどがたかい（の）にもかかわらず、じきゅうりょくがない。","words":[{"text":"生活","gloss":"living standard","reading":"せいかつ"},{"text":"程度","gloss":"living standard","reading":"ていど"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"high","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"（の）","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"に","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"も","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"持","gloss":"stamina","reading":"じ"},{"text":"きゅう","gloss":"stamina"},{"text":"力","gloss":"stamina","reading":"りょく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"none"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L096.gp1.04","source":"スミスさんは 日本語が わからない にも かかわらず、よく 日本映画を 見に 行きますね。","translation":"Mr, Smith goes to the Japanese movie often despite his inability to understand Japanese, doesn’t he?","reading":"スミスさんはにほんごがわからないにもかかわらず、よくにほんえいがをみにいきますね。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"object"},{"text":"わから","gloss":"does not understand"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"does not understand"},{"text":"に","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"も","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"often"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L096.gp1.05","source":"英語の サブタイトルが ついているから、わかる そうです。","translation":"I understand he comprehends it because it has English subtitles.","reading":"えいごのサブタイトルがついているから、わかるそうです。","words":[{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"サブタイトル","gloss":"subtitles"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"つい","gloss":"has attached"},{"text":"て","gloss":"has attached"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"has attached"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"わかる","gloss":"understands"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L096.gp1.06","source":"パーカーさんは よく 勉強する にも かかわらず、あまり よく 出来ませんね。","translation":"In spite of his studying hard, Mr, Parker doesn’t do well, does he?","reading":"パーカーさんはよくべんきょうするにもかかわらず、あまりよくできませんね。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"hard"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"study"},{"text":"に","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"も","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"perform","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L096.gp1.07","source":"勉強の し方が 悪いのかも 知れませんね。","translation":"Probably his method of studying is bad,","reading":"べんきょうのしかたがわるいのかもしれませんね。","words":[{"text":"勉強","gloss":"studying","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"し方","gloss":"method"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"か","gloss":"perhaps"},{"text":"も","gloss":"perhaps"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"may be","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L096.gp1.08","source":"田村さんの おかあさんは 今年 九十才に なられた そうですね。","translation":"I understand Mr, Tamura’s mother became 90 year’s old this year,","reading":"たむらさんのおかあさんはことしきゅうじゅっさいになられたそうですね。","words":[{"text":"田村","gloss":"Tamura","reading":"たむら"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"お","gloss":"mother"},{"text":"かあ","gloss":"mother"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"mother"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今年","gloss":"this year"},{"text":"九十","gloss":"ninety"},{"text":"才","gloss":"years old"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"turned"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"turned"},{"text":"た","gloss":"turned"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L096.gp1.09","source":"そうですか。 それにも かかわらず 元気が いいですね。","translation":"Is that so? None the less, she is very energetic isn’t she?","reading":"そうですか。それにもかかわらずげんきがいいですね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"に","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"も","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"元気","gloss":"energetic","reading":"げんき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"very"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L096.gp1.10","source":"御主人は 今日 ゴルフに 行かれましたか。","translation":"Did your husband go to play golf today?!","reading":"ごしゅじんはきょうゴルフにいかれましたか。","words":[{"text":"御","gloss":"your husband","reading":"ご"},{"text":"主人","gloss":"your husband","reading":"しゅじん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"went","reading":"いか"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"went"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"went"},{"text":"た","gloss":"went"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L096.gp1.11","source":"ええ、あんなに 熱が ある にも かかわらず 行ったのですよ。 ほんとに 仕方の ない人","translation":"Yes, he went in spite of that high fever. He really is incorrigible.","reading":"ええ、あんなにねつがあるにもかかわらずいったのですよ。ほんとにしかたのないひと","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"あんな","gloss":"that"},{"text":"に","gloss":"much"},{"text":"熱","gloss":"fever","reading":"ねつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"has"},{"text":"に","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"ほんと","gloss":"really"},{"text":"に","gloss":"emphasis"},{"text":"仕方","gloss":"remedy","reading":"しかた"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"no"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.gp1.11.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L096.gp1.12","source":"ですよ。","translation":"Yes, he went in spite of his having such a fever.","reading":"ですよ。","words":[{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.gp1.12.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L096.gp1.13","source":"大木さんの むすこさんは けっこんした そうですね。","translation":"He really is incorrigible.","reading":"おおきさんのむすこさんはけっこんしたそうですね。","words":[{"text":"大木","gloss":"Ooki","reading":"おおき"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"むすこ","gloss":"son"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"son"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"けっこん","gloss":"married"},{"text":"し","gloss":"married"},{"text":"た","gloss":"married"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.gp1.13.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L096.gp1.14","source":"ええ、両親の 反対が ある にも かかわらず フランス人の 女と けっこんした そうです。","translation":"I understand Mr. Ooki’s son got married; is that right?","reading":"ええ、りょうしんのはんたいがあるにもかかわらずフランスじんのおんなとけっこんしたそうです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"両親","gloss":"parents","reading":"りょうしん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"反対","gloss":"opposition","reading":"はんたい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"に","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"も","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"フランス","gloss":"French"},{"text":"人","gloss":"French","reading":"じん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"女","gloss":"woman","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"けっこん","gloss":"married"},{"text":"し","gloss":"married"},{"text":"た","gloss":"married"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.gp1.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"（の）","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"映画","gloss":"movie"},{"word":"つい","gloss":"just; only"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"今年","gloss":"this year"},{"word":"九十","gloss":"90"},{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"女","gloss":"female"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Despite illness, rain and opposition · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"An action still occurs","paragraphs":["*病気 にも かかわらず 働いている* means \"Despite being ill, he is working.\" Here, *にも かかわらず* marks the illness as the contrary circumstance.","*両親の 反対にも かかわらず、学校を やめた* means \"He quit school despite his parents' opposition.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L096.pt1.m1","source":"病気 にも かかわらず 働いている。","translation":"Despite being ill, he is working.","reading":"びょうきにもかかわらずはたらいている。","words":[{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"も","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"働い","gloss":"is working","reading":"はたらい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is working"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"is working"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L096.pt1.m2","source":"雨が 降っている にも かかわらず、ゴルフを やっている。","translation":"Despite the rain, they are playing golf.","reading":"あめがふっているにもかかわらず、ゴルフをやっている。","words":[{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降っ","gloss":"is falling","reading":"ふっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is falling"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is falling"},{"text":"に","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"も","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"are playing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are playing"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"are playing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.pt1.m2.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L096.pt1.m3","source":"自動車が ある にも かかわらず、歩いて 仕事に 行く。","translation":"Even though he has a car, he walks to work.","reading":"じどうしゃがあるにもかかわらず、あるいてしごとにいく。","words":[{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"has"},{"text":"に","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"も","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"歩い","gloss":"walks","reading":"あるい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"walks"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く。","gloss":"goes","reading":"いく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.pt1.m3.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L096.pt1.01","source":"こんな 悪い 天気にも かかわらず、ゴルフを やるのですか。","translation":"Are you going to play golf despite such bad weather?","reading":"こんなわるいてんきにもかかわらず、ゴルフをやるのですか。","words":[{"text":"こんな","gloss":"such"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"も","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やる","gloss":"play"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L096.pt1.02","source":"両親の 反対にも かかわらず、学校を やめた。","translation":"He quit school despite his parents’ opposition.","reading":"りょうしんのはんたいにもかかわらず、がっこうをやめた。","words":[{"text":"両親","gloss":"parents","reading":"りょうしん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"反対","gloss":"opposition","reading":"はんたい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"も","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やめ","gloss":"quit"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"quit"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L096.pt1.03","source":"病気にも かかわらず、医者に かからない。","translation":"Despite being ill, he does not see a doctor.","reading":"びょうきにもかかわらず、いしゃにかからない。","words":[{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"も","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"医者","gloss":"doctor","reading":"いしゃ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かから","gloss":"does not see"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"does not see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L096.pt1.04","source":"明日 試験が あるにも かかわらず、あの生徒は 勉強していない。","translation":"Even though there is a test tomorrow, that student is not studying.","reading":"あしたしけんがあるにもかかわらず、あのせいとはべんきょうしていない。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"試験","gloss":"test","reading":"しけん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"に","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"も","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"is not studying","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"is not studying"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is not studying"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is not studying"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"is not studying"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.pt1.04.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"いる。","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"車","gloss":"vehicle, car"},{"word":"天気","gloss":"weather"},{"word":"やる","gloss":"to do"},{"word":"医者","gloss":"medical doctor"},{"word":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Unexpected actions despite circumstances · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A contrary result","paragraphs":["*あの 生徒は あまり 勉強しないにも かかわらず、よく 出来る* means \"Even though that student does not study very much, he does well.\"","The *にも かかわらず* in the line joins a stated circumstance to a contrary result."]},{"title":"Past action before the contrast","paragraphs":["*私が あれくらい 注意しておいた にも かかわらず、又 同じ 間違いを しているね* contrasts an earlier warning with the same mistake happening again.","The plain past form *注意しておいた* stands before *にも かかわらず*."]}],"lines":[{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L096.pt1.05","source":"田中さんは お金が あるにも かかわらず、けちんぼう（miser）です。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka is a miser even though he has money.","reading":"たなかさんはおかねがあるにもかかわらず、けちんぼう（miser）です。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"money"},{"text":"金","gloss":"money","reading":"かね"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"has"},{"text":"に","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"も","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"けちんぼう","gloss":"miser"},{"text":"（miser）","gloss":"miser"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L096.pt1.06","source":"雨が 降っているにも かかわらず、フットボールを やっている。","translation":"Despite the rain, they are playing football.","reading":"あめがふっているにもかかわらず、フットボールをやっている。","words":[{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降っ","gloss":"is falling","reading":"ふっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is falling"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is falling"},{"text":"に","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"も","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"フットボール","gloss":"football"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"are playing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are playing"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"are playing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L096.pt1.07","source":"あの 生徒は あまり 勉強しないにも かかわらず、よく 出来る。","translation":"Even though that student does not study very much, he does well.","reading":"あのせいとはあまりべんきょうしないにもかかわらず、よくできる。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"does not study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"does not study"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"does not study"},{"text":"に","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"も","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"出来る。","gloss":"performs","reading":"できる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L096.pt1.08","source":"品物の ねだんは 上るにも かかわらず、月給は 上らない。","translation":"Although the prices of goods go up, salaries do not.","reading":"しなもののねだんはあがるにもかかわらず、げっきゅうはあがらない。","words":[{"text":"品物","gloss":"goods","reading":"しなもの"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ねだん","gloss":"prices"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"上る","gloss":"rise","reading":"あがる"},{"text":"に","gloss":"although"},{"text":"も","gloss":"although"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"although"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"although"},{"text":"月給","gloss":"salaries","reading":"げっきゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"上ら","gloss":"do not rise","reading":"あがら"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"do not rise"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L096.pt1.09","source":"田中君、君は 私が あれくらい 注意しておいた にも かかわらず、又 同じ 間違いを しているね。","translation":"Tanaka, even though I warned you so much, you are making the same mistake again.","reading":"たなかくん、きみはわたくしがあれくらいちゅういしておいたにもかかわらず、またおなじまちがいをしているね。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka"},{"text":"君、","gloss":"you"},{"text":"君","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あれ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"much"},{"text":"注意","gloss":"warned","reading":"ちゅうい"},{"text":"し","gloss":"warned"},{"text":"て","gloss":"warned"},{"text":"おい","gloss":"warned"},{"text":"た","gloss":"warned"},{"text":"に","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"も","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"又","gloss":"again","reading":"また"},{"text":"同じ","gloss":"same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"間違い","gloss":"mistake","reading":"まちがい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"are making"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are making"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are making"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L096.pt1.10","source":"ああ、そうですか。 これから 気を つけます。","translation":"Oh, is that so? I’ll be careful from now on.","reading":"ああ、そうですか。これからきをつけます。","words":[{"text":"ああ、","gloss":"oh"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"now"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"気","gloss":"care","reading":"き"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つけ","gloss":"will take"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"will take"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L096.pt1.11","source":"あなたは 自動車が ある にも かかわらず、歩いて 仕事に 行くのですか。","translation":"Even though you have a car, do you walk to work?","reading":"あなたはじどうしゃがあるにもかかわらず、あるいてしごとにいくのですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"have"},{"text":"に","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"も","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"歩い","gloss":"walk","reading":"あるい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"walk"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.pt1.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"けちんぼう","gloss":"a miser,"},{"word":"フットボール","gloss":"football; rugby game"},{"word":"出来る。","gloss":"to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)"},{"word":"品物","gloss":"goods, merchandise"},{"word":"ねだん","gloss":"price"},{"word":"上る","gloss":"to eat, drink, come"},{"word":"月給","gloss":"monthly wage"},{"word":"君、","gloss":"suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)"},{"word":"くらい","gloss":"dark"},{"word":"おい","gloss":"nephew"},{"word":"ああ、","gloss":"Oh, yes"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Contrasting effort and results · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Despite that","paragraphs":["*あの 生徒は よく 勉強しますね* states that the student studies hard. The reply *それにも かかわらず、あまり 出来ないのですよ* means \"despite that, he does not do very well.\"","Here, *それ* refers to the prior statement."]},{"title":"A past action and its result","paragraphs":["*昨晩 早く ねたのにも かかわらず、まだ つかれが なおらないんです* means \"Even though I went to bed early last night, I still have not recovered from my fatigue.\"","The past action *ねた* supplies the circumstance. The continuing fatigue is the contrary result."]}],"lines":[{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L096.pt1.12","source":"ええ、運動が 足りないから、少し 運動の ために 歩いて 行くのです。","translation":"Yes, since I do not get enough exercise, I walk there to get a little exercise.","reading":"ええ、うんどうがたりないから、すこしうんどうのためにあるいていくのです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"運動","gloss":"exercise","reading":"うんどう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"足り","gloss":"insufficient","reading":"たり"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"insufficient"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"運動","gloss":"exercise","reading":"うんどう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"purpose"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"歩い","gloss":"walk","reading":"あるい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"walk"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L096.pt1.13","source":"あの 生徒は よく 勉強しますね。","translation":"That student studies hard, doesn’t he?","reading":"あのせいとはよくべんきょうしますね。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"hard"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L096.pt1.14","source":"ええ、しかし、それにも かかわらず、あまり 出来ないのですよ。","translation":"Yes, but despite that, he does not do very well.","reading":"ええ、しかし、それにもかかわらず、あまりできないのですよ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"に","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"も","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"does not perform","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"does not perform"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L096.pt1.15","source":"山田さんは 金持にも かかわらず、けちんぼうですね。","translation":"Mr. Yamada is a miser even though he is rich, isn’t he?","reading":"やまださんはかねもちにもかかわらず、けちんぼうですね。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"金持","gloss":"rich","reading":"かねもち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"も","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"けちんぼう","gloss":"miser"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.pt1.15.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L096.pt1.16","source":"まあ、あんなものですね。 けちんぼうだから、金持に なったのでしょうよ。","translation":"Well, that is how it is. He probably became rich because he is a miser.","reading":"まあ、あんなものですね。けちんぼうだから、かねもちになったのでしょうよ。","words":[{"text":"まあ、","gloss":"well"},{"text":"あんな","gloss":"that kind"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"けちんぼう","gloss":"miser"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"金持","gloss":"rich","reading":"かねもち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"became"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L096.pt1.17","source":"ずい分 つかれている 様ですね。","translation":"You look very tired.","reading":"ずいぶんつかれているようですね。","words":[{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"very"},{"text":"つか","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"て","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"様","gloss":"seem","reading":"よう"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.pt1.17.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L096.pt1.18","source":"ええ、昨晩 早く ねたのにも かかわらず、まだ つかれが なおらないんです。","translation":"Yes, even though I went to bed early last night, I still have not recovered from my fatigue.","reading":"ええ、さくばんはやくねたのにもかかわらず、まだつかれがなおらないんです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"昨晩","gloss":"last night","reading":"さくばん"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"ねた","gloss":"went to bed"},{"text":"の","gloss":"although"},{"text":"に","gloss":"although"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"regardless"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"つかれ","gloss":"fatigue"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"なおら","gloss":"recover"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.pt1.18.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"},{"word":"しかし、","gloss":"however, but"},{"word":"まあ、","gloss":"Well! Oh, my!"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ずい分","gloss":"very much"},{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Japanese Olympic strengths and weaknesses · Reading Selection 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Strengths and weaknesses","paragraphs":["The passage contrasts poor results in events requiring physical strength with success in endurance events.","*しかし、水泳、陸上競技などの、ある 程度まで 体力の 必要な 競技では だめでした* says Japan did poorly in swimming, track and field, and similar events.","*日本人は 又 マラソンの 様な 持きゅう力の 必要な 競技にも 強いです* says the Japanese are also strong in endurance events such as the marathon."]}],"lines":[{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L096.rd.001","source":"大変 よい せいせきを あげました。","translation":"Japan achieved very good results.","reading":"たいへんよいせいせきをあげました。","words":[{"text":"大変","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"せいせき","gloss":"results"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あげ","gloss":"achieve"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L096.rd.002","source":"しかし、水泳、陸上競技などの、ある 程度まで 体力の 必要な 競技では だめでした。","translation":"However, it did poorly in events such as swimming and track and field, which require physical strength to a certain extent.","reading":"しかし、すいえい、りくじょうきょうぎなどの、あるていどまでたいりょくのひつようなきょうぎではだめでした。","words":[{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"水泳、","gloss":"swimming","reading":"すいえい"},{"text":"陸上","gloss":"track and field","reading":"りくじょう"},{"text":"競技","gloss":"track and field","reading":"きょうぎ"},{"text":"など","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"の、","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"a certain"},{"text":"程度","gloss":"extent","reading":"ていど"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"to"},{"text":"体力","gloss":"physical strength","reading":"たいりょく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"必要","gloss":"necessary","reading":"ひつよう"},{"text":"な","gloss":"necessary"},{"text":"競技","gloss":"events","reading":"きょうぎ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"だめ","gloss":"poorly"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L096.rd.003","source":"スポーツは 技術ばかりでなく、体力が 必要です。","translation":"Sports require not only skill but also physical strength.","reading":"スポーツはぎじゅつばかりでなく、たいりょくがひつようです。","words":[{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sports"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"技術","gloss":"skill","reading":"ぎじゅつ"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not"},{"text":"体力","gloss":"physical strength","reading":"たいりょく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"必要","gloss":"necessary","reading":"ひつよう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L096.rd.004","source":"日本人は 又 マラソンの 様な 持きゅう力の 必要な 競技にも 強いです。","translation":"The Japanese are also strong in events that require endurance, such as the marathon.","reading":"にほんじんはまたマラソンのようなじきゅうりょくのひつようなきょうぎにもつよいです。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese people"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese people"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"又","gloss":"also","reading":"また"},{"text":"マラソン","gloss":"marathon"},{"text":"の","gloss":"like"},{"text":"様","gloss":"like","reading":"よう"},{"text":"な","gloss":"like"},{"text":"持","gloss":"endurance","reading":"じ"},{"text":"きゅう","gloss":"endurance"},{"text":"力","gloss":"endurance","reading":"りょく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"必要","gloss":"necessary","reading":"ひつよう"},{"text":"な","gloss":"necessary"},{"text":"競技","gloss":"events","reading":"きょうぎ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"強い","gloss":"strong","reading":"つよい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L096.rd.005","source":"日本人ばかりでなく、一ぱんに 生活程度の 低い 国の 人は そういう 競技に 強いです。","translation":"In general, not only the Japanese but also people in countries with a low standard of living are strong in such events.","reading":"にほんじんばかりでなく、いっぱんにせいかつていどのひくいくにのひとはそういうきょうぎにつよいです。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese people"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese people"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not"},{"text":"一","gloss":"in general","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"ぱん","gloss":"in general"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in general"},{"text":"生活","gloss":"living standard","reading":"せいかつ"},{"text":"程度","gloss":"living standard","reading":"ていど"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"低い","gloss":"low","reading":"ひくい"},{"text":"国","gloss":"countries","reading":"くに"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"such"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"such"},{"text":"競技","gloss":"events","reading":"きょうぎ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"強い","gloss":"strong","reading":"つよい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.rd.005.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"の、","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"American long-distance Olympic success · Reading Selection 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Low endurance and Olympic success","paragraphs":["The passage contrasts relatively little American endurance with two long-distance gold medals.","*米国などは 生活程度が 高いにも かかわらず、国みんは わりあいに 持きゅう力が ありません* contrasts a high living standard with relatively little endurance.","It means \"Although countries such as the United States have a high standard of living, their people have relatively little endurance.\""]},{"title":"Confidence for future races","paragraphs":["*米国も これで 自信を えて、これから 長きょり 競走にも 力を 入れる 様に なると 思います* predicts greater effort in long-distance races.","The two gold medals provide the confidence for that expected change."]}],"lines":[{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L096.rd.006","source":"米国などは 生活程度が 高いにも かかわらず、国みんは わりあいに 持きゅう力が ありません。","translation":"Although countries such as the United States have a high standard of living, their people have relatively little endurance.","reading":"べいこくなどはせいかつていどがたかいにもかかわらず、こくみんはわりあいにじきゅうりょくがありません。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and similar"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"生活","gloss":"living standard","reading":"せいかつ"},{"text":"程度","gloss":"living standard","reading":"ていど"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"high","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"although"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"かかわら","gloss":"regardless"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"国","gloss":"their people","reading":"こく"},{"text":"みん","gloss":"their people"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"わりあい","gloss":"relatively"},{"text":"に","gloss":"relatively"},{"text":"持","gloss":"endurance","reading":"じ"},{"text":"きゅう","gloss":"endurance"},{"text":"力","gloss":"endurance","reading":"りょく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L096.rd.007","source":"しかしながら、今度の オリンピックでは 米国の 弱い 競技と されている 五千メートル、一万メートル 長きょり 競走で 金メダルを もらいました。","translation":"However, at the recent Olympics, the United States won gold medals in the 5,000-meter and 10,000-meter long-distance races, which had been considered weak events for the United States.","reading":"しかしながら、こんどのオリンピックではべいこくのよわいきょうぎとされているごせんメートル、いちまんメートルちょうきょりきょうそうできんメダルをもらいました。","words":[{"text":"しかし","gloss":"however"},{"text":"ながら、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"今度","gloss":"recent","reading":"こんど"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"オリンピック","gloss":"Olympics"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"弱い","gloss":"weak","reading":"よわい"},{"text":"競技","gloss":"events","reading":"きょうぎ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"considered"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"considered"},{"text":"て","gloss":"considered"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"considered"},{"text":"五千","gloss":"5,000","reading":"ごせん"},{"text":"メートル、","gloss":"meters"},{"text":"一","gloss":"10,000","reading":"いち"},{"text":"万","gloss":"10,000","reading":"まん"},{"text":"メートル","gloss":"meters"},{"text":"長","gloss":"long-distance","reading":"ちょう"},{"text":"きょり","gloss":"long-distance"},{"text":"競走","gloss":"races","reading":"きょうそう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"金","gloss":"gold","reading":"きん"},{"text":"メダル","gloss":"medals"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もらい","gloss":"received"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L096.rd.008","source":"ですから","translation":"Therefore,","reading":"ですから","words":[{"text":"です","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"から","gloss":"therefore"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L096.rd.009","source":"米国も これで 自信を えて、これから 長きょり 競走にも 力を 入れる 様に なると 思います。","translation":"I think this will give the United States confidence and it will begin putting more effort into long-distance races.","reading":"べいこくもこれでじしんをえて、これからちょうきょりきょうそうにもちからをいれるようになるとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"自信","gloss":"confidence","reading":"じしん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"え","gloss":"gain"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"now"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"長","gloss":"long-distance","reading":"ちょう"},{"text":"きょり","gloss":"long-distance"},{"text":"競走","gloss":"races","reading":"きょうそう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"力","gloss":"effort","reading":"ちから"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"入れる","gloss":"put","reading":"いれる"},{"text":"様","gloss":"so that","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.rd.009.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"しかし","gloss":"however, but"},{"word":"ながら、","gloss":"while (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"弱い","gloss":"weak"},{"word":"メートル、","gloss":"meter"},{"word":"自信","gloss":"confidence"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Tokyo Olympics and Japanese results · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Olympic results and popular sports","paragraphs":["The questions ask where the Olympics were held, how they were received, and which sports are popular in Japan. They also ask about Japan's results.","*日本で さかんに 行なわれている モダンな スポーツには どんなのが ありますか* means \"What kinds of modern sports are popular in Japan?\"","An answer names sports from the passage, such as *陸上競技、体操、バスケット・ボール、野球、ピンポン、バレー・ボール、水泳*."]}],"lines":[{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L096.q.001","source":"第十八回 オリンピックゲームは 東京で 行なわれました。しせつや 運営が よかったので、物すごい ひょうばんでした。日本では モダンな スポーツとして 陸上競技、体操、バスケット・ボール、野球、ピンポン、バレー・ボール、水泳などが さかんです。米国で さかんな フットボールは 何しろ、お金の かかる スポーツですから、ある 大学では やっていますが、まだ 一ぱん的では ありません。日本は 今度の オリンピックで 器械体操、レスリング、じゅう道、バレーボールなどの 技術の 競争では","translation":"The eighteenth Olympic Games were held in Tokyo. Because the facilities and management were good, they were extremely well received. In Japan, modern sports such as track and field, gymnastics, basketball, baseball, table tennis, volleyball, and swimming are popular. Football, which is popular in the United States, is played at some universities, but it is not yet widespread because it is, after all, an expensive sport. At the recent Olympics, Japan did very well in competitions of skill such as apparatus gymnastics, wrestling, judo, and volleyball.","reading":"だいじゅうはちかいオリンピックゲームはとうきょうでおこなわれました。しせつやうんえいがよかったので、ものすごいひょうばんでした。にほんではモダンなスポーツとしてりくじょうきょうぎ、たいそう、バスケット・ボール、やきゅう、ピンポン、バレー・ボール、すいえいなどがさかんです。べいこくでさかんなフットボールはなにしろ、おかねのかかるスポーツですから、あるだいがくではやっていますが、まだいっぱんてきではありません。にほんはこんどのオリンピックできかいたいそう、レスリング、じゅうどう、バレーボールなどのぎじゅつのきょうそうでは","words":[{"text":"第","gloss":"eighteenth","reading":"だい"},{"text":"十","gloss":"eighteenth","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eighteenth","reading":"はち"},{"text":"回","gloss":"eighteenth","reading":"かい"},{"text":"オリンピック","gloss":"Olympic"},{"text":"ゲーム","gloss":"Games"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"行なわ","gloss":"held","reading":"おこなわ"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"},{"text":"しせつ","gloss":"facilities"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"運営","gloss":"management","reading":"うんえい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"good"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"物すごい","gloss":"extremely","reading":"ものすごい"},{"text":"ひょうばん","gloss":"well received"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"モダン","gloss":"modern"},{"text":"な","gloss":"modern"},{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sports"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"陸上","gloss":"track and field","reading":"りくじょう"},{"text":"競技、","gloss":"track and field","reading":"きょうぎ"},{"text":"体操、","gloss":"gymnastics","reading":"たいそう"},{"text":"バスケット・","gloss":"basketball"},{"text":"ボール、","gloss":"basketball"},{"text":"野球、","gloss":"baseball","reading":"やきゅう"},{"text":"ピンポン、","gloss":"table tennis"},{"text":"バレー・","gloss":"volleyball"},{"text":"ボール、","gloss":"volleyball"},{"text":"水泳","gloss":"swimming","reading":"すいえい"},{"text":"など","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"さかん","gloss":"popular"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"さかん","gloss":"popular"},{"text":"な","gloss":"popular"},{"text":"フットボール","gloss":"football"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何しろ、","gloss":"after all","reading":"なにしろ"},{"text":"お","gloss":"money"},{"text":"金","gloss":"money","reading":"かね"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"かかる","gloss":"costly"},{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sport"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"大学","gloss":"universities","reading":"だいがく"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"play"},{"text":"て","gloss":"play"},{"text":"い","gloss":"play"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"一","gloss":"widespread","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"ぱん","gloss":"widespread"},{"text":"的","gloss":"widespread","reading":"てき"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今度","gloss":"recent","reading":"こんど"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"オリンピック","gloss":"Olympics"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"器械","gloss":"apparatus gymnastics","reading":"きかい"},{"text":"体操、","gloss":"apparatus gymnastics","reading":"たいそう"},{"text":"レスリング、","gloss":"wrestling"},{"text":"じゅう","gloss":"judo"},{"text":"道、","gloss":"judo","reading":"どう"},{"text":"バレーボール","gloss":"volleyball"},{"text":"など","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"技術","gloss":"skill","reading":"ぎじゅつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"競争","gloss":"competitions","reading":"きょうそう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.q.001.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L096.q.002","source":"第十八回 オリンピックは どこで 行なわれましたか。","translation":"Where were the eighteenth Olympic Games held?","reading":"だいじゅうはちかいオリンピックはどこでおこなわれましたか。","words":[{"text":"第","gloss":"eighteenth","reading":"だい"},{"text":"十","gloss":"eighteenth","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eighteenth","reading":"はち"},{"text":"回","gloss":"eighteenth","reading":"かい"},{"text":"オリンピック","gloss":"Olympics"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"行なわ","gloss":"held","reading":"おこなわ"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.q.002.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L096.q.003","source":"ひょうばんは どうでしたか。","translation":"How were they received?","reading":"ひょうばんはどうでしたか。","words":[{"text":"ひょうばん","gloss":"reception"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.q.003.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L096.q.004","source":"日本で さかんに 行なわれている モダンな スポーツには どんなのが ありますか。","translation":"What kinds of modern sports are popular in Japan?","reading":"にほんでさかんにおこなわれているモダンなスポーツにはどんなのがありますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"さかん","gloss":"popular"},{"text":"に","gloss":"popularly"},{"text":"行なわ","gloss":"practiced","reading":"おこなわ"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are"},{"text":"モダン","gloss":"modern"},{"text":"な","gloss":"modern"},{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sports"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.q.004.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L096.q.005","source":"米国で さかんな フットボールは 日本では どうですか。","translation":"What about football, which is popular in the United States, in Japan?","reading":"べいこくでさかんなフットボールはにほんではどうですか。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"さかん","gloss":"popular"},{"text":"な","gloss":"popular"},{"text":"フットボール","gloss":"football"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.q.005.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L096.q.006","source":"今度の 東京 オリンピックで 日本は どうでしたか。","translation":"How did Japan do at the recent Tokyo Olympics?","reading":"こんどのとうきょうオリンピックでにほんはどうでしたか。","words":[{"text":"今度","gloss":"recent","reading":"こんど"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"オリンピック","gloss":"Olympics"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.q.006.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L096.q.007","source":"どんな スポーツで よい せいせきを あげましたか。","translation":"In what sports did Japan achieve good results?","reading":"どんなスポーツでよいせいせきをあげましたか。","words":[{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sports"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"せいせき","gloss":"results"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あげ","gloss":"achieve"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.q.007.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L096.q.008","source":"なぜ 水泳、陸上 競技などは だめでしたか。","translation":"Why did Japan do poorly in swimming, track and field, and similar events?","reading":"なぜすいえい、りくじょうきょうぎなどはだめでしたか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"水泳、","gloss":"swimming","reading":"すいえい"},{"text":"陸上","gloss":"track and field","reading":"りくじょう"},{"text":"競技","gloss":"track and field","reading":"きょうぎ"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and similar"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"だめ","gloss":"poorly"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.q.008.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"体操、","gloss":"gymnastics; calisthenics"},{"word":"野球、","gloss":"baseball"},{"word":"道、","gloss":"road, street"},{"word":"バレーボール","gloss":"volleyball"},{"word":"競争","gloss":"competition, race"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Endurance and long-distance competition · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Endurance and long-distance races","paragraphs":["The questions ask about endurance, American results in long-distance races, and future emphasis on those events.","*日本人は 持きゅう力の 必要な 競走には どうですか* means \"How do the Japanese do in races that require endurance?\"","An answer states that the Japanese are strong in such races. Other answers state the American results and their expected effect."]}],"lines":[{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L096.q.009","source":"スポーツは 技術だけが 必要ですか。","translation":"Do sports require only skill?","reading":"スポーツはぎじゅつだけがひつようですか。","words":[{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sports"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"技術","gloss":"skill","reading":"ぎじゅつ"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"必要","gloss":"necessary","reading":"ひつよう"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.q.009.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L096.q.010","source":"日本人は 持きゅう力の 必要な 競走には どうですか。","translation":"How do the Japanese do in races that require endurance?","reading":"にほんじんはじきゅうりょくのひつようなきょうそうにはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese people"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese people"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"持","gloss":"endurance","reading":"じ"},{"text":"きゅう","gloss":"endurance"},{"text":"力","gloss":"endurance","reading":"りょく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"必要","gloss":"necessary","reading":"ひつよう"},{"text":"な","gloss":"necessary"},{"text":"競走","gloss":"races","reading":"きょうそう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.q.010.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L096.q.011","source":"一ぱんに 生活程度の 低い 国の 人は どんな 競技に 強いですか。","translation":"In general, what kinds of events are people from countries with a low standard of living strong in?","reading":"いっぱんにせいかつていどのひくいくにのひとはどんなきょうぎにつよいですか。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"in general","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"ぱん","gloss":"in general"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in general"},{"text":"生活","gloss":"living standard","reading":"せいかつ"},{"text":"程度","gloss":"living standard","reading":"ていど"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"低い","gloss":"low","reading":"ひくい"},{"text":"国","gloss":"countries","reading":"くに"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"競技","gloss":"events","reading":"きょうぎ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"強い","gloss":"strong","reading":"つよい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.q.011.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L096.q.012","source":"米国の 国みんなどは どうですか。","translation":"What about people in the United States and similar countries?","reading":"べいこくのこくみんなどはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"国","gloss":"people","reading":"こく"},{"text":"みん","gloss":"people"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and similar"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.q.012.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L096.q.013","source":"米国の 弱い 競技と されていたのは どんな 競技でしたか。","translation":"What events had been considered weak events for the United States?","reading":"べいこくのよわいきょうぎとされていたのはどんなきょうぎでしたか。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"弱い","gloss":"weak","reading":"よわい"},{"text":"競技","gloss":"events","reading":"きょうぎ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"considered"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"considered"},{"text":"て","gloss":"considered"},{"text":"い","gloss":"considered"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"競技","gloss":"events","reading":"きょうぎ"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.q.013.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L096.q.014","source":"この 長きょり 競走で 米国は どうでしたか。","translation":"How did the United States do in these long-distance races?","reading":"このちょうきょりきょうそうでべいこくはどうでしたか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"these"},{"text":"長","gloss":"long-distance","reading":"ちょう"},{"text":"きょり","gloss":"long-distance"},{"text":"競走","gloss":"races","reading":"きょうそう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.q.014.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L096.q.015","source":"米国も これで 自信を えましたか。","translation":"Did this give the United States confidence?","reading":"べいこくもこれでじしんをえましたか。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"自信","gloss":"confidence","reading":"じしん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"え","gloss":"gain"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.q.015.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L096.q.016","source":"これから 長きょり 競走に 力を 入れますか。","translation":"Will the United States put more effort into long-distance races from now on?","reading":"これからちょうきょりきょうそうにちからをいれますか。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"now"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"長","gloss":"long-distance","reading":"ちょう"},{"text":"きょり","gloss":"long-distance"},{"text":"競走","gloss":"races","reading":"きょうそう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"力","gloss":"effort","reading":"ちから"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"入れ","gloss":"put","reading":"いれ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.q.016.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Olympic events and spectators · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Olympic events and spectators","paragraphs":["These words cover the Olympics, their organization, athletic events, and the people who watch them.","*オリンピック* means \"Olympic\" or \"Olympiad.\" *しせつ* means \"facility.\"","*見物人* means \"spectator.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.001","source":"けちんぼう","translation":"a miser,","reading":"けちんぼう","words":[{"text":"けちんぼう","gloss":"miser"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.001.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.002","source":"行なわれる","translation":"put in practice; conduct (v.t.)","reading":"おこなわれる","words":[{"text":"行なわれる","gloss":"be conducted","reading":"おこなわれる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.002.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.003","source":"オリンピック","translation":"Olympic; Olympiad","reading":"オリンピック","words":[{"text":"オリンピック","gloss":"Olympics"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.003.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.004","source":"しせつ","translation":"facility","reading":"しせつ","words":[{"text":"しせつ","gloss":"facility"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.004.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.005","source":"運営(する)","translation":"administration; management (v.t.)","reading":"うんえい(する)","words":[{"text":"運営(する)","gloss":"management","reading":"うんえい(する)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.005.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.006","source":"陸上競技","translation":"track and field","reading":"りくじょうきょうぎ","words":[{"text":"陸上競技","gloss":"track and field","reading":"りくじょうきょうぎ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.006.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.007","source":"体操","translation":"gymnastics; calisthenics","reading":"たいそう","words":[{"text":"体操","gloss":"gymnastics","reading":"たいそう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.007.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.008","source":"バスケットボール","translation":"basketball","reading":"バスケットボール","words":[{"text":"バスケットボール","gloss":"basketball"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.008.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.009","source":"運動会","translation":"athletic meeting","reading":"うんどうかい","words":[{"text":"運動会","gloss":"athletic meet","reading":"うんどうかい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.009.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.010","source":"見物人","translation":"spectator","reading":"けんぶつにん","words":[{"text":"見物人","gloss":"spectator","reading":"けんぶつにん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.010.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.011","source":"にぎやか","translation":"merry; crowded; flourishing; gay","reading":"にぎやか","words":[{"text":"にぎやか","gloss":"lively"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"行なわれる","gloss":"put in practice; conduct (v.t.)"},{"word":"運営(する)","gloss":"administration; management (v.t.)"},{"word":"陸上競技","gloss":"track and field"},{"word":"バスケットボール","gloss":"basketball"},{"word":"運動会","gloss":"athletic meeting"},{"word":"見物人","gloss":"spectator"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Sports, skill and stamina words · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Sports, skill, and strength","paragraphs":["These words cover popular sports, competition, physical ability, and results.","*競技* means \"athletic events\" or \"athletic competition.\" *技術* means \"technique\" or \"skill.\"","*体力* means \"physical strength\" or \"stamina.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.012","source":"フットボール","translation":"football; rugby game","reading":"フットボール","words":[{"text":"フットボール","gloss":"football"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.012.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.013","source":"一ぱん的","translation":"generally practiced","reading":"いっぱんてき","words":[{"text":"一ぱん的","gloss":"generally practiced","reading":"いっぱんてき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.013.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.014","source":"お金の かかる","translation":"that which is expensive; that which takes money","reading":"おかねのかかる","words":[{"text":"お金のかかる","gloss":"expensive","reading":"おかねのかかる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.014.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.015","source":"何しろ -- から","translation":"because","reading":"なにしろ--から","words":[{"text":"何しろ--から","gloss":"because","reading":"なにしろ--から"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.015.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.016","source":"ピンポン","translation":"pingpong","reading":"ピンポン","words":[{"text":"ピンポン","gloss":"table tennis"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.016.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.017","source":"バレーボール","translation":"volleyball","reading":"バレーボール","words":[{"text":"バレーボール","gloss":"volleyball"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.017.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.018","source":"競技","translation":"athletic events; athletic competition","reading":"きょうぎ","words":[{"text":"競技","gloss":"athletic events","reading":"きょうぎ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.018.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.019","source":"技術","translation":"technique, skill","reading":"ぎじゅつ","words":[{"text":"技術","gloss":"skill","reading":"ぎじゅつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.019.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.020","source":"体力","translation":"physical strength, stamina","reading":"たいりょく","words":[{"text":"体力","gloss":"physical strength","reading":"たいりょく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.020.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.021","source":"器械体操","translation":"heavy gymnastics","reading":"きかいたいそう","words":[{"text":"器械体操","gloss":"apparatus gymnastics","reading":"きかいたいそう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.021.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.022","source":"せいせき","translation":"accomplishment; feat","reading":"せいせき","words":[{"text":"せいせき","gloss":"results"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"一ぱん的","gloss":"generally practiced"},{"word":"お金のかかる","gloss":"that which is expensive; that which takes money"},{"word":"何しろ--から","gloss":"because"},{"word":"ピンポン","gloss":"pingpong"},{"word":"器械体操","gloss":"heavy gymnastics"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Marathons, medals and competition words · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Endurance, medals, and contrast","paragraphs":["These words cover endurance, medals, long-distance competition, national populations, and contrast.","*持きゅう力* means \"stamina\" or \"ability to sustain.\" *金メタル* means \"gold medal.\"","*にも かかわらず* means \"in spite of\" or \"despite.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.023","source":"よい せいせきを あげました。","translation":"obtained good result","reading":"よいせいせきをあげました。","words":[{"text":"よいせいせきをあげました。","gloss":"obtained good results"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.023.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.024","source":"マラソン","translation":"marathon race","reading":"マラソン","words":[{"text":"マラソン","gloss":"marathon race"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.024.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.025","source":"持きゅう力","translation":"stamina; ability to sustain","reading":"じきゅうりょく","words":[{"text":"持きゅう力","gloss":"stamina","reading":"じきゅうりょく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.025.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.026","source":"金メタル","translation":"gold medal","reading":"きんメタル","words":[{"text":"金メタル","gloss":"gold medal","reading":"きんメタル"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.026.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.027","source":"長きょり","translation":"long distance","reading":"ちょうきょり","words":[{"text":"長きょり","gloss":"long distance","reading":"ちょうきょり"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.027.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.028","source":"力を いれる","translation":"emphasize; stress (v.t.)","reading":"ちからをいれる","words":[{"text":"力をいれる","gloss":"emphasize","reading":"ちからをいれる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.028.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.029","source":"国みん","translation":"people of a nation","reading":"こくみん","words":[{"text":"国みん","gloss":"nation’s people","reading":"こくみん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.029.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.030","source":"--にも かかわらず","translation":"in spite of; despite; notwithstanding (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"--にもかかわらず","words":[{"text":"--にもかかわらず","gloss":"despite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.030.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.031","source":"える","translation":"to gain","reading":"える","words":[{"text":"える","gloss":"gain"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.031.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L096.w.032","source":"競争","translation":"competition, race","reading":"きょうそう","words":[{"text":"競争","gloss":"competition","reading":"きょうそう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L096.w.032.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":2,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\n1a Talk about popular modern sports in Japan.\n\n1b Talk about the last Olympics at Tokyo — how did Japan do? —in what events was Japan strong? — how did the United States do? -- in what events was the United States weak?\n\n2 Visual Cues: Look at the pictures on page 8 to 13 and talk about them."},{"section":3,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.\n\n2 Study Grammar Perception Drill.\n\n3 Study Pattern Practice and do the exercise given following each pattern.\n\n4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.\n\n5 Read the Explanatory Notes.\n\n6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercise given."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"よいせいせきをあげました。","gloss":"obtained good result"},{"word":"持きゅう力","gloss":"stamina; ability to sustain"},{"word":"金メタル","gloss":"gold medal"},{"word":"長きょり","gloss":"long distance"},{"word":"力をいれる","gloss":"emphasize; stress (v.t.)"},{"word":"国みん","gloss":"people of a nation"},{"word":"--にもかかわらず","gloss":"in spite of; despite; notwithstanding (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"える","gloss":"to gain"}],"paradigms":[]}]}