{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L100","title":"Lesson 100","stage":"Reading Japan","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 100: crowds climbing mount fuji · dialogue 1 of 3, causes of climbing accidents · dialogue 2 of 3, reckless winter climbing · dialogue 3 of 3, saying not at all · perception drill, complete absence and inability · pattern 1 1 of 3, denying knowledge and possibility · pattern 1 2 of 3, asking about abilities and events · pattern 1 3 of 3, mount fuji climbing boom · reading selection 1 of 2, causes and numbers of accidents · reading selection 2 of 2, mount fuji climbing questions · questions 1 of 2, mountain accident questions · questions 2 of 2, climbing routes and crowds · word list 1 of 3, sunrise, risks.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/98","lines":104},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/97","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/99","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Crowds climbing Mount Fuji · Dialogue 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Crowds on Mount Fuji","paragraphs":["Two people discuss the recent popularity of mountain climbing in Japan. *日本では 登山は さかんだね。おどろいたよ* means \"Mountain climbing is very popular in Japan, isn't it? I surely was surprised.\"","They describe summer crowds on Mount Fuji and people climbing day and night."]},{"title":"Everybody takes up climbing","paragraphs":["*ねこも しゃくしも* literally means \"including cats and rice scoopers\". The expression came to mean \"everybody\".","*ねこも しゃくしも 登山、登山と 言ってね* describes everybody clamoring for mountain climbing."]},{"title":"Kanji: 登, 混, 危","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L100.dlg.001","source":"日本では 登山は さかんだね。おどろいたよ。","translation":"Mountain climbing is very popular in Japan, isn't it? I surely was surprised.","reading":"にほんではとざんはさかんだね。おどろいたよ。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さかん","gloss":"popular"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"おどろい","gloss":"was surprised"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was surprised"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L100.dlg.002","source":"近年 特に さかんに なって 来たよ。ねこも しゃくしも 登山、登山と 言ってね。","translation":"It has become popular especially in recent years—everybody clamors for mountain climbing.","reading":"きんねんとくにさかんになってきたよ。ねこもしゃくしもとざん、とざんといってね。","words":[{"text":"近年","gloss":"recent years","reading":"きんねん"},{"text":"特に","gloss":"especially","reading":"とくに"},{"text":"さかん","gloss":"popular"},{"text":"に","gloss":"becomes"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"has become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"has become"},{"text":"来","gloss":"has become","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"has become"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"ねこ","gloss":"everyone"},{"text":"も","gloss":"everyone"},{"text":"しゃくし","gloss":"everyone"},{"text":"も","gloss":"everyone"},{"text":"登山、","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"say"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you know"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L100.dlg.003","source":"富士山などは 夏には おすなおすなの 混雑だそうだね。","translation":"I understand Mt. Fuji is terribly congested in the summer, is that right?","reading":"ふじさんなどはなつにはおすなおすなのこんざつだそうだね。","words":[{"text":"富士","gloss":"Mount Fuji","reading":"ふじ"},{"text":"山","gloss":"Mount Fuji","reading":"さん"},{"text":"など","gloss":"such places"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"packed"},{"text":"すなお","gloss":"packed"},{"text":"すな","gloss":"packed"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"混雑","gloss":"congestion","reading":"こんざつ"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L100.dlg.004","source":"新聞によると そうらしいね。夜も 昼も おしかけるらしい。","translation":"It seems that way according to the newspaper. It seems people throng to there day and night.","reading":"しんぶんによるとそうらしいね。よるもひるもおしかけるらしい。","words":[{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"と","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"that way"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"昼","gloss":"day","reading":"ひる"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"おしかける","gloss":"throng there"},{"text":"らしい。","gloss":"seem to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L100.dlg.005","source":"登山道が よくて、別に 危険な 所も ないので、夜昼 登るんだろう。","translation":"The mountain climbing route is good and there is no particularly dangerous place, so people probably climb day and night.","reading":"とざんどうがよくて、べつにきけんなところもないので、よるひるのぼるんだろう。","words":[{"text":"登山","gloss":"climbing route","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"道","gloss":"climbing route","reading":"どう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"is good"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"is good"},{"text":"別","gloss":"particularly","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"particularly"},{"text":"危険","gloss":"dangerous","reading":"きけん"},{"text":"な","gloss":"dangerous"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"none"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"夜昼","gloss":"day and night","reading":"よるひる"},{"text":"登る","gloss":"climb","reading":"のぼる"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.dlg.005.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"ZENZEN — NAI Followed by negative verbs, ZENZEN — NAI expresses an idea of \"doesn't do such-and-such at all\".\n\nSONNA KOTO WA ZENZEN SHIRANAKATTA. I didn't know such a thing at all.\n\nNICHIYOO NIWA ZENZEN BENKYOO SHINAI. I don't study at all on Sundays.\n\nANO HITO NO IU KOTO WA ZENZEN WAKARANAI. I don't understand what he says at all.\n\nSONNA KOTO WA ZENZEN MONDAI DE WA NAI. Such a thing is not a problem at all.\n\nZENZEN is also used with an affirmative word to mean \"utterly\", \"completely\", \"wholly\", \"altogether\", etc.\n\nKIMI WA ZENZEN MACHIGATTE IRU. You are utterly mistaken.\n\nBOKU WA ZENZEN HANTAI DA. I am dead against it.\n\nANO SEITO WA HATSUON WA ZENZEN DAME DA. That student's pronunciation is not good at all."},{"section":2,"text":"SA — \"indeed\", \"I assure you\", \"I say\". SA is a suffix of emphasis which occurs in men's informal speech. Its meaning is similar to that of YO, but it is softer and less assertive. It does not follow the imperative form.\n\nSOO SA / SOO DA YO That's right\n\nSUKI KA? / DAISUKI SA Do you like it? / Yes, indeed I do.\n\nSONNA KOTO WA ATARIMAE SA. That goes without saying.\n\nMOCHIRON SA. Certainly, it is.\n\nIKU SA Of course, I go."},{"section":3,"text":"Japan Alps The title Japan Alps is given to the volcanic ranges extending from north to south through the central and widest part of HONSHUU. This title was first used by Mr. William Gowland, an English engineer connected with the Osaka Mint about half a century ago, and was later used by the Rev. Walter Weston in his work \"Mountaineering and Exploration in the Japanese Alps\" (1896), in which he compares them with their European prototype in ruggedness, the variety of their alpine flora, and their bird and animal life. In recent years, interest in mountaineering in Japan has increased greatly, and more and more persons visit the mountains every year for pleasure, health, or scientific investigation. The Japanese Alps consist of three lofty ridges called respectively Southern, Central, and Northern Alps. More detailed description of these will be made in the next lesson."},{"section":4,"text":"Mt. Fuji \"It is as foolish not to climb Mt. Fuji as to climb it twice in life\" is a common saying in Japan, and every Japanese of either sex makes it a life's cherished hope to ascend the \"sacred mountain\", as Mt. Fuji is regarded. It is considered to be a great honor to any climber to \"worship the Goraikoo\" (literally, Honorable-coming-light) or the sun at its rising from the top of the mountain."},{"section":5,"text":"neko mo shakushi mo Literally this expression means \"including cats and rice scoopers\", and it came to mean \"everybody\". It is somewhat similar to the English expression, \"Every Tom, Dick and Harry\"."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"近年","gloss":"recent years"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ねこ","gloss":"cat"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"山","gloss":"mountain"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"夏","gloss":"summer"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"混雑","gloss":"congestion; disorder; confusion; bustle"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"夜","gloss":"night, evening"},{"word":"おしかける","gloss":"throng; storm; intrude; go uninvited (v.i.)"},{"word":"道","gloss":"road, street"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"},{"word":"夜昼","gloss":"day and night"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Causes of climbing accidents · Dialogue 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A sacred mountain","paragraphs":["The speakers turn from crowded trails to reasons for climbing and for accidents.","Mt. Fuji is regarded as the sacred mountain. Reaching its top to worship the sunrise is a great honor for a climber.","*日の出を おがむ* means \"worship the sunrise\". Many climbers therefore leave the foot of the mountain at night."]},{"title":"Soft emphasis","paragraphs":["*さ* is a suffix of emphasis in men's informal speech. It is softer and less assertive than *YO*.","In *それで 登る人も 多い わけさ*, it softly underscores the conclusion that many people climb for that reason."]},{"title":"Kanji: 宗, 記","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 流","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L100.dlg.006","source":"それに 富士登山は 宗教的な 意味が あるんだ。それで 登る人も 多い わけさ。日の出を おがむとか 言って、夜 ふもとを 立つんだ。","translation":"Furthermore, Fuji climbing has a religious significance. For that reason, there are many climbers. People start out from the foot of a mountain at night saying that they are going to worship the sunrise.","reading":"それにふじとざんはしゅうきょうてきないみがあるんだ。それでのぼるひともおおいわけさ。ひのでをおがむとかいって、よるふもとをたつんだ。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"furthermore"},{"text":"に","gloss":"furthermore"},{"text":"富士","gloss":"Fuji climbing","reading":"ふじ"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"Fuji climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"宗教","gloss":"religious","reading":"しゅうきょう"},{"text":"的","gloss":"religious","reading":"てき"},{"text":"な","gloss":"religious"},{"text":"意味","gloss":"significance","reading":"いみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"で","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"登る","gloss":"climb","reading":"のぼる"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"わけ","gloss":"reason"},{"text":"さ。","gloss":"you see"},{"text":"日の出","gloss":"sunrise"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おがむ","gloss":"worship"},{"text":"と","gloss":"things like"},{"text":"か","gloss":"things like"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"say"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"ふもと","gloss":"mountain foot"},{"text":"を","gloss":"from"},{"text":"立つ","gloss":"set out","reading":"たつ"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.dlg.006.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L100.dlg.007","source":"新聞に 登山者の そうなんの 記事が よく 出るね。","translation":"Articles about mountain climbers' disaster appear in the newspaper often, don't they?","reading":"しんぶんにとざんしゃのそうなんのきじがよくでるね。","words":[{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbers","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"者","gloss":"mountain climbers","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"disaster"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"disaster"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"記事","gloss":"articles","reading":"きじ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"often"},{"text":"出る","gloss":"appear","reading":"でる"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L100.dlg.008","source":"ええ、近年 急に ふえたね。","translation":"Yes, they have suddenly increased in recent years, haven't they?","reading":"ええ、きんねんきゅうにふえたね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"近年","gloss":"recent years","reading":"きんねん"},{"text":"急","gloss":"suddenly","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"suddenly"},{"text":"ふえ","gloss":"increased"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L100.dlg.009","source":"なぜ なんかなあ。","translation":"I wonder why?","reading":"なぜなんかなあ。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"is it"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"なあ。","gloss":"I wonder"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L100.dlg.010","source":"理由は 色々 あるよ。その 一つは 登山の 流行で、ねこも しゃくしも 登山する。しかも 案内人を やとわないで 出かけるとか、必要な そう具なしに 出かけるとかね。","translation":"There are many reasons. One reason is that because of the popularity of mountain climbing, everybody climbs mountains. Furthermore, they set out without hiring a guide or set out without necessary equipment and many other reasons.","reading":"りゆうはいろいろあるよ。そのひとつはとざんのりゅうこうで、ねこもしゃくしもとざんする。しかもあんないにんをやとわないででかけるとか、ひつようなそうぐなしにでかけるとかね。","words":[{"text":"理由","gloss":"reasons","reading":"りゆう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"色々","gloss":"various","reading":"いろいろ"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"流行","gloss":"popularity","reading":"りゅうこう"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because of"},{"text":"ねこ","gloss":"everyone"},{"text":"も","gloss":"everyone"},{"text":"しゃくし","gloss":"everyone"},{"text":"も","gloss":"everyone"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"する。","gloss":"do"},{"text":"しかも","gloss":"furthermore"},{"text":"案内","gloss":"guides","reading":"あんない"},{"text":"人","gloss":"guides","reading":"にん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やとわ","gloss":"hire"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"without"},{"text":"出かける","gloss":"set out","reading":"でかける"},{"text":"と","gloss":"things like"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"things like"},{"text":"必要","gloss":"necessary","reading":"ひつよう"},{"text":"な","gloss":"necessary"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"equipment"},{"text":"具","gloss":"equipment","reading":"ぐ"},{"text":"なし","gloss":"without"},{"text":"に","gloss":"without"},{"text":"出かける","gloss":"set out","reading":"でかける"},{"text":"と","gloss":"things like"},{"text":"か","gloss":"things like"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you know"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.dlg.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"だ。","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"日の出","gloss":"sunrise; sunup"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"おがむ","gloss":"worship; pray; witness something with respect; adore (v.t.)"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ふもと","gloss":"foot of a mountain or hill"},{"word":"者","gloss":"person"},{"word":"記事","gloss":"newspaper article; news; reading matter"},{"word":"出る","gloss":"come out to the phone, go out, come out (vi)"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"},{"word":"理由","gloss":"reason"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"しかも","gloss":"furthermore"},{"word":"なし","gloss":"pear"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Reckless winter climbing · Dialogue 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Reckless winter climbing","paragraphs":["*むちゃな ぼう険を やるんだなあ* means \"They surely undertake a reckless adventure, don't they?\"","The speakers describe winter climbing without enough preparation and a student who met disaster in the Southern Alps.","*南アルプス* means \"the Southern Alps\", one of the three ridges of the Japan Alps."]},{"title":"No preparation at all","paragraphs":["*この間 南アルプスで、そうなんした 学生も ぼうかんの 用意は 全ぜんしてなかったらしいね* reports a student who met disaster there.","The negative expression *全ぜんしてなかった* says that he made no preparation at all against the cold."]}],"lines":[{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L100.dlg.011","source":"むちゃな ぼう険を やるんだなあ。","translation":"They surely undertake a reckless adventure, don't they?","reading":"むちゃなぼうけんをやるんだなあ。","words":[{"text":"むちゃ","gloss":"reckless"},{"text":"な","gloss":"reckless"},{"text":"ぼう","gloss":"adventure"},{"text":"険","gloss":"adventure","reading":"けん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やる","gloss":"undertake"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なあ。","gloss":"isn’t it?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L100.dlg.012","source":"そう。じゅう分 じゅんびも しないで、冬、雪の中を 登山したり、ひとりで 出かけたり。","translation":"Yes, like climbing a mountain in the snow in the winter without sufficient preparation or setting out climbing alone.","reading":"そう。じゅうぶんじゅんびもしないで、ふゆ、ゆきのなかをとざんしたり、ひとりででかけたり。","words":[{"text":"そう。","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"じゅう","gloss":"sufficient"},{"text":"分","gloss":"sufficient","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"じゅんび","gloss":"preparation"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"without"},{"text":"冬、","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"雪","gloss":"snow","reading":"ゆき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中","gloss":"midst","reading":"なか"},{"text":"を","gloss":"through"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"things like"},{"text":"ひとり","gloss":"alone"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by oneself"},{"text":"出かけ","gloss":"set out","reading":"でかけ"},{"text":"たり。","gloss":"things like"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.dlg.012.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L100.dlg.013","source":"この間 南アルプスで、そうなんした 学生も ぼうかんの 用意は 全ぜんしてなかったらしいね。","translation":"It seems that the student who met disaster in the Southern Alps the other day had no preparation at all for the protection against the cold.","reading":"このあいだみなみアルプスで、そうなんしたがくせいもぼうかんのよういはぜんぜんしてなかったらしいね。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"the other day"},{"text":"間","gloss":"the other day","reading":"あいだ"},{"text":"南アルプス","gloss":"Southern Alps","reading":"みなみあるぷす"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"in"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"met disaster"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"met disaster"},{"text":"し","gloss":"met disaster"},{"text":"た","gloss":"met disaster"},{"text":"学生","gloss":"student","reading":"がくせい"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ぼうかん","gloss":"cold protection"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"用意","gloss":"preparation","reading":"ようい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"全","gloss":"at all","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"ぜんし","gloss":"prepared at all"},{"text":"て","gloss":"prepared"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"did not prepare"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L100.dlg.014","source":"新聞に そんな 事が 書いて あったね。","translation":"That's what the newspaper said.","reading":"しんぶんにそんなことがかいてあったね。","words":[{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"そんな","gloss":"such"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"was written","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was written"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"was written"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.dlg.014.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"やる","gloss":"to do"},{"word":"そう。","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"分","gloss":"minute"},{"word":"じゅんび","gloss":"preparation"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"冬、","gloss":"winter"},{"word":"雪","gloss":"snow"},{"word":"南アルプス","gloss":"the Southern Alps (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"学生","gloss":"student (higher sch.)"},{"word":"ぼうかん","gloss":"protection against the cold"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying not at all · Perception drill","teaching":[{"title":"No preparation at all","paragraphs":["*ぼうかんの 用意は 全ぜんして なかった* means \"No preparation at all for the protection against the cold was made.\"","*全ぜん* with a negative verb means \"not at all\". It marks the complete absence of the action."]},{"title":"No ability at all","paragraphs":["*いいえ、私は アルコホールの はいった ものは 全ぜん飲めないのです* means \"No, I can't drink anything that has alcohol in it.\"","Here *全ぜん* strengthens the negative ability *飲めない*. The speaker cannot drink such things at all."]}],"lines":[{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L100.gp1.01","source":"ぼうかんの 用意は 全ぜんして なかった。","translation":"No preparation at all for the protection against the cold was made.","reading":"ぼうかんのよういはぜんぜんしてなかった。","words":[{"text":"ぼうかん","gloss":"cold protection"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"用意","gloss":"preparation","reading":"ようい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"全","gloss":"at all","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"ぜんし","gloss":"prepared at all"},{"text":"て","gloss":"prepared"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"did not prepare"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L100.gp1.02","source":"ビールは 飲めるのでしょう。","translation":"You can drink beer, can't you?","reading":"ビールはのめるのでしょう。","words":[{"text":"ビール","gloss":"beer"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"飲める","gloss":"can drink","reading":"のめる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L100.gp1.03","source":"いいえ、私は アルコホールの はいった ものは 全ぜん飲めないのです。","translation":"No, I can't drink anything that has alcohol in it.","reading":"いいえ、わたくしはアルコホールのはいったものはぜんぜんのめないのです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"アルコ","gloss":"alcohol"},{"text":"ホール","gloss":"alcohol"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はいっ","gloss":"contained"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"things"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"全","gloss":"at all","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"ぜん","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"飲め","gloss":"can drink","reading":"のめ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"cannot"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L100.gp1.04","source":"君は 今日 顔色が 少し 悪い様だが どうかしたのかね。","translation":"You look a little pale today, but is something wrong with you?","reading":"きみはきょうかおいろがすこしわるいようだがどうかしたのかね。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"顔色","gloss":"complexion","reading":"かおいろ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"poor","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"様","gloss":"appears","reading":"よう"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が","gloss":"but"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"し","gloss":"happened"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L100.gp1.05","source":"うん、昨晩 歯が いたくて、全ぜんねて いないのだ。","translation":"Yes, I had a toothache last night and I haven't slept at all.","reading":"うん、さくばんはがいたくて、ぜんぜんねていないのだ。","words":[{"text":"うん、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"昨晩","gloss":"last night","reading":"さくばん"},{"text":"歯","gloss":"tooth","reading":"は"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いたく","gloss":"hurt"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"hurt"},{"text":"全","gloss":"slept","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"ぜん","gloss":"slept"},{"text":"ね","gloss":"slept"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have not slept"},{"text":"い","gloss":"have not slept"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"have not slept"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L100.gp1.06","source":"スミスさんは このごろ 全ぜん勉強して いない様だね。","translation":"It seems Mr. Smith isn't studying at all these days, doesn't it?","reading":"スミスさんはこのごろぜんぜんべんきょうしていないようだね。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"このごろ","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"全","gloss":"at all","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"ぜん","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"is studying"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is studying"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is studying"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not studying"},{"text":"様","gloss":"seems","reading":"よう"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L100.gp1.07","source":"ええ、日本へ 行けない様に なったから、多分 勉強が きらいに なったのでしょう。","translation":"No, since it turned out that he can't go to Japan, he probably lost interest in studying.","reading":"ええ、にほんへいけないようになったから、たぶんべんきょうがきらいになったのでしょう。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行け","gloss":"can go","reading":"いけ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"cannot"},{"text":"様","gloss":"so that","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"多分","gloss":"probably","reading":"たぶん"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"studying","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"きらい","gloss":"disliked"},{"text":"に","gloss":"became"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L100.gp1.08","source":"君は 土曜日には 全ぜん勉強しないのですか。","translation":"Don't you study at all on Saturdays?","reading":"きみはどようびにはぜんぜんべんきょうしないのですか。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"どよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"全","gloss":"at all","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"ぜん","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L100.gp1.09","source":"うん、土曜日には 家族の ものと 一緒に 遊んだり、家の 仕事を したりしなければ ならないからね。","translation":"No, I have to spend a day with my family and do the work around the house on Saturdays, so ----.","reading":"うん、どようびにはかぞくのものといっしょにあそんだり、いえのしごとをしたりしなければならないからね。","words":[{"text":"うん、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"どよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"家族","gloss":"family","reading":"かぞく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"members"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"一緒","gloss":"together","reading":"いっしょ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"together"},{"text":"遊ん","gloss":"spend time","reading":"あそん"},{"text":"だり、","gloss":"things like"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"things like"},{"text":"し","gloss":"must do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must do"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must do"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"must do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"must do"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you know"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L100.gp1.10","source":"田村さんは 耳が 遠いのですね。","translation":"Mr. Tamura is hard of hearing, isn't he?","reading":"たむらさんはみみがとおいのですね。","words":[{"text":"田村","gloss":"Tamura","reading":"たむら"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"hearing","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"遠い","gloss":"hard of hearing","reading":"とおい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L100.gp1.11","source":"ええ、左の 耳は 全ぜん 聞えない そうです。","translation":"Yes, I understand he can't hear with his left ear at all.","reading":"ええ、ひだりのみみはぜんぜんきこえないそうです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"左","gloss":"left","reading":"ひだり"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"ear","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"全","gloss":"at all","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"ぜん","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"聞え","gloss":"can hear","reading":"きこえ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"cannot"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.gp1.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ビール","gloss":"beer"},{"word":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"君","gloss":"suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)"},{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"},{"word":"うん、","gloss":"Yes, all right."},{"word":"い","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"きらい","gloss":"dislike (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"遠い","gloss":"far"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Complete absence and inability · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"No knowledge at all","paragraphs":["*田中さんの 奥さんの 病気の事は 全ぜん 知りませんでした* means \"I did not know at all about Mrs. Tanaka's illness.\"","The *全ぜん* used with negative statements also applies to rain, study, and understanding in these lines."]},{"title":"No use or success at all","paragraphs":["*この 字引は この 学校の 生徒には 全ぜん役に立ちません* means \"This dictionary is of no use at all to the students at this school.\"","Other lines use the pattern for having no luck, being unable to see, and not using Japanese at home."]}],"lines":[{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.m1","source":"田中さんの 奥さんの 病気の事は 全ぜん 知りませんでした。","translation":"I did not know at all about Mrs. Tanaka's illness.","reading":"たなかさんのおくさんのびょうきのことはぜんぜんしりませんでした。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mrs."},{"text":"の","gloss":"Mrs. Tanaka"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"about"},{"text":"事","gloss":"matter","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"全","gloss":"at all","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"ぜん","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"知り","gloss":"know","reading":"しり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"did not know"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"did not know"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"did not know"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.01","source":"今年は まだ 雨が 全ぜん降りません。","translation":"It has not rained at all yet this year.","reading":"ことしはまだあめがぜんぜんふりません。","words":[{"text":"今年","gloss":"this year","reading":"ことし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"全","gloss":"at all","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"ぜん","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"does not rain"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"does not rain"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.02","source":"私は かん字は 全ぜん習いませんでした。","translation":"I did not study kanji at all.","reading":"わたくしはかんじはぜんぜんならいませんでした。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"全","gloss":"at all","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"ぜん","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"習い","gloss":"study","reading":"ならい"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"did not study"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"did not study"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"did not study"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.03","source":"私は フランス語は 全ぜんわかりません。","translation":"I do not understand French at all.","reading":"わたくしはフランスごはぜんぜんわかりません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"フランス","gloss":"French"},{"text":"語","gloss":"French","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"全","gloss":"at all","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"ぜん","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"do not understand"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"do not understand"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.04","source":"この 字引は この 学校の 生徒には 全ぜん役に立ちません。","translation":"This dictionary is of no use at all to the students at this school.","reading":"このじびきはこのがっこうのせいとにはぜんぜんやくにたちません。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"字引","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"じびき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"全","gloss":"at all","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"ぜん","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"役","gloss":"use","reading":"やく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"useful"},{"text":"立ち","gloss":"is useful","reading":"たち"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not useful"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not useful"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.05","source":"昨日 魚釣りに 行きましたが、全ぜんだめでした。","translation":"I went fishing yesterday, but I had no luck at all.","reading":"きのうさかなつりにいきましたが、ぜんぜんだめでした。","words":[{"text":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday","reading":"きのう"},{"text":"魚釣り","gloss":"fishing","reading":"さかなつり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"went","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"went"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"全","gloss":"at all","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"ぜん","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"だめ","gloss":"no luck"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.06","source":"大木さんは 左の 目が 全ぜん見えない そうです。","translation":"I hear that Mr. Oki cannot see at all with his left eye.","reading":"おおきさんはひだりのめがぜんぜんみえないそうです。","words":[{"text":"大木","gloss":"Oki","reading":"おおき"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"左","gloss":"left","reading":"ひだり"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"目","gloss":"eye","reading":"め"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"全","gloss":"at all","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"ぜん","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"見え","gloss":"can see","reading":"みえ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"cannot"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.07","source":"スミスさんは 家へ 帰ったら 全ぜん日本語を 使わない そうです。","translation":"I hear that Mr. Smith does not use Japanese at all when he goes home.","reading":"スミスさんはいえへかえったらぜんぜんにほんごをつかわないそうです。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"goes home","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"when"},{"text":"全","gloss":"at all","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"ぜん","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"使わ","gloss":"use","reading":"つかわ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"今年","gloss":"this year"},{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday"},{"word":"だめ","gloss":"no good, useless,\nhopeless"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Denying knowledge and possibility · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Total lack with a negative","paragraphs":["*私は 全ぜんおぼえていませんね* means \"I do not remember him at all.\"","With a negative expression, *全ぜん* again marks total lack. The other lines apply it to knowledge, saving money, and using English."]},{"title":"Complete degree with an affirmative","paragraphs":["*うん、この 答えは 全ぜんちがっているな* means \"Yes, this answer is completely wrong.\"","With the affirmative expression *ちがっている*, *全ぜん* means \"completely\" rather than \"not at all\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.08","source":"そんな 事は 全ぜんぞんじていません。","translation":"I know nothing at all about that.","reading":"そんなことはぜんぜんぞんじていません。","words":[{"text":"そんな","gloss":"that kind of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"全","gloss":"at all","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"ぜん","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"ぞんじ","gloss":"do not know"},{"text":"て","gloss":"do not know"},{"text":"い","gloss":"do not know"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"do not know"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"do not know"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.09","source":"パーカーさんは 八年ぐらい 前に この 学校の 生徒だった そうですが、おぼえていますか。","translation":"I hear that Mr. Parker was a student at this school about eight years ago; do you remember him?","reading":"パーカーさんははちねんぐらいまえにこのがっこうのせいとだったそうですが、おぼえていますか。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight","reading":"はち"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"前","gloss":"ago","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"だっ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"て","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"い","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.10","source":"私は 全ぜんおぼえていませんね。","translation":"I do not remember him at all.","reading":"わたくしはぜんぜんおぼえていませんね。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"全","gloss":"at all","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"ぜん","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"do not remember"},{"text":"て","gloss":"do not remember"},{"text":"い","gloss":"do not remember"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"do not remember"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"do not remember"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.11","source":"先生、この 答えに 間違いが あるか どうか 見てください。","translation":"Teacher, please see whether there is a mistake in this answer.","reading":"せんせい、このこたえにまちがいがあるかどうかみてください。","words":[{"text":"先生、","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"答え","gloss":"answer","reading":"こたえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"間違い","gloss":"mistake","reading":"まちがい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"or not"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"見","gloss":"look","reading":"み"},{"text":"て","gloss":"look"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.12","source":"うん、この 答えは 全ぜんちがっているな。","translation":"Yes, this answer is completely wrong.","reading":"うん、このこたえはぜんぜんちがっているな。","words":[{"text":"うん、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"答え","gloss":"answer","reading":"こたえ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"全","gloss":"completely","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"ぜん","gloss":"completely"},{"text":"ちがっ","gloss":"is wrong"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is wrong"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is wrong"},{"text":"な。","gloss":"indeed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.13","source":"あなたは 毎月 いくらぐらい ちょ金していますか。","translation":"About how much do you save every month?","reading":"あなたはまいつきいくらぐらいちょきんしていますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎月","gloss":"every month","reading":"まいつき"},{"text":"いくら","gloss":"how much"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"ちょ","gloss":"save money"},{"text":"金","gloss":"save money","reading":"きん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are saving"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are saving"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are saving"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.14","source":"今の 月給では ちょ金は 全ぜん出来ませんね。","translation":"With my present salary, I cannot save any money at all.","reading":"いまのげっきゅうではちょきんはぜんぜんできませんね。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"present","reading":"いま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"月給","gloss":"salary","reading":"げっきゅう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"は","gloss":"as for"},{"text":"ちょ","gloss":"save money"},{"text":"金","gloss":"save money","reading":"きん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"全","gloss":"at all","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"ぜん","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"cannot","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"cannot"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"cannot"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.15","source":"この 学校の 生徒は 教室では 英語は 全ぜん使わないのですか。","translation":"Do the students at this school not use English at all in the classroom?","reading":"このがっこうのせいとはきょうしつではえいごはぜんぜんつかわないのですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"教室","gloss":"classroom","reading":"きょうしつ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"as for"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"全","gloss":"at all","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"ぜん","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"使わ","gloss":"use","reading":"つかわ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"前","gloss":"before, front"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"先生、","gloss":"refers to doctors, educators, etc. (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"ください。","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"な。","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"いくら","gloss":"how much? how many?"},{"word":"金","gloss":"gold"},{"word":"月給","gloss":"monthly wage"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking about abilities and events · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"An activity that is impossible","paragraphs":["*運動は 全ぜん出来ない そうです* means \"I hear that he cannot do any strenuous exercise at all.\"","*全ぜん* with the negative ability *出来ない* says that strenuous exercise cannot be done at all.","Other lines ask whether someone can cook, speak, read, or know a fact."]}],"lines":[{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.16","source":"ええ、全ぜん使わない 事に なっているのですが、時々 英語が 出て 来ますね。","translation":"Yes, they are not supposed to use it at all, but sometimes some English slips out.","reading":"ええ、ぜんぜんつかわないことになっているのですが、ときどきえいごがでてきますね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"全","gloss":"at all","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"ぜん","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"使わ","gloss":"use","reading":"つかわ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"事","gloss":"rule","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"are supposed to"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are supposed to"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are supposed to"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出","gloss":"slips out","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"slips out"},{"text":"来","gloss":"slips out","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"slips out"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.17","source":"田村さんは 病気で 入院して おられる そうですね。","translation":"I hear that Mr. Tamura is in the hospital because he is ill.","reading":"たむらさんはびょうきでにゅういんしておられるそうですね。","words":[{"text":"田村","gloss":"Tamura","reading":"たむら"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"で","gloss":"because of"},{"text":"入院","gloss":"is hospitalized","reading":"にゅういん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"is hospitalized"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is hospitalized"},{"text":"おら","gloss":"is hospitalized"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"is hospitalized"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.17.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.18","source":"ええ、心ぞうが 悪いんだ そうです。それで はげしい（strenuous）運動は 全ぜん出来ない そうです。","translation":"Yes, I hear that he has a bad heart, so he cannot do any strenuous exercise at all.","reading":"ええ、しんぞうがわるいんだそうです。それではげしい（strenuous）うんどうはぜんぜんできないそうです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"心ぞう","gloss":"heart","reading":"しんぞう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"so"},{"text":"で","gloss":"because"},{"text":"はげしい","gloss":"strenuous"},{"text":"（strenuous）","gloss":"strenuous"},{"text":"運動","gloss":"exercise","reading":"うんどう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"全","gloss":"at all","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"ぜん","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can do","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.19","source":"あなたの 奥さんは 日本料理が 出来ますか。","translation":"Can your wife cook Japanese food?","reading":"あなたのおくさんはにほんりょうりができますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese food","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"料理","gloss":"Japanese food","reading":"りょうり"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can cook","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"can cook"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.20","source":"あなたは ロシア語が 話せますか。","translation":"Can you speak Russian?","reading":"あなたはロシアごがはなせますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ロシア","gloss":"Russian"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Russian","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"話せ","gloss":"can speak","reading":"はなせ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"can speak"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.20.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.21","source":"あなたの 奥さんは 日本語の 新聞が 読めますか。","translation":"Can your wife read Japanese newspapers?","reading":"あなたのおくさんはにほんごのしんぶんがよめますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"読め","gloss":"can read","reading":"よめ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"can read"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.21.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.22","source":"あなたは 田中さんの 奥さんが 入院なさって いらっしゃる事を 御ぞんじですか。","translation":"Do you know that Mrs. Tanaka is in the hospital?","reading":"あなたはたなかさんのおくさんがにゅういんなさっていらっしゃることをごぞんじですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mrs."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"入院","gloss":"is hospitalized","reading":"にゅういん"},{"text":"なさっ","gloss":"is hospitalized"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is hospitalized"},{"text":"いらっしゃる","gloss":"is hospitalized"},{"text":"事","gloss":"fact","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"御","gloss":"know","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ぞんじ","gloss":"know"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.22.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L100.pt1.23","source":"先週 雨が 降りましたか。","translation":"Did it rain last week?","reading":"せんしゅうあめがふりましたか。","words":[{"text":"先週","gloss":"last week","reading":"せんしゅう"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"rained","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"rained"},{"text":"た","gloss":"rained"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.pt1.23.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"時々","gloss":"sometimes, occasionally"},{"word":"れる","gloss":"to be able to --\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"心ぞう","gloss":"heart"},{"word":"はげしい","gloss":"strenuous; intense; violent"},{"word":"いらっしゃる","gloss":"to come, go (honorific verb)"},{"word":"先週","gloss":"last week"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Mount Fuji climbing boom · Reading Selection 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The Mount Fuji climbing boom","paragraphs":["The passage describes Japan's recent climbing boom, crowded summer trails on Mount Fuji, and a rise in reported accidents.","*ねこも しゃくしも* describes everybody becoming absorbed in mountain climbing."]},{"title":"Climbing for the sunrise","paragraphs":["*日の出を おがむとか 言って、夜 ふもとを 立って、朝 ちょう上に つく人が 多いのです* describes many climbers leaving at night.","They reach the summit in the morning to worship the sunrise, an honor associated with climbing Mt. Fuji."]}],"lines":[{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L100.rd.001","source":"日本は 近年 登山が ひ常に さかんに なって、ねこも しゃくしも 登山、登山と 言って ねっ中しています。","translation":"Mountain climbing has become extremely popular in Japan in recent years, and everybody is absorbed in it, talking of nothing but mountain climbing.","reading":"にほんはきんねんとざんがひじょうにさかんになって、ねこもしゃくしもとざん、とざんといってねっちゅうしています。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"近年","gloss":"recent years","reading":"きんねん"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ひ","gloss":"extremely"},{"text":"常","gloss":"extremely","reading":"じょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"extremely"},{"text":"さかん","gloss":"popular"},{"text":"に","gloss":"became"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"became"},{"text":"ねこ","gloss":"everybody"},{"text":"も","gloss":"everybody"},{"text":"しゃくし","gloss":"everybody"},{"text":"も","gloss":"everybody"},{"text":"登山、","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"say"},{"text":"ね","gloss":"are absorbed"},{"text":"っ","gloss":"are absorbed"},{"text":"中","gloss":"are absorbed","reading":"ちゅう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"are absorbed"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are absorbed"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are absorbed"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"are absorbed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L100.rd.002","source":"ですから、富士山などは 夏には おすなおすなの 混雑です。","translation":"Consequently, places such as Mt. Fuji are terribly crowded in the summer.","reading":"ですから、ふじさんなどはなつにはおすなおすなのこんざつです。","words":[{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"富士","gloss":"Mount Fuji","reading":"ふじ"},{"text":"山","gloss":"Mount Fuji","reading":"さん"},{"text":"など","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"as for"},{"text":"お","gloss":"don't push"},{"text":"すなお","gloss":"don't push"},{"text":"すな","gloss":"don't push"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"混雑","gloss":"terrible congestion","reading":"こんざつ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L100.rd.003","source":"富士山は 登山道が よくて、別に 危険な 所も ないので、夜昼 登るのです。","translation":"Mt. Fuji has good climbing trails and no particularly dangerous places, so people climb it day and night.","reading":"ふじさんはとざんどうがよくて、べつにきけんなところもないので、よるひるのぼるのです。","words":[{"text":"富士","gloss":"Mount Fuji","reading":"ふじ"},{"text":"山","gloss":"Mount Fuji","reading":"さん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"climbing trail","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"道","gloss":"climbing trail","reading":"どう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"good"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"別","gloss":"particularly","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"particularly"},{"text":"危険","gloss":"dangerous","reading":"きけん"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"夜昼","gloss":"day and night","reading":"よるひる"},{"text":"登る","gloss":"climb","reading":"のぼる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L100.rd.004","source":"日の出を おがむとか 言って、夜 ふもとを 立って、朝 ちょう上に つく人が 多いのです。","translation":"Many people leave the foot of the mountain at night and reach the summit in the morning, saying that they are going to worship the sunrise.","reading":"ひのでをおがむとかいって、よるふもとをたって、あさちょうじょうにつくひとがおおいのです。","words":[{"text":"日の出","gloss":"sunrise"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おがむ","gloss":"worship"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"か","gloss":"such things"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"say"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"ふもと","gloss":"mountain foot"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"立っ","gloss":"leave","reading":"たっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"leave"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"ちょう上","gloss":"summit","reading":"ちょうじょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"つく","gloss":"reach"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L100.rd.005","source":"しかし、近年 登山者の そうなんの 記事が よく 新聞に 出る様に なりました。","translation":"However, in recent years articles about mountain-climbing accidents have begun to appear frequently in the newspapers.","reading":"しかし、きんねんとざんしゃのそうなんのきじがよくしんぶんにでるようになりました。","words":[{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"近年","gloss":"recent years"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climber"},{"text":"者","gloss":"mountain climber"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"accident"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"accident"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"記事","gloss":"articles","reading":"きじ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"often"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"出る","gloss":"appear","reading":"でる"},{"text":"様","gloss":"way","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"began to"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"began to"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"began to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.rd.005.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ね","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"朝","gloss":"morning"},{"word":"ちょう上","gloss":"summit"},{"word":"つく","gloss":"to arrive, to reach (v.i.)"},{"word":"しかし、","gloss":"however, but"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Causes and numbers of accidents · Reading Selection 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Causes of climbing accidents","paragraphs":["The passage links accidents to the climbing boom and to more people undertaking reckless adventures.","*ねこも しゃくしも* describes everybody taking up climbing as the primary cause. Some climbers set out without a guide or equipment."]},{"title":"Accidents in the Japanese Alps","paragraphs":["*千九百六十三年の とう計によると、日本アルプスだけの そうなんでも 七十六けん あった そうです* reports seventy-six accidents in the Japanese Alps alone.","Sixty percent occurred in summer. Most falls followed a missed step or a slip on snow."]}],"lines":[{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L100.rd.006","source":"これには 色々の 理由が あるのでしょうが、登山の ブームで、ねこも しゃくしも","translation":"There are probably various reasons for this, but because of the mountain-climbing boom, everyone","reading":"これにはいろいろのりゆうがあるのでしょうが、とざんのブームで、ねこもしゃくしも","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"as for"},{"text":"色々","gloss":"various","reading":"いろいろ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"理由","gloss":"reasons","reading":"りゆう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ブーム","gloss":"boom"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because of"},{"text":"ねこ","gloss":"everybody"},{"text":"も","gloss":"everybody"},{"text":"しゃくし","gloss":"everybody"},{"text":"も","gloss":"everybody"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L100.rd.007","source":"登山する 様に なったのが まあ 第一の 原因でしょう。","translation":"having taken up mountain climbing is probably the primary cause.","reading":"とざんするようになったのがまあだいいちのげんいんでしょう。","words":[{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"様","gloss":"came to","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"came to"},{"text":"た","gloss":"came to"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"まあ","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"第","gloss":"primary","reading":"だい"},{"text":"一","gloss":"primary","reading":"いち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"原因","gloss":"cause","reading":"げんいん"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L100.rd.008","source":"それから、案内人を やとわないで 出かけるとか、必要な そう具なしに 出かけるとか、むちゃな ぼう険を やる人が 多くなったのも その 原因でしょう。","translation":"Another cause is probably that more people now set out without hiring a guide, go without the necessary equipment, or undertake reckless adventures.","reading":"それから、あんないにんをやとわないででかけるとか、ひつようなそうぐなしにでかけるとか、むちゃなぼうけんをやるひとがおおくなったのもそのげんいんでしょう。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"案内","gloss":"guide","reading":"あんない"},{"text":"人","gloss":"guide","reading":"にん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やとわ","gloss":"hire"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"without"},{"text":"出かける","gloss":"set out","reading":"でかける"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"必要","gloss":"necessary","reading":"ひつよう"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"equipment"},{"text":"具","gloss":"equipment","reading":"ぐ"},{"text":"なし","gloss":"without"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"出かける","gloss":"set out","reading":"でかける"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"むちゃ","gloss":"reckless"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ぼう","gloss":"adventure"},{"text":"険","gloss":"adventure","reading":"けん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やる","gloss":"undertake"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"more","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"became"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"原因","gloss":"cause","reading":"げんいん"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L100.rd.009","source":"千九百六十三年の とう計によると、日本アルプスだけの そうなんでも 七十六けん あった そうです。","translation":"According to statistics for 1963, there were reportedly seventy-six accidents in the Japanese Alps alone.","reading":"せんきゅうひゃくろくじゅうさんねんのとうけいによると、にほんアルプスだけのそうなんでもななじゅうろっけんあったそうです。","words":[{"text":"千","gloss":"one thousand","reading":"せん"},{"text":"九百","gloss":"nine hundred","reading":"きゅうひゃく"},{"text":"六十","gloss":"sixty","reading":"ろくじゅう"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"とう","gloss":"statistics"},{"text":"計","gloss":"statistics","reading":"けい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese Alps","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"アルプス","gloss":"Japanese Alps"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"alone"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"accident"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"accident"},{"text":"で","gloss":"among"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"七十","gloss":"seventy","reading":"ななじゅう"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six","reading":"ろっ"},{"text":"けん","gloss":"cases"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"there were"},{"text":"た","gloss":"there were"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L100.rd.010","source":"その中で、六十パーセントの そうなんは 夏の 山で おこったもので、足を ふみはずしたり、雪の上で すべったりして 落ちたのが、一番 多いらしいです。","translation":"Of these, sixty percent occurred in the mountains in summer, and it seems that most people fell after missing their footing or slipping on snow.","reading":"そのなかで、ろくじゅうパーセントのそうなんはなつのやまでおこったもので、あしをふみはずしたり、ゆきのうえですべったりしておちたのが、いちばんおおいらしいです。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"those"},{"text":"中","gloss":"among","reading":"なか"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"among"},{"text":"六十","gloss":"sixty","reading":"ろくじゅう"},{"text":"パーセント","gloss":"percent"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"accident"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"accident"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountains","reading":"やま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"おこっ","gloss":"occurred"},{"text":"た","gloss":"occurred"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"足","gloss":"feet","reading":"あし"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ふみはずし","gloss":"miss 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Notes)"},{"word":"ブーム","gloss":"a boom"},{"word":"まあ","gloss":"Well! Oh, my!"},{"word":"原因","gloss":"cause"},{"word":"か、","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"多く","gloss":"many of them"},{"word":"千","gloss":"1,000"},{"word":"九百","gloss":"900"},{"word":"六十","gloss":"60"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"だけ","gloss":"only, just (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"七十","gloss":"70"},{"word":"六","gloss":"six"},{"word":"けん","gloss":"numerical counter for houses (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"パーセント","gloss":"percent"},{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Mount Fuji climbing questions · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Why people climb Mount Fuji","paragraphs":["The questions ask about the climbing boom, the condition of Mount Fuji, climbing at night, and worship of the sunrise.","*なぜ 多くの人は 夜 ふもとを 立ちますか* means \"Why do many people leave the foot of the mountain at night?\"","An answer gives the reason from the reading: they leave at night to reach the summit and worship the sunrise."]}],"lines":[{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L100.q.001","source":"日本は 近年 登山が さかんに なりましたか。","translation":"Has mountain climbing become popular in Japan in recent years?","reading":"にほんはきんねんとざんがさかんになりましたか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"近年","gloss":"recent years","reading":"きんねん"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"さかん","gloss":"popular"},{"text":"に","gloss":"became"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"became"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.q.001.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L100.q.002","source":"ねこも しゃくしも 登山に ねっ中していますか。","translation":"Is everybody absorbed in mountain climbing?","reading":"ねこもしゃくしもとざんにねっちゅうしていますか。","words":[{"text":"ねこ","gloss":"everybody"},{"text":"も","gloss":"everybody"},{"text":"しゃくし","gloss":"everybody"},{"text":"も","gloss":"everybody"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ね","gloss":"are absorbed"},{"text":"っ","gloss":"are absorbed"},{"text":"中","gloss":"are absorbed","reading":"ちゅう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"are absorbed"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are absorbed"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are absorbed"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are absorbed"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.q.002.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L100.q.003","source":"富士登山は どうですか。","translation":"What is climbing Mt. Fuji like?","reading":"ふじとざんはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"富士","gloss":"climbing Mount Fuji","reading":"ふじ"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"climbing Mount Fuji","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what like"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.q.003.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L100.q.004","source":"富士山は 夜昼 登りますか。","translation":"Do people climb Mt. Fuji day and night?","reading":"ふじさんはよるひるのぼりますか。","words":[{"text":"富士","gloss":"Mount Fuji","reading":"ふじ"},{"text":"山","gloss":"Mount Fuji","reading":"さん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"昼","gloss":"day","reading":"ひる"},{"text":"登り","gloss":"climb","reading":"のぼり"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"climb"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.q.004.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L100.q.005","source":"なぜ 夜でも 登る 事が 出来ますか。","translation":"Why is it possible to climb even at night?","reading":"なぜよるでものぼることができますか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"で","gloss":"even at"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"登る","gloss":"climb","reading":"のぼる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"possible","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"possible"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.q.005.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L100.q.006","source":"なぜ 多くの人は 夜 ふもとを 立ちますか。","translation":"Why do many people leave the foot of the mountain at night?","reading":"なぜおおくのひとはよるふもとをたちますか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"ふもと","gloss":"mountain foot"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"立ち","gloss":"leave","reading":"たち"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"leave"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.q.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Mountain accident questions · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The causes and numbers of accidents","paragraphs":["The questions ask about accident reports, their causes, their number in the Japanese Alps, and the most common falls.","*千九百六十三年の とう計によると、日本 アルプスだけの そうなんが 何けんぐらい ありましたか* asks approximately how many accidents occurred there in 1963.","An answer supplies the reported number, cause, or action requested by each question."]}],"lines":[{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L100.q.007","source":"近年 登山者の そうなんの 記事が よく新聞に 出ますか。","translation":"Do articles about mountain-climbing accidents often appear in the newspapers these days?","reading":"きんねんとざんしゃのそうなんのきじがよくしんぶんにでますか。","words":[{"text":"近年","gloss":"recent years"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climber"},{"text":"者","gloss":"mountain climber"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"accident"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"accident"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"記事","gloss":"articles","reading":"きじ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"often"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"出","gloss":"appear","reading":"で"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"appear"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.q.007.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L100.q.008","source":"その 第一の 原因は 何でしょうか。","translation":"What is probably the primary cause of this?","reading":"そのだいいちのげんいんはなんでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"第","gloss":"primary","reading":"だい"},{"text":"一","gloss":"primary","reading":"いち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"原因","gloss":"cause","reading":"げんいん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.q.008.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L100.q.009","source":"その 外の 原因は 何ですか。","translation":"What are the other causes?","reading":"そのほかのげんいんはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"those"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"原因","gloss":"causes","reading":"げんいん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.q.009.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L100.q.010","source":"千九百六十三年の とう計によると、日本 アルプスだけの そうなんが 何けんぐらい ありましたか。","translation":"According to statistics for 1963, about how many accidents were there in the Japanese Alps alone?","reading":"せんきゅうひゃくろくじゅうさんねんのとうけいによると、にほんアルプスだけのそうなんがなんけんぐらいありましたか。","words":[{"text":"千","gloss":"one thousand","reading":"せん"},{"text":"九百","gloss":"nine hundred","reading":"きゅうひゃく"},{"text":"六十","gloss":"sixty","reading":"ろくじゅう"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"とう","gloss":"statistics"},{"text":"計","gloss":"statistics","reading":"けい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese Alps","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"アルプス","gloss":"Japanese Alps"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"alone"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"accident"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"accident"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"けん","gloss":"cases"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there were"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"there were"},{"text":"た","gloss":"there were"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.q.010.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L100.q.011","source":"夏の 山で おこった そうなんの 数は どのぐらいですか。","translation":"How many accidents occurred in the mountains in summer?","reading":"なつのやまでおこったそうなんのかずはどのぐらいですか。","words":[{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountains","reading":"やま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"おこっ","gloss":"occurred"},{"text":"た","gloss":"occurred"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"accident"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"accident"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"数","gloss":"number","reading":"かず"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"many"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.q.011.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L100.q.012","source":"どんな 事をして 山から 落ちる人が 一番 多いですか。","translation":"What were most people doing when they fell from the mountain?","reading":"どんなことをしてやまからおちるひとがいちばんおおいですか。","words":[{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"things","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"doing"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountain","reading":"やま"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"落ちる","gloss":"fall","reading":"おちる"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.q.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"どの","gloss":"which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"落ちる","gloss":"to fall"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Climbing routes and crowds · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Routes and crowds","paragraphs":["These words cover mountain climbing, routes, crowds, and climbing Mount Fuji by day and night.","*ねこも しゃくしも* means \"everybody\". *おすなおすなの 混雑* means \"terrible congestion\".","The suffix *---さ* adds soft emphasis in men's informal speech."]}],"lines":[{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.001","source":"登山","translation":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん","words":[{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.001.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.002","source":"ねこも しゃくしも","translation":"everybody (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"ねこもしゃくしも","words":[{"text":"ねこもしゃくしも","gloss":"everybody"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.002.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.003","source":"登山登山と 言って","translation":"clamor for mountain climbing","reading":"とざんとざんといって","words":[{"text":"登山登山と言って","gloss":"clamor for climbing","reading":"とざんとざんといって"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.003.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.004","source":"おすなおすなの 混雑","translation":"terrible congestion","reading":"おすなおすなのこんざつ","words":[{"text":"おすなおすなの混雑","gloss":"terrible congestion","reading":"おすなおすなのこんざつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.004.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.005","source":"おす","translation":"to push","reading":"おす","words":[{"text":"おす","gloss":"to push"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.005.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.006","source":"混雑","translation":"congestion; disorder; confusion; bustle","reading":"こんざつ","words":[{"text":"混雑","gloss":"congestion","reading":"こんざつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.006.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.007","source":"おしかける","translation":"throng; storm; intrude; go uninvited (v.i.)","reading":"おしかける","words":[{"text":"おしかける","gloss":"to throng"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.007.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.008","source":"登山道","translation":"mountain climbing route","reading":"とざんどう","words":[{"text":"登山道","gloss":"mountain climbing route","reading":"とざんどう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.008.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.009","source":"夜昼","translation":"day and night","reading":"よるひる","words":[{"text":"夜昼","gloss":"day and night","reading":"よるひる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.009.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.010","source":"富士登山","translation":"climbing Mt. Fuji (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"ふじとざん","words":[{"text":"富士登山","gloss":"climbing Mount Fuji","reading":"ふじとざん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.010.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.011","source":"---さ","translation":"emphatic suffix (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"---さ","words":[{"text":"---さ","gloss":"adds emphasis"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ねこもしゃくしも","gloss":"everybody (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"登山登山と言って","gloss":"clamor for mountain climbing"},{"word":"おすなおすなの混雑","gloss":"terrible congestion"},{"word":"おす","gloss":"to push"},{"word":"登山道","gloss":"mountain climbing route"},{"word":"富士登山","gloss":"climbing Mt. Fuji (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"---さ","gloss":"emphatic suffix (See Cult. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Sunrise, climbers and equipment · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Sunrise, guides, and equipment","paragraphs":["These words cover sunrise worship, mountain climbers, accidents, guides, and equipment.","*日の出* means \"sunrise\". *おがむ* means \"worship\" or \"pray\".","*案内人* means \"guide\". *そう具なしに* means \"without equipment\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.012","source":"日の出","translation":"sunrise; sunup","reading":"ひので","words":[{"text":"日の出","gloss":"sunrise","reading":"ひので"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.012.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.013","source":"おがむ","translation":"worship; pray; witness something with respect; adore (v.t.)","reading":"おがむ","words":[{"text":"おがむ","gloss":"worship"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.013.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.014","source":"ふもと","translation":"foot of a mountain or hill","reading":"ふもと","words":[{"text":"ふもと","gloss":"mountain foot"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.014.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.015","source":"登山者","translation":"mountain climber","reading":"とざんしゃ","words":[{"text":"登山者","gloss":"mountain climber","reading":"とざんしゃ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.015.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.016","source":"そうなん（する）","translation":"accident; mishap; disaster; to meet disaster (v.i.)","reading":"そうなん（する）","words":[{"text":"そうなん（する）","gloss":"accident"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.016.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.017","source":"記事","translation":"newspaper article; news; reading matter","reading":"きじ","words":[{"text":"記事","gloss":"news article","reading":"きじ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.017.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.018","source":"流行（する）","translation":"style; prevalence; popular; become popular (v.i.)","reading":"りゅうこう（する）","words":[{"text":"流行（する）","gloss":"become popular","reading":"りゅうこう（する）"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.018.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.019","source":"案内人","translation":"guide","reading":"あんないにん","words":[{"text":"案内人","gloss":"guide","reading":"あんないにん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.019.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.020","source":"やとう","translation":"hire; employ (v.t.)","reading":"やとう","words":[{"text":"やとう","gloss":"hire"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.020.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.021","source":"そう具","translation":"equipment","reading":"そうぐ","words":[{"text":"そう具","gloss":"equipment","reading":"そうぐ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.021.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.022","source":"そう具なしに","translation":"without equipment","reading":"そうぐなしに","words":[{"text":"そう具なしに","gloss":"without equipment","reading":"そうぐなしに"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"登山者","gloss":"mountain climber"},{"word":"そうなん（する）","gloss":"accident; mishap; disaster; to meet disaster (v.i.)"},{"word":"流行（する）","gloss":"style; prevalence; popular; become popular (v.i.)"},{"word":"案内人","gloss":"guide"},{"word":"やとう","gloss":"hire; employ (v.t.)"},{"word":"そう具","gloss":"equipment"},{"word":"そう具なしに","gloss":"without equipment"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Risks, preparation and footing · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Risks and preparation","paragraphs":["These words cover reckless adventures, the Southern Alps, protection against cold, strenuous activity, and missed footing.","*用意は 全ぜん してなかった* means \"no preparation was made\". The entry *全ぜん---ない* means \"altogether lacking\".","*足を ふみはずす* means \"lose one's footing\" or \"miss one's step\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.023","source":"理由","translation":"reason","reading":"りゆう","words":[{"text":"理由","gloss":"reason","reading":"りゆう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.023.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.024","source":"むちゃな","translation":"nonsensical; reckless; thoughtless; confused","reading":"むちゃな","words":[{"text":"むちゃな","gloss":"reckless"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.024.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.025","source":"ぼう険","translation":"adventure; risk; hazard","reading":"ぼうけん","words":[{"text":"ぼう険","gloss":"adventure","reading":"ぼうけん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.025.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.026","source":"南アルプス","translation":"the Southern Alps (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"みなみアルプス","words":[{"text":"南アルプス","gloss":"Southern Alps","reading":"みなみアルプス"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.026.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.027","source":"ぼうかん","translation":"protection against the cold","reading":"ぼうかん","words":[{"text":"ぼうかん","gloss":"cold protection"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.027.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.028","source":"用意は 全ぜん してなかった","translation":"no preparation was made","reading":"よういはぜんぜんしてなかった","words":[{"text":"用意は全ぜんしてなかった","gloss":"made no preparation","reading":"よういはぜんぜんしてなかった"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.028.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.029","source":"全ぜん---ない","translation":"altogether --- lacking (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"ぜんぜん---ない","words":[{"text":"全ぜん---ない","gloss":"not at all","reading":"ぜんぜん---ない"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.029.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.030","source":"はげしい","translation":"strenuous; intense; violent","reading":"はげしい","words":[{"text":"はげしい","gloss":"intense"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.030.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.031","source":"---けん","translation":"-- incidents (counter for incidents, items, cases, etc.)","reading":"---けん","words":[{"text":"---けん","gloss":"incidents"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.031.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.032","source":"足を ふみはずす","translation":"(lose one's footing; miss one's step)","reading":"あしをふみはずす","words":[{"text":"足をふみはずす","gloss":"lose one’s footing","reading":"あしをふみはずす"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.032.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L100.w.033","source":"ブーム","translation":"a boom","reading":"ブーム","words":[{"text":"ブーム","gloss":"boom"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L100.w.033.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":6,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\n1 Topic Titles:\n\n1a Talk about your mountain climbing experience.\n\n1b Talk about mountain climbing in Japan.\n\n1c Talk about climbing to Mt. Fuji.\n\n1d Talk about the dangers involved in mountain climbing.\n\n2 Visual Cues:\n\n2a Look at the sketches on Page 147 to 150 and see if you can talk about them."},{"section":7,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.\n\n2 Study the Grammar Perception Drill.\n\n3 Study the Pattern Practice and do the exercise following each sentence pattern.\n\n4 Learn to read and write the new Kanji.\n\n5 Read the Explanatory Notes.\n\n6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"むちゃな","gloss":"nonsensical; reckless; thoughtless; confused"},{"word":"ぼう険","gloss":"adventure; risk; hazard"},{"word":"用意は全ぜんしてなかった","gloss":"no preparation was made"},{"word":"全ぜん---ない","gloss":"altogether --- lacking (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"---けん","gloss":"-- incidents (counter for incidents, items, cases, etc.)"},{"word":"足をふみはずす","gloss":"(lose one's footing; miss one's step)"}],"paradigms":[]}]}