{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L101","title":"Lesson 101","stage":"Reading Japan","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 101: teamwork for winter climbing · dialogue 1 of 4, avalanches and mountain rescue · dialogue 2 of 4, climbing experience and mountain access · dialogue 3 of 4, alps, when it comes to something · perception drill, winter climbing safety · questions 1 of 3, mountains, climbing risks and rescues · questions 3 of 3, climbing teamwork and obligations · word list 1 of 3, cliffs.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/99","lines":88},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/98","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/100","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Teamwork for winter climbing · Dialogue 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Teams for winter climbing","paragraphs":["Two speakers discuss teamwork in mountain climbing. *登山は 二三人で 組を 作って 行くべきだね* means \"Climbers should form a group of two or three people and go.\"","Winter climbing requires special cooperation. In *冬の 登山を やるとなると 協力が 必要だからなあ*, *となると* means \"if you are to undertake\" in this line."]},{"title":"What climbers should do","paragraphs":["*登山は 二三人で 組を 作って 行くべきだね* says the climbers should form a group and go.","*べき* attaches to the dictionary form of a verb and means \"should\" or \"ought to\". Here, *行くべきだ* means \"should go\".","This sentence-final use with *だ* comes from written language. *べき* otherwise belongs to formal speech or speech from a platform."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L101.dlg.001","source":"“登山”（二）","translation":"Mountain Cliinbing“ (2)","reading":"“とざん”（に）","words":[{"text":"“","gloss":"opening quote"},{"text":"登山”","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"（二）","gloss":"part two","reading":"に"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L101.dlg.002","source":"登山は 二三人で 組を 作って 行くべきだね。","translation":"As for mountain climbing, we should form a group of two or three people and go, shouldn’t we?","reading":"とざんはにさんにんでくみをつくっていくべきだね。","words":[{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"組","gloss":"group","reading":"くみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"作っ","gloss":"form","reading":"つくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"べき","gloss":"should"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L101.dlg.003","source":"ええ、チーム・ワークだからね。それだから、なかまの 間で チームを 作るとか、学校友だちで 山がく部を 作るとか する事は いい事だと 思う。","translation":"Yes, because it’s teamwork. That’s why I think it is a good thing to form a team among friends or to form an alpine club among school friends.","reading":"ええ、チーム・ワークだからね。それだから、なかまのあいだでチームをつくるとか、がっこうともだちでやまがくぶをつくるとかすることはいいことだとおもう。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"チーム・","gloss":"teamwork"},{"text":"ワーク","gloss":"teamwork"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"why"},{"text":"なかま","gloss":"friends"},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"間","gloss":"circle"},{"text":"で","gloss":"among"},{"text":"チーム","gloss":"team"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"作る","gloss":"form","reading":"つくる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"or"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school friends","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"友だち","gloss":"school friends","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"山","gloss":"alpine club","reading":"やま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"alpine club"},{"text":"く","gloss":"alpine club"},{"text":"部","gloss":"alpine club","reading":"ぶ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"作る","gloss":"form","reading":"つくる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"か","gloss":"or"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思う。","gloss":"think","reading":"おもう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L101.dlg.004","source":"そりゃ そうだろう。","translation":"I suppose so.","reading":"そりゃそうだろう。","words":[{"text":"そりゃ","gloss":"as for that"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L101.dlg.005","source":"特に 冬の 登山を やるとなると 協力が 必要だからなあ。","translation":"Especially if you are to undertake winter mountain climbing, you have to have cooperation, so----- ,","reading":"とくにふゆのとざんをやるとなるときょうりょくがひつようだからなあ。","words":[{"text":"特に","gloss":"especially","reading":"とくに"},{"text":"冬","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やる","gloss":"undertake"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"comes to"},{"text":"と","gloss":"then"},{"text":"協力","gloss":"cooperation","reading":"きょうりょく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"必要","gloss":"necessary","reading":"ひつよう"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"なあ。","gloss":"you know"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L101.dlg.006","source":"日本アルプスは あまり 高くは ないが、わりに 山が 急で、だんがい、ぜっぺきが 多いそうだね。","translation":"I understand the Japan Alps are not too high, but the mountains are comparatively steep and there are many cliffs and precipices, is that right?","reading":"にほんアルプスはあまりたかくはないが、わりにやまがきゅうで、だんがい、ぜっぺきがおおいそうだね。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan Alps","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"アルプス","gloss":"Japan Alps"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"too"},{"text":"高く","gloss":"high","reading":"たかく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"わり","gloss":"comparatively"},{"text":"に","gloss":"comparatively"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountains","reading":"やま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"急","gloss":"steep","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"だん","gloss":"cliffs"},{"text":"がい、","gloss":"cliffs"},{"text":"ぜ","gloss":"precipices"},{"text":"っ","gloss":"precipices"},{"text":"ぺ","gloss":"precipices"},{"text":"き","gloss":"precipices"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"--TO NARU TO\nFollowing the basic form (dictionary form) of verbs, or KOTO, or nouns, TO NARU TO expresses the meaning of ’’When it comes to----- \", or \"If we are to do such-and-such\" .\n\n1 Example 1 NIHON E IKU TO NARU TO, IMA KARA JUMBI SHITA HOO GA II NE. \"If you are to go to Japan, you had better make preparations now,\"\n\nSANJI NO HIKOOKI DE DERU TO NARU TO, SUKOSHI ISOIDA HOO GA II NE. \"If you are to leave on the three o’clock plane, you had better hurry a little.\"\n\n1 Example 3 BOKU WA TABERU KOTO TO NARU TO, DARE NIMO HIKE O TORANAI. \"When it comes to eating, I take a back seat to no one,\"\n\nSUPOOTSU TO NARU TO, BOKU WA ZENZEN DAME DA NE. ’’When it comes to sports, I don’t know anything.\""},{"section":2,"text":"—BEKI\nIn the colloquial, the inflected suffix —BEKI, attached to the basic form (dictionary form) of verbs, is used only in formal or platform speech, and then used only in attributive form (followed by a noun). When used at the end of a sentence, with the suffix DA or DESU, it shows the influence of the literary language and therefore, should be regarded as being substantival.\n\n2 Example 1 SORE WA IU BEKI KOTO DE WA NAI. \"That is not something that ought to be said.\"\n\n2 Example 2 KOO IU KOTO WA KODOMO NI HANASU BEKI RIYUU GA NAI. \"There is no reason why one should speak of such things as these to children.\"\n\n2 Example 3 KIMI WA MOTTO BENKYOO SUBEKI DA NE. \"You should study more.\"\n\n2 Example 4 KIMI WA IKU BEKI DA NA. \"You ought to go.\""},{"section":3,"text":"1 —GOOME\nFor climbing Mt. Fuji, there are six popular routes; namely, the GOTEMBA, SUBASHIRI, YOSHIDA, FUNATSU, SHOOJI, and FUJINOMIYA paths. All these paths are divided, from the starting point up to the summit, into ten sections (each of which is called GOO) of unequal distances. At the end of each section there is a station; e.g. the first station (ICHI-GOOME), the second station (NI-GOOME), etc. up to the tenth station (JUU-GOOME). At most of these stations there is a stone signpost and in many cases there is a stone shelter hut. The size of the huts varies, and the accommodations are poor. The charges for lodging and meals differ each year. They are set by the association of the hut operators, with the consent of the authority concerned. Foreign climbers are advised to provide themselves with food and drink as the supplies sold en route may not suit their tastes. The usual precautions for ordinary mountain climbing are also advisable. Japanese straw sandals tied on over the shoes will save the soles from the cinders which make up the greater part of the mountain paths towards the summit. For carrying loads a GOORIKI (mountain guide) may be employed, who can be secured at the starting points of the different routes."},{"section":4,"text":"2 JOOSHIN-ETSU KOOGEN\nJOOSHIN-ETSU KOOGEN National Park covers an area of 548 square miles stretching over the mountainous region on the borders of Niigata, Gumma, and Nagano Prefectures. In the northeastern corner stand Mt. Tanigawa and Mt. Shigekura with Yubiso, Ooana, and several other spas on their lower eastern slopes."},{"section":5,"text":"—DAKE\nSome of the mountains around here have the suffix DAKE and some have YAMA or ZAN or SAN.\n\nYARIGADAKE Mt. Yari\n\nHOTAKADAKE Mt. Hotaka\n\n3.3 SHIOMIDAKE Mt. Shiomi\n\n3.4 AKASHIDAKE Mt. Akashi\n\n3.5 KOMAGADAKE Mt. Koma\n\n3.6 KARAKIDAKE Mt. Karaki\n\nNOIIKDRADAKE Mt, Norikura\n\n3.8 SHIRANE YAMA Mt. Shirane"},{"section":6,"text":"4 Southern Alps\nThe Southern Alps are composed of the AKASHI Range which rises in the ATSUMI Peninsula, passes to the north of HAMANA Lagoon, and winding between the valleys of the TENRYUU and FUJI Rivers, ends on the shores of Lake SUWA. Of the spurs or clusters of peaks in this range, those that attain an elevation of approximately 10,000 feet above sea level are AKASHI, SHIRANE, KITA, KAI-KOMA, HO-OO, SENJOO, AINO, NOOTORI, etc."},{"section":7,"text":"Central Alps\nThe Central Alps include the KISO Range, which rises in the eastern part of NOBI Plain, extending into Nagano Prefecture, and forms a watershed for the KISO River on the west and the TENRYUU River on the east before terminating at the south end of the Matsumoto Plain. Although the Central Alps are not as high as the Northern and Southern Alps, they are thickly wooded and rich in beautiful landscapes."},{"section":8,"text":"6 Northern Alps (Japan Alps National Park)\nThe Northern Alps is the title given to the HIDA Range, which comprises more than 100 peaks, 40 of which are over 8,000 ft. The range extends for a distance of 98 miles with a breadth of 37 miles and finally descends into the Japan Sea in the precipices of OYASHIRAZU. The most popular peaks with mountaineers are SHIROUMA, OOTENJOO, YARI, HARINOKI, and TATEYAMA. There are about a hundred huts on these peaks and also well-\n\n6, continued constructed paths, some with guideposts. Almost all the mountains in the Northern Alps are included in the Japan Alps National Park, otherwise called CHUUBU SANGAKU National Park."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"登山”","gloss":"mountain climbing"},{"word":"（二）","gloss":"two"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"組","gloss":"class"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"なかま","gloss":"friends"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"作る","gloss":"to raise, to make"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"か、","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"山","gloss":"mountain"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"思う。","gloss":"to think"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"冬","gloss":"winter"},{"word":"やる","gloss":"to do"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"急","gloss":"steep; sudden"},{"word":"き","gloss":"counter for airplanes (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Avalanches and mountain rescue · Dialogue 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Danger in the winter mountains","paragraphs":["The speakers compare summer climbing with winter climbing and variation routes. *けがも 多くなるし、そうなんも 多い 訳だ* says injuries and accidents increase.","Avalanches can overcome climbers. *冬の 山の そうなんは 救助が 大変だね* means \"Rescue work for winter mountain accidents is difficult.\"","People who go to a rescue can also be overcome by disaster. Careless climbers can cause trouble for others."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L101.dlg.007","source":"うむ、でも そうぐが よくなったので、夏に 登るのは 訳は なくなった。しかし、冬に 登山したり、ヴァリエーション・ルートを とったり、すると、けがも 多くなるし、そうなんも 多い 訳だ。","translation":"Yes, but the equipment has improved, and it is easy to climb in the summer. However, when you climb a mountain in the winter, or take a variation route, injuries increase and there will be many accidents.","reading":"うむ、でもそうぐがよくなったので、なつにのぼるのはわけはなくなった。しかし、ふゆにとざんしたり、ヴァリエーション・ルートをとったり、すると、けがもおおくなるし、そうなんもおおいわけだ。","words":[{"text":"うむ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も","gloss":"but"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"equipment"},{"text":"ぐ","gloss":"equipment"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"登る","gloss":"climb","reading":"のぼる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"difficulty","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なくなっ","gloss":"disappeared"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"},{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"冬","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"ヴァリエーション・","gloss":"variation route"},{"text":"ルート","gloss":"variation route"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"take"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"けが","gloss":"injuries"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"accidents"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"accidents"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"result","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L101.dlg.008","source":"なだれで やられる 場合も あるんだろうな。","translation":"There are many occasions when people are overcome by an avalanche, aren’t there?","reading":"なだれでやられるばあいもあるんだろうな。","words":[{"text":"なだれ","gloss":"avalanche"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"やら","gloss":"overcome"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"overcome"},{"text":"場合","gloss":"occasions","reading":"ばあい"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"な。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L101.dlg.009","source":"ある、ある。千九百六十四年 だったかなあ、学生が 大勢 富士山で やられたのは。よく おぼえてないが、ずい分 大勢 なだれで やられたと 思うよ。","translation":"Yes, there are. Was it 1964 when many students were overcome by disaster on Mt, Fuji? I don’t remember well, but I think quite a few people were overcome by an avalanche.","reading":"ある、ある。せんきゅうひゃくろくじゅうよねんだったかなあ、がくせいがおおぜいふじさんでやられたのは。よくおぼえてないが、ずいぶんおおぜいなだれでやられたとおもうよ。","words":[{"text":"ある、","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"千","gloss":"one thousand"},{"text":"九百","gloss":"nine hundred"},{"text":"六十","gloss":"sixty"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year"},{"text":"だっ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"なあ、","gloss":"I wonder"},{"text":"学生","gloss":"students","reading":"がくせい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大勢","gloss":"many"},{"text":"富士","gloss":"Mount Fuji"},{"text":"山","gloss":"Mount Fuji"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"やら","gloss":"overcome"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"overcome"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"は。","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"て","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"quite","reading":"ずいぶん"},{"text":"大勢","gloss":"many","reading":"おおぜい"},{"text":"な","gloss":"avalanche"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"avalanche"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"やら","gloss":"overcome"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"overcome"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思う","gloss":"think","reading":"おもう"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L101.dlg.010","source":"冬の 山の そうなんは 救助が 大変だね。","translation":"Rescue work of winter mountain accidents will be awful, won’t it?","reading":"ふゆのやまのそうなんはきゅうじょがたいへんだね。","words":[{"text":"冬","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountain","reading":"やま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"accidents"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"accidents"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"救助","gloss":"rescue","reading":"きゅうじょ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"awful","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L101.dlg.011","source":"全く。救助に 行った者が やられる 事も 時々 ある。","translation":"It surely will be. Sometimes those who have gone to the rescue were overcome by disaster.","reading":"まったく。きゅうじょにいったものがやられることもときどきある。","words":[{"text":"全く。","gloss":"exactly","reading":"まったく"},{"text":"救助","gloss":"rescue","reading":"きゅうじょ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"者","gloss":"people","reading":"もの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"やら","gloss":"overcome"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"overcome"},{"text":"事","gloss":"occasions","reading":"こと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L101.dlg.012","source":"登山者は よほど 注意しないと、外の 人に めいわくを かける 結果に なる。","translation":"Unless the mountain climbers are very careful, it results in causing troubles to others.","reading":"とざんしゃはよほどちゅういしないと、ほかのひとにめいわくをかけるけっかになる。","words":[{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbers","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"者","gloss":"mountain climbers","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よほど","gloss":"extremely"},{"text":"注意","gloss":"careful","reading":"ちゅうい"},{"text":"し","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"unless"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"めいわく","gloss":"trouble"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かける","gloss":"cause"},{"text":"結果","gloss":"result","reading":"けっか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"なる。","gloss":"become"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"夏","gloss":"summer"},{"word":"しかし、","gloss":"however, but"},{"word":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"けが","gloss":"injury; wound"},{"word":"多く","gloss":"many of them"},{"word":"だ。","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"なだれ","gloss":"avalanche"},{"word":"れる","gloss":"to be able to --\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"な。","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"千","gloss":"1,000"},{"word":"九百","gloss":"900"},{"word":"六十","gloss":"60"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"学生","gloss":"student (higher sch.)"},{"word":"ずい分","gloss":"very much"},{"word":"だれ","gloss":"who?"},{"word":"思う","gloss":"to think"},{"word":"全く。","gloss":"truly, entirely"},{"word":"者","gloss":"person"},{"word":"時々","gloss":"sometimes, occasionally"},{"word":"よほど","gloss":"very much, extremely"},{"word":"めいわく","gloss":"annoyance, bother"},{"word":"結果","gloss":"result; effect"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Climbing experience and mountain access · Dialogue 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"A former climber","paragraphs":["One speaker climbed mountains as a student but does not climb now. The other asks whether he has climbed Mount Fuji.","*今ごろは 五合目あたりまで バスが 行くんじゃ ないかなあ* says buses now go to about the fifth station. Few people climb on foot from the base."]},{"title":"Stations on Mount Fuji","paragraphs":["*五合目* in the bus line means \"the fifth station\".","Each path up Mount Fuji has ten sections of unequal length. A station stands at the end of each section."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L101.dlg.013","source":"そうだよ。事故の ほとんどは 登山者の 不注意が 原因している。","translation":"That’s right. Almost all of the accidents are caused by the carelessness of mountain climbers,","reading":"そうだよ。じこのほとんどはとざんしゃのふちゅういがげんいんしている。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that’s right"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"事故","gloss":"accidents","reading":"じこ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほとんど","gloss":"almost all"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbers","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"者","gloss":"mountain climbers","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"不","gloss":"carelessness","reading":"ふ"},{"text":"注意","gloss":"carelessness","reading":"ちゅうい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"原因","gloss":"cause","reading":"げんいん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L101.dlg.014","source":"君は 登山を やるのかね。","translation":"Do you do mountain climbing?","reading":"きみはとざんをやるのかね。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やる","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L101.dlg.015","source":"学生時代には やったもんだが、今では やらん。","translation":"I surely did during the time when I was a student, but I don’t do it now.","reading":"がくせいじだいにはやったもんだが、いまではやらん。","words":[{"text":"学生","gloss":"student days","reading":"がくせい"},{"text":"時代","gloss":"student days","reading":"じだい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"during"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もん","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やら","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L101.dlg.016","source":"富士山に 登った 事が あるのかね。","translation":"Have you ever climbed Mt. Fuji?","reading":"ふじさんにのぼったことがあるのかね。","words":[{"text":"富士","gloss":"Mount Fuji","reading":"ふじ"},{"text":"山","gloss":"Mount Fuji","reading":"さん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"登っ","gloss":"climb","reading":"のぼっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"事","gloss":"experience","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"have"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L101.dlg.017","source":"学生時代に あるよ。今ごろは 五合目あたりまで バスが 行くんじゃ ないかなあ。ふもとから 歩いて 登る人は 少い様だ。","translation":"I have during the time when I was a student. I wonder if they go as far as to the fifth station by bus these days, it seems that only a few people climb on foot from the foot of the mountain.","reading":"がくせいじだいにあるよ。いまごろはごごうめあたりまでバスがいくんじゃないかなあ。ふもとからあるいてのぼるひとはすくないようだ。","words":[{"text":"学生","gloss":"student days","reading":"がくせい"},{"text":"時代","gloss":"student days","reading":"じだい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"during"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"have"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"今ごろ","gloss":"these days","reading":"いまごろ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"五","gloss":"fifth station"},{"text":"合","gloss":"fifth station"},{"text":"目","gloss":"fifth station"},{"text":"あたり","gloss":"around"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"as far as"},{"text":"バス","gloss":"bus"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"じゃ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"なあ。","gloss":"I wonder"},{"text":"ふもと","gloss":"mountain foot"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"歩い","gloss":"walk","reading":"あるい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"登る","gloss":"climb","reading":"のぼる"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少い","gloss":"few","reading":"すくない"},{"text":"様","gloss":"seems","reading":"よう"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L101.dlg.018","source":"アルプスには どんな 山が あるのかね。","translation":"What mountains are there in the Alps?","reading":"アルプスにはどんなやまがあるのかね。","words":[{"text":"アルプス","gloss":"Alps"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountains","reading":"やま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ほとんど","gloss":"almost (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"原因","gloss":"cause"},{"word":"いる。","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"君","gloss":"suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)"},{"word":"時代","gloss":"era, period"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"あたり","gloss":"vicinity, neighborhood"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"バス","gloss":"bus"},{"word":"ふもと","gloss":"foot of a mountain or hill"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Alps, plateaus and hot springs · Dialogue 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Names of mountains","paragraphs":["*北アルプスには 槍岳、穂高岳* begins a list of mountains in the Northern, Southern and Central Alps.","Some mountain names end in *DAKE*. Others end in *YAMA*, *ZAN* or *SAN*. *槍岳* is *YARIGADAKE*, \"Mt. Yari\"."]},{"title":"A mountain destination","paragraphs":["*僕は 来年の 夏、上信越高原に 行くつもりなんだ* says one speaker plans to visit the Joshin-etsu Plateau next summer.","*JOOSHIN-ETSU KOOGEN* National Park covers mountainous land on the borders of Niigata, Gumma and Nagano Prefectures."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L101.dlg.019","source":"北アルプスには 槍岳、穂高岳、南アルプスには 白根山、塩見岳、赤石岳 など 沢山ある。中央アルプスには 駒岳、空木岳 などね。","translation":"In the Northern Alps there are YARIGADAKE, HOTAKA-DAKE, and in the Southern Alps there are SHIRANE-YAMA, SHIOMI-DAKE, AKASHI-DAKE, and many others. in the Central Alps there are KOMAGA-DAKE and KARAKI-DAKE.","reading":"きたアルプスにはやりがだけ、ほたかだけ、みなみアルプスにはしらねやま、しおみだけ、あかしだけなどたくさんある。ちゅうおうアルプスにはこまがだけ、からきだけなどね。","words":[{"text":"北アルプス","gloss":"Northern Alps","reading":"きたあるぷす"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"槍岳、","gloss":"Yarigatake"},{"text":"穂高","gloss":"Hotaka-dake"},{"text":"岳、","gloss":"Hotaka-dake"},{"text":"南アルプス","gloss":"Southern Alps"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"白根","gloss":"Shirane-yama"},{"text":"山、","gloss":"Shirane-yama"},{"text":"塩見","gloss":"Shiomi-dake"},{"text":"岳、","gloss":"Shiomi-dake"},{"text":"赤石","gloss":"Akaishi-dake"},{"text":"岳","gloss":"Akaishi-dake"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"中央","gloss":"Central","reading":"ちゅうおう"},{"text":"アルプス","gloss":"Alps"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"駒","gloss":"Komaga-dake"},{"text":"岳、","gloss":"Komaga-dake"},{"text":"空木","gloss":"Karaki-dake"},{"text":"岳","gloss":"Karaki-dake"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you know"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L101.dlg.020","source":"僕は 来年の 夏、上信越高原に 行くつもりなんだ。で 行きか帰りに ちょっと 日本アルプスの 方に 行きたいと 思ってるんだ。","translation":"I am planning to go to JOOSHINETSU Plateau next summer. And either on the way going or on the way returning, I am hoping to go the Japan Alps.","reading":"ぼくはらいねんのなつ、じょうしんえつこうげんにいくつもりなんだ。でいきかかえりにちょっとにほんアルプスのほうにいきたいとおもってるんだ。","words":[{"text":"僕","gloss":"I","reading":"ぼく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"来年","gloss":"next year","reading":"らいねん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"夏、","gloss":"summer"},{"text":"上","gloss":"Joshinetsu Plateau"},{"text":"信越","gloss":"Joshinetsu Plateau"},{"text":"高原","gloss":"Joshinetsu Plateau"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"plan"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"going","reading":"いき"},{"text":"か","gloss":"or"},{"text":"帰り","gloss":"returning","reading":"かえり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"ちょっと","gloss":"briefly"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan Alps","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"アルプス","gloss":"Japan Alps"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"direction","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am hoping","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"てる","gloss":"am hoping"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L101.dlg.021","source":"そりゃ いい かんがえだよ。松本から ちょっと はいると、乗鞍に 来る。あの あたりには おんせんも 多くて、遊びには よい 所だ。","translation":"That’s a very good idea, if you go in a little way from Matsumoto, you’ll come o to NCRIKURA. There are many hot springs around there and it’s a good place for pleasure.","reading":"そりゃいいかんがえだよ。まつもとからちょっとはいると、のりくらにくる。あのあたりにはおんせんもおおくて、あそびにはよいところだ。","words":[{"text":"そりゃ","gloss":"as for that"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"かんがえ","gloss":"idea"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"松本","gloss":"Matsumoto","reading":"まつもと"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"ちょっと","gloss":"a little"},{"text":"はいる","gloss":"go in"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"乗鞍","gloss":"Norikura","reading":"のりくら"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来る。","gloss":"come","reading":"くる"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"あたり","gloss":"area"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おんせん","gloss":"hot springs"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"遊び","gloss":"pleasure","reading":"あそび"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.dlg.021.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"北アルプス","gloss":"North Alps"},{"word":"南アルプス","gloss":"the Southern Alps (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"山、","gloss":"mountain"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"ある。","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"僕","gloss":"I (see notes)"},{"word":"夏、","gloss":"summer"},{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"帰り","gloss":"return trip (See notes)"},{"word":"ちょっと","gloss":"a little"},{"word":"てる","gloss":"to shine (v.i.)"},{"word":"かんがえ","gloss":"idea, thinking"},{"word":"はいる","gloss":"to enter, to go in"},{"word":"おんせん","gloss":"hot spring"},{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"When it comes to something · Perception drill","teaching":[{"title":"If you are to climb in winter","paragraphs":["*冬の 登山を やるとなると チーム ワークが 必要だ* means \"If you are to undertake winter mountain climbing, teamwork is necessary.\"","Here, *となると* follows the dictionary form *やる* and means \"if you are to\"."]},{"title":"When it comes to a subject","paragraphs":["*僕は スポーツとなると、あまり きょうみが ないのでね* means \"When it comes to sports, I have little interest.\"","*となると* follows a verb dictionary form, *事*, or a noun. It means \"if one is to\" or \"when it comes to\".","After *事*, *書く事となると だめですね* means \"When it comes to writing, he is no good.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L101.gp1.01","source":"冬の 登山を やるとなると チーム ワークが 必要だ。","translation":"If you are to undertake winter mountain climbing, teamwork is necessary.","reading":"ふゆのとざんをやるとなるとチームワークがひつようだ。","words":[{"text":"冬","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やる","gloss":"undertake"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"comes to"},{"text":"と","gloss":"then"},{"text":"チーム","gloss":"teamwork"},{"text":"ワーク","gloss":"teamwork"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"必要","gloss":"necessary","reading":"ひつよう"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L101.gp1.02","source":"船で 魚釣りに 行くとなると、朝早く起きなくちゃならないね。","translation":"If we are to go fishing by boat, we have to get up early in the morning, don’t we?","reading":"ふねでさかなつりにいくとなると、あさはやくおきなくちゃならないね。","words":[{"text":"船","gloss":"boat","reading":"ふね"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"魚釣り","gloss":"fishing","reading":"さかなつり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"comes to"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"起き","gloss":"get up","reading":"おき"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ちゃ","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"will do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L101.gp1.03","source":"ええ、どうしても 六時ごろ 立たなくちゃならないからね。","translation":"Yes, we have to leave around six at the latest.","reading":"ええ、どうしてもろくじごろたたなくちゃならないからね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"by all means"},{"text":"し","gloss":"by all means"},{"text":"て","gloss":"by all means"},{"text":"も","gloss":"by all means"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"ごろ","gloss":"around"},{"text":"立た","gloss":"leave","reading":"たた"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ちゃ","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"will do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L101.gp1.04","source":"日本語を 勉強するとなると、いそがしくなる事でしょうね。","translation":"If I am to study Japanese, I probably will be busy, don’t you think?","reading":"にほんごをべんきょうするとなると、いそがしくなることでしょうね。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"comes to"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"いそがしく","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"事","gloss":"outcome","reading":"こと"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L101.gp1.05","source":"ええ、あまり 遊ぶ ひまは なくなるね。","translation":"Yes, it will become such that you won’t have much time for fooling around.","reading":"ええ、あまりあそぶひまはなくなるね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"much"},{"text":"遊ぶ","gloss":"fool around","reading":"あそぶ"},{"text":"ひま","gloss":"free time"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なくなる","gloss":"disappear"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L101.gp1.06","source":"君、時々 フット ボールを 見に行くのか。","translation":"Say, do you go to see a football game once in awhile?","reading":"きみ、ときどきフットボールをみにいくのか。","words":[{"text":"君、","gloss":"say","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"フット","gloss":"football"},{"text":"ボール","gloss":"football"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L101.gp1.07","source":"いや、行った事は ない。僕は スポーツとなると、あまり きょうみが ないのでね。","translation":"No, I have never been to a game. When it comes to sports I have not much interest, you see.","reading":"いや、いったことはない。ぼくはスポーツとなると、あまりきょうみがないのでね。","words":[{"text":"いや、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"事","gloss":"experience","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"never"},{"text":"僕","gloss":"I","reading":"ぼく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sports"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"comes to"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"much"},{"text":"きょうみ","gloss":"interest"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L101.gp1.08","source":"山田さんの 奥さんは 日本料理が お上手ですね。","translation":"Mrs. Yamada is good in Japanese cooking, isn’t she?","reading":"やまださんのおくさんはにほんりょうりがおじょうずですね。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese cooking","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"料理","gloss":"Japanese cooking","reading":"りょうり"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorific"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good at","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L101.gp1.09","source":"ええ、日本料理となると、山田夫人の 右に 出る人は あまり 居ないでしょう。","translation":"Yes, when it comes to Japanese cooking, there aren’t very many people who can surpass Mrs. Yamada.","reading":"ええ、にほんりょうりとなると、やまだふじんのみぎにでるひとはあまりいないでしょう。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese cooking","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"料理","gloss":"Japanese cooking","reading":"りょうり"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"becomes"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"夫人","gloss":"Mrs.","reading":"ふじん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"右","gloss":"surpass","reading":"みぎ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"出る","gloss":"surpass","reading":"でる"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"many"},{"text":"居","gloss":"exist","reading":"い"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L101.gp1.10","source":"スミスさんは 話すのは とても 上手ですが、書く事となると だめですね。","translation":"Mr. Smith is very good in speaking, but when it comes to writing, he is no good, is he?","reading":"スミスさんははなすのはとてもじょうずですが、かくこととなるとだめですね。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"話す","gloss":"speaking","reading":"はなす"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good at","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"書く","gloss":"writing","reading":"かく"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act of","reading":"こと"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"becomes"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"だめ","gloss":"no good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L101.gp1.11","source":"ええ、ジョンズさんと ちょうど 反対ですね。","translation":"Yes, he is just exactly the opposite of Mr. Jones isn’t he?","reading":"ええ、ジョンズさんとちょうどはんたいですね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"ちょうど","gloss":"exactly"},{"text":"反対","gloss":"opposite","reading":"はんたい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.gp1.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"朝","gloss":"morning"},{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"六","gloss":"six"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ひま","gloss":"leisure time, free"},{"word":"なくなる","gloss":"to become lost, disappear"},{"word":"君、","gloss":"suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いや、","gloss":"no"},{"word":"スポーツ","gloss":"sport"},{"word":"上手","gloss":"skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"出る","gloss":"come out to the phone, go out, come out (vi)"},{"word":"とても","gloss":"very, indeed"},{"word":"だめ","gloss":"no good, useless,\nhopeless"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Winter climbing safety · Questions 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Peaks in the Southern Alps","paragraphs":["*南アルプスでは 赤石岳、塩見岳、白根山* names Mount Akaishi, Mount Shiomi and Mount Shirane in the Southern Alps.","The Southern Alps are formed by the *AKASHI* Range. Several peaks in this range reach about 10,000 feet above sea level."]},{"title":"Peaks in the Central Alps","paragraphs":["*中央アルプスでは 駒岳、空木岳などが 有名です* says Mount Koma, Mount Utsugi and other peaks are famous in the Central Alps.","The Central Alps include the *KISO* Range. They are lower than the Northern and Southern Alps and are thickly wooded."]}],"lines":[{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.001","source":"登山は チーム・ワークだから、二三人の なかまで チームを 作って 行くか、学校友だちで 山がく部を 作って 行くべきです。特に 冬の 登山となると、協力が 必要です。なだれで やられる 場合も ありますが、事故の ほとんどは 登山者の 不注意が 原因しているのです。ですから、登山者は よほど 注意しないと、外の人に めいわくを かける 結果に なります。千九百六十四年、富士登山で 大勢の 学生が なだれで やられて、沢山の ぎせい者を 出しました。冬の山の そうなんは 救助が 大変で、救助に","translation":"Since mountain climbing is teamwork, you should either form a team with two or three companions or form a mountaineering club with school friends and go together. Cooperation is especially necessary when it comes to winter mountain climbing. There are cases when people are struck by avalanches, but most accidents are caused by climbers’ carelessness. Therefore, unless climbers are extremely careful, they end up causing trouble for other people. In 1964, many students were struck by an avalanche while climbing Mount Fuji, resulting in many casualties. Rescues after accidents in the winter mountains are very difficult, and","reading":"とざんはチーム・ワークだから、にさんにんのなかまでチームをつくっていくか、がっこうともだちでやまがくぶをつくっていくべきです。とくにふゆのとざんとなると、きょうりょくがひつようです。なだれでやられるばあいもありますが、じこのほとんどはとざんしゃのふちゅういがげんいんしているのです。ですから、とざんしゃはよほどちゅういしないと、ほかのひとにめいわくをかけるけっかになります。せんきゅうひゃくろくじゅうよねん、ふじとざんでおおぜいのがくせいがなだれでやられて、たくさんのぎせいしゃをだしました。ふゆのやまのそうなんはきゅうじょがたいへんで、きゅうじょに","words":[{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"チーム・","gloss":"teamwork"},{"text":"ワーク","gloss":"teamwork"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"なか","gloss":"companions"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"companions"},{"text":"チーム","gloss":"team"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"作っ","gloss":"form","reading":"つくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"form"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"or"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school friends","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"友だち","gloss":"school friends","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountaineering club","reading":"やま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"mountaineering club"},{"text":"く","gloss":"mountaineering club"},{"text":"部","gloss":"mountaineering club","reading":"ぶ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"作っ","gloss":"form","reading":"つくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"form"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"べき","gloss":"should"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"特に","gloss":"especially","reading":"とくに"},{"text":"冬","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"becomes"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"協力","gloss":"cooperation","reading":"きょうりょく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"必要","gloss":"necessary","reading":"ひつよう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なだれ","gloss":"avalanche"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"やら","gloss":"are struck"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"are struck"},{"text":"場合","gloss":"cases","reading":"ばあい"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"事故","gloss":"accidents","reading":"じこ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほとんど","gloss":"most"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"climbers","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"者","gloss":"climbers","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"不","gloss":"carelessness","reading":"ふ"},{"text":"注意","gloss":"carelessness","reading":"ちゅうい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"原因","gloss":"cause","reading":"げんいん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"causes"},{"text":"て","gloss":"causes"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"causes"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"climbers","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"者","gloss":"climbers","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よほど","gloss":"extremely"},{"text":"注意","gloss":"careful","reading":"ちゅうい"},{"text":"し","gloss":"be careful"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"unless"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"めいわく","gloss":"trouble"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かける","gloss":"cause"},{"text":"結果","gloss":"result","reading":"けっか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"千","gloss":"one thousand"},{"text":"九百","gloss":"nine hundred"},{"text":"六十","gloss":"sixty"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four"},{"text":"年、","gloss":"year"},{"text":"富士","gloss":"climbing Mount Fuji"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"climbing Mount Fuji"},{"text":"で","gloss":"during"},{"text":"大勢","gloss":"many","reading":"おおぜい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"学生","gloss":"students","reading":"がくせい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"なだれ","gloss":"avalanche"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"やら","gloss":"were struck"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"were struck"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"were struck"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ぎせい","gloss":"casualties"},{"text":"者","gloss":"casualties","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"caused","reading":"だし"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"caused"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"},{"text":"冬","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountains","reading":"やま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"accidents"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"accidents"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"救助","gloss":"rescue","reading":"きゅうじょ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"difficult","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"救助","gloss":"rescue","reading":"きゅうじょ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.001.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.002","source":"行った者が やられる事も 時々あります。日本は このごろ アルプス登山ブームに なりました。ことに 夏山ブームで、夏の登山者だけで 六十万人以上も あるのです。日本アルプスは あまり高くは ないが、わりに 山が 急で、だんがい、ぜっぺきが 多いので、けがも 多く、そうなんも 多いのです。日本アルプスは 北アルプス・中央アルプス・南アルプスと 分けられています。北アルプスでは 槍岳、穂高岳、南アルプスでは 赤石岳、塩見岳、白根山、中央アルプスでは 駒岳、空木岳などが 有名です。","translation":"people who go to the rescue are sometimes killed too. Japan has recently experienced a boom in climbing the Japanese Alps. Summer mountain climbing is especially popular, with more than 600,000 summer climbers alone. The Japanese Alps are not very high, but the mountains are relatively steep and have many cliffs and precipices, so there are many injuries and accidents. The Japanese Alps are divided into the Northern Alps, Central Alps, and Southern Alps. Mount Yari and Mount Hotaka are famous in the Northern Alps; Mount Akaishi, Mount Shiomi, and Mount Shirane in the Southern Alps; and Mount Koma, Mount Utsugi, and others in the Central Alps.","reading":"いったものがやられることもときどきあります。にほんはこのごろアルプスとざんブームになりました。ことになつやまブームで、なつのとざんしゃだけでろくじゅうまんにんいじょうもあるのです。にほんアルプスはあまりたかくはないが、わりにやまがきゅうで、だんがい、ぜっぺきがおおいので、けがもおおく、そうなんもおおいのです。にほんアルプスはきたアルプス・ちゅうおうアルプス・みなみアルプスとわけられています。きたアルプスではやりがだけ、ほたかだけ、みなみアルプスではあかしだけ、しおみだけ、しらねやま、ちゅうおうアルプスではこまがだけ、からきだけなどがゆうめいです。","words":[{"text":"行っ","gloss":"went","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"者","gloss":"people","reading":"もの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"やら","gloss":"are killed"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"are killed"},{"text":"事","gloss":"cases","reading":"こと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"このごろ","gloss":"recently"},{"text":"アルプス","gloss":"Alps"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"ブーム","gloss":"boom"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"became"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"especially"},{"text":"に","gloss":"especially"},{"text":"夏山","gloss":"summer climbing","reading":"なつやま"},{"text":"ブーム","gloss":"boom"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"climbers","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"者","gloss":"climbers","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"alone"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"六十","gloss":"sixty"},{"text":"万","gloss":"ten thousand"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people"},{"text":"以上","gloss":"more than"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese Alps","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"アルプス","gloss":"Japanese Alps"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very"},{"text":"高く","gloss":"high","reading":"たかく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"わり","gloss":"relatively"},{"text":"に","gloss":"relatively"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountains","reading":"やま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"急","gloss":"steep","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"だん","gloss":"cliffs"},{"text":"がい、","gloss":"cliffs"},{"text":"ぜ","gloss":"precipices"},{"text":"っ","gloss":"precipices"},{"text":"ぺ","gloss":"precipices"},{"text":"き","gloss":"precipices"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"けが","gloss":"injuries"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"多く、","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"accidents"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"accidents"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese Alps","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"アルプス","gloss":"Japanese Alps"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"北アルプス・","gloss":"Northern Alps","reading":"きたあるぷす"},{"text":"中央","gloss":"Central Alps","reading":"ちゅうおう"},{"text":"アルプス・","gloss":"Central Alps"},{"text":"南アルプス","gloss":"Southern Alps","reading":"みなみあるぷす"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"分け","gloss":"are divided","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"are divided"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are divided"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are divided"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"are divided"},{"text":"北アルプス","gloss":"Northern Alps","reading":"きたあるぷす"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"槍岳、","gloss":"Mount Yari"},{"text":"穂高","gloss":"Mount Hotaka"},{"text":"岳、","gloss":"Mount Hotaka"},{"text":"南アルプス","gloss":"Southern Alps"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"赤石","gloss":"Mount Akaishi"},{"text":"岳、","gloss":"Mount Akaishi"},{"text":"塩見","gloss":"Mount Shiomi"},{"text":"岳、","gloss":"Mount Shiomi"},{"text":"白根","gloss":"Mount Shirane"},{"text":"山、","gloss":"Mount Shirane"},{"text":"中央","gloss":"Central"},{"text":"アルプス","gloss":"Alps"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"駒","gloss":"Mount Koma"},{"text":"岳、","gloss":"Mount Koma"},{"text":"空木","gloss":"Mount Utsugi"},{"text":"岳","gloss":"Mount Utsugi"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.002.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.003","source":"登山は一人で行くべきですか。","translation":"Should you go mountain climbing alone?","reading":"とざんはひとりでいくべきですか。","words":[{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一人","gloss":"alone","reading":"ひとり"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"べき","gloss":"should"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.003.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.004","source":"冬の登山となると何が必要ですか。","translation":"When it comes to winter mountain climbing, what is necessary?","reading":"ふゆのとざんとなるとなにがひつようですか。","words":[{"text":"冬","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"becomes"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"必要","gloss":"necessary","reading":"ひつよう"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.004.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.005","source":"事故のほとんどは何が原因していますか。","translation":"What causes most accidents?","reading":"じこのほとんどはなにがげんいんしていますか。","words":[{"text":"事故","gloss":"accidents","reading":"じこ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほとんど","gloss":"most"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"原因","gloss":"causes","reading":"げんいん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"causes"},{"text":"て","gloss":"causes"},{"text":"い","gloss":"causes"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"causes"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.005.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.006","source":"登山者はよほど注意しないと、どんな結果になりますか。","translation":"What will happen if climbers are not extremely careful?","reading":"とざんしゃはよほどちゅういしないと、どんなけっかになりますか。","words":[{"text":"登山","gloss":"climbers","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"者","gloss":"climbers","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よほど","gloss":"extremely"},{"text":"注意","gloss":"careful","reading":"ちゅうい"},{"text":"し","gloss":"be careful"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"unless"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"結果","gloss":"result","reading":"けっか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.006.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.007","source":"登山者はなだれでやられる場合がありますか。","translation":"Are there cases when climbers are struck by avalanches?","reading":"とざんしゃはなだれでやられるばあいがありますか。","words":[{"text":"登山","gloss":"climbers","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"者","gloss":"climbers","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なだれ","gloss":"avalanche"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"やら","gloss":"are struck"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"are struck"},{"text":"場合","gloss":"cases","reading":"ばあい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.007.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.008","source":"千九百六十四年の富士登山で、どんな事故がありましたか。","translation":"What kind of accident occurred while climbing Mount Fuji in 1964?","reading":"せんきゅうひゃくろくじゅうよねんのふじとざんで、どんなじこがありましたか。","words":[{"text":"千","gloss":"one thousand"},{"text":"九百","gloss":"nine hundred"},{"text":"六十","gloss":"sixty"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"富士","gloss":"climbing Mount Fuji","reading":"ふじ"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"climbing Mount Fuji","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"during"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"事故","gloss":"accident","reading":"じこ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"occurred"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"occurred"},{"text":"た","gloss":"occurred"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.008.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.009","source":"冬の山のそうなんはどんなですか。","translation":"What are accidents in the winter mountains like?","reading":"ふゆのやまのそうなんはどんなですか。","words":[{"text":"冬","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountains","reading":"やま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"accidents"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"accidents"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.009.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.010","source":"日本アルプス登山はどうですか。","translation":"What is climbing in the Japanese Alps like?","reading":"にほんアルプスとざんはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese Alps","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"アルプス","gloss":"Japanese Alps"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"年、","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ブーム","gloss":"a boom"},{"word":"夏山","gloss":"summer mountains; summer mountaineering"},{"word":"だけ","gloss":"only, just (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"多く、","gloss":"many of them"},{"word":"北アルプス・","gloss":"North Alps"},{"word":"い","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"一人","gloss":"one person"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Mountains, crowds and accidents · Questions 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"The Northern Alps","paragraphs":["*北アルプスで有名な山は何ですか* asks \"What mountains are famous in the Northern Alps?\" An answer names Mount Yari and Mount Hotaka.","The Northern Alps are the *HIDA* Range. It has more than 100 peaks, including 40 over 8,000 feet.","The range extends 98 miles and ends at the Japan Sea. Almost all its mountains belong to the Japan Alps National Park."]}],"lines":[{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.011","source":"日本アルプスの夏の登山はどうですか。","translation":"What is summer mountain climbing in the Japanese Alps like?","reading":"にほんアルプスのなつのとざんはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese Alps","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"アルプス","gloss":"Japanese Alps"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.011.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.012","source":"日本アルプスの登山者はどのぐらい居ますか。","translation":"About how many people climb the Japanese Alps?","reading":"にほんアルプスのとざんしゃはどのぐらいいますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese Alps","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"アルプス","gloss":"Japanese Alps"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"climbers","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"者","gloss":"climbers","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"居","gloss":"are there","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are there"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.012.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.013","source":"日本アルプスはどんな山ですか。","translation":"What are the Japanese Alps like?","reading":"にほんアルプスはどんなやまですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese Alps","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"アルプス","gloss":"Japanese Alps"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountains","reading":"やま"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.013.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.014","source":"日本アルプスではそうなんが多いですか。","translation":"Are there many accidents in the Japanese Alps?","reading":"にほんアルプスではそうなんがおおいですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese Alps","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"アルプス","gloss":"Japanese Alps"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"accidents"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"accidents"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.014.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.015","source":"日本アルプスはいくつに分けられていますか。","translation":"How many parts are the Japanese Alps divided into?","reading":"にほんアルプスはいくつにわけられていますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese Alps","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"アルプス","gloss":"Japanese Alps"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いく","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"分け","gloss":"are divided","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"are divided"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are divided"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are divided"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are divided"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.015.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.016","source":"北アルプスで有名な山は何ですか。","translation":"What mountains are famous in the Northern Alps?","reading":"きたアルプスでゆうめいなやまはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"北アルプス","gloss":"Northern Alps","reading":"きたあるぷす"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"な","gloss":"famous"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountains","reading":"やま"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.016.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.017","source":"中央アルプスでは？","translation":"What about in the Central Alps?","reading":"ちゅうおうアルプスでは？","words":[{"text":"中央","gloss":"Central Alps","reading":"ちゅうおう"},{"text":"アルプス","gloss":"Central Alps"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は？","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.017.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.018","source":"南アルプスでは？","translation":"What about in the Southern Alps?","reading":"みなみアルプスでは？","words":[{"text":"南アルプス","gloss":"Southern Alps","reading":"みなみあるぷす"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は？","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.018.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.019","source":"五時ごろは コウツウが コンザツしているから、よく気を付けて ウンテンしないと キケンです。","translation":"Traffic is congested around five o’clock, so it is dangerous unless you drive very carefully.","reading":"ごじごろはコウツウがコンザツしているから、よくきをつけてウンテンしないとキケンです。","words":[{"text":"五","gloss":"five o’clock","reading":"ご"},{"text":"時","gloss":"five o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"ごろ","gloss":"around"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"コウ","gloss":"traffic"},{"text":"ツウ","gloss":"traffic"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"コンザツ","gloss":"congested"},{"text":"し","gloss":"is congested"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is congested"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is congested"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"carefully"},{"text":"気","gloss":"care","reading":"き"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"付け","gloss":"be careful","reading":"つけ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"be careful"},{"text":"ウンテン","gloss":"drive"},{"text":"し","gloss":"drive"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"unless"},{"text":"キケン","gloss":"dangerous"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.019.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.020","source":"この間の 新聞の キジに 山がく部の ガクセイたちの そうなんの 事が 出ていました。","translation":"There was an article in the newspaper the other day about an accident involving students from a mountaineering club.","reading":"このあいだのしんぶんのキジにやまがくぶのガクセイたちのそうなんのことがでていました。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"the other day"},{"text":"間","gloss":"the other day"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"キジ","gloss":"article"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountaineering club","reading":"やま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"mountaineering club"},{"text":"く","gloss":"mountaineering club"},{"text":"部","gloss":"mountaineering club","reading":"ぶ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ガク","gloss":"students"},{"text":"セイ","gloss":"students"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"group"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"accident"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"accident"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"matter","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出","gloss":"appeared","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"appeared"},{"text":"い","gloss":"appeared"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"appeared"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"appeared"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"どの","gloss":"which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Climbing risks and rescues · Questions 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Guides, care and rescue","paragraphs":["These statements give short answers about climbing risks and precautions. *登山には 大抵 アンナイニンを 連れて 行きます* means \"We usually take a guide along when mountain climbing.\"","*事故の ほとんどは 登山者の 不注意が 原因しています* says climber carelessness causes most accidents. Winter climbing requires cooperation.","*冬の 山の そうなんは 救助が 大変です* means \"Rescues after accidents in the winter mountains are very difficult.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.021","source":"フジ トザンは シュウキョウテキな 意味が あって ノボる人が 多いです。","translation":"Climbing Mount Fuji has religious significance, and many people climb it for that reason.","reading":"フジトザンはシュウキョウテキないみがあってノボるひとがおおいです。","words":[{"text":"フジ","gloss":"climbing Mount Fuji"},{"text":"トザン","gloss":"climbing Mount Fuji"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"シュウキョウテキ","gloss":"religious"},{"text":"な","gloss":"religious"},{"text":"意味","gloss":"significance","reading":"いみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"has"},{"text":"て","gloss":"has"},{"text":"ノボ","gloss":"climb"},{"text":"る","gloss":"climb"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.021.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.022","source":"キンネン 夏山が リュウコウしています。","translation":"Summer mountain climbing has become popular in recent years.","reading":"キンネンなつやまがリュウコウしています。","words":[{"text":"キン","gloss":"recent years"},{"text":"ネン","gloss":"recent years"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer climbing","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"山","gloss":"summer climbing","reading":"やま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"リュウ","gloss":"popular"},{"text":"コウ","gloss":"popular"},{"text":"し","gloss":"became popular"},{"text":"て","gloss":"became popular"},{"text":"い","gloss":"became popular"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"became popular"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.022.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.023","source":"登山には 大抵 アンナイニンを 連れて 行きます。","translation":"We usually take a guide along when mountain climbing.","reading":"とざんにはたいていアンナイニンをつれていきます。","words":[{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"アンナイニン","gloss":"guide"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"連れ","gloss":"take along","reading":"つれ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.023.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.024","source":"事故の ほとんどは 登山者の 不注意が 原因しています。","translation":"Most accidents are caused by climbers’ carelessness.","reading":"じこのほとんどはとざんしゃのふちゅういがげんいんしています。","words":[{"text":"事故","gloss":"accidents","reading":"じこ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほとんど","gloss":"most"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"climbers","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"者","gloss":"climbers","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"不","gloss":"carelessness","reading":"ふ"},{"text":"注意","gloss":"carelessness","reading":"ちゅうい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"原因","gloss":"cause","reading":"げんいん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"causes"},{"text":"て","gloss":"causes"},{"text":"い","gloss":"causes"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"causes"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.024.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.025","source":"冬の 登山は 協力が 必要です。","translation":"Cooperation is necessary in winter mountain climbing.","reading":"ふゆのとざんはきょうりょくがひつようです。","words":[{"text":"冬","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"登山","gloss":"mountain climbing","reading":"とざん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"協力","gloss":"cooperation","reading":"きょうりょく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"必要","gloss":"necessary","reading":"ひつよう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.025.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.026","source":"冬の 山の そうなんは 救助が 大変です。","translation":"Rescues after accidents in the winter mountains are very difficult.","reading":"ふゆのやまのそうなんはきゅうじょがたいへんです。","words":[{"text":"冬","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountains","reading":"やま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"accidents"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"accidents"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"救助","gloss":"rescue","reading":"きゅうじょ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"difficult","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.026.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.027","source":"学生が 大勢 富士山で なだれに やられました。","translation":"Many students were struck by an avalanche on Mount Fuji.","reading":"がくせいがおおぜいふじさんでなだれにやられました。","words":[{"text":"学生","gloss":"students","reading":"がくせい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大勢","gloss":"many"},{"text":"富士","gloss":"Mount Fuji"},{"text":"山","gloss":"Mount Fuji"},{"text":"で","gloss":"on"},{"text":"なだれ","gloss":"avalanche"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"やら","gloss":"were struck"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"were struck"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"were struck"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"were struck"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.027.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L101.q.028","source":"試験の 結果が わかりました。","translation":"I found out the results of the examination.","reading":"しけんのけっかがわかりました。","words":[{"text":"試験","gloss":"examination","reading":"しけん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"結果","gloss":"results","reading":"けっか"},{"text":"が","gloss":"object"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"found out"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"found out"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"found out"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.q.028.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Climbing teamwork and obligations · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Teams and obligations","paragraphs":["This word set covers climbing partners, cooperation, obligation and the terrain of the Japan Alps.","*チーム・ワーク* means \"teamwork\". *---べき* means \"should\" or \"ought to\". *急* can mean \"steep\" or \"sudden\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.001","source":"行くべきだ","translation":"should go","reading":"いくべきだ","words":[{"text":"行くべきだ","gloss":"should go","reading":"いくべきだ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.001.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.002","source":"---べき","translation":"should, ought to (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"---べき","words":[{"text":"---べき","gloss":"should"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.002.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.003","source":"チーム・ワーク","translation":"teamwork","reading":"チーム・ワーク","words":[{"text":"チーム・ワーク","gloss":"teamwork"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.003.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.004","source":"なかま","translation":"friends","reading":"なかま","words":[{"text":"なかま","gloss":"friends"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.004.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.005","source":"学校友だち","translation":"school friends","reading":"がっこうともだち","words":[{"text":"学校友だち","gloss":"school friends","reading":"がっこうともだち"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.005.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.006","source":"山 がく部","translation":"alpine club","reading":"やまがくぶ","words":[{"text":"山がく部","gloss":"alpine club","reading":"やまがくぶ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.006.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.007","source":"---となると","translation":"when it comes to; If you are to do --- (See Gramm. Notes)","reading":"---となると","words":[{"text":"---となると","gloss":"when it comes to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.007.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.008","source":"協力（する）","translation":"cooperation (to cooperate (v.i.))","reading":"きょうりょく（する）","words":[{"text":"協力（する）","gloss":"cooperation","reading":"きょうりょく（する）"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.008.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.009","source":"日本アルプス","translation":"Japan Alps","reading":"にほんアルプス","words":[{"text":"日本アルプス","gloss":"Japanese Alps","reading":"にほんアルプス"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.009.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.010","source":"急","translation":"steep; sudden","reading":"きゅう","words":[{"text":"急","gloss":"steep","reading":"きゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"行くべきだ","gloss":"should go"},{"word":"---べき","gloss":"should, ought to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"チーム・ワーク","gloss":"teamwork"},{"word":"学校友だち","gloss":"school friends"},{"word":"山がく部","gloss":"alpine club"},{"word":"---となると","gloss":"when it comes to; If you are to do --- (See Gramm. Notes)"},{"word":"協力（する）","gloss":"cooperation (to cooperate (v.i.))"},{"word":"日本アルプス","gloss":"Japan Alps"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Cliffs, avalanches and rescues · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Accidents and rescue","paragraphs":["This word set covers cliffs, injuries, avalanches, rescue and the consequences of climber carelessness.","*なだれ* means \"avalanche\". *救助（する）* means \"rescue\" or \"to rescue\". *不注意* means \"carelessness\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.011","source":"だんがい","translation":"cliff; precipice","reading":"だんがい","words":[{"text":"だんがい","gloss":"cliff"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.011.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.012","source":"ぜっぺき","translation":"cliff; precipice; bluff","reading":"ぜっぺき","words":[{"text":"ぜっぺき","gloss":"precipice"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.012.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.013","source":"バリエーション・ルート","translation":"variation route","reading":"バリエーション・ルート","words":[{"text":"バリエーション・ルート","gloss":"variation route"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.013.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.014","source":"けが","translation":"injury; wound","reading":"けが","words":[{"text":"けが","gloss":"injury"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.014.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.015","source":"なだれ","translation":"avalanche","reading":"なだれ","words":[{"text":"なだれ","gloss":"avalanche"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.015.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.016","source":"救助（する）","translation":"rescue (to rescue v.t.)","reading":"きゅうじょ（する）","words":[{"text":"救助（する）","gloss":"rescue","reading":"きゅうじょ（する）"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.016.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.017","source":"やられる","translation":"be overcome by disaster","reading":"やられる","words":[{"text":"やられる","gloss":"overcome by disaster"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.017.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.018","source":"めいわくを かける","translation":"cause troubles to others","reading":"めいわくをかける","words":[{"text":"めいわくをかける","gloss":"cause others trouble"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.018.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.019","source":"結果","translation":"result; effect","reading":"けっか","words":[{"text":"結果","gloss":"result","reading":"けっか"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.019.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.020","source":"不注意","translation":"carelessness","reading":"ふちゅうい","words":[{"text":"不注意","gloss":"carelessness","reading":"ふちゅうい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"だんがい","gloss":"cliff; precipice"},{"word":"ぜっぺき","gloss":"cliff; precipice; bluff"},{"word":"バリエーション・ルート","gloss":"variation route"},{"word":"救助（する）","gloss":"rescue (to rescue v.t.)"},{"word":"やられる","gloss":"be beaten; be defeated"},{"word":"めいわくをかける","gloss":"cause troubles to others"},{"word":"不注意","gloss":"carelessness"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Mountains, stations and victims · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Stations and mountain regions","paragraphs":["This word set covers Mount Fuji stations, parts of the Japan Alps, another mountain destination and summer mountaineering.","*五合目* means \"the fifth station\". *北アルプス* means \"North Alps\". *上信越高原* means \"Joshin-etsu Plateau\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.021","source":"学生時代","translation":"the time one was a student","reading":"がくせいじだい","words":[{"text":"学生時代","gloss":"student days","reading":"がくせいじだい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.021.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.022","source":"五合目","translation":"the 5th station","reading":"ごごうめ","words":[{"text":"五合目","gloss":"fifth station","reading":"ごごうめ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.022.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.023","source":"---合目","translation":"station (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"---ごうめ","words":[{"text":"---合目","gloss":"station","reading":"---ごうめ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.023.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.024","source":"北アルプス","translation":"North Alps","reading":"きたアルプス","words":[{"text":"北アルプス","gloss":"Northern Alps","reading":"きたアルプス"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.024.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.025","source":"中央アルプス","translation":"Central Alps","reading":"ちゅうおうアルプス","words":[{"text":"中央アルプス","gloss":"Central Alps","reading":"ちゅうおうアルプス"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.025.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.026","source":"上信越高原","translation":"Joshin-etsu Plateau (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"じょうしんえつこうげん","words":[{"text":"上信越高原","gloss":"Joshinetsu Plateau","reading":"じょうしんえつこうげん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.026.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.027","source":"ぎせい者","translation":"victims","reading":"ぎせいしゃ","words":[{"text":"ぎせい者","gloss":"victims","reading":"ぎせいしゃ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.027.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L101.w.028","source":"夏 山","translation":"summer mountains; summer mountaineering","reading":"なつやま","words":[{"text":"夏山","gloss":"summer mountains","reading":"なつやま"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L101.w.028.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":9,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\n1 Topic Titles:\n\n1a Talk about mountain climbing disaster---the best a way to avoid it, the common cause of disaster, etc.\n\n2 Visual Cues:\n\n2a Look at the maps and pictures on pages 183 to 188 and talk about them.\n\n2b Talk about the Japan Alps.\n\n2b(1) The Northern Alps\n\n2b(2) The Central Alps\n\n2b(3) The Southern Alps"},{"section":10,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.\n\n2 Study the Grammar Perception Drill,\n\n3 Study the Pattern Practice and do the exercise following each pattern.\n\n4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.\n\n5 Read the Explanatory Notes.\n\n6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"学生時代","gloss":"the time one was a student"},{"word":"五合目","gloss":"the 5th station"},{"word":"---合目","gloss":"station (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"中央アルプス","gloss":"Central Alps"},{"word":"上信越高原","gloss":"Joshin-etsu Plateau (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"ぎせい者","gloss":"victims"}],"paradigms":[]}]}