{"course":{"lang":"la","language":"Latin","title":"Prīmus et Secundus Annus","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la","source":"Paine and Mainwaring, Prīmus Annus (Oxford, 1912) and Secundus Annus (1917); Appleton and Jones, Puer Rōmānus (1913); D'Ooge, Latin for Beginners (Boston, 1911); Ritchie, Fabulae Faciles (1903). Public domain. The teaching pages, the glosses and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":14,"id":"la.module.pr.26-30","title":"Capita 26–30","stage":"Puer Romanus","situation":"Dionȳsius et Dāmoclēs; Fūnus; Tēstāmentum et līs inde orta; Rūs ītur; Dē gruibus","outcome":"Chapters 26–30 of the reader, read whole","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/14","lines":233},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/13","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/15","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/","sections":[{"title":"Dionȳsius et Dāmoclēs (Puer Rōmānus 26)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"la.pr.C26.s1.1","source":"Neque Dionȳsius, Syrācūsārum tyrannus, quī tantās habēbat dīvitiās, tantamque rērum abundantiam, putābat sē esse beātum.","translation":"Nor did Dionysius, the tyrant of Syracuse, who had such great riches and such an abundance of everything, think that he was happy.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Neque","gloss":"neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"Dionȳsius,","gloss":"Dionysius: Dionysius (long y)"},{"text":"Syrācūsārum","gloss":"Syracusae: Syracuse (pl.)"},{"text":"tyrannus,","gloss":"tyrant"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"tantās","gloss":"tantus: so great"},{"text":"habēbat","gloss":"habeo: have, hold; regard, consider, deem"},{"text":"dīvitiās,","gloss":"divitiae: riches (pl.), wealth"},{"text":"tantamque","gloss":"tantus: so great"},{"text":"rērum","gloss":"res: res"},{"text":"abundantiam,","gloss":"abundantia: abundance, plenty"},{"text":"putābat","gloss":"puto: think, believe, suppose, hold"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"esse","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"beātum.","gloss":"beatus: blessed, blissful"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.s1.1.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"la.pr.C26.s1.2","source":"Nam cum quīdam ex assentātōribus ēius, Dāmoclēs, commemorāret in sermōne cōpiās ēius, opēs, māiestātem dominātūs, rērum abundantiam, māgnificentiam aedium rēgiārum; negāretque umquam beātiōrem quemquam fuisse: ‘Vīsne igitur,’ inquit, ‘Dāmoclē, quoniam haec tē vīta dēlectat, ipse eandem dēgustāre, et fortūnam experīrī meam?’","translation":"For when one of his flatterers, Damocles, was speaking in conversation of his forces, his wealth, the majesty of his rule, his abundance of everything and the splendour of his royal palace, and was saying that no one had ever been happier, Dionysius said, 'Would you like, then, Damocles, since this life delights you, to taste it yourself and to try my fortune?'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nam","gloss":"for"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"quīdam","gloss":"quidam: a certain one, a certain, a"},{"text":"ex","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"assentātōribus","gloss":"assentator: yes-man, flatterer, toady"},{"text":"ēius,","gloss":"is: he, she, it; that"},{"text":"Dāmoclēs,","gloss":"Damocles: fallow/red-deer"},{"text":"commemorāret","gloss":"commemoro: recall (to self/other)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"sermōne","gloss":"sermo: conversation, discussion"},{"text":"cōpiās","gloss":"copia: plenty, abundance; troops, forces"},{"text":"ēius,","gloss":"is: he, she, it; that"},{"text":"opēs,","gloss":"ops: power, might"},{"text":"māiestātem","gloss":"majestas: majesty, dignity (of god/rank/position)"},{"text":"dominātūs,","gloss":"dominatus: rule, mastery, domain"},{"text":"rērum","gloss":"res: res"},{"text":"abundantiam,","gloss":"abundantia: abundance, plenty"},{"text":"māgnificentiam","gloss":"magnificentia: greatness"},{"text":"aedium","gloss":"aedes: temple, shrine"},{"text":"rēgiārum;","gloss":"regius: royal, of a king, regal"},{"text":"negāretque","gloss":"nego: deny, refuse"},{"text":"umquam","gloss":"ever, at any time"},{"text":"beātiōrem","gloss":"beatus: blessed, blissful"},{"text":"quemquam","gloss":"quisquam: anyone"},{"text":"fuisse:","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"‘Vīsne","gloss":"vis: strength (sg. only), force, power, might, violence"},{"text":"igitur,’","gloss":"therefore, then"},{"text":"inquit,","gloss":"inquam: say (defective)"},{"text":"‘Dāmoclē,","gloss":"Damocles: fallow/red-deer"},{"text":"quoniam","gloss":"where, to what place"},{"text":"haec","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"tē","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"vīta","gloss":"vita: life"},{"text":"dēlectat,","gloss":"delecto: delight, please, amuse, fascinate"},{"text":"ipse","gloss":"self; even, very"},{"text":"eandem","gloss":"idem: the same"},{"text":"dēgustāre,","gloss":"degusto: taste"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"fortūnam","gloss":"fortuna: fortune"},{"text":"experīrī","gloss":"experior: test, put to the test"},{"text":"meam?’","gloss":"meus: my, mine"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.s1.2.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"la.pr.C26.s1.3","source":"Cum sē ille cupere dīxisset, collocārī iūssit hominem in aureō lectō, strātō pulcherrimē textilī strāgulō, māgnificīsque operibus pīctō; abacōsque complūrēs ornāvit argentō aurōque caelātō.","translation":"When Damocles had said that he would like to, Dionysius ordered the man to be placed on a golden couch, spread with a most beautiful woven coverlet worked with splendid designs; and he decked out several sideboards with chased silver and gold.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"ille","gloss":"that; he, she, it"},{"text":"cupere","gloss":"cupio: wish/long/be eager for"},{"text":"dīxisset,","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"collocārī","gloss":"colloco: place/put/set in order/proper position, arrange"},{"text":"iūssit","gloss":"jubeo: order/tell/command/direct"},{"text":"hominem","gloss":"homo: man, human being, person, fellow"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"aureō","gloss":"aureus: golden"},{"text":"lectō,","gloss":"lectum: chosen/picked/selected men (pl.)"},{"text":"strātō","gloss":"stratum: coverlet"},{"text":"pulcherrimē","gloss":"fine, beautifully"},{"text":"textilī","gloss":"textilis: woven"},{"text":"strāgulō,","gloss":"stragulum: covering"},{"text":"māgnificīsque","gloss":"prize, esteem greatly"},{"text":"operibus","gloss":"opus: need"},{"text":"pīctō;","gloss":"pingo: paint, tint, color"},{"text":"abacōsque","gloss":"small table for cruets, credence, shelf/niche near altar for Eucharist"},{"text":"complūrēs","gloss":"complures: many (pl.), several, a fair/good number"},{"text":"ornāvit","gloss":"orno: equip"},{"text":"argentō","gloss":"argentum: silver"},{"text":"aurōque","gloss":"aurum: breeze, breath (of air), wind"},{"text":"caelātō.","gloss":"caelo: carve, make raised work/relief"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.s1.3.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"la.pr.C26.s1.4","source":"Tum ad mēnsam eximiā fōrmā puerōs dēlēctōs iūssit cōnsistere, eōsque nūtum ēius intuentēs dīligenter ministrāre.","translation":"Then he ordered chosen boys of outstanding beauty to stand by the table, and to watch his nod and serve him carefully.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tum","gloss":"then, at that time"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"mēnsam","gloss":"mensa: table"},{"text":"eximiā","gloss":"eximius: select"},{"text":"fōrmā","gloss":"forma: form, beauty"},{"text":"puerōs","gloss":"puer: boy"},{"text":"dēlēctōs","gloss":"deligo: pick/pluck off, cull"},{"text":"iūssit","gloss":"jubeo: order/tell/command/direct"},{"text":"cōnsistere,","gloss":"consisto: stop/stand/halt/cease"},{"text":"eōsque","gloss":"is: he, she, it; that"},{"text":"nūtum","gloss":"nutus: nod"},{"text":"ēius","gloss":"is: he, she, it; that"},{"text":"intuentēs","gloss":"intueor: look at"},{"text":"dīligenter","gloss":"diligenter: industriously, diligently"},{"text":"ministrāre.","gloss":"ministro: attend (to), serve, furnish"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.s1.4.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"la.pr.C26.s1.5","source":"Aderant unguenta, corōnae; incendēbantur odōrēs; mēnsae conquīsītissimīs epulīs exstruēbantur.","translation":"There were perfumes and garlands; scents were burning; the tables were piled with the choicest dishes.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Aderant","gloss":"adsum: take (to/up/on/from), adopt/raise, use"},{"text":"unguenta,","gloss":"unguentum: oil, ointment"},{"text":"corōnae;","gloss":"corona: crown"},{"text":"incendēbantur","gloss":"incendo: set on fire"},{"text":"odōrēs;","gloss":"odor: scent, odor, aroma, smell"},{"text":"mēnsae","gloss":"mensa: table"},{"text":"conquīsītissimīs","gloss":"conquiro: of/from/belonging to Cos (island in Aegean, now Stanchio)"},{"text":"epulīs","gloss":"epulae: courses (pl.), food, dishes of food"},{"text":"exstruēbantur.","gloss":"exstruo: pile/build up, raise, build, construct"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.s1.5.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"la.pr.C26.s1.6","source":"Fortūnātus sibi Dāmoclēs vidēbātur.","translation":"Damocles thought himself a lucky man.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Fortūnātus","gloss":"fortuno: make happy, bless, prosper"},{"text":"sibi","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"Dāmoclēs","gloss":"Damocles: fallow/red-deer"},{"text":"vidēbātur.","gloss":"video: see, perceive"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.s1.6.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"la.pr.C26.s1.7","source":"In hōc mediō apparātū fulgentem gladium, ē lacūnārī saetā equīnā aptum, dēmīttī iūssit, ut impenderet illīus beātī cervīcibus.","translation":"In the middle of all this display Dionysius ordered a gleaming sword, hung from the ceiling by a horsehair, to be let down, so that it hung over that happy man's neck.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"In","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"hōc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"mediō","gloss":"medius: middle, middle part of"},{"text":"apparātū","gloss":"apparo: prepare, fit out, make ready, equip, provide"},{"text":"fulgentem","gloss":"fulgeo: flash, shine"},{"text":"gladium,","gloss":"gladius: sword"},{"text":"ē","gloss":"ex: out of, from"},{"text":"lacūnārī","gloss":"lacunarius: paneled ceiling"},{"text":"saetā","gloss":"saeta: hair"},{"text":"equīnā","gloss":"equinus: concerning horses"},{"text":"aptum,","gloss":"aptus: suitable, adapted"},{"text":"dēmīttī","gloss":"demitto: drop, let fall"},{"text":"iūssit,","gloss":"jubeo: order/tell/command/direct"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"impenderet","gloss":"impendo: expend, spend"},{"text":"illīus","gloss":"ille: that; he, she, it"},{"text":"beātī","gloss":"beati: happy/fortunate men/persons (pl.)"},{"text":"cervīcibus.","gloss":"cervix: neck (sg/pl.), nape"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.s1.7.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"la.pr.C26.s1.8","source":"Itaque nec pulchrōs illōs ministrātōrēs aspiciēbat, nec plēnum artis argentum; nec manum porrigēbat in mēnsam; iam ipsae dēfluēbant corōnae.","translation":"And so he neither looked at those beautiful servants nor at the silver full of art; nor did he stretch out his hand to the table; by now the very garlands were slipping off.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Itaque","gloss":"and so, therefore, accordingly"},{"text":"nec","gloss":"neque: neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"pulchrōs","gloss":"pulcher: pretty, beautiful"},{"text":"illōs","gloss":"ille: that"},{"text":"ministrātōrēs","gloss":"ministrator: female attendant"},{"text":"aspiciēbat,","gloss":"aspicio: look/gaze on/at, see, observe, behold, regard"},{"text":"nec","gloss":"neque: neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"plēnum","gloss":"plenus: full"},{"text":"artis","gloss":"ars: skill/craft/art"},{"text":"argentum;","gloss":"silver"},{"text":"nec","gloss":"neque: neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"manum","gloss":"manus: hand; band, force"},{"text":"porrigēbat","gloss":"porrigo: stretch out, extend"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"mēnsam;","gloss":"mensa: table"},{"text":"iam","gloss":"jam: already, now"},{"text":"ipsae","gloss":"ipse: himself, herself, itself"},{"text":"dēfluēbant","gloss":"defluo: flow/glide/run down"},{"text":"corōnae.","gloss":"corona: crown"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.s1.8.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"la.pr.C26.s1.9","source":"Dēnique exōrāvit tyrannum ut abīre licēret, quod iam beātus nōllet esse.","translation":"At last he begged the tyrant to let him go, because he no longer wanted to be happy.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dēnique","gloss":"denique: finally"},{"text":"exōrāvit","gloss":"exoro: persuade, obtain/win over by entreaty, prevail upon"},{"text":"tyrannum","gloss":"tyrannus: tyrant"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"abīre","gloss":"abeo: depart, go away"},{"text":"licēret,","gloss":"liceo: it is permitted, one may"},{"text":"quod","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"iam","gloss":"jam: already, now"},{"text":"beātus","gloss":"beatus: blessed, blissful"},{"text":"nōllet","gloss":"nolo: not to wish, be unwilling"},{"text":"esse.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.s1.9.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"la.pr.C26.s2.1","source":"Satisne vidētur dēclārāsse Dionȳsius nihil esse eī beātī, cuī semper aliquis terror impendeat?","translation":"Does it not seem that Dionysius made it plain enough that there is no happiness for a man over whom some fear always hangs?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Satisne","gloss":"satis: enough, adequately"},{"text":"vidētur","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"dēclārāsse","gloss":"declaro: declare/announce/make known"},{"text":"Dionȳsius","gloss":"Dionysius: Dionysius (long y)"},{"text":"nihil","gloss":"nothing"},{"text":"esse","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"eī","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"beātī,","gloss":"beatus: blessed, blissful"},{"text":"cuī","gloss":"qui: who, which"},{"text":"semper","gloss":"always"},{"text":"aliquis","gloss":"aliqui: anyone/anybody/anything"},{"text":"terror","gloss":"terror, fear"},{"text":"impendeat?","gloss":"impendeo: expend, spend"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.s2.1.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"la.pr.C26.pB.1","source":"Quis erat Dionȳsius?","translation":"Who was Dionysius?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quis","gloss":"who?"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Dionȳsius?","gloss":"Dionysius: Dionysius (long y)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.pB.1.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"la.pr.C26.pB.2","source":"Quid in sermōne commemorāvit Dāmoclēs?","translation":"What did Damocles speak of in conversation?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"sermōne","gloss":"sermo: conversation, discussion"},{"text":"commemorāvit","gloss":"commemoro: recall (to self/other)"},{"text":"Dāmoclēs?","gloss":"Damocles: fallow/red-deer"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.pB.2.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"la.pr.C26.pB.3","source":"Quid eum rogāvit Dionȳsius?","translation":"What did Dionysius ask him?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"eum","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"rogāvit","gloss":"rogo: ask"},{"text":"Dionȳsius?","gloss":"Dionysius: Dionysius (long y)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.pB.3.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"la.pr.C26.pB.4","source":"Quid deinde iūssit servōs suōs facere?","translation":"What did he then order his slaves to do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"deinde","gloss":"then, in the next place"},{"text":"iūssit","gloss":"jubeo: order/tell/command/direct"},{"text":"servōs","gloss":"servus: slave, servant"},{"text":"suōs","gloss":"suus: his, her, hers, its, their, theirs"},{"text":"facere?","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.pB.4.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"la.pr.C26.pB.5","source":"Quālēs iūssit ad mēnsam cōnsistere?","translation":"What sort of boys did he order to stand by the table?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quālēs","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"iūssit","gloss":"jubeo: order/tell/command/direct"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"mēnsam","gloss":"mensa: table"},{"text":"cōnsistere?","gloss":"consisto: stop/stand/halt/cease"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.pB.5.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"la.pr.C26.pB.6","source":"Quid oportuit hōs facere?","translation":"What did these have to do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"oportuit","gloss":"oportet: require (to be done), order"},{"text":"hōs","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"facere?","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.pB.6.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"la.pr.C26.pB.7","source":"Dēscribe cēnam tōtumque apparātum.","translation":"Describe the dinner and the whole display.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dēscribe","gloss":"describo: describe/draw, mark/trace out"},{"text":"cēnam","gloss":"cena: dinner"},{"text":"tōtumque","gloss":"totus: whole, all, entire, total, complete"},{"text":"apparātum.","gloss":"apparo: prepare, fit out, make ready, equip, provide"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.pB.7.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"la.pr.C26.pB.8","source":"Mediam inter cēnam quid accidit?","translation":"What happened in the middle of the dinner?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mediam","gloss":"medius: middle, middle of, mid"},{"text":"inter","gloss":"between, among"},{"text":"cēnam","gloss":"cena: dinner"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"accidit?","gloss":"accido2: cut, cut into/down/up, hack, hew, fell"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.pB.8.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"la.pr.C26.pB.9","source":"Quae cum Dāmoclēs vidēret quōmodo sē gerēbat?","translation":"When Damocles saw this, how did he behave?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quae","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"Dāmoclēs","gloss":"Damocles: fallow/red-deer"},{"text":"vidēret","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"quōmodo","gloss":"quomodo: how, in what way"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"gerēbat?","gloss":"gero: bear, carry on; wear"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.pB.9.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"la.pr.C26.pB.10","source":"Quid dēnique ōrāvit tyrannum?","translation":"What did he beg the tyrant at last?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"dēnique","gloss":"denique: finally"},{"text":"ōrāvit","gloss":"oro: beg, ask for, pray"},{"text":"tyrannum?","gloss":"tyrannus: tyrant"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.pB.10.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"la.pr.C26.pC.1","source":"Quid interest inter iūrgium et rīxam?","translation":"What is the difference between a quarrel and a brawl?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"interest","gloss":"intersum: be/lie between, be in the midst"},{"text":"inter","gloss":"between, among"},{"text":"iūrgium","gloss":"jurgium: quarrel/dispute/strife"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"rīxam?","gloss":"rixa: violent or noisy quarrel, brawl, dispute"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.pC.1.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"la.pr.C26.pC.2","source":"Quid in pistrīnō facimus?","translation":"What do we do in a mill?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"pistrīnō","gloss":"pistrinum: mill/bakery"},{"text":"facimus?","gloss":"facio: do, make"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.pC.2.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"la.pr.C26.pC.3","source":"Quālis via est trāmes?","translation":"What sort of road is a path?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quālis","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"via","gloss":"way, road, street"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"trāmes?","gloss":"trames: footpath, track"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.pC.3.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"la.pr.C26.pC.4","source":"Quid sīgnificat harundō? Sīgnificatne alia?","translation":"What does harundo mean? Does it mean anything else?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"sīgnificat","gloss":"significo: signify, indicate, show"},{"text":"harundō?","gloss":"harundo: reed, cane, fishing rod, limed twigs for catching birds"},{"text":"Sīgnificatne","gloss":"significo: signify, indicate, show"},{"text":"alia?","gloss":"alius2: another, other"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.pC.4.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"la.pr.C26.pC.5","source":"Quōmodo āleā lūdimus?","translation":"How do we play at dice?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quōmodo","gloss":"quomodo: how, in what way"},{"text":"āleā","gloss":"alea: game of dice"},{"text":"lūdimus?","gloss":"ludo: play, mock, tease, trick"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.pC.5.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"la.pr.C26.pC.6","source":"Quid interest inter avunculum et patruum?","translation":"What is the difference between a mother's brother and a father's brother?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"interest","gloss":"intersum: be/lie between, be in the midst"},{"text":"inter","gloss":"between, among"},{"text":"avunculum","gloss":"avunculus: maternal uncle, mother's brother, mother's sister's husband"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"patruum?","gloss":"patruus: father's brother"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.pC.6.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"la.pr.C26.pC.7","source":"Quid faciunt assentātōrēs?","translation":"What do flatterers do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"faciunt","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"assentātōrēs?","gloss":"assentator: yes-man, flatterer, toady"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.pC.7.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"la.pr.C26.pC.8","source":"Quāle est aurum caelātum?","translation":"What is chased gold like?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quāle","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"aurum","gloss":"gold"},{"text":"caelātum?","gloss":"caelo: carve, make raised work/relief"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.pC.8.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"la.pr.C26.pC.9","source":"Quid est lacūnar?","translation":"What is a panelled ceiling?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"lacūnar?","gloss":"paneled ceiling"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.pC.9.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"la.pr.C26.pC.10","source":"Quid est strāgulum textile?","translation":"What is a woven coverlet?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"strāgulum","gloss":"stragulum: covering"},{"text":"textile?","gloss":"woven fabric, cloth"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C26.pC.10.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"Syrācūsārum","gloss":"Syracuse, from Syracusae"},{"word":"tyrannus","gloss":"tyrant"},{"word":"dīvitiās","gloss":"riches, wealth, from divitiae"},{"word":"abundantiam","gloss":"abundance, plenty, from abundantia"},{"word":"assentātōribus","gloss":"yes-man, flatterer, from assentator"},{"word":"Dāmoclēs","gloss":"fallow"},{"word":"opēs","gloss":"power, might, from ops"},{"word":"māiestātem","gloss":"majesty, dignity, from majestas"},{"word":"dominātūs","gloss":"rule, mastery"},{"word":"māgnificentiam","gloss":"greatness, from magnificentia"},{"word":"aedium","gloss":"temple, shrine, from aedes"},{"word":"dēlectat","gloss":"delight, please, from delecto"},{"word":"dēgustāre","gloss":"taste, from degusto"},{"word":"collocārī","gloss":"place, arrange, from colloco"},{"word":"aureō","gloss":"golden, from aureus"},{"word":"strātō","gloss":"coverlet, from stratum"},{"word":"pulcherrimē","gloss":"fine, beautifully"},{"word":"textilī","gloss":"woven, from textilis"},{"word":"strāgulō","gloss":"covering, from stragulum"},{"word":"māgnificīsque","gloss":"prize, esteem greatly"},{"word":"abacōsque","gloss":"small table for cruets, credence"},{"word":"argentō","gloss":"silver, from argentum"},{"word":"caelātō","gloss":"carve, make raised work, from caelo"},{"word":"dēlēctōs","gloss":"pick, cull, from deligo"},{"word":"nūtum","gloss":"nod, from nutus"},{"word":"intuentēs","gloss":"look at, from intueor"},{"word":"ministrāre","gloss":"attend, serve, from ministro"},{"word":"unguenta","gloss":"oil, ointment, from unguentum"},{"word":"incendēbantur","gloss":"set fire to, burn, from incendo"},{"word":"odōrēs","gloss":"scent, odor, from odor"},{"word":"conquīsītissimīs","gloss":"of, from conquiro"},{"word":"epulīs","gloss":"courses, food, from epulae"},{"word":"Fortūnātus","gloss":"make happy, bless, from fortuno"},{"word":"apparātū","gloss":"prepare, fit out, from apparo"},{"word":"lacūnārī","gloss":"paneled ceiling, from lacunarius"},{"word":"equīnā","gloss":"concerning horses, from equinus"},{"word":"aptum","gloss":"suitable, adapted, from aptus"},{"word":"impenderet","gloss":"expend, spend, from impendo"},{"word":"beātī","gloss":"happy"},{"word":"ministrātōrēs","gloss":"female attendant, from ministrator"},{"word":"aspiciēbat","gloss":"look, see, from aspicio"},{"word":"porrigēbat","gloss":"stretch out, extend, from porrigo"},{"word":"dēfluēbant","gloss":"flow, from defluo"},{"word":"exōrāvit","gloss":"persuade, obtain, from exoro"},{"word":"dēclārāsse","gloss":"declare, from declaro"},{"word":"impendeat","gloss":"expend, spend, from impendeo"},{"word":"lacūnar","gloss":"paneled ceiling"},{"word":"textile","gloss":"woven fabric, cloth"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Fūnus (Puer Rōmānus 27)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":31,"id":"la.pr.C27.s1.1","source":"Hodiē pater nōs omnēs iūssit vestēs mūtāre quia avus meus mortuus esset.","translation":"Today my father ordered us all to change our clothes because my grandfather had died.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hodiē","gloss":"hodie: to-day"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"nōs","gloss":"nos: we"},{"text":"omnēs","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"iūssit","gloss":"jubeo: order/tell/command/direct"},{"text":"vestēs","gloss":"vestis: garment, clothing, blanket"},{"text":"mūtāre","gloss":"muto: move, change, shift, alter, exchange, substitute (for)"},{"text":"quia","gloss":"because"},{"text":"avus","gloss":"grandfather"},{"text":"meus","gloss":"my, mine"},{"text":"mortuus","gloss":"dead, deceased"},{"text":"esset.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.s1.1.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"la.pr.C27.s1.2","source":"Erat homo prōvectae aetātis, facilis ergā omnēs cōmisque, puerīs praecipuē benīgnus.","translation":"He was a man of advanced years, easy with everyone and kindly, and particularly good to boys.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"homo","gloss":"man, human being, person, fellow"},{"text":"prōvectae","gloss":"proveho: carry"},{"text":"aetātis,","gloss":"aetas: age"},{"text":"facilis","gloss":"facile, easy"},{"text":"ergā","gloss":"towards, opposite (friendly)"},{"text":"omnēs","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"cōmisque,","gloss":"comis: courteous/kind/obliging/affable/gracious"},{"text":"puerīs","gloss":"puer: boy"},{"text":"praecipuē","gloss":"praecipuus: before, in front of"},{"text":"benīgnus.","gloss":"benignus: kind, favorable, obliging"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.s1.2.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"la.pr.C27.s1.3","source":"Mihi saltem quotiēns eum vīsēbam, crustula, vel alia quaedam puerīs grāta, semper dabat.","translation":"To me at least, whenever I visited him, he always gave cakes or some other things that boys like.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"saltem","gloss":"at least, anyhow, in all events"},{"text":"quotiēns","gloss":"quotiens: how often? as often as"},{"text":"eum","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"vīsēbam,","gloss":"viso: visit, go to see"},{"text":"crustula,","gloss":"crustulum: pastry, cake"},{"text":"vel","gloss":"even, actually"},{"text":"alia","gloss":"alius2: another, other"},{"text":"quaedam","gloss":"quidam: a certain one, a certain, a"},{"text":"puerīs","gloss":"puer: boy"},{"text":"grāta,","gloss":"gratus: acceptable, pleasing"},{"text":"semper","gloss":"always"},{"text":"dabat.","gloss":"do: give"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.s1.3.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"la.pr.C27.s1.4","source":"Summō igitur dolōre affectus sum cum audīvissem eum esse mortuum.","translation":"So I was filled with the greatest grief when I heard that he had died.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Summō","gloss":"summus: highest, greatest"},{"text":"igitur","gloss":"therefore, then"},{"text":"dolōre","gloss":"dolor: pain, anguish, grief, sorrow, suffering"},{"text":"affectus","gloss":"affectus2: affection, passion, love"},{"text":"sum","gloss":"be; exist"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"audīvissem","gloss":"audio: hear, listen, accept, agree with"},{"text":"eum","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"esse","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"mortuum.","gloss":"mortuus: dead, deceased"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.s1.4.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"la.pr.C27.s1.5","source":"Mortem obiit nūdius tertius, aviaque mea, quae aderat, oculōs ēius exstantēs rigentēsque clausit; quibus clausīs, cadāver inclāmābat ‘Avē’ vel ‘Valē’ identidem iterāns.","translation":"He died the day before yesterday, and my grandmother, who was there, closed his staring and stiffening eyes; and when they had been closed she called out to the body, repeating over and over 'Hail' or 'Farewell'.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mortem","gloss":"mors: death"},{"text":"obiit","gloss":"obeo: go to meet"},{"text":"nūdius","gloss":"nudus: nude"},{"text":"tertius,","gloss":"repeat three times"},{"text":"aviaque","gloss":"avia: grandmother"},{"text":"mea,","gloss":"meus: my, mine"},{"text":"quae","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"aderat,","gloss":"adsum: take (to/up/on/from), adopt/raise, use"},{"text":"oculōs","gloss":"oculus: eye"},{"text":"ēius","gloss":"is: he, she, it; that"},{"text":"exstantēs","gloss":"exsto: stand forth/out"},{"text":"rigentēsque","gloss":"stiff"},{"text":"clausit;","gloss":"claudo: limp, stumble/falter/hesitate"},{"text":"quibus","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"clausīs,","gloss":"clausum: cell"},{"text":"cadāver","gloss":"cadaver: corpse, cadaver, dead body"},{"text":"inclāmābat","gloss":"inclamo: cry out (to), call upon"},{"text":"‘Avē’","gloss":"aveo: hail"},{"text":"vel","gloss":"even, actually"},{"text":"‘Valē’","gloss":"valeo: be strong/powerful/influential/healthy"},{"text":"identidem","gloss":"repeatedly"},{"text":"iterāns.","gloss":"itero: do a second time"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.s1.5.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"la.pr.C27.s1.6","source":"Deinde cadāver humī dēpositum pollīnctōrēs (quasi pellis ūnctōrēs) quōs libitīnāriī mīserant, aquā calidā lavant unguentīsque variīs unguunt.","translation":"Then the body was laid on the ground and the layers-out (as it were the anointers of the skin), whom the undertakers had sent, wash it with warm water and anoint it with various perfumes.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Deinde","gloss":"then, in the next place"},{"text":"cadāver","gloss":"cadaver: corpse, cadaver, dead body"},{"text":"humī","gloss":"humus: ground, soil, earth, land, country"},{"text":"dēpositum","gloss":"depositum: deposit, trust"},{"text":"pollīnctōrēs","gloss":"pollinctor: undertaker"},{"text":"(quasi","gloss":"as if, just as if, as though"},{"text":"pellis","gloss":"skin, hide"},{"text":"ūnctōrēs)","gloss":"unctor: anointer"},{"text":"quōs","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"libitīnāriī","gloss":"libitinarius: undertaker"},{"text":"mīserant,","gloss":"mitto: send"},{"text":"aquā","gloss":"aqua: water"},{"text":"calidā","gloss":"calida: hot water"},{"text":"lavant","gloss":"lavo: wash, bathe"},{"text":"unguentīsque","gloss":"oil, ointment"},{"text":"variīs","gloss":"varius: different"},{"text":"unguunt.","gloss":"ungo: anoint/rub (w/oil/unguent)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.s1.6.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"la.pr.C27.s1.7","source":"Quae cum gererentur uxor, animī valdē commōta, hūc illūc ambulābat et ‘Utinam’ clāmāvit ‘adhūc vīveret; numquam anteā percēpī quam cārus mihi esset.","translation":"While this was going on my grandmother, deeply stirred in her mind, walked this way and that and cried, 'If only he were still alive; never before did I realize how dear he was to me.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quae","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"gererentur","gloss":"gero: bear, carry, wear"},{"text":"uxor,","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"animī","gloss":"animus: mind, heart; spirit, feeling"},{"text":"valdē","gloss":"greatly/very/intensely"},{"text":"commōta,","gloss":"commoveo: shake/stir up, agitate"},{"text":"hūc","gloss":"huc: here, to this place"},{"text":"illūc","gloss":"illic: in that place, there, over there"},{"text":"ambulābat","gloss":"ambulo: walk, take a walk, go on foot"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"‘Utinam’","gloss":"if only, would that"},{"text":"clāmāvit","gloss":"clamo: proclaim, declare"},{"text":"‘adhūc","gloss":"adhuc: hitherto, as yet, thus far"},{"text":"vīveret;","gloss":"vivo: be alive, live"},{"text":"numquam","gloss":"never"},{"text":"anteā","gloss":"antea: before, previously"},{"text":"percēpī","gloss":"percipio: secure, gain"},{"text":"quam","gloss":"than"},{"text":"cārus","gloss":"carus: dear, beloved"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"esset.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.s1.7.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"la.pr.C27.s1.8","source":"Ō stultōs mortālēs! quī nisi quod Libitīna sacrāvit nihil mīrēminī’.","translation":"Oh foolish mortals, who wonder at nothing but what the goddess of funerals has made holy!'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ō","gloss":"O! (in address)"},{"text":"stultōs","gloss":"stultus: foolish, stupid"},{"text":"mortālēs!","gloss":"mortalis: mortal, transient"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"nisi","gloss":"unless, if ... not"},{"text":"quod","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"Libitīna","gloss":"Libitina: Libitina, goddess of funerals"},{"text":"sacrāvit","gloss":"sacro: consecrate, make sacred, dedicate"},{"text":"nihil","gloss":"nothing"},{"text":"mīrēminī’.","gloss":"miro: be amazed/surprised/bewildered (at)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.s1.8.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"la.pr.C27.s1.9","source":"At pollīnctōrēs, cum mūnera sua rīte cūrāvissent, corpus albā vestītum togā in lectō prope vēstibulum pedibus ad forēs versīs tanquam novissimē exitūrum composuērunt; mortuum sīc positum necessāriī lūgēbant; omnibusque rītū perāctīs et trientī ōrī impositō nē ad portitōrem illum sine viāticō abīret, discessērunt omnēs.","translation":"But the layers-out, when they had duly performed their duties, dressed the body in a white toga and laid it out on a couch near the entrance hall with its feet turned to the door, as though it were about to go out for the last time; the family mourned the dead man laid out in this way; and when all the rites had been performed and a coin had been placed in his mouth, so that he might not go off to that ferryman without his fare, they all went away.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"At","gloss":"but"},{"text":"pollīnctōrēs,","gloss":"pollinctor: undertaker"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"mūnera","gloss":"munus: service"},{"text":"sua","gloss":"suus: his, her, hers, its, their, theirs"},{"text":"rīte","gloss":"rite: duly, according to religious usage, with due observance"},{"text":"cūrāvissent,","gloss":"arrange/see/attend to"},{"text":"corpus","gloss":"body"},{"text":"albā","gloss":"Alba: |white precious stone"},{"text":"vestītum","gloss":"vestio: clothe"},{"text":"togā","gloss":"toga: toga"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"lectō","gloss":"lectum: chosen/picked/selected men (pl.)"},{"text":"prope","gloss":"nearly"},{"text":"vēstibulum","gloss":"vestibulum: entrance, court"},{"text":"pedibus","gloss":"pes: foot"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"forēs","gloss":"fores: gangway in a ship"},{"text":"versīs","gloss":"verro: sweep clean"},{"text":"tanquam","gloss":"tamquam: so, so much (as)"},{"text":"novissimē","gloss":"novissimus: last, rear"},{"text":"exitūrum","gloss":"exeo: come/go/sail/march/move out/forth/away, leave"},{"text":"composuērunt;","gloss":"compono: compare"},{"text":"mortuum","gloss":"mortuus: dead, deceased"},{"text":"sīc","gloss":"sic: so, thus"},{"text":"positum","gloss":"pono: put, place, set"},{"text":"necessāriī","gloss":"necessarius: necessary/needed/essential/indispensable"},{"text":"lūgēbant;","gloss":"lugeo: mourn, grieve (over)"},{"text":"omnibusque","gloss":"omnis: all, every"},{"text":"rītū","gloss":"ritus: rite"},{"text":"perāctīs","gloss":"perago: disturb"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"trientī","gloss":"trientius: sold-for-a-third"},{"text":"ōrī","gloss":"aurum: breeze, breath (of air), wind"},{"text":"impositō","gloss":"impono: impose, put upon"},{"text":"nē","gloss":"ne: in order that not, that"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"portitōrem","gloss":"portitor: ferry man"},{"text":"illum","gloss":"ille: that; he, she, it"},{"text":"sine","gloss":"without"},{"text":"viāticō","gloss":"viaticum: provision for a journey, traveling allowance"},{"text":"abīret,","gloss":"abeo: depart, go away"},{"text":"discessērunt","gloss":"discedo: depart, go away, leave"},{"text":"omnēs.","gloss":"omnis: every, all"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.s1.9.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"la.pr.C27.s1.10","source":"Tum dēmum cupressī rāmus foribus est affīxus.","translation":"Then at last a branch of cypress was fixed to the door.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tum","gloss":"then, at that time"},{"text":"dēmum","gloss":"demum: at last, not till then"},{"text":"cupressī","gloss":"cypress-tree"},{"text":"rāmus","gloss":"ramus: branch, bough"},{"text":"foribus","gloss":"foris: door, gate"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"affīxus.","gloss":"adfigo: fasten/fix/pin/attach to (w/DAT), annex"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.s1.10.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"la.pr.C27.s2.1","source":"Posterō diē exsequiae dūcēbantur, multīque necessāriī fūnerī intererant; quattuor vespillōnēs (hōc modō appellantur quia vespertīnō tempore mortuōs efferunt) mortuum feretrō impositum pedibus efferēbant; accēnsīs facibus pompa longa sequēbātur, quam dēsīgnātor, līctoribus adiuvantibus, ōrdinābat; tībīcinēs prīmī incēdēbant; deinde praeficae quae ut mortuī laudēs, immīxtīs lāmentīs, canerent condūctae erant, histriōnēs deinde scurraeque, quī māgnō cum cantantium sonō sequēbāntur, inter quōs et archimīmus erat, quī persōnam avī meī agēbat atque, ut est mōs, facta āc dicta ēius imitābātur.","translation":"The next day the funeral procession was led out, and many of the family were at the funeral; four bearers (they are so called because they carry out the dead in the evening) carried the dead man out feet first on a bier; with torches lit a long procession followed, which the master of ceremonies, helped by the attendants, put in order; the flute players went first; then the hired mourning women, who had been engaged to sing the praises of the dead man with laments mixed in, then the actors and the jesters, who followed with a great noise of singing, and among them was the chief mime, who played the part of my grandfather and, as the custom is, imitated his deeds and his words.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Posterō","gloss":"posterus: coming after, following, next"},{"text":"diē","gloss":"dies: day"},{"text":"exsequiae","gloss":"funeral procession/rites (pl.), obsequies"},{"text":"dūcēbantur,","gloss":"duco: lead, command"},{"text":"multīque","gloss":"multus: much, many"},{"text":"necessāriī","gloss":"necessarius: necessary/needed/essential/indispensable"},{"text":"fūnerī","gloss":"funus: burial, funeral"},{"text":"intererant;","gloss":"intersum: be present, take part in"},{"text":"quattuor","gloss":"four"},{"text":"vespillōnēs","gloss":"vespillo: undertaker who buries paupers"},{"text":"(hōc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"modō","gloss":"modus: measure; manner, way, mode"},{"text":"appellantur","gloss":"appello: call by name, name"},{"text":"quia","gloss":"because"},{"text":"vespertīnō","gloss":"vespertinus: evening"},{"text":"tempore","gloss":"tempus: time"},{"text":"mortuōs","gloss":"mortuus: dead, deceased"},{"text":"efferunt)","gloss":"boil up or over"},{"text":"mortuum","gloss":"mortuus: dead, deceased"},{"text":"feretrō","gloss":"feretrum: bier"},{"text":"impositum","gloss":"impono: impose, put upon"},{"text":"pedibus","gloss":"pes: foot"},{"text":"efferēbant;","gloss":"savage, cruel, barbarous"},{"text":"accēnsīs","gloss":"accensus: attendant/orderly"},{"text":"facibus","gloss":"fax: torch, firebrand, fire"},{"text":"pompa","gloss":"procession"},{"text":"longa","gloss":"longus: long"},{"text":"sequēbātur,","gloss":"sequor: follow"},{"text":"quam","gloss":"than"},{"text":"dēsīgnātor,","gloss":"designator: arranger"},{"text":"līctoribus","gloss":"lictor: lictor, an attendant upon a magistrate"},{"text":"adiuvantibus,","gloss":"adjuvo: help, aid, abet, encourage, favor"},{"text":"ōrdinābat;","gloss":"ordino: order/arrange, set in order"},{"text":"tībīcinēs","gloss":"tibicen: piper, flute player"},{"text":"prīmī","gloss":"primus: first"},{"text":"incēdēbant;","gloss":"incedo: advance, march"},{"text":"deinde","gloss":"then, in the next place"},{"text":"praeficae","gloss":"praefica: praetor (official elected by the Romans who served as a judge)"},{"text":"quae","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"mortuī","gloss":"mortuus: dead, deceased"},{"text":"laudēs,","gloss":"laus: praise, approval, merit"},{"text":"immīxtīs","gloss":"immisceo: mix in, mingle"},{"text":"lāmentīs,","gloss":"lamenta: wailing, weeping, groans, laments"},{"text":"canerent","gloss":"cano: sing, celebrate, chant"},{"text":"condūctae","gloss":"conductus: hired"},{"text":"erant,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"histriōnēs","gloss":"histrio: actor"},{"text":"deinde","gloss":"then, in the next place"},{"text":"scurraeque,","gloss":"fashionable idler, man about town, rake"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"māgnō","gloss":"magnus: great, large"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"cantantium","gloss":"canto: sing"},{"text":"sonō","gloss":"sono: make a noise/sound"},{"text":"sequēbāntur,","gloss":"sequor: follow"},{"text":"inter","gloss":"between, among"},{"text":"quōs","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"archimīmus","gloss":"archimimus: chief mimic actress"},{"text":"erat,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"persōnam","gloss":"persona: mask"},{"text":"avī","gloss":"avus: grandfather"},{"text":"meī","gloss":"meus: my"},{"text":"agēbat","gloss":"ago: drive, lead; do, perform"},{"text":"atque,","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"mōs,","gloss":"mos: custom, habit"},{"text":"facta","gloss":"factum: fact, deed, act"},{"text":"āc","gloss":"atque: and"},{"text":"dicta","gloss":"Dicte: words/utterance/remark"},{"text":"ēius","gloss":"is: he, she, it; that"},{"text":"imitābātur.","gloss":"imito: imitate/copy/mimic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.s2.1.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"la.pr.C27.s2.2","source":"Quod tam bene faciēbat ut frāterculus meus, quippe quī nōn dubitāre posset quīn mortuus iterum vīveret, summō terrōre afficerētur.","translation":"He did this so well that my little brother, who could not doubt that the dead man was alive again, was filled with the greatest terror.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quod","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"tam","gloss":"so"},{"text":"bene","gloss":"well"},{"text":"faciēbat","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"frāterculus","gloss":"fraterculus: little brother"},{"text":"meus,","gloss":"my, mine"},{"text":"quippe","gloss":"of course"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"dubitāre","gloss":"dubito: doubt"},{"text":"posset","gloss":"possum: be able, can"},{"text":"quīn","gloss":"quin: so that not, without"},{"text":"mortuus","gloss":"dead, deceased"},{"text":"iterum","gloss":"again"},{"text":"vīveret,","gloss":"vivo: be alive, live"},{"text":"summō","gloss":"summus: highest, greatest"},{"text":"terrōre","gloss":"terror: terror, fear"},{"text":"afficerētur.","gloss":"adfacio: speak to, address"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.s2.2.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"la.pr.C27.s2.3","source":"Proximī erant lībertīnī pilleātī; ante ipsum cadāver imāginēs māiōrum ferēbantur, deinde necessāriī vestibus pullātīs amictī.","translation":"Next came the freedmen with caps of liberty on their heads; before the body itself the masks of the ancestors were carried, and then the family wrapped in dark clothes.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Proximī","gloss":"proximus: nearer, closer"},{"text":"erant","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"lībertīnī","gloss":"libertinium: freedman"},{"text":"pilleātī;","gloss":"pilleatus: conscientious"},{"text":"ante","gloss":"before"},{"text":"ipsum","gloss":"ipse: self; even, very"},{"text":"cadāver","gloss":"cadaver: corpse, cadaver, dead body"},{"text":"imāginēs","gloss":"imago: likeness, image, appearance"},{"text":"māiōrum","gloss":"majores: ancestors (pl.)"},{"text":"ferēbantur,","gloss":"fero: carry, bear"},{"text":"deinde","gloss":"then, in the next place"},{"text":"necessāriī","gloss":"necessarius: necessary/needed/essential/indispensable"},{"text":"vestibus","gloss":"vestis: garment, clothing, blanket"},{"text":"pullātīs","gloss":"pullatus: clad in dirty or black garments"},{"text":"amictī.","gloss":"amicio: throw around, wrap"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.s2.3.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"la.pr.C27.s2.4","source":"Tandem ad būstum perventum est, ubi rogus ārae īnstar exstrūctus iam stabat.","translation":"At last we reached the burning place, where the pyre was already standing, built up like an altar.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tandem","gloss":"at length, finally"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"būstum","gloss":"bustum: tomb, grave-mound"},{"text":"perventum","gloss":"pervenio: come to"},{"text":"est,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"ubi","gloss":"where"},{"text":"rogus","gloss":"funeral pyre"},{"text":"ārae","gloss":"ara: altar"},{"text":"īnstar","gloss":"instar: image, likeness, resemblance"},{"text":"exstrūctus","gloss":"exstruo: pile/build up, raise, build, construct"},{"text":"iam","gloss":"jam: already, now"},{"text":"stabat.","gloss":"sto: stand, stand still, stand firm"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.s2.4.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"la.pr.C27.s2.5","source":"Cadāvere impositō necessāriī ardentī face, voltibus āversīs, pyram incendērunt; odōrēs, unguenta, alia mūnera, in īgnem iēcērunt; victimās quoque ut mānēs plācārent apud pyram mactāvērunt; combūstō rogō, exstīnctōque īgnī, vīnōque super cinerēs effūsō, ossa collēcta urnae sunt imposita, ipsaque urna sepulcrō.","translation":"When the body had been placed on it, the family, with their faces turned away, lit the pyre with a burning torch; they threw scents, perfumes and other offerings into the fire; they also killed victims at the pyre to appease the ghosts; and when the pyre had burnt down and the fire had been put out and wine poured over the ashes, the bones were gathered up and put in an urn, and the urn itself in the tomb.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cadāvere","gloss":"cadaver: corpse, cadaver, dead body"},{"text":"impositō","gloss":"impono: impose, put upon"},{"text":"necessāriī","gloss":"necessarius: necessary/needed/essential/indispensable"},{"text":"ardentī","gloss":"ardeo: be on fire"},{"text":"face,","gloss":"fax: torch, firebrand, fire"},{"text":"voltibus","gloss":"vultus: face, expression"},{"text":"āversīs,","gloss":"aversum: back, back/hinder part"},{"text":"pyram","gloss":"pyra: funeral pile, pyre"},{"text":"incendērunt;","gloss":"incendo: set on fire"},{"text":"odōrēs,","gloss":"odor: scent, odor, aroma, smell"},{"text":"unguenta,","gloss":"unguentum: oil, ointment"},{"text":"alia","gloss":"alius2: another, other"},{"text":"mūnera,","gloss":"munus: service"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"īgnem","gloss":"ignis: fire, brightness"},{"text":"iēcērunt;","gloss":"jacio: throw, hurl"},{"text":"victimās","gloss":"victima: victim"},{"text":"quoque","gloss":"also; after"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"mānēs","gloss":"mano: flow, pour"},{"text":"plācārent","gloss":"placo: appease"},{"text":"apud","gloss":"among"},{"text":"pyram","gloss":"pyra: funeral pile, pyre"},{"text":"mactāvērunt;","gloss":"macto: magnify, honor"},{"text":"combūstō","gloss":"combustum: burn, injury from burning/scalding"},{"text":"rogō,","gloss":"rogus: funeral pyre"},{"text":"exstīnctōque","gloss":"put out, extinguish, quench"},{"text":"īgnī,","gloss":"ignis: fire, brightness"},{"text":"vīnōque","gloss":"vinum: wine"},{"text":"super","gloss":"over, above"},{"text":"cinerēs","gloss":"cinis: ashes"},{"text":"effūsō,","gloss":"effundo: pour out/away/off"},{"text":"ossa","gloss":"ossum: bones (pl.)"},{"text":"collēcta","gloss":"colligo: collect, assemble, bring/gather/hold/keep together"},{"text":"urnae","gloss":"urna: pot"},{"text":"sunt","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"imposita,","gloss":"impono: place upon; impose, assign"},{"text":"ipsaque","gloss":"ipse: himself, herself, itself"},{"text":"urna","gloss":"pot"},{"text":"sepulcrō.","gloss":"sepulcrum: grave, tomb"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.s2.5.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"la.pr.C27.s2.6","source":"Quibus perāctīs vātes quīdam omnēs, quī aderant, aquā lūstrālī ē laurī rāmō iniectā lūstrāvit et ‘Īlicet’ clāmāvit; omnēs deinde priusquam abiērunt novissima verba dīxērunt mortuumque iūssērunt valēre.","translation":"When this had been done, a priest purified all who were present, sprinkling them with holy water from a branch of bay, and cried, 'It is over'; then, before they went away, they all said their last words and bade the dead man farewell.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quibus","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"perāctīs","gloss":"perago: disturb"},{"text":"vātes","gloss":"vates: prophet/seer, mouthpiece of deity"},{"text":"quīdam","gloss":"quidam: a certain one, a certain, a"},{"text":"omnēs,","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"aderant,","gloss":"adsum: take (to/up/on/from), adopt/raise, use"},{"text":"aquā","gloss":"aqua: water"},{"text":"lūstrālī","gloss":"lustralis: relating to purification"},{"text":"ē","gloss":"ex: out of, from"},{"text":"laurī","gloss":"laurus: monastery"},{"text":"rāmō","gloss":"ramus: branch, bough"},{"text":"iniectā","gloss":"inicio: hurl/throw/strike in/into"},{"text":"lūstrāvit","gloss":"lustro: purify cermonially (w/procession), cleanse by sacrifice, expiate"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"‘Īlicet’","gloss":"you may go/off with you"},{"text":"clāmāvit;","gloss":"clamo: proclaim, declare"},{"text":"omnēs","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"deinde","gloss":"then, in the next place"},{"text":"priusquam","gloss":"prior: day before (pridie), abb. pr"},{"text":"abiērunt","gloss":"abeo: depart, go away"},{"text":"novissima","gloss":"rear (pl.), those at the rear (the freshest troops)"},{"text":"verba","gloss":"verbum: word"},{"text":"dīxērunt","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"mortuumque","gloss":"mortuus: dead, deceased"},{"text":"iūssērunt","gloss":"jubeo: order/tell/command/direct"},{"text":"valēre.","gloss":"valeo: be strong; to be most powerful, have great influence"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.s2.6.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"la.pr.C27.s2.7","source":"Nōn ita multō post hoc ēlogium in sepulcrō est sculptum:—","translation":"Not very long afterwards this epitaph was carved on the tomb:","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"ita","gloss":"thus, in this way, as follows"},{"text":"multō","gloss":"multus: much; many"},{"text":"post","gloss":"behind, after"},{"text":"hoc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"ēlogium","gloss":"elogium: clause added to will/codicil"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"sepulcrō","gloss":"sepulcrum: grave, tomb"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"sculptum:—","gloss":"sculpo: carve, engrave (inscription/face)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.s2.7.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"la.pr.C27.i3.1","source":"DĪS MĀNIBUS SACRUM","translation":"SACRED TO THE SPIRITS OF THE DEAD","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"DĪS","gloss":"deus: god"},{"text":"MĀNIBUS","gloss":"Manes: morning, morn"},{"text":"SACRUM","gloss":"something consecrated, sacrifice"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.i3.1.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"la.pr.C27.i3.2","source":"HĪC IACET","translation":"HERE LIES","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"HĪC","gloss":"hic: here"},{"text":"IACET","gloss":"jaceo: lie"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.i3.2.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"la.pr.C27.i3.3","source":"M. Cornēlius Polliō","translation":"Marcus Cornelius Pollio","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"M.","gloss":"M (a name)"},{"text":"Cornēlius","gloss":"Cornelius: Cornelius"},{"text":"Polliō","gloss":"Pollio: little bit, trifle"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.i3.3.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"la.pr.C27.i3.4","source":"S.T.T.L. [sit tibi terra levis.]","translation":"S.T.T.L. [may the earth lie light upon you.]","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"S.T.T.L.","gloss":""},{"text":"[sit","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"tibi","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"terra","gloss":"land"},{"text":"levis.]","gloss":"light, thin, trivial, trifling, slight"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.i3.4.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"la.pr.C27.v4.1","source":"Ā sōle exoriente suprā Maeōtis palūdēs","translation":"From the rising sun to the marshes of Maeotis","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ā","gloss":"a: from, by, off"},{"text":"sōle","gloss":"sol: sun"},{"text":"exoriente","gloss":"exorior: come out, come forth"},{"text":"suprā","gloss":"supra: on top"},{"text":"Maeōtis","gloss":"Maeotis: Maeotis (a name)"},{"text":"palūdēs","gloss":"palus2: swamp, marsh"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.v4.1.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"la.pr.C27.v4.2","source":"nēmo est quī factīs aequiperāre queat.","translation":"there is no one who can match my deeds.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"nēmo","gloss":"nemo: no one"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"factīs","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"aequiperāre","gloss":"aequiparo: become/put on a equal/level with/to, rival, equal"},{"text":"queat.","gloss":"queo: be able"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.v4.2.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"la.pr.C27.v4.3","source":"sī fās endo plagās caelestum ascendere cuīquam est,","translation":"If it is right for anyone to climb into the regions of the gods,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"sī","gloss":"si: if"},{"text":"fās","gloss":"fas: divine/heaven's law/will/command"},{"text":"endo","gloss":"in (archaic for in)"},{"text":"plagās","gloss":"plaga2: stroke/blow/stripe/cut/thrust"},{"text":"caelestum","gloss":"heavenly, of heavens/sky, from heaven/sky"},{"text":"ascendere","gloss":"ascendo: climb"},{"text":"cuīquam","gloss":"quisquam: anyone"},{"text":"est,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.v4.3.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"la.pr.C27.v4.4","source":"mī sōlī caelī māxima porta patet.","translation":"for me alone the great gate of heaven stands open.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"mī","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"sōlī","gloss":"sol: sun"},{"text":"caelī","gloss":"caelum: heaven, sky"},{"text":"māxima","gloss":"magnus: great, large"},{"text":"porta","gloss":"gate"},{"text":"patet.","gloss":"pateo: stand open, be open"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.v4.4.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"la.pr.C27.pB1.1","source":"Cūr pater nōs iūssit vestēs mūtāre?","translation":"Why did my father order us to change our clothes?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"nōs","gloss":"nos: we"},{"text":"iūssit","gloss":"jubeo: order/tell/command/direct"},{"text":"vestēs","gloss":"vestis: garment, clothing, blanket"},{"text":"mūtāre?","gloss":"muto: move, change, shift, alter, exchange, substitute (for)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.pB1.1.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"la.pr.C27.pB1.2","source":"Quālis erat avus meus?","translation":"What was my grandfather like?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quālis","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"avus","gloss":"grandfather"},{"text":"meus?","gloss":"my, mine"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.pB1.2.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"la.pr.C27.pB1.3","source":"Quid faciēbat quotiēns eum vīsēbam?","translation":"What did he do whenever I visited him?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"faciēbat","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"quotiēns","gloss":"quotiens: how often? as often as"},{"text":"eum","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"vīsēbam?","gloss":"viso: visit, go to see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.pB1.3.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"la.pr.C27.pB1.4","source":"Quando mortem obiit?","translation":"When did he die?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quando","gloss":"when (interog), at what time"},{"text":"mortem","gloss":"mors: death"},{"text":"obiit?","gloss":"obeo: go to meet"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.pB1.4.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"la.pr.C27.pB1.5","source":"Marītō mortuō quid prīmum fēcit avia mea?","translation":"When her husband was dead, what did my grandmother do first?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Marītō","gloss":"maritus: nuptial"},{"text":"mortuō","gloss":"mortuus: dead, deceased"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"prīmum","gloss":"primus: first"},{"text":"fēcit","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"avia","gloss":"grandmother"},{"text":"mea?","gloss":"meus: my, mine"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.pB1.5.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"la.pr.C27.pB1.6","source":"Quī sunt pollīnctōrēs?","translation":"Who are the layers-out?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"sunt","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"pollīnctōrēs?","gloss":"pollinctor: undertaker"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.pB1.6.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"la.pr.C27.pB1.7","source":"Quid fēcērunt hī postquam cadāver humī dēposuērunt?","translation":"What did they do after they had laid the body on the ground?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"fēcērunt","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"hī","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"postquam","gloss":"after, as soon as"},{"text":"cadāver","gloss":"cadaver: corpse, cadaver, dead body"},{"text":"humī","gloss":"humus: ground, soil, earth, land, country"},{"text":"dēposuērunt?","gloss":"depono: put/lay down/aside/away"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.pB1.7.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"la.pr.C27.pB1.8","source":"Quae cum gererentur quid faciēbat uxor?","translation":"While this was going on, what was the wife doing?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quae","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"gererentur","gloss":"gero: bear, carry, wear"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"faciēbat","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"uxor?","gloss":"wife"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.pB1.8.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"la.pr.C27.pB1.9","source":"Deinde cum mūnera sua cūrāvissent quid fēcērunt pollīnctōrēs?","translation":"Then, when they had performed their duties, what did the layers-out do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Deinde","gloss":"then, in the next place"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"mūnera","gloss":"munus: service"},{"text":"sua","gloss":"suus: his, her, hers, its, their, theirs"},{"text":"cūrāvissent","gloss":"arrange/see/attend to"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"fēcērunt","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"pollīnctōrēs?","gloss":"pollinctor: undertaker"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.pB1.9.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"la.pr.C27.pB1.10","source":"Quibus factīs quid fēcērunt necessāriī?","translation":"When this had been done, what did the family do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quibus","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"factīs","gloss":"factum: fact, deed, act"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"fēcērunt","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"necessāriī?","gloss":"necessarius: necessary/needed/essential/indispensable"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.pB1.10.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"la.pr.C27.pB2.1","source":"Cūr trientem ōrī cadāveris imposuērunt?","translation":"Why did they put a coin in the mouth of the body?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"trientem","gloss":"triens: third part, third"},{"text":"ōrī","gloss":"aurum: breeze, breath (of air), wind"},{"text":"cadāveris","gloss":"cadaver: corpse, cadaver, dead body"},{"text":"imposuērunt?","gloss":"impono: impose, put upon"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.pB2.1.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"la.pr.C27.pB2.2","source":"Quid postrēmō est factum?","translation":"What was done last of all?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"postrēmō","gloss":"postremo: at last, finally"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"factum?","gloss":"fact, deed, act"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.pB2.2.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"la.pr.C27.pB2.3","source":"Cūr ita nōminantur vespillōnēs?","translation":"Why are the bearers so named?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"ita","gloss":"thus, in this way, as follows"},{"text":"nōminantur","gloss":"nomino: name, call"},{"text":"vespillōnēs?","gloss":"vespillo: undertaker who buries paupers"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.pB2.3.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"la.pr.C27.pB2.4","source":"Quis pompam ōrdinābat?","translation":"Who put the procession in order?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quis","gloss":"who?"},{"text":"pompam","gloss":"pompa: procession"},{"text":"ōrdinābat?","gloss":"ordino: order/arrange, set in order"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.pB2.4.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"la.pr.C27.pB2.5","source":"Cūr aderant praeficae?","translation":"Why were the mourning women there?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"aderant","gloss":"adsum: take (to/up/on/from), adopt/raise, use"},{"text":"praeficae?","gloss":"praefica: praetor (official elected by the Romans who served as a judge)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.pB2.5.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"la.pr.C27.pB2.6","source":"Quid faciēbat archimīmus?","translation":"What did the chief mime do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"faciēbat","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"archimīmus?","gloss":"archimimus: chief mimic actress"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.pB2.6.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"la.pr.C27.pB2.7","source":"Ut quid putāret frāterculus effēcit archimīmus?","translation":"What did the chief mime make my little brother think?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"putāret","gloss":"puto: think, believe, suppose, hold"},{"text":"frāterculus","gloss":"fraterculus: little brother"},{"text":"effēcit","gloss":"efficio: work out; make, cause"},{"text":"archimīmus?","gloss":"archimimus: chief mimic actress"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.pB2.7.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"la.pr.C27.pB2.8","source":"Quālis erat rogus exstrūctus?","translation":"What was the pyre that had been built up like?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quālis","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"rogus","gloss":"funeral pyre"},{"text":"exstrūctus?","gloss":"exstruo: pile/build up, raise, build, construct"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.pB2.8.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"la.pr.C27.pB2.9","source":"Cadāvere rogō impositō quid fēcērunt necessāriī?","translation":"When the body had been placed on the pyre, what did the family do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cadāvere","gloss":"cadaver: corpse, cadaver, dead body"},{"text":"rogō","gloss":"rogus: funeral pyre"},{"text":"impositō","gloss":"impono: impose, put upon"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"fēcērunt","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"necessāriī?","gloss":"necessarius: necessary/needed/essential/indispensable"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.pB2.9.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"la.pr.C27.pB2.10","source":"Et quid fēcit vātēs?","translation":"And what did the priest do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"fēcit","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"vātēs?","gloss":"vates: prophet/seer, mouthpiece of deity"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C27.pB2.10.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"prōvectae","gloss":"carry, from proveho"},{"word":"ergā","gloss":"towards, opposite"},{"word":"crustula","gloss":"pastry, cake, from crustulum"},{"word":"grāta","gloss":"acceptable, pleasing, from gratus"},{"word":"aviaque","gloss":"grandmother, from avia"},{"word":"exstantēs","gloss":"stand forth, from exsto"},{"word":"rigentēsque","gloss":"stiff"},{"word":"clausīs","gloss":"cell, from clausum"},{"word":"inclāmābat","gloss":"cry out, call upon, from inclamo"},{"word":"Avē","gloss":"hail, from aveo"},{"word":"identidem","gloss":"repeatedly"},{"word":"dēpositum","gloss":"deposit, trust"},{"word":"pollīnctōrēs","gloss":"undertaker, from pollinctor"},{"word":"ūnctōrēs","gloss":"anointer, from unctor"},{"word":"libitīnāriī","gloss":"undertaker, from libitinarius"},{"word":"calidā","gloss":"hot water"},{"word":"unguentīsque","gloss":"oil, ointment"},{"word":"unguunt","gloss":"anoint, from ungo"},{"word":"mortālēs","gloss":"mortal, transient, from mortalis"},{"word":"sacrāvit","gloss":"consecrate, make sacred, from sacro"},{"word":"mīrēminī","gloss":"be amazed, from miro"},{"word":"mūnera","gloss":"service, from munus"},{"word":"cūrāvissent","gloss":"arrange"},{"word":"vestītum","gloss":"clothe, from vestio"},{"word":"versīs","gloss":"sweep clean, from verro"},{"word":"novissimē","gloss":"last, rear, from novissimus"},{"word":"necessāriī","gloss":"necessary, from necessarius"},{"word":"trientī","gloss":"sold-for-a-third, from trientius"},{"word":"portitōrem","gloss":"ferry man, from portitor"},{"word":"cupressī","gloss":"cypress-tree"},{"word":"rāmus","gloss":"branch, bough"},{"word":"foribus","gloss":"door, gate, from foris"},{"word":"vespillōnēs","gloss":"undertaker who buries paupers, from vespillo"},{"word":"vespertīnō","gloss":"evening, from vespertinus"},{"word":"efferunt","gloss":"boil up or over"},{"word":"feretrō","gloss":"bier, from feretrum"},{"word":"efferēbant","gloss":"savage, cruel"},{"word":"accēnsīs","gloss":"attendant, from accensus"},{"word":"facibus","gloss":"torch, firebrand, from fax"},{"word":"pompa","gloss":"procession"},{"word":"dēsīgnātor","gloss":"arranger"},{"word":"līctoribus","gloss":"lictor, an attendant upon a, from lictor"},{"word":"ōrdinābat","gloss":"order, set in order, from ordino"},{"word":"tībīcinēs","gloss":"piper, flute player, from tibicen"},{"word":"incēdēbant","gloss":"advance, march, from incedo"},{"word":"praeficae","gloss":"praetor, from praefica"},{"word":"lāmentīs","gloss":"wailing, weeping, from lamenta"},{"word":"condūctae","gloss":"hired, from conductus"},{"word":"histriōnēs","gloss":"actor, from histrio"},{"word":"scurraeque","gloss":"fashionable idler, man about town"},{"word":"sonō","gloss":"make a noise"},{"word":"archimīmus","gloss":"chief mimic actress"},{"word":"mōs","gloss":"custom, habit"},{"word":"dicta","gloss":"words, from Dicte"},{"word":"imitābātur","gloss":"imitate, from imito"},{"word":"frāterculus","gloss":"little brother"},{"word":"lībertīnī","gloss":"freedman, from libertinium"},{"word":"pilleātī","gloss":"conscientious, from pilleatus"},{"word":"pullātīs","gloss":"clad in dirty or black, from pullatus"},{"word":"būstum","gloss":"tomb, grave-mound"},{"word":"āversīs","gloss":"back, back, from aversum"},{"word":"pyram","gloss":"funeral pile, pyre, from pyra"},{"word":"mactāvērunt","gloss":"magnify, honor, from macto"},{"word":"combūstō","gloss":"burn, injury from burning, from combustum"},{"word":"exstīnctōque","gloss":"put out, extinguish"},{"word":"cinerēs","gloss":"ashes, from cinis"},{"word":"urnae","gloss":"pot, from urna"},{"word":"lūstrālī","gloss":"relating to purification, from lustralis"},{"word":"Īlicet","gloss":"you may go"},{"word":"ēlogium","gloss":"clause added to will"},{"word":"sculptum","gloss":"carve, engrave, from sculpo"},{"word":"exoriente","gloss":"come out, come forth, from exorior"},{"word":"aequiperāre","gloss":"become, rival, from aequiparo"},{"word":"queat","gloss":"be able, from queo"},{"word":"fās","gloss":"divine"},{"word":"endo","gloss":"in"},{"word":"caelestum","gloss":"heavenly, of heavens"},{"word":"trientem","gloss":"third part, third, from triens"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Tēstāmentum et līs inde orta (Puer Rōmānus 28)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":76,"id":"la.pr.C28.s1.1","source":"Tēstāmentō apertō atque recitātō haec invēnimus: hērēdēs īnstituerat prīmōs, Līviam (uxōrem suam) ex parte dīmidiā, Sīlium (avunculum meum et patre nātū māiōrem) ex parte tertiā; secundum, Sextum Cornēlium (patrem meum) ex sextante.","translation":"When the will had been opened and read out we found this: he had made as heirs in the first degree Livia (his wife) for a half share, and Silius (my mother's brother, and older than my father) for a third; in the second degree, Sextus Cornelius (my father) for a sixth.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tēstāmentō","gloss":"testamentum: will, testament"},{"text":"apertō","gloss":"apertus: open/public/free"},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"recitātō","gloss":"recito: read aloud, recite"},{"text":"haec","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"invēnimus:","gloss":"invenio: come upon"},{"text":"hērēdēs","gloss":"heres: heir/heiress"},{"text":"īnstituerat","gloss":"instituo: set up, establish, found, make, institute"},{"text":"prīmōs,","gloss":"primus: first, foremost/best, chief, principal"},{"text":"Līviam","gloss":"Livia: Livia (a name)"},{"text":"(uxōrem","gloss":"uxor: wife"},{"text":"suam)","gloss":"suus: his, her, hers, its, their, theirs"},{"text":"ex","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"parte","gloss":"pars: part, region, direction"},{"text":"dīmidiā,","gloss":"dimidia: half"},{"text":"Sīlium","gloss":"Silius: Silius (a name)"},{"text":"(avunculum","gloss":"avunculus: maternal uncle, mother's brother, mother's sister's husband"},{"text":"meum","gloss":"meus: my, mine"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"patre","gloss":"pater: father"},{"text":"nātū","gloss":"natus2: daughter"},{"text":"māiōrem)","gloss":"magnus: great, large"},{"text":"ex","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"parte","gloss":"pars: part, region, direction"},{"text":"tertiā;","gloss":"tertius: third"},{"text":"secundum,","gloss":"Secundus: second; favorable"},{"text":"Sextum","gloss":"Sextus: Sextus"},{"text":"Cornēlium","gloss":"Cornelius: made of/belonging to cornel-tree/wood"},{"text":"(patrem","gloss":"pater: father"},{"text":"meum)","gloss":"meus: my, mine"},{"text":"ex","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"sextante.","gloss":"sextans: one-sixth of any unit"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s1.1.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"la.pr.C28.s1.2","source":"Haec patris hērēditās fundus erat Sabīnus, quī māximae molestiae nōbīs erat initium.","translation":"This inheritance of my father's was the Sabine farm, which was the beginning of the greatest trouble for us.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Haec","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"patris","gloss":"pater: father"},{"text":"hērēditās","gloss":"hereditas: inheritance, possession"},{"text":"fundus","gloss":"sling"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Sabīnus,","gloss":"Sabinus: Sabine, of the Sabines/their country/that area"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"māximae","gloss":"magnus: great, large"},{"text":"molestiae","gloss":"molestia: trouble, annoyance"},{"text":"nōbīs","gloss":"nos: we"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"initium.","gloss":"entrance, beginning"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s1.2.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"la.pr.C28.s1.3","source":"Namque in tēstāmentō ‘Sextus Cornēlius’ modo erat scrīptum cōgnōmine omīssō; alter tunc Rōmae erat Sextus Cornēlius, quī simul atque dē tēstāmentō audīvit fundum nostrum, ut hērēs, sibi vindicāvit.","translation":"For in the will only 'Sextus Cornelius' had been written, with the family name left out; and there was at that time another Sextus Cornelius at Rome, who, as soon as he heard about the will, claimed our farm for himself as heir.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Namque","gloss":"for, and in fact; seeing that"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"tēstāmentō","gloss":"testamentum: will, testament"},{"text":"‘Sextus","gloss":"Sextus"},{"text":"Cornēlius’","gloss":"Cornelius: Cornelius"},{"text":"modo","gloss":"only, merely, just now"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"scrīptum","gloss":"scriptum: something written"},{"text":"cōgnōmine","gloss":"cognomen: surname, family/3rd name"},{"text":"omīssō;","gloss":"omitto: lay aside"},{"text":"alter","gloss":"the one, the other"},{"text":"tunc","gloss":"then, thereupon, at that time"},{"text":"Rōmae","gloss":"Roma: Rome"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Sextus","gloss":"Sextus"},{"text":"Cornēlius,","gloss":"Cornelius: Cornelius"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"simul","gloss":"at the same time"},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"dē","gloss":"de: down from; concerning"},{"text":"tēstāmentō","gloss":"testamentum: will, testament"},{"text":"audīvit","gloss":"audio: hear, listen to"},{"text":"fundum","gloss":"fundus: sling"},{"text":"nostrum,","gloss":"noster: our"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"hērēs,","gloss":"heres: heir/heiress"},{"text":"sibi","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"vindicāvit.","gloss":"vindico: claim, vindicate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s1.3.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"la.pr.C28.s1.4","source":"Amīcōrum operā pater diū cōnābātur lītem compōnere; tandem autem nōn facere potuit quīn adversārium suum (Libanus erat eī cōgnōmen) in iūs vocāret.","translation":"With his friends' help my father tried for a long time to settle the dispute; but at last he could not help summoning his opponent (Libanus was his family name) to law.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Amīcōrum","gloss":"amicus: friend"},{"text":"operā","gloss":"opera: work, care"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"diū","gloss":"diu: for a long time, long"},{"text":"cōnābātur","gloss":"conor: attempt/try/endeavor, make an effort"},{"text":"lītem","gloss":"lis: lawsuit"},{"text":"compōnere;","gloss":"compono: compare"},{"text":"tandem","gloss":"at length, finally"},{"text":"autem","gloss":"but, moreover, now"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"facere","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"potuit","gloss":"possum: be able, can"},{"text":"quīn","gloss":"quin: so that not, without"},{"text":"adversārium","gloss":"adversaria: female enemy, adversary, opponent, antagonist"},{"text":"suum","gloss":"suus: his, her, hers, its, their, theirs"},{"text":"(Libanus","gloss":"cake/pancake"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"eī","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"cōgnōmen)","gloss":"cognomen: surname, family/3rd name"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"iūs","gloss":"jus: gravy"},{"text":"vocāret.","gloss":"voco: call, summon"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s1.4.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"la.pr.C28.s1.5","source":"Domum igitur profectus ‘In iūs’ inquit, ‘tē vocō; sequere ad tribūnal’.","translation":"So he went to his house and said, 'I summon you to law; follow me to the court.'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Domum","gloss":"domus: house, home"},{"text":"igitur","gloss":"therefore, then"},{"text":"profectus","gloss":"proficiscor: set out"},{"text":"‘In","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"iūs’","gloss":"jus: gravy"},{"text":"inquit,","gloss":"inquam: say (defective)"},{"text":"‘tē","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"vocō;","gloss":"voco: call, summon, invite"},{"text":"sequere","gloss":"sequor: follow"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"tribūnal’.","gloss":"tribunal: raised platform"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s1.5.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"la.pr.C28.s1.6","source":"Cum negāret ille, pater ad praetereuntem quemdam versus ‘Licetne antestārī?’ rogāvit; hīc auriculam oppōnit et Libanus in iūs rapitur.","translation":"When the man refused, my father turned to a passer-by and asked, 'May I call you to witness?' The man offers his ear, and Libanus is hauled off to law.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"negāret","gloss":"nego: deny, refuse"},{"text":"ille,","gloss":"that; he, she, it"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"praetereuntem","gloss":"praetereo: pass/go by"},{"text":"quemdam","gloss":"quidam: a certain"},{"text":"versus","gloss":"verto: turn"},{"text":"‘Licetne","gloss":"liceo: it is permitted, one may"},{"text":"antestārī?’","gloss":"antesto: surpass, excel, be superior to"},{"text":"rogāvit;","gloss":"rogo: ask"},{"text":"hīc","gloss":"hic: here"},{"text":"auriculam","gloss":"auricula: ear (part of body/organ of hearing)"},{"text":"oppōnit","gloss":"oppono: oppose"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Libanus","gloss":"cake/pancake"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"iūs","gloss":"jus: gravy"},{"text":"rapitur.","gloss":"rapio: drag off"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s1.6.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"la.pr.C28.s1.7","source":"Prīmō tamen simulāvit sē aegrōtāre nē in iūs īret; negāvit dēnique sē posse ambulāre.","translation":"At first, though, he pretended to be ill so as not to go to law; at last he said that he could not walk.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Prīmō","gloss":"primus: first"},{"text":"tamen","gloss":"yet, nevertheless"},{"text":"simulāvit","gloss":"simulo: imitate, copy"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"aegrōtāre","gloss":"aegroto: be sick"},{"text":"nē","gloss":"ne: in order that not, that"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"iūs","gloss":"jus: gravy"},{"text":"īret;","gloss":"eo: go"},{"text":"negāvit","gloss":"nego: deny, refuse"},{"text":"dēnique","gloss":"denique: finally"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"posse","gloss":"possum: be able, can"},{"text":"ambulāre.","gloss":"ambulo: walk, take a walk, go on foot"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s1.7.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"la.pr.C28.s1.8","source":"Sed pater plaustrum mīsit quō ad praetōrem veherētur.","translation":"But my father sent a cart in which he might be carried to the praetor.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"plaustrum","gloss":"wagon, cart, wain"},{"text":"mīsit","gloss":"mitto: send"},{"text":"quō","gloss":"quo: whither, where; in order to, that"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"praetōrem","gloss":"praetor: praetor (official elected by the Romans who served as a judge)"},{"text":"veherētur.","gloss":"veho: bear, carry, convey"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s1.8.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"la.pr.C28.s1.9","source":"Sed etiam tunc Libanus domō suā, tūtissimō refugiō, ēgredī recūsābat.","translation":"But even then Libanus refused to come out of his house, his safest refuge.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"etiam","gloss":"yet, still; also, besides"},{"text":"tunc","gloss":"then, thereupon, at that time"},{"text":"Libanus","gloss":"cake/pancake"},{"text":"domō","gloss":"domus: house, home"},{"text":"suā,","gloss":"suus: his, her, hers, its, their, theirs"},{"text":"tūtissimō","gloss":"tueor: your (sing.)"},{"text":"refugiō,","gloss":"refugio: flee back"},{"text":"ēgredī","gloss":"egredior: go/march/come out"},{"text":"recūsābat.","gloss":"recuso: reject, refuse, refuse to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s1.9.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"la.pr.C28.s1.10","source":"Itaque pater, quippe quī scīret eum fraudis modo causā latēre, epistulā mīssā, iterum eum in iūs ēvocāvit.","translation":"So my father, knowing that he was staying indoors only for the sake of a trick, sent a letter and summoned him to law again.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Itaque","gloss":"and so, therefore, accordingly"},{"text":"pater,","gloss":"father"},{"text":"quippe","gloss":"of course"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"scīret","gloss":"scio: know"},{"text":"eum","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"fraudis","gloss":"fraus: fraud"},{"text":"modo","gloss":"only, merely, just now"},{"text":"causā","gloss":"causa: cause, reason"},{"text":"latēre,","gloss":"lateo: lie hidden, lurk"},{"text":"epistulā","gloss":"epistula: letter/dispatch/written communication"},{"text":"mīssā,","gloss":"mitto: send, throw, hurl, cast"},{"text":"iterum","gloss":"again"},{"text":"eum","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"iūs","gloss":"jus: gravy"},{"text":"ēvocāvit.","gloss":"evoco: call forth"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s1.10.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"la.pr.C28.s1.11","source":"Libanus igitur quī timēbat nē pater in bona sua mītterētur, sī diūtius latuisset, domō tandem ēgrēssus est, et pater sine morā eum in iūs rapuit.","translation":"So Libanus, who was afraid that my father would be put in possession of his goods if he stayed hidden any longer, at last came out of his house, and my father hauled him off to law without delay.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Libanus","gloss":"cake/pancake"},{"text":"igitur","gloss":"therefore, then"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"timēbat","gloss":"timeo: fear, dread, be afraid (ne + SUB = lest"},{"text":"nē","gloss":"ne: in order that not, that"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"bona","gloss":"bonus: good, kind"},{"text":"sua","gloss":"suus: his, her, hers, its, their, theirs"},{"text":"mītterētur,","gloss":"mitto: send, throw, hurl, cast"},{"text":"sī","gloss":"si: if"},{"text":"diūtius","gloss":"diu: by day"},{"text":"latuisset,","gloss":"lateo: lie hidden, lurk"},{"text":"domō","gloss":"domus: house, home"},{"text":"tandem","gloss":"at length, finally"},{"text":"ēgrēssus","gloss":"egredior: go/march/come out"},{"text":"est,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"sine","gloss":"without"},{"text":"morā","gloss":"mora: delay"},{"text":"eum","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"iūs","gloss":"jus: gravy"},{"text":"rapuit.","gloss":"rapio: seize, snatch"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s1.11.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"la.pr.C28.s1.12","source":"Fāstus, ut accidit, diēs erat—diēs fāstī ā ‘fandō’ appellantur, quod hīs diēbus praetōrī licet haec tria verba fārī","translation":"It was, as it happened, a lawful day (lawful days are named from 'speaking', because on these days the praetor may speak these three words","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Fāstus,","gloss":"fastus: not forbidden"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"accidit,","gloss":"accido2: cut, cut into/down/up, hack, hew, fell"},{"text":"diēs","gloss":"dies: day"},{"text":"erat—diēs","gloss":"sum: be; exist; dies: day"},{"text":"fāstī","gloss":"fasti: calendar (pl.), almanac, annals"},{"text":"ā","gloss":"a: from, by, off"},{"text":"‘fandō’","gloss":"that may be spoken"},{"text":"appellantur,","gloss":"appello: call by name, name"},{"text":"quod","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"hīs","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"diēbus","gloss":"dies: day"},{"text":"praetōrī","gloss":"praetorium: ex-praetor"},{"text":"licet","gloss":"liceo: it is permitted, one may"},{"text":"haec","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"tria","gloss":"tres: three"},{"text":"verba","gloss":"verbum: word"},{"text":"fārī","gloss":"for: speak"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s1.12.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"la.pr.C28.s2.1","source":"DŌ, DĪCŌ, ADDĪCŌ","translation":"I GRANT, I DECLARE, I AWARD","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"DŌ,","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"DĪCŌ,","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"ADDĪCŌ","gloss":"addico: be propitious"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s2.1.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"la.pr.C28.s3.1","source":"nam praetor āctiōnem dat, iūs dīcit, bona vel damna alterutrī adversāriōrum addīcit.","translation":"for the praetor grants an action, declares the law, and awards the goods or the damages to one or the other of the opponents.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"nam","gloss":"for"},{"text":"praetor","gloss":"praetor (official elected by the Romans who served as a judge)"},{"text":"āctiōnem","gloss":"actio: act, action, activity, deed"},{"text":"dat,","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"iūs","gloss":"jus: gravy"},{"text":"dīcit,","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"bona","gloss":"bonus: good, kind"},{"text":"vel","gloss":"even, actually"},{"text":"damna","gloss":"damnum: financial/property/physical loss/damage/injury"},{"text":"alterutrī","gloss":"alteruter: one (of two), one or the other"},{"text":"adversāriōrum","gloss":"adversaria: female enemy, adversary, opponent, antagonist"},{"text":"addīcit.","gloss":"addico: be propitious"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s3.1.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"la.pr.C28.s3.2","source":"Hoc et Ovidius Nāso poēta expōnit:—","translation":"Ovid Naso the poet sets this out too:","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Ovidius","gloss":"egg"},{"text":"Nāso","gloss":"Naso: nose"},{"text":"poēta","gloss":"poeta: poet"},{"text":"expōnit:—","gloss":"expono: set/put forth/out"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s3.2.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"la.pr.C28.v4.1","source":"Ille nefāstus erit, per quem tria verba silentur:","translation":"That day will be unlawful on which the three words are unspoken;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ille","gloss":"that; he, she, it"},{"text":"nefāstus","gloss":"nefastus: contrary to divine law"},{"text":"erit,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"per","gloss":"through"},{"text":"quem","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"tria","gloss":"tres: three"},{"text":"verba","gloss":"verbum: word"},{"text":"silentur:","gloss":"sileo: be silent, not to speak (about)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.v4.1.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"la.pr.C28.v4.2","source":"fāstus erit, per quem lēge licēbit agī.","translation":"that will be lawful on which one may go to law.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"fāstus","gloss":"fastus: not forbidden"},{"text":"erit,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"per","gloss":"through"},{"text":"quem","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"lēge","gloss":"lex: law"},{"text":"licēbit","gloss":"liceo: it is permitted, one may"},{"text":"agī.","gloss":"ago: drive; do, act"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.v4.2.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"la.pr.C28.s5.1","source":"Pater igitur, cum ad forum perventum est, cōram praetōre lītem quam in reum intendēbat, exposuit, āctiōnemque postulāvit.","translation":"So my father, when they had reached the forum, set out before the praetor the suit he was bringing against the defendant, and asked for an action.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"igitur,","gloss":"therefore, then"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"forum","gloss":"market place"},{"text":"perventum","gloss":"pervenio: come to"},{"text":"est,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"cōram","gloss":"coram: in the presence of"},{"text":"praetōre","gloss":"praetor: praetor (official elected by the Romans who served as a judge)"},{"text":"lītem","gloss":"lis: lawsuit"},{"text":"quam","gloss":"qui: who, which"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"reum","gloss":"reus: party in law suit"},{"text":"intendēbat,","gloss":"intendo: hold out"},{"text":"exposuit,","gloss":"expono: set/put forth/out"},{"text":"āctiōnemque","gloss":"actio: act, action, activity, deed"},{"text":"postulāvit.","gloss":"postulo: demand"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s5.1.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"la.pr.C28.s5.2","source":"Libanus simul ōrāvit ut advocātus sibi darētur quī causam suam ageret.","translation":"At the same time Libanus begged that an advocate be given him to plead his case.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Libanus","gloss":"cake/pancake"},{"text":"simul","gloss":"at the same time"},{"text":"ōrāvit","gloss":"oro: beg, ask for, pray"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"advocātus","gloss":"advocatus: helper (female), supporter, counselor"},{"text":"sibi","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"darētur","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"causam","gloss":"causa: cause, reason"},{"text":"suam","gloss":"suus: his, her, hers, its, their, theirs"},{"text":"ageret.","gloss":"ago: drive; do, act"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s5.2.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"la.pr.C28.s5.3","source":"Āctiōne datā, pater lēgulēium arcessīvit quī fōrmulam scrīberet; timēbat enim nē, sī quid in fōrmulā concipiendā errāvisset, causa caderet; deinde fōrmulam hōc modō rēctē scrīptam Libanō recitāvit; vadēs quoque poposcit quī spondērent eum perendiē adfutūrum, cuī Libanus, nē in vincula iacerētur, vadimōnium dedit.","translation":"When the action had been granted, my father called in a lawyer to draw up the formula; for he was afraid that if he made any mistake in framing the formula he would lose the case; then he read the formula, correctly drawn up in this way, to Libanus; he also demanded sureties who would guarantee that he would be there on the day after next, and Libanus, so as not to be thrown into prison, gave bail.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Āctiōne","gloss":"actio: act, action, activity, deed"},{"text":"datā,","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"lēgulēium","gloss":"pettifogging lawyer"},{"text":"arcessīvit","gloss":"arcesso: send for, summon, indict"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"fōrmulam","gloss":"formula: shape/outline"},{"text":"scrīberet;","gloss":"scribo: write"},{"text":"timēbat","gloss":"timeo: fear, dread, be afraid (ne + SUB = lest"},{"text":"enim","gloss":"for, in fact, indeed."},{"text":"nē,","gloss":"ne: in order that not, that"},{"text":"sī","gloss":"si: if"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"fōrmulā","gloss":"formula: shape/outline"},{"text":"concipiendā","gloss":"concipio: take in/up, receive, catch"},{"text":"errāvisset,","gloss":"erro: wander, go astray"},{"text":"causa","gloss":"cause, reason"},{"text":"caderet;","gloss":"cado: fall, sink, drop, plummet, topple"},{"text":"deinde","gloss":"then, in the next place"},{"text":"fōrmulam","gloss":"formula: shape/outline"},{"text":"hōc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"modō","gloss":"modus: measure; manner, way, mode"},{"text":"rēctē","gloss":"rectus: right, proper"},{"text":"scrīptam","gloss":"scribo: write"},{"text":"Libanō","gloss":"Libanus: cake/pancake"},{"text":"recitāvit;","gloss":"recito: read aloud, recite"},{"text":"vadēs","gloss":"vas: one who guarantees court appearance of defendant"},{"text":"quoque","gloss":"also; after"},{"text":"poposcit","gloss":"posco: ask, demand"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"spondērent","gloss":"spondeo: promise, give pledge/undertaking/surety"},{"text":"eum","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"perendiē","gloss":"perendie: day after tomorrow"},{"text":"adfutūrum,","gloss":"adsum: take (to/up/on/from), adopt/raise, use"},{"text":"cuī","gloss":"qui: who, which"},{"text":"Libanus,","gloss":"cake/pancake"},{"text":"nē","gloss":"ne: in order that not, that"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"vincula","gloss":"vinculum: chain, bond, fetter"},{"text":"iacerētur,","gloss":"jacio: throw, hurl, cast"},{"text":"vadimōnium","gloss":"vadimonium: bail, security, surety"},{"text":"dedit.","gloss":"do: give"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s5.3.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"la.pr.C28.s5.4","source":"Quibus factīs domum est discessum.","translation":"When this had been done everyone went home.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quibus","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"factīs","gloss":"factum: fact, deed, act"},{"text":"domum","gloss":"domus: house, home"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"discessum.","gloss":"discedo: go/march off, depart, withdraw"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s5.4.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"la.pr.C28.s6.1","source":"Apud nōs tōtus diēs summō cum silentiō agēbātur; īmmō vērō pater ita animī commōtus est ut nīl cēnae edere posset.","translation":"At our house the whole day was spent in the deepest silence; indeed my father was so upset that he could eat nothing at dinner.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Apud","gloss":"among"},{"text":"nōs","gloss":"nos: we"},{"text":"tōtus","gloss":"totus: whole, all, entire, total, complete"},{"text":"diēs","gloss":"dies: day"},{"text":"summō","gloss":"summus: highest, greatest"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"silentiō","gloss":"silentium: silence"},{"text":"agēbātur;","gloss":"ago: drive, lead; do, perform"},{"text":"īmmō","gloss":"immo: no indeed (contradiction)"},{"text":"vērō","gloss":"vero: truly, indeed, in fact; but, however"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"ita","gloss":"thus, in this way, as follows"},{"text":"animī","gloss":"animus: mind, heart; spirit, feeling"},{"text":"commōtus","gloss":"commotus2: moved, excited"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"nīl","gloss":"nihil: nothing"},{"text":"cēnae","gloss":"cena: dinner/supper, principal Roman meal (evening)"},{"text":"edere","gloss":"edo: eat/consume/devour"},{"text":"posset.","gloss":"possum: be able, can"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s6.1.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"la.pr.C28.s6.2","source":"Omnēs igitur rem compōnere cōnābāmur; pater prōmīsit fore ut reum iūdiciō absolveret sī modo fundum sibi reddidisset.","translation":"So we all tried to settle the matter; my father promised that he would release the defendant from the trial if only he would give him back the farm.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Omnēs","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"igitur","gloss":"therefore, then"},{"text":"rem","gloss":"res: thing, matter"},{"text":"compōnere","gloss":"compono: compare"},{"text":"cōnābāmur;","gloss":"conor: attempt/try/endeavor, make an effort"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"prōmīsit","gloss":"promitto: promise"},{"text":"fore","gloss":"sum: be"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"reum","gloss":"reus: party in law suit"},{"text":"iūdiciō","gloss":"judicium: trial, legal action/process"},{"text":"absolveret","gloss":"absolvo: free (bonds), release"},{"text":"sī","gloss":"si: if"},{"text":"modo","gloss":"only, merely, just now"},{"text":"fundum","gloss":"fundus: sling"},{"text":"sibi","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"reddidisset.","gloss":"reddo: return"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s6.2.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"la.pr.C28.s6.3","source":"Sed nūllō modō efficere potuimus ut hoc faceret.","translation":"But we could in no way bring it about that he should do this.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"nūllō","gloss":"nullus: not any, none, no"},{"text":"modō","gloss":"modus: measure; manner, way, mode"},{"text":"efficere","gloss":"efficio: bring about"},{"text":"potuimus","gloss":"possum: be able, can"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"hoc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"faceret.","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s6.3.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"la.pr.C28.s7.1","source":"Diē cōnstitūtō pater sē ad tribūnal praetōris māne contulit; nōndum aderat Libanus; paululum vidēbātur vadimōnium dēsertūrus esse; tandem autem vēnit obiitque vadimōnium.","translation":"On the appointed day my father took himself to the praetor's court in the morning; Libanus was not yet there; for a little while it seemed that he would forfeit his bail; but at last he came and kept his bail.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Diē","gloss":"dies: day"},{"text":"cōnstitūtō","gloss":"constituo: decide, determine; set up"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"tribūnal","gloss":"tribunal: raised platform"},{"text":"praetōris","gloss":"praetor: praetor (official elected by the Romans who served as a judge)"},{"text":"māne","gloss":"mane: morning, morn"},{"text":"contulit;","gloss":"confero: bring together"},{"text":"nōndum","gloss":"not yet"},{"text":"aderat","gloss":"adsum: take (to/up/on/from), adopt/raise, use"},{"text":"Libanus;","gloss":"cake/pancake"},{"text":"paululum","gloss":"little bit, trifle"},{"text":"vidēbātur","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"vadimōnium","gloss":"vadimonium: bail, security, surety"},{"text":"dēsertūrus","gloss":"abandoned/deserted wife"},{"text":"esse;","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"tandem","gloss":"at length, finally"},{"text":"autem","gloss":"but, moreover, now"},{"text":"vēnit","gloss":"venio: come, go"},{"text":"obiitque","gloss":"obeo: go to meet"},{"text":"vadimōnium.","gloss":"vadimonium: bail, security, surety"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s7.1.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"la.pr.C28.s7.2","source":"Ingrēssus forum, ‘Ubi tū es’ inquit, ‘quī mē vadātus es?","translation":"Entering the forum he said, 'Where are you, you who put me under bail?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ingrēssus","gloss":"ingressus: entry"},{"text":"forum,","gloss":"market place"},{"text":"‘Ubi","gloss":"where"},{"text":"tū","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"es’","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"inquit,","gloss":"inquam: say (defective)"},{"text":"‘quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"mē","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"vadātus","gloss":"vador: go, advance, rush, hurry"},{"text":"es?","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s7.2.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"la.pr.C28.s7.3","source":"Ecce mē tibi sistō, tū contrā et tē mihi siste.’","translation":"See, I present myself to you; do you in turn present yourself to me.'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ecce","gloss":"see! behold! there! here!"},{"text":"mē","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"tibi","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"sistō,","gloss":"sisto: stop, check"},{"text":"tū","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"contrā","gloss":"contra: against, contrary to"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"tē","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"siste.’","gloss":"sisto: stop, check"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s7.3.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"la.pr.C28.s7.4","source":"‘Adsum’ respondit pater; deinde ille ‘Quid ais?’ rogāvit, cuī pater ‘Āiō fundum, quem possidēs, meum esse; inde ego tē ex iūre manum cōnsertum vocō’; et Libanus respondit ‘Unde tū mē ex iūre manum cōnsertum vocāstī, inde ibi ego tē revocō’.","translation":"'I am here,' answered my father; then the other asked, 'What do you say?' and my father said to him, 'I say that the farm you hold is mine; and on that ground I call you to lay hand on it before the law'; and Libanus answered, 'Where you have called me to lay hand on it before the law, there I call you back.'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"‘Adsum’","gloss":"take (to/up/on/from), adopt/raise, use"},{"text":"respondit","gloss":"respondeo: respond, reply"},{"text":"pater;","gloss":"father"},{"text":"deinde","gloss":"then, in the next place"},{"text":"ille","gloss":"that; he, she, it"},{"text":"‘Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"ais?’","gloss":"aio: say"},{"text":"rogāvit,","gloss":"rogo: ask"},{"text":"cuī","gloss":"qui: who, which"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"‘Āiō","gloss":"aio: say"},{"text":"fundum,","gloss":"fundus: sling"},{"text":"quem","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"possidēs,","gloss":"possideo: seize, hold, be master of"},{"text":"meum","gloss":"meus: my, mine"},{"text":"esse;","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"inde","gloss":"from that place, thence"},{"text":"ego","gloss":"I"},{"text":"tē","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"ex","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"iūre","gloss":"jus: gravy"},{"text":"manum","gloss":"manus: hand; band, force"},{"text":"cōnsertum","gloss":"consero2: connect/link, fasten/press/put together"},{"text":"vocō’;","gloss":"voco: call, summon, invite"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Libanus","gloss":"cake/pancake"},{"text":"respondit","gloss":"respondeo: respond, reply"},{"text":"‘Unde","gloss":"from where"},{"text":"tū","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"mē","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"ex","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"iūre","gloss":"jus: gravy"},{"text":"manum","gloss":"manus: hand; band, force"},{"text":"cōnsertum","gloss":"consero2: connect/link, fasten/press/put together"},{"text":"vocāstī,","gloss":"voco: call, summon"},{"text":"inde","gloss":"from that place, thence"},{"text":"ibi","gloss":"there, in that place"},{"text":"ego","gloss":"I"},{"text":"tē","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"revocō’.","gloss":"revoco: call back, recall"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s7.4.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"la.pr.C28.s7.5","source":"Quibus dictīs praetor ‘Utrīsque’ inquit, ‘superstitibus praesentibus, istam viam dīcō.’","translation":"When this had been said, the praetor declared, 'Both parties being present as witnesses, I name you that path.'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quibus","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"dictīs","gloss":"dictum: words/utterance/remark"},{"text":"praetor","gloss":"praetor (official elected by the Romans who served as a judge)"},{"text":"‘Utrīsque’","gloss":"uterque: each (of two)"},{"text":"inquit,","gloss":"inquam: say (defective)"},{"text":"‘superstitibus","gloss":"superstes: gods (pl.) on high, celestial deities"},{"text":"praesentibus,","gloss":"praesentia: present time"},{"text":"istam","gloss":"iste: that; he, she, it"},{"text":"viam","gloss":"via: way, road, street"},{"text":"dīcō.’","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s7.5.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"la.pr.C28.s7.6","source":"Statim ambo proficīscēbantur tamquam glaebam allātūrī; ubi autem praetor sine morā ‘Redīte viam’ inquit, ambo rediērunt, et praetor ‘Utī nunc possidētis, ita possideātis; vīm fierī vetō’, dīxit.","translation":"At once the two of them set off as if they were going to bring back a clod of earth; but when the praetor said without delay, 'Come back by the path,' they both came back, and the praetor said, 'As you now hold, so may you hold; I forbid the use of force.'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Statim","gloss":"immediately, at once"},{"text":"ambo","gloss":"both"},{"text":"proficīscēbantur","gloss":"proficiscor: set out"},{"text":"tamquam","gloss":"so, so much (as)"},{"text":"glaebam","gloss":"glaeba: clod/lump of earth/turf"},{"text":"allātūrī;","gloss":"adfero: bring to, carry, convey"},{"text":"ubi","gloss":"where"},{"text":"autem","gloss":"but, moreover, now"},{"text":"praetor","gloss":"praetor (official elected by the Romans who served as a judge)"},{"text":"sine","gloss":"without"},{"text":"morā","gloss":"mora: delay"},{"text":"‘Redīte","gloss":"redeo: return, go back, give back"},{"text":"viam’","gloss":"via: way, road, street"},{"text":"inquit,","gloss":"inquam: say (defective)"},{"text":"ambo","gloss":"both"},{"text":"rediērunt,","gloss":"redeo: return, go back, give back"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"praetor","gloss":"praetor (official elected by the Romans who served as a judge)"},{"text":"‘Utī","gloss":"uti: in order that"},{"text":"nunc","gloss":"now, the present moment"},{"text":"possidētis,","gloss":"possideo: seize, hold, be master of"},{"text":"ita","gloss":"thus, in this way, as follows"},{"text":"possideātis;","gloss":"possideo: seize, hold, be master of"},{"text":"vīm","gloss":"vis: strength (sg. only), force, power, might, violence"},{"text":"fierī","gloss":"fio: become, be made"},{"text":"vetō’,","gloss":"veto: forbid"},{"text":"dīxit.","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s7.6.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"la.pr.C28.s7.7","source":"Deinde hunc in modum agēbātur āctiō.","translation":"Then the action was conducted in this way.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Deinde","gloss":"then, in the next place"},{"text":"hunc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"modum","gloss":"modus: measure; manner, way, mode"},{"text":"agēbātur","gloss":"ago: drive, lead; do, perform"},{"text":"āctiō.","gloss":"actio: act, action, activity, deed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s7.7.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"la.pr.C28.s8.1","source":"Pater meus, quippe quī possessiōne dēiectus esset, ad Libanum versus ‘Quando’ inquit ‘ego tē in iūre cōnspiciō, postulō an siēs auctor (id est possessor) unde iūs meum repetere possim’; deinde postulāvit ut satisdaret sē nihil dēterius in possessiōne factūrum vel abscīdendō arborēs vel aedificia dēlendō.","translation":"My father, as the man who had been turned out of possession, turned to Libanus and said, 'Since I see you before the law, I ask whether you are the warrantor (that is, the holder) from whom I may claim back my right'; then he demanded that he give security that he would do nothing to make the property worse, either by cutting down trees or by pulling down buildings.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"meus,","gloss":"my, mine"},{"text":"quippe","gloss":"of course"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"possessiōne","gloss":"possessio: possession, property"},{"text":"dēiectus","gloss":"deicio: throw/pour/jump/send/put/push/force/knock/bring down"},{"text":"esset,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"Libanum","gloss":"Libanus: cake/pancake"},{"text":"versus","gloss":"versus3: line, verse"},{"text":"‘Quando’","gloss":"when (interog), at what time"},{"text":"inquit","gloss":"inquam: say (defective)"},{"text":"‘ego","gloss":"I"},{"text":"tē","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"iūre","gloss":"jus: gravy"},{"text":"cōnspiciō,","gloss":"conspicio: observe/see/witness"},{"text":"postulō","gloss":"postulo: demand, claim"},{"text":"an","gloss":"or; Is he a Roman or a Gaul"},{"text":"siēs","gloss":"sum: be"},{"text":"auctor","gloss":"seller, vendor"},{"text":"(id","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"possessor)","gloss":"owner, occupier"},{"text":"unde","gloss":"from where"},{"text":"iūs","gloss":"jus: gravy"},{"text":"meum","gloss":"meus: my, mine"},{"text":"repetere","gloss":"repeto: return to"},{"text":"possim’;","gloss":"possum: be able, can"},{"text":"deinde","gloss":"then, in the next place"},{"text":"postulāvit","gloss":"postulo: demand"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"satisdaret","gloss":"enough, adequate, sufficient"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"nihil","gloss":"nothing"},{"text":"dēterius","gloss":"deterior: low/bad/inferior"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"possessiōne","gloss":"possessio: possession, property"},{"text":"factūrum","gloss":"facio: do, make"},{"text":"vel","gloss":"even, actually"},{"text":"abscīdendō","gloss":"abscido: hew/cut off/away/out"},{"text":"arborēs","gloss":"arbor: tree"},{"text":"vel","gloss":"even, actually"},{"text":"aedificia","gloss":"aedificium: building"},{"text":"dēlendō.","gloss":"deleo: erase, wipe/scratch/remove (letters/marks), wipe/blot out, expunge, delete"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s8.1.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"la.pr.C28.s8.2","source":"Tunc praetor utrīque imperāvit ut sacrāmentum solveret.","translation":"Then the praetor ordered each of them to pay the deposit.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tunc","gloss":"then, thereupon, at that time"},{"text":"praetor","gloss":"praetor (official elected by the Romans who served as a judge)"},{"text":"utrīque","gloss":"uterque: each (of two)"},{"text":"imperāvit","gloss":"impero: command, order"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"sacrāmentum","gloss":"sacramentum: sum deposited in a civil process, guaranty"},{"text":"solveret.","gloss":"solvo: loosen, release, unbind, untie, free"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s8.2.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"la.pr.C28.s8.3","source":"Quā pecūniā solūtā, pater rūrsus ‘Quando negās’ inquit, ‘hunc fundum esse meum, sacrāmentō tē quīngēnāriō prōvocō; spondēsne quīngentōs, sī meus est?’","translation":"When this money had been paid, my father said again, 'Since you deny that this farm is mine, I challenge you to a deposit of five hundred; do you promise five hundred, if it is mine?'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quā","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"pecūniā","gloss":"pecunia: money"},{"text":"solūtā,","gloss":"solvo: loosen, release, unbind, untie, free"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"rūrsus","gloss":"rursus: again, in turn"},{"text":"‘Quando","gloss":"when (interog), at what time"},{"text":"negās’","gloss":"nego: deny, refuse"},{"text":"inquit,","gloss":"inquam: say (defective)"},{"text":"‘hunc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"fundum","gloss":"fundus: sling"},{"text":"esse","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"meum,","gloss":"meus: my, mine"},{"text":"sacrāmentō","gloss":"sacramentum: sum deposited in a civil process, guaranty"},{"text":"tē","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"quīngēnāriō","gloss":"five hundred"},{"text":"prōvocō;","gloss":"provoco: call forth"},{"text":"spondēsne","gloss":"spondee (metrical foot of 2 long syllables)"},{"text":"quīngentōs,","gloss":"five hundred"},{"text":"sī","gloss":"si: if"},{"text":"meus","gloss":"my, mine"},{"text":"est?’","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s8.3.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"la.pr.C28.s8.4","source":"‘Quīngentōs’ respondit Libanus, ‘spondeō, sī tuus sit.","translation":"'Five hundred,' answered Libanus, 'I promise, if it be yours.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"‘Quīngentōs’","gloss":"five hundred"},{"text":"respondit","gloss":"respondeo: respond, reply"},{"text":"Libanus,","gloss":"cake/pancake"},{"text":"‘spondeō,","gloss":"spondeo: promise, give pledge/undertaking/surety"},{"text":"sī","gloss":"si: if"},{"text":"tuus","gloss":"your, yours"},{"text":"sit.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s8.4.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"la.pr.C28.s8.5","source":"Et tū spondēsne quīngentōs, nī tuus sit?’","translation":"And do you promise five hundred, if it be not yours?'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"tū","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"spondēsne","gloss":"spondee (metrical foot of 2 long syllables)"},{"text":"quīngentōs,","gloss":"five hundred"},{"text":"nī","gloss":"ni: if ...  not"},{"text":"tuus","gloss":"your, yours"},{"text":"sit?’","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s8.5.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"la.pr.C28.s8.6","source":"Et ‘Spondeō’ respondit pater, ‘nī meus sit’; deinde ad praetōrem versus hōc modō pergit ‘Praetor, recuperātōrēs postulō ut dēs in diem perendinum’, et praetor recuperātōrēs sīc dedit: ‘C. Aquillī, iūdex estō.","translation":"And my father answered, 'I promise, if it be not mine'; then he turned to the praetor and went on in this way, 'Praetor, I ask you to give us assessors for the day after next,' and the praetor gave the assessors thus: 'Gaius Aquillius, be the judge.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"‘Spondeō’","gloss":"spondeo: promise, give pledge/undertaking/surety"},{"text":"respondit","gloss":"respondeo: respond, reply"},{"text":"pater,","gloss":"father"},{"text":"‘nī","gloss":"ni: if ...  not"},{"text":"meus","gloss":"my, mine"},{"text":"sit’;","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"deinde","gloss":"then, in the next place"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"praetōrem","gloss":"praetor: praetor (official elected by the Romans who served as a judge)"},{"text":"versus","gloss":"verto: turn"},{"text":"hōc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"modō","gloss":"modus: measure; manner, way, mode"},{"text":"pergit","gloss":"pergo: go on, proceed"},{"text":"‘Praetor,","gloss":"praetor (official elected by the Romans who served as a judge)"},{"text":"recuperātōrēs","gloss":"reciperator: assessor dealing w/disputes between aliens and Romans"},{"text":"postulō","gloss":"postulo: demand, claim"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"dēs","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"diem","gloss":"dies: day"},{"text":"perendinum’,","gloss":"perendinus: after tomorrow"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"praetor","gloss":"praetor (official elected by the Romans who served as a judge)"},{"text":"recuperātōrēs","gloss":"reciperator: assessor dealing w/disputes between aliens and Romans"},{"text":"sīc","gloss":"sic: so, thus"},{"text":"dedit:","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"‘C.","gloss":"C (a name)"},{"text":"Aquillī,","gloss":"silver eagle on pole, standard of a legion"},{"text":"iūdex","gloss":"judex: judge"},{"text":"estō.","gloss":"sum: be"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s8.6.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"la.pr.C28.s8.7","source":"Sī pāret fundum Sabīnum, dē quō Cornēlius Polliō cum Libanō agit, Cornēlī esse ex iūre Quirītium, neque is Cornēliō ā Libanō restituātur, tum Libanum condemnā.’","translation":"If it be proved that the Sabine farm, about which Cornelius Pollio is at law with Libanus, is Cornelius's by the law of the Romans, and it is not restored to Cornelius by Libanus, then condemn Libanus.'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sī","gloss":"si: if"},{"text":"pāret","gloss":"pareo: obey"},{"text":"fundum","gloss":"fundus: sling"},{"text":"Sabīnum,","gloss":"Sabinum: Sabines (pl.), people living NE of Rome"},{"text":"dē","gloss":"de: down from; concerning"},{"text":"quō","gloss":"qui2: who"},{"text":"Cornēlius","gloss":"Cornelius: Cornelius"},{"text":"Polliō","gloss":"Pollio: little bit, trifle"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"Libanō","gloss":"Libanus: cake/pancake"},{"text":"agit,","gloss":"ago: drive, lead; do, perform"},{"text":"Cornēlī","gloss":"Cornelius: Cornelius"},{"text":"esse","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"ex","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"iūre","gloss":"jus: gravy"},{"text":"Quirītium,","gloss":"Quiris: citizens (pl.) of Rome collectively in their peacetime functions"},{"text":"neque","gloss":"neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"is","gloss":"this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"Cornēliō","gloss":"Cornelius: made of/belonging to cornel-tree/wood"},{"text":"ā","gloss":"a: from, by, off"},{"text":"Libanō","gloss":"Libanus: cake/pancake"},{"text":"restituātur,","gloss":"restituo: restore"},{"text":"tum","gloss":"then, at that time"},{"text":"Libanum","gloss":"Libanus: cake/pancake"},{"text":"condemnā.’","gloss":"condemno: condemn, doom, convict"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s8.7.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"la.pr.C28.s8.8","source":"Omnibus recuperātōribus hunc in modum addictīs, pater et Libanus inter sē in perendinum diem, ut ad iūdicium venīrent, dēnūntiāvērunt.","translation":"When all the assessors had been appointed in this way, my father and Libanus gave each other notice to come to the trial on the day after next.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Omnibus","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"recuperātōribus","gloss":"reciperator: assessor dealing w/disputes between aliens and Romans"},{"text":"hunc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"modum","gloss":"modus: measure; manner, way, mode"},{"text":"addictīs,","gloss":"addictus: person (female) enslaved for debt or theft"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Libanus","gloss":"cake/pancake"},{"text":"inter","gloss":"between, among"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"perendinum","gloss":"perendinus: after tomorrow"},{"text":"diem,","gloss":"dies: day"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"iūdicium","gloss":"judicium: trial, legal action/process"},{"text":"venīrent,","gloss":"venio: come"},{"text":"dēnūntiāvērunt.","gloss":"denuntio: give notice, warn/foretell"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s8.8.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"la.pr.C28.s8.9","source":"Quibus factīs iterum domum est discessum.","translation":"When this had been done everyone went home again.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quibus","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"factīs","gloss":"factum: fact, deed, act"},{"text":"iterum","gloss":"again"},{"text":"domum","gloss":"domus: house, home"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"discessum.","gloss":"discedo: go/march off, depart, withdraw"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s8.9.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"la.pr.C28.s9.1","source":"Domī inter cēnandum māter cum animadverteret patrem tantā taciturnitāte oppressum ‘Utinam’ inquit, ‘pater tuus numquam esset mortuus, neque fundum istum tibi relīquisset; nam nīl nisi molestiam cūramque nōbīs praebet.","translation":"At home during dinner, when my mother noticed that my father was weighed down by such silence, she said, 'I wish your father had never died and had never left you that farm; for it gives us nothing but trouble and worry.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Domī","gloss":"domus: house, home"},{"text":"inter","gloss":"between, among"},{"text":"cēnandum","gloss":"ceno: dine, eat dinner/supper"},{"text":"māter","gloss":"mater: mother"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"animadverteret","gloss":"animadverto: pay attention to, attend to"},{"text":"patrem","gloss":"pater: father"},{"text":"tantā","gloss":"tantus: so great"},{"text":"taciturnitāte","gloss":"taciturnitas: maintaining silence"},{"text":"oppressum","gloss":"opprimo: press down"},{"text":"‘Utinam’","gloss":"if only, would that"},{"text":"inquit,","gloss":"inquam: say (defective)"},{"text":"‘pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"tuus","gloss":"your, yours"},{"text":"numquam","gloss":"never"},{"text":"esset","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"mortuus,","gloss":"dead, deceased"},{"text":"neque","gloss":"neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"fundum","gloss":"fundus: sling"},{"text":"istum","gloss":"iste: that, that of yours, that which you refer to"},{"text":"tibi","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"relīquisset;","gloss":"relinquo: leave behind, abandon"},{"text":"nam","gloss":"for"},{"text":"nīl","gloss":"nihil: nothing"},{"text":"nisi","gloss":"unless, if ... not"},{"text":"molestiam","gloss":"molestia: trouble, annoyance"},{"text":"cūramque","gloss":"cura: concern, worry, anxiety, trouble"},{"text":"nōbīs","gloss":"nos: we"},{"text":"praebet.","gloss":"praebeo: present/show/put forward"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s9.1.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"la.pr.C28.s9.2","source":"Horātius scīlicet scrīpsit","translation":"Horace of course wrote","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Horātius","gloss":"Horatius: Horatius"},{"text":"scīlicet","gloss":"scilicet: of course"},{"text":"scrīpsit","gloss":"scribo: write"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s9.2.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"la.pr.C28.v10.1","source":"Cūr valle permūtem Sabīnā","translation":"Why should I change my Sabine valley","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"valle","gloss":"valles: valley"},{"text":"permūtem","gloss":"permuto: exchange (for)"},{"text":"Sabīnā","gloss":"Sabina: Sabines (pl.), people living NE of Rome"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.v10.1.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"la.pr.C28.v10.2","source":"dīvitiās operōsiōrēs?","translation":"for riches that bring more toil?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"dīvitiās","gloss":"divitiae: riches (pl.), wealth"},{"text":"operōsiōrēs?","gloss":"operosus: painstaking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.v10.2.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"la.pr.C28.s11.1","source":"Sed nesciō quid nōbīs saltem molestius fierī possit quam fundus ille Sabīnus’.","translation":"But I do not know what could be more of a trouble to us at least than that Sabine farm.'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"nesciō","gloss":"nescius: unaware, not knowing, ignorant"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"nōbīs","gloss":"nos: we"},{"text":"saltem","gloss":"at least, anyhow, in all events"},{"text":"molestius","gloss":"molestus: annoying"},{"text":"fierī","gloss":"fio: become, be made"},{"text":"possit","gloss":"possum: be able, can"},{"text":"quam","gloss":"than"},{"text":"fundus","gloss":"sling"},{"text":"ille","gloss":"that; he, she, it"},{"text":"Sabīnus’.","gloss":"Sabinus: Sabine, of the Sabines/their country/that area"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s11.1.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"la.pr.C28.s11.2","source":"At pater ‘Nīl muliere loquācius est’ respondit, et omnēs cubitum abiimus.","translation":"But my father answered, 'Nothing is more talkative than a woman,' and we all went off to bed.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"At","gloss":"but"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"‘Nīl","gloss":"nihil: nothing"},{"text":"muliere","gloss":"mulier: woman"},{"text":"loquācius","gloss":"loquax: talkative, loquacious"},{"text":"est’","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"respondit,","gloss":"respondeo: respond, reply"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"omnēs","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"cubitum","gloss":"elbow"},{"text":"abiimus.","gloss":"abeo: depart, go away"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s11.2.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"la.pr.C28.s12.1","source":"Tertiō diē iterum ad tribūnal rediimus.","translation":"On the third day we went back again to the court.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tertiō","gloss":"tertius: third"},{"text":"diē","gloss":"dies: day"},{"text":"iterum","gloss":"again"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"tribūnal","gloss":"tribunal: raised platform"},{"text":"rediimus.","gloss":"redeo: return, go back, give back"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s12.1.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"la.pr.C28.s12.2","source":"Quisque iūdex sē ex animī sententiā iūdicātūrum esse hōc modō iūrāvit: lapidem dextrā tenēns ‘Sī sciēns fallō’ dīxit, ‘tum mē Diēspiter, urbe salvā et arce, ē bonīs ēiciat, ut ego hunc lapidem’.","translation":"Each judge swore in this way that he would give judgement according to his conscience: holding a stone in his right hand he said, 'If I knowingly deceive, then may Jupiter cast me out from my goods, while the city and the citadel stand safe, as I cast out this stone.'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quisque","gloss":"each, each one, every"},{"text":"iūdex","gloss":"judex: judge"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"ex","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"animī","gloss":"animus: mind, heart; spirit, feeling"},{"text":"sententiā","gloss":"sententia: opinion, feeling, way of thinking"},{"text":"iūdicātūrum","gloss":"judico: judge, give judgment"},{"text":"esse","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"hōc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"modō","gloss":"modus: measure; manner, way, mode"},{"text":"iūrāvit:","gloss":"juro: swear, take an oath"},{"text":"lapidem","gloss":"lapis: stone"},{"text":"dextrā","gloss":"dexter: right"},{"text":"tenēns","gloss":"teneo: hold, keep"},{"text":"‘Sī","gloss":"si: if"},{"text":"sciēns","gloss":"scio: know, understand"},{"text":"fallō’","gloss":"fallo: deceive"},{"text":"dīxit,","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"‘tum","gloss":"then, at that time"},{"text":"mē","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"Diēspiter,","gloss":"Diespiter: quarter tone"},{"text":"urbe","gloss":"urbs: city"},{"text":"salvā","gloss":"salvus: well, unharmed, sound"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"arce,","gloss":"arx: citadel, stronghold, city"},{"text":"ē","gloss":"ex: out of, from"},{"text":"bonīs","gloss":"bonus: good, kind"},{"text":"ēiciat,","gloss":"eicio: accomplish, perform, bring about, cause"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"ego","gloss":"I"},{"text":"hunc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"lapidem’.","gloss":"lapis: stone"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s12.2.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"la.pr.C28.s12.3","source":"Quibus dictīs in subselliīs sedēbat, quasi ad pedēs praetōris.","translation":"When this had been said he sat on the benches, as it were at the praetor's feet.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quibus","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"dictīs","gloss":"dictum: words/utterance/remark"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"subselliīs","gloss":"subsellium: bench/low seat (in auditorium.theater/court)"},{"text":"sedēbat,","gloss":"sedeo: sit"},{"text":"quasi","gloss":"as if, just as if, as though"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"pedēs","gloss":"pes: foot"},{"text":"praetōris.","gloss":"praetor: praetor (official elected by the Romans who served as a judge)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s12.3.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"la.pr.C28.s12.4","source":"Ipse praetor, togā praetextā amictus, in sellā curūlī sedēbat.","translation":"The praetor himself, wrapped in a bordered toga, sat on the curule chair.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ipse","gloss":"self; even, very"},{"text":"praetor,","gloss":"praetor (official elected by the Romans who served as a judge)"},{"text":"togā","gloss":"toga: toga"},{"text":"praetextā","gloss":"praetexta: toga bordered with purple worn by children over 16 and magistrates"},{"text":"amictus,","gloss":"amicio: clothe, cover, dress"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"sellā","gloss":"sella: seat (usu. no back/arms), stool, chair"},{"text":"curūlī","gloss":"curulis: curule magistrate"},{"text":"sedēbat.","gloss":"sedeo: sit"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s12.4.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"la.pr.C28.s12.5","source":"Ut sūdābat!","translation":"How he sweated!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"sūdābat!","gloss":"sudo: sweat, perspire"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s12.5.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"la.pr.C28.s12.6","source":"Ō miserum hominem aestīvō tempore tot vestibus vestītum!","translation":"Poor man, dressed in so many clothes in summertime!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ō","gloss":"O! (in address)"},{"text":"miserum","gloss":"miser: poor, miserable, wretched, unfortunate, unhappy, distressing"},{"text":"hominem","gloss":"homo: man, human being, person, fellow"},{"text":"aestīvō","gloss":"aestivo: spend/pass the summer"},{"text":"tempore","gloss":"tempus: time"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"so many"},{"text":"vestibus","gloss":"vestis: garment, clothing, blanket"},{"text":"vestītum!","gloss":"vestio: clothe"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s12.6.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"la.pr.C28.s12.7","source":"Equidem vērō mihi grātulābar quod nōn eram praetor nec togā praetextā, sed tunicā modo, amictus.","translation":"For my part I congratulated myself that I was not a praetor and was dressed in a tunic only, not in a bordered toga.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Equidem","gloss":"truly, indeed"},{"text":"vērō","gloss":"vero: truly, indeed, in fact; but, however"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"grātulābar","gloss":"gratulor: congratulate"},{"text":"quod","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"eram","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"praetor","gloss":"praetor (official elected by the Romans who served as a judge)"},{"text":"nec","gloss":"neque: neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"togā","gloss":"toga: toga"},{"text":"praetextā,","gloss":"praetexta: toga bordered with purple worn by children over 16 and magistrates"},{"text":"sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"tunicā","gloss":"tunica: undergarment, shirt,tunic"},{"text":"modo,","gloss":"only, merely, just now"},{"text":"amictus.","gloss":"amicio: clothe, cover, dress"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s12.7.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"la.pr.C28.s12.8","source":"Advocātī utriusque partis causās agunt, sed ōrātiōnēs omīttam, nē taedium vōbīs moveam.","translation":"The advocates of both sides plead their cases, but I shall leave out the speeches, so as not to bore you.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Advocātī","gloss":"advocatus: helper (female), supporter, counselor"},{"text":"utriusque","gloss":"uterque: each (of two)"},{"text":"partis","gloss":"pars: part, region, direction"},{"text":"causās","gloss":"causa: cause/reason/motive"},{"text":"agunt,","gloss":"ago: drive, lead; do, perform"},{"text":"sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ōrātiōnēs","gloss":"oratio: speech, oration"},{"text":"omīttam,","gloss":"omitto: lay aside"},{"text":"nē","gloss":"ne: in order that not, that"},{"text":"taedium","gloss":"weariness/tedium/boredom/ennui"},{"text":"vōbīs","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"moveam.","gloss":"moveo: move, stir, agitate, affect, provoke, disturb"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s12.8.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"la.pr.C28.s12.9","source":"Causā utriusque perōrātā, iūdicēs paulisper dēlīberant, deinde sententiīs lātīs, praetor assurrēxit et clāmāvit ‘Secundum Sextum Cornēlium Polliōnem lītem dō’.","translation":"When the case of each side had been argued to the end, the judges deliberate for a little while, then, when the votes had been cast, the praetor rose and cried, 'I give judgement for Sextus Cornelius Pollio.'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Causā","gloss":"causa: cause, reason"},{"text":"utriusque","gloss":"uterque: each (of two)"},{"text":"perōrātā,","gloss":"peroro: deliver the final part of a speech, conclude"},{"text":"iūdicēs","gloss":"judex: judge"},{"text":"paulisper","gloss":"for a little while"},{"text":"dēlīberant,","gloss":"delibero: weigh/consider/deliberate/consult (oracle)"},{"text":"deinde","gloss":"then, in the next place"},{"text":"sententiīs","gloss":"sententia: opinion, feeling, way of thinking"},{"text":"lātīs,","gloss":"latus: wide"},{"text":"praetor","gloss":"praetor (official elected by the Romans who served as a judge)"},{"text":"assurrēxit","gloss":"assurgo: rise/stand up, rise to one's feet/from bed"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"clāmāvit","gloss":"clamo: proclaim, declare"},{"text":"‘Secundum","gloss":"secundus: next, following"},{"text":"Sextum","gloss":"Sextus: Sextus"},{"text":"Cornēlium","gloss":"Cornelius: made of/belonging to cornel-tree/wood"},{"text":"Polliōnem","gloss":"Pollio: little bit, trifle"},{"text":"lītem","gloss":"lis: lawsuit"},{"text":"dō’.","gloss":"do: give"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s12.9.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"la.pr.C28.s12.10","source":"Quibus audītīs nōs omnēs summō gaudiō affectī sumus et, līte tam bene iūdicātā, domum redīvimus.","translation":"When we heard this we were all filled with the greatest joy, and, the suit having been so well judged, we went home.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quibus","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"audītīs","gloss":"audio: hear, listen to"},{"text":"nōs","gloss":"nos: we"},{"text":"omnēs","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"summō","gloss":"summus: highest, greatest"},{"text":"gaudiō","gloss":"gaudium: joy"},{"text":"affectī","gloss":"adfacio: speak to, address"},{"text":"sumus","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"et,","gloss":"and"},{"text":"līte","gloss":"lis: lawsuit"},{"text":"tam","gloss":"so"},{"text":"bene","gloss":"well"},{"text":"iūdicātā,","gloss":"judicatum: judge"},{"text":"domum","gloss":"domus: house, home"},{"text":"redīvimus.","gloss":"hangnail"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.s12.10.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"la.pr.C28.pB1.1","source":"Tēstāmentō apertō quid invēnimus?","translation":"When the will had been opened, what did we find?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tēstāmentō","gloss":"testamentum: will, testament"},{"text":"apertō","gloss":"apertus: open/public/free"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"invēnimus?","gloss":"invenio: come upon"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.pB1.1.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"la.pr.C28.pB1.2","source":"Quid erat patris hērēditās?","translation":"What was my father's inheritance?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"patris","gloss":"pater: father"},{"text":"hērēditās?","gloss":"hereditas: inheritance, possession"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.pB1.2.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"la.pr.C28.pB1.3","source":"Cūr molestiae initium nōbīs erat?","translation":"Why was it the beginning of trouble for us?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"molestiae","gloss":"molestia: trouble, annoyance"},{"text":"initium","gloss":"entrance, beginning"},{"text":"nōbīs","gloss":"nos: we"},{"text":"erat?","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.pB1.3.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"la.pr.C28.pB1.4","source":"Quid prīmum cōnātus est pater facere?","translation":"What did my father first try to do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"prīmum","gloss":"primus: first"},{"text":"cōnātus","gloss":"conor: attempt, try"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"facere?","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.pB1.4.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"la.pr.C28.pB1.5","source":"Quid fēcit pater cum Libanus in iūs īre recūsāvisset?","translation":"What did my father do when Libanus had refused to go to law?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"fēcit","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"Libanus","gloss":"cake/pancake"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"iūs","gloss":"jus: gravy"},{"text":"īre","gloss":"eo: go"},{"text":"recūsāvisset?","gloss":"recuso: reject, refuse, refuse to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.pB1.5.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"la.pr.C28.pB1.6","source":"Quid deinde fēcit Libanus nē in iūs īret?","translation":"What did Libanus then do so as not to go to law?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"deinde","gloss":"then, in the next place"},{"text":"fēcit","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"Libanus","gloss":"cake/pancake"},{"text":"nē","gloss":"ne: in order that not, that"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"iūs","gloss":"jus: gravy"},{"text":"īret?","gloss":"eo: go"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.pB1.6.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"la.pr.C28.pB1.7","source":"Quid igitur fēcit pater?","translation":"What then did my father do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"igitur","gloss":"therefore, then"},{"text":"fēcit","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"pater?","gloss":"father"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.pB1.7.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"la.pr.C28.pB1.8","source":"Cūr dēnique Libanus domō est ēgrēssus?","translation":"Why did Libanus at last come out of his house?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"dēnique","gloss":"denique: finally"},{"text":"Libanus","gloss":"cake/pancake"},{"text":"domō","gloss":"domus: house, home"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"ēgrēssus?","gloss":"egredior: go/march/come out"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.pB1.8.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"la.pr.C28.pB1.9","source":"Cum ad forum perventum est quid accidit?","translation":"When they had reached the forum, what happened?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"forum","gloss":"market place"},{"text":"perventum","gloss":"pervenio: come to"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"accidit?","gloss":"accido2: cut, cut into/down/up, hack, hew, fell"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.pB1.9.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"la.pr.C28.pB1.10","source":"Quid ōrāvit Libanus?","translation":"What did Libanus beg?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"ōrāvit","gloss":"oro: beg, ask for, pray"},{"text":"Libanus?","gloss":"cake/pancake"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.pB1.10.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"la.pr.C28.pB2.1","source":"Cūr lēgulēium arcessīvit pater?","translation":"Why did my father call in a lawyer?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"lēgulēium","gloss":"pettifogging lawyer"},{"text":"arcessīvit","gloss":"arcesso: send for, summon, indict"},{"text":"pater?","gloss":"father"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.pB2.1.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"la.pr.C28.pB2.2","source":"Cūr vadēs poposcit?","translation":"Why did he demand sureties?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"vadēs","gloss":"vas: one who guarantees court appearance of defendant"},{"text":"poposcit?","gloss":"posco: ask, demand"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.pB2.2.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"la.pr.C28.pB2.3","source":"Quid prōmīsit pater sē factūrum esse sī fundus sibi redditus esset?","translation":"What did my father promise to do if the farm were given back to him?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"prōmīsit","gloss":"promitto: promise"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"factūrum","gloss":"facio: do, make"},{"text":"esse","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"sī","gloss":"si: if"},{"text":"fundus","gloss":"sling"},{"text":"sibi","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"redditus","gloss":"reddo: return"},{"text":"esset?","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.pB2.3.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"la.pr.C28.pB2.4","source":"Posterō diē quid putāvit cum nōndum adesset Libanus?","translation":"The next day, what did he think when Libanus was not yet there?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Posterō","gloss":"posterus: coming after, following, next"},{"text":"diē","gloss":"dies: day"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"putāvit","gloss":"puto: think, believe, suppose, hold"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"nōndum","gloss":"not yet"},{"text":"adesset","gloss":"adsum: take (to/up/on/from), adopt/raise, use"},{"text":"Libanus?","gloss":"cake/pancake"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.pB2.4.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"la.pr.C28.pB2.5","source":"Cūr postulāvit ut Libanus satisdaret?","translation":"Why did he demand that Libanus give security?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"postulāvit","gloss":"postulo: demand"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"Libanus","gloss":"cake/pancake"},{"text":"satisdaret?","gloss":"enough, adequate, sufficient"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.pB2.5.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"la.pr.C28.pB2.6","source":"Quid spopondit uterque?","translation":"What did each of them promise?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"spopondit","gloss":"spondeo: promise, give pledge/undertaking/surety"},{"text":"uterque?","gloss":"each (of two)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.pB2.6.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"la.pr.C28.pB2.7","source":"Quid dīxit māter inter cēnam?","translation":"What did my mother say during dinner?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"dīxit","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"māter","gloss":"mater: mother"},{"text":"inter","gloss":"between, among"},{"text":"cēnam?","gloss":"cena: dinner"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.pB2.7.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"la.pr.C28.pB2.8","source":"Quōmodo iūrāvērunt iūdicēs?","translation":"How did the judges swear?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quōmodo","gloss":"quomodo: how, in what way"},{"text":"iūrāvērunt","gloss":"juro: swear, take an oath"},{"text":"iūdicēs?","gloss":"judex: judge"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.pB2.8.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"la.pr.C28.pB2.9","source":"Quālī habitū amictus est praetor?","translation":"In what dress was the praetor clothed?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quālī","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"habitū","gloss":"habitus2: condition, state"},{"text":"amictus","gloss":"amicio: clothe, cover, dress"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"praetor?","gloss":"praetor (official elected by the Romans who served as a judge)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.pB2.9.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"la.pr.C28.pB2.10","source":"Quibus verbīs fundum patrī addīxit?","translation":"With what words did he award the farm to my father?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quibus","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"verbīs","gloss":"verbum: word"},{"text":"fundum","gloss":"fundus: sling"},{"text":"patrī","gloss":"pater: father"},{"text":"addīxit?","gloss":"addico: be propitious"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C28.pB2.10.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"īnstituerat","gloss":"set up, establish, from instituo"},{"word":"dīmidiā","gloss":"half"},{"word":"sextante","gloss":"one-sixth of any unit, from sextans"},{"word":"hērēditās","gloss":"inheritance, possession"},{"word":"Sabīnus","gloss":"Sabine, of the Sabines"},{"word":"molestiae","gloss":"trouble, annoyance, from molestia"},{"word":"adversārium","gloss":"female enemy, adversary, from adversaria"},{"word":"Libanus","gloss":"cake"},{"word":"tribūnal","gloss":"raised platform"},{"word":"antestārī","gloss":"surpass, excel, from antesto"},{"word":"auriculam","gloss":"ear, from auricula"},{"word":"oppōnit","gloss":"oppose, from oppono"},{"word":"refugiō","gloss":"flee back"},{"word":"ēvocāvit","gloss":"call forth, from evoco"},{"word":"Fāstus","gloss":"not forbidden"},{"word":"fāstī","gloss":"calendar, almanac"},{"word":"fandō","gloss":"that may be spoken"},{"word":"fārī","gloss":"speak, from for"},{"word":"ADDĪCŌ","gloss":"be propitious"},{"word":"damna","gloss":"financial, from damnum"},{"word":"alterutrī","gloss":"one, one or the other, from alteruter"},{"word":"nefāstus","gloss":"contrary to divine law"},{"word":"cōram","gloss":"in the presence of"},{"word":"reum","gloss":"party in law suit, from reus"},{"word":"advocātus","gloss":"helper, supporter"},{"word":"lēgulēium","gloss":"pettifogging lawyer"},{"word":"arcessīvit","gloss":"send for, summon, from arcesso"},{"word":"fōrmulam","gloss":"shape, from formula"},{"word":"concipiendā","gloss":"take in, receive, from concipio"},{"word":"vadēs","gloss":"one who guarantees court appearance, from vas"},{"word":"spondērent","gloss":"promise, give pledge, from spondeo"},{"word":"perendiē","gloss":"day after tomorrow"},{"word":"vadimōnium","gloss":"bail, security"},{"word":"absolveret","gloss":"free, release, from absolvo"},{"word":"paululum","gloss":"little bit, trifle"},{"word":"dēsertūrus","gloss":"abandoned"},{"word":"vadātus","gloss":"go, advance, from vador"},{"word":"sistō","gloss":"stop, check"},{"word":"possidēs","gloss":"seize, hold, from possideo"},{"word":"cōnsertum","gloss":"connect, fasten, from consero"},{"word":"superstitibus","gloss":"gods on high, celestial deities, from superstes"},{"word":"praesentibus","gloss":"present time, from praesentia"},{"word":"glaebam","gloss":"clod, from glaeba"},{"word":"Utī","gloss":"in order that"},{"word":"possessiōne","gloss":"possession, property, from possessio"},{"word":"possessor","gloss":"owner, occupier"},{"word":"repetere","gloss":"return to, from repeto"},{"word":"satisdaret","gloss":"enough, adequate"},{"word":"dēterius","gloss":"low, from deterior"},{"word":"abscīdendō","gloss":"hew, from abscido"},{"word":"dēlendō","gloss":"erase, wipe, from deleo"},{"word":"sacrāmentum","gloss":"sum deposited in a civil"},{"word":"quīngēnāriō","gloss":"five hundred"},{"word":"prōvocō","gloss":"call forth"},{"word":"spondēsne","gloss":"spondee"},{"word":"quīngentōs","gloss":"five hundred"},{"word":"nī","gloss":"if ... not"},{"word":"recuperātōrēs","gloss":"assessor dealing w, from reciperator"},{"word":"perendinum","gloss":"after tomorrow, from perendinus"},{"word":"Aquillī","gloss":"silver eagle on pole, standard"},{"word":"Sabīnum","gloss":"Sabines, people living NE of"},{"word":"Quirītium","gloss":"citizens of Rome collectively in, from Quiris"},{"word":"condemnā","gloss":"condemn, doom, from condemno"},{"word":"addictīs","gloss":"person enslaved for debt or, from addictus"},{"word":"dēnūntiāvērunt","gloss":"give notice, warn, from denuntio"},{"word":"taciturnitāte","gloss":"maintaining silence, from taciturnitas"},{"word":"valle","gloss":"valley, from valles"},{"word":"permūtem","gloss":"exchange, from permuto"},{"word":"Sabīnā","gloss":"Sabines, people living NE of"},{"word":"operōsiōrēs","gloss":"painstaking, from operosus"},{"word":"loquācius","gloss":"talkative, loquacious, from loquax"},{"word":"iūdicātūrum","gloss":"judge, give judgment, from judico"},{"word":"iūrāvit","gloss":"swear, take an oath, from juro"},{"word":"fallō","gloss":"deceive"},{"word":"Diēspiter","gloss":"quarter tone"},{"word":"salvā","gloss":"well, unharmed, from salvus"},{"word":"subselliīs","gloss":"bench, from subsellium"},{"word":"curūlī","gloss":"curule magistrate, from curulis"},{"word":"sūdābat","gloss":"sweat, perspire, from sudo"},{"word":"aestīvō","gloss":"spend"},{"word":"taedium","gloss":"weariness"},{"word":"perōrātā","gloss":"deliver the final part of, from peroro"},{"word":"paulisper","gloss":"for a little while"},{"word":"assurrēxit","gloss":"rise, rise to one's feet, from assurgo"},{"word":"iūdicātā","gloss":"judge, from judicatum"},{"word":"redīvimus","gloss":"hangnail"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Rūs ītur (Puer Rōmānus 29)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":152,"id":"la.pr.C29.s1.1","source":"Posterō diē pater sē ad hunc Sabīnum fundum abitūrum esse dīxit; et mē sēcum dūxit.","translation":"The next day my father said that he would go off to this Sabine farm; and he took me with him.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Posterō","gloss":"posterus: coming after, following, next"},{"text":"diē","gloss":"dies: day"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"hunc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"Sabīnum","gloss":"Sabinum: Sabines (pl.), people living NE of Rome"},{"text":"fundum","gloss":"fundus: sling"},{"text":"abitūrum","gloss":"abeo: depart, go away"},{"text":"esse","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"dīxit;","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"mē","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"sēcum","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"dūxit.","gloss":"duco: lead, conduct"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.s1.1.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"la.pr.C29.s1.2","source":"Ō quam grātum mihi erat rūs post tot urbis strepitūs forīque negōtia!","translation":"How welcome the country was to me after so much din of the city and business of the forum!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ō","gloss":"O! (in address)"},{"text":"quam","gloss":"than"},{"text":"grātum","gloss":"gratus: acceptable, pleasing"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"rūs","gloss":"rus: the country"},{"text":"post","gloss":"behind, after"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"so many"},{"text":"urbis","gloss":"urbs: city"},{"text":"strepitūs","gloss":"strepitus: noise, racket"},{"text":"forīque","gloss":"forus: gangway, row of benches"},{"text":"negōtia!","gloss":"negotium: business, task; trouble"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.s1.2.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"la.pr.C29.s1.3","source":"Mihi quidem rūs semper vidētur urbe multō melius esse.","translation":"To me at least the country always seems much better than the city.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"quidem","gloss":"to be sure, certainly, indeed"},{"text":"rūs","gloss":"rus: the country"},{"text":"semper","gloss":"always"},{"text":"vidētur","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"urbe","gloss":"urbs: city"},{"text":"multō","gloss":"multus: much; many"},{"text":"melius","gloss":"better"},{"text":"esse.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.s1.3.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"la.pr.C29.s1.4","source":"Ut dīcit Iuvenālis—","translation":"As Juvenal says:","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"dīcit","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"Iuvenālis—","gloss":"Juvenalis: youth, young man/woman"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.s1.4.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"la.pr.C29.v2.1","source":"nam quid tam miserum, tam sōlum vīdimus ut nōn","translation":"For what place have we seen so wretched, so lonely, that you would not","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"nam","gloss":"for"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"tam","gloss":"so"},{"text":"miserum,","gloss":"miser: poor, miserable, wretched, unfortunate, unhappy, distressing"},{"text":"tam","gloss":"so"},{"text":"sōlum","gloss":"alone, only"},{"text":"vīdimus","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v2.1.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"la.pr.C29.v2.2","source":"dēterius crēdās horrēre incendia, lāpsūs","translation":"think it worse to dread fires, the unceasing fall","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"dēterius","gloss":"deterior: low/bad/inferior"},{"text":"crēdās","gloss":"credo: trust, entrust"},{"text":"horrēre","gloss":"horreo: dread, shrink from, shudder at"},{"text":"incendia,","gloss":"incendium: fire, conflagration"},{"text":"lāpsūs","gloss":"lapsus2: gliding, sliding"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v2.2.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"la.pr.C29.v2.3","source":"tēctōrum assiduōs āc mīlle perīcula saevae","translation":"of houses and the thousand dangers of the cruel","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"tēctōrum","gloss":"tector: plasterer"},{"text":"assiduōs","gloss":"assiduus: constant, regular"},{"text":"āc","gloss":"atque: and"},{"text":"mīlle","gloss":"mille: thousand"},{"text":"perīcula","gloss":"periculum: danger, peril"},{"text":"saevae","gloss":"saevus: savage"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v2.3.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"la.pr.C29.v2.4","source":"urbis, et Augustō recitantēs mēnse poētās?","translation":"city, and poets reciting in the month of August?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"urbis,","gloss":"urbs: city"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Augustō","gloss":"Augustus: Augusta"},{"text":"recitantēs","gloss":"recito: read aloud, recite"},{"text":"mēnse","gloss":"mensis: month"},{"text":"poētās?","gloss":"poeta: poet"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v2.4.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"la.pr.C29.s3.1","source":"Diū per vīcōs artissimōs, raedīs, armentīs cōnfertōs, vehimur et","translation":"For a long time we ride through the narrowest streets, crammed with carriages and cattle, and","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Diū","gloss":"diu: for a long time, long"},{"text":"per","gloss":"through"},{"text":"vīcōs","gloss":"vicus: village"},{"text":"artissimōs,","gloss":"artus: close, firm, tight"},{"text":"raedīs,","gloss":"raeda: four wheeled wagon"},{"text":"armentīs","gloss":"armenta: herd (of cattle)"},{"text":"cōnfertōs,","gloss":"confertus: crowded/pressed together/thronging"},{"text":"vehimur","gloss":"veho: bear, carry, convey"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.s3.1.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"la.pr.C29.v4.1","source":"‘nōbīs properantibus ōpstat","translation":"'as we hurry the crowd ahead is in our way,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"‘nōbīs","gloss":"nos: we"},{"text":"properantibus","gloss":"propero: hurry, speed up"},{"text":"ōpstat","gloss":"obstō: stand in the way"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v4.1.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"la.pr.C29.v4.2","source":"turba prior, māgnō populus premit āgmine lumbōs","translation":"and the people who follow press our loins in a great","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"turba","gloss":"commotion, uproar, turmoil, tumult, disturbance"},{"text":"prior,","gloss":"ahead, in front, leading"},{"text":"māgnō","gloss":"magnus: great, large"},{"text":"populus","gloss":"people"},{"text":"premit","gloss":"premo: press, press hard, pursue"},{"text":"āgmine","gloss":"agmen: stream"},{"text":"lumbōs","gloss":"lumbus: loins"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v4.2.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"la.pr.C29.v4.3","source":"quī sequitur; ferit hic cubitō, ferit assere dūrō","translation":"column; one man strikes with his elbow, another with a hard","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"sequitur;","gloss":"sequor: follow"},{"text":"ferit","gloss":"ferio: hit, strike"},{"text":"hic","gloss":"this"},{"text":"cubitō,","gloss":"cubito: recline, lie down, take rest, sleep"},{"text":"ferit","gloss":"ferio: hit, strike"},{"text":"assere","gloss":"asser: pole (wooden), post, stake, beam"},{"text":"dūrō","gloss":"durus: hard, rough; unfeeling, cruel; severe, toilsome"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v4.3.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"la.pr.C29.v4.4","source":"alter, at hic tīgnum capitī incutit, ille metrētam.","translation":"pole, another knocks a beam against my head, another a wine jar.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"alter,","gloss":"the one, the other"},{"text":"at","gloss":"but"},{"text":"hic","gloss":"this"},{"text":"tīgnum","gloss":"tignum: tree trunk, log, stick, post, beam"},{"text":"capitī","gloss":"caput: head"},{"text":"incutit,","gloss":"incutio: strike on or against"},{"text":"ille","gloss":"that; he, she, it"},{"text":"metrētam.","gloss":"metreta: Greek liquid measure"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v4.4.m4a"},{"number":165,"id":"la.pr.C29.v4.5","source":"Pinguia crūra lutō, plantā mox undique māgnā","translation":"My legs are thick with mud, and soon on every side I am trodden","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Pinguia","gloss":"pinguis: fat"},{"text":"crūra","gloss":"crus: leg"},{"text":"lutō,","gloss":"lutum2: mud, dirt, clay"},{"text":"plantā","gloss":"planta: cutting, heel, young shoot detached for propagation"},{"text":"mox","gloss":"soon, presently"},{"text":"undique","gloss":"from all sides"},{"text":"māgnā","gloss":"magnus: great, large"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v4.5.m4a"},{"number":166,"id":"la.pr.C29.v4.6","source":"calcor et in digitō clāvus mihi mīlitis haeret;","translation":"by a great foot, and a soldier's nail sticks in my toe;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"calcor","gloss":"calceo: put shoes on, furnish with shoes"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"digitō","gloss":"digitus: finger"},{"text":"clāvus","gloss":"clavus: club, cudgel"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"mīlitis","gloss":"miles: soldier"},{"text":"haeret;","gloss":"haereo: stick, adhere, cling to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v4.6.m4a"},{"number":167,"id":"la.pr.C29.v4.7","source":"scinduntur tunicae sartae modo, longa coruscat","translation":"my tunic, just mended, is torn, a long fir tree sways","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"scinduntur","gloss":"scindo: tear, rend, cut to pieces"},{"text":"tunicae","gloss":"tunica: undergarment, shirt,tunic"},{"text":"sartae","gloss":"sarcio: make good"},{"text":"modo,","gloss":"only, merely, just now"},{"text":"longa","gloss":"longus: long"},{"text":"coruscat","gloss":"corusco: brandish/shake/quiver"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v4.7.m4a"},{"number":168,"id":"la.pr.C29.v4.8","source":"serrācō veniente abiēs, atque altera pīnum","translation":"as the waggon comes on, and other carts carry a pine,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"serrācō","gloss":"kind of wagon/cart/wain"},{"text":"veniente","gloss":"venio: come"},{"text":"abiēs,","gloss":"abies: fir tree/wood"},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"altera","gloss":"alter: the one, the other"},{"text":"pīnum","gloss":"pinus: pine/fir tree/wood/foliage"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v4.8.m4a"},{"number":169,"id":"la.pr.C29.v4.9","source":"plaustra vehunt, nūtant altē populōque minantur;","translation":"they nod on high and threaten the people;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"plaustra","gloss":"plaustrum: wagon, cart, wain"},{"text":"vehunt,","gloss":"veho: bear, carry, convey"},{"text":"nūtant","gloss":"nuto: waver, give way"},{"text":"altē","gloss":"alo: nourish, bring up"},{"text":"populōque","gloss":"populus: people, nation, State"},{"text":"minantur;","gloss":"minor: reduce, make less"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v4.9.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"la.pr.C29.v4.10","source":"nam sī prōcubuit quī saxa Ligustica portat","translation":"for if the axle that carries Ligurian stone has gone down","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"nam","gloss":"for"},{"text":"sī","gloss":"si: if"},{"text":"prōcubuit","gloss":"procumbo: sink down, lie down, lean forward"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"saxa","gloss":"saxum: rock, stone"},{"text":"Ligustica","gloss":"Ligusticus: Ligusticus (a name)"},{"text":"portat","gloss":"porto: bear, carry"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v4.10.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"la.pr.C29.v4.11","source":"axis et ēversum fūdit super āgmina montem,","translation":"and spilt its overturned mountain on the crowds,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"axis","gloss":"axle, axis, pole"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ēversum","gloss":"everro: sweep/clean out (room/litter)"},{"text":"fūdit","gloss":"fundo: pour, cast (metals)"},{"text":"super","gloss":"over, above"},{"text":"āgmina","gloss":"agmen: stream"},{"text":"montem,","gloss":"mons: mountain"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v4.11.m4a"},{"number":172,"id":"la.pr.C29.v4.12","source":"quid superest ē corporibus? quis membra, quis ossa","translation":"what is left of the bodies? who finds the limbs, who","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"superest","gloss":"supersum: be over, survive"},{"text":"ē","gloss":"ex: out of, from"},{"text":"corporibus?","gloss":"corpus: body"},{"text":"quis","gloss":"who?"},{"text":"membra,","gloss":"membrum: member, limb, organ"},{"text":"quis","gloss":"who?"},{"text":"ossa","gloss":"ossum: bones (pl.)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v4.12.m4a"},{"number":173,"id":"la.pr.C29.v4.13","source":"invenit? obtrītum volgī perit omne cadāver","translation":"finds the bones? the whole crushed corpse of the common man perishes","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"invenit?","gloss":"invenio: come upon"},{"text":"obtrītum","gloss":"obtero: crush"},{"text":"volgī","gloss":"vulgus: common people/general public/multitude/common herd/rabble/crowd/mob"},{"text":"perit","gloss":"pereo: die, pass away"},{"text":"omne","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"cadāver","gloss":"cadaver: corpse, cadaver, dead body"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v4.13.m4a"},{"number":174,"id":"la.pr.C29.v4.14","source":"mōre animae. Domus intereā sēcūra patellās","translation":"like his breath. Meanwhile the household, knowing nothing, is already","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"mōre","gloss":"mos: custom, habit"},{"text":"animae.","gloss":"anima: soul, spirit, vital principle"},{"text":"Domus","gloss":"house, home"},{"text":"intereā","gloss":"interea: meanwhile"},{"text":"sēcūra","gloss":"securus: secure, safe, untroubled, free from care"},{"text":"patellās","gloss":"patella: small dish or plate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v4.14.m4a"},{"number":175,"id":"la.pr.C29.v4.15","source":"iam lavat et buccā foculum excitat et sonat ūnctis","translation":"washing the dishes, blowing up the brazier with puffed cheeks, rattling","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"iam","gloss":"jam: already, now"},{"text":"lavat","gloss":"lavo: wash, bathe"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"buccā","gloss":"bucca: jaw, mouth"},{"text":"foculum","gloss":"foculus: brazier"},{"text":"excitat","gloss":"excito: wake up, stir up"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"sonat","gloss":"sono: make a noise/sound"},{"text":"ūnctis","gloss":"unctus: oily, greasy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v4.15.m4a"},{"number":176,"id":"la.pr.C29.v4.16","source":"strīglibus et plēnō compōnit lintea gūtō.","translation":"the oiled scrapers and setting out the towels with a full flask.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"strīglibus","gloss":"evil spirit (supposed to howl at night)"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"plēnō","gloss":"plenus: full"},{"text":"compōnit","gloss":"compono: compare"},{"text":"lintea","gloss":"linteum: linen cloth"},{"text":"gūtō.","gloss":"guttus: flask"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v4.16.m4a"},{"number":177,"id":"la.pr.C29.v4.17","source":"Haec inter puerōs variē properantur, at ille","translation":"These things the slave boys hurry over in their various ways, while he","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Haec","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"inter","gloss":"between, among"},{"text":"puerōs","gloss":"puer: boy"},{"text":"variē","gloss":"different"},{"text":"properantur,","gloss":"propero: hurry, speed up"},{"text":"at","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ille","gloss":"that; he, she, it"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v4.17.m4a"},{"number":178,"id":"la.pr.C29.v4.18","source":"iam sedet in rīpā taetrumque novīcius horret","translation":"now sits on the bank, a newcomer shuddering at the grim","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"iam","gloss":"jam: already, now"},{"text":"sedet","gloss":"sedeo: sit"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"rīpā","gloss":"ripa: bank"},{"text":"taetrumque","gloss":"foul, offensive"},{"text":"novīcius","gloss":"novicius: new, fresh"},{"text":"horret","gloss":"horreo: dread, shrink from, shudder at"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v4.18.m4a"},{"number":179,"id":"la.pr.C29.v4.19","source":"porthmea nec spērat caenōsī gurgitis alnum,","translation":"ferryman, and has no hope of the boat on the muddy flood,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"porthmea","gloss":"ferryman"},{"text":"nec","gloss":"neque: neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"spērat","gloss":"spero: hope for"},{"text":"caenōsī","gloss":"caenosus: muddy"},{"text":"gurgitis","gloss":"gurges: whirlpool"},{"text":"alnum,","gloss":"alnus: alder"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v4.19.m4a"},{"number":180,"id":"la.pr.C29.v4.20","source":"īnfēlix nec habet quem porrigat ōre trientem’.","translation":"unlucky man, for he has no coin to hold out in his mouth.'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"īnfēlix","gloss":"infelix: unfortunate, unhappy, wretched"},{"text":"nec","gloss":"neque: neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"habet","gloss":"habeo: have, hold; regard, consider, deem"},{"text":"quem","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"porrigat","gloss":"porrigo: stretch out, extend"},{"text":"ōre","gloss":"os: mouth, speech, expression"},{"text":"trientem’.","gloss":"triens: third part, third"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v4.20.m4a"},{"number":181,"id":"la.pr.C29.s5.1","source":"Tandem ad pōmērium tūtī pervenīmus, et, urbe relictā, agrōs apertōs vidēmus.","translation":"At last we come safely to the city boundary, and, leaving the city behind, we see the open fields.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tandem","gloss":"at length, finally"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"pōmērium","gloss":"pomerium: boundary of town"},{"text":"tūtī","gloss":"tueor: see, look at"},{"text":"pervenīmus,","gloss":"pervenio: come to"},{"text":"et,","gloss":"and"},{"text":"urbe","gloss":"urbs: city"},{"text":"relictā,","gloss":"relinquo: leave behind, abandon"},{"text":"agrōs","gloss":"ager: field"},{"text":"apertōs","gloss":"apertus: open/public/free"},{"text":"vidēmus.","gloss":"video: see, perceive"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.s5.1.m4a"},{"number":182,"id":"la.pr.C29.s5.2","source":"Quam fēlīcēs omnēs videntur esse rūsticī!","translation":"How happy all the country people seem to be!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quam","gloss":"than"},{"text":"fēlīcēs","gloss":"felix: happy"},{"text":"omnēs","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"videntur","gloss":"video: see, look at"},{"text":"esse","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"rūsticī!","gloss":"rusticus: country, rural"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.s5.2.m4a"},{"number":183,"id":"la.pr.C29.s6.1","source":"Ego vērō nōn facere poteram quīn Horātī versūs in memoriam revocārem","translation":"For my part I could not help calling to mind the lines of Horace","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ego","gloss":"I"},{"text":"vērō","gloss":"vero: truly, indeed, in fact; but, however"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"facere","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"poteram","gloss":"possum: be able, can"},{"text":"quīn","gloss":"quin: so that not, without"},{"text":"Horātī","gloss":"Horatius: Horatius (a name)"},{"text":"versūs","gloss":"versus3: line, verse"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"memoriam","gloss":"memoria: memory, recollection"},{"text":"revocārem","gloss":"revoco: call back, recall"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.s6.1.m4a"},{"number":184,"id":"la.pr.C29.v7.1","source":"Beātus ille, quī procul negōtiīs,","translation":"Happy the man who, far from business,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Beātus","gloss":"beatus: blessed, blissful"},{"text":"ille,","gloss":"that; he, she, it"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"procul","gloss":"far, afar off"},{"text":"negōtiīs,","gloss":"negotium: business, task; trouble"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v7.1.m4a"},{"number":185,"id":"la.pr.C29.v7.2","source":"ut prīsca gēns mortālium,","translation":"like the early race of mortals,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"prīsca","gloss":"priscus: ancient, early, former"},{"text":"gēns","gloss":"gens: race, tribe, nation"},{"text":"mortālium,","gloss":"mortalis: mortal, transient"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v7.2.m4a"},{"number":186,"id":"la.pr.C29.v7.3","source":"paterna rūra bōbus exercet suīs,","translation":"works his father's fields with his own oxen,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"paterna","gloss":"paternus: father's, paternal"},{"text":"rūra","gloss":"rus: country, farm"},{"text":"bōbus","gloss":"bos: ox"},{"text":"exercet","gloss":"exerceo: exercise, train, drill, practice"},{"text":"suīs,","gloss":"suus: his, her, hers, its, their, theirs"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v7.3.m4a"},{"number":187,"id":"la.pr.C29.v7.4","source":"solūtus omnī faenore,","translation":"free from all money-lending,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"solūtus","gloss":"solvo: loosen, release, unbind, untie, free"},{"text":"omnī","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"faenore,","gloss":"faenus: interest (on capital), usury"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v7.4.m4a"},{"number":188,"id":"la.pr.C29.v7.5","source":"neque excitātur classicō mīles trucī,","translation":"and is not roused as a soldier by the harsh trumpet,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"neque","gloss":"neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"excitātur","gloss":"excito: wake up, stir up"},{"text":"classicō","gloss":"classicum: trumpeter (who summoned comitia centuriata)"},{"text":"mīles","gloss":"miles: soldier"},{"text":"trucī,","gloss":"trux: tribune"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v7.5.m4a"},{"number":189,"id":"la.pr.C29.v7.6","source":"neque horret īrātum mare,","translation":"and does not dread the angry sea,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"neque","gloss":"neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"horret","gloss":"horreo: dread, shrink from, shudder at"},{"text":"īrātum","gloss":"irascor: get/be/become angry"},{"text":"mare,","gloss":"sea"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v7.6.m4a"},{"number":190,"id":"la.pr.C29.v7.7","source":"forumque vītat et superba cīvium","translation":"and keeps away from the forum and the proud","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"forumque","gloss":"fores: gangway in a ship"},{"text":"vītat","gloss":"vito: avoid, shun"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"superba","gloss":"superbus: proud, haughty"},{"text":"cīvium","gloss":"civis: citizen"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v7.7.m4a"},{"number":191,"id":"la.pr.C29.v7.8","source":"potentiōrum līmina.","translation":"doorways of the more powerful citizens.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"potentiōrum","gloss":"potens: powerful, strong"},{"text":"līmina.","gloss":"limen: threshold, entrance"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v7.8.m4a"},{"number":192,"id":"la.pr.C29.s8.1","source":"Circā merīdiem, itinere perfectō, ad fundum nostrum pervēnimus.","translation":"About midday, the journey being over, we reached our farm.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Circā","gloss":"circo: traverse"},{"text":"merīdiem,","gloss":"meridies: midday"},{"text":"itinere","gloss":"iter: march, journey, route"},{"text":"perfectō,","gloss":"perficio: complete, finish"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"fundum","gloss":"fundus: sling"},{"text":"nostrum","gloss":"noster: our"},{"text":"pervēnimus.","gloss":"pervenio: come to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.s8.1.m4a"},{"number":193,"id":"la.pr.C29.s8.2","source":"Longē ab aliīs remōtus sōlus in valle reconditā iacēbat; vīlicus nōs excēpit et ubi vīllam intrāvimus prandium parātum nōbīs apposuit.","translation":"Far removed from the others it lay alone in a hidden valley; the bailiff received us, and when we had gone into the farmhouse he set a lunch before us that had been got ready.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Longē","gloss":"longus: long"},{"text":"ab","gloss":"from, by"},{"text":"aliīs","gloss":"alius2: another, other"},{"text":"remōtus","gloss":"removeo: move back"},{"text":"sōlus","gloss":"solus: alone, only"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"valle","gloss":"valles: valley"},{"text":"reconditā","gloss":"recondo: hide, conceal"},{"text":"iacēbat;","gloss":"jaceo: lie"},{"text":"vīlicus","gloss":"vilicus: steward, overseer of a farm"},{"text":"nōs","gloss":"nos: we"},{"text":"excēpit","gloss":"excipio: welcome, receive"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ubi","gloss":"where"},{"text":"vīllam","gloss":"villa: farm, villa"},{"text":"intrāvimus","gloss":"intro2: enter"},{"text":"prandium","gloss":"luncheon"},{"text":"parātum","gloss":"paro: prepare"},{"text":"nōbīs","gloss":"nos: we"},{"text":"apposuit.","gloss":"appono: place near, set before/on table, serve up"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.s8.2.m4a"},{"number":194,"id":"la.pr.C29.s9.1","source":"Prānsus per tōtum fundum vagābar, summā admīrātiōne affectus.","translation":"After lunch I wandered over the whole farm, filled with the greatest wonder.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Prānsus","gloss":"prandeo: eat one's morning or midday meal"},{"text":"per","gloss":"through"},{"text":"tōtum","gloss":"totus: all, the whole, entire"},{"text":"fundum","gloss":"fundus: sling"},{"text":"vagābar,","gloss":"vagor: wander"},{"text":"summā","gloss":"summus: highest, greatest"},{"text":"admīrātiōne","gloss":"admiratio: admiration, astonishment"},{"text":"affectus.","gloss":"affectus2: affection, passion, love"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.s9.1.m4a"},{"number":195,"id":"la.pr.C29.s9.2","source":"Vīlicus mihi omnia dē variīs aedificiīs, dē animālibus expōnēbat.","translation":"The bailiff explained everything to me about the various buildings and the animals.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Vīlicus","gloss":"vilicus: steward, overseer of a farm"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"omnia","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"dē","gloss":"de: down from; concerning"},{"text":"variīs","gloss":"varius: different"},{"text":"aedificiīs,","gloss":"aedificium: building, dwelling"},{"text":"dē","gloss":"de: down from; concerning"},{"text":"animālibus","gloss":"animal: animal, living thing/offspring"},{"text":"expōnēbat.","gloss":"expono: set/put forth/out"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.s9.2.m4a"},{"number":196,"id":"la.pr.C29.s9.3","source":"Tōta locī amoenitās māximē mihi cordī erat; quam bene nōs monet Iuvenālis:—","translation":"The whole pleasantness of the place was very much to my liking; how well Juvenal advises us:","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tōta","gloss":"totus: whole, all, entire, total, complete"},{"text":"locī","gloss":"locus: place, spot"},{"text":"amoenitās","gloss":"amoenitas: pleasantness, attractiveness, attraction, charm"},{"text":"māximē","gloss":"magnus: great, large"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"cordī","gloss":"cor: heart"},{"text":"erat;","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"quam","gloss":"than"},{"text":"bene","gloss":"well"},{"text":"nōs","gloss":"nos: we"},{"text":"monet","gloss":"moneo: remind, advise, warn"},{"text":"Iuvenālis:—","gloss":"Juvenalis: youth, young man/woman"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.s9.3.m4a"},{"number":197,"id":"la.pr.C29.v10.1","source":"Hortulus hīc puteusque brevis nec reste movendus","translation":"Here a little garden and a shallow well, needing no rope to draw from,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hortulus","gloss":"small/little garden"},{"text":"hīc","gloss":"hic: here"},{"text":"puteusque","gloss":"well"},{"text":"brevis","gloss":"short catalog, summary document"},{"text":"nec","gloss":"neque: neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"reste","gloss":"restis: rope, cord"},{"text":"movendus","gloss":"moveo: move, stir, agitate, affect, provoke, disturb"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v10.1.m4a"},{"number":198,"id":"la.pr.C29.v10.2","source":"in tenuēs plantās facilī diffunditur haustū.","translation":"is poured out with an easy draught over the tender plants.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"tenuēs","gloss":"tenuis: thin, fine"},{"text":"plantās","gloss":"planta: cutting, heel, young shoot detached for propagation"},{"text":"facilī","gloss":"facilis: easy"},{"text":"diffunditur","gloss":"diffundo: diffuse"},{"text":"haustū.","gloss":"haustus2: drink"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v10.2.m4a"},{"number":199,"id":"la.pr.C29.v10.3","source":"vīve bidentis amāns et cultī vīlicus hortī;","translation":"Live loving your hoe, the bailiff of your well-kept garden;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"vīve","gloss":"vivus: alive, fresh"},{"text":"bidentis","gloss":"bidens: two-pronged"},{"text":"amāns","gloss":"amo: love, like"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"cultī","gloss":"colo: strain/filter (liquid), clarify"},{"text":"vīlicus","gloss":"vilicus: steward, overseer of a farm"},{"text":"hortī;","gloss":"hortus: garden, fruit/kitchen garden"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v10.3.m4a"},{"number":200,"id":"la.pr.C29.v10.4","source":"unde epulum possīs centum dare Pȳthagorēīs.","translation":"from which you could give a feast to a hundred Pythagoreans.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"unde","gloss":"from where"},{"text":"epulum","gloss":"courses (pl.), food, dishes of food"},{"text":"possīs","gloss":"possum: be able, can"},{"text":"centum","gloss":"one hundred"},{"text":"dare","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"Pȳthagorēīs.","gloss":"Pythagorei: Pythagorei (a name)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v10.4.m4a"},{"number":201,"id":"la.pr.C29.v10.5","source":"est aliquid, quōcumque locō, quōcumque recessū","translation":"It is something, in whatever place, in whatever corner,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"aliquid,","gloss":"aliquis: anyone/anybody/anything"},{"text":"quōcumque","gloss":"quocumque: wherever, to/in any place/quarter to which/whatever, whithersoever"},{"text":"locō,","gloss":"locus: place, spot"},{"text":"quōcumque","gloss":"quocumque: wherever, to/in any place/quarter to which/whatever, whithersoever"},{"text":"recessū","gloss":"recessus2: retreat"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v10.5.m4a"},{"number":202,"id":"la.pr.C29.v10.6","source":"ūnīus sēsē dominum fēcisse lacertae.","translation":"to have made yourself the master of a single lizard.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ūnīus","gloss":"unus: one; alone"},{"text":"sēsē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"dominum","gloss":"dominus: mistress of a family, wife"},{"text":"fēcisse","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"lacertae.","gloss":"lacerta: lizard"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.v10.6.m4a"},{"number":203,"id":"la.pr.C29.s11.1","source":"Equidem certē nīl magis cupiēbam quam tōtam nostrō in fundō vītam dēgere.","translation":"For my part I certainly wanted nothing more than to spend my whole life on our farm.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Equidem","gloss":"truly, indeed"},{"text":"certē","gloss":"certus: fixed, certain, sure"},{"text":"nīl","gloss":"nihil: nothing"},{"text":"magis","gloss":"more, in a higher degree"},{"text":"cupiēbam","gloss":"cupio: wish/long/be eager for"},{"text":"quam","gloss":"than"},{"text":"tōtam","gloss":"totus: all, the whole, entire"},{"text":"nostrō","gloss":"noster: our, ours"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"fundō","gloss":"fundus: sling"},{"text":"vītam","gloss":"vita: life"},{"text":"dēgere.","gloss":"dego: spend/pass (time)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.s11.1.m4a"},{"number":204,"id":"la.pr.C29.s11.2","source":"Quam beātus mihi vidēbātur noster ‘cultī vīlicus hortī’ quī numquam ā fundō, nisi ad mortem, discessūrus esset.","translation":"How happy our 'bailiff of the well-kept garden' seemed to me, who would never leave the farm except for death.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quam","gloss":"than"},{"text":"beātus","gloss":"beatus: blessed, blissful"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"vidēbātur","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"noster","gloss":"our, ours"},{"text":"‘cultī","gloss":"colo: strain/filter (liquid), clarify"},{"text":"vīlicus","gloss":"vilicus: steward, overseer of a farm"},{"text":"hortī’","gloss":"hortus: garden, fruit/kitchen garden"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"numquam","gloss":"never"},{"text":"ā","gloss":"a: from, by, off"},{"text":"fundō,","gloss":"fundus: sling"},{"text":"nisi","gloss":"unless, if ... not"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"mortem,","gloss":"mors: death"},{"text":"discessūrus","gloss":"discedo: go/march off, depart, withdraw"},{"text":"esset.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.s11.2.m4a"},{"number":205,"id":"la.pr.C29.s11.3","source":"Sed in vītā perāctā multum errāverat, multāsque vīserat cīvitātēs.","translation":"But in his past life he had travelled much and had seen many states.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"vītā","gloss":"vita: life"},{"text":"perāctā","gloss":"perago: disturb"},{"text":"multum","gloss":"multus: much; many"},{"text":"errāverat,","gloss":"erro: wander, go astray"},{"text":"multāsque","gloss":"multus: much, many"},{"text":"vīserat","gloss":"viso: visit, go to see"},{"text":"cīvitātēs.","gloss":"civitas: citizenship; body of citizens, state"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.s11.3.m4a"},{"number":206,"id":"la.pr.C29.s11.4","source":"Multa enim mihi dē aliīs terrīs nārrāvit, id tamen quod praecipuē mihi placuit erat fābula dē gruibus quam hunc in modum mihi exposuit.","translation":"For he told me many things about other lands, but what pleased me most was the story about the cranes, which he set out to me in this way.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Multa","gloss":"multus: much; many"},{"text":"enim","gloss":"for, in fact, indeed."},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"dē","gloss":"de: down from; concerning"},{"text":"aliīs","gloss":"alius2: another, other"},{"text":"terrīs","gloss":"terra: land"},{"text":"nārrāvit,","gloss":"narro: tell, relate"},{"text":"id","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"tamen","gloss":"yet, nevertheless"},{"text":"quod","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"praecipuē","gloss":"praecipuus: before, in front of"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"placuit","gloss":"placeo: be pleasing to, please"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"fābula","gloss":"fabula: story, tale, fable"},{"text":"dē","gloss":"de: down from; concerning"},{"text":"gruibus","gloss":"grus: crane (machine)"},{"text":"quam","gloss":"than"},{"text":"hunc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"modum","gloss":"modus: measure; manner, way, mode"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"exposuit.","gloss":"expono: set/put forth/out"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.s11.4.m4a"},{"number":207,"id":"la.pr.C29.pB.1","source":"Posterō diē quid dīxit pater?","translation":"The next day, what did my father say?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Posterō","gloss":"posterus: coming after, following, next"},{"text":"diē","gloss":"dies: day"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"dīxit","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"pater?","gloss":"father"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.pB.1.m4a"},{"number":208,"id":"la.pr.C29.pB.2","source":"Cūr grātum mihi vidēbātur esse rūs?","translation":"Why did the country seem welcome to me?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"grātum","gloss":"gratus: acceptable, pleasing"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"vidēbātur","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"esse","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"rūs?","gloss":"rus: the country"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.pB.2.m4a"},{"number":209,"id":"la.pr.C29.pB.3","source":"Quālia incommoda Iuvenālis dīcit urbī inesse?","translation":"What sort of drawbacks does Juvenal say the city has?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quālia","gloss":"qualis: of what sort, what kind of"},{"text":"incommoda","gloss":"incommodum: disadvantage, inconvenience, setback, harm, detriment"},{"text":"Iuvenālis","gloss":"Juvenalis: youth, young man/woman"},{"text":"dīcit","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"urbī","gloss":"urbs: city"},{"text":"inesse?","gloss":"insum: spend, expend/employ (money/time/effort), devote"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.pB.3.m4a"},{"number":210,"id":"la.pr.C29.pB.4","source":"Quid nōbīs accidit dum per vīcōs vehimur?","translation":"What happened to us while we ride through the streets?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"nōbīs","gloss":"nos: we"},{"text":"accidit","gloss":"accido2: cut, cut into/down/up, hack, hew, fell"},{"text":"dum","gloss":"while, as long as"},{"text":"per","gloss":"through"},{"text":"vīcōs","gloss":"vicus: village"},{"text":"vehimur?","gloss":"veho: bear, carry, convey"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.pB.4.m4a"},{"number":211,"id":"la.pr.C29.pB.5","source":"Cūr dīcit Horātius rūsticōs esse beātōs?","translation":"Why does Horace say that country people are happy?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"dīcit","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"Horātius","gloss":"Horatius: Horatius"},{"text":"rūsticōs","gloss":"rusticus: country, rural"},{"text":"esse","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"beātōs?","gloss":"beatus: blessed, blissful"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.pB.5.m4a"},{"number":212,"id":"la.pr.C29.pB.6","source":"Quando ad fundum nostrum pervēnimus?","translation":"When did we reach our farm?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quando","gloss":"when (interog), at what time"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"fundum","gloss":"fundus: sling"},{"text":"nostrum","gloss":"noster: our"},{"text":"pervēnimus?","gloss":"pervenio: come to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.pB.6.m4a"},{"number":213,"id":"la.pr.C29.pB.7","source":"Quis nōs excēpit?","translation":"Who received us?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quis","gloss":"who?"},{"text":"nōs","gloss":"nos: we"},{"text":"excēpit?","gloss":"excipio: welcome, receive"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.pB.7.m4a"},{"number":214,"id":"la.pr.C29.pB.8","source":"Prānsus quid fēcī?","translation":"After lunch, what did I do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Prānsus","gloss":"prandeo: eat one's morning or midday meal"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"fēcī?","gloss":"facio: do, make"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.pB.8.m4a"},{"number":215,"id":"la.pr.C29.pB.9","source":"Cūr beātus mihi vidēbātur esse vīlicus?","translation":"Why did the bailiff seem happy to me?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"beātus","gloss":"beatus: blessed, blissful"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"vidēbātur","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"esse","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"vīlicus?","gloss":"vilicus: steward, overseer of a farm"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.pB.9.m4a"},{"number":216,"id":"la.pr.C29.pB.10","source":"Quōmodo intellēxī eum multum errāvisse?","translation":"How did I understand that he had travelled much?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quōmodo","gloss":"quomodo: how, in what way"},{"text":"intellēxī","gloss":"intellego: understand"},{"text":"eum","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"multum","gloss":"multus: much; many"},{"text":"errāvisse?","gloss":"erro: wander, go astray"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.pB.10.m4a"},{"number":217,"id":"la.pr.C29.pC.1","source":"Cūr ita nōminātur diēs fāstus?","translation":"Why is a lawful day so named?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"ita","gloss":"thus, in this way, as follows"},{"text":"nōminātur","gloss":"nomino: name, call"},{"text":"diēs","gloss":"dies: day"},{"text":"fāstus?","gloss":"fastus: not forbidden"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.pC.1.m4a"},{"number":218,"id":"la.pr.C29.pC.2","source":"Quī erant recuperātōrēs?","translation":"Who were the assessors?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"erant","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"recuperātōrēs?","gloss":"reciperator: assessor dealing w/disputes between aliens and Romans"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.pC.2.m4a"},{"number":219,"id":"la.pr.C29.pC.3","source":"Quid est sella curūlis?","translation":"What is the curule chair?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"sella","gloss":"seat (usu. no back/arms), stool, chair"},{"text":"curūlis?","gloss":"curulis: curule magistrate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.pC.3.m4a"},{"number":220,"id":"la.pr.C29.pC.4","source":"Quid est metrēta?","translation":"What is a wine jar?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"metrēta?","gloss":"metreta: Greek liquid measure"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.pC.4.m4a"},{"number":221,"id":"la.pr.C29.pC.5","source":"Quid gūtō inest?","translation":"What is in a flask?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"gūtō","gloss":"guttus: flask"},{"text":"inest?","gloss":"insum: spend, expend/employ (money/time/effort), devote"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.pC.5.m4a"},{"number":222,"id":"la.pr.C29.pC.6","source":"Quid faciēbant Rōmānī strigilibus?","translation":"What did the Romans do with scrapers?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"faciēbant","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"Rōmānī","gloss":"Romanus: Roman"},{"text":"strigilibus?","gloss":"strigilis: strigil, an instrument used to scrape the skin after the bath"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.pC.6.m4a"},{"number":223,"id":"la.pr.C29.pC.7","source":"Quid est pōmērium?","translation":"What is the city boundary?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"pōmērium?","gloss":"pomerium: boundary of town"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.pC.7.m4a"},{"number":224,"id":"la.pr.C29.pC.8","source":"Quid est faenus?","translation":"What is money-lending?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"faenus?","gloss":"interest (on capital), usury"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.pC.8.m4a"},{"number":225,"id":"la.pr.C29.pC.9","source":"Quid edēbant Pȳthagorēī?","translation":"What did the Pythagoreans eat?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"edēbant","gloss":"edo: eat/consume/devour"},{"text":"Pȳthagorēī?","gloss":"Pythagorei: Pythagorei (a name)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.pC.9.m4a"},{"number":226,"id":"la.pr.C29.pC.10","source":"Quid propriē sīgnificat lacerta?","translation":"What does lacerta properly mean?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"propriē","gloss":"proprius: day before (pridie), abb. pr"},{"text":"sīgnificat","gloss":"significo: signify, indicate, show"},{"text":"lacerta?","gloss":"lizard"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C29.pC.10.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"forīque","gloss":"gangway, row of benches, from forus"},{"word":"Iuvenālis","gloss":"youth, young man, from Juvenalis"},{"word":"incendia","gloss":"fire, conflagration, from incendium"},{"word":"lāpsūs","gloss":"gliding, sliding"},{"word":"tēctōrum","gloss":"plasterer, from tector"},{"word":"assiduōs","gloss":"constant, regular, from assiduus"},{"word":"artissimōs","gloss":"close, firm, from artus"},{"word":"armentīs","gloss":"herd, from armenta"},{"word":"cōnfertōs","gloss":"crowded, from confertus"},{"word":"cubitō","gloss":"recline, lie down"},{"word":"assere","gloss":"pole, post, from asser"},{"word":"dūrō","gloss":"hard, rough, from durus"},{"word":"tīgnum","gloss":"tree trunk, log"},{"word":"incutit","gloss":"strike on or against, from incutio"},{"word":"metrētam","gloss":"Greek liquid measure, from metreta"},{"word":"calcor","gloss":"put shoes on, furnish with, from calceo"},{"word":"clāvus","gloss":"club, cudgel"},{"word":"scinduntur","gloss":"tear, rend, from scindo"},{"word":"sartae","gloss":"make good, from sarcio"},{"word":"coruscat","gloss":"brandish, from corusco"},{"word":"serrācō","gloss":"kind of wagon"},{"word":"abiēs","gloss":"fir tree"},{"word":"pīnum","gloss":"pine, from pinus"},{"word":"nūtant","gloss":"waver, give way, from nuto"},{"word":"altē","gloss":"nourish, bring up, from alo"},{"word":"minantur","gloss":"reduce, make less, from minor"},{"word":"prōcubuit","gloss":"sink down, lie down, from procumbo"},{"word":"axis","gloss":"axle, axis"},{"word":"superest","gloss":"be over, survive, from supersum"},{"word":"obtrītum","gloss":"crush, from obtero"},{"word":"volgī","gloss":"common people, from vulgus"},{"word":"patellās","gloss":"small dish or plate, from patella"},{"word":"buccā","gloss":"jaw, mouth"},{"word":"foculum","gloss":"brazier, from foculus"},{"word":"ūnctis","gloss":"oily, greasy, from unctus"},{"word":"strīglibus","gloss":"evil spirit"},{"word":"lintea","gloss":"linen cloth, from linteum"},{"word":"gūtō","gloss":"flask, from guttus"},{"word":"variē","gloss":"different"},{"word":"taetrumque","gloss":"foul, offensive"},{"word":"novīcius","gloss":"new, fresh"},{"word":"porthmea","gloss":"ferryman"},{"word":"caenōsī","gloss":"muddy, from caenosus"},{"word":"gurgitis","gloss":"whirlpool, from gurges"},{"word":"alnum","gloss":"alder, from alnus"},{"word":"īnfēlix","gloss":"unfortunate, unhappy"},{"word":"pōmērium","gloss":"boundary of town"},{"word":"prīsca","gloss":"ancient, early, from priscus"},{"word":"faenore","gloss":"interest, usury, from faenus"},{"word":"trucī","gloss":"tribune, from trux"},{"word":"reconditā","gloss":"hide, conceal, from recondo"},{"word":"vagābar","gloss":"wander, from vagor"},{"word":"amoenitās","gloss":"pleasantness, attractiveness"},{"word":"Hortulus","gloss":"small"},{"word":"puteusque","gloss":"well"},{"word":"reste","gloss":"rope, cord, from restis"},{"word":"diffunditur","gloss":"diffuse, from diffundo"},{"word":"haustū","gloss":"drink, from haustus"},{"word":"vīve","gloss":"alive, fresh, from vivus"},{"word":"bidentis","gloss":"two-pronged, from bidens"},{"word":"epulum","gloss":"courses, food"},{"word":"centum","gloss":"one hundred"},{"word":"quōcumque","gloss":"wherever, to"},{"word":"recessū","gloss":"retreat, from recessus"},{"word":"lacertae","gloss":"lizard, from lacerta"},{"word":"gruibus","gloss":"crane, from grus"},{"word":"incommoda","gloss":"disadvantage, inconvenience, from incommodum"},{"word":"inesse","gloss":"spend, expend, from insum"},{"word":"strigilibus","gloss":"strigil, an instrument used to, from strigilis"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Dē gruibus (Puer Rōmānus 30)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":227,"id":"la.pr.C30.s1.1","source":"‘Gruēs aestīvō tempore cum calōrem Aegyptī nōn amplius ferre possint abeunt; passīsque vēlōrum in modum ālīs, rēctā viā Scythiam versus per āëra feruntur.","translation":"'Cranes in the summertime, when they can no longer bear the heat of Egypt, go away; and with their wings spread like sails they are carried through the air by a straight road towards Scythia.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"‘Gruēs","gloss":"grus: crane (machine)"},{"text":"aestīvō","gloss":"aestivo: spend/pass the summer"},{"text":"tempore","gloss":"tempus: time"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"calōrem","gloss":"calor: heat"},{"text":"Aegyptī","gloss":"Aegyptius: Egyptian"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"amplius","gloss":"amplus: great, large, spacious, wide, ample"},{"text":"ferre","gloss":"fero: bear"},{"text":"possint","gloss":"possum: be able, can"},{"text":"abeunt;","gloss":"abeo: depart, go away"},{"text":"passīsque","gloss":"raisin-wine"},{"text":"vēlōrum","gloss":"velum: sail, covering"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"modum","gloss":"modus: measure; manner, way, mode"},{"text":"ālīs,","gloss":"ala: wing"},{"text":"rēctā","gloss":"rectus: straight, direct"},{"text":"viā","gloss":"via: way, road, street"},{"text":"Scythiam","gloss":"Scythia: Scythia (a name)"},{"text":"versus","gloss":"versus3: line, verse"},{"text":"per","gloss":"through"},{"text":"āëra","gloss":"āēr: the air"},{"text":"feruntur.","gloss":"fero: carry, bear"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C30.s1.1.m4a"},{"number":228,"id":"la.pr.C30.s1.2","source":"Cum vērō parum concinna corpora vix possint lībrāre (in mediō enim graviōra, suprā sunt nimis porrēcta, et quae caudam pars tangit, levior est) necesse est (nōn secus quam nāvis quae ventīs iactātur) in āëre flūctuent.","translation":"But since their ill-balanced bodies can hardly hold themselves level (for they are heavier in the middle, too far stretched out in front, and the part that touches the tail is lighter), they must (just like a ship tossed by the winds) float unsteadily in the air.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"vērō","gloss":"vero: truly, indeed, in fact; but, however"},{"text":"parum","gloss":"too/very little, not enough/so good, insufficient"},{"text":"concinna","gloss":"concinnus: ready for use, trimmed"},{"text":"corpora","gloss":"corpus: body"},{"text":"vix","gloss":"scarcely, hardly"},{"text":"possint","gloss":"possum: be able, can"},{"text":"lībrāre","gloss":"libro: balance,swing"},{"text":"(in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"mediō","gloss":"medius: middle, middle part of"},{"text":"enim","gloss":"for, in fact, indeed."},{"text":"graviōra,","gloss":"gravis: heavy"},{"text":"suprā","gloss":"supra: on top"},{"text":"sunt","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"nimis","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"porrēcta,","gloss":"porrectum: leek"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"quae","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"caudam","gloss":"cauda: tail (animal)"},{"text":"pars","gloss":"part, region, direction"},{"text":"tangit,","gloss":"tango: touch"},{"text":"levior","gloss":"levis: light, thin, trivial, trifling, slight"},{"text":"est)","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"necesse","gloss":"necessary, essential"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"(nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"secus","gloss":"otherwise"},{"text":"quam","gloss":"than"},{"text":"nāvis","gloss":"navis: ship"},{"text":"quae","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"ventīs","gloss":"ventus: wind"},{"text":"iactātur)","gloss":"jacto: throw away, throw out, throw, jerk about"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"āëre","gloss":"copper coin"},{"text":"flūctuent.","gloss":"rise in waves, surge, swell, undulate, fluctuate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C30.s1.2.m4a"},{"number":229,"id":"la.pr.C30.s1.3","source":"Quod cum vel sēnsū vel ipsā compertum habeat experientiā, nōn prius in altum sē tollit grūs, quam lapidem ōre sūmat, quī illī et saburrae īnstar est, commodē ut volet, et salūtī nē pereat.’","translation":"And since the crane has found this out either by instinct or by experience itself, it does not raise itself on high before it takes a stone in its beak, which serves it both for ballast, so that it may fly steadily, and for safety, so that it may not die.'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quod","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"vel","gloss":"even, actually"},{"text":"sēnsū","gloss":"sensus2: thought"},{"text":"vel","gloss":"even, actually"},{"text":"ipsā","gloss":"ipse: himself, herself, itself"},{"text":"compertum","gloss":"comperio: learn/discover/find (by investigation)"},{"text":"habeat","gloss":"habeo: have, hold, consider, think, reason"},{"text":"experientiā,","gloss":"experientia: trial, experiment"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"prius","gloss":"prior: ahead, in front, leading"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"altum","gloss":"altus: high, tall, deep"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"tollit","gloss":"tollo: lift, raise"},{"text":"grūs,","gloss":"grus: crane (machine)"},{"text":"quam","gloss":"qui: who, which"},{"text":"lapidem","gloss":"lapis: stone"},{"text":"ōre","gloss":"os: mouth, speech, expression"},{"text":"sūmat,","gloss":"sumo: take up"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"illī","gloss":"ille: that; he, she, it"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"saburrae","gloss":"saburra: gravel/sand (used for ballast)"},{"text":"īnstar","gloss":"instar: image, likeness, resemblance"},{"text":"est,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"commodē","gloss":"commode: conveniently, fitly"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"volet,","gloss":"volo: wish, want, prefer"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"salūtī","gloss":"salus: health"},{"text":"nē","gloss":"ne: in order that not, that"},{"text":"pereat.’","gloss":"pereo: die, pass away"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C30.s1.3.m4a"},{"number":230,"id":"la.pr.C30.pB.1","source":"Cūr abeunt gruēs ex Aegyptō?","translation":"Why do the cranes go away from Egypt?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"abeunt","gloss":"abeo: depart, go away"},{"text":"gruēs","gloss":"grus: crane (machine)"},{"text":"ex","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"Aegyptō?","gloss":"Aegyptus: Egypt"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C30.pB.1.m4a"},{"number":231,"id":"la.pr.C30.pB.2","source":"Quōmodo per āëra vehuntur?","translation":"How are they carried through the air?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quōmodo","gloss":"quomodo: how, in what way"},{"text":"per","gloss":"through"},{"text":"āëra","gloss":"āēr: the air"},{"text":"vehuntur?","gloss":"veho: convey, carry"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C30.pB.2.m4a"},{"number":232,"id":"la.pr.C30.pB.3","source":"Cūr flūctuant in āëre?","translation":"Why do they float unsteadily in the air?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"flūctuant","gloss":"fluctuo: rise in waves, surge, swell, undulate, fluctuate"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"āëre?","gloss":"copper coin"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C30.pB.3.m4a"},{"number":233,"id":"la.pr.C30.pB.4","source":"Cūr in ōre tenent lapidem?","translation":"Why do they hold a stone in their beak?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"ōre","gloss":"os: mouth, speech, expression"},{"text":"tenent","gloss":"teneo: hold, keep"},{"text":"lapidem?","gloss":"lapis: stone"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C30.pB.4.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"calōrem","gloss":"heat, from calor"},{"word":"Aegyptī","gloss":"Egyptian, from Aegyptius"},{"word":"amplius","gloss":"great, large, from amplus"},{"word":"passīsque","gloss":"raisin-wine"},{"word":"ālīs","gloss":"wing, from ala"},{"word":"āëra","gloss":"the air, from āēr"},{"word":"concinna","gloss":"ready for use, trimmed, from concinnus"},{"word":"lībrāre","gloss":"balance, swing, from libro"},{"word":"porrēcta","gloss":"leek, from porrectum"},{"word":"caudam","gloss":"tail, from cauda"},{"word":"flūctuent","gloss":"rise in waves, surge"},{"word":"compertum","gloss":"learn, from comperio"},{"word":"experientiā","gloss":"trial, experiment"},{"word":"saburrae","gloss":"gravel, from saburra"},{"word":"commodē","gloss":"conveniently, fitly"},{"word":"Aegyptō","gloss":"Egypt, from Aegyptus"},{"word":"flūctuant","gloss":"rise in waves, surge, from fluctuo"}],"paradigms":[]}]}