{"course":{"lang":"la","language":"Latin","title":"Prīmus et Secundus Annus","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la","source":"Paine and Mainwaring, Prīmus Annus (Oxford, 1912) and Secundus Annus (1917); Appleton and Jones, Puer Rōmānus (1913); D'Ooge, Latin for Beginners (Boston, 1911); Ritchie, Fabulae Faciles (1903). Public domain. The teaching pages, the glosses and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":16,"id":"la.module.pr.36-40","title":"Capita 36–40","stage":"Puer Romanus","situation":"Pyrrhī medicus; Mārcus Atilius Rēgulus; Theātrum; Dē alcibus; Circus Māximus","outcome":"Chapters 36–40 of the reader, read whole","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/16","lines":184},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/15","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/17","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/","sections":[{"title":"Pyrrhī medicus (Puer Rōmānus 36)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"la.pr.C36.s1.1","source":"Ōlim, ut scītis omnēs, populō Rōmānō Pyrrhus, rēx Ēpīrōtārum, bellum ultrō intulit.","translation":"Once, as you all know, Pyrrhus, king of the Epirotes, made war on the Roman people of his own accord.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ōlim,","gloss":"olim: formerly, once upon a time"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"scītis","gloss":"scio: know"},{"text":"omnēs,","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"populō","gloss":"populus: people"},{"text":"Rōmānō","gloss":"Romanus: Roman"},{"text":"Pyrrhus,","gloss":"funeral pile, pyre"},{"text":"rēx","gloss":"rex: king"},{"text":"Ēpīrōtārum,","gloss":"Epirotes: Epirotes (a name)"},{"text":"bellum","gloss":"war"},{"text":"ultrō","gloss":"ultro: besides, beyond"},{"text":"intulit.","gloss":"infero: bring/carry in, import"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C36.s1.1.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"la.pr.C36.s1.2","source":"Nam cum Rōmānōs potentēs vidēret Apollinem dē bellō cōnsuluit.","translation":"For when he saw that the Romans were powerful he consulted Apollo about the war.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nam","gloss":"for"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"Rōmānōs","gloss":"Romanus: Roman"},{"text":"potentēs","gloss":"potens: powerful, strong"},{"text":"vidēret","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"Apollinem","gloss":"Apollo: Apollo"},{"text":"dē","gloss":"de: down from; concerning"},{"text":"bellō","gloss":"bellum: war"},{"text":"cōnsuluit.","gloss":"consulo: ask information/advice of"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C36.s1.2.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"la.pr.C36.s1.3","source":"Ille ambiguē respondit ‘Āiō tē Rōmānōs vincere posse’.","translation":"The god answered ambiguously, 'I say that you the Romans can conquer.'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ille","gloss":"that; he, she, it"},{"text":"ambiguē","gloss":"ambiguously, equivocally"},{"text":"respondit","gloss":"respondeo: respond, reply"},{"text":"‘Āiō","gloss":"aio: say"},{"text":"tē","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"Rōmānōs","gloss":"Romanus: Roman"},{"text":"vincere","gloss":"vinco: conquer, defeat, excel"},{"text":"posse’.","gloss":"possum: be able, can"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C36.s1.3.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"la.pr.C36.s1.4","source":"Hoc ad sē dictum ratus contrā Rōmānōs vēnit, adversus quōs variō ēventū pūgnābat.","translation":"Thinking that this was said in his own favour, he came against the Romans, and fought them with varying success.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"dictum","gloss":"words/utterance/remark"},{"text":"ratus","gloss":"reor: think, suppose"},{"text":"contrā","gloss":"contra: against, contrary to"},{"text":"Rōmānōs","gloss":"Romanus: Roman"},{"text":"vēnit,","gloss":"venio: come, go"},{"text":"adversus","gloss":"enemy/adversary/opponent (female)"},{"text":"quōs","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"variō","gloss":"varius: different"},{"text":"ēventū","gloss":"eventus: occurrence, event"},{"text":"pūgnābat.","gloss":"pugno: fight"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C36.s1.4.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"la.pr.C36.s1.5","source":"Diū dē summō imperiō inter eum et Fabricium, imperātōrem Rōmānum, erat certāmen.","translation":"For a long time there was a struggle for the supreme command between him and Fabricius, the Roman general.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Diū","gloss":"diu: for a long time, long"},{"text":"dē","gloss":"de: down from; concerning"},{"text":"summō","gloss":"summus: highest, greatest"},{"text":"imperiō","gloss":"imperium: command, chief power; empire"},{"text":"inter","gloss":"between, among"},{"text":"eum","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Fabricium,","gloss":"Fabricius: skillful"},{"text":"imperātōrem","gloss":"imperator: commander in chief, general"},{"text":"Rōmānum,","gloss":"Romanus: Roman"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"certāmen.","gloss":"certamen: struggle, contest, rivalry"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C36.s1.5.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"la.pr.C36.s1.6","source":"Perfuga quondam ab eō in castra Fabricī vēnit, eīque est pollicitus, sī praemium sibi posuisset, sē, ut clam vēnisset, sīc clam in Pyrrhī castra reditūrum, et eum venēnō necātūrum.","translation":"One day a deserter came from him into Fabricius' camp, and promised him that, if he set a reward for him, he would go back secretly into Pyrrhus' camp, as he had come secretly, and would kill him with poison.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Perfuga","gloss":"deserter"},{"text":"quondam","gloss":"formerly, once, at one time"},{"text":"ab","gloss":"from, by"},{"text":"eō","gloss":"is: he, she, it; that"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"castra","gloss":"castrum: fort; camp"},{"text":"Fabricī","gloss":"Fabricius: skillful"},{"text":"vēnit,","gloss":"venio: come, go"},{"text":"eīque","gloss":"is: he, she, it; that"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"pollicitus,","gloss":"polliceor: promise"},{"text":"sī","gloss":"si: if"},{"text":"praemium","gloss":"reward, prize"},{"text":"sibi","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"posuisset,","gloss":"pono: put, place, set"},{"text":"sē,","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"clam","gloss":"secretly, in secret, unknown to"},{"text":"vēnisset,","gloss":"venio: come"},{"text":"sīc","gloss":"sic: so, thus"},{"text":"clam","gloss":"secretly, in secret, unknown to"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"Pyrrhī","gloss":"Pyrrhus: funeral pile, pyre"},{"text":"castra","gloss":"castrum: fort; camp"},{"text":"reditūrum,","gloss":"redeo: return, go back, give back"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"eum","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"venēnō","gloss":"veneno: imbue or infect with poison"},{"text":"necātūrum.","gloss":"neco: kill/murder"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C36.s1.6.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"la.pr.C36.s1.7","source":"Hunc Fabricius redūcendum cūrāvit ad Pyrrhum; idque ēius factum laudātum ā senatū est.","translation":"Fabricius had this man taken back to Pyrrhus; and that action of his was praised by the senate.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hunc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"Fabricius","gloss":"skillful"},{"text":"redūcendum","gloss":"reduco: lead back, bring back"},{"text":"cūrāvit","gloss":"curo: arrange/see/attend to"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"Pyrrhum;","gloss":"Pyrrhus: funeral pile, pyre"},{"text":"idque","gloss":"is: he, she, it; that"},{"text":"ēius","gloss":"is: he, she, it; that"},{"text":"factum","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"laudātum","gloss":"laudo: praise"},{"text":"ā","gloss":"a: from, by, off"},{"text":"senatū","gloss":"senatus: senate"},{"text":"est.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C36.s1.7.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"la.pr.C36.s1.8","source":"Nam sī glōriae causā imperium expetendum est, scelus absit, in quō nōn potest esse glōria; sīn ipsae opēs expetuntur quōquō modō, nōn poterunt ūtilēs esse cum īnfāmiā.","translation":"For if empire is to be sought for glory's sake, let crime be far from it, in which there can be no glory; but if wealth itself is sought by any means whatever, it cannot be of use along with disgrace.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nam","gloss":"for"},{"text":"sī","gloss":"si: if"},{"text":"glōriae","gloss":"gloria: glory, fame"},{"text":"causā","gloss":"causa: cause, reason"},{"text":"imperium","gloss":"command, chief power; empire"},{"text":"expetendum","gloss":"expeto: ask for"},{"text":"est,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"scelus","gloss":"crime"},{"text":"absit,","gloss":"absum: spend, waste, squander, use up"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"quō","gloss":"qui2: who"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"potest","gloss":"possum: be able, can"},{"text":"esse","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"glōria;","gloss":"gloria: glory, fame"},{"text":"sīn","gloss":"sin: but if"},{"text":"ipsae","gloss":"ipse: himself, herself, itself"},{"text":"opēs","gloss":"ops: power, might"},{"text":"expetuntur","gloss":"expeto: ask for"},{"text":"quōquō","gloss":"quoquo: wherever, in whatever place/direction"},{"text":"modō,","gloss":"modus: measure; manner, way, mode"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"poterunt","gloss":"possum: be able, can"},{"text":"ūtilēs","gloss":"utilis: useful, profitable, practical, helpful, advantageous"},{"text":"esse","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"īnfāmiā.","gloss":"infamia: disgrace, dishonor"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C36.s1.8.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"la.pr.C36.s1.9","source":"Quod posteā Rēgulus quoque iterum arguit.","translation":"Which Regulus too proved again afterwards.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quod","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"posteā","gloss":"postea: afterwards"},{"text":"Rēgulus","gloss":"regulus: ruler, straight edge (drawing)"},{"text":"quoque","gloss":"also; after"},{"text":"iterum","gloss":"again"},{"text":"arguit.","gloss":"arguo: prove, argue, allege"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C36.s1.9.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"la.pr.C36.pB.1","source":"Cūr grātiās advenae ēgī?","translation":"Why did I thank the stranger?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"grātiās","gloss":"gratia: thanks, gratitude"},{"text":"advenae","gloss":"advena: foreigner, immigrant, visitor from abroad"},{"text":"ēgī?","gloss":"ago: drive; do, act"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C36.pB.1.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"la.pr.C36.pB.2","source":"Cūr omnēs postrīdiē convēnimus?","translation":"Why did we all gather the next day?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"omnēs","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"postrīdiē","gloss":"postridie: on the next day"},{"text":"convēnimus?","gloss":"convenio: be appropriate to, fit, be correctly shaped/consistent"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C36.pB.2.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"la.pr.C36.pB.3","source":"Quae cum vīdisset quid dīxit Sulpicius?","translation":"When he had seen this, what did Sulpicius say?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quae","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"vīdisset","gloss":"video: see, look at"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"dīxit","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"Sulpicius?","gloss":"Sulpician"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C36.pB.3.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"la.pr.C36.pB.4","source":"Cuī quid respondit frāter meus?","translation":"And what did my brother answer him?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cuī","gloss":"qui: who, which"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"respondit","gloss":"respondeo: respond, reply"},{"text":"frāter","gloss":"frater: brother"},{"text":"meus?","gloss":"my, mine"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C36.pB.4.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"la.pr.C36.pB.5","source":"Quid ōlim fēcit Pyrrhus?","translation":"What did Pyrrhus once do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"ōlim","gloss":"olim: formerly, once upon a time"},{"text":"fēcit","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"Pyrrhus?","gloss":"funeral pile, pyre"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C36.pB.5.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"la.pr.C36.pB.6","source":"Cūr Apollinem cōnsuluit?","translation":"Why did he consult Apollo?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"Apollinem","gloss":"Apollo: Apollo"},{"text":"cōnsuluit?","gloss":"consulo: ask information/advice of"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C36.pB.6.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"la.pr.C36.pB.7","source":"Quid respondit Apollō?","translation":"What did Apollo answer?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"respondit","gloss":"respondeo: respond, reply"},{"text":"Apollō?","gloss":"Apollo: Apollo"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C36.pB.7.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"la.pr.C36.pB.8","source":"Quō respōnsō audītō quid fēcit Pyrrhus?","translation":"When he had heard this answer, what did Pyrrhus do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quō","gloss":"qui2: who"},{"text":"respōnsō","gloss":"responsum: answer, response"},{"text":"audītō","gloss":"audio: hear, listen to"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"fēcit","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"Pyrrhus?","gloss":"funeral pile, pyre"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C36.pB.8.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"la.pr.C36.pB.9","source":"Inter quōs erat dē summō imperiō certāmen?","translation":"Between whom was there a struggle for the supreme command?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Inter","gloss":"between, among"},{"text":"quōs","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"dē","gloss":"de: down from; concerning"},{"text":"summō","gloss":"summus: highest, greatest"},{"text":"imperiō","gloss":"imperium: command, chief power; empire"},{"text":"certāmen?","gloss":"certamen: struggle, contest, rivalry"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C36.pB.9.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"la.pr.C36.pB.10","source":"Quid prōmīsit perfuga?","translation":"What did the deserter promise?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"prōmīsit","gloss":"promitto: promise"},{"text":"perfuga?","gloss":"deserter"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C36.pB.10.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"Pyrrhus","gloss":"funeral pile, pyre"},{"word":"cōnsuluit","gloss":"ask information, from consulo"},{"word":"ambiguē","gloss":"ambiguously, equivocally"},{"word":"ēventū","gloss":"occurrence, event, from eventus"},{"word":"Fabricium","gloss":"skillful, from Fabricius"},{"word":"certāmen","gloss":"struggle, contest"},{"word":"Perfuga","gloss":"deserter"},{"word":"pollicitus","gloss":"promise, from polliceor"},{"word":"expetendum","gloss":"ask for, from expeto"},{"word":"sīn","gloss":"but if"},{"word":"quōquō","gloss":"wherever, in whatever place"},{"word":"īnfāmiā","gloss":"disgrace, dishonor"},{"word":"arguit","gloss":"prove, argue, from arguo"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Mārcus Atilius Rēgulus (Puer Rōmānus 37)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":20,"id":"la.pr.C37.s1.1","source":"Hic erat vir ēgregiā virtūte quī prīmō Carthāginiēnsēs plūribus proeliīs vīcit, tandem tamen ab iīs duce Xanthippō Lacedaemoniō victus captusque, Rōmam mīssus est, dē captīvīs commūtandīs āctūrus, fidē datā, sē, sī nihil perfēcisset, reditūrum.","translation":"This was a man of outstanding courage who at first beat the Carthaginians in several battles, but was at last beaten and taken by them under the leadership of Xanthippus the Spartan, and was sent to Rome to treat about an exchange of prisoners, having given his word that he would come back if he achieved nothing.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hic","gloss":"this"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"vir","gloss":"man, hero"},{"text":"ēgregiā","gloss":"egregius: singular"},{"text":"virtūte","gloss":"virtus: manliness, courage"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"prīmō","gloss":"primus: first"},{"text":"Carthāginiēnsēs","gloss":"Carthaginiensis: of/belonging to Carthage, Carthaginian"},{"text":"plūribus","gloss":"multus: much; many"},{"text":"proeliīs","gloss":"proelium: battle"},{"text":"vīcit,","gloss":"vinco: conquer"},{"text":"tandem","gloss":"at length, finally"},{"text":"tamen","gloss":"yet, nevertheless"},{"text":"ab","gloss":"from, by"},{"text":"iīs","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"duce","gloss":"dux: leader"},{"text":"Xanthippō","gloss":"Xanthippus: Xanthippus (a name)"},{"text":"Lacedaemoniō","gloss":"Lacedaemonius: Lacedaemonius (a name)"},{"text":"victus","gloss":"vinco: conquer"},{"text":"captusque,","gloss":"captus: catch"},{"text":"Rōmam","gloss":"Roma: Rome"},{"text":"mīssus","gloss":"mitto: send, throw, hurl, cast"},{"text":"est,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"dē","gloss":"de: down from; concerning"},{"text":"captīvīs","gloss":"captivus: captive, prisoner"},{"text":"commūtandīs","gloss":"commuto: change"},{"text":"āctūrus,","gloss":"ago: drive; do, act"},{"text":"fidē","gloss":"fides: faith, trust; promise, word; protection"},{"text":"datā,","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"sē,","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"sī","gloss":"si: if"},{"text":"nihil","gloss":"nothing"},{"text":"perfēcisset,","gloss":"perficio: complete, finish"},{"text":"reditūrum.","gloss":"redeo: return, go back, give back"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.s1.1.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"la.pr.C37.s1.2","source":"Ille Rōmam cum vēnisset, in senātum indūctus, Rōmānīs persuāsit nē pāx cum Poenīs fieret; illōs enim frāctōs tot cāsibus spem nūllam habēre; sē tantī nōn esse, ut tot mīlia captīvōrum propter ūnum sē et senem, et paucōs, quī ex Rōmānīs captī essent, redderentur.","translation":"When he had come to Rome and had been brought into the senate, he persuaded the Romans not to make peace with the Carthaginians; for they, he said, were broken by so many disasters and had no hope; and he himself was not worth so much that so many thousands of prisoners should be given back for one old man like himself and for the few Romans who had been taken.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ille","gloss":"that; he, she, it"},{"text":"Rōmam","gloss":"Roma: Rome"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"vēnisset,","gloss":"venio: come"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"senātum","gloss":"senatus: senate"},{"text":"indūctus,","gloss":"induco: lead in, bring in (performers)"},{"text":"Rōmānīs","gloss":"Romanus: Roman"},{"text":"persuāsit","gloss":"persuadeo: persuade, advise"},{"text":"nē","gloss":"ne: in order that not, that"},{"text":"pāx","gloss":"pax: peace"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"Poenīs","gloss":"Poeni: penalty, punishment"},{"text":"fieret;","gloss":"fio: become, be made"},{"text":"illōs","gloss":"ille: that"},{"text":"enim","gloss":"for, in fact, indeed."},{"text":"frāctōs","gloss":"frango: break, shatter, crush"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"so many"},{"text":"cāsibus","gloss":"casus: cottage/small humble dwelling, hut/hovel"},{"text":"spem","gloss":"spes: hope"},{"text":"nūllam","gloss":"nullus: no, none"},{"text":"habēre;","gloss":"habeo: have, hold; regard, consider, deem"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"tantī","gloss":"tantus: of such size"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"esse,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"so many"},{"text":"mīlia","gloss":"mille: thousand"},{"text":"captīvōrum","gloss":"captivus: captive, prisoner"},{"text":"propter","gloss":"on account of, because of"},{"text":"ūnum","gloss":"unus: one; alone"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"senem,","gloss":"senex: old man"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"paucōs,","gloss":"pauci: few, only a few"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"ex","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"Rōmānīs","gloss":"Romanus: Roman"},{"text":"captī","gloss":"capio: take, seize, capture"},{"text":"essent,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"redderentur.","gloss":"reddo: return"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.s1.2.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"la.pr.C37.s1.3","source":"Senātūs cōnsultō hanc in sententiam factō, ipse Carthāginem rediit; suādentibusque Rōmānīs ut Rōmae manēret, negāvit sē in eā urbe mānsūrum, in quā postquam Āfrīs servisset, dīgnitātem honestī cīvis habēre nōn posset.","translation":"When the senate's decree had been made to this effect, he himself went back to Carthage; and when the Romans urged him to stay at Rome, he refused to stay in the city in which, after serving the Africans, he could not keep the standing of an honourable citizen.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Senātūs","gloss":"senatus: senate"},{"text":"cōnsultō","gloss":"consultum: lawyer, jurist"},{"text":"hanc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"sententiam","gloss":"sententia: opinion, feeling, way of thinking"},{"text":"factō,","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"ipse","gloss":"self; even, very"},{"text":"Carthāginem","gloss":"Carthago: Carthage"},{"text":"rediit;","gloss":"redeo: go back, return"},{"text":"suādentibusque","gloss":"persuasion"},{"text":"Rōmānīs","gloss":"Romanus: Roman"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"Rōmae","gloss":"Roma: Rome"},{"text":"manēret,","gloss":"maneo: MENE"},{"text":"negāvit","gloss":"nego: deny, refuse"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"eā","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"urbe","gloss":"urbs: city"},{"text":"mānsūrum,","gloss":"maneo: MENE"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"quā","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"postquam","gloss":"after, as soon as"},{"text":"Āfrīs","gloss":"Āfrīs (a name)"},{"text":"servisset,","gloss":"servio: serve"},{"text":"dīgnitātem","gloss":"dignitas: worth, excellence"},{"text":"honestī","gloss":"honestus: distinguished, reputable, respected, honorable, upright, honest"},{"text":"cīvis","gloss":"civis: citizen"},{"text":"habēre","gloss":"habeo: have, hold; regard, consider, deem"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"posset.","gloss":"possum: be able, can"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.s1.3.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"la.pr.C37.s1.4","source":"Regrēssus igitur ad Āfricam exquīsītissimīs suppliciīs interfectus est.","translation":"So when he had gone back to Africa he was put to death with the most elaborate tortures.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Regrēssus","gloss":"regredior: go back, return, retreat"},{"text":"igitur","gloss":"therefore, then"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"Āfricam","gloss":"Africanus: African"},{"text":"exquīsītissimīs","gloss":"sought out, exquisite, excellent"},{"text":"suppliciīs","gloss":"supplicium: punishment, suffering"},{"text":"interfectus","gloss":"interficio: kill"},{"text":"est.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.s1.4.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"la.pr.C37.s1.5","source":"Sed quam praeclāram fāmam sibi parābat!","translation":"But what a splendid fame he was winning for himself!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"quam","gloss":"qui: who, which"},{"text":"praeclāram","gloss":"praeclarus: very clear"},{"text":"fāmam","gloss":"fama: rumor; reputation, fame"},{"text":"sibi","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"parābat!","gloss":"paro: prepare for, prepare; provide, procure"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.s1.5.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"la.pr.C37.s1.6","source":"Audīte enim id quod dīcit Horātius.","translation":"Listen to what Horace says.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Audīte","gloss":"audio: hear, listen to"},{"text":"enim","gloss":"for, in fact, indeed."},{"text":"id","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"quod","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"dīcit","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"Horātius.","gloss":"Horatius: Horatius"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.s1.6.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.1","source":"Hoc cāverat mēns prōvida Rēgulī","translation":"This the far-seeing mind of Regulus had foreseen","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"cāverat","gloss":"caveo: beware, avoid, take precautions/defensive action"},{"text":"mēns","gloss":"mens: mind"},{"text":"prōvida","gloss":"providus: prophetic"},{"text":"Rēgulī","gloss":"Regulus: ruler, straight edge (drawing)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.1.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.2","source":"dissentientis condiciōnibus","translation":"as he refused the shameful","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"dissentientis","gloss":"dissentio: dissent, disagree"},{"text":"condiciōnibus","gloss":"condicio: agreement/contract"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.2.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.3","source":"foedīs, et exemplō trahentis","translation":"terms, and by his example drew","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"foedīs,","gloss":"foedus: foul"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"exemplō","gloss":"exemplo: adduce/serve as example/model/pattern"},{"text":"trahentis","gloss":"traho: draw, drag, haul"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.3.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.4","source":"perniciem veniēns in aevum,","translation":"ruin on the age to come,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"perniciem","gloss":"pernicies: ruin"},{"text":"veniēns","gloss":"venio: come"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"aevum,","gloss":"time, time of life, age, old age, generation"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.4.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.5","source":"sī nōn perīret immiserābilis","translation":"if the captive youth were not to perish","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"sī","gloss":"si: if"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"perīret","gloss":"pereo: die, pass away"},{"text":"immiserābilis","gloss":"immiserabilis: unpitied"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.5.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.6","source":"captīva pūbēs. ‘Sīgna ego Pūnicīs","translation":"unpitied. 'I have seen the standards","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"captīva","gloss":"captiva: prisoner (female), captive"},{"text":"pūbēs.","gloss":"pubes: adult, grown-up"},{"text":"‘Sīgna","gloss":"signum: battle standard"},{"text":"ego","gloss":"I"},{"text":"Pūnicīs","gloss":"Punicus: Carthaginian, Punic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.6.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.7","source":"adfīxa dēlūbrīs et arma","translation":"fixed up in Punic shrines, and arms","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"adfīxa","gloss":"adfixa: fixtures (pl.) pertaining thereto"},{"text":"dēlūbrīs","gloss":"delubrum: shrine"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"arma","gloss":"arms"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.7.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.8","source":"mīlitibus sine caede,’ dīxit,","translation":"taken from our soldiers without bloodshed,' he said,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"mīlitibus","gloss":"miles: soldier"},{"text":"sine","gloss":"without"},{"text":"caede,’","gloss":"caedes: slaughter"},{"text":"dīxit,","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.8.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.9","source":"‘dērepta vīdī; vīdī ego cīvium","translation":"'I have seen the arms of citizens","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"‘dērepta","gloss":"deripio: seize/grab/snatch/take away"},{"text":"vīdī;","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"vīdī","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"ego","gloss":"I"},{"text":"cīvium","gloss":"civis: citizen"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.9.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.10","source":"retorta tergō bracchia līberō","translation":"twisted back behind free shoulders","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"retorta","gloss":"retorqueo: twist back"},{"text":"tergō","gloss":"tergum: back"},{"text":"bracchia","gloss":"bracchium: forearm, arm"},{"text":"līberō","gloss":"libero: free"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.10.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.11","source":"portāsque nōn clausās, et arva","translation":"and gates unclosed, and fields","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"portāsque","gloss":"porta: gate, entrance"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"clausās,","gloss":"claudo: limp, stumble/falter/hesitate"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"arva","gloss":"arable land, plowed field"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.11.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.12","source":"Mārte colī populāta nostrō.","translation":"laid waste by our own war being tilled.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mārte","gloss":"Mars: Mars, Roman god of war"},{"text":"colī","gloss":"colo: strain/filter (liquid), clarify"},{"text":"populāta","gloss":"populo: ravage, devastate, lay waste"},{"text":"nostrō.","gloss":"noster: our, ours"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.12.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.13","source":"Aurō repēnsus scīlicet ācrior","translation":"Bought back with gold the soldier will return","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Aurō","gloss":"aurum: gold"},{"text":"repēnsus","gloss":"rependo: weigh/balance (against)"},{"text":"scīlicet","gloss":"scilicet: of course"},{"text":"ācrior","gloss":"acer2: without wax"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.13.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.14","source":"mīles redībit. Flāgitiō additis","translation":"keener, no doubt. You are adding loss","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"mīles","gloss":"miles: soldier"},{"text":"redībit.","gloss":"return, go back, give back"},{"text":"Flāgitiō","gloss":"flagitium: shame, disgrace"},{"text":"additis","gloss":"addo: add, insert, bring/attach to, say in addition"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.14.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.15","source":"damnum; neque āmīssōs colōrēs","translation":"to shame; nor does wool once dyed","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"damnum;","gloss":"financial/property/physical loss/damage/injury"},{"text":"neque","gloss":"neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"āmīssōs","gloss":"amitto: lose"},{"text":"colōrēs","gloss":"color: color"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.15.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.16","source":"lāna refert medicāta fūcō,","translation":"bring back the colours it has lost,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"lāna","gloss":"lana: wool"},{"text":"refert","gloss":"refero: bring/carry back/again/home"},{"text":"medicāta","gloss":"medico: heal, cure"},{"text":"fūcō,","gloss":"fucus: dye"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.16.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.17","source":"nec vēra virtus, cum semel excidit,","translation":"nor does true courage, once it has fallen away,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"nec","gloss":"neque: neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"vēra","gloss":"verum: wether (castrated male sheep)"},{"text":"virtus,","gloss":"strength/power"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"semel","gloss":"one"},{"text":"excidit,","gloss":"excido: cut out/off/down"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.17.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.18","source":"cūrat repōnī dēteriōribus.","translation":"care to be restored to the worse sort.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"cūrat","gloss":"curo: care for, attend to, look after"},{"text":"repōnī","gloss":"repono: put back"},{"text":"dēteriōribus.","gloss":"deterior: low/bad/inferior"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.18.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.19","source":"Sī pūgnat extrīcāta dēnsīs","translation":"If a doe fights when she has been freed","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sī","gloss":"si: if"},{"text":"pūgnat","gloss":"pugno: fight"},{"text":"extrīcāta","gloss":"extrico: disentangle, extricate, free"},{"text":"dēnsīs","gloss":"densus: thick/dense/solid"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.19.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.20","source":"cerva plagīs, erit ille fortis","translation":"from the thick nets, then he will be brave","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"cerva","gloss":"doe, hind"},{"text":"plagīs,","gloss":"plaga2: stroke/blow/stripe/cut/thrust"},{"text":"erit","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"ille","gloss":"that; he, she, it"},{"text":"fortis","gloss":"brave"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.20.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.21","source":"quī perfidīs sē crēdidit hostibus,","translation":"who has trusted himself to treacherous enemies,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"perfidīs","gloss":"perfidus: faithless, treacherous, false, deceitful"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"crēdidit","gloss":"credo: trust, entrust"},{"text":"hostibus,","gloss":"hostis: enemy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.21.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.22","source":"et Mārte Poenōs prōteret alterō,","translation":"and he will crush the Carthaginians in a second war","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Mārte","gloss":"Mars: Mars, Roman god of war"},{"text":"Poenōs","gloss":"Poeni: penalty, punishment"},{"text":"prōteret","gloss":"protero: crush, tread under foot"},{"text":"alterō,","gloss":"alter: the other (of two)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.22.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.23","source":"quī lōra restrīctīs lacertīs","translation":"who, helpless, has felt the thongs","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"lōra","gloss":"lorum: leather strap, thong"},{"text":"restrīctīs","gloss":"restringo: draw tight"},{"text":"lacertīs","gloss":"lacerta: lizard"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.23.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.24","source":"sēnsit iners timuitque mortem.","translation":"on his bound arms and has feared death.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"sēnsit","gloss":"sentio: perceive, feel, experience"},{"text":"iners","gloss":"helpless, weak, inactive, inert, sluggish, stagnant"},{"text":"timuitque","gloss":"timeo: fear, dread, be afraid (ne + SUB = lest"},{"text":"mortem.","gloss":"mors: death"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.24.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.25","source":"Hic, unde vītam sūmeret īnscius,","translation":"This man, not knowing how to keep his life,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hic,","gloss":"this"},{"text":"unde","gloss":"from where"},{"text":"vītam","gloss":"vita: life"},{"text":"sūmeret","gloss":"sumo: take up"},{"text":"īnscius,","gloss":"inscius: not knowing, ignorant"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.25.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.26","source":"pācem duellō mīscuit. Ō pudor!","translation":"has mixed peace with war. Oh the shame!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"pācem","gloss":"pax: peace"},{"text":"duellō","gloss":"bellum: beast, wild animal (incl. sea creature)"},{"text":"mīscuit.","gloss":"misceo: mix, mingle"},{"text":"Ō","gloss":"O! (in address)"},{"text":"pudor!","gloss":"decency, shame"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.26.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.27","source":"Ō māgna Carthāgō, probrōsīs","translation":"Oh mighty Carthage, raised the higher","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ō","gloss":"O! (in address)"},{"text":"māgna","gloss":"magnus: great, large"},{"text":"Carthāgō,","gloss":"Carthago: Carthage"},{"text":"probrōsīs","gloss":"probrosus: shameful"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.27.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.28","source":"altior Ītaliae ruīnīs!’","translation":"on the disgraceful ruins of Italy!'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"altior","gloss":"altus: high, tall, deep"},{"text":"Ītaliae","gloss":"Italia: Italy"},{"text":"ruīnīs!’","gloss":"ruina: fall"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.28.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.29","source":"Fertur pudīcae cōniugis ōsculum","translation":"They say that he put from him the kiss of his chaste wife","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Fertur","gloss":"fero: carry, bear"},{"text":"pudīcae","gloss":"pudicus: chaste, modest"},{"text":"cōniugis","gloss":"conjunx: spouse/mate/consort"},{"text":"ōsculum","gloss":"osculum: kiss"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.29.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.30","source":"parvōsque nātōs ut capitis minor","translation":"and his little children, as a man who had lost his rights,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"parvōsque","gloss":"parvus: small, little, cheap"},{"text":"nātōs","gloss":"natus: born, arisen"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"capitis","gloss":"caput: head"},{"text":"minor","gloss":"parvus: small, little, cheap"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.30.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.31","source":"ab sē remōvisse et virīlem","translation":"and grimly set his manly","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ab","gloss":"from, by"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"remōvisse","gloss":"removeo: move back"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"virīlem","gloss":"virilis: manly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.31.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.32","source":"torvus humī posuisse vultum,","translation":"face on the ground,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"torvus","gloss":"pitiless/grim"},{"text":"humī","gloss":"humus: ground, soil, earth, land, country"},{"text":"posuisse","gloss":"pono: put, place, set"},{"text":"vultum,","gloss":"vultus: face, expression"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.32.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.33","source":"dōnec labantēs cōnsiliō patrēs","translation":"until by counsel never given at any other time","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"dōnec","gloss":"donec: while, as long as, until"},{"text":"labantēs","gloss":"labo: totter, be ready to fall"},{"text":"cōnsiliō","gloss":"consilium: plan"},{"text":"patrēs","gloss":"pater: bowl"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.33.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.34","source":"fīrmāret auctor numquam aliās datō,","translation":"he strengthened the wavering senators as their adviser,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"fīrmāret","gloss":"firmo: strengthen, harden"},{"text":"auctor","gloss":"seller, vendor"},{"text":"numquam","gloss":"never"},{"text":"aliās","gloss":"alius2: another, other"},{"text":"datō,","gloss":"do: give"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.34.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.35","source":"interque maerentēs amīcōs","translation":"and amid his grieving friends","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"interque","gloss":"inter: between, among"},{"text":"maerentēs","gloss":"maereo: grieve, be sad, mourn"},{"text":"amīcōs","gloss":"amicus: friend"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.35.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.36","source":"ēgregius properāret exsul.","translation":"hurried away, a glorious exile.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ēgregius","gloss":"egregius: singular"},{"text":"properāret","gloss":"propero: hurry, speed up"},{"text":"exsul.","gloss":"exile (M/F), banished person"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.36.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.37","source":"atquī sciēbat quae sibi barbarus","translation":"And yet he knew what the barbarian","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"atquī","gloss":"atqui: but, yet, notwithstanding, however, rather, well/but now"},{"text":"sciēbat","gloss":"scio: know, understand"},{"text":"quae","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"sibi","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"barbarus","gloss":"foreign, of/used by/typical of foreigners"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.37.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.38","source":"tortor parāret; nōn aliter tamen","translation":"torturer was preparing for him; all the same","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"tortor","gloss":"torturer"},{"text":"parāret;","gloss":"paro: prepare for, prepare; provide, procure"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"aliter","gloss":"otherwise, differently"},{"text":"tamen","gloss":"yet, nevertheless"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.38.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.39","source":"dīmōvit obstantēs propinquōs","translation":"he pushed aside the kinsmen who stood in his way","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"dīmōvit","gloss":"put/set aside, dismiss, divert"},{"text":"obstantēs","gloss":"obsto: oppose, hinder"},{"text":"propinquōs","gloss":"propinquus: near, neighboring"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.39.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.40","source":"et populum reditūs morantem,","translation":"and the people who delayed his return,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"populum","gloss":"populus: people"},{"text":"reditūs","gloss":"reditus: return, going back"},{"text":"morantem,","gloss":"moror: delay"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.40.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.41","source":"quam sī clientum longa negōtia,","translation":"just as if he were leaving the long business of his clients,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"quam","gloss":"than"},{"text":"sī","gloss":"si: if"},{"text":"clientum","gloss":"cliens: customer (modern sense)"},{"text":"longa","gloss":"longus: long"},{"text":"negōtia,","gloss":"negotium: business, task; trouble"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.41.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.42","source":"dīiūdicātā līte, relinqueret,","translation":"a lawsuit settled,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"dīiūdicātā","gloss":"dijudico: decide, settle (conflict)"},{"text":"līte,","gloss":"lis: lawsuit"},{"text":"relinqueret,","gloss":"relinquo: leave behind, abandon"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.42.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.43","source":"tendēns Venāfrānōs in agrōs","translation":"and making for the fields of Venafrum","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"tendēns","gloss":"tendo: stretch/spread/extend"},{"text":"Venāfrānōs","gloss":"Venafranus: Venafranus (a name)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"agrōs","gloss":"ager: field"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.43.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"la.pr.C37.v2.44","source":"aut Lacedaemonium Tarentum.","translation":"or Spartan Tarentum.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"aut","gloss":"or"},{"text":"Lacedaemonium","gloss":"Lacedaemonii: basin/tank/tub"},{"text":"Tarentum.","gloss":"Tarentum (a name)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.v2.44.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"la.pr.C37.pB1.1","source":"Quālis erat M. Atilius Rēgulus?","translation":"What was Marcus Atilius Regulus like?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quālis","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"M.","gloss":"M (a name)"},{"text":"Atilius","gloss":"Atilius (a name)"},{"text":"Rēgulus?","gloss":"regulus: ruler, straight edge (drawing)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.pB1.1.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"la.pr.C37.pB1.2","source":"Contrā quōs pūgnāvit?","translation":"Against whom did he fight?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Contrā","gloss":"contra: against, contrary to"},{"text":"quōs","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"pūgnāvit?","gloss":"pugno: fight"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.pB1.2.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"la.pr.C37.pB1.3","source":"Ā quō victus est?","translation":"By whom was he beaten?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ā","gloss":"a: from, by, off"},{"text":"quō","gloss":"qui2: who"},{"text":"victus","gloss":"vinco: conquer"},{"text":"est?","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.pB1.3.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"la.pr.C37.pB1.4","source":"Cūr Rōmam mīssus est?","translation":"Why was he sent to Rome?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"Rōmam","gloss":"Roma: Rome"},{"text":"mīssus","gloss":"mitto: send, throw, hurl, cast"},{"text":"est?","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.pB1.4.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"la.pr.C37.pB1.5","source":"Quid prōmīsit sē factūrum esse sī nihil perfēcisset?","translation":"What did he promise to do if he achieved nothing?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"prōmīsit","gloss":"promitto: promise"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"factūrum","gloss":"facio: do, make"},{"text":"esse","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"sī","gloss":"si: if"},{"text":"nihil","gloss":"nothing"},{"text":"perfēcisset?","gloss":"perficio: complete, finish"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.pB1.5.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"la.pr.C37.pB1.6","source":"Quid Rōmānīs persuāsit?","translation":"What did he persuade the Romans to do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"Rōmānīs","gloss":"Romanus: Roman"},{"text":"persuāsit?","gloss":"persuadeo: persuade, advise"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.pB1.6.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"la.pr.C37.pB1.7","source":"Quid dē Carthāginiēnsibus dīxit?","translation":"What did he say about the Carthaginians?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"dē","gloss":"de: down from; concerning"},{"text":"Carthāginiēnsibus","gloss":"Carthaginiensis: of/belonging to Carthage, Carthaginian"},{"text":"dīxit?","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.pB1.7.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"la.pr.C37.pB1.8","source":"Quid dē sē ipsō?","translation":"What about himself?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"dē","gloss":"de: down from; concerning"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"ipsō?","gloss":"ipse: self; even, very"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.pB1.8.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"la.pr.C37.pB1.9","source":"Quid eī cōnātī sunt Rōmānī suādēre?","translation":"What did the Romans try to urge him to do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"eī","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"cōnātī","gloss":"conor: attempt, try"},{"text":"sunt","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Rōmānī","gloss":"Romanus: Roman"},{"text":"suādēre?","gloss":"suadeo: urge, recommend"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.pB1.9.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"la.pr.C37.pB1.10","source":"Quid respondit? Quid posteā eī accidit?","translation":"What did he answer? What happened to him afterwards?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"respondit?","gloss":"respondeo: respond, reply"},{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"posteā","gloss":"postea: afterwards"},{"text":"eī","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"accidit?","gloss":"accido2: cut, cut into/down/up, hack, hew, fell"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.pB1.10.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"la.pr.C37.pB2.1","source":"Cūr dissēnsit Rēgulus condiciōnibus?","translation":"Why did Regulus refuse the terms?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"dissēnsit","gloss":"dissentio: dissent, disagree"},{"text":"Rēgulus","gloss":"regulus: ruler, straight edge (drawing)"},{"text":"condiciōnibus?","gloss":"condicio: agreement/contract"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.pB2.1.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"la.pr.C37.pB2.2","source":"Quid dīxit sē vīdisse in dēlūbrīs Pūnicīs?","translation":"What did he say he had seen in the Punic shrines?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"dīxit","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"vīdisse","gloss":"video: see, look at"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"dēlūbrīs","gloss":"delubrum: shrine"},{"text":"Pūnicīs?","gloss":"Punicus: Carthaginian, Punic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.pB2.2.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"la.pr.C37.pB2.3","source":"Quando erit ille fortis quī sē hostibus perfidīs crēdidit?","translation":"When will the man who has trusted himself to treacherous enemies be brave?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quando","gloss":"when (interog), at what time"},{"text":"erit","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"ille","gloss":"that; he, she, it"},{"text":"fortis","gloss":"brave"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"hostibus","gloss":"hostis: enemy"},{"text":"perfidīs","gloss":"perfidus: faithless, treacherous, false, deceitful"},{"text":"crēdidit?","gloss":"credo: trust, entrust"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.pB2.3.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"la.pr.C37.pB2.4","source":"Cūr ab sē nātōs parvōs remōvit Rēgulus?","translation":"Why did Regulus put his little children from him?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"ab","gloss":"from, by"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"nātōs","gloss":"natus: born, arisen"},{"text":"parvōs","gloss":"parvus: small, little, cheap"},{"text":"remōvit","gloss":"removeo: move back"},{"text":"Rēgulus?","gloss":"regulus: ruler, straight edge (drawing)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.pB2.4.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"la.pr.C37.pB2.5","source":"Cum ut exsul properāret Carthāginem quid sciēbat?","translation":"When he hurried to Carthage as an exile, what did he know?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"exsul","gloss":"exile (M/F), banished person"},{"text":"properāret","gloss":"propero: hurry, speed up"},{"text":"Carthāginem","gloss":"Carthago: Carthage"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"sciēbat?","gloss":"scio: know, understand"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.pB2.5.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"la.pr.C37.pC.1","source":"Quid est fūcus?","translation":"What is dye?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"fūcus?","gloss":"fucus: dye"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.pC.1.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"la.pr.C37.pC.2","source":"Quibus rēbus cervās capimus?","translation":"With what things do we catch does?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quibus","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"rēbus","gloss":"res: thing, matter"},{"text":"cervās","gloss":"cerva: doe, hind"},{"text":"capimus?","gloss":"capio: take hold, seize"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.pC.2.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"la.pr.C37.pC.3","source":"Quid facit tortor?","translation":"What does a torturer do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"facit","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"tortor?","gloss":"torturer"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.pC.3.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"la.pr.C37.pC.4","source":"Quae sunt clientum negōtia?","translation":"What is the business of clients?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quae","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"sunt","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"clientum","gloss":"cliens: customer (modern sense)"},{"text":"negōtia?","gloss":"negotium: business, task; trouble"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.pC.4.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"la.pr.C37.pC.5","source":"Quis lītem dīiūdicat?","translation":"Who settles a lawsuit?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quis","gloss":"who?"},{"text":"lītem","gloss":"lis: lawsuit"},{"text":"dīiūdicat?","gloss":"dijudico: decide, settle (conflict)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C37.pC.5.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"commūtandīs","gloss":"change, from commuto"},{"word":"indūctus","gloss":"lead in, bring in, from induco"},{"word":"cāsibus","gloss":"cottage, hut, from casus"},{"word":"cōnsultō","gloss":"lawyer, jurist, from consultum"},{"word":"suādentibusque","gloss":"persuasion"},{"word":"exquīsītissimīs","gloss":"sought out, exquisite"},{"word":"suppliciīs","gloss":"punishment, suffering, from supplicium"},{"word":"prōvida","gloss":"prophetic, from providus"},{"word":"dissentientis","gloss":"dissent, disagree, from dissentio"},{"word":"condiciōnibus","gloss":"agreement, from condicio"},{"word":"perniciem","gloss":"ruin, from pernicies"},{"word":"aevum","gloss":"time, time of life"},{"word":"immiserābilis","gloss":"unpitied"},{"word":"captīva","gloss":"prisoner, captive"},{"word":"pūbēs","gloss":"adult, grown-up"},{"word":"adfīxa","gloss":"fixtures pertaining thereto"},{"word":"dēlūbrīs","gloss":"shrine, from delubrum"},{"word":"retorta","gloss":"twist back, from retorqueo"},{"word":"populāta","gloss":"ravage, devastate, from populo"},{"word":"repēnsus","gloss":"weigh, from rependo"},{"word":"Flāgitiō","gloss":"shame, disgrace, from flagitium"},{"word":"lāna","gloss":"wool"},{"word":"refert","gloss":"bring, from refero"},{"word":"medicāta","gloss":"heal, cure, from medico"},{"word":"fūcō","gloss":"dye, from fucus"},{"word":"extrīcāta","gloss":"disentangle, extricate, from extrico"},{"word":"perfidīs","gloss":"faithless, treacherous, from perfidus"},{"word":"prōteret","gloss":"crush, tread under foot, from protero"},{"word":"restrīctīs","gloss":"draw tight, from restringo"},{"word":"iners","gloss":"helpless, weak"},{"word":"pudor","gloss":"decency, shame"},{"word":"probrōsīs","gloss":"shameful, from probrosus"},{"word":"ruīnīs","gloss":"fall, from ruina"},{"word":"pudīcae","gloss":"chaste, modest, from pudicus"},{"word":"ōsculum","gloss":"kiss"},{"word":"virīlem","gloss":"manly, from virilis"},{"word":"torvus","gloss":"pitiless"},{"word":"labantēs","gloss":"totter, be ready to fall, from labo"},{"word":"maerentēs","gloss":"grieve, be sad, from maereo"},{"word":"exsul","gloss":"exile, banished person"},{"word":"atquī","gloss":"but, yet"},{"word":"tortor","gloss":"torturer"},{"word":"dīmōvit","gloss":"put, dismiss"},{"word":"reditūs","gloss":"return, going back"},{"word":"clientum","gloss":"retainer, dependent, from cliens"},{"word":"dīiūdicātā","gloss":"decide, settle, from dijudico"},{"word":"Lacedaemonium","gloss":"basin, from Lacedaemonii"},{"word":"suādēre","gloss":"urge, recommend, from suadeo"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Theātrum (Puer Rōmānus 38)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":90,"id":"la.pr.C38.s1.1","source":"Nūdius tertius Rōmam rediimus et pater mē sinit sēcum ad theātrum īre.","translation":"The day before yesterday we came back to Rome and my father lets me go with him to the theatre.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nūdius","gloss":"nudus: nude"},{"text":"tertius","gloss":"repeat three times"},{"text":"Rōmam","gloss":"Roma: Rome"},{"text":"rediimus","gloss":"redeo: return, go back, give back"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"mē","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"sinit","gloss":"sino: allow, permit"},{"text":"sēcum","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"theātrum","gloss":"theatrum: theater"},{"text":"īre.","gloss":"eo: go"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.s1.1.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"la.pr.C38.s1.2","source":"In quattuordecim ōrdinibus, quippe quī equestrī nātus sit locō, sedēbat; namque post senātōrēs ex vetere īnstitūtō quattuordecim graduum ōrdinēs equestrī ōrdinī assīgnātī sunt.","translation":"He sat in the fourteen rows, since he was born of the knightly order; for by an old rule fourteen rows of seats behind the senators have been set aside for the knightly order.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"In","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"quattuordecim","gloss":"fourteen"},{"text":"ōrdinibus,","gloss":"ordo: row, rank"},{"text":"quippe","gloss":"of course"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"equestrī","gloss":"equester: equestrian, mounted on horse"},{"text":"nātus","gloss":"natus: born, arisen"},{"text":"sit","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"locō,","gloss":"locus: place, spot"},{"text":"sedēbat;","gloss":"sedeo: sit"},{"text":"namque","gloss":"for, and in fact; seeing that"},{"text":"post","gloss":"behind, after"},{"text":"senātōrēs","gloss":"senator: senator"},{"text":"ex","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"vetere","gloss":"vetus: old, aged, ancient"},{"text":"īnstitūtō","gloss":"institutum: custom, principle"},{"text":"quattuordecim","gloss":"fourteen"},{"text":"graduum","gloss":"gradus: step"},{"text":"ōrdinēs","gloss":"ordo: row, rank"},{"text":"equestrī","gloss":"equester: equestrian, mounted on horse"},{"text":"ōrdinī","gloss":"ordo: row, order/rank"},{"text":"assīgnātī","gloss":"assigno: assign, distribute, allot"},{"text":"sunt.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.s1.2.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"la.pr.C38.s1.3","source":"Postquam cōnsēdimus, pater aurī meae ōre suō admōtō susurrāns ‘Vidēsne’ inquit ‘senem istum prōmīssā barbā, quī, dēsīgnātōre appropinquante, ē locō suō semper cēdit et quasi currit per ōrdinēs equestrēs?’","translation":"After we had sat down, my father put his mouth to my ear and whispered, 'Do you see that old man with the long beard, who, whenever the usher comes near, always gives up his place and as it were runs along the knights' rows?'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Postquam","gloss":"after, as soon as"},{"text":"cōnsēdimus,","gloss":"consido: sit down/be seated"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"aurī","gloss":"aurum: gold"},{"text":"meae","gloss":"meus: my, mine"},{"text":"ōre","gloss":"os: mouth, speech, expression"},{"text":"suō","gloss":"suus: his, her, hers, its, their, theirs"},{"text":"admōtō","gloss":"admoveo: move to; apply, employ"},{"text":"susurrāns","gloss":"susurro: mutter, whisper, hum, buzz, murmur"},{"text":"‘Vidēsne’","gloss":"video: see, look at"},{"text":"inquit","gloss":"inquam: say (defective)"},{"text":"‘senem","gloss":"senex: old man"},{"text":"istum","gloss":"iste: that, that of yours, that which you refer to"},{"text":"prōmīssā","gloss":"promissum: promise"},{"text":"barbā,","gloss":"barba: beard/ whiskers"},{"text":"quī,","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"dēsīgnātōre","gloss":"arranger"},{"text":"appropinquante,","gloss":"appropinquo: approach (w/DAT or ad+ACC)"},{"text":"ē","gloss":"ex: out of, from"},{"text":"locō","gloss":"locus: place, spot"},{"text":"suō","gloss":"suus: his, her, hers, its, their, theirs"},{"text":"semper","gloss":"always"},{"text":"cēdit","gloss":"cedo: go/pass (from/away)"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"quasi","gloss":"as if, just as if, as though"},{"text":"currit","gloss":"curro: run/trot/gallop, hurry/hasten/speed, move/travel/proceed/flow swiftly/quickly"},{"text":"per","gloss":"through"},{"text":"ōrdinēs","gloss":"ordo: row, rank"},{"text":"equestrēs?’","gloss":"equester: equestrian, mounted on horse"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.s1.3.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"la.pr.C38.s1.4","source":"‘Cūr, pater,’ rogāvī ‘ita agit?","translation":"'Why, father,' I asked, 'does he do that?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"‘Cūr,","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"pater,’","gloss":"father"},{"text":"rogāvī","gloss":"rogo: ask, ask for"},{"text":"‘ita","gloss":"thus, in this way, as follows"},{"text":"agit?","gloss":"ago: drive, lead; do, perform"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.s1.4.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"la.pr.C38.s1.5","source":"Dēsīgnātōrem vidētur timēre’.","translation":"He seems to be afraid of the usher.'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dēsīgnātōrem","gloss":"arranger"},{"text":"vidētur","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"timēre’.","gloss":"timeo: fear, dread, be afraid (ne + SUB = lest"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.s1.5.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"la.pr.C38.s1.6","source":"‘Et iūre timet’ respondit pater ‘nam cēnsū equestrī caret; itaque nōn licet eī inter hōs ōrdinēs sedēre.","translation":"'And he is right to be afraid,' answered my father, 'for he has not the knight's property; and so he is not allowed to sit among these rows.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"‘Et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"iūre","gloss":"jus: gravy"},{"text":"timet’","gloss":"timeo: fear; be afraid"},{"text":"respondit","gloss":"respondeo: respond, reply"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"‘nam","gloss":"for"},{"text":"cēnsū","gloss":"censeo: think/suppose, judge"},{"text":"equestrī","gloss":"equester: equestrian, mounted on horse"},{"text":"caret;","gloss":"careo: be without/absent from/devoid of/free from"},{"text":"itaque","gloss":"and so, therefore, accordingly"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"licet","gloss":"liceo: it is permitted, one may"},{"text":"eī","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"inter","gloss":"between, among"},{"text":"hōs","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"ōrdinēs","gloss":"ordo: row, rank"},{"text":"sedēre.","gloss":"sedeo: sit, remain"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.s1.6.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"la.pr.C38.s1.7","source":"Nēmo enim inter equestrēs adscrībī potest cuī nōn sint quadringenta sēstertia’.","translation":"For no one can be enrolled among the knights who has not four hundred thousand sesterces.'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nēmo","gloss":"nemo: no one"},{"text":"enim","gloss":"for, in fact, indeed."},{"text":"inter","gloss":"between, among"},{"text":"equestrēs","gloss":"equester: equestrian, mounted on horse"},{"text":"adscrībī","gloss":"adscribo: add/state in writing, insert"},{"text":"potest","gloss":"possum: be able, can"},{"text":"cuī","gloss":"qui: who, which"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"sint","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"quadringenta","gloss":"quadringenti: square"},{"text":"sēstertia’.","gloss":"sestertium: 1000 sestertii"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.s1.7.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"la.pr.C38.s1.8","source":"Adhūc loquente patre, dēsīgnātōrem iterum hominī appropinquantem vīdī et quid esset ēventūrum mīrābar, cum ‘Spectā’ inquit pater ‘quid sit factūrus; rīdiculam enim agit rem, et omnibus lūdibriō est; īmmō vērō Mārtiālis poēta carmen scrīpsit ut eum irrīdeat’.","translation":"While my father was still speaking I saw the usher coming near the man again and wondered what would happen, when my father said, 'Watch what he is going to do; for he makes himself ridiculous, and everyone laughs at him; indeed Martial the poet wrote a poem to make fun of him.'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Adhūc","gloss":"adhuc: hitherto, as yet, thus far"},{"text":"loquente","gloss":"loquor: speak, tell"},{"text":"patre,","gloss":"pater: father"},{"text":"dēsīgnātōrem","gloss":"arranger"},{"text":"iterum","gloss":"again"},{"text":"hominī","gloss":"homo: man, human being"},{"text":"appropinquantem","gloss":"appropinquo: approach (w/DAT or ad+ACC)"},{"text":"vīdī","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"esset","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"ēventūrum","gloss":"evenio: come out/about/forth"},{"text":"mīrābar,","gloss":"miro: be amazed/surprised/bewildered (at)"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"‘Spectā’","gloss":"specto: observe, watch, look at, see"},{"text":"inquit","gloss":"inquam: say (defective)"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"‘quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"sit","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"factūrus;","gloss":"facio: do, make"},{"text":"rīdiculam","gloss":"ridiculus: laughable, funny, comic, amusing"},{"text":"enim","gloss":"for, in fact, indeed."},{"text":"agit","gloss":"ago: drive, lead; do, perform"},{"text":"rem,","gloss":"res: thing, matter"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"omnibus","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"lūdibriō","gloss":"ludibrium: mockery"},{"text":"est;","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"īmmō","gloss":"immo: no indeed (contradiction)"},{"text":"vērō","gloss":"vero: truly, indeed, in fact; but, however"},{"text":"Mārtiālis","gloss":"Martialis: of or belonging to Mars"},{"text":"poēta","gloss":"poeta: poet"},{"text":"carmen","gloss":"card for wool/flax"},{"text":"scrīpsit","gloss":"scribo: write"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"eum","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"irrīdeat’.","gloss":"irrideo: ridicule, mock, make fun of"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.s1.8.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"la.pr.C38.s1.9","source":"Tum vērō Nannēium vīdī (ita enim mihi pater dīxit hominem appellārī) dēsīgnātōrī cēdere dōnec ad ultimam sēdem quartīdecimī ōrdinis perventum est.","translation":"Then I saw Nannius (for that is what my father told me the man was called) giving way to the usher until he reached the last seat of the fourteenth row.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tum","gloss":"then, at that time"},{"text":"vērō","gloss":"vero: truly, indeed, in fact; but, however"},{"text":"Nannēium","gloss":"Nannēium (a name)"},{"text":"vīdī","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"(ita","gloss":"thus, in this way, as follows"},{"text":"enim","gloss":"for, in fact, indeed."},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"dīxit","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"hominem","gloss":"homo: man, human being, person, fellow"},{"text":"appellārī)","gloss":"appello: call (upon)"},{"text":"dēsīgnātōrī","gloss":"arranger"},{"text":"cēdere","gloss":"cedo: give way, retire"},{"text":"dōnec","gloss":"donec: while, as long as, until"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"ultimam","gloss":"far"},{"text":"sēdem","gloss":"sedes: seat"},{"text":"quartīdecimī","gloss":"four"},{"text":"ōrdinis","gloss":"ordo: row, order/rank"},{"text":"perventum","gloss":"pervenio: come to"},{"text":"est.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.s1.9.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"la.pr.C38.s1.10","source":"Sed nē hanc quidem sēdem retinēre potuit et ā dēsīgnātōre dīmōtus est.","translation":"But he could not keep even this seat and was moved off by the usher.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"nē","gloss":"ne: in order that not, that"},{"text":"hanc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"quidem","gloss":"to be sure, certainly, indeed"},{"text":"sēdem","gloss":"sedes: seat"},{"text":"retinēre","gloss":"retineo: hold back, restrain"},{"text":"potuit","gloss":"possum: be able, can"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ā","gloss":"a: from, by, off"},{"text":"dēsīgnātōre","gloss":"arranger"},{"text":"dīmōtus","gloss":"put/set aside, dismiss, divert"},{"text":"est.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.s1.10.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"la.pr.C38.s1.11","source":"Genū igitur flexō apud hanc sēdem manēbat, ut vidērētur inter equitēs sedēre, quamquam rē vērā nūllam obtinēbat sēdem, sed extrā ōrdinēs in foribus erat.","translation":"So he stayed on one bent knee beside this seat, so as to seem to be sitting among the knights, although in fact he had no seat at all, but was outside the rows in the gangway.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Genū","gloss":"genu: cheeks (pl.)"},{"text":"igitur","gloss":"therefore, then"},{"text":"flexō","gloss":"flexo: bend, curve, bow"},{"text":"apud","gloss":"among"},{"text":"hanc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"sēdem","gloss":"sedes: seat"},{"text":"manēbat,","gloss":"maneo: MENE"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"vidērētur","gloss":"video: see, look at"},{"text":"inter","gloss":"between, among"},{"text":"equitēs","gloss":"eques: horseman, cavalryman"},{"text":"sedēre,","gloss":"sedeo: sit, remain"},{"text":"quamquam","gloss":"though, although"},{"text":"rē","gloss":"res: thing, matter"},{"text":"vērā","gloss":"verus: true, real"},{"text":"nūllam","gloss":"nullus: no, none"},{"text":"obtinēbat","gloss":"obtineo: possess, occupy, hold"},{"text":"sēdem,","gloss":"sedes: seat"},{"text":"sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"extrā","gloss":"extra: beyond, outside of"},{"text":"ōrdinēs","gloss":"ordo: row, rank"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"foribus","gloss":"foris: door, gate"},{"text":"erat.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.s1.11.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"la.pr.C38.s1.12","source":"Mihi certē ita rīsum movit ut posterō diē carmen sine morā legere cuperem quod pater mihi dīxit Mārtiālem scrīpsisse; eō magis legere cupiēbam quod virum ipsum vīderam.","translation":"For my part it made me laugh so much that the next day I wanted to read without delay the poem my father told me Martial had written; I wanted to read it all the more because I had seen the man himself.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"certē","gloss":"certus: fixed, certain, sure"},{"text":"ita","gloss":"thus, in this way, as follows"},{"text":"rīsum","gloss":"risus: laughter"},{"text":"movit","gloss":"moveo: move, stir, agitate, affect, provoke, disturb"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"posterō","gloss":"posterus: coming after, following, next"},{"text":"diē","gloss":"dies: day"},{"text":"carmen","gloss":"card for wool/flax"},{"text":"sine","gloss":"without"},{"text":"morā","gloss":"mora: delay"},{"text":"legere","gloss":"lego2: read"},{"text":"cuperem","gloss":"cupio: wish/long/be eager for"},{"text":"quod","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"dīxit","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"Mārtiālem","gloss":"Martialis: of or belonging to Mars"},{"text":"scrīpsisse;","gloss":"scribo: write"},{"text":"eō","gloss":"is: he, she, it; that"},{"text":"magis","gloss":"more, in a higher degree"},{"text":"legere","gloss":"lego2: read"},{"text":"cupiēbam","gloss":"cupio: wish/long/be eager for"},{"text":"quod","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"virum","gloss":"vir: man, hero"},{"text":"ipsum","gloss":"ipse: self; even, very"},{"text":"vīderam.","gloss":"video: see, look at"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.s1.12.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"la.pr.C38.s1.13","source":"Et putō vōs quoque quī dē homine iam nunc audīveritis omnēs velle audīre.","translation":"And I think that you too, who have now heard about the man, all want to hear it.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"putō","gloss":"puto: think, believe, suppose, hold"},{"text":"vōs","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"quoque","gloss":"also; after"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"dē","gloss":"de: down from; concerning"},{"text":"homine","gloss":"homo: man, human being, person, fellow"},{"text":"iam","gloss":"jam: already, now"},{"text":"nunc","gloss":"now, the present moment"},{"text":"audīveritis","gloss":"audio: hear, listen, accept, agree with"},{"text":"omnēs","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"velle","gloss":"volo: will, be willing; wish"},{"text":"audīre.","gloss":"audio: hear, listen to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.s1.13.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"la.pr.C38.s1.14","source":"Audīte igitur:—","translation":"Listen, then:","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Audīte","gloss":"audio: hear, listen to"},{"text":"igitur:—","gloss":"therefore, then"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.s1.14.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"la.pr.C38.v2.1","source":"Sedēre prīmō solitus in gradū semper","translation":"Nannius, who was always used to sit in the first row","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sedēre","gloss":"sedeo: sit, remain"},{"text":"prīmō","gloss":"primus: first"},{"text":"solitus","gloss":"soleo: solace, console, comfort"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"gradū","gloss":"gradus: step"},{"text":"semper","gloss":"always"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.v2.1.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"la.pr.C38.v2.2","source":"tunc, cum licēret occupāre, Nannēius","translation":"in the days when one might take a seat,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"tunc,","gloss":"then, thereupon, at that time"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"licēret","gloss":"liceo: it is permitted, one may"},{"text":"occupāre,","gloss":"occupo: seize, take possession of"},{"text":"Nannēius","gloss":"Nannēius (a name)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.v2.2.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"la.pr.C38.v2.3","source":"bis excitātus terque trānstulit castra,","translation":"twice and three times turned out, shifted his camp,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"bis","gloss":"twice"},{"text":"excitātus","gloss":"excito: wake up, stir up"},{"text":"terque","gloss":"ter: three times"},{"text":"trānstulit","gloss":"transfero: transport/convey/transfer/shift"},{"text":"castra,","gloss":"castrum: fort; camp"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.v2.3.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"la.pr.C38.v2.4","source":"et inter ipsās paene tertius sellās","translation":"and almost third among the very chairs","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"inter","gloss":"between, among"},{"text":"ipsās","gloss":"ipse: himself, herself, itself"},{"text":"paene","gloss":"almost"},{"text":"tertius","gloss":"repeat three times"},{"text":"sellās","gloss":"sella: seat (usu. no back/arms), stool, chair"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.v2.4.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"la.pr.C38.v2.5","source":"post Gāiumque Lūciumque cōnsēdit;","translation":"sat down behind Gaius and Lucius;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"post","gloss":"behind, after"},{"text":"Gāiumque","gloss":"Gāiumque (a name)"},{"text":"Lūciumque","gloss":"pike"},{"text":"cōnsēdit;","gloss":"consido: sit down/be seated"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.v2.5.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"la.pr.C38.v2.6","source":"illinc cucullō prōspicit caput tēctus","translation":"from there he peers out with his head covered by a hood","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"illinc","gloss":"there, in that place, on that side"},{"text":"cucullō","gloss":"cucullus: hood, cowl"},{"text":"prōspicit","gloss":"prospicio: foresee"},{"text":"caput","gloss":"head"},{"text":"tēctus","gloss":"tego: cover, protect"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.v2.6.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"la.pr.C38.v2.7","source":"oculōque lūdōs spectat indecēns ūnō,","translation":"and unbecomingly watches the games with one eye,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"oculōque","gloss":"eye"},{"text":"lūdōs","gloss":"ludus: game, play, sport, pastime, entertainment, fun"},{"text":"spectat","gloss":"specto: observe, watch, look at, see"},{"text":"indecēns","gloss":"indeceo: put in or on"},{"text":"ūnō,","gloss":"unus: one; alone"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.v2.7.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"la.pr.C38.v2.8","source":"et hinc miser dēiectus in viam trānsit,","translation":"and driven from here, poor man, he moves into the gangway,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"hinc","gloss":"from here, hence"},{"text":"miser","gloss":"wretched, unfortunate"},{"text":"dēiectus","gloss":"dejectus2: slope, sloping surface, declivity"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"viam","gloss":"via: way, road, street"},{"text":"trānsit,","gloss":"transeo: go over, cross"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.v2.8.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"la.pr.C38.v2.9","source":"subselliōque sēmifultus extrēmō","translation":"and half-propped on the end of a bench,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"subselliōque","gloss":"bench/low seat (in auditorium.theater/court)"},{"text":"sēmifultus","gloss":"half-propped"},{"text":"extrēmō","gloss":"extremus: outer/external"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.v2.9.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"la.pr.C38.v2.10","source":"et male receptus alterō genū iactat","translation":"badly received, he makes out with one knee","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"male","gloss":"malus: bad, evil"},{"text":"receptus","gloss":"recipio: receive, recover"},{"text":"alterō","gloss":"alter: the other (of two)"},{"text":"genū","gloss":"genu: cheeks (pl.)"},{"text":"iactat","gloss":"jacto: throw away, throw out, throw, jerk about"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.v2.10.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"la.pr.C38.v2.11","source":"equitī sedēre Lēitōque sē stāre.","translation":"to the knight that he is sitting, and to Leitus that he is standing.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"equitī","gloss":"eques: horseman/cavalryman/rider"},{"text":"sedēre","gloss":"sedeo: sit, remain"},{"text":"Lēitōque","gloss":"Lēitōque (a name)"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"stāre.","gloss":"sto: stand"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.v2.11.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"la.pr.C38.s3.1","source":"Nunc autem ad theātrum redeāmus, nam carmen posterō modo diē lēgī.","translation":"But now let us go back to the theatre, for I read the poem only the next day.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nunc","gloss":"now, the present moment"},{"text":"autem","gloss":"but, moreover, now"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"theātrum","gloss":"theatrum: theater"},{"text":"redeāmus,","gloss":"return, go back, give back"},{"text":"nam","gloss":"for"},{"text":"carmen","gloss":"card for wool/flax"},{"text":"posterō","gloss":"posterus: coming after, following, next"},{"text":"modo","gloss":"only, merely, just now"},{"text":"diē","gloss":"dies: day"},{"text":"lēgī.","gloss":"lego2: read"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.s3.1.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"la.pr.C38.s3.2","source":"Simul atque aulaeum mīttitur histriōnemque vidēmus in scaenā stantem, quantum audiō strepitum!","translation":"As soon as the curtain is let down and we see the actor standing on the stage, what a din I hear!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Simul","gloss":"at the same time"},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"aulaeum","gloss":"canopy/covering"},{"text":"mīttitur","gloss":"mitto: send, throw, hurl, cast"},{"text":"histriōnemque","gloss":"actor"},{"text":"vidēmus","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"scaenā","gloss":"scaena: theater stage, \"boards\""},{"text":"stantem,","gloss":"sto: stand, stand still, stand firm"},{"text":"quantum","gloss":"quantus: how great"},{"text":"audiō","gloss":"audio: hear, listen to"},{"text":"strepitum!","gloss":"strepitus: noise, din"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.s3.2.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"la.pr.C38.s3.3","source":"Īmmō vērō vōx histriōnis plaudentium sonum nōn ēvaluit pervincere.","translation":"Indeed the actor's voice could not get the better of the sound of the applause.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Īmmō","gloss":"immo: no indeed (contradiction)"},{"text":"vērō","gloss":"vero: truly, indeed, in fact; but, however"},{"text":"vōx","gloss":"vox: voice, tone, expression"},{"text":"histriōnis","gloss":"histrio: actor"},{"text":"plaudentium","gloss":"plaudo: clap, strike (w/flat hand), pat"},{"text":"sonum","gloss":"sonus: noise, sound"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"ēvaluit","gloss":"evalesco: increase in strength"},{"text":"pervincere.","gloss":"pervinco: conquer completely"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.s3.3.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"la.pr.C38.s3.4","source":"Tragoedia quaedam agēbātur, sed inter tot plaudentium strepitum nīl audīre poteram.","translation":"A tragedy was being acted, but amid so much noise of applause I could hear nothing.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tragoedia","gloss":"tragedy"},{"text":"quaedam","gloss":"quidam: a certain one, a certain, a"},{"text":"agēbātur,","gloss":"ago: drive, lead; do, perform"},{"text":"sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"inter","gloss":"between, among"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"so many"},{"text":"plaudentium","gloss":"plaudo: clap, strike (w/flat hand), pat"},{"text":"strepitum","gloss":"strepitus: noise, din"},{"text":"nīl","gloss":"nihil: nothing"},{"text":"audīre","gloss":"audio: hear, listen to"},{"text":"poteram.","gloss":"possum: be able, can"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.s3.4.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"la.pr.C38.s3.5","source":"Neque rē vērā spectātōribus placuit, nam mediam inter tragoediam clāmāre incēpērunt et poscere ut ursī vel pugilēs adhibērentur.","translation":"Nor did it really please the audience, for in the middle of the tragedy they began to shout and to demand that bears or boxers be brought on.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Neque","gloss":"neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"rē","gloss":"res: thing, matter"},{"text":"vērā","gloss":"verus: true, real"},{"text":"spectātōribus","gloss":"spectator: spectator"},{"text":"placuit,","gloss":"placeo: be pleasing to, please"},{"text":"nam","gloss":"for"},{"text":"mediam","gloss":"medius: middle, middle of, mid"},{"text":"inter","gloss":"between, among"},{"text":"tragoediam","gloss":"tragoedia: tragedy"},{"text":"clāmāre","gloss":"clamo: proclaim, declare"},{"text":"incēpērunt","gloss":"incipio: begin"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"poscere","gloss":"posco: ask, demand"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"ursī","gloss":"ursus: she-bear"},{"text":"vel","gloss":"even, actually"},{"text":"pugilēs","gloss":"pugil: handful, a amount that can be held in the hand/fist"},{"text":"adhibērentur.","gloss":"adhibeo: summon, invite, bring in"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.s3.5.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"la.pr.C38.s3.6","source":"Deinde turmae equitum peditumque catervae trāns scaenam currunt; sequuntur rēgēs manibus retortīs, esseda, pīlenta, nāvēs, panthērae, camēlī, elephantī, tantaque omnium rērum animāliumque multitūdō ut mē quidem tam longae pompae mox taedēret.","translation":"Then squadrons of horsemen and companies of foot soldiers run across the stage; there follow kings with their hands tied behind them, chariots, carriages, ships, panthers, camels, elephants, and so great a crowd of all sorts of things and animals that I at any rate soon grew sick of so long a procession.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Deinde","gloss":"then, in the next place"},{"text":"turmae","gloss":"turma: troop (of 30 horsemen), squadron"},{"text":"equitum","gloss":"eques: horseman, cavalryman"},{"text":"peditumque","gloss":"pedes: foot soldier, infantryman"},{"text":"catervae","gloss":"caterva: crowd/cluster"},{"text":"trāns","gloss":"trans: across"},{"text":"scaenam","gloss":"scaena: theater stage, \"boards\""},{"text":"currunt;","gloss":"curro: run/trot/gallop, hurry/hasten/speed, move/travel/proceed/flow swiftly/quickly"},{"text":"sequuntur","gloss":"sequor: follow"},{"text":"rēgēs","gloss":"rex: king"},{"text":"manibus","gloss":"manus: hand; band, force"},{"text":"retortīs,","gloss":"retorqueo: twist back"},{"text":"esseda,","gloss":"war chariot (two wheeled)"},{"text":"pīlenta,","gloss":"pilentum: luxurious carriage used by women"},{"text":"nāvēs,","gloss":"navis: ship"},{"text":"panthērae,","gloss":"panthera: leopard"},{"text":"camēlī,","gloss":"camelus: camel/dromedary (female)"},{"text":"elephantī,","gloss":"elephantus: elephant"},{"text":"tantaque","gloss":"tantus: so great"},{"text":"omnium","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"rērum","gloss":"res: res"},{"text":"animāliumque","gloss":"animal, living thing/offspring"},{"text":"multitūdō","gloss":"multitudo: multitude"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"mē","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"quidem","gloss":"to be sure, certainly, indeed"},{"text":"tam","gloss":"so"},{"text":"longae","gloss":"longus: long"},{"text":"pompae","gloss":"pompa: procession"},{"text":"mox","gloss":"soon, presently"},{"text":"taedēret.","gloss":"taedet: be tired/weary/sick (of) (w/GEN or INF+ACC of person)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.s3.6.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"la.pr.C38.s3.7","source":"Nec nōn spectātōrum clāmōrēs molestiam mihi afferunt, namque ut Horātius dīcit","translation":"And the shouts of the audience are a nuisance to me too, for as Horace says","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nec","gloss":"neque: neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"spectātōrum","gloss":"spectator: spectator"},{"text":"clāmōrēs","gloss":"clamor: shout, outcry/protest"},{"text":"molestiam","gloss":"molestia: trouble, annoyance"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"afferunt,","gloss":"adfero: bring to, carry, convey"},{"text":"namque","gloss":"for, and in fact; seeing that"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"Horātius","gloss":"Horatius: Horatius"},{"text":"dīcit","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.s3.7.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"la.pr.C38.v4.1","source":"Gargānum mūgīre putēs nemus aut mare Tūscum,","translation":"You would think that the Garganian wood or the Tuscan sea were roaring,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Gargānum","gloss":"Garganus: fish-sauce"},{"text":"mūgīre","gloss":"mugio: low, bellow"},{"text":"putēs","gloss":"puto: think, believe, suppose, hold"},{"text":"nemus","gloss":"wood, forest"},{"text":"aut","gloss":"or"},{"text":"mare","gloss":"sea"},{"text":"Tūscum,","gloss":"Tusci: frankincense"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.v4.1.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"la.pr.C38.v4.2","source":"tantō cum strepitū lūdī spectantur et artēs.","translation":"so great is the din with which the shows and the performances are watched.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"tantō","gloss":"tantus: so great"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"strepitū","gloss":"strepitus: noise, racket"},{"text":"lūdī","gloss":"ludus: play; school"},{"text":"spectantur","gloss":"specto: observe, watch, look at, see"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"artēs.","gloss":"ars: skill/craft/art"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.v4.2.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"la.pr.C38.s5.1","source":"Tandem autem fīnis aderat et dum aulaeum tollitur rem mīrābilem vīdī, nam Britannōrum figūrae in ipsō aulaeō erant intextae; cum igitur aulaeum tollerētur ipsī Britannī manibus suīs id tollere vidēbantur.","translation":"But at last the end was at hand, and while the curtain is raised I saw a wonderful thing, for figures of Britons had been woven into the curtain itself; and so, while the curtain was being raised, the Britons themselves seemed to be raising it with their own hands.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tandem","gloss":"at length, finally"},{"text":"autem","gloss":"but, moreover, now"},{"text":"fīnis","gloss":"finis: end, limit; country, territory"},{"text":"aderat","gloss":"adsum: take (to/up/on/from), adopt/raise, use"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"dum","gloss":"while, as long as"},{"text":"aulaeum","gloss":"canopy/covering"},{"text":"tollitur","gloss":"tollo: lift, raise"},{"text":"rem","gloss":"res: thing, matter"},{"text":"mīrābilem","gloss":"mirabilis: wonderful, marvelous, astonishing, extraordinary"},{"text":"vīdī,","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"nam","gloss":"for"},{"text":"Britannōrum","gloss":"Britanni: Britain"},{"text":"figūrae","gloss":"figura: shape, form, figure, image"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"ipsō","gloss":"ipse: self; even, very"},{"text":"aulaeō","gloss":"aulaeum: canopy/covering"},{"text":"erant","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"intextae;","gloss":"intexo: weave (into), embroider (on)"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"igitur","gloss":"therefore, then"},{"text":"aulaeum","gloss":"canopy/covering"},{"text":"tollerētur","gloss":"tollo: lift, raise"},{"text":"ipsī","gloss":"ipse: self; even, very"},{"text":"Britannī","gloss":"Britanni: Britain"},{"text":"manibus","gloss":"manus: hand; band, force"},{"text":"suīs","gloss":"suus: his, her, hers, its, their, theirs"},{"text":"id","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"tollere","gloss":"tollo: lift, raise"},{"text":"vidēbantur.","gloss":"video: see, perceive"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.s5.1.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"la.pr.C38.s5.2","source":"Equidem vērō putāvī vīvōs eōs esse gigantas, sed postquam ē theātrō discessum est pater mihi tōtam rem exposuit.","translation":"For my part I thought that they were living giants, but after we had left the theatre my father explained the whole thing to me.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Equidem","gloss":"truly, indeed"},{"text":"vērō","gloss":"vero: truly, indeed, in fact; but, however"},{"text":"putāvī","gloss":"puto: think, believe, suppose, hold"},{"text":"vīvōs","gloss":"vivus: alive, fresh"},{"text":"eōs","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"esse","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"gigantas,","gloss":"giant"},{"text":"sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"postquam","gloss":"after, as soon as"},{"text":"ē","gloss":"ex: out of, from"},{"text":"theātrō","gloss":"theatrum: theater"},{"text":"discessum","gloss":"discedo: go/march off, depart, withdraw"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"tōtam","gloss":"totus: all, the whole, entire"},{"text":"rem","gloss":"res: thing, matter"},{"text":"exposuit.","gloss":"expono: set/put forth/out"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.s5.2.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"la.pr.C38.pB1.1","source":"Ubi sēdimus in theātrō?","translation":"Where did we sit in the theatre?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ubi","gloss":"where"},{"text":"sēdimus","gloss":"sedeo: sit, remain"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"theātrō?","gloss":"theatrum: theater"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.pB1.1.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"la.pr.C38.pB1.2","source":"Quibus licet hīs in ōrdinibus sedēre?","translation":"Who are allowed to sit in these rows?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quibus","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"licet","gloss":"liceo: it is permitted, one may"},{"text":"hīs","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"ōrdinibus","gloss":"ordo: row, rank"},{"text":"sedēre?","gloss":"sedeo: sit, remain"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.pB1.2.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"la.pr.C38.pB1.3","source":"Quid facit dēsīgnātor?","translation":"What does the usher do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"facit","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"dēsīgnātor?","gloss":"designator: arranger"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.pB1.3.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"la.pr.C38.pB1.4","source":"Quālis erat Nannēius?","translation":"What was Nannius like?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quālis","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Nannēius?","gloss":"Nannēius (a name)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.pB1.4.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"la.pr.C38.pB1.5","source":"Cūr timēbat dēsīgnātōrem?","translation":"Why was he afraid of the usher?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"timēbat","gloss":"timeo: fear, dread, be afraid (ne + SUB = lest"},{"text":"dēsīgnātōrem?","gloss":"arranger"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.pB1.5.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"la.pr.C38.pB1.6","source":"Cūr dē eō carmen scrīpsit Mārtiālis?","translation":"Why did Martial write a poem about him?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"dē","gloss":"de: down from; concerning"},{"text":"eō","gloss":"is: he, she, it; that"},{"text":"carmen","gloss":"card for wool/flax"},{"text":"scrīpsit","gloss":"scribo: write"},{"text":"Mārtiālis?","gloss":"Martialis: of or belonging to Mars"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.pB1.6.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"la.pr.C38.pB1.7","source":"Cum ad ultimam sēdem perventum esset quid fēcit Nannēius?","translation":"When he had reached the last seat, what did Nannius do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"ultimam","gloss":"far"},{"text":"sēdem","gloss":"sedes: seat"},{"text":"perventum","gloss":"pervenio: come to"},{"text":"esset","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"fēcit","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"Nannēius?","gloss":"Nannēius (a name)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.pB1.7.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"la.pr.C38.pB1.8","source":"Cūr hoc fēcit?","translation":"Why did he do this?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"hoc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"fēcit?","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.pB1.8.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"la.pr.C38.pB1.9","source":"Ita mihi rīsum mōvit ut quid facere cuperem?","translation":"It made me laugh so much that I wanted to do what?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ita","gloss":"thus, in this way, as follows"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"rīsum","gloss":"risus: laughter"},{"text":"mōvit","gloss":"moveo: move"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"facere","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"cuperem?","gloss":"cupio: wish/long/be eager for"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.pB1.9.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"la.pr.C38.pB1.10","source":"Cūr putō vōs quoque carmen velle audīre?","translation":"Why do I think that you too want to hear the poem?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"putō","gloss":"puto: think, believe, suppose, hold"},{"text":"vōs","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"quoque","gloss":"also; after"},{"text":"carmen","gloss":"card for wool/flax"},{"text":"velle","gloss":"volo: will, be willing; wish"},{"text":"audīre?","gloss":"audio: hear, listen to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.pB1.10.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"la.pr.C38.pB2.1","source":"Quid in theātrō agēbātur?","translation":"What was being acted in the theatre?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"theātrō","gloss":"theatrum: theater"},{"text":"agēbātur?","gloss":"ago: drive, lead; do, perform"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.pB2.1.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"la.pr.C38.pB2.2","source":"Quōmodo intellēxī tragoediam nōn placēre spectātōribus?","translation":"How did I understand that the tragedy did not please the audience?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quōmodo","gloss":"quomodo: how, in what way"},{"text":"intellēxī","gloss":"intellego: understand"},{"text":"tragoediam","gloss":"tragoedia: tragedy"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"placēre","gloss":"placeo: appease"},{"text":"spectātōribus?","gloss":"spectator: spectator"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.pB2.2.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"la.pr.C38.pB2.3","source":"Quid poposcērunt spectātōrēs?","translation":"What did the audience demand?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"poposcērunt","gloss":"posco: ask, demand"},{"text":"spectātōrēs?","gloss":"spectator: spectator"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.pB2.3.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"la.pr.C38.pB2.4","source":"Quid trāns scaenam cucurrit?","translation":"What ran across the stage?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"trāns","gloss":"trans: across"},{"text":"scaenam","gloss":"scaena: theater stage, \"boards\""},{"text":"cucurrit?","gloss":"curro: run"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.pB2.4.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"la.pr.C38.pB2.5","source":"Quid mihi accidit omnia haec spectantī?","translation":"What happened to me as I watched all this?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"accidit","gloss":"accido2: cut, cut into/down/up, hack, hew, fell"},{"text":"omnia","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"haec","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"spectantī?","gloss":"specto: observe, watch, look at, see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.pB2.5.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"la.pr.C38.pB2.6","source":"Quid aulaeō erat intextum?","translation":"What had been woven into the curtain?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"aulaeō","gloss":"aulaeum: canopy/covering"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"intextum?","gloss":"intexo: weave (into), embroider (on)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.pB2.6.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"la.pr.C38.pB2.7","source":"Quid putāvī dum aulaeum tollitur?","translation":"What did I think while the curtain is raised?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"putāvī","gloss":"puto: think, believe, suppose, hold"},{"text":"dum","gloss":"while, as long as"},{"text":"aulaeum","gloss":"canopy/covering"},{"text":"tollitur?","gloss":"tollo: lift, raise"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.pB2.7.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"la.pr.C38.pB2.8","source":"Quōmodo invēnī gigantas nōn esse vīvōs?","translation":"How did I find out that the giants were not alive?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quōmodo","gloss":"quomodo: how, in what way"},{"text":"invēnī","gloss":"invenio: come upon"},{"text":"gigantas","gloss":"giant"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"esse","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"vīvōs?","gloss":"vivus: alive, fresh"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.pB2.8.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"la.pr.C38.pB2.9","source":"Quid est cucullus?","translation":"What is a hood?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"cucullus?","gloss":"hood, cowl"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.pB2.9.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"la.pr.C38.pB2.10","source":"Quis erat Lēitus?","translation":"Who was Leitus?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quis","gloss":"who?"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Lēitus?","gloss":"Lēitus (a name)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C38.pB2.10.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"quattuordecim","gloss":"fourteen"},{"word":"assīgnātī","gloss":"assign, distribute, from assigno"},{"word":"admōtō","gloss":"move to, from admoveo"},{"word":"susurrāns","gloss":"mutter, whisper, from susurro"},{"word":"dēsīgnātōre","gloss":"arranger"},{"word":"Dēsīgnātōrem","gloss":"arranger"},{"word":"adscrībī","gloss":"add, insert, from adscribo"},{"word":"sēstertia","gloss":"1000 sestertii, from sestertium"},{"word":"lūdibriō","gloss":"mockery, from ludibrium"},{"word":"dēsīgnātōrī","gloss":"arranger"},{"word":"ultimam","gloss":"far"},{"word":"sēdem","gloss":"seat, from sedes"},{"word":"quartīdecimī","gloss":"four"},{"word":"dīmōtus","gloss":"put, dismiss"},{"word":"flexō","gloss":"bend, curve"},{"word":"trānstulit","gloss":"transport, from transfero"},{"word":"Lūciumque","gloss":"pike"},{"word":"cucullō","gloss":"hood, cowl, from cucullus"},{"word":"prōspicit","gloss":"foresee, from prospicio"},{"word":"oculōque","gloss":"eye"},{"word":"indecēns","gloss":"put in or on, from indeceo"},{"word":"dēiectus","gloss":"slope, sloping surface, from dejectus"},{"word":"subselliōque","gloss":"bench"},{"word":"sēmifultus","gloss":"half-propped"},{"word":"redeāmus","gloss":"return, go back"},{"word":"aulaeum","gloss":"canopy"},{"word":"histriōnemque","gloss":"actor"},{"word":"scaenā","gloss":"theater stage, \"boards\""},{"word":"ēvaluit","gloss":"increase in strength, from evalesco"},{"word":"pervincere","gloss":"conquer completely, from pervinco"},{"word":"Tragoedia","gloss":"tragedy"},{"word":"ursī","gloss":"she-bear, from ursus"},{"word":"pugilēs","gloss":"handful, a amount that can, from pugil"},{"word":"turmae","gloss":"troop, squadron, from turma"},{"word":"catervae","gloss":"crowd, from caterva"},{"word":"esseda","gloss":"war chariot"},{"word":"pīlenta","gloss":"luxurious carriage used by women, from pilentum"},{"word":"panthērae","gloss":"leopard, from panthera"},{"word":"camēlī","gloss":"camel, from camelus"},{"word":"animāliumque","gloss":"animal, living thing"},{"word":"Gargānum","gloss":"fish-sauce, from Garganus"},{"word":"mūgīre","gloss":"low, bellow, from mugio"},{"word":"Tūscum","gloss":"frankincense, from Tusci"},{"word":"intextae","gloss":"weave, embroider, from intexo"},{"word":"gigantas","gloss":"giant"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Dē alcibus (Puer Rōmānus 39)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":146,"id":"la.pr.C39.s1.1","source":"Dum domum redīmus dē tantā animālium varietāte in scaenā vīsā disserēbāmus, paterque dīxit absurdum esse hās omnēs ferās; ē regiōne quamque sibi idōneā, Rōmam comportāre.","translation":"As we went home we were talking about the great variety of animals we had seen on the stage, and my father said that it was absurd to bring all these wild beasts to Rome, each from the region that suited it.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dum","gloss":"while, as long as"},{"text":"domum","gloss":"domus: house, home"},{"text":"redīmus","gloss":"redeo: return, go back, give back"},{"text":"dē","gloss":"de: down from; concerning"},{"text":"tantā","gloss":"tantus: so great"},{"text":"animālium","gloss":"animal: animal"},{"text":"varietāte","gloss":"varietas: variety, difference"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"scaenā","gloss":"scaena: theater stage, \"boards\""},{"text":"vīsā","gloss":"video: see, look at"},{"text":"disserēbāmus,","gloss":"unfasten, unbar"},{"text":"paterque","gloss":"pater: bowl"},{"text":"dīxit","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"absurdum","gloss":"absurdus: out of tune, discordant"},{"text":"esse","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"hās","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"omnēs","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"ferās;","gloss":"fera: a wild beast"},{"text":"ē","gloss":"ex: out of, from"},{"text":"regiōne","gloss":"regio: area, region"},{"text":"quamque","gloss":"quisque: each"},{"text":"sibi","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"idōneā,","gloss":"idoneus: suitable, appropriate, adequate, having right qualities"},{"text":"Rōmam","gloss":"Roma: Rome"},{"text":"comportāre.","gloss":"comporto: carry, transport, bring in, convey (to market)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C39.s1.1.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"la.pr.C39.s1.2","source":"‘Mox et alcem’ inquit ‘arcessent’, et mihi negantī mē scīre quāle animal esset alcēs, ‘Hārum’ est cōnsimilis caprīs figūra’ dīxit, ‘et varietās pellium, sed magnitūdine paulō antecēdunt mutilaeque sunt cornibus, et crūra sine nōdīs articulīsque habent, neque quiētis causā prōcumbunt, neque, sī quō afflīctae cāsū concidērunt, ērigere sēsē aut sublevāre possunt.","translation":"'Soon,' he said, 'they will send for the elk as well'; and when I said that I did not know what sort of animal an elk was, he said, 'Their shape is much like that of goats, and the markings of their hides, but they are a little larger in size and have stunted horns, and their legs have no joints or knuckles, and they do not lie down for rest, nor, if they have been struck down by some chance and have fallen, can they raise or lift themselves up.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"‘Mox","gloss":"soon, presently"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"alcem’","gloss":"alces: moose, elk"},{"text":"inquit","gloss":"inquam: say (defective)"},{"text":"‘arcessent’,","gloss":"send for, summon, indict"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"negantī","gloss":"nego: deny, refuse"},{"text":"mē","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"scīre","gloss":"scio: know, understand"},{"text":"quāle","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"animal","gloss":"animal"},{"text":"esset","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"alcēs,","gloss":"alces: elk"},{"text":"‘Hārum’","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"cōnsimilis","gloss":"consimilis: like, very similar"},{"text":"caprīs","gloss":"caper: he-goat, billy-goat"},{"text":"figūra’","gloss":"figura: shape, form, figure, image"},{"text":"dīxit,","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"‘et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"varietās","gloss":"varietas: variety, difference"},{"text":"pellium,","gloss":"pellis: skin, hide"},{"text":"sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"magnitūdine","gloss":"magnitudo: size, magnitude"},{"text":"paulō","gloss":"paulum: a little, somewhat"},{"text":"antecēdunt","gloss":"antecedo: precede, go before/ahead/in front of, attain before"},{"text":"mutilaeque","gloss":"mutilus: maimed, broken, mutilated"},{"text":"sunt","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"cornibus,","gloss":"cornu: cornel-cherry-tree (Cornus mas)"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"crūra","gloss":"crus: leg"},{"text":"sine","gloss":"without"},{"text":"nōdīs","gloss":"nodus: knot"},{"text":"articulīsque","gloss":"articulus: joint"},{"text":"habent,","gloss":"habeo: have, hold; regard, consider, deem"},{"text":"neque","gloss":"neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"quiētis","gloss":"quies: quiet, calm, rest, peace"},{"text":"causā","gloss":"causa: cause, reason"},{"text":"prōcumbunt,","gloss":"procumbo: sink down, lie down, lean forward"},{"text":"neque,","gloss":"neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"sī","gloss":"si: if"},{"text":"quō","gloss":"quo: whither, where; in order to, that"},{"text":"afflīctae","gloss":"adfligo: overthrow/throw down"},{"text":"cāsū","gloss":"casus: cottage/small humble dwelling, hut/hovel"},{"text":"concidērunt,","gloss":"concido: fall down"},{"text":"ērigere","gloss":"erigo: raise up"},{"text":"sēsē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"aut","gloss":"or"},{"text":"sublevāre","gloss":"sublevo: lift up, raise"},{"text":"possunt.","gloss":"possum: be able, can"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C39.s1.2.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"la.pr.C39.s1.3","source":"Hīs sunt arborēs prō cubīlibus; ad eās sē applicant atque ita paulum modo reclīnātae quiētem capiunt.","translation":"Trees are their beds; they lean against them and so, leaning back only a little, take their rest.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hīs","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"sunt","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"arborēs","gloss":"arbor: tree"},{"text":"prō","gloss":"pro: before; in behalf of; instead of"},{"text":"cubīlibus;","gloss":"cubile: bed"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"eās","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"applicant","gloss":"adplico: connect, place near, bring into contact"},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ita","gloss":"thus, in this way, as follows"},{"text":"paulum","gloss":"a little, somewhat"},{"text":"modo","gloss":"only, merely, just now"},{"text":"reclīnātae","gloss":"reclino: bend back"},{"text":"quiētem","gloss":"quies: rest, repose"},{"text":"capiunt.","gloss":"capio: take, seize, capture"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C39.s1.3.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"la.pr.C39.s1.4","source":"Quārum ex vēstīgiīs cum est animadversum ā vēnātōribus, quō sē recipere cōnsuērint, omnēs eō locō aut rādīcibus subruunt, aut accīdunt arborēs, tantum ut summa speciēs eārum stantium relinquātur.","translation":"And when it has been noticed by the hunters from their tracks where they usually take themselves, they either undermine all the trees in that place at the roots or cut into them, so that only the outward look of them standing is left.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quārum","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"ex","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"vēstīgiīs","gloss":"vestigium: step, track"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"animadversum","gloss":"animadverto: pay attention to, attend to"},{"text":"ā","gloss":"a: from, by, off"},{"text":"vēnātōribus,","gloss":"venator: hunter"},{"text":"quō","gloss":"quo: whither, where; in order to, that"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"recipere","gloss":"recipio: keep back"},{"text":"cōnsuērint,","gloss":"consuesco: accustom oneself"},{"text":"omnēs","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"eō","gloss":"is: he, she, it; that"},{"text":"locō","gloss":"locus: place, spot"},{"text":"aut","gloss":"or"},{"text":"rādīcibus","gloss":"radix: root"},{"text":"subruunt,","gloss":"subruo: undermine"},{"text":"aut","gloss":"or"},{"text":"accīdunt","gloss":"accido: cut, cut into/down/up, hack, hew, fell"},{"text":"arborēs,","gloss":"arbor: tree"},{"text":"tantum","gloss":"tantus: so great"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"summa","gloss":"superus: above, high"},{"text":"speciēs","gloss":"species: sight, appearance, show"},{"text":"eārum","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"stantium","gloss":"sto: stand, stand still, stand firm"},{"text":"relinquātur.","gloss":"relinquo: leave behind, abandon"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C39.s1.4.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"la.pr.C39.s1.5","source":"Hūc cum sē cōnsuētūdine suā reclīnāvērunt īnfīrmās arborēs pondere afflīgunt atque ūnā ipsae concidunt.","translation":"When they have leaned back here in their usual way they bring the weak trees down with their weight and fall along with them.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hūc","gloss":"huc: here, to this place"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"cōnsuētūdine","gloss":"consuetudo: habit/custom/usage/way"},{"text":"suā","gloss":"suus: his, her, hers, its, their, theirs"},{"text":"reclīnāvērunt","gloss":"reclino: bend back"},{"text":"īnfīrmās","gloss":"infirmus: weak/fragile/frail/feeble"},{"text":"arborēs","gloss":"arbor: tree"},{"text":"pondere","gloss":"pondus: weight, burden, impediment"},{"text":"afflīgunt","gloss":"adfligo: overthrow/throw down"},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ūnā","gloss":"una: in the same place, at the same time"},{"text":"ipsae","gloss":"ipse: himself, herself, itself"},{"text":"concidunt.","gloss":"concido: cut/chop up/down/to pieces"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C39.s1.5.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"la.pr.C39.s1.6","source":"Quō modō quippe quae surgere nōn possint facile ā vēnātōribus capiuntur.’","translation":"In this way, since they cannot get up, they are easily caught by the hunters.'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quō","gloss":"quo: whither, where; in order to, that"},{"text":"modō","gloss":"modus: measure; manner, way, mode"},{"text":"quippe","gloss":"of course"},{"text":"quae","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"surgere","gloss":"surgo: rise, lift"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"possint","gloss":"possum: be able, can"},{"text":"facile","gloss":"facilis: facile, easy"},{"text":"ā","gloss":"a: from, by, off"},{"text":"vēnātōribus","gloss":"venator: hunter"},{"text":"capiuntur.’","gloss":"capio: take, seize, capture"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C39.s1.6.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"la.pr.C39.s1.7","source":"Haec dum fābula nārrātur celeriter domum pervēnimus, ubi ego quidem tot rēbus vīsīs dēfatīgātus cubitum sine morā abiī, et dum in lectō crūra quasi in circulum, fēlis īnstar, colligō, dīs grātiās ēgī quod nōn nātus eram alcēs.","translation":"While this story is being told we quickly reached home, where I, worn out with seeing so many things, went off to bed without delay, and while I gather up my legs in the bed as it were into a circle, like a cat, I gave thanks to the gods that I had not been born an elk.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Haec","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"dum","gloss":"while, as long as"},{"text":"fābula","gloss":"fabula: story, tale, fable"},{"text":"nārrātur","gloss":"narro: tell, tell about, relate, narrate, recount, describe"},{"text":"celeriter","gloss":"quickly"},{"text":"domum","gloss":"domus: house, home"},{"text":"pervēnimus,","gloss":"pervenio: come to"},{"text":"ubi","gloss":"where"},{"text":"ego","gloss":"I"},{"text":"quidem","gloss":"to be sure, certainly, indeed"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"so many"},{"text":"rēbus","gloss":"res: thing, matter"},{"text":"vīsīs","gloss":"visum: strength (sg. only), force, power, might, violence"},{"text":"dēfatīgātus","gloss":"defatigo: tire (out), exhaust"},{"text":"cubitum","gloss":"elbow"},{"text":"sine","gloss":"without"},{"text":"morā","gloss":"mora: delay"},{"text":"abiī,","gloss":"abeo: depart, go away"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"dum","gloss":"while, as long as"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"lectō","gloss":"lectum: chosen/picked/selected men (pl.)"},{"text":"crūra","gloss":"crus: leg"},{"text":"quasi","gloss":"as if, just as if, as though"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"circulum,","gloss":"circulus: circle"},{"text":"fēlis","gloss":"feles: cat"},{"text":"īnstar,","gloss":"instar: image, likeness, resemblance"},{"text":"colligō,","gloss":"colligo: collect, assemble, bring/gather/hold/keep together"},{"text":"dīs","gloss":"deus: god"},{"text":"grātiās","gloss":"gratia: thanks, gratitude"},{"text":"ēgī","gloss":"ago: drive; do, act"},{"text":"quod","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"nātus","gloss":"natus: born, arisen"},{"text":"eram","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"alcēs.","gloss":"alces: elk"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C39.s1.7.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"la.pr.C39.pB1.1","source":"Tanta erat animālium varietās ut ego — (mīrārī).","translation":"So great was the variety of animals that I ___ (to wonder).","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tanta","gloss":"tantus: so great"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"animālium","gloss":"animal: animal"},{"text":"varietās","gloss":"varietas: variety, difference"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"ego","gloss":"I"},{"text":"—","gloss":""},{"text":"(mīrārī).","gloss":"miro: be amazed/surprised/bewildered (at)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C39.pB1.1.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"la.pr.C39.pB1.2","source":"Alcēs prō cubīlibus ūtuntur — (arborēs).","translation":"Elks use ___ (trees) for beds.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Alcēs","gloss":"alces: elk"},{"text":"prō","gloss":"pro: before; in behalf of; instead of"},{"text":"cubīlibus","gloss":"cubile: bed"},{"text":"ūtuntur","gloss":"uto: use, make use of, enjoy"},{"text":"—","gloss":""},{"text":"(arborēs).","gloss":"arbor: tree"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C39.pB1.2.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"la.pr.C39.pB1.3","source":"Vēnātor animadvertit quō alcēs — (sē recipere).","translation":"The hunter notices where the elks ___ (to take themselves).","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Vēnātor","gloss":"venator: hunter"},{"text":"animadvertit","gloss":"animadverto: turn the mind to, notice"},{"text":"quō","gloss":"quo: whither, where; in order to, that"},{"text":"alcēs","gloss":"alces: elk"},{"text":"—","gloss":""},{"text":"(sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"recipere).","gloss":"recipio: keep back"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C39.pB1.3.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"la.pr.C39.pB1.4","source":"Īnfīrmae tantō pondere afflīguntur arborēs ut — (dēcidere).","translation":"The weak trees are struck down by so great a weight that ___ (to fall down).","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Īnfīrmae","gloss":"infirmus: weak/fragile/frail/feeble"},{"text":"tantō","gloss":"tantus: so great"},{"text":"pondere","gloss":"pondus: weight, burden, impediment"},{"text":"afflīguntur","gloss":"adfligo: overthrow/throw down"},{"text":"arborēs","gloss":"arbor: tree"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"—","gloss":""},{"text":"(dēcidere).","gloss":"decido: detach, cut off/out/down"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C39.pB1.4.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"varietāte","gloss":"variety, difference, from varietas"},{"word":"disserēbāmus","gloss":"unfasten, unbar"},{"word":"absurdum","gloss":"out of tune, discordant, from absurdus"},{"word":"alcem","gloss":"moose, elk, from alces"},{"word":"arcessent","gloss":"send for, summon"},{"word":"cōnsimilis","gloss":"like, very similar"},{"word":"caprīs","gloss":"he-goat, billy-goat, from caper"},{"word":"antecēdunt","gloss":"precede, go before, from antecedo"},{"word":"mutilaeque","gloss":"maimed, broken, from mutilus"},{"word":"nōdīs","gloss":"knot, from nodus"},{"word":"articulīsque","gloss":"joint, from articulus"},{"word":"afflīctae","gloss":"overthrow, from adfligo"},{"word":"concidērunt","gloss":"fall down, from concido"},{"word":"applicant","gloss":"connect, place near, from adplico"},{"word":"reclīnātae","gloss":"bend back, from reclino"},{"word":"vēstīgiīs","gloss":"footprint, track, from vestigium"},{"word":"cōnsuērint","gloss":"accustom oneself, from consuesco"},{"word":"rādīcibus","gloss":"root, from radix"},{"word":"subruunt","gloss":"undermine, from subruo"},{"word":"īnfīrmās","gloss":"week, feeble, from infirmus"},{"word":"pondere","gloss":"weight, burden, from pondus"},{"word":"circulum","gloss":"circle, from circulus"},{"word":"fēlis","gloss":"cat, from feles"},{"word":"dēcidere","gloss":"fall down, from decido"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Circus Māximus (Puer Rōmānus 40)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":157,"id":"la.pr.C40.s1.1","source":"Posterō diē ut lūdōrum spectācula vidērem ad Circum Māximum mē contulī.","translation":"The next day I took myself to the Circus Maximus to see the shows of the games.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Posterō","gloss":"posterus: coming after, following, next"},{"text":"diē","gloss":"dies: day"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"lūdōrum","gloss":"ludor: game, play, sport, pastime, entertainment, fun"},{"text":"spectācula","gloss":"spectaculum: show, spectacle"},{"text":"vidērem","gloss":"video: see, look at"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"Circum","gloss":"circos: race course"},{"text":"Māximum","gloss":"magnus: great, large"},{"text":"mē","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"contulī.","gloss":"confero: bring together, carry/convey"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.s1.1.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"la.pr.C40.s1.2","source":"Per tōtum hunc circum longa spīna, ut mūrus, quattuor pedēs alta, medium dīvidit spatium; apud utrumque fīnem stat mēta prope quam aurīgae currūs vertere solent.","translation":"Through the whole of this circus a long barrier, like a wall four feet high, divides the middle of the course; at each end stands a turning-post, near which the charioteers usually turn their chariots.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Per","gloss":"through"},{"text":"tōtum","gloss":"totus: all, the whole, entire"},{"text":"hunc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"circum","gloss":"around, about, among, near (space/time), in neighborhood of"},{"text":"longa","gloss":"longus: long"},{"text":"spīna,","gloss":"spina: thorn/spine/prickle (plant/animal)"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"mūrus,","gloss":"murus: wall"},{"text":"quattuor","gloss":"four"},{"text":"pedēs","gloss":"pes: foot"},{"text":"alta,","gloss":"altus: high, tall, deep"},{"text":"medium","gloss":"medius: middle, middle of, mid"},{"text":"dīvidit","gloss":"divido: divide"},{"text":"spatium;","gloss":"room, space, distance; time"},{"text":"apud","gloss":"among"},{"text":"utrumque","gloss":"uterque: each (of two)"},{"text":"fīnem","gloss":"finis: end, limit; country, territory"},{"text":"stat","gloss":"sto: stand"},{"text":"mēta","gloss":"meta: cone, pyramid"},{"text":"prope","gloss":"nearly"},{"text":"quam","gloss":"than"},{"text":"aurīgae","gloss":"auriga: charioteer, driver"},{"text":"currūs","gloss":"currus: chariot, light horse vehicle"},{"text":"vertere","gloss":"verto: turn, change"},{"text":"solent.","gloss":"soleo: solace, console, comfort"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.s1.2.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"la.pr.C40.s1.3","source":"Īmmō vērō optimus quisque aurīga semper cōnātur currum quam proximē regere et mētam modo nōn rotīs suīs rādere, namque ut Horātius dīcit:—","translation":"Indeed every best charioteer always tries to steer his chariot as close as possible and all but to graze the post with his wheels, for as Horace says:","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Īmmō","gloss":"immo: no indeed (contradiction)"},{"text":"vērō","gloss":"vero: truly, indeed, in fact; but, however"},{"text":"optimus","gloss":"bonus: good"},{"text":"quisque","gloss":"each, each one, every"},{"text":"aurīga","gloss":"auriga: charioteer, driver"},{"text":"semper","gloss":"always"},{"text":"cōnātur","gloss":"conor: attempt/try/endeavor, make an effort"},{"text":"currum","gloss":"currus: chariot"},{"text":"quam","gloss":"than"},{"text":"proximē","gloss":"proxime: nearest, next; last, most recently"},{"text":"regere","gloss":"rego: rule, guide"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"mētam","gloss":"meta: cone, pyramid"},{"text":"modo","gloss":"only, merely, just now"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"rotīs","gloss":"rota: wheel (rotate)"},{"text":"suīs","gloss":"suus: his, her, hers, its, their, theirs"},{"text":"rādere,","gloss":"rado: shave"},{"text":"namque","gloss":"for, and in fact; seeing that"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"Horātius","gloss":"Horatius: Horatius"},{"text":"dīcit:—","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.s1.3.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"la.pr.C40.v2.1","source":"Sunt quōs curriculō pulverem Olympicum","translation":"There are those whom it delights to have gathered Olympic dust","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sunt","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"quōs","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"curriculō","gloss":"curriculum: act of running"},{"text":"pulverem","gloss":"pulvis: dust, powder"},{"text":"Olympicum","gloss":"Olympicus: Olympicus (a name)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.v2.1.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"la.pr.C40.v2.2","source":"collēgisse iuvat, mētaque fervidīs","translation":"with the racing car, and the post shunned by the burning","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"collēgisse","gloss":"colligo: collect, assemble, bring/gather/hold/keep together"},{"text":"iuvat,","gloss":"juvo: help, assist, aid, support, serve, further"},{"text":"mētaque","gloss":"meta: cone, pyramid"},{"text":"fervidīs","gloss":"fervidus: glowing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.v2.2.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"la.pr.C40.v2.3","source":"ēvītāta rotīs palmaque nōbilis","translation":"wheels and the noble palm","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ēvītāta","gloss":"evito: shun, avoid"},{"text":"rotīs","gloss":"rota: wheel (rotate)"},{"text":"palmaque","gloss":"palma: palm/width of the hand"},{"text":"nōbilis","gloss":"nobilis: nobles (pl.)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.v2.3.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"la.pr.C40.v2.4","source":"terrārum dominōs ēvehit ad deōs.","translation":"lift them up as lords of the earth to the gods.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"terrārum","gloss":"terra: land"},{"text":"dominōs","gloss":"dominus: master"},{"text":"ēvehit","gloss":"eveho: carry away, convey out"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"deōs.","gloss":"deus: god"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.v2.4.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"la.pr.C40.s3.1","source":"Prīmum certāmen erat quadrīgārum.","translation":"The first contest was of four-horse chariots.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Prīmum","gloss":"primus: first"},{"text":"certāmen","gloss":"certamen: struggle, contest, rivalry"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"quadrīgārum.","gloss":"quadrigae: four horse chariot (sg. or pl.)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.s3.1.m4a"},{"number":165,"id":"la.pr.C40.s3.2","source":"Simul atque cōnsul, mappā ad terram iactā, sīgnum dedit ē carceribus ērūpērunt quadrīgae et sēsē in stadium effūdērunt; tōtum stadium strepitū curruum crepitantium complēbātur; pulvis in altum glomerābātur; ūnā omnēs inter sē commīxtī stimulīs nōn parcēbant, ut alter alterius rotās frementēsque equōs superāret.","translation":"As soon as the consul had thrown down the napkin and given the signal, the chariots burst out of the starting stalls and poured into the course; the whole course was filled with the din of the rattling chariots; the dust rose in a cloud on high; all mixed together they did not spare the goad, each trying to get past the other's wheels and snorting horses.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Simul","gloss":"at the same time"},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"cōnsul,","gloss":"consul: consul"},{"text":"mappā","gloss":"mappa: white cloth"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"terram","gloss":"terra: land"},{"text":"iactā,","gloss":"jacio: throw, hurl, cast"},{"text":"sīgnum","gloss":"signum: battle standard"},{"text":"dedit","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"ē","gloss":"ex: out of, from"},{"text":"carceribus","gloss":"carcer: prison, jail"},{"text":"ērūpērunt","gloss":"erumpo: burst/pop (abscess/boil)"},{"text":"quadrīgae","gloss":"quadrigae: four horse chariot (sg. or pl.)"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"sēsē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"stadium","gloss":"stade, Greek measure of distance, (~607 feet, nearly furlong)"},{"text":"effūdērunt;","gloss":"effundo: pour out/away/off"},{"text":"tōtum","gloss":"totus: all, the whole, entire"},{"text":"stadium","gloss":"stade, Greek measure of distance, (~607 feet, nearly furlong)"},{"text":"strepitū","gloss":"strepitus: noise, racket"},{"text":"curruum","gloss":"currus: chariot, light horse vehicle"},{"text":"crepitantium","gloss":"crepito: rattle/clatter"},{"text":"complēbātur;","gloss":"compleo: fill (up/in)"},{"text":"pulvis","gloss":"dust, powder"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"altum","gloss":"altus: high, tall, deep"},{"text":"glomerābātur;","gloss":"collect, amass, assemble"},{"text":"ūnā","gloss":"una: in the same place, at the same time"},{"text":"omnēs","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"inter","gloss":"between, among"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"commīxtī","gloss":"commisceo: intermingle, mix together/up, combine (ingredients)"},{"text":"stimulīs","gloss":"stimulus: spur/goad"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"parcēbant,","gloss":"parco: forbear, refrain from"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"alter","gloss":"the one, the other"},{"text":"alterius","gloss":"alter: the other (of two)"},{"text":"rotās","gloss":"rota: wheel (rotate)"},{"text":"frementēsque","gloss":"roar"},{"text":"equōs","gloss":"equus: horse"},{"text":"superāret.","gloss":"supero: overcome, conquer"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.s3.2.m4a"},{"number":166,"id":"la.pr.C40.s3.3","source":"Nam cōnfertī equī aliī aliōrum aurīgārum in terga rotāsque curruum spūmam fervidōsque fundunt flātūs.","translation":"For the crowded horses pour their foam and their burning breath on the backs of the other charioteers and on the wheels of their chariots.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nam","gloss":"for"},{"text":"cōnfertī","gloss":"confertus: crowded/pressed together/thronging"},{"text":"equī","gloss":"equus: horse"},{"text":"aliī","gloss":"alius2: another, other"},{"text":"aliōrum","gloss":"alius2: other, another"},{"text":"aurīgārum","gloss":"auriga: charioteer, driver"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"terga","gloss":"tergum: back"},{"text":"rotāsque","gloss":"rota: wheel (rotate)"},{"text":"curruum","gloss":"currus: chariot, light horse vehicle"},{"text":"spūmam","gloss":"spuma: foam, froth"},{"text":"fervidōsque","gloss":"glowing"},{"text":"fundunt","gloss":"fundo: pour, cast (metals)"},{"text":"flātūs.","gloss":"flatus: blowing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.s3.3.m4a"},{"number":167,"id":"la.pr.C40.s3.4","source":"Spectātōrēs aliī aliās factiōnēs strepitū clāmōribusque faventium incitant; nunc prasina, nunc russāta priōrem occupat locum; sed cēdit albātae et haec venetae.","translation":"The spectators urge on one party or another with the din and shouting of their supporters; now the green, now the red takes the first place; but it gives way to the white, and the white to the blue.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Spectātōrēs","gloss":"spectator: spectator"},{"text":"aliī","gloss":"alius2: another, other"},{"text":"aliās","gloss":"alius2: another, other"},{"text":"factiōnēs","gloss":"factio: party, faction"},{"text":"strepitū","gloss":"strepitus: noise, racket"},{"text":"clāmōribusque","gloss":"shout, outcry/protest"},{"text":"faventium","gloss":"faveo: favor (w/DAT), befriend, support, back up"},{"text":"incitant;","gloss":"incito: enrage"},{"text":"nunc","gloss":"now, the present moment"},{"text":"prasina,","gloss":"prasinus: leek-green"},{"text":"nunc","gloss":"now, the present moment"},{"text":"russāta","gloss":"russatus: red"},{"text":"priōrem","gloss":"prior: ahead, in front, leading"},{"text":"occupat","gloss":"occupo: seize"},{"text":"locum;","gloss":"locus: place, spot"},{"text":"sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"cēdit","gloss":"cedo: go/pass (from/away)"},{"text":"albātae","gloss":"albatus: clothed in white"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"haec","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"venetae.","gloss":"Venetus: blue"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.s3.4.m4a"},{"number":168,"id":"la.pr.C40.s3.5","source":"Ego quidem albātae favēbam factiōnī, diūque prīmus currēbat aurīga meus.","translation":"I, for my part, was supporting the white party, and for a long time my charioteer was running first.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ego","gloss":"I"},{"text":"quidem","gloss":"to be sure, certainly, indeed"},{"text":"albātae","gloss":"albatus: clothed in white"},{"text":"favēbam","gloss":"faveo: favor (w/DAT), befriend, support, back up"},{"text":"factiōnī,","gloss":"factio: party, faction"},{"text":"diūque","gloss":"diū: for a long time"},{"text":"prīmus","gloss":"primus: first, foremost/best, chief, principal"},{"text":"currēbat","gloss":"curro: run/trot/gallop, hurry/hasten/speed, move/travel/proceed/flow swiftly/quickly"},{"text":"aurīga","gloss":"auriga: charioteer, driver"},{"text":"meus.","gloss":"my, mine"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.s3.5.m4a"},{"number":169,"id":"la.pr.C40.s3.6","source":"Sub ultimam mētam iam currum agēns (septiēns enim tōtum ēmētiuntur stadium) propius propiusque admovēbat rotam fūnālīque ad dextram equō habēnās laxābat, sinistrum cohibēbat.","translation":"As he was driving his chariot to the last turn (for they measure out the whole course seven times) he brought his wheel nearer and nearer, and gave the trace-horse on the right its head and held in the left one.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sub","gloss":"under, below, up to; at"},{"text":"ultimam","gloss":"far"},{"text":"mētam","gloss":"meta: cone, pyramid"},{"text":"iam","gloss":"jam: already, now"},{"text":"currum","gloss":"currus: chariot"},{"text":"agēns","gloss":"ago: drive; do, act"},{"text":"(septiēns","gloss":"septies: seven times"},{"text":"enim","gloss":"for, in fact, indeed."},{"text":"tōtum","gloss":"totus: all, the whole, entire"},{"text":"ēmētiuntur","gloss":"emetior: measure out"},{"text":"stadium)","gloss":"stade, Greek measure of distance, (~607 feet, nearly furlong)"},{"text":"propius","gloss":"nearer, closer"},{"text":"propiusque","gloss":"near, nearly"},{"text":"admovēbat","gloss":"admoveo: move up, bring up/near"},{"text":"rotam","gloss":"rota: wheel (rotate)"},{"text":"fūnālīque","gloss":"torch of wax or tallow soaked rope"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"dextram","gloss":"dexter: right"},{"text":"equō","gloss":"equus: horse"},{"text":"habēnās","gloss":"habena: halter, rein"},{"text":"laxābat,","gloss":"laxo: loosen, slaken, relax, weaken"},{"text":"sinistrum","gloss":"sinister: left, improper,adverse"},{"text":"cohibēbat.","gloss":"cohibeo: hold together, contain"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.s3.6.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"la.pr.C40.s3.7","source":"Et hāc quidem tenus rēctī omnēs stetērunt currūs; deinde vērō prasinae factiōnis contumācēs equī currum vī auferunt, et ex adversō, cum sextus iam septimusque cōnficerētur cursus, frontēs caeruleīs impingunt quadrīgīs; unde ūnō ex malō alius alium cōnfringit et incidit.","translation":"And up to this point all the chariots stood upright; but then the unruly horses of the green party carry the chariot away by force, and head on, when the sixth and now the seventh lap was being run, they drive their heads into the blue four-horse team; and from that one mishap one chariot smashes another and crashes.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"hāc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"quidem","gloss":"to be sure, certainly, indeed"},{"text":"tenus","gloss":"as far as, to the extent of, up to, down to"},{"text":"rēctī","gloss":"rectus: right, proper"},{"text":"omnēs","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"stetērunt","gloss":"sto: stand, stand still, stand firm"},{"text":"currūs;","gloss":"currus: chariot, light horse vehicle"},{"text":"deinde","gloss":"then, in the next place"},{"text":"vērō","gloss":"vero: truly, indeed, in fact; but, however"},{"text":"prasinae","gloss":"prasinus: leek-green"},{"text":"factiōnis","gloss":"factio: party, faction"},{"text":"contumācēs","gloss":"contumax: proud/unyielding/stubborn/defiant"},{"text":"equī","gloss":"equus: horse"},{"text":"currum","gloss":"currus: chariot"},{"text":"vī","gloss":"vis: strength, power, might, violence"},{"text":"auferunt,","gloss":"aufero: bear/carry/take/fetch/sweep/snatch away/off, remove, withdraw"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ex","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"adversō,","gloss":"adversus: opposite; adverse, contrary"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"sextus","gloss":"Sextus"},{"text":"iam","gloss":"jam: already, now"},{"text":"septimusque","gloss":"seven"},{"text":"cōnficerētur","gloss":"conficio: make, construct"},{"text":"cursus,","gloss":"running"},{"text":"frontēs","gloss":"frons2: foliage, leaves, leafy branch, green bough, frond"},{"text":"caeruleīs","gloss":"caeruleus: blue, cerulean, dark"},{"text":"impingunt","gloss":"impingo: thrust, strike or dash against"},{"text":"quadrīgīs;","gloss":"quadrigae: four horse chariot (sg. or pl.)"},{"text":"unde","gloss":"from where"},{"text":"ūnō","gloss":"unus: one; alone"},{"text":"ex","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"malō","gloss":"malus: bad, evil"},{"text":"alius","gloss":"alius2: other, another"},{"text":"alium","gloss":"alius2: another, other"},{"text":"cōnfringit","gloss":"confringo: break up/down/in pieces/in two"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"incidit.","gloss":"incido: fall in, fall on; happen"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.s3.7.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"la.pr.C40.s3.8","source":"Tōtus iam cursus curruum naufragiīs replētus est.","translation":"By now the whole course was filled with the wrecks of chariots.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tōtus","gloss":"totus: whole, all, entire, total, complete"},{"text":"iam","gloss":"jam: already, now"},{"text":"cursus","gloss":"running"},{"text":"curruum","gloss":"currus: chariot, light horse vehicle"},{"text":"naufragiīs","gloss":"naufragium: shipwreck"},{"text":"replētus","gloss":"repleo: fill again"},{"text":"est.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.s3.8.m4a"},{"number":172,"id":"la.pr.C40.s3.9","source":"Quod ubi cōnspexit russātus aurīga, extrā orbitam dēflectit, et frēna inhibet, dum praetervehātur aliōs.","translation":"When the red charioteer saw this, he turns aside out of the track and holds in his reins, until he can drive past the others.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quod","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"ubi","gloss":"where"},{"text":"cōnspexit","gloss":"conspicio: observe/see/witness"},{"text":"russātus","gloss":"russatus: red"},{"text":"aurīga,","gloss":"auriga: charioteer, driver"},{"text":"extrā","gloss":"extra: beyond, outside of"},{"text":"orbitam","gloss":"orbita: wheel-track, rut"},{"text":"dēflectit,","gloss":"deflecto: bend downwards"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"frēna","gloss":"frena: bridle/harness/rein/bit"},{"text":"inhibet,","gloss":"inhibeo: restrain, curb"},{"text":"dum","gloss":"while, as long as"},{"text":"praetervehātur","gloss":"sail by, pass by, ride by"},{"text":"aliōs.","gloss":"alius2: another, other"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.s3.9.m4a"},{"number":173,"id":"la.pr.C40.s3.10","source":"Intereā albātus ille, cuī ego favēbam, postrēmus omnium ultimō locō equōs agēbat, namque in fīne certam spem victōriae pōnēbat; quī simul āc vīdit russātum illum sōlum relictum, vēlōcium equōrum auribus acūtum flagellī sonum incutiēns, īnsequitur; et aequātīs iugīs ambo ferēbantur; modō hic, modo ille equōrum capitibus alterius quadrīgam superābat.","translation":"Meanwhile that white driver, whom I was supporting, was driving his horses last of all in the last place, for he was setting his sure hope of victory in the finish; and as soon as he saw that the red driver was left alone, he strikes the sharp sound of his whip on the ears of his swift horses and follows him; and the two were carried along with their teams level; now one, now the other was ahead of the other's chariot by the horses' heads.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Intereā","gloss":"interea: meanwhile"},{"text":"albātus","gloss":"albatus: clothed in white"},{"text":"ille,","gloss":"that; he, she, it"},{"text":"cuī","gloss":"qui: who, which"},{"text":"ego","gloss":"I"},{"text":"favēbam,","gloss":"faveo: favor (w/DAT), befriend, support, back up"},{"text":"postrēmus","gloss":"posterus: coming after, following, next"},{"text":"omnium","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"ultimō","gloss":"ultimo2: avenge"},{"text":"locō","gloss":"locus: place, spot"},{"text":"equōs","gloss":"equus: horse"},{"text":"agēbat,","gloss":"ago: drive, lead; do, perform"},{"text":"namque","gloss":"for, and in fact; seeing that"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"fīne","gloss":"finis: boundary, end, limit, goal"},{"text":"certam","gloss":"certus: fixed, certain, sure"},{"text":"spem","gloss":"spes: hope"},{"text":"victōriae","gloss":"victoria: victory"},{"text":"pōnēbat;","gloss":"pono: place, put"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"simul","gloss":"at the same time"},{"text":"āc","gloss":"atque: and"},{"text":"vīdit","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"russātum","gloss":"red"},{"text":"illum","gloss":"ille: that; he, she, it"},{"text":"sōlum","gloss":"alone, only"},{"text":"relictum,","gloss":"relinquo: leave behind, abandon"},{"text":"vēlōcium","gloss":"swift, quick, fleet, rapid, speedy"},{"text":"equōrum","gloss":"equus: horse"},{"text":"auribus","gloss":"auris: ear"},{"text":"acūtum","gloss":"acutus: of small radius"},{"text":"flagellī","gloss":"flagellum: whip, lash, scourge"},{"text":"sonum","gloss":"sonus: noise, sound"},{"text":"incutiēns,","gloss":"incutio: strike on or against"},{"text":"īnsequitur;","gloss":"insequor: follow/come after"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"aequātīs","gloss":"aequo: level, make even/straight"},{"text":"iugīs","gloss":"jugum: yoke"},{"text":"ambo","gloss":"both"},{"text":"ferēbantur;","gloss":"fero: carry, bear"},{"text":"modō","gloss":"modus: measure; manner, way, mode"},{"text":"hic,","gloss":"this"},{"text":"modo","gloss":"only, merely, just now"},{"text":"ille","gloss":"that; he, she, it"},{"text":"equōrum","gloss":"equus: horse"},{"text":"capitibus","gloss":"caput: head"},{"text":"alterius","gloss":"alter: the other (of two)"},{"text":"quadrīgam","gloss":"four horse chariot (sg. or pl.)"},{"text":"superābat.","gloss":"supero: overcome, conquer"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.s3.10.m4a"},{"number":174,"id":"la.pr.C40.s3.11","source":"Et reliquōs quidem omnēs cursūs īnfēlix ille albātus rēctō currū exēgerat; deinde dum habēnas flectentī sinistrōrsum equō remīttit, imprūdēns in mētam impingit, frāctīsque rotīs ē currū volvitur implicāturque lōrīs; illō autem in terram prōlāpsō, dissipātī sunt equī medium per stadium, russātusque ille palmam tulit.","translation":"And all the remaining laps that unlucky white driver had run with his chariot upright; then, while he gives the reins to the horse turning to the left, he drives without thinking into the post, and with his wheels broken he is thrown out of the chariot and tangled in the straps; and when he had fallen to the ground, his horses were scattered through the middle of the course, and that red driver won the palm.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"reliquōs","gloss":"reliquus: remaining, rest of; the rest"},{"text":"quidem","gloss":"to be sure, certainly, indeed"},{"text":"omnēs","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"cursūs","gloss":"cursus: running"},{"text":"īnfēlix","gloss":"infelix: unfortunate, unhappy, wretched"},{"text":"ille","gloss":"that; he, she, it"},{"text":"albātus","gloss":"albatus: clothed in white"},{"text":"rēctō","gloss":"rego: rule, guide"},{"text":"currū","gloss":"currus: chariot"},{"text":"exēgerat;","gloss":"exigo: drive out, expel"},{"text":"deinde","gloss":"then, in the next place"},{"text":"dum","gloss":"while, as long as"},{"text":"habēnas","gloss":"habena: thong, strap"},{"text":"flectentī","gloss":"flecto: bend, curve, bow"},{"text":"sinistrōrsum","gloss":"sinistrorsus: to the left"},{"text":"equō","gloss":"equus: horse"},{"text":"remīttit,","gloss":"remitto: send back, remit"},{"text":"imprūdēns","gloss":"imprudens: ignorant"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"mētam","gloss":"meta: cone, pyramid"},{"text":"impingit,","gloss":"impingo: thrust, strike or dash against"},{"text":"frāctīsque","gloss":"break, shatter, crush"},{"text":"rotīs","gloss":"rota: wheel (rotate)"},{"text":"ē","gloss":"ex: out of, from"},{"text":"currū","gloss":"currus: chariot"},{"text":"volvitur","gloss":"volvo: roll, cause to roll"},{"text":"implicāturque","gloss":"entangled, confused, obscure"},{"text":"lōrīs;","gloss":"lorum: leather strap, thong"},{"text":"illō","gloss":"ille: that; he, she, it"},{"text":"autem","gloss":"but, moreover, now"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"terram","gloss":"terra: land"},{"text":"prōlāpsō,","gloss":"prolabor: glide or slip forwards, fall into decay, go to ruin"},{"text":"dissipātī","gloss":"dissipo: scatter, disperse, dissipate, squander"},{"text":"sunt","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"equī","gloss":"equus: horse"},{"text":"medium","gloss":"medius: middle, middle of, mid"},{"text":"per","gloss":"through"},{"text":"stadium,","gloss":"stade, Greek measure of distance, (~607 feet, nearly furlong)"},{"text":"russātusque","gloss":"russatus: red"},{"text":"ille","gloss":"that; he, she, it"},{"text":"palmam","gloss":"palma: palm/width of the hand"},{"text":"tulit.","gloss":"fero: carry, bear"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.s3.11.m4a"},{"number":175,"id":"la.pr.C40.s3.12","source":"Fautōrēs tamen albātae factiōnis ut vīdērunt illum currū excussum modo rapī per terram, modo caelum versus crūra prōtendere, clārīs lāmentīs adolēscentis vicem dēplōrāvērunt, dōnec cēterī aurīgae, vix tandem equōrum cursū cohibitō, solvērunt eum cruōre adeō foedātum ut amīcōrum nēmo corpus āgnōsceret.","translation":"But when the supporters of the white party saw him flung from the chariot, now dragged along the ground, now stretching his legs towards the sky, they wept aloud over the young man's fate, until the other charioteers, having with difficulty at last held in the course of the horses, freed him, so fouled with blood that none of his friends knew the body.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Fautōrēs","gloss":"fautor: patron, protector"},{"text":"tamen","gloss":"yet, nevertheless"},{"text":"albātae","gloss":"albatus: clothed in white"},{"text":"factiōnis","gloss":"factio: party, faction"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"vīdērunt","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"illum","gloss":"ille: that; he, she, it"},{"text":"currū","gloss":"currus: chariot"},{"text":"excussum","gloss":"excutio: shake out or off"},{"text":"modo","gloss":"only, merely, just now"},{"text":"rapī","gloss":"rapio: drag off"},{"text":"per","gloss":"through"},{"text":"terram,","gloss":"terra: land"},{"text":"modo","gloss":"only, merely, just now"},{"text":"caelum","gloss":"sky, heavens"},{"text":"versus","gloss":"versus3: line, verse"},{"text":"crūra","gloss":"crus: leg"},{"text":"prōtendere,","gloss":"protendo: stretch out/forth, extend, distend"},{"text":"clārīs","gloss":"clarus: clear; famous, renowned; bright, shining"},{"text":"lāmentīs","gloss":"lamenta: wailing, weeping, groans, laments"},{"text":"adolēscentis","gloss":"adolesco: grow up, mature, reach manhood/peak"},{"text":"vicem","gloss":"vicis: turn, change, succession"},{"text":"dēplōrāvērunt,","gloss":"deploro: weep/lament/mourn for/cry over"},{"text":"dōnec","gloss":"donec: while, as long as, until"},{"text":"cēterī","gloss":"ceter: the other"},{"text":"aurīgae,","gloss":"auriga: charioteer, driver"},{"text":"vix","gloss":"scarcely, hardly"},{"text":"tandem","gloss":"at length, finally"},{"text":"equōrum","gloss":"equus: horse"},{"text":"cursū","gloss":"cursus: running"},{"text":"cohibitō,","gloss":"cohibeo: hold together, contain"},{"text":"solvērunt","gloss":"solvo: loosen, release, unbind, untie, free"},{"text":"eum","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"cruōre","gloss":"cruor: blood"},{"text":"adeō","gloss":"adeo2: to such a degree/pass/point"},{"text":"foedātum","gloss":"foedo: defile"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"amīcōrum","gloss":"amicus: friend"},{"text":"nēmo","gloss":"nemo: no one"},{"text":"corpus","gloss":"body"},{"text":"āgnōsceret.","gloss":"agnosco: recognize, realize, discern"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.s3.12.m4a"},{"number":176,"id":"la.pr.C40.pB1.1","source":"Dēscrībe Circum.","translation":"Describe the Circus.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dēscrībe","gloss":"describo: describe/draw, mark/trace out"},{"text":"Circum.","gloss":"circos: race course"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.pB1.1.m4a"},{"number":177,"id":"la.pr.C40.pB1.2","source":"Quid facere cōnātur aurīga?","translation":"What does the charioteer try to do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"facere","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"cōnātur","gloss":"conor: attempt/try/endeavor, make an effort"},{"text":"aurīga?","gloss":"auriga: charioteer, driver"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.pB1.2.m4a"},{"number":178,"id":"la.pr.C40.pB1.3","source":"Quid factum est antequam cursus fieret?","translation":"What was done before the race took place?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"factum","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"antequam","gloss":"before, sooner than"},{"text":"cursus","gloss":"curro: run/trot/gallop, hurry/hasten/speed, move/travel/proceed/flow swiftly/quickly"},{"text":"fieret?","gloss":"fio: become, be made"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.pB1.3.m4a"},{"number":179,"id":"la.pr.C40.pB1.4","source":"Quid prīmum erat certāmen?","translation":"What was the first contest?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"prīmum","gloss":"primus: first"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"certāmen?","gloss":"certamen: struggle, contest, rivalry"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.pB1.4.m4a"},{"number":180,"id":"la.pr.C40.pB1.5","source":"Quot factiōnēs erant?","translation":"How many parties were there?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quot","gloss":"where, to what place"},{"text":"factiōnēs","gloss":"factio: party, faction"},{"text":"erant?","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.pB1.5.m4a"},{"number":181,"id":"la.pr.C40.pB1.6","source":"Date factiōnum nōmina.","translation":"Give the names of the parties.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Date","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"factiōnum","gloss":"factio: party, faction"},{"text":"nōmina.","gloss":"nomen: name, family name"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.pB1.6.m4a"},{"number":182,"id":"la.pr.C40.pB1.7","source":"Quis vīcit?","translation":"Who won?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quis","gloss":"who?"},{"text":"vīcit?","gloss":"vinco: conquer"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.pB1.7.m4a"},{"number":183,"id":"la.pr.C40.pB2.1","source":"Quid dē aurīgīs dīcit Horātius?","translation":"What does Horace say about charioteers?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"dē","gloss":"de: down from; concerning"},{"text":"aurīgīs","gloss":"auriga: charioteer, driver"},{"text":"dīcit","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"Horātius?","gloss":"Horatius: Horatius"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.pB2.1.m4a"},{"number":184,"id":"la.pr.C40.pB2.2","source":"Dēscrībe curruum certāmen.","translation":"Describe the chariot race.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dēscrībe","gloss":"describo: describe/draw, mark/trace out"},{"text":"curruum","gloss":"currus: chariot, light horse vehicle"},{"text":"certāmen.","gloss":"certamen: struggle, contest, rivalry"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C40.pB2.2.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"spīna","gloss":"thorn"},{"word":"rādere","gloss":"shave, from rado"},{"word":"curriculō","gloss":"act of running, from curriculum"},{"word":"pulverem","gloss":"dust, powder, from pulvis"},{"word":"iuvat","gloss":"help, assist, from juvo"},{"word":"fervidīs","gloss":"glowing, from fervidus"},{"word":"ēvītāta","gloss":"shun, avoid, from evito"},{"word":"ēvehit","gloss":"carry away, convey out, from eveho"},{"word":"quadrīgārum","gloss":"four horse chariot, from quadrigae"},{"word":"mappā","gloss":"white cloth"},{"word":"carceribus","gloss":"prison, jail, from carcer"},{"word":"ērūpērunt","gloss":"burst, from erumpo"},{"word":"stadium","gloss":"stade, Greek measure of distance"},{"word":"crepitantium","gloss":"rattle, from crepito"},{"word":"complēbātur","gloss":"fill, from compleo"},{"word":"glomerābātur","gloss":"collect, amass"},{"word":"commīxtī","gloss":"intermingle, mix together, from commisceo"},{"word":"stimulīs","gloss":"spur, from stimulus"},{"word":"frementēsque","gloss":"roar"},{"word":"spūmam","gloss":"foam, froth, from spuma"},{"word":"fervidōsque","gloss":"glowing"},{"word":"flātūs","gloss":"blowing"},{"word":"factiōnēs","gloss":"party, faction, from factio"},{"word":"clāmōribusque","gloss":"shout, outcry"},{"word":"incitant","gloss":"enrage, from incito"},{"word":"prasina","gloss":"leek-green, from prasinus"},{"word":"russāta","gloss":"red, from russatus"},{"word":"albātae","gloss":"clothed in white, from albatus"},{"word":"venetae","gloss":"blue, from Venetus"},{"word":"septiēns","gloss":"seven times, from septies"},{"word":"ēmētiuntur","gloss":"measure out, from emetior"},{"word":"propiusque","gloss":"near, nearly"},{"word":"fūnālīque","gloss":"torch of wax or tallow"},{"word":"habēnās","gloss":"halter, rein, from habena"},{"word":"laxābat","gloss":"loosen, slaken, from laxo"},{"word":"cohibēbat","gloss":"hold together, contain, from cohibeo"},{"word":"tenus","gloss":"as far as, to the"},{"word":"contumācēs","gloss":"proud, from contumax"},{"word":"septimusque","gloss":"seven"},{"word":"impingunt","gloss":"thrust, strike or dash against, from impingo"},{"word":"cōnfringit","gloss":"break up, from confringo"},{"word":"replētus","gloss":"fill again, from repleo"},{"word":"orbitam","gloss":"wheel-track, rut, from orbita"},{"word":"frēna","gloss":"bridle"},{"word":"inhibet","gloss":"restrain, curb, from inhibeo"},{"word":"praetervehātur","gloss":"sail by, pass by"},{"word":"russātum","gloss":"red"},{"word":"vēlōcium","gloss":"swift, quick"},{"word":"flagellī","gloss":"whip, lash, from flagellum"},{"word":"quadrīgam","gloss":"four horse chariot"},{"word":"flectentī","gloss":"bend, curve, from flecto"},{"word":"sinistrōrsum","gloss":"to the left, from sinistrorsus"},{"word":"frāctīsque","gloss":"break, shatter"},{"word":"implicāturque","gloss":"entangled, confused"},{"word":"prōlāpsō","gloss":"glide or slip forwards, fall, from prolabor"},{"word":"dissipātī","gloss":"scatter, disperse, from dissipo"},{"word":"Fautōrēs","gloss":"patron, protector, from fautor"},{"word":"prōtendere","gloss":"stretch out, extend, from protendo"},{"word":"vicem","gloss":"turn, change, from vicis"},{"word":"dēplōrāvērunt","gloss":"weep, from deploro"},{"word":"cruōre","gloss":"blood, from cruor"},{"word":"foedātum","gloss":"defile, from foedo"}],"paradigms":[]}]}