{"course":{"lang":"la","language":"Latin","title":"Prīmus et Secundus Annus","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la","source":"Paine and Mainwaring, Prīmus Annus (Oxford, 1912) and Secundus Annus (1917); Appleton and Jones, Puer Rōmānus (1913); D'Ooge, Latin for Beginners (Boston, 1911); Ritchie, Fabulae Faciles (1903). Public domain. The teaching pages, the glosses and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":17,"id":"la.module.pr.41-46","title":"Capita 41–46","stage":"Puer Romanus","situation":"Leō in arēnā; Pugilēs; Gladiātōrēs; Dē puerīs in Senātū; Lūcius patrī suō salūtem dat; Fīnis","outcome":"Chapters 41–46 of the reader, read whole","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/17","lines":185},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/16","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/18","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/","sections":[{"title":"Leō in arēnā (Puer Rōmānus 41)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"la.pr.C41.s1.1","source":"Post hoc quadrīgārum certāmen vēnātiōnem, ut appellātur, vīdī.","translation":"After this chariot race I saw what is called the beast hunt.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Post","gloss":"behind, after"},{"text":"hoc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"quadrīgārum","gloss":"quadrigae: four horse chariot (sg. or pl.)"},{"text":"certāmen","gloss":"certamen: struggle, contest, rivalry"},{"text":"vēnātiōnem,","gloss":"venatio: hunting"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"appellātur,","gloss":"appello: call (upon)"},{"text":"vīdī.","gloss":"video: see, perceive"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.s1.1.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"la.pr.C41.s1.2","source":"Quō in certāmine hominēs, nōmine bēstiāriī, contrā ferās cūiusvīs generis pūgnant.","translation":"In this contest men called beast fighters fight against wild animals of every kind.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quō","gloss":"quo: whither, where; in order to, that"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"certāmine","gloss":"certamen: contest, competition"},{"text":"hominēs,","gloss":"homo: man, human being"},{"text":"nōmine","gloss":"nomen: name, family name"},{"text":"bēstiāriī,","gloss":"bestiarius: of/with/pertaining to beasts"},{"text":"contrā","gloss":"contra: against, contrary to"},{"text":"ferās","gloss":"fera: a wild beast"},{"text":"cūiusvīs","gloss":"quivis: who"},{"text":"generis","gloss":"genus: birth/descent/origin"},{"text":"pūgnant.","gloss":"pugno: fight"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.s1.2.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"la.pr.C41.s1.3","source":"Māgna multitūdō, varietāsque mīrābilis omnium ferārum undique collēcta in arēnam immīttitur.","translation":"A great crowd and a wonderful variety of all kinds of wild beasts, gathered from everywhere, is let into the arena.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Māgna","gloss":"magnus: great, large"},{"text":"multitūdō,","gloss":"multitudo: multitude"},{"text":"varietāsque","gloss":"varietas: variety, difference"},{"text":"mīrābilis","gloss":"mirabilis: wonderful, marvelous, astonishing, extraordinary"},{"text":"omnium","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"ferārum","gloss":"fera: a wild beast"},{"text":"undique","gloss":"from all sides"},{"text":"collēcta","gloss":"colligo: collect, assemble, bring/gather/hold/keep together"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"arēnam","gloss":"harena: sand, grains of sand"},{"text":"immīttitur.","gloss":"immitto: send in/to/into/against"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.s1.3.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"la.pr.C41.s1.4","source":"Sed praeter alia omnia leōnum immānitās mihi admīrātiōnī fuit, ūnīus praesertim.","translation":"But beyond everything else the hugeness of the lions filled me with wonder, and of one in particular.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"praeter","gloss":"beyond, contrary to"},{"text":"alia","gloss":"alius2: another, other"},{"text":"omnia","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"leōnum","gloss":"leo2: Leo (name of several Popes)"},{"text":"immānitās","gloss":"immanitas: brutality, savage character, frightfulness"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"admīrātiōnī","gloss":"admiratio: wonder, surprise, astonishment"},{"text":"fuit,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"ūnīus","gloss":"unus: one; alone"},{"text":"praesertim.","gloss":"especially, chiefly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.s1.4.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"la.pr.C41.s1.5","source":"Is ūnus leō corporis impetū et rōbore, terrificōque fremitū et sonōrō, torīs comīsque cervīcum flūctuantibus animōs oculōsque omnium in sē convertit.","translation":"That one lion, by the rush and strength of his body, by his terrifying and resounding roar, by his muscles and by the waving mane of his neck, turned the minds and the eyes of all upon himself.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Is","gloss":"this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"ūnus","gloss":"unus: one; alone"},{"text":"leō","gloss":"leo2: lion"},{"text":"corporis","gloss":"corpus: body"},{"text":"impetū","gloss":"impetus: attack, assault, charge"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"rōbore,","gloss":"robur: oak (tree/timber/trunk/club/post/cell)"},{"text":"terrificōque","gloss":"terrifying, awe inspiring"},{"text":"fremitū","gloss":"fremitus: roar, loud noise"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"sonōrō,","gloss":"sonorus: noisy, loud, resounding, sonorous"},{"text":"torīs","gloss":"tores: swelling, protuberance"},{"text":"comīsque","gloss":"coma: hair"},{"text":"cervīcum","gloss":"cervix: neck (sg/pl.), nape"},{"text":"flūctuantibus","gloss":"fluctuo: rise in waves, surge, swell, undulate, fluctuate"},{"text":"animōs","gloss":"animus: mind, heart; spirit, feeling"},{"text":"oculōsque","gloss":"oculus: eye"},{"text":"omnium","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"convertit.","gloss":"converto: turn"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.s1.5.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"la.pr.C41.s1.6","source":"Intrōdūctus erat inter complūrēs cēterōs, ad pūgnam bēstiārum datus, servus virī cōnsulāris.","translation":"Among several others there had been brought in, given to the beasts to fight, the slave of a man of consular rank.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Intrōdūctus","gloss":"introduco: introduce, bring/lead in"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"inter","gloss":"between, among"},{"text":"complūrēs","gloss":"complures: many (pl.), several, a fair/good number"},{"text":"cēterōs,","gloss":"ceter: the other"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"pūgnam","gloss":"pugna: battle, fight"},{"text":"bēstiārum","gloss":"bestia: beast, animal, creature"},{"text":"datus,","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"servus","gloss":"slave, servant"},{"text":"virī","gloss":"vir: man, hero"},{"text":"cōnsulāris.","gloss":"consularis: consular, of/proper to a consul"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.s1.6.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"la.pr.C41.s1.7","source":"Eī servō Androclus nōmen fuit.","translation":"That slave's name was Androclus.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Eī","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"servō","gloss":"servus2: slave"},{"text":"Androclus","gloss":"Androcles: ring, circle, link, circular form"},{"text":"nōmen","gloss":"nomen: name"},{"text":"fuit.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.s1.7.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"la.pr.C41.s1.8","source":"Hunc ille leō, ubi vīdit procul, repente, quasi admīrāns, stetit; āc deinde sēnsim atque placidē ad hominem accēdit; tum caudam mōre atque rītū adulantium canum clēmenter et blandē movet, hominisque sēsē corporī adiūngit, crūraque ēius et manūs metū iam paene exanimātī, linguā lēniter dēmulcet.","translation":"When that lion saw him from a distance he suddenly stopped, as if in wonder; and then he comes to the man slowly and quietly; then he moves his tail gently and coaxingly, in the manner and fashion of fawning dogs, and joins himself to the man's body, and softly licks with his tongue the legs and hands of the man, who by now was almost fainting with fear.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hunc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"ille","gloss":"that; he, she, it"},{"text":"leō,","gloss":"leo2: lion"},{"text":"ubi","gloss":"where"},{"text":"vīdit","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"procul,","gloss":"far, afar off"},{"text":"repente,","gloss":"repens2: sudden, unexpected"},{"text":"quasi","gloss":"as if, just as if, as though"},{"text":"admīrāns,","gloss":"admiror: admire, respect"},{"text":"stetit;","gloss":"sto: stand, stand still, stand firm"},{"text":"āc","gloss":"atque: and"},{"text":"deinde","gloss":"then, in the next place"},{"text":"sēnsim","gloss":"sensim: slowly, gradually, cautiously"},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"placidē","gloss":"gently, calmly, gradually, peacefully, quietly"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"hominem","gloss":"homo: man, human being, person, fellow"},{"text":"accēdit;","gloss":"accedo: come near, approach"},{"text":"tum","gloss":"then, at that time"},{"text":"caudam","gloss":"cauda: tail (animal)"},{"text":"mōre","gloss":"mos: custom, habit"},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"rītū","gloss":"ritus: rite"},{"text":"adulantium","gloss":"adulo: fawn upon (as a dog)"},{"text":"canum","gloss":"canis: dog"},{"text":"clēmenter","gloss":"clementer: leniently, mercifully"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"blandē","gloss":"in coaxing/winning manner, charmingly, persuasively, seductively"},{"text":"movet,","gloss":"moveo: move, stir, agitate, affect, provoke, disturb"},{"text":"hominisque","gloss":"homo: man, human being, person, fellow"},{"text":"sēsē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"corporī","gloss":"corpus: body"},{"text":"adiūngit,","gloss":"adjungo: add, attach, join to, add to, support"},{"text":"crūraque","gloss":"crus: leg"},{"text":"ēius","gloss":"is: he, she, it; that"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"manūs","gloss":"manus: manna"},{"text":"metū","gloss":"metus: fear"},{"text":"iam","gloss":"jam: already, now"},{"text":"paene","gloss":"almost"},{"text":"exanimātī,","gloss":"exanimo: kill, deprive of life"},{"text":"linguā","gloss":"lingua: tongue"},{"text":"lēniter","gloss":"lenis: mild, gentle"},{"text":"dēmulcet.","gloss":"demulceo: stroke, stroke down, rub/stroke caressingly/soothingly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.s1.8.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"la.pr.C41.s1.9","source":"Homo Androclus inter illa tam atrōcis ferae blandīmenta āmīssum animum recēperat; paulātim oculōs ad contuendum leōnem refert; tum, quasi mūtuā recōgnitiōne factā, laetōs et grātulābundōs vidērēs hominem et leōnem.","translation":"Androclus, amid such caresses from so savage a beast, had got back the courage he had lost; little by little he turns his eyes to look at the lion; then, as though they had recognized each other, you would have seen the man and the lion glad and rejoicing together.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Homo","gloss":"man, human being, person, fellow"},{"text":"Androclus","gloss":"Androcles: ring, circle, link, circular form"},{"text":"inter","gloss":"between, among"},{"text":"illa","gloss":"ille: that; he, she, it"},{"text":"tam","gloss":"so"},{"text":"atrōcis","gloss":"atrox: fierce, savage, bloody"},{"text":"ferae","gloss":"fera: a wild beast"},{"text":"blandīmenta","gloss":"blandimentum: blandishment, coaxing/wheedling behavior, cajolery"},{"text":"āmīssum","gloss":"amissus2: loss"},{"text":"animum","gloss":"animus: mind, heart; spirit, feeling"},{"text":"recēperat;","gloss":"recipio: keep back"},{"text":"paulātim","gloss":"paulatim: little by little, by degrees, gradually"},{"text":"oculōs","gloss":"oculus: eye"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"contuendum","gloss":"contueor: look at/gaze on/behold"},{"text":"leōnem","gloss":"leo2: lion"},{"text":"refert;","gloss":"refero: bring/carry back/again/home"},{"text":"tum,","gloss":"then, at that time"},{"text":"quasi","gloss":"as if, just as if, as though"},{"text":"mūtuā","gloss":"mutuus: borrowed, lent"},{"text":"recōgnitiōne","gloss":"recognitio: inspection, examination"},{"text":"factā,","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"laetōs","gloss":"laetus: happy/cheerful/joyful/glad"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"grātulābundōs","gloss":"gratulabundus: congratulating"},{"text":"vidērēs","gloss":"video: see, look at"},{"text":"hominem","gloss":"homo: man, human being, person, fellow"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"leōnem.","gloss":"leo2: lion"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.s1.9.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"la.pr.C41.s1.10","source":"Haec tam mīra rēs māximōs populī clāmōrēs excitāvit; nec nōn Caesar Androclum arcessītum rogāvit quam ob rem ille atrōcissimus leōnum ūnī pepercisset.","translation":"So wonderful a thing raised the greatest shouts from the people; and Caesar sent for Androclus and asked him why that fiercest of lions had spared him alone.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Haec","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"tam","gloss":"so"},{"text":"mīra","gloss":"mirus: wonderful, strange, remarkable, amazing, surprising, extraordinary"},{"text":"rēs","gloss":"res: thing, matter"},{"text":"māximōs","gloss":"magnus: great, large"},{"text":"populī","gloss":"populus: people"},{"text":"clāmōrēs","gloss":"clamor: shout, outcry/protest"},{"text":"excitāvit;","gloss":"excito: wake up, stir up"},{"text":"nec","gloss":"neque: neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"Caesar","gloss":"Cæsar"},{"text":"Androclum","gloss":"Androcles: ring, circle, link, circular form"},{"text":"arcessītum","gloss":"arcesso: send for, summon, indict"},{"text":"rogāvit","gloss":"rogo: ask"},{"text":"quam","gloss":"than"},{"text":"ob","gloss":"on account of"},{"text":"rem","gloss":"res: thing, matter"},{"text":"ille","gloss":"that; he, she, it"},{"text":"atrōcissimus","gloss":"atrox: fierce, savage, bloody"},{"text":"leōnum","gloss":"leo2: Leo (name of several Popes)"},{"text":"ūnī","gloss":"unus: one; alone"},{"text":"pepercisset.","gloss":"parco: forbear, refrain from"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.s1.10.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"la.pr.C41.s1.11","source":"Deinde Androclus rem mīrificam nārrāvit atque admīrandam.","translation":"Then Androclus told a marvellous and astonishing story.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Deinde","gloss":"then, in the next place"},{"text":"Androclus","gloss":"Androcles: ring, circle, link, circular form"},{"text":"rem","gloss":"res: thing, matter"},{"text":"mīrificam","gloss":"mirificus: wonderful"},{"text":"nārrāvit","gloss":"narro: tell, relate"},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"admīrandam.","gloss":"admirandus: wonderful, admirable"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.s1.11.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"la.pr.C41.s1.12","source":"‘Cum prōvinciam’ inquit ‘Āfricam prōcōnsulārī imperiō dominus meus obtinēret, ego ibi inīquīs ēius et cottidiānīs verberibus ad fugam sum coāctus; et, ut mihi ā dominō, terrae illīus praeside, tūtiōrēs latebrae forent, in campōrum et arēnārum sōlitūdinēs concessī; āc, sī dēfuisset cibus, cōnsilium fuit mortem aliquō pāctō quaerere.","translation":"'When my master held the province of Africa with proconsular power,' he said, 'I was driven there to flight by his unjust and daily beatings; and so that my hiding places might be safer from my master, the governor of that land, I went off into the wastes of the plains and the sands; and, if food failed me, my plan was to seek death in some way.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"‘Cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"prōvinciam’","gloss":"provincia: province"},{"text":"inquit","gloss":"inquam: say (defective)"},{"text":"‘Āfricam","gloss":"Africanus: African"},{"text":"prōcōnsulārī","gloss":"proconsularis: proconsular"},{"text":"imperiō","gloss":"imperium: command, chief power; empire"},{"text":"dominus","gloss":"mistress of a family, wife"},{"text":"meus","gloss":"my, mine"},{"text":"obtinēret,","gloss":"obtineo: get hold of"},{"text":"ego","gloss":"I"},{"text":"ibi","gloss":"there, in that place"},{"text":"inīquīs","gloss":"iniquus: unjust, unfair"},{"text":"ēius","gloss":"is: he, she, it; that"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"cottidiānīs","gloss":"cottidianus: daily, everyday"},{"text":"verberibus","gloss":"verber: lash, whip"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"fugam","gloss":"fuga: flight"},{"text":"sum","gloss":"be; exist"},{"text":"coāctus;","gloss":"cogo: collect/gather, round up, restrict/confine"},{"text":"et,","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"ā","gloss":"a: from, by, off"},{"text":"dominō,","gloss":"dominus: master"},{"text":"terrae","gloss":"terra: land"},{"text":"illīus","gloss":"ille: that; he, she, it"},{"text":"praeside,","gloss":"praeses: protector"},{"text":"tūtiōrēs","gloss":"tueor: your (sing.)"},{"text":"latebrae","gloss":"latebra: hiding place, retreat, lair"},{"text":"forent,","gloss":"sum: be"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"campōrum","gloss":"campus: field, plain"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"arēnārum","gloss":"harena: sand, grains of sand"},{"text":"sōlitūdinēs","gloss":"solitudo: solitude, loneliness"},{"text":"concessī;","gloss":"concedo: relinquish/give up/concede"},{"text":"āc,","gloss":"atque: and"},{"text":"sī","gloss":"si: if"},{"text":"dēfuisset","gloss":"desum: choose, pick out, select, take"},{"text":"cibus,","gloss":"food"},{"text":"cōnsilium","gloss":"consilium: plan"},{"text":"fuit","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"mortem","gloss":"mors: death"},{"text":"aliquō","gloss":"aliquis: anyone/anybody/anything"},{"text":"pāctō","gloss":"pango: compose"},{"text":"quaerere.","gloss":"quaero: search for, seek, strive for"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.s1.12.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"la.pr.C41.s2.1","source":"Tum sōle mediō rapidō et flagrante spēluncam quandam nactus remōtam latebrōsamque, in eam penetrō et mē recondō, neque multō post ad eandem spēluncam vēnit hic leō, dēbilī ūnō et cruentō pede, gemitūs ēdēns et murmura dolōrem cruciātumque volneris commiserantia; et prīmō quidem cōnspectū advenientis leōnis, summō terrōre affectus sum; sed postquam leō spēluncam intrōgrēssus vīdit mē procul latentem, mītis et mānsuētus accessit; sublātum pedem ostendit āc porrēxit, quasi opis petendae grātiā; ibi stirpem ingentem pedī ēius haerentem revellī, conceptamque saniem volnere intimō expressī, accūrātiusque, sine māgnā iam formīdine, siccāvī penitus atque dētersī cruōrem.","translation":"Then, in the fierce blazing midday sun, I came upon a certain remote and hidden cave, and I go into it and hide myself; and not long afterwards this lion came to the same cave, with one foot lame and bleeding, giving out groans and murmurs that told of the pain and torment of his wound; and at the first sight of the lion coming I was filled with the greatest terror; but after the lion had come into the cave and had seen me hiding at a distance, he came up gentle and tame; he showed and held out his lifted foot, as though to ask for help; then I pulled out a huge splinter that was sticking in his foot, and squeezed the gathered matter out of the depth of the wound, and more carefully, without much fear by now, I dried it thoroughly and wiped away the blood.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tum","gloss":"then, at that time"},{"text":"sōle","gloss":"sol: sun"},{"text":"mediō","gloss":"medius: middle, middle part of"},{"text":"rapidō","gloss":"rapidus: rapid, swift"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"flagrante","gloss":"flagro: be on fire"},{"text":"spēluncam","gloss":"spelunca: cave"},{"text":"quandam","gloss":"quidam: a certain"},{"text":"nactus","gloss":"nanciscor: obtain, get"},{"text":"remōtam","gloss":"removeo: remove"},{"text":"latebrōsamque,","gloss":"full of lurking places"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"eam","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"penetrō","gloss":"penetro: enter, penetrate"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"mē","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"recondō,","gloss":"recondo: hide, conceal"},{"text":"neque","gloss":"neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"multō","gloss":"multus: much; many"},{"text":"post","gloss":"behind, after"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"eandem","gloss":"idem: the same"},{"text":"spēluncam","gloss":"spelunca: cave"},{"text":"vēnit","gloss":"venio: come, go"},{"text":"hic","gloss":"this"},{"text":"leō,","gloss":"leo2: lion"},{"text":"dēbilī","gloss":"debilis: weak/feeble/frail"},{"text":"ūnō","gloss":"unus: one; alone"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"cruentō","gloss":"cruentus: bloody/bleeding/discharging blood"},{"text":"pede,","gloss":"pes: foot"},{"text":"gemitūs","gloss":"gemitus: groan, sigh"},{"text":"ēdēns","gloss":"edo2: eat/consume/devour"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"murmura","gloss":"murmur: murmur/mutter"},{"text":"dolōrem","gloss":"dolor: pain, anguish, grief, sorrow, suffering"},{"text":"cruciātumque","gloss":"crusade"},{"text":"volneris","gloss":"vulnus: wound"},{"text":"commiserantia;","gloss":"commiseror: feel pity/compassion for"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"prīmō","gloss":"primus: first"},{"text":"quidem","gloss":"to be sure, certainly, indeed"},{"text":"cōnspectū","gloss":"conspectus2: view, (range of) sight"},{"text":"advenientis","gloss":"advenio: come to, arrive"},{"text":"leōnis,","gloss":"leo2: lion"},{"text":"summō","gloss":"summus: highest, greatest"},{"text":"terrōre","gloss":"terror: terror, fear"},{"text":"affectus","gloss":"affectus2: affection, passion, love"},{"text":"sum;","gloss":"be; exist"},{"text":"sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"postquam","gloss":"after, as soon as"},{"text":"leō","gloss":"leo2: lion"},{"text":"spēluncam","gloss":"spelunca: cave"},{"text":"intrōgrēssus","gloss":"introgradior: enter"},{"text":"vīdit","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"mē","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"procul","gloss":"far, afar off"},{"text":"latentem,","gloss":"lateo: lie hidden, lurk"},{"text":"mītis","gloss":"mitis: mild, meek, gentle, placid, soothing"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"mānsuētus","gloss":"mansuesco: tame"},{"text":"accessit;","gloss":"accedo: come near, approach"},{"text":"sublātum","gloss":"tollo: lift, raise"},{"text":"pedem","gloss":"pes: foot"},{"text":"ostendit","gloss":"ostendo: show"},{"text":"āc","gloss":"atque: and"},{"text":"porrēxit,","gloss":"porrigo: stretch out, extend"},{"text":"quasi","gloss":"as if, just as if, as though"},{"text":"opis","gloss":"ops: power, might"},{"text":"petendae","gloss":"peto: attack"},{"text":"grātiā;","gloss":"gratia: popularity/esteem/credit (w/bona)"},{"text":"ibi","gloss":"there, in that place"},{"text":"stirpem","gloss":"stirps: race"},{"text":"ingentem","gloss":"ingens: huge, vast"},{"text":"pedī","gloss":"pedis: Pedius"},{"text":"ēius","gloss":"is: he, she, it; that"},{"text":"haerentem","gloss":"haereo: stick, adhere, cling to"},{"text":"revellī,","gloss":"revello: tear/pull away/loose/out/from/down/up"},{"text":"conceptamque","gloss":"fetus, that which is conceived"},{"text":"saniem","gloss":"sanies: ichorous/bloody matter/pus discharged from wound/ulcer"},{"text":"volnere","gloss":"vulnus: wound"},{"text":"intimō","gloss":"intimo: tell, tell about, relate, narrate, recount, describe"},{"text":"expressī,","gloss":"exprimo: squeeze, squeeze/press out"},{"text":"accūrātiusque,","gloss":"carefully, accurately, precisely, exactly"},{"text":"sine","gloss":"without"},{"text":"māgnā","gloss":"magnus: great, large"},{"text":"iam","gloss":"jam: already, now"},{"text":"formīdine,","gloss":"formido2: fear/terror/alarm"},{"text":"siccāvī","gloss":"sicco: dry, drain"},{"text":"penitus","gloss":"penitus3: thoroughly, completely, deeply"},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"dētersī","gloss":"detergeo: wipe/clean off/away"},{"text":"cruōrem.","gloss":"cruor: blood"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.s2.1.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"la.pr.C41.s2.2","source":"Ille tunc meā operā levātus, pede manibus meīs impositō, recubuit et quiēvit; atque, ex eō diē, triennium tōtum ego et leō in eādem spēluncā eōdemque vīctū vīximus.","translation":"Then he, relieved by my work, laid his foot in my hands, lay down and rested; and from that day on, for three whole years, the lion and I lived in the same cave on the same food.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ille","gloss":"that; he, she, it"},{"text":"tunc","gloss":"then, thereupon, at that time"},{"text":"meā","gloss":"meus: my, mine"},{"text":"operā","gloss":"opera: work, care"},{"text":"levātus,","gloss":"levo: lift/raise/hold up"},{"text":"pede","gloss":"pes: foot"},{"text":"manibus","gloss":"manus: hand; band, force"},{"text":"meīs","gloss":"meus: my, mine"},{"text":"impositō,","gloss":"impono: impose, put upon"},{"text":"recubuit","gloss":"recumbo: recline, lie at ease, sink/lie/settle back/down"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"quiēvit;","gloss":"quiesco: rest, keep quiet/calm, be at peace/rest"},{"text":"atque,","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ex","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"eō","gloss":"is: he, she, it; that"},{"text":"diē,","gloss":"dies: day"},{"text":"triennium","gloss":"three years"},{"text":"tōtum","gloss":"totus: all, the whole, entire"},{"text":"ego","gloss":"I"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"leō","gloss":"leo2: lion"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"eādem","gloss":"idem: the same"},{"text":"spēluncā","gloss":"spelunca: cave"},{"text":"eōdemque","gloss":"idem: the same"},{"text":"vīctū","gloss":"victus2: living, way of life"},{"text":"vīximus.","gloss":"vivesco: come to life"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.s2.2.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"la.pr.C41.s2.3","source":"Nam, quās vēnābātur ferās, membra opīmiōra ad spēluncam mihi suggerēbat; quae ego quippe quī īgnis cōpiam nōn habērem, sōle merīdiānō tosta edēbam.","translation":"For of the beasts he hunted he brought the richer limbs to the cave for me; and these I, having no supply of fire, ate roasted by the midday sun.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nam,","gloss":"for"},{"text":"quās","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"vēnābātur","gloss":"venor: hunt"},{"text":"ferās,","gloss":"fera: a wild beast"},{"text":"membra","gloss":"membrum: member, limb, organ"},{"text":"opīmiōra","gloss":"opimus: rich, fertile"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"spēluncam","gloss":"spelunca: cave"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"suggerēbat;","gloss":"suggero: suggest, furnish"},{"text":"quae","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"ego","gloss":"I"},{"text":"quippe","gloss":"of course"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"īgnis","gloss":"ignis: fire, brightness"},{"text":"cōpiam","gloss":"copia: plenty, abundance; troops, forces"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"habērem,","gloss":"habeo: have, hold, consider, think, reason"},{"text":"sōle","gloss":"sol: sun"},{"text":"merīdiānō","gloss":"meridianus: of midday, noon"},{"text":"tosta","gloss":"torreo: parch, roast, scorch, bake, burn"},{"text":"edēbam.","gloss":"edo: eat/consume/devour"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.s2.3.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"la.pr.C41.s2.4","source":"Sed ubi mē vītae illīus ferīnae iam pertaesum est, leōne vēnātum profectō, spēluncam relīquī.","translation":"But when I had grown sick of that wild life, I left the cave while the lion had gone off hunting.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ubi","gloss":"where"},{"text":"mē","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"vītae","gloss":"vita: life, career, livelihood"},{"text":"illīus","gloss":"ille: that; he, she, it"},{"text":"ferīnae","gloss":"ferina: game, flesh of wild animals"},{"text":"iam","gloss":"jam: already, now"},{"text":"pertaesum","gloss":"pertaedet: it wearies"},{"text":"est,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"leōne","gloss":"leo2: lion"},{"text":"vēnātum","gloss":"venatus: hunting, hunt"},{"text":"profectō,","gloss":"profecto: surely, certainly"},{"text":"spēluncam","gloss":"spelunca: cave"},{"text":"relīquī.","gloss":"relinquo: leave behind, abandon"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.s2.4.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"la.pr.C41.s2.5","source":"Nōn ita multō post ā mīlitibus vīsus apprehēnsus sum et ad dominum ex Āfricā Rōmam dēdūctus.","translation":"Not long afterwards I was seen by soldiers and seized and taken from Africa to my master at Rome.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"ita","gloss":"thus, in this way, as follows"},{"text":"multō","gloss":"multus: much; many"},{"text":"post","gloss":"behind, after"},{"text":"ā","gloss":"a: from, by, off"},{"text":"mīlitibus","gloss":"miles: soldier"},{"text":"vīsus","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"apprehēnsus","gloss":"apprehendo: seize (upon), grasp, cling to, lay hold of"},{"text":"sum","gloss":"be; exist"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"dominum","gloss":"dominus: mistress of a family, wife"},{"text":"ex","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"Āfricā","gloss":"Africa: Africa"},{"text":"Rōmam","gloss":"Roma: Rome"},{"text":"dēdūctus.","gloss":"deductus2: downward pull"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.s2.5.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"la.pr.C41.s2.6","source":"Is mē statim reī capitālis damnandum ad bēstiāsque dandum cūrāvit.","translation":"He at once had me condemned on a capital charge and given to the beasts.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Is","gloss":"this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"mē","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"statim","gloss":"immediately, at once"},{"text":"reī","gloss":"res: thing, matter"},{"text":"capitālis","gloss":"capitalis: of/belonging to head/life"},{"text":"damnandum","gloss":"damno: pass/pronounce judgment, find guilty"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"bēstiāsque","gloss":"beast, animal, creature"},{"text":"dandum","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"cūrāvit.","gloss":"curo: arrange/see/attend to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.s2.6.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"la.pr.C41.s2.7","source":"Intellegō autem hunc quoque leōnem captum grātiās mihi nunc etiam beneficiī referre.’","translation":"And I understand that this lion too was captured, and is now repaying me for my kindness.'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Intellegō","gloss":"intellego: understand"},{"text":"autem","gloss":"but, moreover, now"},{"text":"hunc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"quoque","gloss":"also; after"},{"text":"leōnem","gloss":"leo2: lion"},{"text":"captum","gloss":"capio: take, seize, capture"},{"text":"grātiās","gloss":"gratia: thanks, gratitude"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"nunc","gloss":"now, the present moment"},{"text":"etiam","gloss":"yet, still; also, besides"},{"text":"beneficiī","gloss":"beneficium: kindness, favor, benefit, service, help"},{"text":"referre.’","gloss":"refero: bear back; report"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.s2.7.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"la.pr.C41.s2.8","source":"Quae cum ita nārrāvisset Androclus, cūnctīs petentibus, dīmīssus est et poenā solūtus, leōque eī suffrāgiīs populī dōnātus.","translation":"When Androclus had told this story, at the request of all he was let go and freed from his punishment, and the lion was given to him by the votes of the people.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quae","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"ita","gloss":"thus, in this way, as follows"},{"text":"nārrāvisset","gloss":"narro: tell, tell about, relate, narrate, recount, describe"},{"text":"Androclus,","gloss":"Androcles: ring, circle, link, circular form"},{"text":"cūnctīs","gloss":"cunctus: altogether (usu. pl.), in a body"},{"text":"petentibus,","gloss":"peto: attack"},{"text":"dīmīssus","gloss":"dimitto: send away/off"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"poenā","gloss":"poena: penalty, punishment"},{"text":"solūtus,","gloss":"solvo: loosen, release, unbind, untie, free"},{"text":"leōque","gloss":"leo2: Leo (name of several Popes)"},{"text":"eī","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"suffrāgiīs","gloss":"suffragium: vote"},{"text":"populī","gloss":"populus: people"},{"text":"dōnātus.","gloss":"dono: present, grant"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.s2.8.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"la.pr.C41.s2.9","source":"Equidem vērō posteā vidēbam Androclum et leōnem lōrō tenuī revīnctum urbe tōtā circum tabernās īre; dōnārī aere Androclum, flōribus spargī leōnem; omnēs ferē ubīque obviōs dīcere ‘Hic est leō hospes hominis; hic est homo medicus leōnis’.","translation":"For my part I afterwards used to see Androclus and the lion, tied with a thin strap, going round the shops through the whole city; Androclus given money, the lion sprinkled with flowers; and almost everyone they met anywhere saying, 'This is the lion that was the man's host; this is the man that was the lion's doctor.'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Equidem","gloss":"truly, indeed"},{"text":"vērō","gloss":"vero: truly, indeed, in fact; but, however"},{"text":"posteā","gloss":"postea: afterwards"},{"text":"vidēbam","gloss":"video: see, look at"},{"text":"Androclum","gloss":"Androcles: ring, circle, link, circular form"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"leōnem","gloss":"leo2: lion"},{"text":"lōrō","gloss":"lorum: leather strap, thong"},{"text":"tenuī","gloss":"tenuis: thin, fine"},{"text":"revīnctum","gloss":"revincio: bind fast, fasten"},{"text":"urbe","gloss":"urbs: city"},{"text":"tōtā","gloss":"totus: whole, all, entire, total, complete"},{"text":"circum","gloss":"around, about, among, near (space/time), in neighborhood of"},{"text":"tabernās","gloss":"taberna: shop, stall"},{"text":"īre;","gloss":"eo: go"},{"text":"dōnārī","gloss":"donarium: part of temple where votive offerings were received/stored"},{"text":"aere","gloss":"aes: money, pay, fee, fare"},{"text":"Androclum,","gloss":"Androcles: ring, circle, link, circular form"},{"text":"flōribus","gloss":"flos: flower, blossom"},{"text":"spargī","gloss":"spargo: scatter, strew, sprinkle"},{"text":"leōnem;","gloss":"leo2: lion"},{"text":"omnēs","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"ferē","gloss":"fere: nearly, almost"},{"text":"ubīque","gloss":"ubique: anywhere, everywhere (ubiquitous)"},{"text":"obviōs","gloss":"obvius: in the way, easy"},{"text":"dīcere","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"‘Hic","gloss":"this"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"leō","gloss":"leo2: lion"},{"text":"hospes","gloss":"host"},{"text":"hominis;","gloss":"homo: man, human being"},{"text":"hic","gloss":"this"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"homo","gloss":"man, human being, person, fellow"},{"text":"medicus","gloss":"healing, curative, medical"},{"text":"leōnis’.","gloss":"leo2: lion"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.s2.9.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"la.pr.C41.pB1.1","source":"Quālēs erant bēstiāriī?","translation":"What sort of men were the beast fighters?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quālēs","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"erant","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"bēstiāriī?","gloss":"bestiarius: of/with/pertaining to beasts"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.pB1.1.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"la.pr.C41.pB1.2","source":"Quālis erat leō māximus?","translation":"What was the greatest lion like?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quālis","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"leō","gloss":"leo2: lion"},{"text":"māximus?","gloss":"magnus: great, large"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.pB1.2.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"la.pr.C41.pB1.3","source":"Quid Androclō vīsō facit leō?","translation":"What does the lion do when he has seen Androclus?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"Androclō","gloss":"Androclō (a name)"},{"text":"vīsō","gloss":"visum: strength (sg. only), force, power, might, violence"},{"text":"facit","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"leō?","gloss":"leo2: lion"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.pB1.3.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"la.pr.C41.pB1.4","source":"Cūr servus animum recipit?","translation":"Why does the slave get back his courage?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"servus","gloss":"slave, servant"},{"text":"animum","gloss":"animus: mind, heart; spirit, feeling"},{"text":"recipit?","gloss":"recipio: keep back"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.pB1.4.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"la.pr.C41.pB1.5","source":"Quid rogat Caesar?","translation":"What does Caesar ask?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"rogat","gloss":"rogo: ask"},{"text":"Caesar?","gloss":"Cæsar"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.pB1.5.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"la.pr.C41.pB1.6","source":"Quō cōnsiliō Androclus in arēnārum sōlitūdinēs concessit?","translation":"With what purpose did Androclus go off into the wastes of the sands?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quō","gloss":"qui2: who"},{"text":"cōnsiliō","gloss":"consilium: plan"},{"text":"Androclus","gloss":"Androcles: ring, circle, link, circular form"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"arēnārum","gloss":"harena: sand, grains of sand"},{"text":"sōlitūdinēs","gloss":"solitudo: solitude, loneliness"},{"text":"concessit?","gloss":"concedo: relinquish/give up/concede"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.pB1.6.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"la.pr.C41.pB1.7","source":"Quālem spēluncam vīdit?","translation":"What sort of cave did he see?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quālem","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"spēluncam","gloss":"spelunca: cave"},{"text":"vīdit?","gloss":"video: see, perceive"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.pB1.7.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"la.pr.C41.pB1.8","source":"Quid prō leōne facit Androclus?","translation":"What does Androclus do for the lion?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"prō","gloss":"pro: before; in behalf of; instead of"},{"text":"leōne","gloss":"leo2: lion"},{"text":"facit","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"Androclus?","gloss":"Androcles: ring, circle, link, circular form"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.pB1.8.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"la.pr.C41.pB1.9","source":"Quamdiū simul vīxērunt?","translation":"How long did they live together?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quamdiū","gloss":"quamdiu: for how long?"},{"text":"simul","gloss":"at the same time"},{"text":"vīxērunt?","gloss":"vivesco: come to life"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.pB1.9.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"la.pr.C41.pB1.10","source":"Quid prō Androclō faciēbat leō?","translation":"What did the lion do for Androclus?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"prō","gloss":"pro: before; in behalf of; instead of"},{"text":"Androclō","gloss":"Androclō (a name)"},{"text":"faciēbat","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"leō?","gloss":"leo2: lion"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.pB1.10.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"la.pr.C41.pB1.11","source":"Quō cōnsiliō profectus est leō?","translation":"With what purpose did the lion set out?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quō","gloss":"qui2: who"},{"text":"cōnsiliō","gloss":"consilium: plan"},{"text":"profectus","gloss":"proficiscor: set out"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"leō?","gloss":"leo2: lion"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.pB1.11.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"la.pr.C41.pB1.12","source":"Quid intellegit Androclus?","translation":"What does Androclus understand?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"intellegit","gloss":"intellego: understand"},{"text":"Androclus?","gloss":"Androcles: ring, circle, link, circular form"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.pB1.12.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"la.pr.C41.pB1.13","source":"Quid dīcēbant hominēs Androclō et leōne vīsīs?","translation":"What did people say when they had seen Androclus and the lion?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"dīcēbant","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"hominēs","gloss":"homo: man, human being"},{"text":"Androclō","gloss":"Androclō (a name)"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"leōne","gloss":"leo2: lion"},{"text":"vīsīs?","gloss":"video: see, look at"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.pB1.13.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"la.pr.C41.pB2.1","source":"Finge tē esse Androclum. Dēscrībe quid in arēnā acciderit.","translation":"Imagine that you are Androclus. Describe what happened in the arena.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Finge","gloss":"fingo: mold, form, shape"},{"text":"tē","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"esse","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Androclum.","gloss":"Androcles: ring, circle, link, circular form"},{"text":"Dēscrībe","gloss":"describo: describe/draw, mark/trace out"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"arēnā","gloss":"harena: sand, grains of sand"},{"text":"acciderit.","gloss":"accido2: cut, cut into/down/up, hack, hew, fell"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.pB2.1.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"la.pr.C41.pB2.2","source":"Quālis cibus in sōlitūdinibus reperīrī potest?","translation":"What sort of food can be found in the wastes?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quālis","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"cibus","gloss":"food"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"sōlitūdinibus","gloss":"solitudo: solitude, loneliness"},{"text":"reperīrī","gloss":"reperio: find"},{"text":"potest?","gloss":"possum: be able, can"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.pB2.2.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"la.pr.C41.pB2.3","source":"Quōmodo grātiās leō agit?","translation":"How does the lion give thanks?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quōmodo","gloss":"quomodo: how, in what way"},{"text":"grātiās","gloss":"gratia: thanks, gratitude"},{"text":"leō","gloss":"leo2: lion"},{"text":"agit?","gloss":"ago: drive, lead; do, perform"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.pB2.3.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"la.pr.C41.pC.1","source":"Dēscrībe vēnātiōnem.","translation":"Describe a beast hunt.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dēscrībe","gloss":"describo: describe/draw, mark/trace out"},{"text":"vēnātiōnem.","gloss":"venatio: hunting"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.pC.1.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"la.pr.C41.pC.2","source":"Quī virī erant cōnsulārēs?","translation":"What men were of consular rank?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"virī","gloss":"vir: man, hero"},{"text":"erant","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"cōnsulārēs?","gloss":"consularis: consular, of/proper to a consul"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.pC.2.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"la.pr.C41.pC.3","source":"Quae erant leōnis blandīmenta?","translation":"What were the lion's caresses?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quae","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"erant","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"leōnis","gloss":"leo2: lion"},{"text":"blandīmenta?","gloss":"blandimentum: blandishment, coaxing/wheedling behavior, cajolery"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.pC.3.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"la.pr.C41.pC.4","source":"Quid sīgnificat grātulābundus?","translation":"What does grātulābundus mean?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"sīgnificat","gloss":"significo: signify, indicate, show"},{"text":"grātulābundus?","gloss":"gratulabundus: congratulating"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.pC.4.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"la.pr.C41.pC.5","source":"In latebrīs quid faciunt hominēs?","translation":"What do men do in hiding places?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"In","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"latebrīs","gloss":"latebra: hiding place, retreat, lair"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"faciunt","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"hominēs?","gloss":"homo: man, human being"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.pC.5.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"la.pr.C41.pC.6","source":"Spēlunca quid sīgnificat?","translation":"What does spēlunca mean?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Spēlunca","gloss":"spelunca: cave"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"sīgnificat?","gloss":"significo: signify, indicate, show"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C41.pC.6.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"vēnātiōnem","gloss":"hunting, from venatio"},{"word":"bēstiāriī","gloss":"of, from bestiarius"},{"word":"cūiusvīs","gloss":"who, from quivis"},{"word":"immīttitur","gloss":"send in, from immitto"},{"word":"immānitās","gloss":"brutality, savage character"},{"word":"rōbore","gloss":"oak, from robur"},{"word":"terrificōque","gloss":"terrifying, awe inspiring"},{"word":"fremitū","gloss":"roar, loud noise, from fremitus"},{"word":"sonōrō","gloss":"noisy, loud, from sonorus"},{"word":"torīs","gloss":"swelling, protuberance, from tores"},{"word":"comīsque","gloss":"hair, from coma"},{"word":"bēstiārum","gloss":"beast, animal, from bestia"},{"word":"cōnsulāris","gloss":"consular, of"},{"word":"Androclus","gloss":"ring, circle, from Androcles"},{"word":"sēnsim","gloss":"slowly, gradually"},{"word":"placidē","gloss":"gently, calmly"},{"word":"adulantium","gloss":"fawn upon, from adulo"},{"word":"clēmenter","gloss":"leniently, mercifully"},{"word":"blandē","gloss":"in coaxing, charmingly"},{"word":"lēniter","gloss":"mild, gentle, from lenis"},{"word":"dēmulcet","gloss":"stroke, stroke down, from demulceo"},{"word":"atrōcis","gloss":"fierce, savage, from atrox"},{"word":"blandīmenta","gloss":"blandishment, coaxing, from blandimentum"},{"word":"āmīssum","gloss":"loss, from amissus"},{"word":"paulātim","gloss":"little by little, by degrees"},{"word":"contuendum","gloss":"look at, from contueor"},{"word":"recōgnitiōne","gloss":"inspection, examination, from recognitio"},{"word":"grātulābundōs","gloss":"congratulating, from gratulabundus"},{"word":"mīrificam","gloss":"wonderful, from mirificus"},{"word":"admīrandam","gloss":"wonderful, admirable, from admirandus"},{"word":"prōcōnsulārī","gloss":"proconsular, from proconsularis"},{"word":"cottidiānīs","gloss":"daily, everyday, from cottidianus"},{"word":"praeside","gloss":"protector, from praeses"},{"word":"sōlitūdinēs","gloss":"solitude, loneliness, from solitudo"},{"word":"concessī","gloss":"relinquish, from concedo"},{"word":"flagrante","gloss":"be on fire, from flagro"},{"word":"spēluncam","gloss":"cave, from spelunca"},{"word":"latebrōsamque","gloss":"full of lurking places"},{"word":"penetrō","gloss":"enter, penetrate"},{"word":"dēbilī","gloss":"weak, from debilis"},{"word":"cruciātumque","gloss":"crusade"},{"word":"commiserantia","gloss":"feel pity, from commiseror"},{"word":"intrōgrēssus","gloss":"enter, from introgradior"},{"word":"mītis","gloss":"mild, meek"},{"word":"mānsuētus","gloss":"tame, from mansuesco"},{"word":"stirpem","gloss":"race, from stirps"},{"word":"pedī","gloss":"Pedius, from pedis"},{"word":"revellī","gloss":"tear, from revello"},{"word":"conceptamque","gloss":"fetus, that which is conceived"},{"word":"intimō","gloss":"tell, tell about"},{"word":"accūrātiusque","gloss":"carefully, accurately"},{"word":"formīdine","gloss":"fear, from formido"},{"word":"siccāvī","gloss":"dry, drain, from sicco"},{"word":"penitus","gloss":"thoroughly, completely"},{"word":"dētersī","gloss":"wipe, from detergeo"},{"word":"levātus","gloss":"lift, from levo"},{"word":"triennium","gloss":"three years"},{"word":"vīctū","gloss":"living, way of life, from victus"},{"word":"vēnābātur","gloss":"hunt, from venor"},{"word":"suggerēbat","gloss":"suggest, furnish, from suggero"},{"word":"merīdiānō","gloss":"of midday, noon, from meridianus"},{"word":"tosta","gloss":"parch, roast, from torreo"},{"word":"ferīnae","gloss":"game, flesh of wild animals, from ferina"},{"word":"profectō","gloss":"surely, certainly"},{"word":"apprehēnsus","gloss":"seize, grasp, from apprehendo"},{"word":"dēdūctus","gloss":"downward pull"},{"word":"capitālis","gloss":"of"},{"word":"bēstiāsque","gloss":"beast, animal"},{"word":"suffrāgiīs","gloss":"vote, from suffragium"},{"word":"dōnātus","gloss":"present, grant, from dono"},{"word":"revīnctum","gloss":"bind fast, fasten, from revincio"},{"word":"dōnārī","gloss":"part of temple where votive, from donarium"},{"word":"medicus","gloss":"healing, curative"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Pugilēs (Puer Rōmānus 42)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":44,"id":"la.pr.C42.s1.1","source":"Deinde currentium, saltantium, luctātiōnis, pugilum, discōs iaciendī certāmina erant.","translation":"Then there were contests of running, jumping, wrestling, boxing and throwing the discus.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Deinde","gloss":"then, in the next place"},{"text":"currentium,","gloss":"curro: run/trot/gallop, hurry/hasten/speed, move/travel/proceed/flow swiftly/quickly"},{"text":"saltantium,","gloss":"salto: dance, jump"},{"text":"luctātiōnis,","gloss":"luctatio: grief, sorrow, lamentation, mourning"},{"text":"pugilum,","gloss":"pugil: handful, a amount that can be held in the hand/fist"},{"text":"discōs","gloss":"discus: disk/disc"},{"text":"iaciendī","gloss":"throw, hurl, cast"},{"text":"certāmina","gloss":"certamen: contest, competition"},{"text":"erant.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.s1.1.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"la.pr.C42.s1.2","source":"Pugilēs modo, dentifrangibulōs hominēs, dēscrībam.","translation":"I shall describe only the boxers, those tooth-breaking men.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Pugilēs","gloss":"pugil: handful, a amount that can be held in the hand/fist"},{"text":"modo,","gloss":"only, merely, just now"},{"text":"dentifrangibulōs","gloss":"tough, goon, one who knocks out teeth"},{"text":"hominēs,","gloss":"homo: man, human being"},{"text":"dēscrībam.","gloss":"describo: describe/draw, mark/trace out"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.s1.2.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"la.pr.C42.s1.3","source":"Quam lātōs umerōs, quantōs habēbant lacertōs!","translation":"What broad shoulders, what great arms they had!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quam","gloss":"than"},{"text":"lātōs","gloss":"latus: wide"},{"text":"umerōs,","gloss":"umerus: upper arm, shoulder"},{"text":"quantōs","gloss":"quantus: how great"},{"text":"habēbant","gloss":"habeo: have, hold; regard, consider, deem"},{"text":"lacertōs!","gloss":"lacertus: lizard"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.s1.3.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"la.pr.C42.s1.4","source":"Prīmus in arēnam Entellus prōcessit atque in medium duōs caestūs māgnī ponderis prōiēcit; obstupuērunt spectātōrēs, tantō rigēscēbant plumbō et ferrō īnsūtō.","translation":"Entellus came forward first into the arena and threw into the middle two boxing gloves of great weight; the spectators were amazed, so stiff were they with the lead and iron sewn into them.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Prīmus","gloss":"primus: first, foremost/best, chief, principal"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"arēnam","gloss":"harena: sand, grains of sand"},{"text":"Entellus","gloss":"being"},{"text":"prōcessit","gloss":"procedo: go forward, proceed"},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"medium","gloss":"medius: middle, middle of, mid"},{"text":"duōs","gloss":"duo: two"},{"text":"caestūs","gloss":"caestus: band supporting breasts (esp. girdle of Venus)"},{"text":"māgnī","gloss":"magnus: great, large"},{"text":"ponderis","gloss":"pondus: weight, burden, impediment"},{"text":"prōiēcit;","gloss":"proicio: throw down, throw out"},{"text":"obstupuērunt","gloss":"obstupeo: oppose, hinder"},{"text":"spectātōrēs,","gloss":"spectator: spectator"},{"text":"tantō","gloss":"tantus: so great"},{"text":"rigēscēbant","gloss":"grow stiff or numb"},{"text":"plumbō","gloss":"plumbo: solder, lead"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ferrō","gloss":"ferrum: iron"},{"text":"īnsūtō.","gloss":"insuo: sew up (in), sew (on or in)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.s1.4.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"la.pr.C42.s1.5","source":"Alter tamen pugil, nōmine Darēs, haudquāquam vidēbātur timēre.","translation":"The other boxer, Dares by name, seemed not at all afraid.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Alter","gloss":"the one, the other"},{"text":"tamen","gloss":"yet, nevertheless"},{"text":"pugil,","gloss":"handful, a amount that can be held in the hand/fist"},{"text":"nōmine","gloss":"nomen: name, family name"},{"text":"Darēs,","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"haudquāquam","gloss":"haud: not, not at all, by no means"},{"text":"vidēbātur","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"timēre.","gloss":"timeo: fear, dread, be afraid (ne + SUB = lest"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.s1.5.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"la.pr.C42.s1.6","source":"Ambo statim māgnōs artūs, māgna ossa, lacertōsque nūdābant; ingentēs mediā in arēnā cōnsistēbant.","translation":"Both at once bared their great limbs, their great bones and their arms; huge they took their stand in the middle of the arena.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ambo","gloss":"both"},{"text":"statim","gloss":"immediately, at once"},{"text":"māgnōs","gloss":"magnus: great, large"},{"text":"artūs,","gloss":"artus2: narrow/limited space/limits/scope/sphere"},{"text":"māgna","gloss":"magnus: great, large"},{"text":"ossa,","gloss":"ossum: bones (pl.)"},{"text":"lacertōsque","gloss":"lacertus: lizard"},{"text":"nūdābant;","gloss":"nudo: lay bare, strip"},{"text":"ingentēs","gloss":"ingens: not natural, immoderate"},{"text":"mediā","gloss":"medius: middle, middle part of"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"arēnā","gloss":"harena: sand, grains of sand"},{"text":"cōnsistēbant.","gloss":"consisto: stand firmly, halt, take one’s stand"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.s1.6.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"la.pr.C42.s1.7","source":"Ut nōlim tālibus obviam īre noctū, vel in vīcō tenebricōsō et dēsertō!","translation":"How I should not wish to meet such men at night, or in a dark and empty street!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"nōlim","gloss":"nolo: not want, be unwilling"},{"text":"tālibus","gloss":"talis: such"},{"text":"obviam","gloss":"in the way"},{"text":"īre","gloss":"eo: go"},{"text":"noctū,","gloss":"nox: night"},{"text":"vel","gloss":"even, actually"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"vīcō","gloss":"vicus: village"},{"text":"tenebricōsō","gloss":"tenebricosus: dark"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"dēsertō!","gloss":"desertum: abandoned/deserted wife"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.s1.7.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"la.pr.C42.s1.8","source":"Servī paribus caestibus utriusque manūs alligāvērunt; statim uterque in articulōs pedum stetit ērēctus, et intrepidus ērēxit bracchia in altum; iamque ab ictibus alta capita retrō āvertunt; crēberrima inter sē verbera dant, Darēs fortior agilitāte pedum et iuventūte dēfēnsus, Entellus māgnitūdine membrōrum rōbustus, sed genua pigra vacillant trementī, et difficilis anhēlitus vasta membra agitat; cavīs lateribus multōs ingerunt ictūs; ē pectore māgnōs ēdunt sonitūs; nec nōn mālae sub gravibus ictibus crepitant.","translation":"Slaves bound the hands of each with equal gloves; at once each stood upright on the balls of his feet, and fearlessly raised his arms on high; and now they turn their raised heads back and away from the blows; they deal each other blow after blow, Dares stronger, protected by his quickness of foot and his youth, Entellus sturdy in the size of his limbs, but his sluggish knees waver as he trembles, and a difficult panting shakes his huge limbs; they land many blows on each other's hollow sides; great sounds come from their chests; and their jaws crack under the heavy blows.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Servī","gloss":"servus: slave, servant"},{"text":"paribus","gloss":"par: equal (to)"},{"text":"caestibus","gloss":"caestus: band supporting breasts (esp. girdle of Venus)"},{"text":"utriusque","gloss":"uterque: each (of two)"},{"text":"manūs","gloss":"manus: manna"},{"text":"alligāvērunt;","gloss":"alligo: bind/fetter (to)"},{"text":"statim","gloss":"immediately, at once"},{"text":"uterque","gloss":"each (of two)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"articulōs","gloss":"articulus: joint"},{"text":"pedum","gloss":"pes: foot"},{"text":"stetit","gloss":"sto: stand, stand still, stand firm"},{"text":"ērēctus,","gloss":"erigo: raise, erect, build"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"intrepidus","gloss":"undaunted, fearless, untroubled"},{"text":"ērēxit","gloss":"erigo: raise, erect, build"},{"text":"bracchia","gloss":"bracchium: forearm, arm"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"altum;","gloss":"altus: high, tall, deep"},{"text":"iamque","gloss":"jamque: now, already, by/even now"},{"text":"ab","gloss":"from, by"},{"text":"ictibus","gloss":"ictus2: blow"},{"text":"alta","gloss":"altus: high, tall, deep"},{"text":"capita","gloss":"caput: head"},{"text":"retrō","gloss":"retro: backwards, back, to the rear"},{"text":"āvertunt;","gloss":"averto: turn away from/aside, divert, rout"},{"text":"crēberrima","gloss":"creber: thick/crowded/packed/close set"},{"text":"inter","gloss":"between, among"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"verbera","gloss":"verber: lash, whip"},{"text":"dant,","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"Darēs","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"fortior","gloss":"fortis: brave"},{"text":"agilitāte","gloss":"agilitas: activity, quickness (mind/body), nimbleness, ease of movement"},{"text":"pedum","gloss":"pes: foot"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"iuventūte","gloss":"juventus: youth"},{"text":"dēfēnsus,","gloss":"defendo: defend/guard/protect, look after"},{"text":"Entellus","gloss":"being"},{"text":"māgnitūdine","gloss":"magnitudo: size, magnitude, bulk"},{"text":"membrōrum","gloss":"membrum: member, limb, organ"},{"text":"rōbustus,","gloss":"robustus: of oak"},{"text":"sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"genua","gloss":"genu: cheeks (pl.)"},{"text":"pigra","gloss":"piger: lazy, slow, dull"},{"text":"vacillant","gloss":"vacillo: stagger, totter"},{"text":"trementī,","gloss":"tremo: tremble, shake, shudder at"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"difficilis","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"anhēlitus","gloss":"anhelitus: panting, puffing, gasping, shortness of breath"},{"text":"vasta","gloss":"vastus: huge, vast"},{"text":"membra","gloss":"membrum: member, limb, organ"},{"text":"agitat;","gloss":"agito: stir/drive/shake/move about"},{"text":"cavīs","gloss":"cavum: hollow"},{"text":"lateribus","gloss":"latus2: side, flank"},{"text":"multōs","gloss":"multus: much; many"},{"text":"ingerunt","gloss":"ingero: carry in, throw in"},{"text":"ictūs;","gloss":"ictus2: blow, stroke"},{"text":"ē","gloss":"ex: out of, from"},{"text":"pectore","gloss":"pectus: breast, heart"},{"text":"māgnōs","gloss":"magnus: great, large"},{"text":"ēdunt","gloss":"edo2: eat/consume/devour"},{"text":"sonitūs;","gloss":"sonitus: noise, loud sound"},{"text":"nec","gloss":"neque: neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"mālae","gloss":"mala: cheeks, jaws"},{"text":"sub","gloss":"under, below, up to; at"},{"text":"gravibus","gloss":"gravis: heavy, severe, serious"},{"text":"ictibus","gloss":"ictus2: blow"},{"text":"crepitant.","gloss":"crepito: rattle/clatter"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.s1.8.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"la.pr.C42.s1.9","source":"Entellus cōnsistit gravis et immōtus eōdem in statū, tantummodo ēlūdit ictūs corpore et oculīs vigilantibus.","translation":"Entellus stands heavy and unmoving in the same position, and only dodges the blows with his body and his watchful eyes.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Entellus","gloss":"being"},{"text":"cōnsistit","gloss":"consisto: stop/stand/halt/cease"},{"text":"gravis","gloss":"heavy, severe, serious"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"immōtus","gloss":"immotus: unmoved, unchanged"},{"text":"eōdem","gloss":"idem: the same"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"statū,","gloss":"sisto: stop, check"},{"text":"tantummodo","gloss":"tantus: so great"},{"text":"ēlūdit","gloss":"eludo: elude, escape from"},{"text":"ictūs","gloss":"ictus2: blow, stroke"},{"text":"corpore","gloss":"corpus: body"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"oculīs","gloss":"oculus: eye"},{"text":"vigilantibus.","gloss":"vigilo: remain awake, be awake"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.s1.9.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"la.pr.C42.s1.10","source":"Alter dolōsē nunc hōs, nunc illōs tentat aditūs, frustrāque variō impetū premit.","translation":"The other craftily tries now these openings, now those, and presses him in vain with one attack after another.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Alter","gloss":"the one, the other"},{"text":"dolōsē","gloss":"craftily, cunningly"},{"text":"nunc","gloss":"now, the present moment"},{"text":"hōs,","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"nunc","gloss":"now, the present moment"},{"text":"illōs","gloss":"ille: that"},{"text":"tentat","gloss":"tento: handle, feel"},{"text":"aditūs,","gloss":"aditus2: approach, access"},{"text":"frustrāque","gloss":"frustra: in vain"},{"text":"variō","gloss":"varius: different"},{"text":"impetū","gloss":"impetus: attack, assault, charge"},{"text":"premit.","gloss":"premo: press, press hard, pursue"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.s1.10.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"la.pr.C42.s1.11","source":"Entellus īnsurgēns ostendit dextram et altē tollit, alter celer praevidet ictum, et levī corpore ēlāpsus effugit.","translation":"Entellus rises up, shows his right hand and lifts it high, and the other is quick to foresee the blow and slips away with his light body and escapes.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Entellus","gloss":"being"},{"text":"īnsurgēns","gloss":"insurgo: rise up"},{"text":"ostendit","gloss":"ostendo: show"},{"text":"dextram","gloss":"dexter: right"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"altē","gloss":"alo: nourish, bring up"},{"text":"tollit,","gloss":"tollo: lift, raise"},{"text":"alter","gloss":"the one, the other"},{"text":"celer","gloss":"swift"},{"text":"praevidet","gloss":"praevideo: foresee, see in advance"},{"text":"ictum,","gloss":"ictus2: blow, stroke"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"levī","gloss":"levis: light, thin, trivial, trifling, slight"},{"text":"corpore","gloss":"corpus: body"},{"text":"ēlāpsus","gloss":"lapse"},{"text":"effugit.","gloss":"effugio: flee/escape"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.s1.11.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"la.pr.C42.s1.12","source":"Entellus in aurās effundit impetum et ipse gravis et graviter māgnō pondere in terram prōcumbit.","translation":"Entellus pours out his blow into the air, and himself, heavy, falls heavily with his great weight to the ground.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Entellus","gloss":"being"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"aurās","gloss":"aura: air, breeze"},{"text":"effundit","gloss":"effundo: pour out/away/off"},{"text":"impetum","gloss":"impetus: attack"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ipse","gloss":"self; even, very"},{"text":"gravis","gloss":"heavy, severe, serious"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"graviter","gloss":"heavily; greatly, seriously"},{"text":"māgnō","gloss":"magnus: great, large"},{"text":"pondere","gloss":"pondus: weight, burden, impediment"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"terram","gloss":"terra: land"},{"text":"prōcumbit.","gloss":"procumbo: sink down, lie down, lean forward"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.s1.12.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"la.pr.C42.s1.13","source":"Dīversīs studiīs spectātōrēs omnēs surgunt, aliī cachinnōs, aliī misericordiae clāmōrēs tollunt; strepitus ad caelum mīttitur.","translation":"With differing feelings all the spectators rise, some raising laughter, others cries of pity; the noise is sent up to the sky.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dīversīs","gloss":"diverto: separate"},{"text":"studiīs","gloss":"studium: eagerness, enthusiasm, zeal, spirit"},{"text":"spectātōrēs","gloss":"spectator: spectator"},{"text":"omnēs","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"surgunt,","gloss":"surgo: rise, lift"},{"text":"aliī","gloss":"alius2: another, other"},{"text":"cachinnōs,","gloss":"cachinnus: loud/excessive/boisterous/derisive laugh, guffaw"},{"text":"aliī","gloss":"alius2: another, other"},{"text":"misericordiae","gloss":"misericordia: pity, sympathy"},{"text":"clāmōrēs","gloss":"clamor: shout, outcry/protest"},{"text":"tollunt;","gloss":"tollo: lift, raise"},{"text":"strepitus","gloss":"noise, racket"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"caelum","gloss":"sky, heavens"},{"text":"mīttitur.","gloss":"mitto: send, throw, hurl, cast"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.s1.13.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"la.pr.C42.s1.14","source":"Sed Entellus, tantō cāsū neque tardātus neque territus surgit ardentiorque ad pūgnam redit; īra vim addit et fortitūdō sibi cōnscia vīrēs īnflammat; tōtō campō currentem Darēta urget, nunc dextrā, nunc sinistrā ictūs dat.","translation":"But Entellus, neither slowed nor frightened by so great a fall, rises and comes back to the fight all the keener; anger adds force, and courage that knows itself kindles his strength; he presses Dares as he runs over the whole ground, and deals blows now with the right hand, now with the left.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"Entellus,","gloss":"being"},{"text":"tantō","gloss":"tantus: so great"},{"text":"cāsū","gloss":"casus: cottage/small humble dwelling, hut/hovel"},{"text":"neque","gloss":"neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"tardātus","gloss":"tardo: check, retard"},{"text":"neque","gloss":"neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"territus","gloss":"terreo: frighten, scare, terrify, deter"},{"text":"surgit","gloss":"surgo: rise, lift"},{"text":"ardentiorque","gloss":"burning, flaming, glowing, fiery"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"pūgnam","gloss":"pugna: battle, fight"},{"text":"redit;","gloss":"redeo: return, go back, give back"},{"text":"īra","gloss":"ira: anger"},{"text":"vim","gloss":"vis: strength (sg. only), force, power, might, violence"},{"text":"addit","gloss":"addo: add, insert, bring/attach to, say in addition"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"fortitūdō","gloss":"fortitudo: strength, courage, valor"},{"text":"sibi","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"cōnscia","gloss":"conscius: conscious, aware of, knowing, privy (to)"},{"text":"vīrēs","gloss":"vis: strength, power, might, violence"},{"text":"īnflammat;","gloss":"inflammo: set on fire, inflame, kindle"},{"text":"tōtō","gloss":"totus: all, the whole, entire"},{"text":"campō","gloss":"campus: plain, field"},{"text":"currentem","gloss":"curro: run/trot/gallop, hurry/hasten/speed, move/travel/proceed/flow swiftly/quickly"},{"text":"Darēta","gloss":"Darēta (a name)"},{"text":"urget,","gloss":"urgeo: press/squeeze/bear hard/down"},{"text":"nunc","gloss":"now, the present moment"},{"text":"dextrā,","gloss":"dexter: right"},{"text":"nunc","gloss":"now, the present moment"},{"text":"sinistrā","gloss":"sinister: left"},{"text":"ictūs","gloss":"ictus2: blow, stroke"},{"text":"dat.","gloss":"do: give"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.s1.14.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"la.pr.C42.s1.15","source":"Neque mora, neque requiēs erat; sed quam dēnsā grandine nimbī super tēcta crepitant, tam dēnsīs ictibus Entellus utrāque manū frequēns verberat Darēta agitatque.","translation":"There was no delay and no rest; but as thick as the rain clouds rattle with hail on the roofs, so thick are the blows with which Entellus strikes and drives Dares again and again with both hands.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Neque","gloss":"neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"mora,","gloss":"delay, hindrance, obstacle"},{"text":"neque","gloss":"neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"requiēs","gloss":"requies: rest (from labor), respite"},{"text":"erat;","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"quam","gloss":"than"},{"text":"dēnsā","gloss":"densus: dense"},{"text":"grandine","gloss":"grando: hail, hail-storm"},{"text":"nimbī","gloss":"nimbus: rainstorm, cloud"},{"text":"super","gloss":"over, above"},{"text":"tēcta","gloss":"tectum: roof"},{"text":"crepitant,","gloss":"crepito: rattle/clatter"},{"text":"tam","gloss":"so"},{"text":"dēnsīs","gloss":"densus: thick/dense/solid"},{"text":"ictibus","gloss":"ictus2: blow"},{"text":"Entellus","gloss":"being"},{"text":"utrāque","gloss":"uterque: each of two, each, both"},{"text":"manū","gloss":"manus: hand; band, force"},{"text":"frequēns","gloss":"frequens: crowded"},{"text":"verberat","gloss":"verbero: beat, strike, lash"},{"text":"Darēta","gloss":"Darēta (a name)"},{"text":"agitatque.","gloss":"agito: stir/drive/shake/move about"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.s1.15.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"la.pr.C42.s1.16","source":"Tum dēmum, fīne certāminis indictō, servī quīdam Darēta subdūxērunt dēfatīgātum, genua īnfīrma trahentem, utrimque moventem caput, sanguinem spissum āc dentēs cum sanguine mīxtōs ex ōre exspuentem Dentilegum scīlicet eum fēcerat Entellus.","translation":"Then at last, when the end of the contest had been declared, some slaves led Dares away, worn out, dragging his weak knees, moving his head from side to side, spitting out of his mouth thick blood and teeth mixed with the blood; Entellus had clearly made him a tooth-gatherer.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tum","gloss":"then, at that time"},{"text":"dēmum,","gloss":"demum: at last, not till then"},{"text":"fīne","gloss":"finis: boundary, end, limit, goal"},{"text":"certāminis","gloss":"certamen: contest, competition"},{"text":"indictō,","gloss":"indictus2: not said/mentioned"},{"text":"servī","gloss":"servus: slave, servant"},{"text":"quīdam","gloss":"quidam: a certain one, a certain, a"},{"text":"Darēta","gloss":"Darēta (a name)"},{"text":"subdūxērunt","gloss":"subduco: lead up, carry off"},{"text":"dēfatīgātum,","gloss":"defatigo: tire (out), exhaust"},{"text":"genua","gloss":"genu: cheeks (pl.)"},{"text":"īnfīrma","gloss":"infirmus: weak/fragile/frail/feeble"},{"text":"trahentem,","gloss":"traho: draw, drag, haul"},{"text":"utrimque","gloss":"on each side, on either hand"},{"text":"moventem","gloss":"moveo: move, stir, agitate, affect, provoke, disturb"},{"text":"caput,","gloss":"head"},{"text":"sanguinem","gloss":"sanguis: blood"},{"text":"spissum","gloss":"spissus: thick, dense, crowded"},{"text":"āc","gloss":"atque: and"},{"text":"dentēs","gloss":"dens: tooth"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"sanguine","gloss":"sanguis: blood"},{"text":"mīxtōs","gloss":"misceo: mix, mingle"},{"text":"ex","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"ōre","gloss":"os: mouth, speech, expression"},{"text":"exspuentem","gloss":"spit out"},{"text":"Dentilegum","gloss":"one who collects teeth (that were knocked out)"},{"text":"scīlicet","gloss":"scilicet: of course"},{"text":"eum","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"fēcerat","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"Entellus.","gloss":"being"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.s1.16.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"la.pr.C42.s1.17","source":"Caput etiam tumōre māgnō tumēbat, quem sī Zōpyrus ille physiōgnōmōn vīdisset omnium sapientissimum hominum esse dīxisset.","translation":"His head was also swollen with a great swelling, which, if that reader of faces Zopyrus had seen it, he would have said that he was the wisest of all men.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Caput","gloss":"head"},{"text":"etiam","gloss":"yet, still; also, besides"},{"text":"tumōre","gloss":"tumor: swollen or distended condition, swelling"},{"text":"māgnō","gloss":"magnus: great, large"},{"text":"tumēbat,","gloss":"tumeo: swell, become inflated"},{"text":"quem","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"sī","gloss":"si: if"},{"text":"Zōpyrus","gloss":"Zopyrus: Zopyrus (a name)"},{"text":"ille","gloss":"that; he, she, it"},{"text":"physiōgnōmōn","gloss":"physiognomon: physiognomist, one who reads character/foretells destiny from the face"},{"text":"vīdisset","gloss":"video: see, look at"},{"text":"omnium","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"sapientissimum","gloss":"sapio: taste of"},{"text":"hominum","gloss":"homo: man, human being"},{"text":"esse","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"dīxisset.","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.s1.17.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"la.pr.C42.pB1.1","source":"Dēscribe pugilēs.","translation":"Describe the boxers.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dēscribe","gloss":"describo: describe/draw, mark/trace out"},{"text":"pugilēs.","gloss":"pugil: handful, a amount that can be held in the hand/fist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.pB1.1.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"la.pr.C42.pB1.2","source":"Quid fēcit Entellus?","translation":"What did Entellus do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"fēcit","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"Entellus?","gloss":"being"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.pB1.2.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"la.pr.C42.pB1.3","source":"Quālēs caestūs gerēbat?","translation":"What sort of gloves did he wear?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quālēs","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"caestūs","gloss":"caestus: band supporting breasts (esp. girdle of Venus)"},{"text":"gerēbat?","gloss":"gero: bear, carry on; wear"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.pB1.3.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"la.pr.C42.pB1.4","source":"Quid prīmō fēcērunt Entellus et Darēs?","translation":"What did Entellus and Dares do first?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"prīmō","gloss":"primus: first"},{"text":"fēcērunt","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"Entellus","gloss":"being"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Darēs?","gloss":"do: give"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.pB1.4.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"la.pr.C42.pB1.5","source":"Quid faciunt servī?","translation":"What do the slaves do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"faciunt","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"servī?","gloss":"servus: slave, servant"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.pB1.5.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"la.pr.C42.pB1.6","source":"Cōnfer Darēta cum Entellō.","translation":"Compare Dares with Entellus.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cōnfer","gloss":"confero: bring together, carry/convey"},{"text":"Darēta","gloss":"Darēta (a name)"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"Entellō.","gloss":"Entellus: being"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.pB1.6.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"la.pr.C42.pB1.7","source":"Quid fēcērunt spectātōrēs cum Entellus prōcubuisset?","translation":"What did the spectators do when Entellus had fallen?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"fēcērunt","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"spectātōrēs","gloss":"spectator: spectator"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"Entellus","gloss":"being"},{"text":"prōcubuisset?","gloss":"procumbo: sink down, lie down, lean forward"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.pB1.7.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"la.pr.C42.pB1.8","source":"Quālis rediit Entellus?","translation":"In what state did Entellus come back?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quālis","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"rediit","gloss":"redeo: go back, return"},{"text":"Entellus?","gloss":"being"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.pB1.8.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"la.pr.C42.pB1.9","source":"Quālis erat Darēs post pūgnam?","translation":"What was Dares like after the fight?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quālis","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Darēs","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"post","gloss":"behind, after"},{"text":"pūgnam?","gloss":"pugna: battle, fight"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.pB1.9.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"la.pr.C42.pB2.1","source":"Dēscrībe pugilum pūgnam.","translation":"Describe the boxers' fight.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dēscrībe","gloss":"describo: describe/draw, mark/trace out"},{"text":"pugilum","gloss":"pugil: handful, a amount that can be held in the hand/fist"},{"text":"pūgnam.","gloss":"pugna: battle, fight"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.pB2.1.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"la.pr.C42.pB2.2","source":"Cūr vīcit Entellus?","translation":"Why did Entellus win?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"vīcit","gloss":"vinco: conquer"},{"text":"Entellus?","gloss":"being"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.pB2.2.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"la.pr.C42.pB2.3","source":"Finge tē esse Entellum et pūgnam cum Darēte dēscrībe.","translation":"Imagine that you are Entellus and describe the fight with Dares.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Finge","gloss":"fingo: mold, form, shape"},{"text":"tē","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"esse","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Entellum","gloss":"Entellus: being"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"pūgnam","gloss":"pugna: battle, fight"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"Darēte","gloss":"Darēte (a name)"},{"text":"dēscrībe.","gloss":"describo: describe/draw, mark/trace out"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.pB2.3.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"la.pr.C42.pC.1","source":"Quid sīgnificat caestus?","translation":"What does caestus mean?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"sīgnificat","gloss":"significo: signify, indicate, show"},{"text":"caestus?","gloss":"band supporting breasts (esp. girdle of Venus)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.pC.1.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"la.pr.C42.pC.2","source":"Ēnumerā et dēscrībe corporis partēs.","translation":"List and describe the parts of the body.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ēnumerā","gloss":"enumero: count up, pay out"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"dēscrībe","gloss":"describo: describe/draw, mark/trace out"},{"text":"corporis","gloss":"corpus: body"},{"text":"partēs.","gloss":"pars: part, region, direction"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C42.pC.2.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"luctātiōnis","gloss":"grief, sorrow, from luctatio"},{"word":"iaciendī","gloss":"throw, hurl"},{"word":"dentifrangibulōs","gloss":"tough, goon"},{"word":"Entellus","gloss":"being"},{"word":"caestūs","gloss":"band supporting breasts"},{"word":"obstupuērunt","gloss":"oppose, hinder, from obstupeo"},{"word":"rigēscēbant","gloss":"grow stiff or numb"},{"word":"plumbō","gloss":"solder, lead"},{"word":"īnsūtō","gloss":"sew up, sew, from insuo"},{"word":"obviam","gloss":"in the way"},{"word":"dēsertō","gloss":"abandoned, from desertum"},{"word":"paribus","gloss":"equal, from par"},{"word":"alligāvērunt","gloss":"bind, from alligo"},{"word":"intrepidus","gloss":"undaunted, fearless"},{"word":"retrō","gloss":"backwards, back"},{"word":"crēberrima","gloss":"frequent, from creber"},{"word":"agilitāte","gloss":"activity, quickness, from agilitas"},{"word":"iuventūte","gloss":"youth, from juventus"},{"word":"pigra","gloss":"lazy, slow, from piger"},{"word":"vacillant","gloss":"stagger, totter, from vacillo"},{"word":"trementī","gloss":"tremble, shake, from tremo"},{"word":"anhēlitus","gloss":"panting, puffing"},{"word":"vasta","gloss":"huge, vast, from vastus"},{"word":"agitat","gloss":"stir, from agito"},{"word":"cavīs","gloss":"hollow, from cavum"},{"word":"ingerunt","gloss":"carry in, throw in, from ingero"},{"word":"mālae","gloss":"bad, wicked, from mala"},{"word":"immōtus","gloss":"unmoved, unchanged"},{"word":"ēlūdit","gloss":"elude, escape from, from eludo"},{"word":"dolōsē","gloss":"craftily, cunningly"},{"word":"tentat","gloss":"handle, feel, from tento"},{"word":"aditūs","gloss":"approach, access"},{"word":"īnsurgēns","gloss":"rise up, from insurgo"},{"word":"praevidet","gloss":"foresee, see in advance, from praevideo"},{"word":"ēlāpsus","gloss":"lapse"},{"word":"Dīversīs","gloss":"separate, from diverto"},{"word":"cachinnōs","gloss":"loud, guffaw, from cachinnus"},{"word":"tardātus","gloss":"check, retard, from tardo"},{"word":"territus","gloss":"frighten, scare, from terreo"},{"word":"ardentiorque","gloss":"burning, flaming"},{"word":"īnflammat","gloss":"set on fire, inflame, from inflammo"},{"word":"requiēs","gloss":"rest, respite"},{"word":"grandine","gloss":"hail, hail-storm, from grando"},{"word":"nimbī","gloss":"rainstorm, cloud, from nimbus"},{"word":"utrimque","gloss":"on each side, on either"},{"word":"spissum","gloss":"thick, dense, from spissus"},{"word":"exspuentem","gloss":"spit out"},{"word":"Dentilegum","gloss":"one who collects teeth"},{"word":"tumēbat","gloss":"swell, become inflated, from tumeo"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Gladiātōrēs (Puer Rōmānus 43)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":75,"id":"la.pr.C43.s1.1","source":"‘At tuba terribilī sonitū taratantara dīxit’ et gladiātōrēs intrāvērunt.","translation":"'And the trumpet with its terrible sound said taratantara,' and the gladiators came in.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"‘At","gloss":"but"},{"text":"tuba","gloss":"trumpet (straight tube)"},{"text":"terribilī","gloss":"terribilis: frightful, terrible"},{"text":"sonitū","gloss":"sonitus: noise, loud sound"},{"text":"taratantara","gloss":"taratantara (the trumpet's blare)"},{"text":"dīxit’","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"gladiātōrēs","gloss":"gladiator: gladiator"},{"text":"intrāvērunt.","gloss":"intro2: enter"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.s1.1.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"la.pr.C43.s1.2","source":"Ad imperātōrem versī ‘Moritūrī tē salūtant’ clāmāvērunt et statim ācriter pūgnātur.","translation":"Turning to the emperor they cried, 'Those about to die salute you,' and at once the fighting is fierce.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"imperātōrem","gloss":"imperator: commander in chief, general"},{"text":"versī","gloss":"verro: sweep clean"},{"text":"‘Moritūrī","gloss":"morior: die"},{"text":"tē","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"salūtant’","gloss":"saluto: greet"},{"text":"clāmāvērunt","gloss":"clamo: proclaim, declare"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"statim","gloss":"immediately, at once"},{"text":"ācriter","gloss":"acriter: sharply, fiercely"},{"text":"pūgnātur.","gloss":"pugno: fight"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.s1.2.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"la.pr.C43.s1.3","source":"Aliī rētiāriī, mirmillōnēs aliī vocantur; hī enim in galeīs piscis effigiem gerunt, illī rēte et fuscinam (vel tridentem) habent.","translation":"Some are called net men, others murmillos; for the latter carry the figure of a fish on their helmets, while the former have a net and a fish-spear (or trident).","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Aliī","gloss":"alius2: another, other"},{"text":"rētiāriī,","gloss":"retiarius: net-fighter in the arena"},{"text":"mirmillōnēs","gloss":"mirmillō: murmillo (a gladiator with a fish on his helmet)"},{"text":"aliī","gloss":"alius2: another, other"},{"text":"vocantur;","gloss":"voco: call, summon"},{"text":"hī","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"enim","gloss":"for, in fact, indeed."},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"galeīs","gloss":"galea: helmet"},{"text":"piscis","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"effigiem","gloss":"effigies: image, likeness, effigy"},{"text":"gerunt,","gloss":"gero: bear, carry, wear"},{"text":"illī","gloss":"ille: that; he, she, it"},{"text":"rēte","gloss":"rete: net, snare"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"fuscinam","gloss":"fuscina: trident, three-pronged fishing spear"},{"text":"(vel","gloss":"even, actually"},{"text":"tridentem)","gloss":"tridens: with three teeth"},{"text":"habent.","gloss":"habeo: have, hold; regard, consider, deem"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.s1.3.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"la.pr.C43.s1.4","source":"Rētiārius quīdam rētī suō mirmillōnem implicāre cōnābātur et fugientī illī ‘Nōn tē’ clāmāvit ‘petō, piscem petō; quid mē fugis, Galle?","translation":"One net man was trying to entangle a murmillo in his net, and as the other fled he cried, 'It is not you I am after, it is the fish I am after; why do you run from me, Gaul?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Rētiārius","gloss":"retiarius: net-fighter in the arena"},{"text":"quīdam","gloss":"quidam: a certain one, a certain, a"},{"text":"rētī","gloss":"rete: net, snare"},{"text":"suō","gloss":"suus: his, her, hers, its, their, theirs"},{"text":"mirmillōnem","gloss":"mirmillō: murmillo (a gladiator with a fish on his helmet)"},{"text":"implicāre","gloss":"implico: implicate"},{"text":"cōnābātur","gloss":"conor: attempt/try/endeavor, make an effort"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"fugientī","gloss":"fugio: flee, fly, run away"},{"text":"illī","gloss":"ille: that; he, she, it"},{"text":"‘Nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"tē’","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"clāmāvit","gloss":"clamo: proclaim, declare"},{"text":"‘petō,","gloss":"peto: attack"},{"text":"piscem","gloss":"piscis: fish"},{"text":"petō;","gloss":"peto: attack"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"mē","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"fugis,","gloss":"fugio: flee, fly, run away"},{"text":"Galle?","gloss":"Gallus: Gallic, of Gaul/the Gauls"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.s1.4.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"la.pr.C43.s1.5","source":"Piscārī volō’.","translation":"I want to fish.'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Piscārī","gloss":"piscarius: fish-"},{"text":"volō’.","gloss":"volo: wish, want, prefer"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.s1.5.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"la.pr.C43.s1.6","source":"Quō audītō omnēs facētiās hominis laudāvēre; at ille rētī iactō mirmillōnem implicāvit—‘Habet, habet’, clāmāvērunt omnēs, et ille victor ad imperātōrem versus sīgnum exspectābat.","translation":"When they heard this everyone praised the man's wit; but he threw his net and entangled the murmillo. 'He has him, he has him,' they all cried, and the victor turned to the emperor and waited for the signal.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quō","gloss":"quo: whither, where; in order to, that"},{"text":"audītō","gloss":"audio: hear, listen to"},{"text":"omnēs","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"facētiās","gloss":"facetia: wit (pl.), joke"},{"text":"hominis","gloss":"homo: man, human being"},{"text":"laudāvēre;","gloss":"laudo: recommend"},{"text":"at","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ille","gloss":"that; he, she, it"},{"text":"rētī","gloss":"rete: net, snare"},{"text":"iactō","gloss":"jacto: throw away, throw out, throw, jerk about"},{"text":"mirmillōnem","gloss":"mirmillō: murmillo (a gladiator with a fish on his helmet)"},{"text":"implicāvit—‘Habet,","gloss":"implico: implicate; habeo: have, hold; regard, consider, deem"},{"text":"habet’,","gloss":"habeo: have, hold; regard, consider, deem"},{"text":"clāmāvērunt","gloss":"clamo: proclaim, declare"},{"text":"omnēs,","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ille","gloss":"that; he, she, it"},{"text":"victor","gloss":"victor"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"imperātōrem","gloss":"imperator: commander in chief, general"},{"text":"versus","gloss":"verto: turn"},{"text":"sīgnum","gloss":"signum: battle standard"},{"text":"exspectābat.","gloss":"exspecto: lookout for, await"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.s1.6.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"la.pr.C43.s1.7","source":"Imperātor quippe quī intellegeret spectātōrēs rētiāriō favēre, pollicem vertit et sīgnum mortis dedit (sīgnum parcendī pollice pressō datur).","translation":"The emperor, understanding that the spectators favoured the net man, turned his thumb and gave the signal of death (the signal to spare is given with the thumb pressed down).","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Imperātor","gloss":"imperator: commander in chief, general"},{"text":"quippe","gloss":"of course"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"intellegeret","gloss":"intellego: understand"},{"text":"spectātōrēs","gloss":"spectator: spectator"},{"text":"rētiāriō","gloss":"retiarius: net-fighter in the arena"},{"text":"favēre,","gloss":"faveo: favor (w/DAT), befriend, support, back up"},{"text":"pollicem","gloss":"pollex: thumb"},{"text":"vertit","gloss":"verto: turn, change"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"sīgnum","gloss":"signum: battle standard"},{"text":"mortis","gloss":"mors: bite, sting"},{"text":"dedit","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"(sīgnum","gloss":"signum: battle standard"},{"text":"parcendī","gloss":"parco: forbear, refrain from"},{"text":"pollice","gloss":"pollex: thumb"},{"text":"pressō","gloss":"presso: press, squeeze"},{"text":"datur).","gloss":"do: give"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.s1.7.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"la.pr.C43.s1.8","source":"Interfectum mirmillōnem servī ex arēnā uncō traxērunt.","translation":"Slaves dragged the murmillo, who had been killed, out of the arena with a hook.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Interfectum","gloss":"interficio: kill"},{"text":"mirmillōnem","gloss":"mirmillō: murmillo (a gladiator with a fish on his helmet)"},{"text":"servī","gloss":"servus: slave, servant"},{"text":"ex","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"arēnā","gloss":"harena: sand, grains of sand"},{"text":"uncō","gloss":"unco: unite, combine into one"},{"text":"traxērunt.","gloss":"traho: draw, drag, haul"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.s1.8.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"la.pr.C43.s1.9","source":"Neque plūs vidēre poteram sed patrem statim ōrāvī ut mē a tam saevō spectāculō abdūceret.","translation":"I could see no more, but at once begged my father to take me away from so cruel a show.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Neque","gloss":"neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"plūs","gloss":"multus: much; many"},{"text":"vidēre","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"poteram","gloss":"possum: be able, can"},{"text":"sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"patrem","gloss":"pater: father"},{"text":"statim","gloss":"immediately, at once"},{"text":"ōrāvī","gloss":"oro: beg, ask for, pray"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"mē","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"a","gloss":"from, by, off"},{"text":"tam","gloss":"so"},{"text":"saevō","gloss":"saevus: fierce, savage"},{"text":"spectāculō","gloss":"spectaculum: show, spectacle"},{"text":"abdūceret.","gloss":"abduco: lead away, carry off"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.s1.9.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"la.pr.C43.s1.10","source":"Domum igitur rediimus.","translation":"So we went home.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Domum","gloss":"domus: house, home"},{"text":"igitur","gloss":"therefore, then"},{"text":"rediimus.","gloss":"redeo: return, go back, give back"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.s1.10.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"la.pr.C43.pB1.1","source":"Quae verba ante pūgnam solēbant clāmāre gladiātōrēs?","translation":"What words did the gladiators usually cry before the fight?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quae","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"verba","gloss":"verbum: word"},{"text":"ante","gloss":"before"},{"text":"pūgnam","gloss":"pugna: battle, fight"},{"text":"solēbant","gloss":"soleo: be wont, be accustomed"},{"text":"clāmāre","gloss":"clamo: proclaim, declare"},{"text":"gladiātōrēs?","gloss":"gladiator: gladiator"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.pB1.1.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"la.pr.C43.pB1.2","source":"Post illa verba quid fīēbat?","translation":"After those words, what happened?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Post","gloss":"behind, after"},{"text":"illa","gloss":"ille: that; he, she, it"},{"text":"verba","gloss":"verbum: word"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"fīēbat?","gloss":"fio: become, be made"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.pB1.2.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"la.pr.C43.pB1.3","source":"Quid gerēbat rētiārius? Quid mirmillō?","translation":"What did the net man carry? What the murmillo?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"gerēbat","gloss":"gero: bear, carry on; wear"},{"text":"rētiārius?","gloss":"retiarius: net-fighter in the arena"},{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"mirmillō?","gloss":"murmillo (a gladiator with a fish on his helmet)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.pB1.3.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"la.pr.C43.pB1.4","source":"Cuī favēbant spectātōrēs?","translation":"Whom did the spectators favour?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cuī","gloss":"qui: who, which"},{"text":"favēbant","gloss":"faveo: be favorable to, favor"},{"text":"spectātōrēs?","gloss":"spectator: spectator"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.pB1.4.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"la.pr.C43.pB1.5","source":"Quid mortis sīgnum erat?","translation":"What was the signal of death?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"mortis","gloss":"mors: bite, sting"},{"text":"sīgnum","gloss":"signum: battle standard"},{"text":"erat?","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.pB1.5.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"la.pr.C43.pB1.6","source":"Quis interfectus est?","translation":"Who was killed?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quis","gloss":"who?"},{"text":"interfectus","gloss":"interficio: kill"},{"text":"est?","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.pB1.6.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"la.pr.C43.pB1.7","source":"Quid factum est mirmillōne interfectō?","translation":"What was done when the murmillo had been killed?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"factum","gloss":"fact, deed, act"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"mirmillōne","gloss":"mirmillō: murmillo (a gladiator with a fish on his helmet)"},{"text":"interfectō?","gloss":"interficio: kill"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.pB1.7.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"la.pr.C43.pB2.1","source":"Verte in ōrātiōnem oblīquam:— Moritūrī tē salūtant.","translation":"Turn into indirect speech: Those about to die salute you.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Verte","gloss":"verto: turn, turn around"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"ōrātiōnem","gloss":"oratio: speech, oration"},{"text":"oblīquam:—","gloss":"obliquus: slanting"},{"text":"Moritūrī","gloss":"morior: die"},{"text":"tē","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"salūtant.","gloss":"saluto: greet"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.pB2.1.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"la.pr.C43.pB2.2","source":"Quid mē fugis, Galle?","translation":"Why do you run from me, Gaul?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"mē","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"fugis,","gloss":"fugio: flee, fly, run away"},{"text":"Galle?","gloss":"Gallus: Gallic, of Gaul/the Gauls"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.pB2.2.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"la.pr.C43.pB2.3","source":"Piscārī volō.","translation":"I want to fish.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Piscārī","gloss":"piscarius: fish-"},{"text":"volō.","gloss":"volo: wish, want, prefer"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.pB2.3.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"la.pr.C43.pB2.4","source":"Cum spectātōrēs gladiātōrem interficī vellent, quid faciēbat imperātor?","translation":"When the spectators wanted a gladiator to be killed, what did the emperor do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"spectātōrēs","gloss":"spectator: spectator"},{"text":"gladiātōrem","gloss":"gladiator: gladiator"},{"text":"interficī","gloss":"interficio: kill"},{"text":"vellent,","gloss":"volo: will, be willing; wish"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"faciēbat","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"imperātor?","gloss":"imperator: commander in chief, general"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.pB2.4.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"la.pr.C43.pC.1","source":"Cūr gladiātōrēs, rētiāriī, mirmillōnēs ita appellābantur?","translation":"Why were gladiators, net men and murmillos so called?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"gladiātōrēs,","gloss":"gladiator: gladiator"},{"text":"rētiāriī,","gloss":"retiarius: net-fighter in the arena"},{"text":"mirmillōnēs","gloss":"mirmillō: murmillo (a gladiator with a fish on his helmet)"},{"text":"ita","gloss":"thus, in this way, as follows"},{"text":"appellābantur?","gloss":"appello: call (upon)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.pC.1.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"la.pr.C43.pC.2","source":"Ubi pūgnābant gladiātōrēs?","translation":"Where did the gladiators fight?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ubi","gloss":"where"},{"text":"pūgnābant","gloss":"pugno: fight"},{"text":"gladiātōrēs?","gloss":"gladiator: gladiator"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.pC.2.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"la.pr.C43.pC.3","source":"Spectāculum cūr ita appellātur?","translation":"Why is a show so called?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Spectāculum","gloss":"spectaculum: show, spectacle"},{"text":"cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"ita","gloss":"thus, in this way, as follows"},{"text":"appellātur?","gloss":"appello: call (upon)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C43.pC.3.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"terribilī","gloss":"frightful, terrible, from terribilis"},{"word":"taratantara","gloss":"taratantara"},{"word":"rētiāriī","gloss":"net-fighter in the arena, from retiarius"},{"word":"mirmillōnēs","gloss":"murmillo, from mirmillō"},{"word":"fuscinam","gloss":"trident, three-pronged fishing spear, from fuscina"},{"word":"tridentem","gloss":"with three teeth, from tridens"},{"word":"implicāre","gloss":"implicate, from implico"},{"word":"facētiās","gloss":"wit, joke, from facetia"},{"word":"pressō","gloss":"press, squeeze"},{"word":"uncō","gloss":"unite, combine into one"},{"word":"abdūceret","gloss":"lead away, carry off, from abduco"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Dē puerīs in Senātū (Puer Rōmānus 44)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":99,"id":"la.pr.C44.s1.1","source":"Saepenumerō cum patre volēbam ad senātum īre, sed mihi ōlim plūs solitō flāgitantī ut mē sēcum dūceret, pater ‘Nōn iam’ respondit ‘licet puerīs senātum intrāre’.","translation":"Again and again I wanted to go to the senate with my father, but once, when I pressed him more than usual to take me with him, my father answered, 'Boys are no longer allowed to go into the senate.'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Saepenumerō","gloss":"saepenumero: repeatedly"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"patre","gloss":"pater: father"},{"text":"volēbam","gloss":"volo: wish, want, prefer"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"senātum","gloss":"senatus: senate"},{"text":"īre,","gloss":"eo: go"},{"text":"sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"ōlim","gloss":"olim: formerly, once upon a time"},{"text":"plūs","gloss":"multus: much; many"},{"text":"solitō","gloss":"solitum: custom"},{"text":"flāgitantī","gloss":"flagito: demand urgently"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"mē","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"sēcum","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"dūceret,","gloss":"duco: lead, conduct"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"‘Nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"iam’","gloss":"jam: already, now"},{"text":"respondit","gloss":"respondeo: respond, reply"},{"text":"‘licet","gloss":"liceo: it is permitted, one may"},{"text":"puerīs","gloss":"puer: boy"},{"text":"senātum","gloss":"senatus: senate"},{"text":"intrāre’.","gloss":"intro2: enter"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.s1.1.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"la.pr.C44.s1.2","source":"Deinde mihi causam rogantī haec exposuit: ‘Anteā’ inquit ‘mōs senātōribus Rōmae fuit in cūriam cum praetextātīs fīliīs introīre.","translation":"Then, when I asked the reason, he explained this: 'Formerly,' he said, 'it was the custom for senators at Rome to go into the senate house with their sons in the bordered toga.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Deinde","gloss":"then, in the next place"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"causam","gloss":"causa: cause, reason"},{"text":"rogantī","gloss":"rogo: ask, ask for"},{"text":"haec","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"exposuit:","gloss":"expono: set/put forth/out"},{"text":"‘Anteā’","gloss":"antea: before, previously"},{"text":"inquit","gloss":"inquam: say (defective)"},{"text":"‘mōs","gloss":"mos: custom, habit"},{"text":"senātōribus","gloss":"senator: senator"},{"text":"Rōmae","gloss":"Roma: Rome"},{"text":"fuit","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"cūriam","gloss":"curia: senate"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"praetextātīs","gloss":"praetextatus: underage"},{"text":"fīliīs","gloss":"filius: son"},{"text":"introīre.","gloss":"introeo: enter, go in or into"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.s1.2.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"la.pr.C44.s1.3","source":"Cum in senātū rēs māior quaepiam cōnsultāta atque in diem posterum prōlāta est, placuitque nē quis hanc rem ēnūntiāret, super quā tractāvissent, priusquam dēcreta esset, māter Papīrī puerī, quī cum parente suō in cūriā fuerat, fīlium percūnctāta est quidnam in senātū patrēs ēgissent.","translation":"When some rather important matter had been debated in the senate and put off to the next day, and it had been agreed that no one should give out the matter they had dealt with before it was decided, the mother of the boy Papirius, who had been in the senate house with his father, asked her son what on earth the senators had done in the senate.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"senātū","gloss":"senatus: council of elders, senate"},{"text":"rēs","gloss":"res: thing, matter"},{"text":"māior","gloss":"magnus: great, large"},{"text":"quaepiam","gloss":"quispiam: who"},{"text":"cōnsultāta","gloss":"consultatum: resolution, decision"},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"diem","gloss":"dies: day"},{"text":"posterum","gloss":"posterus: coming after, following, next"},{"text":"prōlāta","gloss":"prolato: lengthen, enlarge"},{"text":"est,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"placuitque","gloss":"placeo: appease"},{"text":"nē","gloss":"ne: in order that not, that"},{"text":"quis","gloss":"who?"},{"text":"hanc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"rem","gloss":"res: thing, matter"},{"text":"ēnūntiāret,","gloss":"enuntio: reveal"},{"text":"super","gloss":"over, above"},{"text":"quā","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"tractāvissent,","gloss":"tracto: draw, haul, pull, drag about"},{"text":"priusquam","gloss":"prior: day before (pridie), abb. pr"},{"text":"dēcreta","gloss":"decretum: dogma, principle, doctrine"},{"text":"esset,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"māter","gloss":"mater: mother"},{"text":"Papīrī","gloss":"Papirius: Papirius (a name)"},{"text":"puerī,","gloss":"puer: boy"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"parente","gloss":"parens2: parent, father, mother"},{"text":"suō","gloss":"suus: his, her, hers, its, their, theirs"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"cūriā","gloss":"curia: senate house"},{"text":"fuerat,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"fīlium","gloss":"filius: son"},{"text":"percūnctāta","gloss":"fish, the perch"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"quidnam","gloss":"quisnam: who"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"senātū","gloss":"senatus: council of elders, senate"},{"text":"patrēs","gloss":"pater: bowl"},{"text":"ēgissent.","gloss":"ago: drive; do, act"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.s1.3.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"la.pr.C44.s1.4","source":"Puer respondit tacendum esse, neque id dīcī licēre; mulier fit audiendī cupidior; sēcrētum reī et silentium dēbērī puer affīrmāns animum ēius ad inquīrendum excitat; quaerit igitur magis violentiusque.","translation":"The boy answered that he must keep quiet and that it was not allowed to tell; the woman becomes keener to hear; the boy's insisting that the matter was a secret and owed silence stirs her mind to enquire; so she asks all the more and all the more violently.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Puer","gloss":"boy"},{"text":"respondit","gloss":"respondeo: respond, reply"},{"text":"tacendum","gloss":"taceo: be silent"},{"text":"esse,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"neque","gloss":"neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"id","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"dīcī","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"licēre;","gloss":"liceo: it is permitted, one may"},{"text":"mulier","gloss":"woman"},{"text":"fit","gloss":"fio: become, be made"},{"text":"audiendī","gloss":"audio: hear, listen to"},{"text":"cupidior;","gloss":"cupidus: eager/passionate"},{"text":"sēcrētum","gloss":"secretum: secret, mystic rite, haunt"},{"text":"reī","gloss":"res: thing, matter"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"silentium","gloss":"silence"},{"text":"dēbērī","gloss":"debeo: owe"},{"text":"puer","gloss":"boy"},{"text":"affīrmāns","gloss":"affirmo: affirm/assert (dogmatically/positively)"},{"text":"animum","gloss":"animus: mind, heart; spirit, feeling"},{"text":"ēius","gloss":"is: he, she, it; that"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"inquīrendum","gloss":"inquiro: examine, investigate, scrutinize"},{"text":"excitat;","gloss":"excito: wake up, stir up"},{"text":"quaerit","gloss":"quaero: search for, seek, strive for"},{"text":"igitur","gloss":"therefore, then"},{"text":"magis","gloss":"more, in a higher degree"},{"text":"violentiusque.","gloss":"violently, w/unreasonable/destructive force"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.s1.4.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"la.pr.C44.s1.5","source":"Tum puer, mātre urgente, lepidī atque festīvī mendāciī cōnsilium init.","translation":"Then the boy, pressed by his mother, makes a plan of a charming and amusing lie.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tum","gloss":"then, at that time"},{"text":"puer,","gloss":"boy"},{"text":"mātre","gloss":"mater: mother"},{"text":"urgente,","gloss":"urgeo: press/squeeze/bear hard/down"},{"text":"lepidī","gloss":"lepidus: agreeable, charming, delightful, nice"},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"festīvī","gloss":"festivus: feast/festive (day)"},{"text":"mendāciī","gloss":"mendacium: lie, lying, falsehood, untruth"},{"text":"cōnsilium","gloss":"consilium: plan"},{"text":"init.","gloss":"ineo: enter"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.s1.5.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"la.pr.C44.s1.6","source":"Āctum in senātū dīxit, utrum hōrum vidērētur ūtilius magisque ē rēpūblicā esse, ūnusne ut duās uxōrēs habēret, an ut ūna apud duōs nūpta esset.","translation":"He said that it had been debated in the senate which of these two seemed more useful and more in the state's interest, that one man should have two wives, or that one woman should be married to two men.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Āctum","gloss":"ago: drive; do, act"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"senātū","gloss":"senatus: council of elders, senate"},{"text":"dīxit,","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"utrum","gloss":"uter: which (of two)"},{"text":"hōrum","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"vidērētur","gloss":"video: see, look at"},{"text":"ūtilius","gloss":"utilis: useful, profitable, practical, helpful, advantageous"},{"text":"magisque","gloss":"magis: more, in a higher degree"},{"text":"ē","gloss":"ex: out of, from"},{"text":"rēpūblicā","gloss":"respublica: res"},{"text":"esse,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"ūnusne","gloss":"unus: alone, a single/sole"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"duās","gloss":"duo: two"},{"text":"uxōrēs","gloss":"uxor: wife"},{"text":"habēret,","gloss":"habeo: have, hold, consider, think, reason"},{"text":"an","gloss":"or; Is he a Roman or a Gaul"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"ūna","gloss":"unus: one; alone"},{"text":"apud","gloss":"among"},{"text":"duōs","gloss":"duo: two"},{"text":"nūpta","gloss":"nupta: bride"},{"text":"esset.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.s1.6.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"la.pr.C44.s1.7","source":"Hoc illa ut audīvit, animō compavēscit; domō trepidāns ēgreditur; ad cēterās mātrōnās dēfert quod audierat; posterō diē perveniunt ad senātum; lacrimantēs atque obsecrantēs incipiunt ōrāre ūna potius ut duōbus nūpta fieret, quam ut ūnī duae.","translation":"When she heard this, her mind is struck with alarm; she goes trembling out of the house; she carries what she had heard to the other married women; the next day they come to the senate; weeping and beseeching they begin to beg that one woman should rather be married to two men than two women to one man.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"illa","gloss":"ille: that; he, she, it"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"audīvit,","gloss":"audio: hear, listen to"},{"text":"animō","gloss":"animus: mind, heart; spirit, feeling"},{"text":"compavēscit;","gloss":"compavesco: become very afraid/full of fear/thoroughly terrified"},{"text":"domō","gloss":"domus: house, home"},{"text":"trepidāns","gloss":"trepido: tremble, be afraid, waver"},{"text":"ēgreditur;","gloss":"egredior: go/march/come out"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"cēterās","gloss":"ceter: the other"},{"text":"mātrōnās","gloss":"matrona: wife"},{"text":"dēfert","gloss":"defero: carry/bring/sink/fall down/off"},{"text":"quod","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"audierat;","gloss":"audio: hear, listen, accept, agree with"},{"text":"posterō","gloss":"posterus: coming after, following, next"},{"text":"diē","gloss":"dies: day"},{"text":"perveniunt","gloss":"pervenio: come to"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"senātum;","gloss":"senatus: senate"},{"text":"lacrimantēs","gloss":"lacrimo: shed tears, weep"},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"obsecrantēs","gloss":"obsecro: entreat/beseech/implore/pray"},{"text":"incipiunt","gloss":"incipio: begin"},{"text":"ōrāre","gloss":"oro: beg, ask for, pray"},{"text":"ūna","gloss":"unus: one; alone"},{"text":"potius","gloss":"potis: able, capable"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"duōbus","gloss":"duo: two"},{"text":"nūpta","gloss":"nubo: marry, be married to"},{"text":"fieret,","gloss":"fio: become, be made"},{"text":"quam","gloss":"than"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"ūnī","gloss":"unus: one; alone"},{"text":"duae.","gloss":"duo: two"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.s1.7.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"la.pr.C44.s1.8","source":"Senātōrēs ingredientēs in cūriam quae illa mulierum intemperiēs et quid sibi postulātiō ista vellet, mīrābantur.","translation":"The senators, as they went into the senate house, wondered what this women's frenzy was and what that demand of theirs meant.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Senātōrēs","gloss":"senator: senator"},{"text":"ingredientēs","gloss":"ingradior: be in/on/there"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"cūriam","gloss":"curia: senate"},{"text":"quae","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"illa","gloss":"ille: that; he, she, it"},{"text":"mulierum","gloss":"mulier: woman"},{"text":"intemperiēs","gloss":"intemperies: intemperateness (weather, pl.)"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"sibi","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"postulātiō","gloss":"postulatio: petition, request"},{"text":"ista","gloss":"iste: that; he, she, it"},{"text":"vellet,","gloss":"volo: will, be willing; wish"},{"text":"mīrābantur.","gloss":"miro: be amazed/surprised/bewildered (at)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.s1.8.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"la.pr.C44.s1.9","source":"Puer Papīrius in medium cūriae prōgrēssus, quid māter rogāvisset, quid ipse mātrī dīxisset et tōtam rem nārrāvit.","translation":"The boy Papirius came forward into the middle of the senate house and told what his mother had asked, what he himself had said to his mother, and the whole story.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Puer","gloss":"boy"},{"text":"Papīrius","gloss":"Papirius: Papirius (a name)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"medium","gloss":"mediator"},{"text":"cūriae","gloss":"curia: senate"},{"text":"prōgrēssus,","gloss":"progredior: go, come forth, go forward, march forward"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"māter","gloss":"mater: mother"},{"text":"rogāvisset,","gloss":"rogo: ask, ask for"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"ipse","gloss":"self; even, very"},{"text":"mātrī","gloss":"mater: mother, foster mother"},{"text":"dīxisset","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"tōtam","gloss":"totus: all, the whole, entire"},{"text":"rem","gloss":"res: thing, matter"},{"text":"nārrāvit.","gloss":"narro: tell, relate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.s1.9.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"la.pr.C44.s1.10","source":"Senātus fidem atque ingenium puerī laudat, cōnsultum facit posthāc puerī cum patribus in cūriam nē introeant, nisi ille ūnus Papīrius; eīque puerō posteā cōgnōmen honōris causā inditum est “Praetextātus” ob loquendī tacendīque in aetāte praetextātā prūdentiam.’","translation":"The senate praises the boy's good faith and his wit, and makes a decree that from then on boys should not come into the senate house with their fathers, except that one Papirius; and afterwards the surname 'Praetextatus' was given to that boy as an honour, for his good sense in speaking and keeping silent while still of the age of the bordered toga.'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Senātus","gloss":"senatus: council of elders, senate"},{"text":"fidem","gloss":"fides: faith, trust; promise, word; protection"},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ingenium","gloss":"talent, ability"},{"text":"puerī","gloss":"puer: boy"},{"text":"laudat,","gloss":"laudo: praise"},{"text":"cōnsultum","gloss":"consulo: decree, resolution"},{"text":"facit","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"posthāc","gloss":"posthac: after this, in the future, hereafter, from now on"},{"text":"puerī","gloss":"puer: boy"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"patribus","gloss":"pater: bowl"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"cūriam","gloss":"curia: senate"},{"text":"nē","gloss":"ne: in order that not, that"},{"text":"introeant,","gloss":"introeo: enter, go in or into"},{"text":"nisi","gloss":"unless, if ... not"},{"text":"ille","gloss":"that; he, she, it"},{"text":"ūnus","gloss":"unus: one; alone"},{"text":"Papīrius;","gloss":"Papirius: Papirius (a name)"},{"text":"eīque","gloss":"is: he, she, it; that"},{"text":"puerō","gloss":"puer: boy"},{"text":"posteā","gloss":"postea: afterwards"},{"text":"cōgnōmen","gloss":"cognomen: surname, family/3rd name"},{"text":"honōris","gloss":"honor: honor"},{"text":"causā","gloss":"causa: cause, reason"},{"text":"inditum","gloss":"indo: put in or on"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"“Praetextātus”","gloss":"praetextatus: underage"},{"text":"ob","gloss":"on account of"},{"text":"loquendī","gloss":"loquor: speak, tell"},{"text":"tacendīque","gloss":"taceō: be silent"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"aetāte","gloss":"aetas: lifetime, age, generation"},{"text":"praetextātā","gloss":"praetextatus: underage"},{"text":"prūdentiam.’","gloss":"prudentia: discretion"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.s1.10.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"la.pr.C44.pB1.1","source":"Quid puerīs nōn licet?","translation":"What are boys not allowed to do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"puerīs","gloss":"puer: boy"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"licet?","gloss":"liceo: it is permitted, one may"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.pB1.1.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"la.pr.C44.pB1.2","source":"Licēbatne anteā?","translation":"Were they allowed to before?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Licēbatne","gloss":"Licēbatne (a name)"},{"text":"anteā?","gloss":"antea: before, previously"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.pB1.2.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"la.pr.C44.pB1.3","source":"Quōmodo vestītī introībant?","translation":"How were they dressed when they went in?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quōmodo","gloss":"quomodo: how, in what way"},{"text":"vestītī","gloss":"vestio: clothe"},{"text":"introībant?","gloss":"introeo: enter, go in or into"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.pB1.3.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"la.pr.C44.pB1.4","source":"Quid rogāvit puerum māter?","translation":"What did the mother ask the boy?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"rogāvit","gloss":"rogo: ask"},{"text":"puerum","gloss":"puer: boy"},{"text":"māter?","gloss":"mater: mother"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.pB1.4.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"la.pr.C44.pB1.5","source":"Quid respondit ille? Dā ipsa verba.","translation":"What did he answer? Give his own words.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"respondit","gloss":"respondeo: respond, reply"},{"text":"ille?","gloss":"that; he, she, it"},{"text":"Dā","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"ipsa","gloss":"ipse: self; even, very"},{"text":"verba.","gloss":"verbum: word"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.pB1.5.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"la.pr.C44.pB1.6","source":"Quōmodo animum mātris puer excitat?","translation":"How does the boy stir his mother's mind?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quōmodo","gloss":"quomodo: how, in what way"},{"text":"animum","gloss":"animus: mind, heart; spirit, feeling"},{"text":"mātris","gloss":"mater: mother, foster mother"},{"text":"puer","gloss":"boy"},{"text":"excitat?","gloss":"excito: wake up, stir up"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.pB1.6.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"la.pr.C44.pB1.7","source":"Quāle cōnsilium capit?","translation":"What plan does he form?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quāle","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"cōnsilium","gloss":"consilium: plan"},{"text":"capit?","gloss":"capio: take, seize, capture"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.pB1.7.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"la.pr.C44.pB1.8","source":"Recitā senātūs cōnsultum.","translation":"Recite the decree of the senate.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Recitā","gloss":"recito: read aloud, recite"},{"text":"senātūs","gloss":"senatus: senate"},{"text":"cōnsultum.","gloss":"consultum: lawyer, jurist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.pB1.8.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"la.pr.C44.pB1.9","source":"Quōmodo sē gessit māter ubi cōnsultum audīvit?","translation":"How did the mother behave when she heard the decree?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quōmodo","gloss":"quomodo: how, in what way"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"gessit","gloss":"gero: bear, carry on; wear"},{"text":"māter","gloss":"mater: mother"},{"text":"ubi","gloss":"where"},{"text":"cōnsultum","gloss":"consulo: decree, resolution"},{"text":"audīvit?","gloss":"audio: hear, listen to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.pB1.9.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"la.pr.C44.pB1.10","source":"Cēterae mātrōnae quid ōrant?","translation":"What do the other married women beg?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cēterae","gloss":"ceter: the other"},{"text":"mātrōnae","gloss":"matrona: wife"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"ōrant?","gloss":"oro: beg, ask for, pray"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.pB1.10.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"la.pr.C44.pB1.11","source":"Cūr mīrābantur senātōrēs?","translation":"Why were the senators surprised?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"mīrābantur","gloss":"miro: be amazed/surprised/bewildered (at)"},{"text":"senātōrēs?","gloss":"senator: senator"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.pB1.11.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"la.pr.C44.pB1.12","source":"Exposuitne rem bene Papīrius?","translation":"Did Papirius explain the matter well?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Exposuitne","gloss":"expono: set/put forth/out"},{"text":"rem","gloss":"res: thing, matter"},{"text":"bene","gloss":"well"},{"text":"Papīrius?","gloss":"Papirius: Papirius (a name)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.pB1.12.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"la.pr.C44.pB1.13","source":"Quid placuit?","translation":"What was agreed?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"placuit?","gloss":"placeo: be pleasing to, please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.pB1.13.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"la.pr.C44.pB1.14","source":"Quam ob rem cōgnōmen Praetextātī puerō est datum?","translation":"Why was the surname Praetextatus given to the boy?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quam","gloss":"than"},{"text":"ob","gloss":"on account of"},{"text":"rem","gloss":"res: thing, matter"},{"text":"cōgnōmen","gloss":"cognomen: surname, family/3rd name"},{"text":"Praetextātī","gloss":"praetextatus: underage"},{"text":"puerō","gloss":"puer: boy"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"datum?","gloss":"do: give"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.pB1.14.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"la.pr.C44.pB2.1","source":"Quid faciēbat senātus Rōmānus?","translation":"What did the Roman senate do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"faciēbat","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"senātus","gloss":"senatus: council of elders, senate"},{"text":"Rōmānus?","gloss":"Romanus: Roman"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.pB2.1.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"la.pr.C44.pB2.2","source":"Scīsne cūr puerī cum patribus in cūriam introīre solitī sint?","translation":"Do you know why boys used to go into the senate house with their fathers?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Scīsne","gloss":"scio: know, understand"},{"text":"cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"puerī","gloss":"puer: boy"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"patribus","gloss":"pater: bowl"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"cūriam","gloss":"curia: senate"},{"text":"introīre","gloss":"introeo: enter, go in or into"},{"text":"solitī","gloss":"soleo: be accustomed, be in the habit of"},{"text":"sint?","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.pB2.2.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"la.pr.C44.pB2.3","source":"Quālis puer erat Papīrius?","translation":"What sort of boy was Papirius?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quālis","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"puer","gloss":"boy"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Papīrius?","gloss":"Papirius: Papirius (a name)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.pB2.3.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"la.pr.C44.pB2.4","source":"Nārrā quid in cūriā factum sit.","translation":"Tell what happened in the senate house.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nārrā","gloss":"narro: tell, relate"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"cūriā","gloss":"curia: senate house"},{"text":"factum","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"sit.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.pB2.4.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"la.pr.C44.pC.1","source":"Quid sīgnificat cūria? Quid in cūriā faciēbant senātōrēs?","translation":"What does cūria mean? What did the senators do in the senate house?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"sīgnificat","gloss":"significo: signify, indicate, show"},{"text":"cūria?","gloss":"curia: senate"},{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"cūriā","gloss":"curia: senate house"},{"text":"faciēbant","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"senātōrēs?","gloss":"senator: senator"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.pC.1.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"la.pr.C44.pC.2","source":"Expōne quid sit mendācium.","translation":"Explain what a lie is.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Expōne","gloss":"expono: set/put forth/out"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"sit","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"mendācium.","gloss":"mendacium: lie, lying, falsehood, untruth"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.pC.2.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"la.pr.C44.pC.3","source":"Quando est puer praetextātus?","translation":"When is a boy in the bordered toga?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quando","gloss":"when (interog), at what time"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"puer","gloss":"boy"},{"text":"praetextātus?","gloss":"praetextatus: underage"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C44.pC.3.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"praetextātīs","gloss":"underage, from praetextatus"},{"word":"introīre","gloss":"enter, go in or into, from introeo"},{"word":"quaepiam","gloss":"who, from quispiam"},{"word":"cōnsultāta","gloss":"resolution, decision, from consultatum"},{"word":"prōlāta","gloss":"lengthen, enlarge, from prolato"},{"word":"ēnūntiāret","gloss":"reveal, from enuntio"},{"word":"tractāvissent","gloss":"draw, haul, from tracto"},{"word":"dēcreta","gloss":"dogma, principle, from decretum"},{"word":"percūnctāta","gloss":"fish, the perch"},{"word":"sēcrētum","gloss":"secret, mystic rite"},{"word":"dēbērī","gloss":"owe, ought, from debeo"},{"word":"affīrmāns","gloss":"affirm, from affirmo"},{"word":"inquīrendum","gloss":"examine, investigate, from inquiro"},{"word":"violentiusque","gloss":"violently, w"},{"word":"lepidī","gloss":"agreeable, charming, from lepidus"},{"word":"festīvī","gloss":"feast, from festivus"},{"word":"mendāciī","gloss":"lie, lying, from mendacium"},{"word":"nūpta","gloss":"bride"},{"word":"compavēscit","gloss":"become very afraid, from compavesco"},{"word":"trepidāns","gloss":"tremble, be afraid, from trepido"},{"word":"mātrōnās","gloss":"wife, from matrona"},{"word":"dēfert","gloss":"carry, from defero"},{"word":"intemperiēs","gloss":"intemperateness"},{"word":"postulātiō","gloss":"petition, request"},{"word":"inditum","gloss":"put in or on, from indo"},{"word":"prūdentiam","gloss":"discretion, from prudentia"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lūcius patrī suō salūtem dat (Puer Rōmānus 45)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":130,"id":"la.pr.C45.s1.1","source":"Septem abhinc diēbus, pater cārissime, Athēnās pervēnī, mare Brundisiō trānsvectus cursū quam celerrimō; ventī enim semper erant secundī.","translation":"Seven days ago, dearest father, I reached Athens, having crossed the sea from Brundisium on the quickest of voyages; for the winds were always favourable.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Septem","gloss":"seven"},{"text":"abhinc","gloss":"since, ago, in past"},{"text":"diēbus,","gloss":"dies: day"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"cārissime,","gloss":"carus: dear, beloved"},{"text":"Athēnās","gloss":"Athenae: Athens"},{"text":"pervēnī,","gloss":"pervenio: come through, arrive"},{"text":"mare","gloss":"sea"},{"text":"Brundisiō","gloss":"Brundisium: Brundisium (a name)"},{"text":"trānsvectus","gloss":"transveho: transport, lead across"},{"text":"cursū","gloss":"cursus: running"},{"text":"quam","gloss":"than"},{"text":"celerrimō;","gloss":"celer: swift"},{"text":"ventī","gloss":"ventus: wind"},{"text":"enim","gloss":"for, in fact, indeed."},{"text":"semper","gloss":"always"},{"text":"erant","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"secundī.","gloss":"secundus: next, following"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.s1.1.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"la.pr.C45.s1.2","source":"Quibus cōgnitīs sciō et tē et mātrem vehementer esse gāvīsūrōs.","translation":"I know that you and my mother will be very glad to learn this.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quibus","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"cōgnitīs","gloss":"cognosco: become acquainted with/aware of"},{"text":"sciō","gloss":"scio: know, understand"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"tē","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"mātrem","gloss":"mater: mother"},{"text":"vehementer","gloss":"eagerly, vehemently"},{"text":"esse","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"gāvīsūrōs.","gloss":"be glad, rejoice"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.s1.2.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"la.pr.C45.s1.3","source":"Mare enim perīculīs plēnum.","translation":"For the sea is full of dangers.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mare","gloss":"sea"},{"text":"enim","gloss":"for, in fact, indeed."},{"text":"perīculīs","gloss":"periculum: danger, peril"},{"text":"plēnum.","gloss":"plenus: full"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.s1.3.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"la.pr.C45.s1.4","source":"In cursū voluptāte māximā affectus sum, dum sōlem spectō clārissimum, undās caeruleās, urbēs interdum Graecās in ōrā maritimā sitās.","translation":"On the voyage I was filled with the greatest delight, as I looked at the brilliant sun, the blue waves, and now and then the Greek cities set on the coast.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"In","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"cursū","gloss":"cursus: running"},{"text":"voluptāte","gloss":"voluptas: pleasure, delight, enjoyment"},{"text":"māximā","gloss":"magnus: great, large"},{"text":"affectus","gloss":"affectus2: affection, passion, love"},{"text":"sum,","gloss":"be; exist"},{"text":"dum","gloss":"while, as long as"},{"text":"sōlem","gloss":"sol: sun"},{"text":"spectō","gloss":"specto: observe, watch, look at, see"},{"text":"clārissimum,","gloss":"clarus: clear; famous, renowned; bright, shining"},{"text":"undās","gloss":"unda: wave"},{"text":"caeruleās,","gloss":"caeruleus: blue, cerulean, dark"},{"text":"urbēs","gloss":"urbs: city"},{"text":"interdum","gloss":"sometimes, now and then"},{"text":"Graecās","gloss":"Graece: Greek"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"ōrā","gloss":"ora: shore, coast"},{"text":"maritimā","gloss":"maritimus: maritime"},{"text":"sitās.","gloss":"sino: allow, permit"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.s1.4.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"la.pr.C45.s1.5","source":"Nāvigāvī igitur sine timōre nauseāve.","translation":"So I sailed without fear or sickness.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nāvigāvī","gloss":"navigo: sail"},{"text":"igitur","gloss":"therefore, then"},{"text":"sine","gloss":"without"},{"text":"timōre","gloss":"timor: fear"},{"text":"nauseāve.","gloss":"nausea: nausea"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.s1.5.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"la.pr.C45.s1.6","source":"Apud Pīraeum expositus Athēnās pedibus iter fēcī, quod dum facerem obvius fuī patruō meo, quī domum suam mē dēdūxit.","translation":"Put ashore at the Piraeus I made my way to Athens on foot, and while I was doing so I met my uncle, who took me to his house.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Apud","gloss":"among"},{"text":"Pīraeum","gloss":"Piraceus: pear-tree"},{"text":"expositus","gloss":"expono: set/put forth/out"},{"text":"Athēnās","gloss":"Athenae: Athens"},{"text":"pedibus","gloss":"pes: foot"},{"text":"iter","gloss":"march, journey, route"},{"text":"fēcī,","gloss":"facio: do, make"},{"text":"quod","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"dum","gloss":"while, as long as"},{"text":"facerem","gloss":"facio: do, make"},{"text":"obvius","gloss":"in the way, easy"},{"text":"fuī","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"patruō","gloss":"patruus: father's brother"},{"text":"meo,","gloss":"go along, pass, travel"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"domum","gloss":"domus: house, home"},{"text":"suam","gloss":"suus: his, her, hers, its, their, theirs"},{"text":"mē","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"dēdūxit.","gloss":"deduco: lead/draw//pull/bring/stretch down/away/out/off"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.s1.6.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"la.pr.C45.s1.7","source":"Amita mea valet, valent et cōnsobrīnī.","translation":"My aunt is well, and so are my cousins.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Amita","gloss":"paternal aunt, father's sister"},{"text":"mea","gloss":"meus: my, mine"},{"text":"valet,","gloss":"valeo: be strong/powerful/influential/healthy"},{"text":"valent","gloss":"valeo: be strong/powerful/influential/healthy"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"cōnsobrīnī.","gloss":"consobrinus: first cousin (female)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.s1.7.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"la.pr.C45.s1.8","source":"Quī omnēs mihi placent, et studiīs perfectīs cum eīs cottīdiē lūdō.","translation":"They all please me, and when my studies are done I play with them every day.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"omnēs","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"placent,","gloss":"placeo: appease"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"studiīs","gloss":"studium: eagerness, enthusiasm, zeal, spirit"},{"text":"perfectīs","gloss":"perficio: complete, finish"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"eīs","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"cottīdiē","gloss":"cottidie: daily, every day"},{"text":"lūdō.","gloss":"ludo: play"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.s1.8.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"la.pr.C45.s1.9","source":"Urbs ipsa, mī pater, quam pulchra est!","translation":"The city itself, my father, how beautiful it is!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Urbs","gloss":"city"},{"text":"ipsa,","gloss":"ipse: self; even, very"},{"text":"mī","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"pater,","gloss":"father"},{"text":"quam","gloss":"than"},{"text":"pulchra","gloss":"pulcher: pretty, beautiful"},{"text":"est!","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.s1.9.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"la.pr.C45.s1.10","source":"Quālēs erant Graecī illī, quī tot templa, tot statuās tantā arte fēcērunt!","translation":"What men those Greeks were, who made so many temples and so many statues with such great art!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quālēs","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"erant","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Graecī","gloss":"Graeci: the Greeks"},{"text":"illī,","gloss":"ille: that; he, she, it"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"so many"},{"text":"templa,","gloss":"templum: temple, shrine"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"so many"},{"text":"statuās","gloss":"statua: statue"},{"text":"tantā","gloss":"tantus: so great"},{"text":"arte","gloss":"ars: art, skill"},{"text":"fēcērunt!","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.s1.10.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"la.pr.C45.s1.11","source":"Rōmae Graecōs ōderam; nunc Athēnīs admīror, et ingenia illa māgna, Homērum, Aeschylum, Sophoclem, Thūcydidem, melius intellegō.","translation":"At Rome I used to hate the Greeks; now at Athens I admire them, and I understand those great minds, Homer, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Thucydides, better.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Rōmae","gloss":"Roma: Rome"},{"text":"Graecōs","gloss":"Graeci: Greece"},{"text":"ōderam;","gloss":"odi: hate"},{"text":"nunc","gloss":"now, the present moment"},{"text":"Athēnīs","gloss":"Athenae: Athens"},{"text":"admīror,","gloss":"admiror: admire, respect"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ingenia","gloss":"ingenium: trick, clever device"},{"text":"illa","gloss":"ille: that; he, she, it"},{"text":"māgna,","gloss":"magnus: great, large"},{"text":"Homērum,","gloss":"Homerus: Homerus (a name)"},{"text":"Aeschylum,","gloss":"Aeschylus: money, pay, fee, fare"},{"text":"Sophoclem,","gloss":"Sophocles (Greek poet)"},{"text":"Thūcydidem,","gloss":"Thucydides: Thucydides (a name)"},{"text":"melius","gloss":"better"},{"text":"intellegō.","gloss":"intellego: understand"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.s1.11.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"la.pr.C45.s1.12","source":"Rōmae enim dēteriōrēs videntur Graecī, ideō, ut opīnor, quod plērīque sunt servī, mercēnāriī omnēs.","translation":"For at Rome the Greeks seem worse, because, as I think, most of them are slaves, and all of them hired men.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Rōmae","gloss":"Roma: Rome"},{"text":"enim","gloss":"for, in fact, indeed."},{"text":"dēteriōrēs","gloss":"deterior: low/bad/inferior"},{"text":"videntur","gloss":"video: see, look at"},{"text":"Graecī,","gloss":"Graeci: the Greeks"},{"text":"ideō,","gloss":"ideo: therefore, for the reason that, for that reason"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"opīnor,","gloss":"opinor: suppose, imagine"},{"text":"quod","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"plērīque","gloss":"(w/que) the majority, most, very great part"},{"text":"sunt","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"servī,","gloss":"servus: slave, servant"},{"text":"mercēnāriī","gloss":"mercenarius: hired for wages"},{"text":"omnēs.","gloss":"omnis: every, all"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.s1.12.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"la.pr.C45.s1.13","source":"Grātiās tibi, pater, agō quam māximās, quod mihi permīsistī ut Athēnīs artem ōrātōriam discerem.","translation":"I thank you, father, as warmly as I can, for allowing me to learn the art of oratory at Athens.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Grātiās","gloss":"gratia: thanks, gratitude"},{"text":"tibi,","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"pater,","gloss":"father"},{"text":"agō","gloss":"ago: drive; do, act"},{"text":"quam","gloss":"than"},{"text":"māximās,","gloss":"magnus: great, large"},{"text":"quod","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"mihi","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"permīsistī","gloss":"permitto: let through"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"Athēnīs","gloss":"Athenae: Athens"},{"text":"artem","gloss":"ars: skill/craft/art"},{"text":"ōrātōriam","gloss":"oratorius: of an orator"},{"text":"discerem.","gloss":"disco: learn"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.s1.13.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"la.pr.C45.s1.14","source":"Studiīs mē penitus dēdam, ut linguam Graecam quam celerrimē ēdoctus sim.","translation":"I shall give myself wholly to my studies, so that I may be taught the Greek language as quickly as possible.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Studiīs","gloss":"studium: eagerness, enthusiasm, zeal, spirit"},{"text":"mē","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"penitus","gloss":"penitus3: thoroughly, completely, deeply"},{"text":"dēdam,","gloss":"dedo: give up/in, surrender"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"linguam","gloss":"lingua: tongue"},{"text":"Graecam","gloss":"Graece: Greek"},{"text":"quam","gloss":"than"},{"text":"celerrimē","gloss":"celer: swift, quick"},{"text":"ēdoctus","gloss":"edoceo: teach or inform thoroughly"},{"text":"sim.","gloss":"sum: be"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.s1.14.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"la.pr.C45.s2.1","source":"Nunc sentiō eadem quae sēnsit Propertius:—","translation":"Now I feel the same as Propertius felt:","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nunc","gloss":"now, the present moment"},{"text":"sentiō","gloss":"sentio: perceive, feel, experience"},{"text":"eadem","gloss":"idem: the same"},{"text":"quae","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"sēnsit","gloss":"sentio: perceive, feel, experience"},{"text":"Propertius:—","gloss":"praetor (official elected by the Romans who served as a judge)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.s2.1.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"la.pr.C45.v3.1","source":"Illīc vel studiīs animum ēmendāre Platōnis","translation":"There I shall begin to improve my mind with the studies of Plato","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Illīc","gloss":"illic: yonder, there"},{"text":"vel","gloss":"even, actually"},{"text":"studiīs","gloss":"studium: eagerness, enthusiasm, zeal, spirit"},{"text":"animum","gloss":"animus: mind, heart; spirit, feeling"},{"text":"ēmendāre","gloss":"emendo: correct, emend, repair"},{"text":"Platōnis","gloss":"Plato: Plato"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.v3.1.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"la.pr.C45.v3.2","source":"incipiam aut hortīs, docte Epicūre, tuīs;","translation":"or in your gardens, learned Epicurus;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"incipiam","gloss":"incipio: begin"},{"text":"aut","gloss":"or"},{"text":"hortīs,","gloss":"hortus: garden, fruit/kitchen garden"},{"text":"docte","gloss":"doceo: teach, show, point out"},{"text":"Epicūre,","gloss":"Epicurus: Epicurus (a name)"},{"text":"tuīs;","gloss":"tuus: your, yours"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.v3.2.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"la.pr.C45.v3.3","source":"persequar aut studium linguae, Dēmosthenis arma,","translation":"or I shall follow the study of speech, the weapons of Demosthenes,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"persequar","gloss":"persequor: follow up, pursue"},{"text":"aut","gloss":"or"},{"text":"studium","gloss":"eagerness, enthusiasm, zeal, spirit"},{"text":"linguae,","gloss":"lingua: tongue"},{"text":"Dēmosthenis","gloss":"Demosthenes: Demosthenes"},{"text":"arma,","gloss":"arms"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.v3.3.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"la.pr.C45.v3.4","source":"librōrumque tuōs, docte Menandre, salēs;","translation":"and the wit of your books, learned Menander;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"librōrumque","gloss":"scales, balance"},{"text":"tuōs,","gloss":"tuus: your"},{"text":"docte","gloss":"doceo: teach, show, point out"},{"text":"Menandre,","gloss":"Menandre (a name)"},{"text":"salēs;","gloss":"sal: open sea, high sea, main, deep, ocean"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.v3.4.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"la.pr.C45.v3.5","source":"aut certē tabulae capient mea lūmina pictae,","translation":"or certainly painted panels will catch my eyes,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"aut","gloss":"or"},{"text":"certē","gloss":"certus: fixed, certain, sure"},{"text":"tabulae","gloss":"tabula: writing tablet (wax covered board)"},{"text":"capient","gloss":"capio: take hold, seize"},{"text":"mea","gloss":"meus: my, mine"},{"text":"lūmina","gloss":"lumen: light"},{"text":"pictae,","gloss":"pingo: paint, tint, color"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.v3.5.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"la.pr.C45.v3.6","source":"sīve ebore exāctae, seu magis aere, manūs.","translation":"or works finished in ivory, or rather in bronze.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"sīve","gloss":"sive: or if"},{"text":"ebore","gloss":"ebur: ivory"},{"text":"exāctae,","gloss":"exigo: drive out, expel"},{"text":"seu","gloss":"sive: or if"},{"text":"magis","gloss":"more, in a higher degree"},{"text":"aere,","gloss":"aes: money, pay, fee, fare"},{"text":"manūs.","gloss":"manus: manna"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.v3.6.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"la.pr.C45.s4.1","source":"Cūrā, pater cārissime, ut valeās.","translation":"Take care to keep well, dearest father.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūrā,","gloss":"cura: care, trouble"},{"text":"pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"cārissime,","gloss":"carus: dear, beloved"},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"valeās.","gloss":"valeo: be strong; to be most powerful, have great influence"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.s4.1.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"la.pr.C45.s4.2","source":"Valē.","translation":"Farewell.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Valē.","gloss":"valeo: be strong/powerful/influential/healthy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.s4.2.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"la.pr.C45.pB1.1","source":"Quando Athēnās pervēnī?","translation":"When did I reach Athens?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quando","gloss":"when (interog), at what time"},{"text":"Athēnās","gloss":"Athenae: Athens"},{"text":"pervēnī?","gloss":"pervenio: come through, arrive"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.pB1.1.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"la.pr.C45.pB1.2","source":"Quālis erat cursus? Quālēs erant ventī? Quāle est mare?","translation":"What was the voyage like? What were the winds like? What is the sea like?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quālis","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"cursus?","gloss":"running"},{"text":"Quālēs","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"erant","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"ventī?","gloss":"ventus: wind"},{"text":"Quāle","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"mare?","gloss":"sea"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.pB1.2.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"la.pr.C45.pB1.3","source":"Quid videō in cursū? Quid aliud?","translation":"What do I see on the voyage? What else?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"videō","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"cursū?","gloss":"cursus: running"},{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"aliud?","gloss":"alius2: another, other"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.pB1.3.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"la.pr.C45.pB1.4","source":"Quōmodo Athēnās Pīraeō iter fēcī?","translation":"How did I make my way to Athens from the Piraeus?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quōmodo","gloss":"quomodo: how, in what way"},{"text":"Athēnās","gloss":"Athenae: Athens"},{"text":"Pīraeō","gloss":"Piraceus: pear-tree"},{"text":"iter","gloss":"march, journey, route"},{"text":"fēcī?","gloss":"facio: do, make"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.pB1.4.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"la.pr.C45.pB1.5","source":"Quōmodo sē habent amita et cōnsobrīnī?","translation":"How are my aunt and my cousins?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quōmodo","gloss":"quomodo: how, in what way"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"habent","gloss":"habeo: have, hold; regard, consider, deem"},{"text":"amita","gloss":"paternal aunt, father's sister"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"cōnsobrīnī?","gloss":"consobrinus: first cousin (female)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.pB1.5.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"la.pr.C45.pB1.6","source":"Quālis est urbs ipsa?","translation":"What is the city itself like?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quālis","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"urbs","gloss":"city"},{"text":"ipsa?","gloss":"ipse: self; even, very"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.pB1.6.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"la.pr.C45.pB1.7","source":"Quālēs Rōmae sunt Graecī? Quālēs Athēnīs?","translation":"What are the Greeks like at Rome? What at Athens?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quālēs","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"Rōmae","gloss":"Roma: Rome"},{"text":"sunt","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Graecī?","gloss":"Graeci: the Greeks"},{"text":"Quālēs","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"Athēnīs?","gloss":"Athenae: Athens"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.pB1.7.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"la.pr.C45.pB1.8","source":"Quid Athēnīs faciam?","translation":"What shall I do at Athens?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"Athēnīs","gloss":"Athenae: Athens"},{"text":"faciam?","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.pB1.8.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"la.pr.C45.pB1.9","source":"Cūr ita faciam?","translation":"Why shall I do so?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"ita","gloss":"thus, in this way, as follows"},{"text":"faciam?","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.pB1.9.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"la.pr.C45.pB1.10","source":"Quid Propertius Athēnīs fēcit?","translation":"What did Propertius do at Athens?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"Propertius","gloss":"praetor (official elected by the Romans who served as a judge)"},{"text":"Athēnīs","gloss":"Athenae: Athens"},{"text":"fēcit?","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.pB1.10.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"la.pr.C45.pB2.1","source":"Dēscrībe tuīs verbīs iter Lūcī Pīraeum factum.","translation":"Describe in your own words the journey Lucius made to the Piraeus.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dēscrībe","gloss":"describo: describe/draw, mark/trace out"},{"text":"tuīs","gloss":"tuus: your, yours"},{"text":"verbīs","gloss":"verbum: word"},{"text":"iter","gloss":"march, journey, route"},{"text":"Lūcī","gloss":"Lucius: pike"},{"text":"Pīraeum","gloss":"Piraceus: pear-tree"},{"text":"factum.","gloss":"fact, deed, act"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.pB2.1.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"la.pr.C45.pB2.2","source":"Cūr prīscī admīrandī erant Graecī?","translation":"Why were the Greeks of old to be admired?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"prīscī","gloss":"prisci: praetor (official elected by the Romans who served as a judge)"},{"text":"admīrandī","gloss":"admirandus: wonderful, admirable"},{"text":"erant","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Graecī?","gloss":"Graeci: the Greeks"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.pB2.2.m4a"},{"number":165,"id":"la.pr.C45.pB2.3","source":"Quālī vītā Athēnīs fruitur Lūcius?","translation":"What sort of life does Lucius enjoy at Athens?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quālī","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"vītā","gloss":"vita: life"},{"text":"Athēnīs","gloss":"Athenae: Athens"},{"text":"fruitur","gloss":"fruor: enjoy (proceeds/socially/sexually), profit by, delight in (w/ABL)"},{"text":"Lūcius?","gloss":"Lucius: pike"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.pB2.3.m4a"},{"number":166,"id":"la.pr.C45.pB2.4","source":"Cūr minus placent Graecī cum Rōmae habitant?","translation":"Why do the Greeks please us less when they live at Rome?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"minus","gloss":"parvus: small, little"},{"text":"placent","gloss":"placeo: appease"},{"text":"Graecī","gloss":"Graeci: the Greeks"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"Rōmae","gloss":"Roma: Rome"},{"text":"habitant?","gloss":"habito: dwell, abide, inhabit"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.pB2.4.m4a"},{"number":167,"id":"la.pr.C45.pB2.5","source":"Cūr ad patrem scrībit Lūcius?","translation":"Why does Lucius write to his father?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"patrem","gloss":"pater: father"},{"text":"scrībit","gloss":"scribo: write"},{"text":"Lūcius?","gloss":"Lucius: pike"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.pB2.5.m4a"},{"number":168,"id":"la.pr.C45.pB2.6","source":"Quid dē Platōne, Dēmosthene, Menandrō scīs?","translation":"What do you know about Plato, Demosthenes and Menander?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"dē","gloss":"de: down from; concerning"},{"text":"Platōne,","gloss":"Plato: Plato"},{"text":"Dēmosthene,","gloss":"Demosthenes: Demosthenes"},{"text":"Menandrō","gloss":"Menandrō (a name)"},{"text":"scīs?","gloss":"scio: know, understand"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.pB2.6.m4a"},{"number":169,"id":"la.pr.C45.pC.1","source":"Quando est ventus secundus?","translation":"When is a wind favourable?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quando","gloss":"when (interog), at what time"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"ventus","gloss":"wind"},{"text":"secundus?","gloss":"next, following"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.pC.1.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"la.pr.C45.pC.2","source":"Quid facit nauseam?","translation":"What causes seasickness?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"facit","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"nauseam?","gloss":"nausea: nausea"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.pC.2.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"la.pr.C45.pC.3","source":"Quid sīgnificant vocābula amita, cōnsobrīnī, patruus?","translation":"What do the words amita, cōnsobrīnī, patruus mean?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"sīgnificant","gloss":"significo: signify, indicate, show"},{"text":"vocābula","gloss":"vocabulum: noun, common/concrete noun"},{"text":"amita,","gloss":"paternal aunt, father's sister"},{"text":"cōnsobrīnī,","gloss":"consobrinus: first cousin (female)"},{"text":"patruus?","gloss":"father's brother"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.pC.3.m4a"},{"number":172,"id":"la.pr.C45.pC.4","source":"Aliter verte studiīs perfectīs.","translation":"Put 'when my studies are done' another way.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Aliter","gloss":"otherwise, differently"},{"text":"verte","gloss":"verto: turn, turn around"},{"text":"studiīs","gloss":"studium: eagerness, enthusiasm, zeal, spirit"},{"text":"perfectīs.","gloss":"perficio: complete, finish"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C45.pC.4.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"Athēnās","gloss":"Athens, from Athenae"},{"word":"trānsvectus","gloss":"transport, lead across, from transveho"},{"word":"gāvīsūrōs","gloss":"be glad, rejoice"},{"word":"voluptāte","gloss":"pleasure, delight, from voluptas"},{"word":"nauseāve","gloss":"nausea, from nausea"},{"word":"Pīraeum","gloss":"pear-tree, from Piraceus"},{"word":"meo","gloss":"go along, pass"},{"word":"Amita","gloss":"paternal aunt, father's sister"},{"word":"cōnsobrīnī","gloss":"first cousin, from consobrinus"},{"word":"Aeschylum","gloss":"money, pay, from Aeschylus"},{"word":"Sophoclem","gloss":"Sophocles"},{"word":"mercēnāriī","gloss":"hired for wages, from mercenarius"},{"word":"permīsistī","gloss":"let through, from permitto"},{"word":"ōrātōriam","gloss":"of an orator, from oratorius"},{"word":"ēdoctus","gloss":"teach or inform thoroughly, from edoceo"},{"word":"ēmendāre","gloss":"correct, emend, from emendo"},{"word":"librōrumque","gloss":"scales, balance"},{"word":"salēs","gloss":"open sea, high sea, from sal"},{"word":"ebore","gloss":"ivory, from ebur"},{"word":"prīscī","gloss":"praetor"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Fīnis (Puer Rōmānus 46)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":173,"id":"la.pr.C46.s1.1","source":"Fīnis adest nārrātiōnis hūius, adest quoque fīnis pueritiae.","translation":"The end of this tale is at hand, and the end of boyhood is at hand as well.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Fīnis","gloss":"finis: end, limit; country, territory"},{"text":"adest","gloss":"adsum: take (to/up/on/from), adopt/raise, use"},{"text":"nārrātiōnis","gloss":"narratio: narrative, story"},{"text":"hūius,","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"adest","gloss":"adsum: take (to/up/on/from), adopt/raise, use"},{"text":"quoque","gloss":"also; after"},{"text":"fīnis","gloss":"finis: end, limit; country, territory"},{"text":"pueritiae.","gloss":"pueritia: childhood, boyhood"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C46.s1.1.m4a"},{"number":174,"id":"la.pr.C46.s1.2","source":"Nunc autem vōs omnēs, quī hunc librum recitātis, iubeō valēre.","translation":"And now I bid farewell to all of you who read this book aloud.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nunc","gloss":"now, the present moment"},{"text":"autem","gloss":"but, moreover, now"},{"text":"vōs","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"omnēs,","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"hunc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"librum","gloss":"liber4: children (pl.)"},{"text":"recitātis,","gloss":"recito: read aloud, recite"},{"text":"iubeō","gloss":"jubeo: order, command"},{"text":"valēre.","gloss":"valeo: be strong; to be most powerful, have great influence"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C46.s1.2.m4a"},{"number":175,"id":"la.pr.C46.s1.3","source":"Ut enim vōbīs discenda est lingua Latīna, ita mihi, quī iam sum adulēscēns, nōn puer, Athēnīs est discenda ars ōrātōria.","translation":"For as you must learn the Latin language, so I, who am now a young man and not a boy, must learn the art of oratory at Athens.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"enim","gloss":"for, in fact, indeed."},{"text":"vōbīs","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"discenda","gloss":"disco: learn"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"lingua","gloss":"tongue"},{"text":"Latīna,","gloss":"Latinum: Latin (lingua/language)"},{"text":"ita","gloss":"thus, in this way, as follows"},{"text":"mihi,","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"iam","gloss":"jam: already, now"},{"text":"sum","gloss":"be; exist"},{"text":"adulēscēns,","gloss":"adulescens: a youth, young man, young person"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"puer,","gloss":"boy"},{"text":"Athēnīs","gloss":"Athenae: Athens"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"discenda","gloss":"disco: learn"},{"text":"ars","gloss":"skill/craft/art"},{"text":"ōrātōria.","gloss":"oratoria: speaker, orator"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C46.s1.3.m4a"},{"number":176,"id":"la.pr.C46.s1.4","source":"Valēte omnēs, et bonī este discipulī.","translation":"Farewell to you all, and be good pupils.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Valēte","gloss":"valeo: be strong/powerful/influential/healthy"},{"text":"omnēs,","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"bonī","gloss":"bonus: good, kind"},{"text":"este","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"discipulī.","gloss":"discipulus: pupil, disciple"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C46.s1.4.m4a"},{"number":177,"id":"la.pr.C46.pB1.1","source":"Quid adest?","translation":"What is at hand?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"adest?","gloss":"adsum: take (to/up/on/from), adopt/raise, use"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C46.pB1.1.m4a"},{"number":178,"id":"la.pr.C46.pB1.2","source":"Quid mē oportet facere?","translation":"What must I do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"mē","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"oportet","gloss":"require (to be done), order"},{"text":"facere?","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C46.pB1.2.m4a"},{"number":179,"id":"la.pr.C46.pB1.3","source":"Quid vōbīs, quid mihi, est faciendum?","translation":"What must you do, and what must I do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"vōbīs,","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"mihi,","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"faciendum?","gloss":"facio: do, make"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C46.pB1.3.m4a"},{"number":180,"id":"la.pr.C46.pB1.4","source":"Ubi iam discam?","translation":"Where shall I learn now?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ubi","gloss":"where"},{"text":"iam","gloss":"jam: already, now"},{"text":"discam?","gloss":"disco: learn"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C46.pB1.4.m4a"},{"number":181,"id":"la.pr.C46.pB1.5","source":"Quid discam?","translation":"What shall I learn?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"discam?","gloss":"disco: learn"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C46.pB1.5.m4a"},{"number":182,"id":"la.pr.C46.pB2.1","source":"Quid dēbēs facere cum ad fīnem librī pervēneris?","translation":"What ought you to do when you have reached the end of the book?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"dēbēs","gloss":"debeo: owe"},{"text":"facere","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"fīnem","gloss":"finis: end, limit; country, territory"},{"text":"librī","gloss":"liber4: children (pl.)"},{"text":"pervēneris?","gloss":"pervenio: come to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C46.pB2.1.m4a"},{"number":183,"id":"la.pr.C46.pB2.2","source":"Quālēs puerī dē Puerō Rōmānō discunt?","translation":"What sort of boys learn from the Roman Boy?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quālēs","gloss":"qualis: what kind/sort/condition (of)"},{"text":"puerī","gloss":"puer: boy"},{"text":"dē","gloss":"de: down from; concerning"},{"text":"Puerō","gloss":"puer: boy"},{"text":"Rōmānō","gloss":"Romanus: Roman"},{"text":"discunt?","gloss":"disco: learn"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C46.pB2.2.m4a"},{"number":184,"id":"la.pr.C46.pB2.3","source":"Cūr Athēnīs potissimum discenda est ars ōrātōria?","translation":"Why must the art of oratory be learnt at Athens above all?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"Athēnīs","gloss":"Athenae: Athens"},{"text":"potissimum","gloss":"potissimus: chief, principal, most prominent/powerful"},{"text":"discenda","gloss":"disco: learn"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"ars","gloss":"skill/craft/art"},{"text":"ōrātōria?","gloss":"oratoria: speaker, orator"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C46.pB2.3.m4a"},{"number":185,"id":"la.pr.C46.pB2.4","source":"Quid imperat Anglicīs puerīs puer Rōmānus?","translation":"What does the Roman boy tell English boys to do?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"imperat","gloss":"impero: order, command, levy"},{"text":"Anglicīs","gloss":"Anglicus: old (of female persons and things), aged"},{"text":"puerīs","gloss":"puer: boy"},{"text":"puer","gloss":"boy"},{"text":"Rōmānus?","gloss":"Romanus: Roman"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.pr.C46.pB2.4.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"nārrātiōnis","gloss":"narrative, story, from narratio"},{"word":"pueritiae","gloss":"childhood, boyhood, from pueritia"},{"word":"adulēscēns","gloss":"a youth, young man"},{"word":"ōrātōria","gloss":"speaker, orator"},{"word":"potissimum","gloss":"chief, principal, from potissimus"}],"paradigms":[]}]}