{"course":{"lang":"la","language":"Latin","title":"Prīmus et Secundus Annus","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la","source":"Paine and Mainwaring, Prīmus Annus (Oxford, 1912) and Secundus Annus (1917); Appleton and Jones, Puer Rōmānus (1913); D'Ooge, Latin for Beginners (Boston, 1911); Ritchie, Fabulae Faciles (1903). Public domain. The teaching pages, the glosses and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":21,"id":"la.module.do.18-22","title":"Lessons XVIII–XXII","stage":"Latin for Beginners I","situation":"Conjugation; The Four Regular Conjugations: Present Active Indicative of Amō and Moneō; Imperfect Active Indicative of Amō and Moneō; Future Active Indicative of Amō and Moneō; Review of Verbs: The Dative with Adjectives","outcome":"Lessons XVIII to XXII of D'Ooge, read whole","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/21","lines":99},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/20","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/22","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/","sections":[{"title":"Dialogue: The Boys Sextus and Marcus (D'Ooge XVIII)","teaching":[{"title":"One verb, three forms","paragraphs":["Ubi es, Mārce, ubi est Quīntus, ubi estis, amīcī means, Where are you, Marcus, where is Quintus, where are you, friends.","Es addresses Marcus, est speaks of Quintus, and estis addresses the friends. Latin puts person and number into the verb's form.","The personal endings table gives the active endings for all three persons in both numbers."]},{"title":"The Persons","paragraphs":[]},{"title":"The form marks the time","paragraphs":["Nūper aeger eram et nunc īnfīrmus sum means, Lately I was sick, and now I am weak.","Eram is imperfect and sum is present. Nunc laetī sumus et erimus moves from present sumus to future erimus."]},{"title":"The indicative presents facts","paragraphs":["Mood is the form a verb takes to present its action in a particular manner.","The indicative presents something assumed as fact, whether in a statement or a question.","Ubi es, Mārce and Nunc laetus es use the indicative to ask and state what is true now."]},{"title":"To be is irregular","paragraphs":["The Latin verb meaning to be is irregular. Its forms depart from the regular plan followed by most verbs.","Sum, eram, and erō mean I am, I was, and I shall be. Sumus, erāmus, and erimus give the same tenses in the plural.","The dialogue changes among these forms to mark tense, person, and number."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"la.do.L18.d1.1","source":"Ubi es, Mārce? Ubi est Quīntus? Ubi estis, amīcī?","translation":"Where are you, Marcus? Where is Quintus? Where are you, friends?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ubi","gloss":"where"},{"text":"es,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Mārce?","gloss":"Marcus: Marcus, Mark"},{"text":"Ubi","gloss":"where"},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Quīntus?","gloss":"Quintus: fifth"},{"text":"Ubi","gloss":"where"},{"text":"estis,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"amīcī?","gloss":"amicus: friend"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L18.d1.1.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"la.do.L18.d1.2","source":"Cum Quīntō, Sexte, in silvā sum. Nōn sōlī sumus; sunt in silvā multī aliī puerī.","translation":"I am in the forest with Quintus, Sextus. We are not alone; there are many other boys in the forest.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"Quīntō,","gloss":"Quintus: fifth"},{"text":"Sexte,","gloss":"Sextus: Sextus"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"silvā","gloss":"silva: wood, forest"},{"text":"sum.","gloss":"be; exist"},{"text":"Nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"sōlī","gloss":"sol: sun"},{"text":"sumus;","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"sunt","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"silvā","gloss":"silva: wood, forest"},{"text":"multī","gloss":"multus: much; many"},{"text":"aliī","gloss":"alius2: another, other"},{"text":"puerī.","gloss":"puer: boy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L18.d1.2.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"la.do.L18.d1.3","source":"Nunc laetus es, sed nūper nōn laetus erās. Cūr miser erās?","translation":"Now you are happy, but lately you were not happy. Why were you wretched?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nunc","gloss":"now, the present moment"},{"text":"laetus","gloss":"happy, glad"},{"text":"es,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"nūper","gloss":"nuper: lately, recently"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"laetus","gloss":"happy, glad"},{"text":"erās.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"miser","gloss":"wretched, unfortunate"},{"text":"erās?","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L18.d1.3.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"la.do.L18.d1.4","source":"Miser eram quia amīcī meī erant in aliō vicō et eram sōlus. Nunc sum apud sociōs meōs. Nunc laetī sumus et erimus.","translation":"I was wretched because my friends were in another village and I was alone. Now I am among my companions. Now we are happy and shall be.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Miser","gloss":"wretched, unfortunate"},{"text":"eram","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"quia","gloss":"because"},{"text":"amīcī","gloss":"amicus: friend"},{"text":"meī","gloss":"meus: my"},{"text":"erant","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"aliō","gloss":"alius2: another, other"},{"text":"vicō","gloss":"vicus: village"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"eram","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"sōlus.","gloss":"solus: alone, only"},{"text":"Nunc","gloss":"now, the present moment"},{"text":"sum","gloss":"be; exist"},{"text":"apud","gloss":"among"},{"text":"sociōs","gloss":"socius: companion, ally"},{"text":"meōs.","gloss":"meus: my, mine"},{"text":"Nunc","gloss":"now, the present moment"},{"text":"laetī","gloss":"laetus: happy, glad"},{"text":"sumus","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"erimus.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L18.d1.4.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"la.do.L18.d1.5","source":"Erātisne in lūdo hodiē?","translation":"Were you in school to-day?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Erātisne","gloss":"Erātisne (a name)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"lūdo","gloss":"ludo: play"},{"text":"hodiē?","gloss":"hodie: to-day"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L18.d1.5.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"la.do.L18.d1.6","source":"Hodiē nōn erāmus in lūdō, quod magister erat aeger.","translation":"To-day we were not in school, because the teacher was sick.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hodiē","gloss":"hodie: to-day"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"erāmus","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"lūdō,","gloss":"ludo: play"},{"text":"quod","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"magister","gloss":"master, commander; teacher"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"aeger.","gloss":"sick"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L18.d1.6.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"la.do.L18.d1.7","source":"Eritisne mox in lūdō?","translation":"Will you be in school soon?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Eritisne","gloss":"Eritisne (a name)"},{"text":"mox","gloss":"soon, presently"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"lūdō?","gloss":"ludo: play"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L18.d1.7.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"la.do.L18.d1.8","source":"Amīcī meī ibi erunt, sed ego nōn erō.","translation":"My friends will be there, but I shall not be.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Amīcī","gloss":"amicus: friend"},{"text":"meī","gloss":"meus: my"},{"text":"ibi","gloss":"there, in that place"},{"text":"erunt,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ego","gloss":"I"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"erō.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L18.d1.8.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"la.do.L18.d1.9","source":"Cūr nōn ibi eris? Magister, saepe irātus, inopiam tuam studī dīligentiaeque nōn laudat.","translation":"Why will you not be there? The teacher, often angry, does not praise your lack of zeal and diligence.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"ibi","gloss":"there, in that place"},{"text":"eris?","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Magister,","gloss":"master, commander; teacher"},{"text":"saepe","gloss":"often"},{"text":"irātus,","gloss":"irascor: get/be/become angry"},{"text":"inopiam","gloss":"inopia: want, lack"},{"text":"tuam","gloss":"tuus: your, yours"},{"text":"studī","gloss":"studium: zeal, eagerness"},{"text":"dīligentiaeque","gloss":"diligence/care/attentiveness"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"laudat.","gloss":"laudo: praise"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L18.d1.9.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"la.do.L18.d1.10","source":"Nūper aeger eram et nunc īnfīrmus sum.","translation":"Lately I was sick, and now I am weak.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nūper","gloss":"nuper: lately, recently"},{"text":"aeger","gloss":"sick"},{"text":"eram","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"nunc","gloss":"now, the present moment"},{"text":"īnfīrmus","gloss":"infirmus: week, feeble"},{"text":"sum.","gloss":"be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L18.d1.10.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":119,"text":"D'Ooge, Latin for Beginners (1911), Lesson XVIII, §§119-123\n\n§119. The inflection of a verb is called its conjugation (cf. §23). In English the verb has but few changes in form, the different meanings being expressed by the use of personal pronouns and auxiliaries, as, I am carried, we have carried, they shall have carried, etc. In Latin, on the other hand, instead of using personal pronouns and auxiliary verbs, the form changes with the meaning. In this way the Romans expressed differences in tense, mood, voice, person, and number."},{"section":120,"text":"§120. The Tenses. The different forms of a verb referring to different times are called its tenses. The chief distinctions of time are present, past, and future:\n\n1. The present, that is, what is happening now, or\n   what usually happens, is expressed by\n      THE PRESENT TENSE\n\n2. The past, that is, what was happening, used to happen, happened, has happened, or had happened, is expressed by THE IMPERFECT, PERFECT, AND PLUPERFECT TENSES\n\n3. The future, that is, what is going to happen, is expressed by THE FUTURE AND FUTURE PERFECT TENSES"},{"section":121,"text":"§121. The Moods. Verbs have inflection of mood to indicate the manner in which they express action. The moods of the Latin verb are the indicative, subjunctive, imperative, and infinitive.\n\na. A verb is in the indicative mood when it makes a statement or asks a question about something assumed as a fact. All the verbs we have used thus far are in the present indicative."},{"section":122,"text":"§122. The Persons. There are three persons, as in English. The first person is the person speaking (I sing); the second person the person spoken to (you sing); the third person the person spoken of (he sings). Instead of using personal pronouns for the different persons in the two numbers, singular and plural, the Latin verb uses the personal endings (cf. §22 a; 29). We have already learned that -t is the ending of the third person singular in the active voice and -nt of the third person plural. The complete list of personal endings of the active voice is as follows:\n\n            SINGULAR                  PLURAL\n1st Pers. I               -m or -ō  we     -mus\n2d Pers.    thou or you -s        you    -tis\n3d Pers.    he, she, it     -t        they -nt"},{"section":123,"text":"§123. Most verbs form their moods and tenses after a regular plan and are called regular verbs. Verbs that depart from this plan are called irregular. The verb to be is irregular in Latin as in English. The present, imperfect, and future tenses of the indicative are inflected as follows:\n\nPRESENT INDICATIVE\n            SINGULAR                        PLURAL\n1st Pers. su-m, I am                      su-mus, we are\n2d Pers.    e-s, you[1] are                 es-tis, you[1] are\n3d Pers.    es-t, he, she, or it is       su-nt,  they are\n[1] Observe that in English you are, you were, etc. may be either singular or plural. In Latin the singular and plural forms are never the same.\n\nIMPERFECT INDICATIVE\n            SINGULAR                        PLURAL\n1st Pers. er-a-m, I was                   er-ā´-mus, we were\n2d Pers.    er-ā-s, you were                er-ā´-tis, you were\n3d Pers.    er-a-t, he, she, or it was    er-a-nt,   they were\n\nFUTURE INDICATIVE\n            SINGULAR                        PLURAL\n1st Pers. er-ō,   I shall be              er´-i-mus, we shall be\n2d Pers.    er-i-s, you will be             er´-i-tis, you will be\n3d Pers.    er-i-t, he will be              er-u-nt,   they will be\n\na. Be careful about vowel quantity and accent in these forms, and consult §§12.2; 14; 15."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"dīligentiaeque","gloss":"diligence"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"English into Latin (D'Ooge XVIII)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":11,"id":"la.do.L18.e2.1","source":"Es, erās, eris; estis, erātis, eritis.","translation":"You are, you were, you will be,.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Es,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"erās,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"eris;","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"estis,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"erātis,","gloss":""},{"text":"eritis.","gloss":"sum: be"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L18.e2.1.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"la.do.L18.e2.2","source":"Sum, eram, erō.","translation":"I am, I was, I shall be.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sum,","gloss":"be; exist"},{"text":"eram,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"erō.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L18.e2.2.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"la.do.L18.e2.3","source":"Est, erat, erit.","translation":"He is, he was, he will be.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Est,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"erat,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"erit.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L18.e2.3.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"la.do.L18.e2.4","source":"Sumus, erāmus, erimus.","translation":"We are, we were, we shall be.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sumus,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"erāmus,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"erimus.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L18.e2.4.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"la.do.L18.e2.5","source":"Sunt, erant, erunt.","translation":"They are, they were, they will be.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sunt,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"erant,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"erunt.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L18.e2.5.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"la.do.L18.e2.6","source":"Cūr hodiē in lūdō nōn erās? Aeger eram.","translation":"Why were you not in school to-day? I was sick.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"hodiē","gloss":"hodie: to-day"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"lūdō","gloss":"ludo: play"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"erās?","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Aeger","gloss":"sick"},{"text":"eram.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L18.e2.6.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"la.do.L18.e2.7","source":"Nūper nauta erat, nunc agricola est, mox magister erit.","translation":"Lately he was a sailor, now he is a farmer, soon he will be a teacher.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nūper","gloss":"nuper: lately, recently"},{"text":"nauta","gloss":"sailor"},{"text":"erat,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"nunc","gloss":"now, the present moment"},{"text":"agricola","gloss":"farmer"},{"text":"est,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"mox","gloss":"soon, presently"},{"text":"magister","gloss":"master, commander; teacher"},{"text":"erit.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L18.e2.7.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"la.do.L18.e2.8","source":"Hodiē laetus sum, sed nūper miser eram.","translation":"To-day I am happy, but lately I was wretched.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hodiē","gloss":"hodie: to-day"},{"text":"laetus","gloss":"happy, glad"},{"text":"sum,","gloss":"be; exist"},{"text":"sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"nūper","gloss":"nuper: lately, recently"},{"text":"miser","gloss":"wretched, unfortunate"},{"text":"eram.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L18.e2.8.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"la.do.L18.e2.9","source":"Magistrī dīligentiā puerōrum laetī erant.","translation":"The teachers were happy because of the boys’ industry.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Magistrī","gloss":"magister: master, commander; teacher"},{"text":"dīligentiā","gloss":"diligentia: diligence, industry"},{"text":"puerōrum","gloss":"puer: boy"},{"text":"laetī","gloss":"laetus: happy, glad"},{"text":"erant.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L18.e2.9.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Give the forms (D'Ooge XIX)","teaching":[{"title":"The stem vowel marks the conjugation","paragraphs":["Mātūrās, dēsīderat, vidēmus means you hasten, he longs for, the speakers see.","Mātūrās and dēsīderat come from verbs of the first conjugation. Vidēmus comes from a verb of the second conjugation.","The present stem is the present infinitive without -re. Amāre gives amā-, and monēre gives monē-.","The four infinitives and stems show the distinguishing vowel of each conjugation."]},{"title":"Distinguishing","paragraphs":[]},{"title":"The conjugations share their endings","paragraphs":["Nārrāmus, movēs, vident means the speakers tell, you move, they see.","Nārrāmus follows amō. Movēs and vident follow moneō.","Both conjugations add the same personal endings to the present stem.","The forms of amō and moneō show the same six endings with different stem vowels."]},{"title":"","paragraphs":[]},{"title":"Dō has a short stem vowel","paragraphs":["Dēlet, habētis, iubēmus, dās means he destroys, you have, the speakers order, you give.","Dēlet, habētis, and iubēmus follow moneō.","Dō belongs to the first conjugation, but its present stem is dă-, not dā-.","Dās has long ā."]}],"lines":[{"number":20,"id":"la.do.L19.e1.4","source":"Mātūrās, dēsīderat, vidēmus.","translation":"You (sing.) hasten, he longs for, we see.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mātūrās,","gloss":"Matura: Matura (a name)"},{"text":"dēsīderat,","gloss":"desidero: long for"},{"text":"vidēmus.","gloss":"video: see, perceive"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L19.e1.4.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"la.do.L19.e1.5","source":"Iubet, movent, necat.","translation":"He orders, they move, he kills.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Iubet,","gloss":"jubeo: order, command"},{"text":"movent,","gloss":"moveo: move"},{"text":"necat.","gloss":"neco: kill"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L19.e1.5.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"la.do.L19.e1.6","source":"Nārrāmus, movēs, vident.","translation":"We tell, you (sing.) move, they see.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nārrāmus,","gloss":"narro: tell, relate"},{"text":"movēs,","gloss":"moveo: move"},{"text":"vident.","gloss":"video: see, perceive"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L19.e1.6.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"la.do.L19.e1.7","source":"Labōrātis, properant, portās, parant.","translation":"You (pl.) labor, they hasten, you (sing.) carry, they prepare.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Labōrātis,","gloss":"laboro: labor; suffer, be hard pressed"},{"text":"properant,","gloss":"propero: hurry, speed up"},{"text":"portās,","gloss":"porta: gate"},{"text":"parant.","gloss":"paro: prepare for, prepare; provide, procure"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L19.e1.7.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"la.do.L19.e1.8","source":"Dēlet, habētis, iubēmus, dās.","translation":"He destroys, you (pl.) have, we order, you (sing.) give.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dēlet,","gloss":"deleo: blot out, destroy"},{"text":"habētis,","gloss":"habeo: have, hold; regard, consider, deem"},{"text":"iubēmus,","gloss":"jubeo: order, command"},{"text":"dās.","gloss":"do: give"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L19.e1.8.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"la.do.L19.e1.1.hw","source":"iubeō","translation":"order, command","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"iubeō","gloss":"order, command"}],"audio":null},{"number":26,"id":"la.do.L19.e1.2.hw","source":"videō","translation":"see, perceive","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"videō","gloss":"see, perceive"}],"audio":null},{"number":27,"id":"la.do.L19.e1.3.hw","source":"dō","translation":"give","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"dō","gloss":"give"}],"audio":null}],"grammar":[{"section":126,"text":"D'Ooge, Latin for Beginners (1911), Lesson XIX, §§126-130\n\n§126. There are four conjugations of the regular verbs. These conjugations are distinguished from each other by the final vowel of the present conjugation-stem.[1] This vowel is called the distinguishing vowel, and is best seen in the present infinitive.\n[1] The stem is the body of a word to which the terminations are attached. It is often identical with the base (cf. §58). If, however, the stem ends in a vowel, the latter does not appear in the base, but is variously combined with the inflectional terminations. This point is further explained in §230.\n\nBelow is given the present infinitive of a verb of each conjugation, the present stem, and the distinguishing vowel.\n\n                                                  DISTINGUISHING\nCONJUGATION   PRES. INFIN.            PRES. STEM      VOWEL\n    I.         amā´re, to love       amā-            ā\n   II.         monē´re, to advise    monē-           ē\n  III.         re´gĕre, to rule      regĕ-           ĕ\n   IV.         audī´re, to hear      audi-           ī\n\na. Note that the present stem of each conjugation is found by dropping -re, the ending of the present infinitive.\n\nNOTE. The present infinitive of sum is esse, and es- is the present stem."},{"section":127,"text":"§127. From the present stem are formed the present, imperfect, and future tenses."},{"section":128,"text":"§128. The inflection of the Present Active Indicative of the first and of the second conjugation is as follows:\n\na´mō, amā´re (love)        mo´neō, monē´re (advise)\n PRES. STEM amā-                PRES. STEM monē-\n\n    SINGULAR                    PLURAL            PERSONAL ENDINGS\n1. a´mō, I love                 mo´neō, I advise                -ō\n2. a´mās, you love              mo´nēs, you advise              -s\n3. a´mat, he (she, it) loves    mo´net, he (she, it) advises    -t\n\n1. amā´mus, we love             monē´mus, we advise           -mus\n2. amā´tis, you love            monē´tis, you advise          -tis\n3. a´mant, they love            mo´nent, they advise           -nt\n\n1. The present tense is inflected by adding the personal endings to the present stem, and its first person uses -o and not -m. The form amō is for amā-ō, the two vowels ā-ō contracting to ō. In moneō there is no contraction. Nearly all regular verbs ending in -eo belong to the second conjugation.\n\n2. Note that the long final vowel of the stem is shortened before another vowel (monē-ō = mo´nĕō), and before final -t (amăt, monĕt) and -nt (amănt, monĕnt). Compare §12.2."},{"section":129,"text":"§129. Like amō and moneō inflect the present active indicative of the following verbs[2]:\n[2] The only new verbs in this list are the five of the second conjugation which are starred. Learn their meanings.\n\nINDICATIVE PRESENT           INFINITIVE PRESENT\n a´rō, I plow                 arā´re, to plow\n cū´rō, I care for            cūrā´re, to care for\n*dē´leō, I destroy            dēlē´re, to destroy\n dēsī´derō, I long for        dēsīderā´re, to long for\n dō,[3] I give                da´re, to give\n*ha´beō, I have               habē´re, to have\n ha´bitō, I live, I dwell     habitā´re, to live, to dwell\n*iu´beō, I order              iubē´re, to order\n labō´rō, I labor             labōrā´re, to labor\n lau´dō, I praise             laudā´re, to praise\n mātū´rō, I hasten            mātūrā´re, to hasten\n*mo´veō, I move               movē´re, to move\n nār´rō, I tell               nārrā´re, to tell\n ne´cō, I kill                necā´re, to kill\n nūn´tiō, I announce          nūntiā´re, to announce\n pa´rō, I prepare             parā´re, to prepare\n por´tō, I carry              portā´re, to carry\n pro´perō, I hasten           properā´re, to hasten\n pug´nō, I fight              pugnā´re, to fight\n*vi´deō, I see                vidē´re, to see\n vo´cō, I call                vocā´re, to call\n[3] Observe that in dō, dăre, the a is short, and that the present stem is dă- and not dā-. The only forms of dō that have a long are dās (pres. indic.), dā (pres. imv.), and dāns (pres. part.)."},{"section":130,"text":"§130. The Translation of the Present. In English there are three ways of expressing present action. We may say, for example, I live, I am living, or I do live. In Latin the one expression habitō covers all three of these expressions."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"iubeō","gloss":"order, command"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"English into Latin (D'Ooge XIX)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":28,"id":"la.do.L19.e2.1","source":"Arāmus.","translation":"We plow, we are plowing, we do plow.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Arāmus.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L19.e2.1.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"la.do.L19.e2.2","source":"Cūrant.","translation":"They care for, they are caring for, they do care for.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūrant.","gloss":"curo: care for, attend to, look after"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L19.e2.2.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"la.do.L19.e2.3","source":"Dās, habēs, habēs.","translation":"You give, you are having, you do have (sing.).","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dās,","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"habēs,","gloss":"habeo: have, hold; regard, consider, deem"},{"text":"habēs.","gloss":"habeo: have, hold; regard, consider, deem"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L19.e2.3.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"la.do.L19.e2.4","source":"Dēlēmus, dēsīderō, habitant.","translation":"We destroy, I do long for, they are living.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dēlēmus,","gloss":""},{"text":"dēsīderō,","gloss":""},{"text":"habitant.","gloss":"habito: dwell, abide, inhabit"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L19.e2.4.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"la.do.L19.e2.5","source":"Vocat, vident, nārrāmus.","translation":"He calls, they see, we are telling.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Vocat,","gloss":"voco: call, summon, invite"},{"text":"vident,","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"nārrāmus.","gloss":"narro: tell, relate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L19.e2.5.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"la.do.L19.e2.6","source":"Pugnāmus, iubēmus, movet, parat.","translation":"We do fight, we order, he is moving, he prepares.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Pugnāmus,","gloss":""},{"text":"iubēmus,","gloss":"jubeo: order, command"},{"text":"movet,","gloss":"moveo: move, stir, agitate, affect, provoke, disturb"},{"text":"parat.","gloss":"paro: prepare for, prepare; provide, procure"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L19.e2.6.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"la.do.L19.e2.7","source":"Labōrant, necāmus, nūntiās.","translation":"They are laboring, we kill, you announce.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Labōrant,","gloss":"laboro: labor; suffer, be hard pressed"},{"text":"necāmus,","gloss":""},{"text":"nūntiās.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L19.e2.7.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Give the forms (D'Ooge XX)","teaching":[{"title":"Past action in progress","paragraphs":["Iubēbant, properābātis, portābāmus describes ongoing ordering, hastening, and carrying in past time.","The imperfect also describes a past situation or condition."]},{"title":"The imperfect has -bā-","paragraphs":["In Iubēbant, the tense sign -bā- carries the force of were.","Latin adds this sign to the verb stem instead of using a separate word."]},{"title":"Stem, sign, ending","paragraphs":["Form the imperfect with the present stem, -bā-, and the personal ending. amābam contains amā-, ba-, and -m.","The ā becomes short before -nt, and before final m and t. This gives Iubēbant, movēbam, and necābat.","The amābam and monēbam tables show this pattern in the two conjugations used here."]}],"lines":[{"number":35,"id":"la.do.L20.e1.4","source":"Iubēbant, properābātis, portābāmus.","translation":"They were ordering, you (pl.) were hastening, we were carrying.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Iubēbant,","gloss":"jubeo: order, command"},{"text":"properābātis,","gloss":"quick, speedy"},{"text":"portābāmus.","gloss":"porto: bear, carry"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L20.e1.4.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"la.do.L20.e1.5","source":"Dabās, nārrābant, labōrābātis.","translation":"You (sing.) were giving, they were telling, you (pl.) were laboring.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dabās,","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"nārrābant,","gloss":"narro: tell, relate"},{"text":"labōrābātis.","gloss":"laboro: labor; suffer, be hard pressed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L20.e1.5.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"la.do.L20.e1.6","source":"Vidēbant, movēbās, nūntiābāmus.","translation":"They were seeing, you (sing.) were moving, we were announcing.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Vidēbant,","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"movēbās,","gloss":"moveo: move"},{"text":"nūntiābāmus.","gloss":"female messenger"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L20.e1.6.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"la.do.L20.e1.7","source":"Necābat, movēbam, habēbat, parābātis.","translation":"He was killing, I was moving, he was having, you (pl.) were preparing.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Necābat,","gloss":"neco: kill"},{"text":"movēbam,","gloss":"moveo: move"},{"text":"habēbat,","gloss":"habeo: have, hold; regard, consider, deem"},{"text":"parābātis.","gloss":"paro: prepare for, prepare; provide, procure"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L20.e1.7.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"la.do.L20.e1.1.hw","source":"videō","translation":"see, perceive","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"videō","gloss":"see, perceive"}],"audio":null},{"number":40,"id":"la.do.L20.e1.2.hw","source":"dō","translation":"give","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"dō","gloss":"give"}],"audio":null},{"number":41,"id":"la.do.L20.e1.3.hw","source":"laudō","translation":"praise","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"laudō","gloss":"praise"}],"audio":null}],"grammar":[{"section":132,"text":"D'Ooge, Latin for Beginners (1911), Lesson XX, §§132-134\n\n§132. Tense Signs. Instead of using auxiliary verbs to express differences in tense, like was, shall, will, etc., Latin adds to the verb stem certain elements that have the force of auxiliary verbs. These are called tense signs."},{"section":133,"text":"§133. Formation and Inflection of the Imperfect. The tense sign of the imperfect is -bā-, which is added to the present stem. The imperfect consists, therefore, of three parts:\n\nPRESENT STEM  TENSE SIGN  PERSONAL ENDING\namā-          ba-         m\nloving        was         I\n\nThe inflection is as follows:\n\nCONJUGATION I                    CONJUGATION II\n                                                              PERSONAL\n   SINGULAR                                                    ENDINGS\n1. amā´bam, I was loving         monē´bam, I was advising           -m\n2. amā´bās, you were loving      monē´bās, you were advising        -s\n3. amā´bat, he was loving        monē´bat, he was advising          -t\n\n   PLURAL\n1. amābā´mus, we were loving     monēbā´mus, we were advising     -mus\n2. amābā´tis, you were loving    monēbā´tis, you were advising    -tis\n3. amā´bant, they were loving    monē´bant, they wereadvising      -nt\n\na. Note that the ā of the tense sign -bā- is shortened before -nt, and before m and t when final. (Cf. §12.2.)\n\nIn a similar manner inflect the verbs given in §129."},{"section":134,"text":"§134. Meaning of the Imperfect. The Latin imperfect describes an act as going on or progressing in past time, like the English past-progressive tense (as, I was walking). It is the regular tense used to describe a past situation or condition of affairs."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"properābātis","gloss":"quick, speedy"},{"word":"nūntiābāmus","gloss":"female messenger"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Niobe and her Children (D'Ooge XX)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":42,"id":"la.do.L20.s1.1","source":"Niobē, rēgina Thēbānōrum, erat pulchra fēmina sed superba.","translation":"Niobe, queen of the Thebans, was a beautiful woman but proud.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Niobē,","gloss":"Niobe: Niobe"},{"text":"rēgina","gloss":"regina: queen"},{"text":"Thēbānōrum,","gloss":"Thebani: Thebans"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"pulchra","gloss":"pulcher: pretty, beautiful"},{"text":"fēmina","gloss":"femina: woman"},{"text":"sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"superba.","gloss":"superbus: proud, haughty"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L20.s1.1.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"la.do.L20.s1.2","source":"Erat superba nōn sōlum fōrmā suā marītīque potentiā sed etiam magnō līberōrum numerō.","translation":"She was proud not only of her beauty and her husband's power but also of her great number of children.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"superba","gloss":"superbus: proud, haughty"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"sōlum","gloss":"alone, only"},{"text":"fōrmā","gloss":"forma: form, beauty"},{"text":"suā","gloss":"suus: his, her, hers, its, their, theirs"},{"text":"marītīque","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"potentiā","gloss":"potentia: power"},{"text":"sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"etiam","gloss":"yet, still; also, besides"},{"text":"magnō","gloss":"magnus: great, large; strong, loud"},{"text":"līberōrum","gloss":"liberi: children"},{"text":"numerō.","gloss":"numerus: number"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L20.s1.2.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"la.do.L20.s1.3","source":"Nam habēbat septem fīliōs et septem fīliās.","translation":"For she had seven sons and seven daughters.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nam","gloss":"for"},{"text":"habēbat","gloss":"habeo: have, hold; regard, consider, deem"},{"text":"septem","gloss":"seven"},{"text":"fīliōs","gloss":"filius: son"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"septem","gloss":"seven"},{"text":"fīliās.","gloss":"filia: daughter"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L20.s1.3.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"la.do.L20.s1.4","source":"Sed ea superbia erat rēgīnae causa magnae trīstitiae et līberīs causa dūrae poenae.","translation":"But that pride was for the queen the cause of great sorrow and for the children the cause of hard punishment.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ea","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"superbia","gloss":"pride, arrogance"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"rēgīnae","gloss":"regina: queen"},{"text":"causa","gloss":"cause, reason"},{"text":"magnae","gloss":"magnus: great, large; strong, loud"},{"text":"trīstitiae","gloss":"tristitia: sadness, sorrow"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"līberīs","gloss":"liber: free"},{"text":"causa","gloss":"cause, reason"},{"text":"dūrae","gloss":"durus: hard, rough; unfeeling, cruel; severe, toilsome"},{"text":"poenae.","gloss":"poena: punishment, penalty"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L20.s1.4.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"rēgina","gloss":"queen"},{"word":"Thēbānōrum","gloss":"Thebans, from Thebani"},{"word":"marītīque","gloss":"wife"},{"word":"potentiā","gloss":"power"},{"word":"superbia","gloss":"pride, arrogance"},{"word":"trīstitiae","gloss":"sadness, sorrow, from tristitia"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"English into Latin (D'Ooge XX)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":46,"id":"la.do.L20.e2.1","source":"Habēbās, habēbātis, necābāmus, labōrābant.","translation":"You were having, we were killing, they were laboring.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Habēbās,","gloss":""},{"text":"habēbātis,","gloss":""},{"text":"necābāmus,","gloss":""},{"text":"labōrābant.","gloss":"laboro: work, labor"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L20.e2.1.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"la.do.L20.e2.2","source":"Movēbat, iubēbāmus, pugnābāmus.","translation":"He was moving, we were ordering, we were fighting.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Movēbat,","gloss":"moveo: move, stir, agitate, affect, provoke, disturb"},{"text":"iubēbāmus,","gloss":""},{"text":"pugnābāmus.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L20.e2.2.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"la.do.L20.e2.3","source":"Nārrābāmus, vidēbant, vocābat.","translation":"We were telling, they were seeing, he was calling.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nārrābāmus,","gloss":""},{"text":"vidēbant,","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"vocābat.","gloss":"voco: call, summon, invite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L20.e2.3.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"la.do.L20.e2.4","source":"Habitābant, dēsīderābam, dēlēbāmus.","translation":"They were living, I was longing for, we were destroying.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Habitābant,","gloss":"habito: dwell, abide, inhabit"},{"text":"dēsīderābam,","gloss":""},{"text":"dēlēbāmus.","gloss":"deleo: blot out, destroy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L20.e2.4.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"la.do.L20.e2.5","source":"Dabās, dabātis, movēbās, movēbātis, nūntiābās, nūntiābātis.","translation":"You were giving, you were moving, you were announcing, (sing. and plur.).","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dabās,","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"dabātis,","gloss":""},{"text":"movēbās,","gloss":"moveo: move"},{"text":"movēbātis,","gloss":"moveo: move"},{"text":"nūntiābās,","gloss":""},{"text":"nūntiābātis.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L20.e2.5.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"la.do.L20.e2.6","source":"Cūrābant, arābat, laudābāmus.","translation":"They were caring for, he was plowing, we were praising.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūrābant,","gloss":"curo: arrange/see/attend to"},{"text":"arābat,","gloss":"aro: plow, till, cultivate"},{"text":"laudābāmus.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L20.e2.6.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Give the forms (D'Ooge XXI)","teaching":[{"title":"The -bi- sign marks the future","paragraphs":["Habēbit means \"he will have.\" In first and second conjugation verbs, -bi- marks the future before the personal ending.","The same sign appears in monēbis, \"you will advise,\" and parābit, \"he will prepare.\"","Amā-, bi-, and s form amābis, \"you will love.\" The table separates the stem, future sign, and ending."]},{"title":"From the book","paragraphs":[]},{"title":"The sign changes in two forms","paragraphs":["Nūntiābō means \"I shall announce.\" In the first person singular, -bi-ō contracts to -bō.","Movēbunt means \"they will move.\" In the third person plural, -bi- becomes -bu-.","The other future forms keep -bi- and use the personal endings from the present. The amābō and monēbō tables show the complete pattern."]},{"title":"Conjugation I","paragraphs":[]},{"title":"Conjugation II","paragraphs":[]}],"lines":[{"number":52,"id":"la.do.L21.e1.4","source":"Habēbit, movēbunt, necābit.","translation":"He will have, they will move, he will kill.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Habēbit,","gloss":"habeo: have, hold; regard, consider, deem"},{"text":"movēbunt,","gloss":"moveo: move"},{"text":"necābit.","gloss":"neco: kill"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L21.e1.4.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"la.do.L21.e1.5","source":"Nārrābimus, monēbis, vidēbunt.","translation":"We shall tell, you (sing.) will advise, they will see.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nārrābimus,","gloss":"narro: tell, relate"},{"text":"monēbis,","gloss":"moneo: remind, advise, warn"},{"text":"vidēbunt.","gloss":"video: see, perceive"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L21.e1.5.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"la.do.L21.e1.6","source":"Labōrābitis, cūrābunt, dabis.","translation":"You (pl.) will labor, they will care for, you (sing.) will give.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Labōrābitis,","gloss":"laboro: labor; suffer, be hard pressed"},{"text":"cūrābunt,","gloss":"curo: care for, attend to, look after"},{"text":"dabis.","gloss":"do: give"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L21.e1.6.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"la.do.L21.e1.7","source":"Habitābimus, properābitis, iubēbunt, parābit.","translation":"We shall live, you (pl.) will hasten, they will order, he will prepare.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Habitābimus,","gloss":"habito: dwell, abide, inhabit"},{"text":"properābitis,","gloss":"propero: hurry, speed up"},{"text":"iubēbunt,","gloss":"jubeo: order, command"},{"text":"parābit.","gloss":"paro: prepare for, prepare; provide, procure"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L21.e1.7.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"la.do.L21.e1.8","source":"Nūntiābō, portābimus, iubēbō.","translation":"I shall announce, we shall carry, I shall order.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nūntiābō,","gloss":"nuntio: report, announce"},{"text":"portābimus,","gloss":"porto: bear, carry"},{"text":"iubēbō.","gloss":"jubeo: order, command"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L21.e1.8.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"la.do.L21.e1.1.hw","source":"laudō","translation":"praise","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"laudō","gloss":"praise"}],"audio":null},{"number":58,"id":"la.do.L21.e1.2.hw","source":"dō","translation":"give","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"dō","gloss":"give"}],"audio":null},{"number":59,"id":"la.do.L21.e1.3.hw","source":"dēsīderō","translation":"long for","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"dēsīderō","gloss":"long for"}],"audio":null}],"grammar":[{"section":137,"text":"D'Ooge, Latin for Beginners (1911), Lesson XXI, §§137-138\n\n§137. The tense sign of the Future Indicative in the first and second conjugations is -bi-. This is joined to the present stem of the verb and followed by the personal ending, as follows:\n\nPRESENT STEM  TENSE SIGN  PERSONAL ENDING\namā-          bi-         s\nlove          will        you"},{"section":138,"text":"§138. The Future Active Indicative is inflected as follows.\n\n   CONJUGATION I              CONJUGATION II\n   SINGULAR\n1. amā´bō, I shall love        monē´bō, I shall advise\n2. amā´bis, you will love      monē´bis, you will advise\n3. amā´bit, he will love       monē´bit, he will advise\n\n   PLURAL\n1. amā´bimus, we shall love    monē´bimus, we shall advise\n2. amā´bitis you will love     monē´bitis, you will advise\n3. amā´bunt, they will love    monē´bunt, they will advise\n\na. The personal endings are as in the present. The ending -bō in the first person singular is contracted from -bi-ō. The -bi- appears as -bu- in the third person plural. Note that the inflection is like that of erō, the future of sum. Pay especial attention to the accent.\n\nIn a similar manner inflect the verbs given in §129."}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Niobe and her Children, concluded (D'Ooge XXI)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":60,"id":"la.do.L21.s1.1","source":"Apollō et Diāna erant līberī Lātōnae.","translation":"Apollo and Diana were the children of Latona.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Apollō","gloss":"Apollo: Apollo"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Diāna","gloss":"Diana: Diana"},{"text":"erant","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"līberī","gloss":"liberi: children"},{"text":"Lātōnae.","gloss":"Latona: Latona"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L21.s1.1.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"la.do.L21.s1.2","source":"Iīs Thēbānī sacra crēbra parābant.","translation":"For them the Thebans used to prepare frequent sacrifices.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Iīs","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"Thēbānī","gloss":"Thebani: Thebans"},{"text":"sacra","gloss":"sacrum: something consecrated, sacrifice"},{"text":"crēbra","gloss":"creber: frequent"},{"text":"parābant.","gloss":"paro: prepare for, prepare; provide, procure"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L21.s1.2.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"la.do.L21.s1.3","source":"Oppidānī amābant Lātōnam et līberōs eius.","translation":"The townsmen loved Latona and her children.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Oppidānī","gloss":"oppidanus: townsman"},{"text":"amābant","gloss":"amo: love, like, be fond of"},{"text":"Lātōnam","gloss":"Latona: Latona"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"līberōs","gloss":"liberi: children"},{"text":"eius.","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L21.s1.3.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"la.do.L21.s1.4","source":"Id superbae rēgīnae erat molestum.","translation":"This was troublesome to the proud queen.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Id","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"superbae","gloss":"superbus: proud, haughty"},{"text":"rēgīnae","gloss":"regina: queen"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"molestum.","gloss":"molestus: troublesome, annoying"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L21.s1.4.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"la.do.L21.s1.5","source":"“Cūr,” inquit, “Lātōnae et līberīs sacra parātis?","translation":"\"Why,\" she said, \"do you prepare sacrifices for Latona and her children?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"“Cūr,”","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"inquit,","gloss":"inquam: say (defective)"},{"text":"“Lātōnae","gloss":"Latona: Latona"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"līberīs","gloss":"liber: free"},{"text":"sacra","gloss":"sacrum: something consecrated, sacrifice"},{"text":"parātis?","gloss":"paro: prepare for, prepare; provide, procure"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L21.s1.5.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"la.do.L21.s1.6","source":"Duōs līberōs habet Lātōna; quattuordecim habeō ego.","translation":"Latona has two children; I have fourteen.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Duōs","gloss":"duo: two"},{"text":"līberōs","gloss":"liberi: children"},{"text":"habet","gloss":"habeo: have, hold; regard, consider, deem"},{"text":"Lātōna;","gloss":"Latona: Latona"},{"text":"quattuordecim","gloss":"fourteen"},{"text":"habeō","gloss":"habeo: have, hold; regard, consider, deem"},{"text":"ego.","gloss":"I"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L21.s1.6.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"la.do.L21.s1.7","source":"Ubi sunt mea sacra?”","translation":"Where are my sacrifices?\"","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ubi","gloss":"where"},{"text":"sunt","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"mea","gloss":"meus: my, mine"},{"text":"sacra?”","gloss":"sacrum: something consecrated, sacrifice"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L21.s1.7.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"la.do.L21.s1.8","source":"Lātōna iīs verbīs īrāta līberōs suōs vocat.","translation":"Latona, angered by these words, calls her children.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Lātōna","gloss":"Latona: Latona"},{"text":"iīs","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"verbīs","gloss":"verbum: word"},{"text":"īrāta","gloss":"irascor: get/be/become angry"},{"text":"līberōs","gloss":"liberi: children"},{"text":"suōs","gloss":"suus: his, her, hers, its, their, theirs"},{"text":"vocat.","gloss":"voco: call, summon, invite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L21.s1.8.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"la.do.L21.s1.9","source":"Ad eam volant Apollō Diānaque et sagittīs suīs miserōs līberōs rēgīnae superbae dēlent.","translation":"To her fly Apollo and Diana, and with their arrows they destroy the wretched children of the proud queen.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"eam","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"volant","gloss":"volo2: fly"},{"text":"Apollō","gloss":"Apollo: Apollo"},{"text":"Diānaque","gloss":"Diana: Diana"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"sagittīs","gloss":"sagitta: arrow"},{"text":"suīs","gloss":"suus: his, her, hers, its, their, theirs"},{"text":"miserōs","gloss":"miser: wretched, unfortunate"},{"text":"līberōs","gloss":"liberi: children"},{"text":"rēgīnae","gloss":"regina: queen"},{"text":"superbae","gloss":"superbus: proud, haughty"},{"text":"dēlent.","gloss":"deleo: blot out, destroy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L21.s1.9.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"la.do.L21.s1.10","source":"Niobē, nūper laeta, nunc misera, sedet apud līberōs interfectōs et cum perpetuīs lacrimīs eōs dēsīderat.","translation":"Niobe, lately happy, now wretched, sits among her slain children and with unceasing tears longs for them.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Niobē,","gloss":"Niobe: Niobe"},{"text":"nūper","gloss":"nuper: lately, recently"},{"text":"laeta,","gloss":"laetus: happy, glad"},{"text":"nunc","gloss":"now, the present moment"},{"text":"misera,","gloss":"miser: wretched, unfortunate"},{"text":"sedet","gloss":"sedeo: sit"},{"text":"apud","gloss":"among"},{"text":"līberōs","gloss":"liberi: children"},{"text":"interfectōs","gloss":"interficio: kill"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"perpetuīs","gloss":"perpetuus: perpetual, continuous"},{"text":"lacrimīs","gloss":"lacrima: tear"},{"text":"eōs","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"dēsīderat.","gloss":"desidero: long for"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L21.s1.10.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"perpetuīs","gloss":"perpetual, continuous, from perpetuus"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"English into Latin (D'Ooge XXI)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":70,"id":"la.do.L21.e2.1","source":"Nūntiābimus, vidēbimus, properābō.","translation":"We shall announce, we shall see, I shall hasten.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nūntiābimus,","gloss":""},{"text":"vidēbimus,","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"properābō.","gloss":"propero: hurry, speed up"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L21.e2.1.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"la.do.L21.e2.2","source":"Portābō, arābit, cūrābunt.","translation":"I shall carry, he will plow, they will care for.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Portābō,","gloss":""},{"text":"arābit,","gloss":""},{"text":"cūrābunt.","gloss":"curo: care for, attend to, look after"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L21.e2.2.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"la.do.L21.e2.3","source":"Nūntiābis, nūntiābitis, movēbis, movēbitis, dabis, dabitis.","translation":"You will announce, you will move, you will give,.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nūntiābis,","gloss":""},{"text":"nūntiābitis,","gloss":""},{"text":"movēbis,","gloss":"moveo: move"},{"text":"movēbitis,","gloss":"Movēbitis (a name)"},{"text":"dabis,","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"dabitis.","gloss":"do: give"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L21.e2.3.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"la.do.L21.e2.4","source":"Pugnābimus, dēlēbimus, dēsīderābō.","translation":"We shall fight, we shall destroy, I shall long for.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Pugnābimus,","gloss":""},{"text":"dēlēbimus,","gloss":""},{"text":"dēsīderābō.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L21.e2.4.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"la.do.L21.e2.5","source":"Vocābit, vidēbunt, nārrābitis.","translation":"He will call, they will see, you will tell (plur.).","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Vocābit,","gloss":""},{"text":"vidēbunt,","gloss":"video: see, perceive"},{"text":"nārrābitis.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L21.e2.5.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"la.do.L21.e2.6","source":"Habitābunt, iubēbimus, laudābit.","translation":"They will dwell, we shall order, he will praise.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Habitābunt,","gloss":""},{"text":"iubēbimus,","gloss":""},{"text":"laudābit.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L21.e2.6.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"la.do.L21.e2.7","source":"Labōrābunt, necābimus, habēbis, habēbitis, dēlēbit.","translation":"They will labor, we shall kill, you will have, he will destroy.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Labōrābunt,","gloss":""},{"text":"necābimus,","gloss":""},{"text":"habēbis,","gloss":"habeo: have, hold, consider, think, reason"},{"text":"habēbitis,","gloss":""},{"text":"dēlēbit.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L21.e2.7.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"movēbitis","gloss":"Movēbitis"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Latin into English (D'Ooge XXII)","teaching":[{"title":"Pleasing to the armed men","paragraphs":["Cibus noster, Mārce, erit armātīs virīs grātus means \"Our food, Marcus, will be pleasing to the armed men.\"","With grātus, the dative armātīs virīs names those toward whom the quality is directed.","Adjectives meaning fit, friendly, pleasing, near, and their opposites can take the dative in this use."]},{"title":"Hostile, next, and nearest","paragraphs":["Gallī cōpiīs Rōmānīs inimīcī erant means \"The Gauls were hostile to the Roman forces.\" Here inimīcī takes the dative cōpiīs Rōmānīs.","In the same use, fīnitimī takes fluviō Rhēnō, and proximam takes oppidō."]}],"lines":[{"number":77,"id":"la.do.L22.e1.1","source":"Rōmānī terram idōneam agrī cultūrae habent.","translation":"The Romans have land suitable for agriculture.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Rōmānī","gloss":"Romanus: Roman"},{"text":"terram","gloss":"terra: land"},{"text":"idōneam","gloss":"idoneus: suitable, fit"},{"text":"agrī","gloss":"ager: field"},{"text":"cultūrae","gloss":"cultura: culture, cultivation"},{"text":"habent.","gloss":"habeo: have, hold; regard, consider, deem"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L22.e1.1.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"la.do.L22.e1.2","source":"Gallī cōpiīs Rōmānīs inimīcī erant.","translation":"The Gauls were hostile to the Roman forces.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Gallī","gloss":"gallus: a Gaul"},{"text":"cōpiīs","gloss":"copia: plenty, abundance; troops, forces"},{"text":"Rōmānīs","gloss":"Romanus: Roman"},{"text":"inimīcī","gloss":"inimicus: hostile"},{"text":"erant.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L22.e1.2.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"la.do.L22.e1.3","source":"Cui dea Lātōna amīca non erat?","translation":"To whom was the goddess Latona not friendly?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cui","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"dea","gloss":"goddess"},{"text":"Lātōna","gloss":"Latona: Latona"},{"text":"amīca","gloss":"amicus: friend"},{"text":"non","gloss":"not"},{"text":"erat?","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L22.e1.3.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"la.do.L22.e1.4","source":"Dea Lātōna superbae rēgīnae amīca nōn erat.","translation":"The goddess Latona was not friendly to the proud queen.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dea","gloss":"goddess"},{"text":"Lātōna","gloss":"Latona: Latona"},{"text":"superbae","gloss":"superbus: proud, haughty"},{"text":"rēgīnae","gloss":"regina: queen"},{"text":"amīca","gloss":"amicus: friend"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"erat.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L22.e1.4.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"la.do.L22.e1.5","source":"Cibus noster, Mārce, erit armātīs virīs grātus.","translation":"Our food, Marcus, will be pleasing to the armed men.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cibus","gloss":"food"},{"text":"noster,","gloss":"our, ours"},{"text":"Mārce,","gloss":"Marcus: Marcus, Mark"},{"text":"erit","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"armātīs","gloss":"armatus: armed"},{"text":"virīs","gloss":"vir: man, hero"},{"text":"grātus.","gloss":"gratus: acceptable, pleasing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L22.e1.5.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"la.do.L22.e1.6","source":"Quid erat molestum populīs Italiae?","translation":"What was troublesome to the peoples of Italy?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quid","gloss":"quis: what?"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"molestum","gloss":"molestus: troublesome, annoying"},{"text":"populīs","gloss":"populus: people"},{"text":"Italiae?","gloss":"Italia: Italy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L22.e1.6.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"la.do.L22.e1.7","source":"Bella longa cum Gallīs erant molesta populīs Italiae.","translation":"The long wars with the Gauls were troublesome to the peoples of Italy.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Bella","gloss":"bellum: war"},{"text":"longa","gloss":"longus: long"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"Gallīs","gloss":"Gallus: a Gaul"},{"text":"erant","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"molesta","gloss":"molestus: troublesome, annoying"},{"text":"populīs","gloss":"populus: people"},{"text":"Italiae.","gloss":"Italia: Italy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L22.e1.7.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"la.do.L22.e1.8","source":"Agrī Germānōrum fluviō Rhēnō fīnitimī erant.","translation":"The fields of the Germans were next to the river Rhine.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Agrī","gloss":"ager: field"},{"text":"Germānōrum","gloss":"Germanus: German"},{"text":"fluviō","gloss":"fluvius: river"},{"text":"Rhēnō","gloss":"Rhenus: the Rhine"},{"text":"fīnitimī","gloss":"finitimus: bordering upon, neighboring, near to"},{"text":"erant.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L22.e1.8.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"la.do.L22.e1.9","source":"Rōmānī ad silvam oppidō proximam castra movēbant.","translation":"The Romans were moving their camp to the forest nearest the town.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Rōmānī","gloss":"Romanus: Roman"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"silvam","gloss":"silva: wood, forest"},{"text":"oppidō","gloss":"oppidum: town"},{"text":"proximam","gloss":"proximus: nearest, next"},{"text":"castra","gloss":"castrum: fort; camp"},{"text":"movēbant.","gloss":"moveo: move"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L22.e1.9.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"la.do.L22.e1.10","source":"Nōn sōlum fōrma sed etiam superbia rēgīnae erat magna.","translation":"Not only the beauty but also the pride of the queen was great.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"sōlum","gloss":"alone, only"},{"text":"fōrma","gloss":"forma: form, beauty"},{"text":"sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"etiam","gloss":"yet, still; also, besides"},{"text":"superbia","gloss":"pride, arrogance"},{"text":"rēgīnae","gloss":"regina: queen"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"magna.","gloss":"magnus: great, large; strong, loud"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L22.e1.10.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"la.do.L22.e1.11","source":"Mox rēgīna pulchra erit aegra trīstitiā.","translation":"Soon the beautiful queen will be sick with sorrow.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mox","gloss":"soon, presently"},{"text":"rēgīna","gloss":"regina: queen"},{"text":"pulchra","gloss":"pulcher: pretty, beautiful"},{"text":"erit","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"aegra","gloss":"aeger: sick"},{"text":"trīstitiā.","gloss":"tristitia: sadness, sorrow"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L22.e1.11.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"la.do.L22.e1.12","source":"Cūr erat Niobē, rēgīna Thēbānōrum, laeta? Laeta erat Niobē multīs fīliīs et fīliābus.","translation":"Why was Niobe, queen of the Thebans, happy? Niobe was happy because of her many sons and daughters.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Niobē,","gloss":"Niobe: Niobe"},{"text":"rēgīna","gloss":"regina: queen"},{"text":"Thēbānōrum,","gloss":"Thebani: Thebans"},{"text":"laeta?","gloss":"laetus: happy, glad"},{"text":"Laeta","gloss":"laetus: happy, glad"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Niobē","gloss":"Niobe: Niobe"},{"text":"multīs","gloss":"multus: much; many"},{"text":"fīliīs","gloss":"filius: son"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"fīliābus.","gloss":"filia: daughter"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L22.e1.12.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":141,"text":"D'Ooge, Latin for Beginners (1911), Lesson XXII, §§141-144\n\n§141. Review the present, imperfect, and future active indicative, both orally and in writing, of sum and the verbs in §129."},{"section":142,"text":"§142. We learned in §43 for what sort of expressions we may expect the dative, and in §44 that one of its commonest uses is with verbs to express the indirect object. It is also very common with adjectives to express the object toward which the quality denoted by the adjective is directed. We have already had a number of cases where grātus, agreeable to, was so followed by a dative; and in the last lesson we had molestus, annoying to, followed by that case. The usage may be more explicitly stated by the following rule:"},{"section":143,"text":"§143. RULE. Dative with Adjectives. The dative is used with adjectives to denote the object toward which the given quality is directed. Such are, especially, those meaning near, also fit, friendly, pleasing, like, and their opposites."},{"section":144,"text":"§144. Among such adjectives memorize the following:\n\nidōneus, -a, -um, fit, suitable (for)\namīcus, -a, -um, friendly (to)\ninimīcus, -a, -um, hostile (to)\ngrātus, -a, -um, pleasing (to), agreeable (to)\nmolestus, -a, -um, annoying (to), troublesome (to)\nfīnitimus, -a, -um, neighboring (to)\nproximus, -a, -um, nearest, next (to)"}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Cornelia and her Jewels (D'Ooge XXII)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":89,"id":"la.do.L22.s1.1","source":"Apud antīquās dominās, Cornēlia, Āfricānī fīlia, erat maximē clāra.","translation":"Among the ladies of old, Cornelia, the daughter of Africanus, was most famous.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Apud","gloss":"among"},{"text":"antīquās","gloss":"antiquus: old, ancient"},{"text":"dominās,","gloss":"domina: lady of the house, mistress"},{"text":"Cornēlia,","gloss":"Cornelia: Cornelia"},{"text":"Āfricānī","gloss":"Africanus: of Africa"},{"text":"fīlia,","gloss":"filia: daughter"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"maximē","gloss":"maxime: most of all, especially"},{"text":"clāra.","gloss":"clarus: clear; famous, renowned; bright, shining"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L22.s1.1.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"la.do.L22.s1.2","source":"Fīliī eius erant Tiberius Gracchus et Gāius Gracchus.","translation":"Her sons were Tiberius Gracchus and Gaius Gracchus.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Fīliī","gloss":"filius: son"},{"text":"eius","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"erant","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Tiberius","gloss":"Tiberius"},{"text":"Gracchus","gloss":"Gracchus"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Gāius","gloss":"Gaius: Caius"},{"text":"Gracchus.","gloss":"Gracchus"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L22.s1.2.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"la.do.L22.s1.3","source":"Iī puerī cum Cornēliā in oppidō Rōmā, clārō Italiae oppidō, habitābant.","translation":"These boys lived with Cornelia in the town of Rome, the famous town of Italy.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Iī","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"puerī","gloss":"puer: boy"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"Cornēliā","gloss":"Cornelia: Cornelia"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"oppidō","gloss":"oppidum: town"},{"text":"Rōmā,","gloss":"Roma: Rome"},{"text":"clārō","gloss":"clarus: clear; famous, renowned; bright, shining"},{"text":"Italiae","gloss":"Italia: Italy"},{"text":"oppidō,","gloss":"oppidum: town"},{"text":"habitābant.","gloss":"habito: dwell, abide, inhabit"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L22.s1.3.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"la.do.L22.s1.4","source":"Ibi eōs cūrābat Cornēlia et ibi magnō cum studiō eōs docēbat.","translation":"There Cornelia cared for them, and there with great zeal she taught them.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ibi","gloss":"there, in that place"},{"text":"eōs","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"cūrābat","gloss":"curo: care for, attend to, look after"},{"text":"Cornēlia","gloss":"Cornelia: Cornelia"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ibi","gloss":"there, in that place"},{"text":"magnō","gloss":"magnus: great, large; strong, loud"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"studiō","gloss":"studium: zeal, eagerness"},{"text":"eōs","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"docēbat.","gloss":"doceo: teach"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L22.s1.4.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"la.do.L22.s1.5","source":"Bona fēmina erat Cornēlia et bonam disciplīnam maximē amābat.","translation":"Cornelia was a good woman, and she loved good discipline very much.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Bona","gloss":"bonus: good, kind"},{"text":"fēmina","gloss":"femina: woman"},{"text":"erat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Cornēlia","gloss":"Cornelia: Cornelia"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"bonam","gloss":"bonus: good, kind"},{"text":"disciplīnam","gloss":"disciplina: training, culture, discipline"},{"text":"maximē","gloss":"maxime: most of all, especially"},{"text":"amābat.","gloss":"amo: love, like, be fond of"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L22.s1.5.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"maximē","gloss":"most of all, especially"},{"word":"disciplīnam","gloss":"training, culture, from disciplina"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"English into Latin (D'Ooge XXII)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":94,"id":"la.do.L22.e2.1","source":"Sacra populī rēgīnae superbae molesta erunt.","translation":"The sacrifices of the people will be annoying to the haughty queen.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sacra","gloss":"sacrum: something consecrated, sacrifice"},{"text":"populī","gloss":"populus: people"},{"text":"rēgīnae","gloss":"regina: queen"},{"text":"superbae","gloss":"superbus: proud, haughty"},{"text":"molesta","gloss":"molestus: troublesome, annoying"},{"text":"erunt.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L22.e2.1.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"la.do.L22.e2.2","source":"Sacra erant grāta nōn sōlum Lātōnae sed etiam Diānae.","translation":"The sacrifices were pleasing not only to Latona but also to Diana.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sacra","gloss":"sacrum: something consecrated, sacrifice"},{"text":"erant","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"grāta","gloss":"gratus: acceptable, pleasing"},{"text":"nōn","gloss":"non: not"},{"text":"sōlum","gloss":"alone, only"},{"text":"Lātōnae","gloss":"Latona: Latona"},{"text":"sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"etiam","gloss":"yet, still; also, besides"},{"text":"Diānae.","gloss":"Diana: Diana"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L22.e2.2.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"la.do.L22.e2.3","source":"Diāna eōs Lātōnae inimīcōs dēlēbit.","translation":"Diana will destroy those hostile to Latona.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Diāna","gloss":"Diana: Diana"},{"text":"eōs","gloss":"is: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"Lātōnae","gloss":"Latona: Latona"},{"text":"inimīcōs","gloss":"inimicus: hostile"},{"text":"dēlēbit.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L22.e2.3.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"la.do.L22.e2.4","source":"Poena rēgīnae superbae deae Diānae grāta erat.","translation":"The punishment of the haughty queen was pleasing to the goddess Diana.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Poena","gloss":"punishment, penalty"},{"text":"rēgīnae","gloss":"regina: queen"},{"text":"superbae","gloss":"superbus: proud, haughty"},{"text":"deae","gloss":"dea: goddess"},{"text":"Diānae","gloss":"Diana: Diana"},{"text":"grāta","gloss":"gratus: acceptable, pleasing"},{"text":"erat.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L22.e2.4.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"la.do.L22.e2.5","source":"Rōmānī cōpiās suās ad agrum magnum castrīs idōneum movēbunt.","translation":"The Romans will move their forces to a large field[1] suitable for a camp.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Rōmānī","gloss":"Romanus: Roman"},{"text":"cōpiās","gloss":"copia: plenty, abundance; troops, forces"},{"text":"suās","gloss":"suus: his, her, hers, its, their, theirs"},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"agrum","gloss":"ager: field, ground"},{"text":"magnum","gloss":"magnus: great, large; strong, loud"},{"text":"castrīs","gloss":"castrum: fort; camp"},{"text":"idōneum","gloss":"idoneus: suitable, fit"},{"text":"movēbunt.","gloss":"moveo: move"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L22.e2.5.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"la.do.L22.e2.6","source":"Aliī sociī Rōmānīs amīcī erant, aliī Gallīs.","translation":"Some of the allies were friendly to the Romans, others to the Gauls.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Aliī","gloss":"alius2: another, other"},{"text":"sociī","gloss":"socius: companion, ally"},{"text":"Rōmānīs","gloss":"Romanus: Roman"},{"text":"amīcī","gloss":"amicus: friend"},{"text":"erant,","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"aliī","gloss":"alius2: another, other"},{"text":"Gallīs.","gloss":"Gallus: a Gaul"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.do.L22.e2.6.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]}]}