{"course":{"lang":"la","language":"Latin","title":"Prīmus et Secundus Annus","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la","source":"Paine and Mainwaring, Prīmus Annus (Oxford, 1912) and Secundus Annus (1917); Appleton and Jones, Puer Rōmānus (1913); D'Ooge, Latin for Beginners (Boston, 1911); Ritchie, Fabulae Faciles (1903). Public domain. The teaching pages, the glosses and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":47,"id":"la.module.vg.07","title":"Vergil: Participium Perfectum Passīvum to Verbum Dēpōnēns","stage":"Vergil","situation":"Participium Perfectum Passīvum; Cornēlius lītterās scrībit; Alterae dē eādem rē lītterae; Verbum Dēpōnēns","outcome":"The poem's words and whole sentences, read once every form in them has been taught","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/47","lines":32},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/46","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/48","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/","sections":[{"title":"Vergil's words: crātēra, juvencus, volūcris","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"la.vw.sp.050.cratera","source":"crātērās magnōs statuunt et vīna corōnant.","translation":"they set up great mixing bowls and crown the wine.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"crātērās","gloss":""},{"text":"magnōs","gloss":""},{"text":"statuunt","gloss":""},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"vīna","gloss":""},{"text":"corōnant.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.050.cratera.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"la.vw.sp.050.juvencus","source":"ante ārās terram caesī strāvēre iuvencī.","translation":"before the altars slaughtered bullocks strewed the ground.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ante","gloss":"before"},{"text":"ārās","gloss":"ara: altar, structure for sacrifice, pyre"},{"text":"terram","gloss":"terra: land"},{"text":"caesī","gloss":"caedo: chop, hew, cut out/down/to pieces"},{"text":"strāvēre","gloss":""},{"text":"iuvencī.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.050.juvencus.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"la.vw.sp.050.volucris","source":"Harpalycē, volucremque fuga praevertitur Hebrum.","translation":"her horses and outruns the Hebrus in its flying.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Harpalycē,","gloss":""},{"text":"volucremque","gloss":""},{"text":"fuga","gloss":"flight"},{"text":"praevertitur","gloss":""},{"text":"Hebrum.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.050.volucris.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: error, ōbicio, perfero","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":4,"id":"la.vw.sp.050b.error","source":"errōrēsque tuōs; nam tē iam septima portat","translation":"and your own wanderings; for this is now the seventh summer","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"errōrēsque","gloss":""},{"text":"tuōs;","gloss":"tuus: your"},{"text":"nam","gloss":"for"},{"text":"tē","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"iam","gloss":"jam: already, now"},{"text":"septima","gloss":""},{"text":"portat","gloss":"porto: bear, carry"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.050b.error.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"la.vw.sp.050b.obicio","source":"hīs, germāna, malīs onerās atque obicis hostī.","translation":"onto me in my madness, sister, and threw me to the enemy.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"hīs,","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"germāna,","gloss":""},{"text":"malīs","gloss":"malus: bad, evil"},{"text":"onerās","gloss":""},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"obicis","gloss":""},{"text":"hostī.","gloss":"hostis: enemy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.050b.obicio.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"la.vw.sp.050b.perfero","source":"et perferre, soror, poterō. Miserae hoc tamen ūnum","translation":"I will be able to bear it too, sister. Still, do this one thing","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"perferre,","gloss":""},{"text":"soror,","gloss":"sister"},{"text":"poterō.","gloss":"possum: be able, can"},{"text":"Miserae","gloss":"miser: wretched, unfortunate"},{"text":"hoc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"tamen","gloss":"yet, nevertheless"},{"text":"ūnum","gloss":"unus: one; alone"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.050b.perfero.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: impello, praeverto","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"la.vw.sp.050c.impello","source":"impulit et tenerās turbāvit iānua frondēs,","translation":"let the door flurry the soft foliage, and after that","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"impulit","gloss":""},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"tenerās","gloss":""},{"text":"turbāvit","gloss":""},{"text":"iānua","gloss":"janua: door, entrance"},{"text":"frondēs,","gloss":"frons: foliage, leaves, leafy branch, green bough, frond"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.050c.impello.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"la.vw.sp.050c.praeverto","source":"Harpalycē, volucremque fuga praevertitur Hebrum.","translation":"her horses and outruns the Hebrus in its flying.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Harpalycē,","gloss":""},{"text":"volucremque","gloss":""},{"text":"fuga","gloss":"flight"},{"text":"praevertitur","gloss":""},{"text":"Hebrum.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.050c.praeverto.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid V. 819; Aeneid VI. 544","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid VI. 651; Aeneid VIII. 718–719","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: mīrābilis, rapto, ostento","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":9,"id":"la.vw.sp.051.mirabilis","source":"extulerat, mātris Lēdae mīrābile dōnum:","translation":"her mother Leda's wonderful gift;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"extulerat,","gloss":""},{"text":"mātris","gloss":"mater: mother, foster mother"},{"text":"Lēdae","gloss":""},{"text":"mīrābile","gloss":"mirabilis: wonderful, marvelous, astonishing, extraordinary"},{"text":"dōnum:","gloss":"donum: gift, present"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.051.mirabilis.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"la.vw.sp.051.rapto","source":"Ter circum Īliacōs raptāverat Hectora mūrōs,","translation":"Three times Achilles had dragged Hector round the walls of Ilium,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ter","gloss":"three times"},{"text":"circum","gloss":"about, around"},{"text":"Īliacōs","gloss":""},{"text":"raptāverat","gloss":""},{"text":"Hectora","gloss":""},{"text":"mūrōs,","gloss":"murus: wall"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.051.rapto.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"la.vw.sp.051.ostento","source":"Sīdoniāsque ostentat opēs urbemque parātam;","translation":"and shows her Sidonian wealth and the city standing ready;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sīdoniāsque","gloss":""},{"text":"ostentat","gloss":""},{"text":"opēs","gloss":"ops: power, might"},{"text":"urbemque","gloss":"urbs: city"},{"text":"parātam;","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.051.ostento.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: macto, tumultus, sisto","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":12,"id":"la.vw.sp.051b.macto","source":"dōna ferunt, onerant ārās, mactantque iuvencōs;","translation":"bring gifts, load the altars, and slaughter bullocks;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"dōna","gloss":""},{"text":"ferunt,","gloss":"fero: bear"},{"text":"onerant","gloss":""},{"text":"ārās,","gloss":"ara: altar, structure for sacrifice, pyre"},{"text":"mactantque","gloss":""},{"text":"iuvencōs;","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.051b.macto.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"la.vw.sp.051b.tumultus","source":"Aenēās, mīrātus enim mōtusque tumultū,","translation":"Aeneas, wondering at this and moved by the uproar,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Aenēās,","gloss":""},{"text":"mīrātus","gloss":"miratus: wonderful, strange, remarkable, amazing, surprising, extraordinary"},{"text":"enim","gloss":"for, in fact, indeed."},{"text":"mōtusque","gloss":"motus2: movement, motion"},{"text":"tumultū,","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.051b.tumultus.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"la.vw.sp.051b.sisto","source":"et mōnstrum īnfēlīx sacrātā sistimus arce.","translation":"and stand the doomed monster inside the holy citadel.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"mōnstrum","gloss":"monstrum: omen, prodigy; monster"},{"text":"īnfēlīx","gloss":"infelix: unhappy, unlucky"},{"text":"sacrātā","gloss":""},{"text":"sistimus","gloss":""},{"text":"arce.","gloss":"arx: citadel, stronghold, city"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.051b.sisto.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: nītor, sollemnis","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":15,"id":"la.vw.sp.051c.nitor","source":"Stat gravis Entellus nīsūque immōtus eōdem,","translation":"Entellus stands heavy, unmoved in the same stance,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Stat","gloss":"sto: stand"},{"text":"gravis","gloss":"heavy, severe, serious"},{"text":"Entellus","gloss":"being"},{"text":"nīsūque","gloss":""},{"text":"immōtus","gloss":"immotus: unmoved, unchanged"},{"text":"eōdem,","gloss":"idem: the same"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.051c.nitor.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"la.vw.sp.051c.sollemnis","source":"sollemnis taurum ingentem mactābat ad ārās.","translation":"was killing a huge bull at the appointed altars.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"sollemnis","gloss":""},{"text":"taurum","gloss":"taurus: bull"},{"text":"ingentem","gloss":"ingens: huge, vast"},{"text":"mactābat","gloss":""},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"ārās.","gloss":"ara: altar, structure for sacrifice, pyre"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.051c.sollemnis.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid I. 483–484; Aeneid I. 623–624","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid IV. 74–75; Aeneid V. 100–101","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: infensus, aquilo, appāreo","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":17,"id":"la.vw.sp.052.infensus","source":"Inde Māgō procul īnfēnsam contenderat hastam.","translation":"Then he had aimed the hostile spear at Magus from a distance.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Inde","gloss":"from that place, thence"},{"text":"Māgō","gloss":""},{"text":"procul","gloss":"far, afar off"},{"text":"īnfēnsam","gloss":""},{"text":"contenderat","gloss":""},{"text":"hastam.","gloss":"hasta: spear/lance/javelin"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.052.infensus.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"la.vw.sp.052.aquilo","source":"nūntiō, et in tūtum versīs aquilōnibus āctam,","translation":"brought back, driven into safety by a shift of the north winds,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"nūntiō,","gloss":"nuntium: female messenger"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"tūtum","gloss":"tueor: see, look at"},{"text":"versīs","gloss":"verro: sweep clean"},{"text":"aquilōnibus","gloss":""},{"text":"āctam,","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.052.aquilo.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"la.vw.sp.052.appareo","source":"Adpārent dīrae faciēs inimīcaque Trōiae","translation":"Terrible faces appear, and, hostile to Troy,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Adpārent","gloss":""},{"text":"dīrae","gloss":""},{"text":"faciēs","gloss":"facies: shape, face, look"},{"text":"inimīcaque","gloss":"inimica: enemy (personal), foe"},{"text":"Trōiae","gloss":"Troia: Troia"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.052.appareo.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: ingemino, abrumpo, horridus","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":20,"id":"la.vw.sp.052b.ingemino","source":"abstulit; ingeminant abruptīs nūbibus ignēs.","translation":"the sky from us; the fires double as the clouds break open.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"abstulit;","gloss":""},{"text":"ingeminant","gloss":""},{"text":"abruptīs","gloss":""},{"text":"nūbibus","gloss":""},{"text":"ignēs.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.052b.ingemino.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"la.vw.sp.052b.abrumpo","source":"Hīs medium dictīs sermōnem abrumpit, et aurās","translation":"With these words she breaks the talk off in the middle, and sick","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hīs","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"medium","gloss":"mediator"},{"text":"dictīs","gloss":"dictum: words/utterance/remark"},{"text":"sermōnem","gloss":"sermo: conversation, discussion"},{"text":"abrumpit,","gloss":""},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"aurās","gloss":"aura: air, breeze"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.052b.abrumpo.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"la.vw.sp.052b.horridus","source":"tū vātem, tū, dīva, monē. Dīcam horrida bella,","translation":"You, goddess, you instruct your poet. I will tell of bristling wars,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"tū","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"vātem,","gloss":"vates: prophet/seer, mouthpiece of deity"},{"text":"tū,","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"dīva,","gloss":""},{"text":"monē.","gloss":""},{"text":"Dīcam","gloss":"dico2: say, speak, tell"},{"text":"horrida","gloss":""},{"text":"bella,","gloss":"bellum: war"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.052b.horridus.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: urgeo, percello","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":23,"id":"la.vw.sp.052c.urgeo","source":"Nūmina nūlla premunt, mortālī urgēmur ab hoste","translation":"No divine powers are pressing us; we are mortals hard pressed","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nūmina","gloss":""},{"text":"nūlla","gloss":"nullus: not any, none, no"},{"text":"premunt,","gloss":""},{"text":"mortālī","gloss":""},{"text":"urgēmur","gloss":""},{"text":"ab","gloss":"from, by"},{"text":"hoste","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.052c.urgeo.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"la.vw.sp.052c.percello","source":"Obstipuit simul ipse simul perculsus Achātēs","translation":"He was struck dumb, and Achates with him, struck at the same moment","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Obstipuit","gloss":""},{"text":"simul","gloss":"at the same time"},{"text":"ipse","gloss":"self; even, very"},{"text":"simul","gloss":"at the same time"},{"text":"perculsus","gloss":""},{"text":"Achātēs","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.052c.percello.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid I. 513–514; Aeneid II. 622–623","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid V. 638–640; Aeneid VI. 648–650","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: mīror, mōlior, affor","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"la.vw.sp.053.miror","source":"Arma procul currūsque vīrum mīrātur inānēs.","translation":"He marvels at the arms far off, and the men's chariots standing empty.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Arma","gloss":"arms"},{"text":"procul","gloss":"far, afar off"},{"text":"currūsque","gloss":""},{"text":"vīrum","gloss":""},{"text":"mīrātur","gloss":"miror: wonder, marvel, admire"},{"text":"inānēs.","gloss":"inanis: void, empty, hollow"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.053.miror.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"la.vw.sp.053.molior","source":"Inde datum mōlītur iter. Iamque arva tenēbant","translation":"From there he labors at the road given him. And now they were holding","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Inde","gloss":"from that place, thence"},{"text":"datum","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"mōlītur","gloss":""},{"text":"iter.","gloss":"march, journey, route"},{"text":"Iamque","gloss":"jamque: now, already, by/even now"},{"text":"arva","gloss":"arable land, plowed field"},{"text":"tenēbant","gloss":"teneo: hold, keep"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.053.molior.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"la.vw.sp.053.affor","source":"adfārī extrēmum miserae data cōpia mātrī?","translation":"no chance given your poor mother to speak to you one last time?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"adfārī","gloss":""},{"text":"extrēmum","gloss":"extremus: utmost, farthest"},{"text":"miserae","gloss":"miser: wretched, unfortunate"},{"text":"data","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"cōpia","gloss":"copia: plenty, abundance; troops, forces"},{"text":"mātrī?","gloss":"mater: mother, foster mother"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.053.affor.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: alloquor, miseror, sublīmis","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":28,"id":"la.vw.sp.053b.alloquor","source":"Quem fugis? Extrēmum fātō, quod tē adloquor, hoc est.”","translation":"Whom do you flee? By fate this is the last word I shall say to you.”","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quem","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"fugis?","gloss":"fugio: flee, fly, run away"},{"text":"Extrēmum","gloss":"extremus: utmost, farthest"},{"text":"fātō,","gloss":""},{"text":"quod","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"tē","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"adloquor,","gloss":""},{"text":"hoc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"est.”","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.053b.alloquor.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"la.vw.sp.053b.miseror","source":"ignōtī nova fōrma virī miserandaque cultū","translation":"the strange shape of an unknown man comes forward, pitiable in his state,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ignōtī","gloss":""},{"text":"nova","gloss":"novus: new"},{"text":"fōrma","gloss":"forma: form, beauty"},{"text":"virī","gloss":"vir: man, hero"},{"text":"miserandaque","gloss":""},{"text":"cultū","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.053b.miseror.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"la.vw.sp.053b.sublimis","source":"moenia, sublīmemque ferēs ad sīdera caelī","translation":"of Lavinium, and you will carry great-hearted Aeneas high","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"moenia,","gloss":"walls, fortifications"},{"text":"sublīmemque","gloss":""},{"text":"ferēs","gloss":""},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"sīdera","gloss":"sidus: star"},{"text":"caelī","gloss":"caelum: heaven, sky"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.053b.sublimis.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: asto, rēmigium","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":31,"id":"la.vw.sp.053c.asto","source":"rēmigiō ālārum, ac Libyae citus adstitit ōrīs.","translation":"on the oarage of his wings, and stood quickly on the coast of Libya.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"rēmigiō","gloss":""},{"text":"ālārum,","gloss":""},{"text":"ac","gloss":"atque: and"},{"text":"Libyae","gloss":"Libya: Libya (general term for North Africa)"},{"text":"citus","gloss":""},{"text":"adstitit","gloss":""},{"text":"ōrīs.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.053c.asto.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"la.vw.sp.053c.remigium","source":"rēmigium ālārum, posuitque immānia templa.","translation":"the oarage of his wings, and set up an enormous temple.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"rēmigium","gloss":""},{"text":"ālārum,","gloss":""},{"text":"posuitque","gloss":""},{"text":"immānia","gloss":""},{"text":"templa.","gloss":"templum: temple, shrine"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.053c.remigium.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid I. 625–626; Aeneid I. 747","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid II. 701; Aeneid IV. 76","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]}]}