{"course":{"lang":"la","language":"Latin","title":"Prīmus et Secundus Annus","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la","source":"Paine and Mainwaring, Prīmus Annus (Oxford, 1912) and Secundus Annus (1917); Appleton and Jones, Puer Rōmānus (1913); D'Ooge, Latin for Beginners (Boston, 1911); Ritchie, Fabulae Faciles (1903). Public domain. The teaching pages, the glosses and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":48,"id":"la.module.vg.08","title":"Vergil: Verbum Dēpōnēns to Participia Praeterita: Clausula Temporālis","stage":"Vergil","situation":"Verbum Dēpōnēns; Participia Praesēns et Futūrum; Mēnsa; Participia Praeterita: Clausula Temporālis","outcome":"The poem's words and whole sentences, read once every form in them has been taught","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/48","lines":32},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/47","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/49","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/","sections":[{"title":"Vergil's words: ēvādo, spolio, sortior","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"la.vw.sp.054.evado","source":"Ut tandem ante oculōs ēvāsit et ōra parentum,","translation":"When at last he got out in front of his parents' eyes and faces,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"tandem","gloss":"at length, finally"},{"text":"ante","gloss":"before"},{"text":"oculōs","gloss":"oculus: eye"},{"text":"ēvāsit","gloss":"evado: evade, escape"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ōra","gloss":"ora: shore, coast"},{"text":"parentum,","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.054.evado.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"la.vw.sp.054.spolio","source":"Addit equōs et tēla, quibus spoliāverat hostem.","translation":"He adds horses, and the weapons he had stripped from the enemy.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Addit","gloss":"addo: add, insert, bring/attach to, say in addition"},{"text":"equōs","gloss":"equus: horse"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"tēla,","gloss":"telum: weapon of offense, spear"},{"text":"quibus","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"spoliāverat","gloss":""},{"text":"hostem.","gloss":"hostis: enemy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.054.spolio.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"la.vw.sp.054.sortior","source":"Nescia mēns hominum fātī sortīsque futūrae","translation":"Mind of man, knowing nothing of fate and of the lot to come,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nescia","gloss":""},{"text":"mēns","gloss":"mens: mind"},{"text":"hominum","gloss":"homo: man, human being"},{"text":"fātī","gloss":""},{"text":"sortīsque","gloss":""},{"text":"futūrae","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.054.sortior.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: immemor, praecipio, passim","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":4,"id":"la.vw.sp.054b.immemor","source":"inmemor est nostrī.","translation":"does not forget us.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"inmemor","gloss":""},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"nostrī.","gloss":"noster: our"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.054b.immemor.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"la.vw.sp.054b.praecipio","source":"omnia praecēpī atque animō mēcum ante perēgī.","translation":"I have taken it all in beforehand and gone through it in my mind.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"omnia","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"praecēpī","gloss":""},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"animō","gloss":"animus: mind, heart; spirit, feeling"},{"text":"mēcum","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"ante","gloss":"before"},{"text":"perēgī.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.054b.praecipio.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"la.vw.sp.054b.passim","source":"ignārōsque locī passim et formīdine captōs","translation":"and cut them down everywhere, strangers to the ground and taken","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ignārōsque","gloss":""},{"text":"locī","gloss":"locus: place, spot"},{"text":"passim","gloss":""},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"formīdine","gloss":"formido2: fear/terror/alarm"},{"text":"captōs","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.054b.passim.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: allābor, refulgeo","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"la.vw.sp.054c.allabor","source":"ignārīque viae Cyclōpum adlābimur ōrīs.","translation":"and, not knowing the way, we glide in to the coast of the Cyclopes.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ignārīque","gloss":""},{"text":"viae","gloss":"via: way, road, street"},{"text":"Cyclōpum","gloss":""},{"text":"adlābimur","gloss":""},{"text":"ōrīs.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.054c.allabor.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"la.vw.sp.054c.refulgeo","source":"Restitit Aenēās clārāque in lūce refulsit,","translation":"Aeneas stood there and shone out in the clear light,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Restitit","gloss":""},{"text":"Aenēās","gloss":""},{"text":"clārāque","gloss":"clarus: clear, bright, gleaming"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"lūce","gloss":"lux: light"},{"text":"refulsit,","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.054c.refulgeo.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid I. 157–158; Aeneid I. 462","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid I. 569–571; Aeneid I. 583","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: strīdeo, orīgo, repeto","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":9,"id":"la.vw.sp.055.strideo","source":"strīdēns, nec dulcī dēclīnat lūmina somnō;","translation":"shrieking, and never lowers her eyes into sweet sleep;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"strīdēns,","gloss":""},{"text":"nec","gloss":"neque: neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"dulcī","gloss":"dulcis: pleasant, charming"},{"text":"dēclīnat","gloss":""},{"text":"lūmina","gloss":"lumen: light"},{"text":"somnō;","gloss":"somnus: sleep"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.055.strideo.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"la.vw.sp.055.origo","source":"Hōs pārēre iubent Alphēae ab orīgine Pīsae,","translation":"Pisa orders these to obey him, Alphean in its origin,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hōs","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"pārēre","gloss":"pareo: obey"},{"text":"iubent","gloss":"jubeo: order, command"},{"text":"Alphēae","gloss":""},{"text":"ab","gloss":"from, by"},{"text":"orīgine","gloss":""},{"text":"Pīsae,","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.055.origo.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"la.vw.sp.055.repeto","source":"ipse urbem repetō et cingor fulgentibus armīs.","translation":"I myself make back for the city, and buckle on shining arms.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ipse","gloss":"self; even, very"},{"text":"urbem","gloss":"urbs: city"},{"text":"repetō","gloss":""},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"cingor","gloss":""},{"text":"fulgentibus","gloss":""},{"text":"armīs.","gloss":"arma: arms"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.055.repeto.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: strepitus, fretum, insuper","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":12,"id":"la.vw.sp.055b.strepitus","source":"Audit equōs, audit strepitūs et signa sequentum.","translation":"He hears horses, hears the racket and the calls of men coming after.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Audit","gloss":"audio: hear, listen, accept, agree with"},{"text":"equōs,","gloss":"equus: horse"},{"text":"audit","gloss":"audio: hear, listen, accept, agree with"},{"text":"strepitūs","gloss":"strepitus: noise, racket"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"signa","gloss":""},{"text":"sequentum.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.055b.strepitus.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"la.vw.sp.055b.fretum","source":"In freta dum fluviī current, dum montibus umbrae","translation":"While the rivers run into the sea, while shadows go over","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"In","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"freta","gloss":""},{"text":"dum","gloss":"while, as long as"},{"text":"fluviī","gloss":"fluvius: river"},{"text":"current,","gloss":""},{"text":"dum","gloss":"while, as long as"},{"text":"montibus","gloss":"mons: mountain"},{"text":"umbrae","gloss":"umbra: shade"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.055b.fretum.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"la.vw.sp.055b.insuper","source":"hoc metuēns, mōlemque et montīs īnsuper altōs","translation":"fearing this, and laid a mass of high mountains over them,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"hoc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"metuēns,","gloss":""},{"text":"mōlemque","gloss":""},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"montīs","gloss":"mons: mountain"},{"text":"īnsuper","gloss":"insuper: above, on top"},{"text":"altōs","gloss":"altus: high, tall, deep"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.055b.insuper.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: prōsequor, concutio","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":15,"id":"la.vw.sp.055c.prosequor","source":"Prōsequitur surgēns ā puppī ventus euntis","translation":"A wind rising astern follows us as we go,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Prōsequitur","gloss":""},{"text":"surgēns","gloss":""},{"text":"ā","gloss":"a: from, by, off"},{"text":"puppī","gloss":"puppis: stern/aft (of ship)"},{"text":"ventus","gloss":"wind"},{"text":"euntis","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.055c.prosequor.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"la.vw.sp.055c.concutio","source":"concussēre iugīs prōnīque in verbera pendent.","translation":"over the loosed teams, and hang forward into the lash.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"concussēre","gloss":""},{"text":"iugīs","gloss":"jugum: yoke"},{"text":"prōnīque","gloss":""},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"verbera","gloss":"verber: lash, whip"},{"text":"pendent.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.055c.concutio.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid I. 106–107; Aeneid I. 184–186","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid I. 656; Aeneid III. 130–131","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: longaevus, complector, aspīro","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":17,"id":"la.vw.sp.056.longaevus","source":"Surge age, et haec laetus longaevō dicta parentī","translation":"Get up, then, and gladly carry these words to your aged father,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Surge","gloss":"surgo: rise, lift"},{"text":"age,","gloss":"ago: drive, lead; do, perform"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"haec","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"laetus","gloss":"happy, glad"},{"text":"longaevō","gloss":""},{"text":"dicta","gloss":"Dicte: words/utterance/remark"},{"text":"parentī","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.056.longaevus.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"la.vw.sp.056.complector","source":"complexī inter sē noctemque diemque morantur.","translation":"in each other's arms they hold back a night and a day.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"complexī","gloss":""},{"text":"inter","gloss":"between, among"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"noctemque","gloss":"nox: night [prima nocte => early in the night"},{"text":"diemque","gloss":""},{"text":"morantur.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.056.complector.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"la.vw.sp.056.aspiro","source":"flōribus et dulcī adspīrāns complectitur umbrā.","translation":"wraps him in flowers and breathes sweet shade around him.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"flōribus","gloss":"flos: flower, blossom"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"dulcī","gloss":"dulcis: pleasant, charming"},{"text":"adspīrāns","gloss":""},{"text":"complectitur","gloss":""},{"text":"umbrā.","gloss":"umbra: shade"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.056.aspiro.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: fleo, penna, bis","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":20,"id":"la.vw.sp.056b.fleo","source":"accēpit patriōs. Ultrō flēns ipse vidēbar","translation":"his father's walls. I seemed to be weeping myself, unasked,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"accēpit","gloss":"accipio: receive, accept"},{"text":"patriōs.","gloss":""},{"text":"Ultrō","gloss":"ultro: besides, beyond"},{"text":"flēns","gloss":""},{"text":"ipse","gloss":"self; even, very"},{"text":"vidēbar","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.056b.fleo.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"la.vw.sp.056b.penna","source":"“Vade age, nāte, vocā Zephyrōs et lābere pennīs,","translation":"“Go now, son, call the west winds and glide down on your wings,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"“Vade","gloss":""},{"text":"age,","gloss":"ago: drive, lead; do, perform"},{"text":"nāte,","gloss":""},{"text":"vocā","gloss":""},{"text":"Zephyrōs","gloss":""},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"lābere","gloss":""},{"text":"pennīs,","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.056b.penna.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"la.vw.sp.056b.bis","source":"Praetereā bis sex genitor lēctissima mātrum","translation":"Besides, my father will give twelve women, the choicest of them,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Praetereā","gloss":"praeterea: in addition, besides, moreover"},{"text":"bis","gloss":"twice"},{"text":"sex","gloss":"six"},{"text":"genitor","gloss":""},{"text":"lēctissima","gloss":""},{"text":"mātrum","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.056b.bis.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: pālor, orsus","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":23,"id":"la.vw.sp.056c.palor","source":"Fēmina pālantīs agit atque haec agmina vertit!","translation":"A woman is driving you scattered, and turning these columns!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Fēmina","gloss":"femina: woman"},{"text":"pālantīs","gloss":""},{"text":"agit","gloss":"ago: drive, lead; do, perform"},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"haec","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"agmina","gloss":""},{"text":"vertit!","gloss":"verto: turn, change"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.056c.palor.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"la.vw.sp.056c.orsus","source":"Sīc Venus; et Veneris contrā sīc fīlius orsūs:","translation":"So Venus; and so in answer the son of Venus began:","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sīc","gloss":"sic: so, thus"},{"text":"Venus;","gloss":"Venus, Roman goddess of sexual love and generation"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Veneris","gloss":""},{"text":"contrā","gloss":"contra: against, contrary to"},{"text":"sīc","gloss":"sic: so, thus"},{"text":"fīlius","gloss":"filius: son"},{"text":"orsūs:","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.056c.orsus.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid I. 253; Aeneid I. 441–445","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid I. 631–632; Aeneid II. 644","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: discors, minae, vomo","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"la.vw.sp.057.discors","source":"adgnōscunt, atque ōra sonō discordia signant.","translation":"weapons, and to mark the sound of our mouths as out of tune.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"adgnōscunt,","gloss":""},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ōra","gloss":"ora: shore, coast"},{"text":"sonō","gloss":"sono: make a noise/sound"},{"text":"discordia","gloss":""},{"text":"signant.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.057.discors.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"la.vw.sp.057.minae","source":"Tolle minās.” Fātus medium prōcēdit in aequor.","translation":"Take your threats off.” He said it, and walks out into the open field.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tolle","gloss":""},{"text":"minās.”","gloss":""},{"text":"Fātus","gloss":""},{"text":"medium","gloss":"mediator"},{"text":"prōcēdit","gloss":"procedo: proceed"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"aequor.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.057.minae.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"la.vw.sp.057.vomo","source":"ōre vomēns ignis magnā sē mōle ferēbat.","translation":"the thing spewed from its mouth as it heaved its great bulk along.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ōre","gloss":"os: mouth, speech, expression"},{"text":"vomēns","gloss":""},{"text":"ignis","gloss":"fire"},{"text":"magnā","gloss":"magnus: great, large; strong, loud"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"mōle","gloss":""},{"text":"ferēbat.","gloss":"fero: bear"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.057.vomo.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: jūro, novo, rāmus","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":28,"id":"la.vw.sp.057b.juro","source":"Fūneris heu tibi causa fuī? Per sīdera iūrō,","translation":"Was I, then, the cause of your death? By the stars I swear,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Fūneris","gloss":"funus: burial, funeral"},{"text":"heu","gloss":"oh! ah! alas! (an expression of dismay or pain)"},{"text":"tibi","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"causa","gloss":"cause, reason"},{"text":"fuī?","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Per","gloss":"through"},{"text":"sīdera","gloss":"sidus: star"},{"text":"iūrō,","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.057b.juro.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"la.vw.sp.057b.novo","source":"Hic prīmum fortūna fidem mūtāta novāvit.","translation":"Here first fortune changed and broke faith.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hic","gloss":"this"},{"text":"prīmum","gloss":"primus: first"},{"text":"fortūna","gloss":"fortuna: fortune"},{"text":"fidem","gloss":"fides: faith, trust; promise, word; protection"},{"text":"mūtāta","gloss":""},{"text":"novāvit.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.057b.novo.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"la.vw.sp.057b.ramus","source":"quae dabat, et sacrōs servābat in arbore rāmōs,","translation":"his meals and guard the holy branches on the tree,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"quae","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"dabat,","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"sacrōs","gloss":"sacer: sacred, holy, consecrated"},{"text":"servābat","gloss":""},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"arbore","gloss":"arbor: tree"},{"text":"rāmōs,","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.057b.ramus.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: curvus, solium","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":31,"id":"la.vw.sp.057c.curvus","source":"dum Fortūna fuit. Feror hūc, et lītore curvō","translation":"while Fortune lasted. Here I am carried, and on a curving shore","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"dum","gloss":"while, as long as"},{"text":"Fortūna","gloss":"fortuna: fortune"},{"text":"fuit.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"Feror","gloss":""},{"text":"hūc,","gloss":"huc: here, to this place"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"lītore","gloss":"litus3: seashore, beach"},{"text":"curvō","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.057c.curvus.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"la.vw.sp.057c.solium","source":"ipsīus ā soliō rēgis, trāxitque trementem;","translation":"from the throne of the king himself, and dragged him away shaking;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ipsīus","gloss":"ipse: self; even, very"},{"text":"ā","gloss":"a: from, by, off"},{"text":"soliō","gloss":"solium: throne, seat"},{"text":"rēgis,","gloss":"rex: king"},{"text":"trāxitque","gloss":""},{"text":"trementem;","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.057c.solium.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid I. 541; Aeneid II. 702","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid V. 604; Aeneid VI. 179","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]}]}