{"course":{"lang":"la","language":"Latin","title":"Prīmus et Secundus Annus","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la","source":"Paine and Mainwaring, Prīmus Annus (Oxford, 1912) and Secundus Annus (1917); Appleton and Jones, Puer Rōmānus (1913); D'Ooge, Latin for Beginners (Boston, 1911); Ritchie, Fabulae Faciles (1903). Public domain. The teaching pages, the glosses and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":51,"id":"la.module.vg.11","title":"Vergil: Iterātiō to Clausula Fīnālis","stage":"Vergil","situation":"Iterātiō; Petītiō Oblīqua; Clausula Fīnālis","outcome":"The poem's words and whole sentences, read once every form in them has been taught","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/51","lines":32},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/50","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/52","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/","sections":[{"title":"Vergil's words: accingo, nī, crista","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"la.vw.sp.067.accingo","source":"Illī sē praedae accingunt, dapibusque futūrīs;","translation":"They set to work on the game, and on the feast to come;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Illī","gloss":"ille: that; he, she, it"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"praedae","gloss":"praeda: booty, spoils"},{"text":"accingunt,","gloss":""},{"text":"dapibusque","gloss":"daps: sacrificial feast/meal"},{"text":"futūrīs;","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.067.accingo.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"la.vw.sp.067.ni","source":"circum errant aciēs, et, nī mea cūra resistat,","translation":"all round them on every side, and if my care were not in the way,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"circum","gloss":"about, around"},{"text":"errant","gloss":"erro: wander, go astray"},{"text":"aciēs,","gloss":"acies: thread, yarn"},{"text":"et,","gloss":"and"},{"text":"nī","gloss":"ni: if ...  not"},{"text":"mea","gloss":"meus: my, mine"},{"text":"cūra","gloss":""},{"text":"resistat,","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.067.ni.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"la.vw.sp.067.crista","source":"ēducet. Vidēn, ut geminae stant vertice cristae,","translation":"Do you see how the twin crests stand on his head,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ēducet.","gloss":""},{"text":"Vidēn,","gloss":""},{"text":"ut","gloss":"that, in order that, that not"},{"text":"geminae","gloss":"geminus: twin, double"},{"text":"stant","gloss":"sto: stand"},{"text":"vertice","gloss":"vertex: whirlpool, eddy, vortex"},{"text":"cristae,","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.067.crista.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: queror, pario, dīligo","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":4,"id":"la.vw.sp.067b.queror","source":"Tantōs illa suō rumpēbat pectore questus.","translation":"Such were the cries she was breaking out of her breast.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tantōs","gloss":""},{"text":"illa","gloss":"ille: that; he, she, it"},{"text":"suō","gloss":"suus: his, her, hers, its, their, theirs"},{"text":"rumpēbat","gloss":""},{"text":"pectore","gloss":"pectus: breast, heart"},{"text":"questus.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.067b.queror.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"la.vw.sp.067b.pario","source":"dēfuerint; alius Latiō iam partus Achillēs,","translation":"another Achilles is already got for Latium,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"dēfuerint;","gloss":""},{"text":"alius","gloss":"alius2: other, another"},{"text":"Latiō","gloss":""},{"text":"iam","gloss":"jam: already, now"},{"text":"partus","gloss":""},{"text":"Achillēs,","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.067b.pario.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"la.vw.sp.067b.diligo","source":"Phoenīcum, et magnō miserae dīlēctus amōre,","translation":"of the Phoenicians, and loved by the poor woman with a great love,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Phoenīcum,","gloss":""},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"magnō","gloss":"magnus: great, large; strong, loud"},{"text":"miserae","gloss":"miser: wretched, unfortunate"},{"text":"dīlēctus","gloss":""},{"text":"amōre,","gloss":"amor: love"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.067b.diligo.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: adigo, rota","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"la.vw.sp.067c.adigo","source":"vel Pater omnipotēns adigat mē fulmine ad umbrās,","translation":"or that the all-powerful Father drive me with his bolt to the shades,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"vel","gloss":"even, actually"},{"text":"Pater","gloss":"father"},{"text":"omnipotēns","gloss":""},{"text":"adigat","gloss":""},{"text":"mē","gloss":"ego: I"},{"text":"fulmine","gloss":""},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"umbrās,","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.067c.adigo.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"la.vw.sp.067c.rota","source":"frēnaque ferventīsque rotās; pars mūnera nōta,","translation":"and bridles and burning-hot wheels; some the gifts they knew,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"frēnaque","gloss":"frena: bridle/harness/rein/bit"},{"text":"ferventīsque","gloss":""},{"text":"rotās;","gloss":"rota: wheel (rotate)"},{"text":"pars","gloss":"part, region, direction"},{"text":"mūnera","gloss":"munus: service"},{"text":"nōta,","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.067c.rota.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid I. 210; Aeneid I. 383","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid I. 485–487; Aeneid I. 643–645","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: conscius, interpres, confundo","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":9,"id":"la.vw.sp.068.conscius","source":"Quod tē per superōs et cōnscia nūmina vērī,","translation":"So by the gods above, by the powers that know what is true,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Quod","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"tē","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"per","gloss":"through"},{"text":"superōs","gloss":""},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"cōnscia","gloss":"conscius: conscious, aware of, knowing, privy (to)"},{"text":"nūmina","gloss":""},{"text":"vērī,","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.068.conscius.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"la.vw.sp.068.interpres","source":"interpres dīvom fert horrida iussa per aurās.","translation":"by Jupiter himself, brings dreadful orders through the air.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"interpres","gloss":"interpreter"},{"text":"dīvom","gloss":""},{"text":"fert","gloss":"fero: carry, bear"},{"text":"horrida","gloss":""},{"text":"iussa","gloss":"jussum: order, command, decree, ordinance, law"},{"text":"per","gloss":"through"},{"text":"aurās.","gloss":"aura: air, breeze"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.068.interpres.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"la.vw.sp.068.confundo","source":"Pandare, quī quondam, iussus cōnfundere foedus,","translation":"Pandarus, who once, ordered to break the treaty,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Pandare,","gloss":""},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"quondam,","gloss":"formerly, once, at one time"},{"text":"iussus","gloss":"jubeo: order, command"},{"text":"cōnfundere","gloss":""},{"text":"foedus,","gloss":"foedus2: treaty, league, formal agreement (between states), alliance"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.068.confundo.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: patera, serpo, sepulcrum","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":12,"id":"la.vw.sp.068b.patera","source":"vīnaque fundēbat paterīs, animamque vocābat","translation":"and he poured wine from the bowls, and called on the soul","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"vīnaque","gloss":""},{"text":"fundēbat","gloss":""},{"text":"paterīs,","gloss":""},{"text":"animamque","gloss":""},{"text":"vocābat","gloss":"voco: call, summon, invite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.068b.patera.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"la.vw.sp.068b.serpo","source":"iam magis atque magis, serpitque per agmina murmur;","translation":"more and more, and a muttering creeps along the ranks;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"iam","gloss":"jam: already, now"},{"text":"magis","gloss":"more, in a higher degree"},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"magis,","gloss":"more, in a higher degree"},{"text":"serpitque","gloss":""},{"text":"per","gloss":"through"},{"text":"agmina","gloss":""},{"text":"murmur;","gloss":"murmur/mutter"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.068b.serpo.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"la.vw.sp.068b.sepulcrum","source":"exuviāsque petet; facilis iactūra sepulcrī.","translation":"and want the spoils. The loss of a grave is a small thing.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"exuviāsque","gloss":""},{"text":"petet;","gloss":""},{"text":"facilis","gloss":"facile, easy"},{"text":"iactūra","gloss":""},{"text":"sepulcrī.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.068b.sepulcrum.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: exuviae, instauro","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":15,"id":"la.vw.sp.068c.exuviae","source":"exuviāsque petet; facilis iactūra sepulcrī.","translation":"and want the spoils. The loss of a grave is a small thing.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"exuviāsque","gloss":""},{"text":"petet;","gloss":""},{"text":"facilis","gloss":"facile, easy"},{"text":"iactūra","gloss":""},{"text":"sepulcrī.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.068c.exuviae.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"la.vw.sp.068c.instauro","source":"Īnstaurātī animī, rēgis succurrere tēctīs,","translation":"Our spirits came back, to bring help to the king's house,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Īnstaurātī","gloss":""},{"text":"animī,","gloss":"animus: mind, heart; spirit, feeling"},{"text":"rēgis","gloss":"rex: king"},{"text":"succurrere","gloss":""},{"text":"tēctīs,","gloss":"tectum: roof"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.068c.instauro.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid I. 630; Aeneid I. 657–660","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid II. 451–452; Aeneid II. 645–646","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: religio, impius, segnis","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":17,"id":"la.vw.sp.069.religio","source":"Iam tum religiō pavidōs terrēbat agrestis","translation":"Even then the dread holiness of the place frightened the country","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Iam","gloss":"jam: already, now"},{"text":"tum","gloss":"then, at that time"},{"text":"religiō","gloss":""},{"text":"pavidōs","gloss":""},{"text":"terrēbat","gloss":"terreo: frighten, scare, terrify, deter"},{"text":"agrestis","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.069.religio.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"la.vw.sp.069.impius","source":"Īnfēlīx Dīdō, nunc tē facta impia tangunt.","translation":"Unlucky Dido, now his unholy acts touch you.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Īnfēlīx","gloss":"infelix: unhappy, unlucky"},{"text":"Dīdō,","gloss":""},{"text":"nunc","gloss":"now, the present moment"},{"text":"tē","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"facta","gloss":"factum: fact, deed, act"},{"text":"impia","gloss":""},{"text":"tangunt.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.069.impius.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"la.vw.sp.069.segnis","source":"Nec Turnum sēgnis retinet mora, sed rapit ācer","translation":"No slow delay holds Turnus either: fiercely he sweeps","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nec","gloss":"neque: neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"Turnum","gloss":""},{"text":"sēgnis","gloss":""},{"text":"retinet","gloss":""},{"text":"mora,","gloss":"delay, hindrance, obstacle"},{"text":"sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"rapit","gloss":"rapio: seize, snatch"},{"text":"ācer","gloss":"acer2: sharp, keen, eager"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.069.segnis.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: secus, pudeo, spīculum","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":20,"id":"la.vw.sp.069b.secus","source":"Haud secus ac iussī faciunt, tēctōsque per herbam","translation":"They do exactly as they are told, and lay swords hidden","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Haud","gloss":"not, not at all, by no means"},{"text":"secus","gloss":"otherwise"},{"text":"ac","gloss":"atque: and"},{"text":"iussī","gloss":"jubeo: order, command"},{"text":"faciunt,","gloss":"facio: make, do; cause, bring about"},{"text":"tēctōsque","gloss":""},{"text":"per","gloss":"through"},{"text":"herbam","gloss":"herba: herb, grass"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.069b.secus.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"la.vw.sp.069b.pudeo","source":"extrēmōs pudeat rediisse; hoc vincite, cīvēs,","translation":"to come home last is the shame: win us this much, countrymen,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"extrēmōs","gloss":""},{"text":"pudeat","gloss":""},{"text":"rediisse;","gloss":""},{"text":"hoc","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"vincite,","gloss":""},{"text":"cīvēs,","gloss":"civis: citizen"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.069b.pudeo.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"la.vw.sp.069b.spiculum","source":"spīculaque clipeīque ēreptaque rōstra carīnīs.","translation":"and spearheads and shields and beaks torn out of ships' keels.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"spīculaque","gloss":""},{"text":"clipeīque","gloss":""},{"text":"ēreptaque","gloss":""},{"text":"rōstra","gloss":"rostrum: beak"},{"text":"carīnīs.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.069b.spiculum.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: missilis, aggredior","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":23,"id":"la.vw.sp.069c.missilis","source":"“Dā nunc, Thybrī pater, ferrō, quod missile librō,","translation":"“Grant now, father Tiber, to the iron I balance for the throw,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"“Dā","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"nunc,","gloss":"now, the present moment"},{"text":"Thybrī","gloss":""},{"text":"pater,","gloss":"father"},{"text":"ferrō,","gloss":"ferrum: iron"},{"text":"quod","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"missile","gloss":""},{"text":"librō,","gloss":"liber4: children (pl.)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.069c.missilis.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"la.vw.sp.069c.aggredior","source":"adgressī, superīsque Iovem dētrūdere rēgnīs.","translation":"and to push Jove out of the kingdoms above.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"adgressī,","gloss":""},{"text":"superīsque","gloss":""},{"text":"Iovem","gloss":"Juppiter: Jupiter"},{"text":"dētrūdere","gloss":"detrudo: push/thrust/drive/force off/away/aside/from/down"},{"text":"rēgnīs.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.069c.aggredior.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid II. 446–447; Aeneid II. 489","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid II. 619; Aeneid II. 673–675","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: rīte, exstinguo, apto","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"la.vw.sp.070.rite","source":"praeceptīsque Helenī, dederat quae maxima, rīte","translation":"and following the instructions of Helenus, the greatest he had given,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"praeceptīsque","gloss":"praeceptum: teaching, lesson, precept"},{"text":"Helenī,","gloss":""},{"text":"dederat","gloss":"do: give"},{"text":"quae","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"maxima,","gloss":"magnus: great, large; strong, loud"},{"text":"rīte","gloss":"rite: duly, according to religious usage, with due observance"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.070.rite.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"la.vw.sp.070.exstinguo","source":"extīnxisse nefās tamen et sūmpsisse merentīs","translation":"still I shall be praised for putting out an abomination and taking","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"extīnxisse","gloss":""},{"text":"nefās","gloss":""},{"text":"tamen","gloss":"yet, nevertheless"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"sūmpsisse","gloss":"sumo: take up"},{"text":"merentīs","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.070.exstinguo.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"la.vw.sp.070.apto","source":"Intereā classem vēlīs aptāre iubēbat","translation":"Meanwhile Anchises was ordering the fleet to be fitted with sails,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Intereā","gloss":"interea: meanwhile"},{"text":"classem","gloss":""},{"text":"vēlīs","gloss":""},{"text":"aptāre","gloss":""},{"text":"iubēbat","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.070.apto.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: lacesso, immisceo, oppōno","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":28,"id":"la.vw.sp.070b.lacesso","source":"aut hōs arma sequī ferrumque lacessere suāsit?","translation":"the one side or the other into taking up arms and provoking the sword?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"aut","gloss":"or"},{"text":"hōs","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"arma","gloss":"arms"},{"text":"sequī","gloss":"sequor: follow"},{"text":"ferrumque","gloss":""},{"text":"lacessere","gloss":"lacesso: provoke, excite, harass, challenge, harass"},{"text":"suāsit?","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.070b.lacesso.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"la.vw.sp.070b.immisceo","source":"fēmina.” Sīc fātus, noctī sē immiscuit ātrae.","translation":"a woman.” So he spoke, and mixed himself into the black night.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"fēmina.”","gloss":"femina: woman"},{"text":"Sīc","gloss":"sic: so, thus"},{"text":"fātus,","gloss":""},{"text":"noctī","gloss":""},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"immiscuit","gloss":""},{"text":"ātrae.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.070b.immisceo.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"la.vw.sp.070b.oppono","source":"Aequius huic Turnum fuerat sē oppōnere mortī.","translation":"It would have been fairer for Turnus to face this death himself.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Aequius","gloss":""},{"text":"huic","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"Turnum","gloss":""},{"text":"fuerat","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"sē","gloss":"sui: of himself (herself, itself, themselves)"},{"text":"oppōnere","gloss":""},{"text":"mortī.","gloss":"mors: bite, sting"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.070b.oppono.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: monumentum, insurgo","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":31,"id":"la.vw.sp.070c.monumentum","source":"Tum genitor, veterum volvēns monumenta virōrum,","translation":"Then my father, turning over the records of men long dead,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tum","gloss":"then, at that time"},{"text":"genitor,","gloss":""},{"text":"veterum","gloss":""},{"text":"volvēns","gloss":""},{"text":"monumenta","gloss":""},{"text":"virōrum,","gloss":"vir: man, hero"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.070c.monumentum.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"la.vw.sp.070c.insurgo","source":"Ēripite, Ō sociī, pariterque īnsurgite rēmīs!”","translation":"Pull us clear, comrades, and rise to the oars together!”","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ēripite,","gloss":""},{"text":"Ō","gloss":"O! (in address)"},{"text":"sociī,","gloss":"socius: companion, ally"},{"text":"pariterque","gloss":"pariter: equally"},{"text":"īnsurgite","gloss":""},{"text":"rēmīs!”","gloss":"remus: oar"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.070c.insurgo.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid I. 1–4; Aeneid I. 133–134","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid I. 192–193; Aeneid I. 676","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]}]}