{"course":{"lang":"la","language":"Latin","title":"Prīmus et Secundus Annus","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la","source":"Paine and Mainwaring, Prīmus Annus (Oxford, 1912) and Secundus Annus (1917); Appleton and Jones, Puer Rōmānus (1913); D'Ooge, Latin for Beginners (Boston, 1911); Ritchie, Fabulae Faciles (1903). Public domain. The teaching pages, the glosses and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":52,"id":"la.module.vg.12","title":"Vergil: Clausula Fīnālis to Interrogātiō Oblīqua","stage":"Vergil","situation":"Clausula Fīnālis; Verbs of fearing; the subjunctive of possum (D'Ooge LXV); Prōnōmina; Interrogātiō Oblīqua","outcome":"The poem's words and whole sentences, read once every form in them has been taught","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/52","lines":32},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/51","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/53","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/","sections":[{"title":"Vergil's words: cuncto, candidus, mergo","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"la.vw.sp.071.cuncto","source":"ūnus quī nōbīs cūnctandō restituis rem.","translation":"the one man who by holding back gives us the state again.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ūnus","gloss":"unus: one; alone"},{"text":"quī","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"nōbīs","gloss":"nos: we"},{"text":"cūnctandō","gloss":"cuncto: delay, impede, hold up"},{"text":"restituis","gloss":""},{"text":"rem.","gloss":"res: thing, matter"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.071.cuncto.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"la.vw.sp.071.candidus","source":"Sīdoniō est invectus equō, quem candida Dīdō","translation":"rode on a Sidonian horse, which shining Dido had given him","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sīdoniō","gloss":""},{"text":"est","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"invectus","gloss":""},{"text":"equō,","gloss":"equus: horse"},{"text":"quem","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"candida","gloss":""},{"text":"Dīdō","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.071.candidus.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"la.vw.sp.071.mergo","source":"hīs mersēre malīs; illa haec monumenta relīquit.","translation":"sank me in these evils; these are the memorials she left me.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"hīs","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"mersēre","gloss":""},{"text":"malīs;","gloss":"malus: bad, evil"},{"text":"illa","gloss":"ille: that; he, she, it"},{"text":"haec","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"monumenta","gloss":""},{"text":"relīquit.","gloss":"relinquo: leave, abandon"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.071.mergo.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: infīgo, intus, trepido","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":4,"id":"la.vw.sp.071b.infigo","source":"dēficit; īnfīxum strīdit sub pectore vulnus.","translation":"again; the wound driven under her breast hissed.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"dēficit;","gloss":""},{"text":"īnfīxum","gloss":""},{"text":"strīdit","gloss":""},{"text":"sub","gloss":"under, below, up to; at"},{"text":"pectore","gloss":"pectus: breast, heart"},{"text":"vulnus.","gloss":"wound"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.071b.infigo.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"la.vw.sp.071b.intus","source":"intus opāca, ingēns; ipse arduus, altaque pulsat","translation":"dark inside, and enormous; he himself is towering, and strikes","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"intus","gloss":"within, on the inside, inside"},{"text":"opāca,","gloss":""},{"text":"ingēns;","gloss":"ingens: huge, vast"},{"text":"ipse","gloss":"self; even, very"},{"text":"arduus,","gloss":""},{"text":"altaque","gloss":"alo: nourish, bring up"},{"text":"pulsat","gloss":"pulso: beat"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.071b.intus.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"la.vw.sp.071b.trepido","source":"ingentī trepidāre metū; pars vertere terga,","translation":"shook with enormous fear; some turned their backs,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ingentī","gloss":"ingens: huge, vast"},{"text":"trepidāre","gloss":""},{"text":"metū;","gloss":"metus: fear"},{"text":"pars","gloss":"part, region, direction"},{"text":"vertere","gloss":"verto: turn, change"},{"text":"terga,","gloss":"tergum: back"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.071b.trepido.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: fluctuo, saevio","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"la.vw.sp.071c.fluctuo","source":"cūncta vidēns magnō cūrārum fluctuat aestū,","translation":"tosses on a great swell of cares,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"cūncta","gloss":"cunctus: altogether (usu. pl.), in a body"},{"text":"vidēns","gloss":""},{"text":"magnō","gloss":"magnus: great, large; strong, loud"},{"text":"cūrārum","gloss":""},{"text":"fluctuat","gloss":""},{"text":"aestū,","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.071c.fluctuo.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"la.vw.sp.071c.saevio","source":"cūstōdēs, saevitque canum lātrātus in aurās.","translation":"and the barking of dogs rages up into the air.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"cūstōdēs,","gloss":"custos: guard"},{"text":"saevitque","gloss":""},{"text":"canum","gloss":"canis: dog"},{"text":"lātrātus","gloss":""},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"aurās.","gloss":"aura: air, breeze"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.071c.saevio.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid II. 799–800; Aeneid IV. 688–689","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid V. 256–257; Aeneid V. 504","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: acerbus, coeo, quatio","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":9,"id":"la.vw.sp.072.acerbus","source":"et saevīre animīs Entellum haud passus acerbīs;","translation":"nor Entellus rage on in a bitter spirit;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"saevīre","gloss":""},{"text":"animīs","gloss":"animus: mind, heart; spirit, feeling"},{"text":"Entellum","gloss":"Entellus: being"},{"text":"haud","gloss":"not, not at all, by no means"},{"text":"passus","gloss":"passus3: raisin-wine"},{"text":"acerbīs;","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.072.acerbus.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"la.vw.sp.072.coeo","source":"membra quatit, gelidusque coit formīdine sanguis.","translation":"my limbs, and my blood clots cold with terror.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"membra","gloss":"membrum: member, limb, organ"},{"text":"quatit,","gloss":""},{"text":"gelidusque","gloss":""},{"text":"coit","gloss":""},{"text":"formīdine","gloss":"formido2: fear/terror/alarm"},{"text":"sanguis.","gloss":"blood"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.072.coeo.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"la.vw.sp.072.quatio","source":"ipse manū quatiēns ostendit ab aethere nūbem.","translation":"a cloud burning with rays of light and with gold.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ipse","gloss":"self; even, very"},{"text":"manū","gloss":"manus: hand; band, force"},{"text":"quatiēns","gloss":""},{"text":"ostendit","gloss":"ostendo: show"},{"text":"ab","gloss":"from, by"},{"text":"aethere","gloss":""},{"text":"nūbem.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.072.quatio.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: latēbra, foedo, adytum","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":12,"id":"la.vw.sp.072b.latebra","source":"Tum latebrās animae pectus mucrōne reclūdit.","translation":"Then with his point he opens the chest, the hiding place of the life.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tum","gloss":"then, at that time"},{"text":"latebrās","gloss":""},{"text":"animae","gloss":"anima: soul, spirit, vital principle"},{"text":"pectus","gloss":"breast, heart"},{"text":"mucrōne","gloss":""},{"text":"reclūdit.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.072b.latebra.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"la.vw.sp.072b.foedo","source":"foedāvit voltus? Aut cūr haec volnera cernō?”","translation":"your clear face? Or why is it these wounds that I see?”","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"foedāvit","gloss":""},{"text":"voltus?","gloss":""},{"text":"Aut","gloss":"or"},{"text":"cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"haec","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"volnera","gloss":""},{"text":"cernō?”","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.072b.foedo.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"la.vw.sp.072b.adytum","source":"mittimus, isque adytīs haec trīstia dicta reportat:","translation":"say, and he carries these bleak words back from the shrine:","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"mittimus,","gloss":"mitto: send"},{"text":"isque","gloss":"is: he, she, it; that"},{"text":"adytīs","gloss":""},{"text":"haec","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"trīstia","gloss":"tristis: sad, sorrowful"},{"text":"dicta","gloss":"Dicte: words/utterance/remark"},{"text":"reportat:","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.072b.adytum.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: contingo, annītor","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":15,"id":"la.vw.sp.072c.contingo","source":"sacra canunt, fūnemque manū contingere gaudent.","translation":"sing the holy songs, and are glad to put a hand to the rope.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"sacra","gloss":"sacrum: something consecrated, sacrifice"},{"text":"canunt,","gloss":"cano: sing, celebrate, chant"},{"text":"fūnemque","gloss":""},{"text":"manū","gloss":"manus: hand; band, force"},{"text":"contingere","gloss":""},{"text":"gaudent.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.072c.contingo.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"la.vw.sp.072c.annitor","source":"quem petit, et summīs adnīxus vīribus urguet.","translation":"him she goes for, straining with all her strength, and presses him.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"quem","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"petit,","gloss":"peto: aim at, assail, storm, attack; seek, ask"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"summīs","gloss":"summus: highest, greatest"},{"text":"adnīxus","gloss":""},{"text":"vīribus","gloss":"vis: strength, power, might, violence"},{"text":"urguet.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.072c.annitor.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid II. 286; Aeneid II. 403–406","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid V. 225–226; Aeneid V. 461–462","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: arrigo, exsupero, artus","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":17,"id":"la.vw.sp.073.arrigo","source":"Hīs animum arrēctī dictīs et fortis Achātēs","translation":"Their spirits lifted by these words, both brave Achates","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hīs","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"animum","gloss":"animus: mind, heart; spirit, feeling"},{"text":"arrēctī","gloss":""},{"text":"dictīs","gloss":"dictum: words/utterance/remark"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"fortis","gloss":"brave"},{"text":"Achātēs","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.073.arrigo.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"la.vw.sp.073.exsupero","source":"volvitur; exsuperant flammae, furit aestus ad aurās.","translation":"gables; the flames go over the top, the heat rages into the air.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"volvitur;","gloss":"volvo: roll, cause to roll"},{"text":"exsuperant","gloss":""},{"text":"flammae,","gloss":""},{"text":"furit","gloss":""},{"text":"aestus","gloss":""},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"aurās.","gloss":"aura: air, breeze"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.073.exsupero.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"la.vw.sp.073.artus","source":"dēficimus? Cūr ante tubam tremor occupat artūs?","translation":"and shamefully? Why does trembling take our limbs before the trumpet?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"dēficimus?","gloss":""},{"text":"Cūr","gloss":"cur: why"},{"text":"ante","gloss":"before"},{"text":"tubam","gloss":"tuba: trumpet"},{"text":"tremor","gloss":""},{"text":"occupat","gloss":"occupo: seize"},{"text":"artūs?","gloss":"artus2: narrow/limited space/limits/scope/sphere"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.073.artus.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: revīso, prōdo, vānus","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":20,"id":"la.vw.sp.073b.reviso","source":"Sīc dēmum sociōs cōnsūmptā nocte revīsō.","translation":"So at last, the night used up, I go back to my companions.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sīc","gloss":"sic: so, thus"},{"text":"dēmum","gloss":"demum: at last, not till then"},{"text":"sociōs","gloss":"socius: companion, ally"},{"text":"cōnsūmptā","gloss":"consumo: consume, use up"},{"text":"nocte","gloss":"nox: night"},{"text":"revīsō.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.073b.reviso.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"la.vw.sp.073b.prodo","source":"prōdiderim, nātam et cōnūbia nostra petentem?","translation":"you who were asking for my daughter and a marriage in my house?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"prōdiderim,","gloss":""},{"text":"nātam","gloss":""},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"cōnūbia","gloss":""},{"text":"nostra","gloss":"noster: our, ours"},{"text":"petentem?","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.073b.prodo.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"la.vw.sp.073b.vanus","source":"Crēdō equidem, nec vāna fidēs, genus esse deōrum.","translation":"I do believe it, and the belief is not empty, that he is of the stock of gods.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Crēdō","gloss":"credo: trust, believe"},{"text":"equidem,","gloss":"truly, indeed"},{"text":"nec","gloss":"neque: neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"vāna","gloss":"vanus: empty, vain"},{"text":"fidēs,","gloss":"fides: chord, instrument string"},{"text":"genus","gloss":"kind, variety"},{"text":"esse","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"deōrum.","gloss":"deus: god"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.073b.vanus.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: simulo, tenēbrae","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":23,"id":"la.vw.sp.073c.simulo","source":"spem voltū simulat, premit altum corde dolōrem.","translation":"he acts hope on his face, and presses the pain down deep in his heart.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"spem","gloss":"spes: hope"},{"text":"voltū","gloss":"vultus: face, expression"},{"text":"simulat,","gloss":""},{"text":"premit","gloss":"premo: press, press hard, pursue"},{"text":"altum","gloss":"altus: high, tall, deep"},{"text":"corde","gloss":"cor: heart"},{"text":"dolōrem.","gloss":"dolor: pain, anguish, grief, sorrow, suffering"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.073c.simulo.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"la.vw.sp.073c.tenebrae","source":"īnfernīsque ciet tenebrīs, cui trīstia bella","translation":"and out of the darkness below, one whose heart is set on grim wars,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"īnfernīsque","gloss":""},{"text":"ciet","gloss":""},{"text":"tenebrīs,","gloss":"tenebra: darkness (pl.), obscurity"},{"text":"cui","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"trīstia","gloss":"tristis: sad, sorrowful"},{"text":"bella","gloss":"bellum: war"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.073c.tenebrae.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid I. 208–209; Aeneid I. 463","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid I. 628–629; Aeneid II. 268–269","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: certātim, simulācrum, caelestis","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"la.vw.sp.074.certatim","source":"Certātim sociī feriunt mare et aequora verrunt.","translation":"the crews strike the sea in rivalry and sweep the level water.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Certātim","gloss":""},{"text":"sociī","gloss":"socius: companion, ally"},{"text":"feriunt","gloss":""},{"text":"mare","gloss":"sea"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"aequora","gloss":""},{"text":"verrunt.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.074.certatim.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"la.vw.sp.074.simulacrum","source":"Dūcendum ad sēdēs simulācrum ōrandaque dīvae","translation":"The image must be led to her house, they clamor, and the goddess'","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dūcendum","gloss":""},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"sēdēs","gloss":""},{"text":"simulācrum","gloss":"simulacrum: likeness, image, statue"},{"text":"ōrandaque","gloss":""},{"text":"dīvae","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.074.simulacrum.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"la.vw.sp.074.caelestis","source":"impulerit. Tantaene animīs caelestibus īrae?","translation":"so many labors. Is there such wrath in heavenly hearts?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"impulerit.","gloss":""},{"text":"Tantaene","gloss":""},{"text":"animīs","gloss":"animus: mind, heart; spirit, feeling"},{"text":"caelestibus","gloss":""},{"text":"īrae?","gloss":"ira: anger"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.074.caelestis.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: epulae, fēmineus, ululo","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":28,"id":"la.vw.sp.074b.epulae","source":"et patriōs epulīs et quōs colit hospes Acestēs.","translation":"both our own fathers' and those our host Acestes keeps.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"patriōs","gloss":""},{"text":"epulīs","gloss":"epulae: courses (pl.), food, dishes of food"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"quōs","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"colit","gloss":"colo: strain/filter (liquid), clarify"},{"text":"hospes","gloss":"host"},{"text":"Acestēs.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.074b.epulae.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"la.vw.sp.074b.femineus","source":"fēmineīs ululant; ferit aurea sīdera clāmor.","translation":"with women wailing; the shouting strikes the golden stars.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"fēmineīs","gloss":""},{"text":"ululant;","gloss":""},{"text":"ferit","gloss":"ferio: hit, strike"},{"text":"aurea","gloss":"aureus: golden"},{"text":"sīdera","gloss":"sidus: star"},{"text":"clāmor.","gloss":"clamor: shout, outcry/protest"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.074b.femineus.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"la.vw.sp.074b.ululo","source":"cōnūbiīs, summōque ululārunt vertice nymphae.","translation":"to the marriage, and on the high peak the nymphs howled.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"cōnūbiīs,","gloss":""},{"text":"summōque","gloss":"summum: highest, greatest, the top of"},{"text":"ululārunt","gloss":""},{"text":"vertice","gloss":"vertex: whirlpool, eddy, vortex"},{"text":"nymphae.","gloss":"nympha: nymph"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.074b.ululo.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: exuo, penētrālis","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":31,"id":"la.vw.sp.074c.exuo","source":"exuit, et gressū gaudēns incēdit Iūlī.","translation":"off, and walks along, glad, in the step of Iulus.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"exuit,","gloss":"exuo: pull off"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"gressū","gloss":""},{"text":"gaudēns","gloss":""},{"text":"incēdit","gloss":""},{"text":"Iūlī.","gloss":"Iulius: Julius"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.074c.exuo.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"la.vw.sp.074c.penetralis","source":"aeternumque adytīs effert penetrālibus ignem.","translation":"in her power, and the undying fire, from the innermost shrine.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"aeternumque","gloss":""},{"text":"adytīs","gloss":""},{"text":"effert","gloss":"stuffed"},{"text":"penetrālibus","gloss":""},{"text":"ignem.","gloss":"ignis: fire"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.074c.penetralis.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid I. 76–77; Aeneid I. 565–566","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid I. 579–581; Aeneid I. 689–690","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]}]}