{"course":{"lang":"la","language":"Latin","title":"Prīmus et Secundus Annus","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la","source":"Paine and Mainwaring, Prīmus Annus (Oxford, 1912) and Secundus Annus (1917); Appleton and Jones, Puer Rōmānus (1913); D'Ooge, Latin for Beginners (Boston, 1911); Ritchie, Fabulae Faciles (1903). Public domain. The teaching pages, the glosses and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":54,"id":"la.module.vg.14","title":"Vergil: Clausula Cōnsecūtīva to Grammatica Varia","stage":"Vergil","situation":"Clausula Cōnsecūtīva; The subjunctive of characteristic; the predicate accusative (D'Ooge LXIX); Clausulae Condiciōnālēs; Grammatica Varia","outcome":"The poem's words and whole sentences, read once every form in them has been taught","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/54","lines":32},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/53","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/la/55","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/","sections":[{"title":"Vergil's words: ingemo, effigies, paciscor","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"la.vw.sp.079.ingemo","source":"Num flētū ingemuit nostrō? Num lūmina flexit?","translation":"Did he groan at my weeping? Did he turn his eyes?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Num","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"flētū","gloss":""},{"text":"ingemuit","gloss":""},{"text":"nostrō?","gloss":"noster: our, ours"},{"text":"Num","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"lūmina","gloss":"lumen: light"},{"text":"flexit?","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.079.ingemo.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"la.vw.sp.079.effigies","source":"corripuēre sacram effigiem, manibusque cruentīs","translation":"and snatched the sacred figure, and with bloodied hands","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"corripuēre","gloss":""},{"text":"sacram","gloss":"sacer: sacred, holy, consecrated"},{"text":"effigiem,","gloss":"effigies: image, likeness, effigy"},{"text":"manibusque","gloss":"manus: manna"},{"text":"cruentīs","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.079.effigies.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"la.vw.sp.079.paciscor","source":"“Quō fugis, Aenēā? Thalamōs nē dēsere pactōs;","translation":"“Where are you running, Aeneas? Do not walk out on the marriage you bargained for;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"“Quō","gloss":"quo: whither, where; in order to, that"},{"text":"fugis,","gloss":"fugio: flee, fly, run away"},{"text":"Aenēā?","gloss":""},{"text":"Thalamōs","gloss":""},{"text":"nē","gloss":"ne: in order that not, that"},{"text":"dēsere","gloss":""},{"text":"pactōs;","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.079.paciscor.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: fauces, invictus, cālīgo","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":4,"id":"la.vw.sp.079b.fauces","source":"Obstipuī, stetēruntque comae et vōx faucibus haesit.","translation":"I froze; my hair stood up, and my voice stuck in my throat.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Obstipuī,","gloss":""},{"text":"stetēruntque","gloss":""},{"text":"comae","gloss":""},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"vōx","gloss":"vox: voice, tone, expression"},{"text":"faucibus","gloss":"fauces: pharynx (usu pl.), gullet/throat/neck/jaws/maw"},{"text":"haesit.","gloss":"haereo: stick, adhere, cling to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.079b.fauces.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"la.vw.sp.079b.invictus","source":"dīs quamquam genitī atque invictī vīribus essent.","translation":"sons of gods though they were, and unbeaten in their strength.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"dīs","gloss":"deus: god"},{"text":"quamquam","gloss":"though, although"},{"text":"genitī","gloss":""},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"invictī","gloss":""},{"text":"vīribus","gloss":"vis: strength, power, might, violence"},{"text":"essent.","gloss":"sum: be; exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.079b.invictus.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"la.vw.sp.079b.caligo","source":"Trīs adeō incertōs caecā cālīgine sōlēs","translation":"For three whole suns, in a blind fog,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Trīs","gloss":"tres: three"},{"text":"adeō","gloss":"adeo2: to such a degree/pass/point"},{"text":"incertōs","gloss":""},{"text":"caecā","gloss":""},{"text":"cālīgine","gloss":""},{"text":"sōlēs","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.079b.caligo.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: arripio, semel","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"la.vw.sp.079c.arripio","source":"Rumpe morās omnīs et turbāta arripe castra.”","translation":"Break off every delay and snatch the camp while it is in confusion.”","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Rumpe","gloss":""},{"text":"morās","gloss":"mora: delay, hindrance, obstacle"},{"text":"omnīs","gloss":"omnis: every, all"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"turbāta","gloss":""},{"text":"arripe","gloss":""},{"text":"castra.”","gloss":"castrum: fort; camp"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.079c.arripio.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"la.vw.sp.079c.semel","source":"nec vīdisse semel satis est; iuvat usque morārī,","translation":"and it is not enough to have seen him once: they like to keep him,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"nec","gloss":"neque: neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"vīdisse","gloss":"video: see, look at"},{"text":"semel","gloss":"one"},{"text":"satis","gloss":"enough, sufficiently"},{"text":"est;","gloss":"sum: be; exist"},{"text":"iuvat","gloss":"juvo: help, assist, aid, support, serve, further"},{"text":"usque","gloss":"all the way, right on"},{"text":"morārī,","gloss":"moror: delay"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.079c.semel.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid II. 438–439; Aeneid II. 469–470","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid II. 620; Aeneid II. 687–690","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: oppeto, concieo, scīlicet","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":9,"id":"la.vw.sp.080.oppeto","source":"contigit oppetere! Ō Danaum fortissime gentīs","translation":"of Troy, to meet their death! O bravest of the Danaan race,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"contigit","gloss":"contingo: touch"},{"text":"oppetere!","gloss":""},{"text":"Ō","gloss":"O! (in address)"},{"text":"Danaum","gloss":""},{"text":"fortissime","gloss":""},{"text":"gentīs","gloss":"gens: race, tribe, nation"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.080.oppeto.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"la.vw.sp.080.concieo","source":"Dēserit inceptum atque immānī concitus īrā","translation":"He drops what he had begun and, driven by a monstrous anger,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dēserit","gloss":""},{"text":"inceptum","gloss":""},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"immānī","gloss":""},{"text":"concitus","gloss":"concieo: move, set in violent motion, stir up"},{"text":"īrā","gloss":"ira: wrath, anger"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.080.concieo.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"la.vw.sp.080.scilicet","source":"“Scīlicet haec Spartam incolumīs patriāsque Mycēnās","translation":"“So she will see Sparta whole, and her fathers' Mycenae,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"“Scīlicet","gloss":"scilicet: of course"},{"text":"haec","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"Spartam","gloss":""},{"text":"incolumīs","gloss":"incolumis: unharmed"},{"text":"patriāsque","gloss":""},{"text":"Mycēnās","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.080.scilicet.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: prōrumpo, mulceo, alternus","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":12,"id":"la.vw.sp.080b.prorumpo","source":"Haec ait et medius dēnsōs prōrumpit in hostīs.","translation":"So he speaks, and bursts into the middle of the packed enemy.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Haec","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"ait","gloss":"aio: say"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"medius","gloss":""},{"text":"dēnsōs","gloss":""},{"text":"prōrumpit","gloss":""},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"hostīs.","gloss":"hostis: enemy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.080b.prorumpo.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"la.vw.sp.080b.mulceo","source":"ēripuit mulcēns dictīs, ac tālia fātur:","translation":"away, gentling him with words, and speaks so:","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ēripuit","gloss":"eripio: snatch from"},{"text":"mulcēns","gloss":""},{"text":"dictīs,","gloss":"dictum: words/utterance/remark"},{"text":"ac","gloss":"atque: and"},{"text":"tālia","gloss":"talis: such"},{"text":"fātur:","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.080b.mulceo.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"la.vw.sp.080b.alternus","source":"vix hostem, alternī sī congrediāmur, habēmus.","translation":"if we went at them every second man, we should barely have an enemy each.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"vix","gloss":"scarcely, hardly"},{"text":"hostem,","gloss":"hostis: enemy"},{"text":"alternī","gloss":""},{"text":"sī","gloss":"si: if"},{"text":"congrediāmur,","gloss":""},{"text":"habēmus.","gloss":"habeo: have, hold, consider, think, reason"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.080b.alternus.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: prōcurro, acuo","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":15,"id":"la.vw.sp.080c.procurro","source":"et cōnferre manum et prōcurrere longius audent.","translation":"and dare to close hand to hand and to run out further.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"cōnferre","gloss":"confero: bring together"},{"text":"manum","gloss":"manus: hand; band, force"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"prōcurrere","gloss":"procurro: run forward"},{"text":"longius","gloss":"longus: long"},{"text":"audent.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.080c.procurro.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"la.vw.sp.080c.acuo","source":"īnstiterat, iaculō palmās armāvit acūtō","translation":"of her feet on the ground, he armed her palms with a sharp javelin","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"īnstiterat,","gloss":""},{"text":"iaculō","gloss":"jaculum: javelin"},{"text":"palmās","gloss":""},{"text":"armāvit","gloss":""},{"text":"acūtō","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.080c.acuo.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid V. 463–465; Aeneid VI. 525–527","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid VII. 30–34; Aeneid VIII. 385–386","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: suscito, aerātus, sufficio","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":17,"id":"la.vw.sp.081.suscito","source":"sufficit, ipse deōs in Dardana suscitat arma.","translation":"that answers; he himself rouses the gods against Dardanian arms.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"sufficit,","gloss":""},{"text":"ipse","gloss":"self; even, very"},{"text":"deōs","gloss":"deus: god"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in, on; into, to, against"},{"text":"Dardana","gloss":""},{"text":"suscitat","gloss":""},{"text":"arma.","gloss":"arms"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.081.suscito.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"la.vw.sp.081.aeratus","source":"Nec quisquam aerātās aciēs ex agmine tantō","translation":"No one would take it for bronze-clad lines massing","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nec","gloss":"neque: neither, nor, and ... not"},{"text":"quisquam","gloss":"any one"},{"text":"aerātās","gloss":""},{"text":"aciēs","gloss":"acies: thread, yarn"},{"text":"ex","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"agmine","gloss":"agmen: line of march, column"},{"text":"tantō","gloss":"tantus: so great"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.081.aeratus.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"la.vw.sp.081.sufficio","source":"ārdentīsque oculōs suffectī sanguine et ignī,","translation":"their burning eyes bloodshot and full of fire,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ārdentīsque","gloss":""},{"text":"oculōs","gloss":"oculus: eye"},{"text":"suffectī","gloss":""},{"text":"sanguine","gloss":"sanguis: blood"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ignī,","gloss":"ignis: fire"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.081.sufficio.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: rudens, strīdor, penētro","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":20,"id":"la.vw.sp.081b.rudens","source":"Īnsequitur clāmorque virum strīdorque rudentum.","translation":"There follows the shouting of men and the shrieking of ropes.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Īnsequitur","gloss":"insequor: follow/come after"},{"text":"clāmorque","gloss":"clamor: shout, outcry/protest"},{"text":"virum","gloss":"vir: man, hero"},{"text":"strīdorque","gloss":""},{"text":"rudentum.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.081b.rudens.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"la.vw.sp.081b.stridor","source":"Extemplō tēlī strīdōrem aurāsque sonantīs","translation":"At once Arruns heard the shriek of the shaft and the air","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Extemplō","gloss":"extemplo: immediately, forthwith"},{"text":"tēlī","gloss":""},{"text":"strīdōrem","gloss":""},{"text":"aurāsque","gloss":"aura: breeze, breath (of air), wind"},{"text":"sonantīs","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.081b.stridor.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"la.vw.sp.081b.penetro","source":"Dardanus Īdaeās Phrygiae penetrāvit ad urbēs","translation":"made his way through to the Idaean cities of Phrygia","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dardanus","gloss":""},{"text":"Īdaeās","gloss":""},{"text":"Phrygiae","gloss":""},{"text":"penetrāvit","gloss":""},{"text":"ad","gloss":"to"},{"text":"urbēs","gloss":"urbs: city"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.081b.penetro.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: tropaeum, infectus","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":23,"id":"la.vw.sp.081c.tropaeum","source":"lēcta refert umerīs, tibi, rēx Grādīve, tropaeum.","translation":"gathers the arms and carries them off on his shoulders, a trophy for you, king Gradivus.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"lēcta","gloss":""},{"text":"refert","gloss":"refero: bring/carry back/again/home"},{"text":"umerīs,","gloss":"umerus: shoulder"},{"text":"tibi,","gloss":"tu: thou, you"},{"text":"rēx","gloss":"rex: king"},{"text":"Grādīve,","gloss":""},{"text":"tropaeum.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.081c.tropaeum.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"la.vw.sp.081c.infectus","source":"gaudēns, et pariter facta atque īnfecta canēbat:","translation":"in her joy, and singing what was done and what was not, alike:","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"gaudēns,","gloss":""},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"pariter","gloss":"equally"},{"text":"facta","gloss":"facio: do, make"},{"text":"atque","gloss":"and"},{"text":"īnfecta","gloss":""},{"text":"canēbat:","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.081c.infectus.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid I. 87; Aeneid II. 192–194","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid II. 617–618; Aeneid II. 780–784","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: focus, circumsto, commūnis","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"la.vw.sp.082.focus","source":"hortor amāre focōs arcemque attollere tēctīs.","translation":"to love their hearths and lift a citadel of roofs.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"hortor","gloss":""},{"text":"amāre","gloss":"amo: love, like"},{"text":"focōs","gloss":""},{"text":"arcemque","gloss":""},{"text":"attollere","gloss":""},{"text":"tēctīs.","gloss":"tectum: roof"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.082.focus.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"la.vw.sp.082.circumsto","source":"circumstant animae dextrā laevaque frequentēs;","translation":"The souls stand thick about him on the right and on the left;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"circumstant","gloss":""},{"text":"animae","gloss":"anima: soul, spirit, vital principle"},{"text":"dextrā","gloss":"dexter: right"},{"text":"laevaque","gloss":""},{"text":"frequentēs;","gloss":"frequens: crowded"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.082.circumsto.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"la.vw.sp.082.communis","source":"quō rēs cumque cadent, ūnum et commūne perīclum,","translation":"However things fall, there will be one danger held in common,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"quō","gloss":"quo: whither, where; in order to, that"},{"text":"rēs","gloss":"res: thing, matter"},{"text":"cumque","gloss":""},{"text":"cadent,","gloss":""},{"text":"ūnum","gloss":"unus: one; alone"},{"text":"et","gloss":"and"},{"text":"commūne","gloss":""},{"text":"perīclum,","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.082.communis.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: ēminus, obsto, assiduus","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":28,"id":"la.vw.sp.082b.eminus","source":"Īnstat cui Turnus strīdentemque ēminus hastam","translation":"Turnus comes at it and throws a whistling spear from a distance:","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Īnstat","gloss":""},{"text":"cui","gloss":"qui: who, which, what, that"},{"text":"Turnus","gloss":""},{"text":"strīdentemque","gloss":""},{"text":"ēminus","gloss":""},{"text":"hastam","gloss":"hasta: spear/lance/javelin"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.082b.eminus.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"la.vw.sp.082b.obsto","source":"sed variīs portenta deum terrōribus obstant.","translation":"but portents of the gods stand in the way, with terrors of every kind.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"sed","gloss":"but"},{"text":"variīs","gloss":"varius: different"},{"text":"portenta","gloss":""},{"text":"deum","gloss":"deus: god"},{"text":"terrōribus","gloss":""},{"text":"obstant.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.082b.obsto.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"la.vw.sp.082b.assiduus","source":"Hī bellum adsiduē dūcunt cum gente Latīnā;","translation":"These wage steady war with the Latin race;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hī","gloss":"hic: this"},{"text":"bellum","gloss":"war"},{"text":"adsiduē","gloss":""},{"text":"dūcunt","gloss":"duco: lead, command"},{"text":"cum","gloss":"when; since; although"},{"text":"gente","gloss":"gens: race, tribe, nation"},{"text":"Latīnā;","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.082b.assiduus.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Vergil's words: attingo, revolvo","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":31,"id":"la.vw.sp.082c.attingo","source":"prēndere tēcta manū sociumque attingere dextrās.","translation":"to catch the high parapet by hand and reach his comrades' right hands.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"prēndere","gloss":""},{"text":"tēcta","gloss":"tectum: roof"},{"text":"manū","gloss":"manus: hand; band, force"},{"text":"sociumque","gloss":""},{"text":"attingere","gloss":""},{"text":"dextrās.","gloss":""}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.082c.attingo.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"la.vw.sp.082c.revolvo","source":"redde, ōrō, miserīs iterumque revolvere cāsūs","translation":"back, I beg, to these wretched men, and grant that the Teucrians","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"redde,","gloss":""},{"text":"ōrō,","gloss":""},{"text":"miserīs","gloss":"miser: wretched, unfortunate"},{"text":"iterumque","gloss":"iterum: again"},{"text":"revolvere","gloss":""},{"text":"cāsūs","gloss":"casus: cottage/small humble dwelling, hut/hovel"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-la/la.vw.sp.082c.revolvo.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid I. 88–89; Aeneid I. 325–329","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Aeneid I. 389–392; Aeneid III. 132–134","teaching":[],"lines":[],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]}]}