# Prīmus et Secundus Annus, Capita 1–5

Puer Romanus

Ego et vīta mea; Lūdus; Dē mīlite fortissimō sed īgnōtō; Cēna; Iter

Source: https://1732studios.com/courses/la/9. Data: https://1732studios.com/courses/la/9.json.

## Ego et vīta mea (Puer Rōmānus 1)

**1** EGO dē mē ipsō, dē parentibus, dē frātre, dē sorōribus, dē amīcīs, dē omnī meā vītā sum tibi nārrātūrus.  
I am going to tell you about myself, about my parents, about my brother, about my sisters, about my friends, about my whole life.

**2** Rōmānus sum puer, annōs nātus duodecim.  
I am a Roman boy, twelve years old.

**3** Nōmina nostra īgnōrās; sciō tē īgnōrāre; nēmo enim tibi dīxit.  
You do not know our names; I know that you do not know them, for no one has told you.

**4** Nōmina igitur sine morā dīcam.  
So I shall give the names without delay.

**5** Prīmum dē patre.  
First about my father.

**6** Ille appellātur Sextus Cornēlius Polliō.  
He is called Sextus Cornelius Pollio.

**7** Sextus ipsum dēsīgnat, Cornēlius gentem, Polliō familiam.  
Sextus marks the man himself, Cornelius the clan, Pollio the family.

**8** Itaque haec habet tria, praenōmen, nōmen, cōgnōmen.  
And so he has these three, a first name, a clan name, a family name.

**9** Nunc dē mātre dīcam.  
Now I shall speak about my mother.

**10** Illa nōminātur Terentia.  
She is named Terentia.

**11** Frātrī praenōmen est Gāius; sorōrēs appellantur Prīma, Secunda, Tertia.  
My brother's first name is Gaius; my sisters are called Prima, Secunda, Tertia.

**12** Ego autem appellor Lūcius.  
I myself am called Lucius.

**13** Quās rēs tū cottīdiē facis, eās ego quoque faciō.  
Whatever things you do every day, those I do too.

**14** Ē lectulō surgō, patrem, mātrem, frātrem, sorōrēs salvēre iubeō, edō, lūdō adsum, lūdō.  
I get up out of my little bed, I bid my father, my mother, my brother and my sisters good morning, I eat, I am at school, I play.

**15** In lūdō tamen–mīrābile dictū– nōn lūdō sed discō.  
At school, though, and it is a wonder to say it, I do not play but learn.

**16** Magister enim, quī māximē est sevērus, neque mē sinit lūdere neque cēterōs puerōs.  
For the master, who is extremely strict, does not let me play, nor the other boys either.

**17** Sī lūdimus, poenās damus.  
If we play, we pay the penalty.

**18** Heu! quantā sevēritāte pūnit magister!  
Alas, with what severity the master punishes!

**19** Ego, ō mē miserum, sciō quantā sevēritāte pūniat!  
I, poor wretch that I am, know with what severity he punishes!

**20** Rogāsne quid in lūdō faciāmus?  
Are you asking what we do at school?

**21** Scrībimus, recitāmus, poētās legimus.  
We write, we recite, we read the poets.

**22** Rogāsne quōs legāmus poētās?  
Are you asking which poets we read?

**23** Ego dīcam dum tū discis.  
I shall tell you while you learn.

**24** Horātī, Vergilī, Terentī legimus omnia opera.  
We read all the works of Horace, Virgil and Terence.

**25** Quālēs hī fuerint, et quando vīxerint, aliquandō fortāsse discēs.  
What sort of men they were, and when they lived, you will perhaps learn some day.

**26** Post lūdum domum redeō.  
After school I go back home.

**27** Ut gaudeō, ut gaudēmus omnēs, quotiēns ē lūdō alterō exīmus et alterum lūdum petimus!  
How glad I am, how glad we all are, whenever we come out of the one school and make for the other!

**28** Alterō enim in lūdō, ut iam dīxī, discimus; alter lūdus etiam lūsus nōminātur.  
For in the one school, as I have said already, we learn; the other school is also called play.

**29** Quī sīmus, mī amīce, iam nōvistī; quālēs sīmus partim scīs, partim nescīs; ubi habitēmus omnīnō īgnōrās.  
Who we are, my friend, you now know; what sort of people we are you partly know and partly do not; where we live you do not know at all.

**30** Heu! multa, īmmō vērō plūrima vel omnia īgnōrās.  
Alas, there is much, or rather very much, or rather everything, that you do not know.

**31** Opus longum mihi est prōpositum, īmmō vērō longissimum.  
A long task has been set before me, or rather a very long one.

**32** Dīcam enim dē Ītaliā, dē Brundisiō, dē Rōmā, dē aliīs terrīs urbibusque, dē mīlitibus nostrīs, dē magistrātibus, dē prīncipe, dē cibō, dē vestīmentīs, dē aedificiīs, dē omnibus rēbus hominibusque.  
For I shall speak about Italy, about Brundisium, about Rome, about other lands and cities, about our soldiers, about the magistrates, about the emperor, about food, about clothes, about buildings, about everything and everyone.

**33** Pater meus est Brundisīnus; nam Brundisiī habitat.  
My father is a man of Brundisium, for he lives at Brundisium.

**34** Magistrātum tenet ille, nam Brundisium est mūnicipium in quō duo sunt magistrātūs, quī duumvirī nōminantur.  
He holds a magistracy, for Brundisium is a township in which there are two magistrates, who are called the duumviri.

**35** Pater igitur meus summō est honōre apud cīvēs Brundisīnōs.  
My father, then, is held in the highest honour among the citizens of Brundisium.

**36** Sed fortāsse negās tē scīre ubi sit mūnicipium Brundisium.  
But perhaps you say that you do not know where the township of Brundisium is.

**37** Itaque iubeō tē spectāre tabulam; sī spectābis, vidēbis ubi stet mūnicipium.  
So I tell you to look at the map; if you look, you will see where the township stands.

**38** Nōnne vidēs?  
Do you not see it?

**39** Ecce in ultimō stat angulō Ītaliae, ad orientem versum.  
There it stands, in the farthest corner of Italy, turned towards the east.

**40** Oriēns ea est regiō ubi oritur sōl; occidēns ea est regiō ubi sōl occidit in ōceanum; merīdiēs ea ad quam sōl mediā hōrā diēī vertitur; septentriō vel septentriōnēs ita nōminatur, quod in eā parte caelī septem sīdera cōnspiciuntur, quae septem triōnēs vocantur, hoc est, septem bovēs.  
The east is the quarter where the sun rises; the west is the quarter where the sun sets into the ocean; the south is the quarter to which the sun turns at midday; the north is so named because in that part of the sky seven stars are seen, which are called the seven plough-oxen, that is, seven oxen.

**41** Nōnnūllī autem ursam appellant hoc sīgnum.  
Some people, however, call this constellation the Bear.

**42** Sed regiōnibus caelī relictīs ad oppidum revertimus in quō habitāmus ego et pater et māter et cēterī.  
But, leaving the quarters of the sky, we go back to the town in which we live, my father and my mother and I and the rest.

**43** Domus nostra in viā māximā est sita, in quā viā habitant cīvēs nōbiliōrēs.  
Our house stands on the main street, the street where the nobler citizens live.

**44** Domum intrās per iānuam, quae semper stat clausa nisi quis intrat.  
You enter the house through the front door, which always stays shut unless someone is coming in.

**45** Sī vīs intrāre, iānuam pultās.  
If you want to come in, you knock at the door.

**46** Quō factō ecce venit iānitor (is iānuam intus cūstōdit) et iānuam reserat.  
When you have done that, up comes the doorkeeper (he guards the door from inside) and unbolts it.

**47** Iānuā reserātā in vēstibulum īmus, deinde in ātrium; sīc enim nōminātur aula.  
When the door has been unbolted we go into the entrance passage, then into the atrium; for that is the name of the hall.

**48** Mediō in ātriō est stāgnum, impluvium nōminātum, in quod pluviae cadunt et stāgnum faciunt.  
In the middle of the atrium is a pool, called the impluvium, into which the rains fall and make the pool.

**49** Super impluvium nūllum tēctum est, sed spatium apertum quod compluvium vocant.  
Above the impluvium there is no roof, but an open space which they call the compluvium.

**50** Prope stāgnum est āra; prope āram stant Larēs.  
Near the pool is an altar; near the altar stand the household gods.

**51** In ātriō nōs omnēs diem agimus.  
In the atrium we all spend the day.

**52** At dormīmus in cellīs, quae multae sunt circum ātrium aedificātae.  
But we sleep in small rooms, of which there are many built round the atrium.

**53** Servī tamen ante portās cellārum dormiunt.  
The slaves, however, sleep in front of the doors of the rooms.

**54** Post ātrium est tablīnum, quod est prīvātum patris conclāve.  
Behind the atrium is the tablinum, which is my father's private room.

**55** Sunt autem bīnae faucēs, alterae ex dextrā, alterae ex sinistrā, per quās in apertum aliquod spatium ītur quod peristȳlium nōminātur.  
There are also two passages, one on the right, the other on the left, through which one goes into an open space called the peristyle.

**56** Circum hoc peristȳlium alterae sunt cellae.  
Round this peristyle there are more rooms.

**57** Postrēmō est aliud conclāve adiūnctum, triclīnium quod vocant; hīc cēnāmus.  
Last of all there is another room joined on, which they call the dining room; here we dine.

**58** Nunc respondē mihi dē domō interrogantī:–dīc mihi per quid domum intrēs.  
Now answer me as I question you about the house: tell me what you enter the house by.

**59** Cūr sedet iānitor in cellā?  
Why does the doorkeeper sit in his little room?

**60** Cūr iānuam pultās?  
Why do you knock at the door?

**61** Num īgnōrās?  
Surely you do not fail to know?

**62** Ō puerum immemorem!  
What a forgetful boy!

**63** Sī īgnōrās, ego prō tē respondēbō.  
If you do not know, I shall answer for you.

**64** Sed iubeō tē attentō esse animō, ut discās omnia.  
But I tell you to pay attention, so that you may learn everything.

**65** Per iānuam intrās domum; in cellā sedet iānitor ut iānuam cūstōdiat; pultās iānuam ut iānitor iānuam reseret.  
You enter the house through the door; the doorkeeper sits in his room to guard the door; you knock at the door so that the doorkeeper may unbolt it.

**66** Tū iam respondē, sī poteris.  
Now you answer, if you can.

**67** Cūr est impluvium in ātriō?  
Why is there an impluvium in the atrium?

**68** Ubi dormiunt servī?  
Where do the slaves sleep?

**69** Potesne mihi dīcere cūr istīc dormiant?  
Can you tell me why they sleep there?

**70** Pater meus appellātur Sextus Cornēlius Polliō.  
My father is called Sextus Cornelius Pollio.

**71** Ego appellor Lūcius.  
I am called Lucius.

**72** Nunc dē mātre dīcam.  
Now I shall speak about my mother.

**73** Frātrī praenōmen est Gāius.  
My brother's first name is Gaius.

**74** Ē lectulō surrēxī.  
I got up out of my little bed.

**75** Māter patrem salvēre iūssit.  
My mother bade my father good morning.

**76** Sorōrēs patrem salvēre iūssērunt.  
My sisters bade my father good morning.

**77** Puerī nōn lūdent in lūdō.  
The boys will not play at school.

**78** Post lūdum domum redeō.  
After school I go back home.

**79** Sorōrēs ad lūdum mox ībunt.  
My sisters will soon go to school.

**80** Dē quibus rēbus nārrātūrus est Lūcius?  
What things is Lucius going to tell about?

**81** Quid scīs dē ipsō Lūciō?  
What do you know about Lucius himself?

**82** Quōmodo appellantur pater, māter, frāter, sorōrēs?  
What are his father, his mother, his brother and his sisters called?

**83** Quid facit Lūcius cottīdiē?  
What does Lucius do every day?

**84** Quid accidit in lūdō?  
What happens at school?

**85** Quī erant Horātius, Vergilius, Terentius?  
Who were Horace, Virgil and Terence?

**86** Quid faciunt puerī quotiēns ē lūdō exeunt?  
What do the boys do whenever they come out of school?

**87** Quot annōs nātus est Lūcius?  
How old is Lucius?

**88** Quem salvēre iubet Lūcius?  
Whom does Lucius bid good morning?

**89** Quid accidit cum puerī in lūdō lūdunt?  
What happens when the boys play at school?

**90** Cūius gentis est Lūcius?  
Of what clan is Lucius?

**91** Quōmodo patrem Lūcī appellābat māter?  
What did his mother call the father of Lucius?

**92** Estne māior gente familia?  
Is a family larger than a clan?

**93** Quis poenās dat?  
Who pays the penalty?

**94** Quis poenās sūmit?  
Who exacts the penalty?

**95** Quot genera sunt lūdōrum?  
How many kinds of school are there?

**96** Quō aliō modō appellātur alter lūdus?  
By what other name is the second school called?

**97** Quid est praenōmen tibi?  
What is your first name?

**98** Quid est tibi nōmen?  
What is your clan name?

**99** Num habēs cōgnōmen?  
Surely you have no family name?

**100** Dīcō mē Rōmānum esse puerum.  
I say that I am a Roman boy.

**101** Sciō tē īgnōrāre.  
I know that you do not know.

**102** Intellegis mē nārrātūrum esse dē omnī meā vītā.  
You understand that I am going to tell about my whole life.

**103** Crēdō sorōrēs mox ad lūdum itūrās esse.  
I believe that my sisters will soon go to school.

**104** Sorōrēs salvēre iubeō.  
I bid my sisters good morning.

**105** Negō licēre nōbīs in lūdō lūdere.  
I deny that we are allowed to play at school.

**106** Dīcō magistrum poenās ā nōbīs herī sūmpsisse.  
I say that the master exacted a penalty from us yesterday.

**107** Putō nōs poenās crās datūrōs esse.  
I think that we shall pay the penalty tomorrow.

**108** Manifestum est nōs nōn satis didicisse.  
It is plain that we have not learnt enough.

**109** Magister dīcit puerōs esse stultōs.  
The master says that the boys are stupid.

**110** Quam sevērus est magister!  
How strict the master is!

**111** Dē quibus rēbus dīcam?  
What things shall I speak about?

**112** Quālis sum puer?  
What sort of boy am I?

**113** Quot annōs nātus sum?  
How old am I?

**114** Frequentāsne¹ lūdum?  
Do you go to school?

**115** Vīdistīne librōs meōs?  
Have you seen my books?

**116** Utrum Horātium an Vergilium māvīs?  
Which do you prefer, Horace or Virgil?

**117** Frēgistīne hanc fenestram annōn²?  
Did you break this window or not?

**118** Quis recitātūrus est?  
Who is going to recite?

**119** Didicitne pēnsum suum annōn?  
Has he learnt his lesson or not?

**120** Rogāvit mē quotā hōrā ē lectulō surrēxissem.  
He asked me at what hour I had got up out of bed.

**121** Sciō quot sorōrēs habeās.  
I know how many sisters you have.

**122** Dīxī eī quid in lūdō facerēmus.  
I told him what we used to do at school.

**123** Nescit quis hoc fēcerit.  
He does not know who did this.

**124** Certiōrem eum fēcī quando abitūrus essem.  
I informed him when I was going to leave.

**125** Certiōrēs nōs faciunt quis adventūrus sit.  
They inform us who is going to arrive.

**126** Certior fīō quālis fuerit Vergilius.  
I am informed what sort of man Virgil was.

**127** Certiōres factī sunt quot annōs nātus essem.  
They were informed how old I was.

**128** Rogāvērunt mē num fēlix essem.  
They asked me whether I was happy.

**129** Rogat nōs utrum lūdum frequentēmus necne.  
He asks us whether we go to school or not.

**130** Cūr est pater Lūcī Brundisīnus?  
Why is the father of Lucius a man of Brundisium?

**131** Cūr summō est honōre apud cīvēs Brundisīnōs?  
Why is he held in the highest honour among the citizens of Brundisium?

**132** Quid et ubi est Brundisium?  
What is Brundisium, and where is it?

**133** Ubi est domus nostra?  
Where is our house?

**134** Per quid domum intrās?  
What do you enter the house by?

**135** Quis est iānitor?  
Who is the doorkeeper?

**136** Iānuā apertā quō īmus?  
When the door has been opened, where do we go?

**137** Quid est ātrium?  
What is the atrium?

**138** Quid mediō est in ātriō?  
What is in the middle of the atrium?

**139** Ubi cēnāmus?  
Where do we dine?

**140** Quid facit magistrātus?  
What does a magistrate do?

**141** Quid est oriēns? Cūr ita nōminātur?  
What is the east? Why is it so named?

**142** Quid est occidēns? Cūr ita nōminātur?  
What is the west? Why is it so named?

**143** Quid est merīdiēs? Cūr ita nōminātur?  
What is the south? Why is it so named?

**144** Quid est septentriō? Cūr ita nōminātur?  
What is the north? Why is it so named?

**145** Cūr ita nōminātur impluvium?  
Why is the impluvium so named?

**146** Quid est compluvium?  
What is the compluvium?

**147** Quid sīgnificat vocābulum Larēs?  
What does the word Lares mean?

**148** Quid est tablīnum?  
What is the tablinum?

**149** Quid est peristȳlium?  
What is the peristyle?

**150** Cūr intrāmus triclīnium?  
Why do we go into the dining room?

**151** Cūr sedēbat iānitor in cellā?  
Why was the doorkeeper sitting in his little room?

**152** Cūr super impluvium erat nūllum tēctum?  
Why was there no roof above the impluvium?

**153** Cūr lūdum frequentās?  
Why do you go to school?

**154** Cūr iānuam pultāmus?  
Why do we knock at the door?

**155** Cūr habēbant Rōmānī impluvium in ātriō?  
Why did the Romans have an impluvium in the atrium?

**156** Cūr ante portās cellārum dormiunt servī?  
Why do the slaves sleep in front of the doors of the rooms?

**157** Cūr in lūdō numquam lūdō?  
Why do I never play at school?

**158** Cūr edimus?  
Why do we eat?

**159** Cūr discimus?  
Why do we learn?

**160** Tēctum est super domum nē pluviae in nōs cadant.  
There is a roof over the house so that the rains may not fall on us.

**161** In lūdō taceō nē magister poenās sūmat.  
At school I keep quiet so that the master may not exact a penalty.

**162** Magister puerum mīttit qui sellam quaerat.  
The master sends a boy to look for a chair.

**163** Magister nōs docet quō sapientiōrēs fīāmus.  
The master teaches us so that we may become wiser.

**164** Intrō tablīnum ut patrem inveniam.  
I go into the tablinum to find my father.

**165** In peristȳliō lateō nē quis mē invenīre possit.  
I hide in the peristyle so that no one may be able to find me.

**166** Simulō mē intellegere nē magister stultum mē esse putet.  
I pretend to understand so that the master may not think me stupid.

**167** Cibum capiō nē frāter edat.  
I take the food so that my brother may not eat it.

**168** Ē lectulō surgō nē sērus ad lūdum eam.  
I get up out of bed so that I may not come late to school.

**169** Librō inhiō quō dīligentiōrem mē esse putet magister.  
I gape at my book so that the master may think me more diligent.

**170** Amīcus advēnit ut apud nōs cēnāret.  
A friend came to dine at our house.

**171** Ante lūcem surrēxī ut sōlem orientem vidērem.  
I got up before dawn to see the sun rising.

**172** Ientāculum ēdī nē iēiūnus fierem.  
I ate my breakfast so that I might not go hungry.

**173** Manūs lāvī nē sordidae essent.  
I washed my hands so that they might not be dirty.

**174** Corpus exercēbāmus nē pinguēs essēmus.  
We used to exercise our bodies so that we might not be fat.

**175** Ad lectulōs īvērunt ut dormīrent.  
They went to their beds to sleep.

**176** Pater tablīnum intrāvit ut epistulam scrīberet.  
My father went into the tablinum to write a letter.

**177** Prīvātum habēbat conclāve nē nōs molestī eī essēmus.  
He had a private room so that we might not be a nuisance to him.

**178** Māter mīsit servum quī ātrium purgāret.  
My mother sent a slave to clean the atrium.

**179** Magister mē laudāvit quō magis discere cuperem.  
The master praised me so that I might want to learn more.

| word | gloss |
|---|---|
| appellātur | call, from appello |
| Polliō | little bit, trifle |
| dēsīgnat | mark, from designo |
| praenōmen | first name, personal name |
| cōgnōmen | surname, family |
| nōminātur | name, call, from nomino |
| Lūcius | pike |
| quoque | also |
| lectulō | couch, bed, from lectulus |
| salvēre | save, from salveo |
| sevērus | stern, strict |
| Heu | oh! ah! alas! |
| sevēritāte | strictness, severity, from severitas |
| pūnit | punish, inflict punishment, from punio |
| sīmus | flatnosed, snub-nosed |
| partim | partly, for the most part |
| habitēmus | condition, state |
| prōpositum | intention |
| magistrātibus | magistracy, civil office, from magistratus |
| Brundisīnus | brown |
| mūnicipium | township |
| duumvirī | two man board, from duumvir |
| honōre | honor, from honor |
| Brundisīnōs | brown |
| negās | deny, refuse, from nego |
| ultimō | avenge |
| angulō | angle, apex, from angulus |
| versum | toward, in the direction of |
| regiō | region, district |
| sīdera | star, from sidus |
| triōnēs | oxen used for plowing |
| Nōnnūllī | some, several |
| ursam | she-bear, from ursa |
| revertimus | turn back, go back |
| nōbiliōrēs | well known, noble, from nobilis |
| pultās | knock, strike, from pulto |
| iānitor | doorkeeper, porter, from janitor |
| intus | within, on the inside |
| reserat | open up, unseal, from resero |
| vēstibulum | entrance, court |
| ātrium | atrium, reception hall in a |
| aula | hall |
| impluvium | basin in atrium floor to |
| nōminātum | naming, from nominatus |
| compluvium | inward-sloping central roof |
| Larēs | gull |
| cellīs | storeroom, cellar, from cella |
| tablīnum | terrace |
| prīvātum | private citizen, from privatus |
| conclāve | room, chamber |
| bīnae | two by two, from bini |
| faucēs | pharynx, gullet |
| peristȳlium | inner courtyard lined with rows |
| adiūnctum | add, attach, from adjungo |
| immemorem | forgetful, from immemor |
| attentō | attack, assail |
| istīc | there, over there |
| genera | kind, variety, from genus |
| lūdōrum | game, play, from ludor |
| Manifestum | detected, plainly guilty, from manifestus |
| Frequentāsne¹ | frequent, from frequento |
| Frēgistīne | break, shatter |
| annōn² | can it be that |
| Didicitne | learn |
| adventūrus | arrival, approach |
| fēlix | happy |
| necne | nor |
| pultāmus | knock, strike |
| taceō | be silent |
| quaerat | ask, inquire, from quaero |
| sapientiōrēs | taste of, from sapio |
| Simulō | imitate, copy |
| sērus | late |
| inhiō | gape, be open mouthed with |
| dīligentiōrem | careful, from diligens |
| Ientāculum | breakfast, from jentaculum |
| ēdī | Haedui, also Aedui, from haedus |
| iēiūnus | fasting, abstinent, from jejunus |
| lāvī | wash, bathe, from lavo |
| exercēbāmus | exercise, train |
| pinguēs | fat, from pinguis |
| molestī | troublesome, annoying, from molestus |
| purgāret | make clean, cleanse, from purgo |

## Lūdus (Puer Rōmānus 2)

**180** Scīsne quid sit lūdus?  
Do you know what a school is?

**181** Nōnne tū quoque lūdum frequentās?  
Surely you too go to school?

**182** Locus est, in quō lītterās discimus.  
It is a place in which we learn our letters.

**183** Propriē nōminātur lūdus lītterārius.  
Properly it is called a school of letters.

**184** Aliī enim sunt lūdī; saltātōrius, ubi discunt saltāre, gladiātōrius, ubi gladiātōrēs pūgnāre discunt.  
For there are other schools: a dancing school, where they learn to dance, and a gladiators' school, where gladiators learn to fight.

**185** Nōs tamen, ego et amīcī meī, lūdum frequentāmus ut discāmus lītterās.  
We, though, my friends and I, go to school to learn our letters.

**186** Ante lūcem lūdum petimus, loculīs lacertō sinistrō suspēnsīs, et servō vel paedagōgō comitante.  
Before daylight we make for the school, with our satchels slung from the left arm and a slave or tutor going with us.

**187** Ōlim puer quīdam ad portam lūdī hōs cecinit versiculōs:—  
Once a certain boy chanted these little verses at the school gate:

**188** Quid tibi nōbīscum est, lūdī scelerāte magister,  
What have you to do with us, you wicked schoolmaster,

**189** invīsum puerīs virginibusque caput?  
a creature hated by boys and girls alike?

**190** Heu! audit magister ipse.  
Alas, the master himself hears.

**191** Statim alterum iubet in umerōs eum sublevāre, alterum pedēs retinēre, dum ipse virgīs caedit.  
At once he orders one boy to lift him on to his shoulders and another to hold his feet, while he himself beats him with rods.

**192** Ego taceō, nē in mē quoque saeviat.  
I keep quiet, so that he may not rage against me too.

**193** Ō crūdēlem magistrum!  
What a cruel master!

**194** Nōn male Horātius magistrum suum dīxit esse ‘plāgōsum’.  
Horace was not wrong to call his own master 'the flogger'.

**195** Quot plāgās, quot verbera patī cōgimur!  
How many blows, how many beatings we are forced to suffer!

**196** Magister in cathedrā solet sedēre, nōs circum eum sedēmus.  
The master usually sits in a chair, and we sit round him.

**197** Ē parietibus dēpendent tabulae; nōn procul in angulō stant capsae, in quibus librī poētārum servantur.  
Maps hang from the walls; not far off, in a corner, stand the cases in which the books of the poets are kept.

**198** Nōs discipulī dextrā tenēmus calamum, sinistrā aut papȳrum aut tabulam cērātam, quam in genū dēpōnimus ut scrībāmus.  
We pupils hold a pen in the right hand and in the left either a sheet of papyrus or a waxed tablet, which we rest on the knee in order to write.

**199** Discimus scrībere, recitāre, ratiōnēs dūcere.  
We learn to write, to recite, and to do sums.

**200** Iam lītterās Graecās et Latīnās ā grammaticō didicimus; mox ā rhētore discam artem rhētoricam.  
We have already learnt Greek and Latin letters from the grammarian; soon I shall learn the art of rhetoric from the teacher of rhetoric.

**201** Plērumque poētās recitāmus, praesertim Horātium et Vergilium.  
For the most part we recite the poets, especially Horace and Virgil.

**202** At scrīptōrēs rērum nōn omīttimus.  
But we do not leave out the historians.

**203** Ōlim magister praeclāram nōbīs recitāvit historiam, quam ego iterum recitābō.  
Once the master read us out a famous story, which I shall tell over again.

**204** Quid est lūdus lītterārius?  
What is a school of letters?

**205** Quālēs aliī sunt lūdī?  
What other kinds of school are there?

**206** Quid gerimus cum lūdum frequentāmus?  
What do we carry when we go to school?

**207** Quis nōs comitātur?  
Who goes with us?

**208** Quid extrā lūdum fēcit scelerātus ille puer?  
What did that wicked boy do outside the school?

**209** Quid nōs facere iūssit magister?  
What did the master order us to do?

**210** Cūr ego tacēbam?  
Why was I keeping quiet?

**211** Cūr appellāvit Horātius magistrum suum ‘plāgōsum’?  
Why did Horace call his master 'the flogger'?

**212** Ubi stant capsae? quid continent?  
Where do the cases stand? What do they hold?

**213** Quālēs scrīptōrēs recitāmus in lūdō?  
What sort of writers do we recite at school?

**214** Quālis est paedagōgus?  
What sort of person is a paedagogus?

**215** Quālis sella est cathedra?  
What sort of seat is a cathedra?

**216** Quālis tabula est tabula cērāta?  
What sort of tablet is a waxed tablet?

**217** Quālis homo ratiōnēs dūcit?  
What sort of person does sums?

**218** Quid docet grammaticus?  
What does a grammarian teach?

**219** Quid docet rhētor?  
What does a teacher of rhetoric teach?

**220** Quālis scrīptor versiculōs scrībit?  
What sort of writer writes little verses?

**221** Quālis scrīptor historiās scrībit?  
What sort of writer writes histories?

**222** Quae pars corporis est umerus?  
What part of the body is the shoulder?

**223** Quid est virga?  
What is a rod?

| word | gloss |
|---|---|
| lītterārius | literary |
| saltātōrius | dancing- |
| saltāre | dance, jump, from salto |
| gladiātōrius | gladiatorial |
| frequentāmus | frequent |
| lacertō | lizard, from lacertus |
| suspēnsīs | hang up, suspend, from suspendo |
| paedagōgō | slave, who accompanied children to, from paedagogus |
| versiculōs | verse, from versiculus |
| scelerāte | defile, from scelero |
| invīsum | hateful, detested, from invisus |
| virginibusque | husband of virgin bride |
| sublevāre | lift up, raise, from sublevo |
| retinēre | hold back, restrain, from retineo |
| virgīs | twig, sprout, from virga |
| saeviat | rage, from saevio |
| plāgōsum | fond of flogging, from plagosus |
| plāgās | stroke, from plaga |
| cōgimur | collect, from cogo |
| cathedrā | armchair, easy chair |
| solet | solace, console, from soleo |
| parietibus | wall, house wall, from paries |
| dēpendent | pay over, from dependeo |
| capsae | cylindrical case, bookcase, from capsa |
| calamum | reed, cane, from calamus |
| papȳrum | papyrus, the plant |
| cērātam | smear, from cero |
| ratiōnēs | account, reckoning, from ratio |
| grammaticō | grammatical, of grammar, from grammaticus |
| rhētore | teacher of public speaking, rhetorician, from rhetor |
| rhētoricam | rhetoric, from rhetorica |
| praesertim | especially, chiefly |
| omīttimus | lay aside, from omitto |
| praeclāram | very clear, from praeclarus |
| continent | hold together, hem in, from contineo |
| cērāta | ointment made with oil and, from ceratum |

## Dē mīlite fortissimō sed īgnōtō (Puer Rōmānus 3)

**224** Imperātor Poenus in terrā Siciliā bellō Carthāginiēnsī prīmō contrā Rōmānōs pūgnāns locōs idōneōs prior occupat.  
In the first Carthaginian war a Carthaginian general, fighting against the Romans in the land of Sicily, seizes the favourable ground first.

**225** Mīlitēs Rōmānī summā cum difficultāte ad locum pergunt perīculōsum et īnsidiīs obnoxium.  
The Roman soldiers make their way with the greatest difficulty to a place that is dangerous and open to ambush.

**226** Tribūnus quīdam ad cōnsulem venit ostenditque cito omnēs esse peritūrōs.  
A certain tribune comes to the consul and shows that they will all quickly perish.

**227** ‘Imperā’ inquit, ‘sī rem servāre vīs, ut quadringentī aliquī mīlitēs ad montem illum eant atque occupent.  
'Give the order,' he says, 'if you want to save the situation, that some four hundred soldiers go to that mountain and seize it.

**228** Hostēs ubi vīderint, fortissimus quisque in illōs praevertētur, atque illī sine dubiō quadringentī occīdentur.  
When the enemy see them, every bravest man among them will turn against them, and those four hundred will without doubt be killed.

**229** Sed occupātīs hostibus in eā caede, exercitum ex hōc locō ēdūcere poteris.  
But while the enemy are busy with that slaughter, you will be able to lead the army out of this place.

**230** Alia via salūtis nūlla est.’  
There is no other road to safety.'

**231** ‘Sed istōs,’ inquit, ‘quadringentōs ad eum locum quisnam erit quī dūcat?’  
'But those four hundred,' he says, 'who will there be to lead them to that place?'

**232** ‘Sī alium,’ inquit tribūnus, ‘nēminem habēs, ego dūcam.  
'If you have no one else,' says the tribune, 'I shall lead them.

**233** Hanc meam tibi et reīpūblicae animam dō.’  
This life of mine I give to you and to the state.'

**234** Cōnsul tribūnō grātiās agit; tribūnus et quadringentī proficīscuntur.  
The consul thanks the tribune; the tribune and the four hundred set out.

**235** Locō occupātō Rōmānī mīlitēs circumveniuntur, circumventī repūgnant.  
When the place has been seized the Roman soldiers are surrounded, and surrounded they fight back.

**236** Intereā cōnsul Rōmānum exercitum in locōs tūtōs subdūcit.  
Meanwhile the consul withdraws the Roman army into safe ground.

**237** Dī immortālēs tribūnō mīlitum dīgnam dedērunt fortūnam.  
The immortal gods gave the tribune of the soldiers a fortune worthy of him.

**238** Nam multīs volneribus saucius inter mortuōs cōgnitus est.  
For he was recognized among the dead, wounded with many wounds.

**239** Convaluit, et saepe posteā reīpūblicae serviit.  
He recovered, and often afterwards served the state.

**240** Multī aliī bene dē rēpūblicā meritī sīgnīs, statuīs, monumentīs ob virtūtem decorantur; illīus tribūnī haud minor est laus; nē nōmen quidem usque ad nōs permānsit.  
Many others who have deserved well of the state are honoured for their courage with badges, statues and monuments; that tribune's praise is no less; yet not even his name has lasted down to us.

**241** Quis prior locōs idōneōs occupat? Quando?  
Who seizes the favourable ground first? When?

**242** Quālem ad locum pergunt Rōmānī?  
To what sort of place do the Romans make their way?

**243** Quid ostendit tribūnus?  
What does the tribune show?

**244** Quis dūcit quadringentōs?  
Who leads the four hundred?

**245** Num periit tribūnus?  
Surely the tribune did not die?

**246** Scīsne nōmen tribūnī?  
Do you know the tribune's name?

**247** Quid cōnsulī dīxit tribūnus? Verte per ōrātiōnem oblīquam.  
What did the tribune say to the consul? Turn it into indirect speech.

**248** Quōmodo mortem effūgērunt Rōmānī?  
How did the Romans escape death?

**249** Quāle monumentum habet tribūnus?  
What sort of monument has the tribune?

**250** Quid sīgnificat tribūnus?  
What does the word tribune mean?

**251** Aliter exprime sīgnum.  
Express the word badge in another way.

| word | gloss |
|---|---|
| Poenus | Carthaginian, Punic |
| Carthāginiēnsī | of, Carthaginian, from Carthaginiensis |
| idōneōs | suitable, appropriate, from idoneus |
| occupat | seize, take possession of, from occupo |
| difficultāte | difficulty, from difficultas |
| īnsidiīs | ambush, from insidiae |
| obnoxium | liable, from obnoxius |
| peritūrōs | die, pass away, from pereo |
| praevertētur | anticipate |
| dubiō | doubtful, from dubius |
| caede | slaughter, from caedes |
| quisnam | who |
| reīpūblicae | the commonwealth, the state, from rēspūblica |
| animam | soul, spirit, from anima |
| circumveniuntur | encircle, surround, from circumvenio |
| repūgnant | fight back, oppose, from repugno |
| subdūcit | lead up, carry off, from subduco |
| immortālēs | immortal, god |
| fortūnam | fortune, from fortuna |
| saucius | wounded |
| Convaluit | grow strong, from convalesco |
| meritī | merit, service, from meritum |
| monumentīs | reminder, from monumentum |
| ob | on account of |
| decorantur | adorn, embellish, from decoro |
| usque | all the way, right on |
| permānsit | flow through, from permaneo |
| oblīquam | slanting, from obliquus |
| mortem | death, from mors |
| Aliter | otherwise, differently |
| exprime | squeeze, squeeze, from exprimo |

## Cēna (Puer Rōmānus 4)

**252** Herī pater meus amīcōs suōs ad cēnam vocāvit.  
Yesterday my father invited his friends to dinner.

**253** Nōnā hōrā adveniunt convīvae, in quibus erant senātōrēs duo Rōmānī, et ipse cōnsul, vir summae dīgnitātis.  
At the ninth hour the guests arrive, among them two Roman senators and the consul himself, a man of the highest rank.

**254** Omnēs ā servīs dēdūcuntur in ātrium; illinc in triclīnium, ubi cēnātur.  
They are all led by slaves into the atrium, and from there into the dining room, where dinner is taken.

**255** Ego tamen nōn comitor convīvās; quam vellem cēnae adfuissem!  
I, though, do not go with the guests; how I wish I had been there at the dinner!

**256** Sed puerīs in triclīniō nūllus est locus; virīs sōlum cēnae illae splendidae parārī solent.  
But there is no place for boys in the dining room; those splendid dinners are usually prepared for men alone.

**257** Prōmīsit tamen mihi pater mē mēnsīs secundīs adfore ut aliquid ex poētīs dēclāmārem.  
My father promised me, however, that I should be there for the dessert, to declaim something out of the poets.

**258** Multa enim et pulchra didicī carmina.  
For I have learnt many fine poems.

**259** Prīmum mēnsīs impositus est gustus, quō magis edere cuperent convīvae.  
First a starter was set on the table, to make the guests keener to eat.

**260** Deinde (rēcta enim erat cēna) multa alia īnferuntur fercula, ut piscēs, capōnēs, aper; neque aberant lactūca, brassica, pānis.  
Then (for it was a full dinner) many other dishes are brought in, such as fish, capons, wild boar; nor was there any lack of lettuce, cabbage and bread.

**261** Quibus omnibus cōnsūmptīs, continuō secundae mēnsae appōnuntur.  
When all this has been eaten up, the second tables are set out at once.

**262** Nunc tandem mē petit servus et ut carmen dēclāmem intrōdūcit.  
Now at last a slave comes for me and brings me in to declaim my poem.

**263** Statim sequor nōn sine spē praemiī; carmine enim recitātō quis praemium mihi neget?  
I follow at once, not without hope of a reward; for when the poem has been recited, who would refuse me a reward?

**264** Ingrēssus triclīnium vīdī convīvās ōrdine positōs.  
When I had entered the dining room I saw the guests placed in order.

**265** Trēs erant lectī, quōs ita dispositōs vīdī:—Medium, summum ad dextram, īmum ad sinistram.  
There were three couches, which I saw arranged like this: the middle one, the top one on the right, the bottom one on the left.

**266** In ūnō quōque lectō trēs convīvae accumbēbant, quōs ita ā dextrā numerō:—summī lectī summum medium īmum; mediī lectī summum medium īmum; īmī lectī summum medium īmum.  
On each single couch three guests were reclining, whom I count from the right like this: of the top couch the top, middle and bottom place; of the middle couch the top, middle and bottom place; of the bottom couch the top, middle and bottom place.

**267** Hīs vīsīs convīvās salūtō, salūtātīsque prope iānuam stō et patris iūssa exspectō.  
Having seen this I greet the guests, and when I have greeted them I stand near the door and wait for my father's orders.

**268** Ille cum rīsū exclāmat ‘Ēn dēclāmātor noster!  
He calls out with a laugh, 'Here is our declaimer!

**269** Recitā nōbīs aliquid, mī Lūcī; nam magister tuus dīcit tē optimē dēclāmāre posse’.  
Recite us something, my dear Lucius; for your master says that you can declaim extremely well.'

**270** Hōc dictō omnēs in mē oculōs convertunt, et ego carmen Catullī haud īgnōtum recitō.  
At these words they all turn their eyes on me, and I recite a poem of Catullus that is well known.

**271** Scīs dē quō Catullus loquātur; dē Lesbiae passere.  
You know what Catullus is speaking of: of Lesbia's sparrow.

**272** Lūgēte, ō Venerēs Cupīdinēsque;  
Mourn, you Venuses and Cupids;

**273** passer mortuus est meae puellae,  
my girl's sparrow is dead,

**274** passer, dēliciae meae puellae,  
the sparrow, my girl's darling,

**275** quem plūs illa oculīs suīs amābat:  
whom she loved more than her own eyes:

**276** nam mellītus erat suamque nōrat  
for he was sweet as honey, and knew his own

**277** ipsam tam bene quam puella mātrem.  
mistress as well as a girl knows her mother.

**278** nec sēsē ā gremiō illius movēbat,  
Nor would he stir from her lap,

**279** sed circumsiliēns modo hūc, modo illūc,  
but hopping about now this way, now that,

**280** ad sōlam dominam usque pīpilābat.  
he would chirp on and on to his mistress alone.

**281** quī nunc it per iter tenebricōsum  
Now he goes along the dark road

**282** illūc, unde negant redīre quemquam.  
to that place from which they say no one comes back.

**283** at vōbīs male sit, malae tenebrae  
But bad luck to you, wicked shades

**284** Orcī, quae omnia bella dēvorātis:  
of Orcus, that devour all pretty things:

**285** tam bellum mihi passerem abstulistis.  
you have taken so pretty a sparrow away from me.

**286** vae factum male! vae miselle passer,  
Oh, the pity of it! Oh, poor little sparrow!

**287** tuā nunc operā meae puellae  
It is your doing that my girl's

**288** flendō turgidulī rubent ocellī.  
little eyes are red and swollen with weeping.

**289** Ad haec omnēs, ‘Optimē’ clāmant, ‘dēclāmās.’  
At this they all shout, 'You declaim splendidly.'

**290** Et convīva quīdam ‘Putō’, inquit, ‘istum puerum, Cornēlī, poētam ipsum futūrum esse.  
And one of the guests says, 'I think, Cornelius, that this boy of yours will be a poet himself.

**291** At aliud dēclāmet, precor: dulcī enim vōce est praeditus.’  
But let him declaim something else, I beg: for he is gifted with a sweet voice.'

**292** Hīs laudibus arrēctus, illud quoque carmen dēclāmō.  
Roused by this praise, I declaim that other poem as well.

**293** Issa est passere nēquior Catullī,  
Issa is naughtier than Catullus' sparrow,

**294** Issa est pūrior ōsculō columbae,  
Issa is purer than a dove's kiss,

**295** Issa est blandior omnibus puellīs,  
Issa is more coaxing than any girl,

**296** Issa est cārior Indicīs lapillīs,  
Issa is dearer than Indian jewels,

**297** Issa est dēliciae catella Pūblī.  
Issa is the little dog that is Publius' darling.

**298** hanc tū, sī queritur, loquī putābis:  
If she whimpers, you will think she is speaking:

**299** sentit trīstitiamque gaudiumque.  
she feels both sorrow and joy.

**300** collō nīxa cubat capitque somnōs,  
She lies resting on his neck and takes her sleep,

**301** ut suspīria nūlla sentiantur.  
so that not a breath of her is heard.

**302** hanc nē lūx rapiat suprēma tōtam,  
So that her last day may not carry her wholly away,

**303** pictā Pūblius exprimit tabellā,  
Publius sets her out in a painted picture,

**304** in quā tam similem vidēbis Issam,  
in which you will see an Issa so like her

**305** ut sit tam similis sibī nec ipsa.  
that not even Issa herself is so like herself.

**306** Issam dēnique pōne cum tabellā:  
In short, put Issa beside the picture:

**307** aut utramque putābis esse vēram,  
either you will think both of them real,

**308** aut utramque putābis esse pictam.  
or you will think both of them painted.

**309** Iterum plaudunt omnēs, negant tamen sē scīre ā quō carmen scrīptum sit.  
Again they all applaud, but they say they do not know who wrote the poem.

**310** Rogant num Mārtiālis sit carmen.  
They ask whether the poem is by Martial.

**311** Ego āiō; tum crustulīs aliīsque dēlectāmentīs onerātus exeō.  
I say it is; then I go out loaded with cakes and other good things.

**312** Quando adveniunt vocātī?  
When do the invited guests arrive?

**313** Quī dēdūcunt eōs?  
Who leads them in?

**314** Quō dēdūcunt?  
Where do they lead them?

**315** Quibus parantur cēnae?  
For whom are the dinners prepared?

**316** Quid prōmīsit pater?  
What did the father promise?

**317** Quō cōnsiliō posteā adfuī?  
For what purpose was I there afterwards?

**318** Ēnumerā fercula.  
List the dishes.

**319** Quando secundae appōnuntur mēnsae?  
When are the second tables set out?

**320** Quō animō servum sequor?  
In what frame of mind do I follow the slave?

**321** Quid vīdī triclīnium ingrēssus?  
What did I see when I had entered the dining room?

**322** Quō ōrdine dispositī sunt lectī?  
In what order were the couches arranged?

**323** Salūtātīs convīvīs quid faciō?  
When I have greeted the guests, what do I do?

**324** Cūius carmen dēclāmō?  
Whose poem do I declaim?

**325** Quantō opere amābat passerem Lesbia?  
How much did Lesbia love the sparrow?

**326** Quid faciēbat passer?  
What did the sparrow do?

**327** Quō abiit passer?  
Where did the sparrow go?

**328** Cūr rubent puellae oculī?  
Why are the girl's eyes red?

**329** Quōmodo carmen dēclāmāvī?  
How did I declaim the poem?

**330** Cūius carmen posteā recitō?  
Whose poem do I recite afterwards?

**331** Quis erat Issa?  
Who was Issa?

**332** Quālis erat Issa?  
What was Issa like?

**333** Quid putābis sī queritur Issa?  
What will you think if Issa whimpers?

**334** Quō cōnsiliō pictā tabellā Pūblius Issam exprimit?  
For what purpose does Publius set Issa out in a painted picture?

**335** Quid rogant convīvae?  
What do the guests ask?

**336** Quāle praemium accipiō?  
What sort of reward do I get?

**337** Expōne quō ōrdine edenda appōnantur.  
Explain in what order the food is served.

**338** Dēscrībe triclīnium et lectōs.  
Describe the dining room and the couches.

**339** Dēscrībe Lesbiae passerem.  
Describe Lesbia's sparrow.

**340** Quōmodo cōgnōscere possumus Issae similem esse tabellam?  
How can we tell that the picture is like Issa?

**341** Quid facere solēmus in triclīniō? Quid in ātriō?  
What do we usually do in the dining room? What in the atrium?

**342** Cūr secundae mēnsae ita appellantur?  
Why are the second tables so called?

**343** Quis erat Orcus?  
Who was Orcus?

**344** Quid sīgnificat catella?  
What does catella mean?

| word | gloss |
|---|---|
| convīvae | guest, table companion, from conviva |
| dīgnitātis | worth, excellence, from dignitas |
| dēdūcuntur | lead, from deduco |
| illinc | there, in that place |
| comitor | accompany, go along with |
| sōlum | alone, only |
| Prōmīsit | promise, from promitto |
| dēclāmārem | declaim, make speeches |
| impositus | impose, put upon, from impono |
| gustus | tasting, appetite |
| rēcta | virtue, from rectum |
| īnferuntur | bring, import, from infero |
| fercula | food tray, from ferculum |
| capōnēs | capon |
| lactūca | lettuce |
| brassica | cabbage |
| cōnsūmptīs | burn up, destroy, from consumo |
| continuō | immediately, forthwith |
| appōnuntur | place near, set before, from appono |
| dēclāmem | declaim, make speeches, from declamo |
| intrōdūcit | introduce, bring, from introduco |
| spē | hope, from spes |
| ōrdine | row, rank, from ordo |
| lectī | chosen, from lectum |
| dispositōs | rich, from dispositus |
| numerō:—summī | number, from numerus |
| mediī | mediator, from medium |
| vīsīs | strength, force, from visum |
| rīsū | laughter, from risus |
| Ēn | behold! see! lo! here! hey! |
| dēclāmātor | one who composes |
| dictō | words, from dictum |
| convertunt | turn upside down, from converto |
| passere | sparrow, from passer |
| Lūgēte | mourn, grieve, from lugeo |
| Cupīdinēsque | Cupid, son of Venus, from Cupido |
| dēliciae | favorite |
| mellītus | sweetened with honey |
| gremiō | firewood, from gremium |
| circumsiliēns | leap, from circumsilio |
| pīpilābat | twitter, chirp |
| tenebricōsum | dark, from tenebricosus |
| quemquam | anyone, from quisquam |
| tenebrae | darkness, obscurity |
| Orcī | pot or jar with a, from Orcus |
| dēvorātis | devour, consume, from devoro |
| vae | alas, woe |
| miselle | poor, wretched, from misellus |
| operā | work, care |
| flendō | breathe, from fleo |
| turgidulī | swollen, from turgidulus |
| rubent | be red, become red, from rubeo |
| ocellī | eye, from ocellus |
| futūrum | about to be, from futurus |
| praeditus | gifted |
| arrēctus | set upright, tilt upwards, from arrigo |
| nēquior | wicked, from nequam |
| ōsculō | kiss |
| blandior | flatter, delude |
| cārior | dear, from carus |
| Indicīs | hand, from Indicum |
| lapillīs | little stone, pebble, from lapillus |
| catella | puppy, young |
| queritur | complain, from queror |
| sentit | perceive, feel, from sentio |
| trīstitiamque | sadness |
| nīxa | shine, glitter, from nitor |
| cubat | lie, from cubo |
| suspīria | deep breath, sigh, from suspirium |
| rapiat | drag off, from rapio |
| suprēma | funeral rites or offerings |
| similem | like, similar, from similis |
| pōne | behind |
| utramque | each of two, each, from uterque |
| vēram | true, real, from verus |
| Mārtiālis | of or belonging to Mars |
| āiō | say |
| crustulīs | little rind, from crustula |
| dēlectāmentīs | delight, amusement, from delectamentum |
| Ēnumerā | count up, pay out, from enumero |
| dēclāmāvī | declaim, make speeches |
| appōnantur | place near, set before |

## Iter (Puer Rōmānus 5)

**345** Brundisium relīquimus; nunc Rōmae habitāmus.  
We have left Brundisium; now we live at Rome.

**346** Quantulā sententiā quantam rērum mūtātiōnem comprehendī! sed īdem ego sum quī anteā; īdem Rōmae sum quī Brundisiī eram.  
In how small a sentence I have taken in how great a change of things! But I am the same man I was before; I am the same at Rome as I was at Brundisium.

**347** Quid enim dīcit Horātius?  
For what does Horace say?

**348** Caelum nōn animum mūtant quī trāns mare currunt.  
They change their sky, not their mind, who run across the sea.

**349** Scīlicet pater meus Rōmam ā Caesare arcessītus est; intrā trīduum imperātum est ut proficīscerētur.  
My father, you see, was summoned to Rome by Caesar; he was ordered to set out within three days.

**350** Relinquendum erat Brundisium, domus relinquenda dē quā dīcēbam, iter longum faciendum.  
Brundisium had to be left behind, the house I was telling you about had to be left, a long journey had to be made.

**351** Summā celeritāte impedīmenta collēgimus, collēctīsque discessimus, aliī rēdīs vectī, aliī equīs; impedīmenta autem servī mūlīs imposuērunt.  
With the greatest speed we gathered our baggage, and when it was gathered we set off, some riding in carriages, some on horses; the slaves loaded the baggage on mules.

**352** Mūlī enim clītellās portant, in quibus repōnimus impedīmenta.  
For mules carry pack-saddles, in which we stow the baggage.

**353** Longum est iter Brundisiō Rōmam; dīstant enim inter sē mīlia passuum trecenta quīnquāgintā septem.  
It is a long journey from Brundisium to Rome, for they are three hundred and fifty-seven miles apart.

**354** Hoc est iter diērum quīndecim sēdecimve.  
That is a journey of fifteen or sixteen days.

**355** Cottīdiē autem sub noctem ad dēversōrium aliquod dēvertimus ut pernoctēmus.  
Every day towards nightfall we turn aside to some inn to spend the night.

**356** Quot loca nova adiī, quot dēversōria! et in ūnō quōque dēversōriō est caupō, alius benīgnus, alius malīgnus.  
How many new places I came to, how many inns! And in each single inn there is an innkeeper, one kind, another mean.

**357** Advenientēs excipiunt, abeuntēs dīmīttunt, nōn sine rixā aliquandō.  
They take in those who arrive and send off those who leave, sometimes not without a quarrel.

**358** Prīmum iter est imbribus corrumptum; unde factum est ut lutō morātī fessīque Rubōs post quadrīduum dēmum pervēnerimus.  
The first part of the journey was spoilt by rain; and so it came about that, held up by the mud and tired out, we only reached Rubi after four days.

**359** Postrīdiē Canusium vectī sumus, ubi pānis quam māximē est lapidōsus.  
The next day we rode to Canusium, where the bread is as gritty as can be.

**360** Inter pānem illum et lapidem vix quicquam interest.  
There is hardly any difference between that bread and a stone.

**361** Aliter autem rēs sē habet in eō oppidulō, ad quod sextō diē pervēnimus, cūius nōmen memoriā excidit; hīc enim pānis est pulcherrimus, sed aqua, rērum vīlissima, pretiō vēnit.  
It is otherwise in the little town we reached on the sixth day, whose name has slipped my memory; for here the bread is very good, but water, the cheapest of things, is sold for a price.

**362** Hīc quoque mūlī clītellīs līberantur, et ad dēversōrium dēvertimus, ut aliquantulum requiēscerēmus.  
Here too the mules are freed of their pack-saddles, and we turn aside to an inn to rest a little.

**363** Ego et frāter lūsum īmus, pater et māter dormītum.  
My brother and I go off to play, my father and mother to sleep.

**364** Semper equidem mīror, quam ob rem hominēs adultī tantō opere ament somnōs.  
I always wonder, for my part, why grown-up people are so fond of sleep.

**365** Quantō enim melior est lūsus!  
For how much better is play!

**366** Posterō diē Trivīcum advēnimus, ubi nūllum erat dēversōrium, sed vīlla cūiusdam amīcī nōs excēpit.  
The next day we came to Trivicum, where there was no inn, but the country house of a friend took us in.

**367** Deinde per montēs rēctā viā Beneventum vēnimus.  
Then we came through the mountains by the straight road to Beneventum.

**368** Hic locus dīgnum sē nōmine suō propriō dēmōnstrāvit.  
This place showed itself worthy of its own proper name.

**369** Est enim nōmen ēius rē vērā fātāle et inauspicātum Maleventum, et nōs rē vērā malō sumus ventō oppositī.  
For its name is in truth the fatal and ill-omened Maleventum, and we in truth met with an ill wind.

**370** Nempe hospes noster in dēversōriō cēnam nōbīs sēdulō in culīnā parābat; turdōs pinguissimōs in īgnī versābat; subitō malus ille ventus corripuit flammam, flamma per veterem culīnam dēlāpsa summum tēctum lambere properābat, et ipse hospes paene ārsit.  
Our host at the inn was busily preparing dinner for us in the kitchen; he was turning very fat thrushes on the fire; suddenly that ill wind caught up the flame, the flame slipped through the old kitchen and was hurrying to lick the top of the roof, and the host himself was almost burnt.

**371** Turbātur per domum, clāmātur, ululātur.  
There is an uproar all through the house, there is shouting, there is howling.

**372** Convīvae avidī rapere cēnam ex perīculō, servī aquam afferre ad flammās exstinguendās, nōs rīdēre omnia.  
The guests eagerly snatched the dinner out of danger, the slaves brought water to put out the flames, and we laughed at it all.

**373** Cēnam ēdimus sēmiūstam.  
We ate our dinner half burnt.

**374** Post haec Capuam pervēnimus, ubi lūsum iimus ego et frāter; pilā lūsimus tōtā hōrā.  
After this we reached Capua, where my brother and I went off to play; we played ball for a whole hour.

**375** Pilā lūdimus hōc modō.  
We play ball in this way.

**376** Stant in tribus angulīs trēs lūsōrēs, quōrum ūnus quisque pilam tenet; pilāsque quō quisque volt mīttunt.  
Three players stand in three corners, each one of them holding a ball; and they throw the balls wherever each one wishes.

**377** Ubi lāpsa ex manibus cadit pila, vitium est.  
When the ball slips from the hands and falls, that is a fault.

**378** Perītiōrēs lūdendī et dextrā et laevā excipere possunt, sed quis potest ūnā trēs excipere?  
Those who are better at the game can catch with the right hand and with the left, but who can catch three at once?

**379** Id quod et mihi accidit.  
Which is just what happened to me.

**380** Ūnam enim dextrā excēpī, alteram laevā, tertia medium nāsum contigit; unde factum est ut et sanguis efflūxerit, et fīnis lūdī sit factus.  
For I caught one with my right hand and another with my left, and the third hit me in the middle of the nose; and so it came about that the blood flowed and the game came to an end.

**381** Ubi postrīdiē iter iterum incēpimus, pater meus, homo doctissimus, multa dē Hannibale nōbīs disseruit; id quod et mihi et frātrī valdē displicuit; num enim rēda lūdus lītterārius?  
When we began the journey again the next day, my father, a very learned man, discoursed to us at length about Hannibal; which displeased my brother and me very much; for surely a carriage is not a school of letters?

**382** Num pater Orbilius ille, cūius ferulae manum subdūxit Horātius?  
Surely my father is not that Orbilius, from whose cane Horace pulled his hand away?

**383** Quippe nōs digitīs micāre cupiēbāmus, ille autem semper dē Hannibale.  
We wanted to play at odds and evens on our fingers, while he went on about Hannibal.

**384** Quid ad nōs Hannibal?  
What is Hannibal to us?

**385** Quid sī ūnam hiemem Capuae trīvit, quid sī mīlitēs ēius mollēs factī sunt luxuriā?  
What if he wasted one winter at Capua, what if his soldiers were made soft by luxury?

**386** Quid sī vīcit eum Q. Fabius Māximus cūnctātor?  
What if Quintus Fabius Maximus the Delayer beat him?

**387** In discendō nōs quoque cūnctātōrēs sumus.  
In learning we too are delayers.

**388** Sī ille cūnctandō restituit rem pūblicam, nōs cūnctandō vincimus ipsum cūnctātōrem.  
If he restored the state by delaying, we by delaying beat the Delayer himself.

**389** Ubi fīnis docendī est factus, iam licuit digitīs micāre.  
When the teaching was over, we were allowed at last to play at odds and evens.

**390** Lūdimus hōc modō.  
We play in this way.

**391** Alter subitō manum ērigit, ērēctāque manū digitōs aliquot modo extendit modo comprimit; alterius est dīcere quot digitōs extenderit.  
One player suddenly raises his hand, and with his hand raised now stretches out some of his fingers and now closes them; it is for the other to say how many fingers he has stretched out.

**392** Hōc diē nōs itineris pertaesum est propter Hannibalem.  
On this day we grew sick of the journey because of Hannibal.

**393** Deinde viā Appiā per Sinuessam, ubi prīmum vīdimus mare Tyrrhēnum, tendimus Formiās, mox per ōram maritimam, dēnique tendimus Fundōs, ubi noctem perēgimus.  
Then by the Appian Way through Sinuessa, where we first saw the Tyrrhenian sea, we make for Formiae, soon along the coast, and at last we make for Fundi, where we spent the night.

**394** Fundīs ā praefectō salūtātī sumus, homine (ut vidēbātur) īnsānō; nam ita glōriōsus erat ut speciem praetōris prae sē ferret.  
At Fundi we were greeted by the prefect, a man (so it seemed) out of his mind; for he was so full of himself that he gave himself the airs of a praetor.

**395** Fundī enim praefectūra est, nōn mūnicipium; ille autem nōmen praetōris sibi arrogāvit.  
For Fundi is a prefecture, not a township; but he had claimed the title of praetor for himself.

**396** Aderat igitur togā praetextā et lātō clāvō indūtus.  
So he appeared dressed in a bordered toga and a broad purple stripe.

**397** Ō rem rīdiculam!  
What a ridiculous business!

**398** Ō hominem vānum!  
What an empty-headed man!

**399** Brundisiō relictō ubi habitāmus?  
Now that Brundisium has been left, where do we live?

**400** Quid dīcit Horātius dē eīs quī iter faciunt?  
What does Horace say about those who travel?

**401** Cūr Rōmam profectī sumus?  
Why did we set out for Rome?

**402** Quōmodo portāvimus impedīmenta?  
How did we carry the baggage?

**403** Quantum dīstat Brundisium Rōmā?  
How far is Brundisium from Rome?

**404** Quō dēvertēbāmus sub noctem?  
Where did we turn aside towards nightfall?

**405** Quālis erat prīma pars itineris nostrī?  
What was the first part of our journey like?

**406** Quid igitur nōbīs accidit?  
What then happened to us?

**407** Quālis est pānis Canusiī?  
What is the bread like at Canusium?

**408** Quid pretiō vēnit eō in oppidō cūius nōmen memoriā excidit?  
What is sold for a price in that town whose name has slipped my memory?

**409** Quid ego hīc fēcī?  
What did I do here?

**410** Quid fēcērunt pater et māter?  
What did my father and mother do?

**411** Cūr ita nōminātur Beneventum?  
Why is Beneventum so named?

**412** Quid hīc fēcit hospes?  
What did the host do here?

**413** Quid attulērunt servī ad flammās exstinguendās?  
What did the slaves bring to put out the flames?

**414** Quōmodo ego et frāter Capuae lūsimus?  
How did my brother and I play at Capua?

**415** Quōmodo accidit ut sanguis ē nāsō meō efflūxerit?  
How did it come about that the blood flowed from my nose?

**416** Dē quō nārrābat pater in itinere?  
What was my father telling us about on the journey?

**417** Quōmodo rem pūblicam restituit Fabius Māximus?  
How did Fabius Maximus restore the state?

**418** Dēscrībe lūsum quem digitīs micantēs lūdimus.  
Describe the game we play with flicking fingers.

**419** Turbātur per domum.  
There is an uproar all through the house.

**420** Clāmātur.  
There is shouting.

**421** Ululātur.  
There is howling.

**422** Concursum est ad dēversōrium.  
There was a rush to the inn.

**423** Pūgnātum est ācriter.  
The fighting was fierce.

**424** Servī aquam attullērunt ad flammās exstinguendās.  
The slaves brought water to put out the flames.

**425** Lūsum eō.  
I go off to play.

**426** Pater et māter dormītum iērunt.  
My father and mother went off to sleep.

**427** Cubitum ībimus.  
We shall go to bed.

**428** Impedīmenta colligimus ad iter faciendum.  
We gather the baggage for the journey.

**429** Tablīnum intrāvī quia patrem invenīre volēbam.  
I went into the tablinum because I wanted to find my father.

**430** Togam praetextam gerēbat quia speciem praetōris prae sē ferre volēbat.  
He was wearing a bordered toga because he wanted to give himself the airs of a praetor.

**431** Discessimus quia satis ēderāmus.  
We left because we had eaten enough.

**432** Tacuī quia magistrum vīderam.  
I kept quiet because I had seen the master.

**433** Ad dēversōrium dēvertimus quia itineris nōs taedēbat.  
We turned aside to an inn because we were sick of the journey.

**434** In lūdō hiābam quia nōn satis dormieram.  
I was yawning at school because I had not slept enough.

**435** Quia fessus eram mātrem ōrāvī ut mihi cubitum īre licēret.  
Because I was tired I begged my mother to let me go to bed.

**436** Abiī quam celerrimē quia māter mihi veniam dederat.  
I went off as fast as I could because my mother had given me leave.

**437** Magistrum timēbam quia librum meum āmīseram.  
I was afraid of the master because I had lost my book.

**438** Tabernam petiit quia iēiūnus erat.  
He made for the shop because he was hungry.

**439** Quis Fundīs nōs excēpit?  
Who received us at Fundi?

**440** Quālis erat hīc praefectus?  
What was this prefect like?

**441** Quid māter nōbīs nārrābat dum Fundīs discēdimus?  
What was my mother telling us while we were leaving Fundi?

**442** Cūr iūssit Iūppiter omnēs avēs convenīre?  
Why did Jupiter order all the birds to come together?

**443** Quālem creātūrus erat rēgem?  
What sort of king was he going to make?

**444** Quid igitur fēcit grāculus?  
What then did the jackdaw do?

**445** Quālem speciem prae sē ferēbat?  
What appearance did he give himself?

**446** Quid factūrus erat Iūppiter?  
What was Jupiter going to do?

**447** Quid fēcērunt cēterae avēs?  
What did the other birds do?

**448** Et quid grāculō accidit?  
And what happened to the jackdaw?

**449** Quid sīgnifīcat vocābulum clītellae?  
What does the word clitellae mean?

**450** Cūr ita nōminātur dēversōrium?  
Why is an inn called a deversorium?

**451** Quid est culīna?  
What is a kitchen?

**452** Quā in rē vehimur in itinere?  
In what do we ride on a journey?

**453** Cūr ita nōminātus est Q. Fabius Māximus Cūnctātor?  
Why was Quintus Fabius Maximus called the Delayer?

**454** Quid facit praetor?  
What does a praetor do?

**455** Quālī habitū amicītur?  
In what dress is he clothed?

**456** Cūr favendum est linguīs apud sacrificium?  
Why must tongues be held at a sacrifice?

**457** Quid est conventus hominum?  
What is an assembly of men?

**458** Quid facit caupō?  
What does an innkeeper do?

| word | gloss |
|---|---|
| Quantulā | how small, from quantulus |
| mūtātiōnem | change, alteration, from mutatio |
| comprehendī | catch, from comprehendo |
| mūtant | move, change, from muto |
| Scīlicet | of course |
| arcessītus | summons, sending for |
| trīduum | three days’ time, three days |
| imperātum | command, order |
| collēgimus | collect, assemble, from colligo |
| collēctīsque | compact, concise |
| discessimus | depart, go away, from discedo |
| rēdīs | four wheeled wagon, from raeda |
| mūlīs | she-mule, from mula |
| clītellās | pack-saddle, sumpter-saddle, from clitellae |
| dīstant | stand apart, be distant, from disto |
| trecenta | three hundred |
| quīnquāgintā | fifty |
| quīndecim | fifteen |
| sēdecimve | sixteen |
| dēversōrium | hotel |
| pernoctēmus | spend the night |
| caupō | shopkeeper, salesman |
| malīgnus | spiteful |
| excipiunt | take out, from excipio |
| rixā | violent or noisy quarrel, brawl |
| corrumptum | spoil |
| lutō | mud, dirt, from lutum |
| Rubōs | red dye, from Rubi |
| quadrīduum | period of four days |
| dēmum | at last, not till then |
| Postrīdiē | on the next day |
| Canusium | basket |
| lapidōsus | stony, full of stones |
| lapidem | stone, from lapis |
| vix | scarcely, hardly |
| interest | be, be in the midst, from intersum |
| oppidulō | small town, from oppidulum |
| memoriā | memory |
| excidit | cut out, from excido |
| vīlissima | cheap, common, from vilis |
| pretiō | price, from pretium |
| līberantur | free, from libero |
| aliquantulum | little, small, from aliquantulus |
| requiēscerēmus | quiet down |
| mīror | be amazed |
| adultī | grow up, mature, from adolesco |
| Posterō | coming after, following, from posterus |
| Trivīcum | place where three roads meet |
| rēctā | straight, direct, from rectus |
| dēmōnstrāvit | point out, explain, from demonstro |
| fātāle | fated, destined, from fatalis |
| inauspicātum | without auspices, from inauspicatus |
| Maleventum | cheeks, jaws |
| oppositī | opposite, from oppositus |
| Nempe | truly, certainly |
| hospes | host |
| sēdulō | carefully |
| culīnā | kitchen |
| turdōs | thrush, from turdus |
| īgnī | fire, from ignis |
| versābat | keep turning, spin, from verso |
| corripuit | seize, grasp, from corripio |
| flammam | flame, blaze, from flamma |
| lambere | lick, from lambo |
| ārsit | be on fire, from ardeo |
| Turbātur | disturb, agitate, from turbo |
| ululātur | howl, yell, from ululo |
| avidī | greedy, eager, from avidus |
| afferre | bring to, carry, from adfero |
| exstinguendās | put out, extinguish, from exstinguo |
| sēmiūstam | half-burnt, singed |
| lūsōrēs | player, from lusor |
| Perītiōrēs | skilled, skillful, from peritus |
| laevā | left hand |
| ūnā | in the same place, at |
| contigit | touch, from contingo |
| efflūxerit | flow out, flow forth, from effluo |
| doctissimus | learned, wise |
| valdē | greatly |
| displicuit | displease, from displiceo |
| Orbilius | circle |
| Quippe | of course |
| micāre | vibrate, quiver, from mico |
| cupiēbāmus | wish |
| trīvit | rub, wear away, from tero |
| mollēs | soft, from mollis |
| luxuriā | luxury |
| cūnctātor | delayer |
| cūnctātōrēs | delayer |
| cūnctandō | delay, impede, from cuncto |
| restituit | restore, from restituo |
| pūblicam | public officer, from publica |
| ērēctāque | upright, erect |
| aliquot | anyone |
| extendit | stretch, from extendo |
| comprimit | press, fold, from comprimo |
| pertaesum | it wearies, from pertaedet |
| Appiā | Appius |
| maritimam | maritime, from maritimus |
| Fundōs | sling, from Fundi |
| perēgimus | disturb, from perago |
| praefectō | commander, from praefectus |
| īnsānō | mad, raging, from insanus |
| glōriōsus | glorious, full of glory |
| speciem | sight, appearance, from species |
| praetōris | praetor, from praetor |
| prae | before, in front of |
| praefectūra | command |
| arrogāvit | ask, question |
| praetextā | toga bordered with purple worn |
| clāvō | nail, furnish |
| rīdiculam | laughable, funny, from ridiculus |
| vānum | empty, vain, from vanus |
| dēvertēbāmus | divert, turn away |
| Concursum | running to and fro, collision, from concursus |
| ācriter | sharply, fiercely |
| attullērunt | bring |
| Cubitum | elbow |
| taedēbat | be tired, from taedet |
| hiābam | gape, open wide, from hiō |
| dormieram | sleep, rest |
| ōrāvī | beg, ask for, from oro |
| veniam | favor, kindness, from venia |
| āmīseram | lose, from amitto |
| Tabernam | tavern, inn, from taberna |
| creātūrus | creation |
| grāculus | jackdaw |
| habitū | condition, state, from habitus |
| amicītur | clothe, cover, from amicio |
| favendum | favor, befriend, from faveo |
| conventus | agreement, compact |