{"course":{"lang":"nl","language":"Dutch","title":"Dutch Conversation-Grammar","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/nl","source":"Valette, Dutch Conversation-Grammar (1913) and its Key (1893); Defense Language Institute, Dutch Refresher Course, Books I to III (1961). Public domain. The teaching pages, the readings' English, the answers to the conversations and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":10,"id":"val.nl.m37-39","title":"Lessons 37 to 39","stage":"Use of the Parts of Speech, and Word-Formation","situation":"Waarom wordt men klerk?; Waarom wordt men klerk? (Vervolg.); Waarom wordt men klerk? (Slot.)","outcome":"§565. Over = about, above, across, at, by, beyond, in, of, on, opposite, over, upon; §566. Sedert may denote a duration, whereas since denotes a point of time only; §567. Te = at, by, in, on, to; §568. Tegen = against, about, at, by, in spite of, to, towards; §569. Tot = to, till, among, into; §570.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/nl/10","lines":579},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/nl/9","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/nl/11","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/","sections":[{"title":"Lesson 37: Over = about, above, across, at, by, beyond, in, of, on, opposite, over, upon","teaching":[{"title":"Over for place and for a topic","paragraphs":["One Dutch preposition can stand for many English ones. Over gives about, above, across, beyond, on, opposite and more.","Over can name a place. Een brug over de rivier means a bridge across the river. De ketel hangt over het vuur means the kettle hangs over the fire.","Over also names a topic. Over iets denken means to think about a thing. Een boek over Rusland means a book on Russia.","For each example, look at the English word that the sentence needs."]},{"title":"Over for time and number","paragraphs":["Over can name a time ahead. Over een week means a week from now. Zij vertrekken over acht dagen means they depart in eight days.","Over can name a time past. Het is over twee means it is past two.","Before a number, over means above it. Over de zestig jaar oud means above sixty years old."]},{"title":"Over = about, above, across, at, by, beyond, in, of, on, opposite, over, upon","paragraphs":["Heden over acht dagen. a week from today. Over een week. a week from now. Het is over twee. it is past two. De trein is over zijn tijd. the train is overdue. Hij is tien minuten over zijn tijd. he is ten minutes late. Over de brug komen. to come down handsomely."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.1.1","source":"Over iets denken, spreken.","translation":"to think, speak about a thing.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"iets","gloss":"something"},{"text":"denken,","gloss":"think"},{"text":"spreken.","gloss":"to speak"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.1.1.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.1.2","source":"Een brug over de rivier.","translation":"a bridge across the river.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"brug","gloss":"bridge"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"rivier.","gloss":"river"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.1.2.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.1.3","source":"Over de zestig jaar oud.","translation":"above sixty years old.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"zestig","gloss":"sixty"},{"text":"jaar","gloss":"the year"},{"text":"oud.","gloss":"old"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.1.3.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.1.4","source":"Wijn over tafel drinken.","translation":"to drink wine at table.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wijn","gloss":"wine"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"tafel","gloss":"table"},{"text":"drinken.","gloss":"to drink"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.1.4.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.1.5","source":"Wij gaan over Amsterdam.","translation":"we go by (via) Amsterdam.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"gaan","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"Amsterdam.","gloss":"Amsterdam"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.1.5.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.1.6","source":"Over de Alpen.","translation":"beyond the Alps.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Alpen.","gloss":"Alpen"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.1.6.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.1.7","source":"Zij vertrekken over acht dagen.","translation":"they depart in eight days.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"vertrekken","gloss":"depart"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"acht","gloss":"eight"},{"text":"dagen.","gloss":"days"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.1.7.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.1.8","source":"Berouw hebben over.","translation":"to repent of.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Berouw","gloss":"remorse"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"over.","gloss":"across, over"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.1.8.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.1.9","source":"Een boek over Rusland.","translation":"a book on Russia.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"boek","gloss":"book"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"Rusland.","gloss":"Rusland"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.1.9.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.1.10","source":"De ketel hangt over het vuur.","translation":"the kettle hangs over the fire.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"ketel","gloss":"kettle"},{"text":"hangt","gloss":"to hang"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"vuur.","gloss":"fire"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.1.10.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.1.11","source":"Hij woont over de rivier.","translation":"he lives beyond the river.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"woont","gloss":"to live, to dwell"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"rivier.","gloss":"river"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.1.11.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.1.12","source":"Iets de winter over houden.","translation":"to keep a thing over winter.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Iets","gloss":"something"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"winter","gloss":"winter"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"houden.","gloss":"to keep"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.1.12.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.1.13","source":"Lewes heeft over Goethe geschreven.","translation":"Lewes has written upon Goethe.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Lewes","gloss":"Lewes"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"Goethe","gloss":"Goethe"},{"text":"geschreven.","gloss":"to write"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.1.13.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.1.14","source":"In verrukking zijn over.","translation":"to be enchanted with.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"In","gloss":"in"},{"text":"verrukking","gloss":"delight"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"over.","gloss":"across, over"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.1.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":565,"text":"Over = about, above, across, at, by, beyond, in, of, on, opposite, over, upon\n\nOver = about, above, across, at, by, beyond, in, of, on, opposite, over, upon. Over iets denken, spreken. to think, speak about a thing. Waar hebben ze het over? what are they talking about? Een brug over de rivier. a bridge across the river. Over iemands hoofd hangen. to hang above one's head. Over de zestig jaar oud. above sixty years old. Over de honderd boten. above a hundred vessels. Wijn over tafel drinken. to drink wine at table. Zich boos maken over. to be offended at, with. Wij gaan over Amsterdam. we go by (via) Amsterdam. Over land reizen. to travel by land. Over de Alpen. beyond the Alps. Overdag reizen. to travel in the day-time. Zij vertrekken over acht dagen. they depart in eight days. Voogd over minderjarigen. guardian of minors. Berouw hebben over. to repent of. Een gesprek over de oorlog. a conversation on (the) war. Een boek over Rusland. a book on Russia. Over de kerk wonen. to live opposite the church. De ketel hangt over het vuur. the kettle hangs over the fire. Over een sloot springen. to jump over a ditch. Hij woont over de rivier. he lives beyond the river. Hij woont over ons. he lives over the way. Iets de winter over houden. to keep a thing over winter. Over de zaak praten. to talk the matter over. Lewes heeft over Goethe geschreven. Lewes has written upon Goethe. Over het geheel. upon the whole. In verrukking zijn over. to be enchanted with. Heden over acht dagen. a week from today. Over een week. a week from now. Het is over twee. it is past two. De trein is over zijn tijd. the train is overdue. Hij is tien minuten over zijn tijd. he is ten minutes late. Over de brug komen. to come down handsomely.\n\nA few from the list\nOver iets denken, spreken.  to think, speak about a thing.\nWaar hebben ze het over?    what are they talking about?\nEen brug over de rivier.    a bridge across the river.\nOver iemands hoofd hangen.  to hang above one's head.\nOver de zestig jaar oud.    above sixty years old.\nOver de honderd boten.      above a hundred vessels.\nWijn over tafel drinken.    to drink wine at table.\nZich boos maken over.       to be offended at, with.\nWij gaan over Amsterdam.    we go by (via) Amsterdam.\nOver land reizen.           to travel by land."},{"section":566,"text":"Sedert may denote a duration, whereas since denotes a point of time only\n\nSedert may denote a duration, whereas since denotes a point of time only. Hij is mijn compagnon sedert 1870. he has been my partner since 1870. Sedert Pasen, Pinksteren. since Easter, Whitsuntide. Sedert mijn komst. since my coming. Sedert onheuglijke tijden. from time immemorial. Hij is sedert tien jaar dood. he has been dead these ten years. Sedert wanneer ben je hier? how long have you been here?"},{"section":567,"text":"Te = at, by, in, on, to\n\nTe = at, by, in, on, to. Te Vlissingen. at Flushing. We zullen morgen thuis zijn. we shall be at home to-morrow. Terzelfder tijd. at the same time. Op uw kosten. at your expense. Iemand te voet vallen. to fall at one's feet. Hier zijn er drie tegelijk. here there are three, at once, at a time. Te land en ter zee. by sea and land. In Londen. in London. Te zijner ere. in his honour. Hier te lande. in this country. Te rechter tijd. in due time. Te bed liggen. to lie in bed. Te voet reizen. to travel on foot. Te paard zitten. to sit on horseback. Naar de kerk gaan. to go to church. Ten hemel opzien. to look up to heaven. Te bed gaan. to go to bed. Iemand tegemoet gaan. to go to meet a person. Iets tegemoet zien. to look forward to. Een schip te water laten. to launch a vessel. Ik moet tegen twaalven thuis zijn. I must be home by twelve o'clock. Teniet gaan. to go to wreck and ruin. Teniet doen. to annul. Thuis liggen. to lodge. Te scheep. aboard. Te koop, te huur. for sale, to let. Te weten. viz.\n\nA few from the list\nTe Vlissingen.                at Flushing.\nWe zullen morgen thuis zijn.  we shall be at home to-morrow.\nTerzelfder tijd.              at the same time.\nOp uw kosten.                 at your expense.\nIemand te voet vallen.        to fall at one's feet.\nHier zijn er drie tegelijk.   here there are three, at once, at a time.\nTe land en ter zee.           by sea and land.\nIn Londen.                    in London.\nTe zijner ere.                in his honour.\nHier te lande.                in this country."},{"section":568,"text":"Tegen = against, about, at, by, in spite of, to, towards\n\nTegen = against, about, at, by, in spite of, to, towards. Scheur het niet tegen de draad in. do not tear it against the grain. Tegen de muur leunen. to lean against the wall. Tegen alle verwachting. against all expectation. Het gebeurde tegen de avond. it happened about the evening hour. Tegen een matige prijs. at a moderate price. Tegen die tijd, tegen elf uur. by that time, by eleven. Tegen wil en dank. in spite of oneself. Iets tegen iemand zeggen. to say something to one. Tegen iemand spreken. to speak to one. Ik heb niets tegen dit voorstel. I have no objection to this proposal. Het is honderd tegen een. it is a hundred to one. Tegen de avond. towards evening. Tegen het einde van de maand. towards the close of the month. Ik heb iets tegen mosterd. I dislike mustard. Ik kan niet tegen bier. beer does not agree with me.\n\nA few from the list\nScheur het niet tegen de draad in.  do not tear it against the grain.\nTegen de muur leunen.               to lean against the wall.\nTegen alle verwachting.             against all expectation.\nHet gebeurde tegen de avond.        it happened about the evening hour.\nTegen een matige prijs.             at a moderate price.\nTegen die tijd, tegen elf uur.      by that time, by eleven.\nTegen wil en dank.                  in spite of oneself.\nIets tegen iemand zeggen.           to say something to one.\nTegen iemand spreken.               to speak to one.\nIk heb niets tegen dit voorstel.    I have no objection to this proposal."},{"section":569,"text":"Tot = to, till, among, into\n\nTot = to, till, among, into. Van Gouda tot Rotterdam. from Gouda to Rotterdam. Tot op de bodem. down, to the bottom. Tot op de grond afgebrand. burnt to the ground. Tot aan het dak. up to the roof. Zij stonden tot aan de armen in het water. they were up to their arms in water. Tot op het hemd nat. wet to the skin. Tot een cent toe. to the last farthing. Van dag tot dag. from day to day. Van zes tot zeven. from six to seven. Zijn naam is niet tot ons gekomen. his name has not come down to us. Zij werden tot de laatste man toe gedood. they were slain to a man. Van woorden kwam het tot slagen. from words they got to blows. Niet in staat tot. incapable of. Tot zijn eer. to his honour. Tot 1830, tot in die tijd toe. till 1830, till then. Tot een uur. till one o'clock. Tot en met blz. 20. page 20 included. Het behoort tot zijn hoofdverdiensten. it is among his chief merits. Toegang tot de spreekkamer. entrance into the parlour. Wij wandelden tot Wickwar. we walked as far as Wickwar. Tot aan de top van de berg. as high as the top of the mountain.\n\nA few from the list\nVan Gouda tot Rotterdam.                    from Gouda to Rotterdam.\nTot op de bodem.                            down, to the bottom.\nTot op de grond afgebrand.                  burnt to the ground.\nTot aan het dak.                            up to the roof.\nZij stonden tot aan de armen in het water.  they were up to their arms in water.\nTot op het hemd nat.                        wet to the skin.\nTot een cent toe.                           to the last farthing.\nVan dag tot dag.                            from day to day.\nVan zes tot zeven.                          from six to seven.\nZijn naam is niet tot ons gekomen.          his name has not come down to us."},{"section":570,"text":"Uit = out of, by, for, from, in, of, with\n\nUit = out of, by, for, from, in, of, with. Vader is uit de stad. father is out of town. Uit de weg gaan. to go out of the way. Uit het raam vallen. to drop out of the window. Uit een glas drinken. to drink out of a glass. Uit het lid zijn. to be out of joint. Uit de mode zijn. to be out of fashion. Uit beleefdheid. out of politeness. Uit het oog, uit het hart. out of sight, out of mind. Uit ervaring weten. to know by experience. Ik zie uit zijn brief dat ... I see by his letter that ... Uit kracht van de wet. by virtue of the law. Uit de hand verkopen. to sell by private contract. Hij deed het uit de grap. he did it for fun. Uit vriendschap. for friendship's sake. Uit gebrek aan geld. for want of money. Uit vrije keus. from one's own choice. Zijde uit Duitsland. silk from Germany. Uit de grond van mijn hart. from the bottom of my heart. Ik weet het uit de nieuwsbladen. I know it from the papers. Uit vrees voor straf. from fear of punishment. Hij is uit Parijs. he is from Paris. Uit naam van uw ouders. in name of your parents. Hij is uit edel bloed. he is of noble blood. Uit een oud geslacht geboren. born of an ancient race. Uit klei gemaakt. made of clay. Iemand uit het oog verliezen. to lose sight of one. Uit hoofde van. on account of. Uit alle macht. with might and main. Jaar in, jaar uit. year after year. Ten voeten uit. full length.\n\nA few from the list\nVader is uit de stad.          father is out of town.\nUit de weg gaan.               to go out of the way.\nUit het raam vallen.           to drop out of the window.\nUit een glas drinken.          to drink out of a glass.\nUit het lid zijn.              to be out of joint.\nUit de mode zijn.              to be out of fashion.\nUit beleefdheid.               out of politeness.\nUit het oog, uit het hart.     out of sight, out of mind.\nUit ervaring weten.            to know by experience.\nIk zie uit zijn brief dat ...  I see by his letter that ..."},{"section":571,"text":"Van = of, about, at, by, for, from, in, on, out, of, with\n\nVan = of, about, at, by, for, from, in, on, out, of, with; see also Lesson 27. I. De vensters van het huis. the windows of the house. Dit komt van uw uitstellen. this comes of your delaying. Dat was dom van hem. that was stupid of him. Dit is vriendelijk van u. this is kind of you. Hij kwam vanzelf. he came of his own accord. Vanzelf spreken. to be a matter of course. Rijk van het woekeren. rich by usury. Een les van buiten leren. to learn a lesson by heart. Een roman van Van Lennep. a novel by van Lennep. Van zijn arbeid leven. to live by one's work. Van vreugde schreeuwen. to shout for joy. Drinken van hartzeer. to drink for grief. Rekenschap geven van. to account for. De pannen vielen van het dak. the tiles fell from the roof. Van de morgen tot de avond. from morning till night. Zij kwamen van verre. they came from afar. Al het goede komt van boven. all blessings come from Heaven. Ik heb van mijn vriend gehoord. I have heard from my friend. Van huis gaan. to go from home. Van zijn leven. in his life. Ik heb ervan gehoord. I have heard of it. Van water en brood leven. to live on water and bread. Misbruik maken van. to trespass on. Zich meester maken van. to seize upon. Zal er van zijn kant niets tegen zijn? will there be no objection on his part? Van ganser harte. with all my heart. Alles ging vanzelf. all was done with the least difficulty. Verkleumd van kou. benumbed with cold. Komt hij? Hij zegt van ja. Will he come? He says he will. Vandaag, vanavond. to-day, to-night. Vanmorgen, deze zomer. this morning, this summer. Van node hebben. to want. Wij verwachten hem van uur tot uur. we expect him every hour. Wij zijn van plan te vertrekken. we intend to start. Van boven. at the top. Van boven komen. to come down-stairs. Van achteren. at the back, from behind. Van voren. in front. Van binnen. on the inside.\n\nA few from the list\nDe vensters van het huis.    the windows of the house.\nDit komt van uw uitstellen.  this comes of your delaying.\nDat was dom van hem.         that was stupid of him.\nDit is vriendelijk van u.    this is kind of you.\nHij kwam vanzelf.            he came of his own accord.\nVanzelf spreken.             to be a matter of course.\nRijk van het woekeren.       rich by usury.\nEen les van buiten leren.    to learn a lesson by heart.\nEen roman van Van Lennep.    a novel by van Lennep.\nVan zijn arbeid leven.       to live by one's work."},{"section":572,"text":"Voor = before, for, against, at, by, in front of, to\n\nVoor = before, for, against, at, by, in front of, to; see also Lesson 27. II. Ik stond voor hem. I stood before him. Het kwam voor Pasen. it came before Easter. Ik zal het graag voor u doen. I'll do it willingly for you. Ik geef er een gulden voor. I will give a guilder for it. Ik voor mij. I, for one. Voor acht dagen. for eight days. Voor wie houd je mij? whom do you take me for? Hij vreesde voor zijn leven. he feared for his life. Iemand voor een Duitser houden. to take one for a German. Het is goed voor kiespijn. it is good against tooth-ache. Ik koop het voor deze prijs. I buy it at this rate. Stuk voor stuk verkopen. to sell one by one. De troepen waren voor het paleis opgesteld. the troops were drawn up in front of the palace. Van aanbelang voor. important to (for). Iemand voor een eerlijke man houden. to take one to be an honest man. Wat voor een man ben je? who are you? Voor de dag komen. to come forth, to appear. Iets voor onwaar houden. to consider a thing as not true.\n\nA few from the list\nIk stond voor hem.               I stood before him.\nHet kwam voor Pasen.             it came before Easter.\nIk zal het graag voor u doen.    I'll do it willingly for you.\nIk geef er een gulden voor.      I will give a guilder for it.\nIk voor mij.                     I, for one.\nVoor acht dagen.                 for eight days.\nVoor wie houd je mij?            whom do you take me for?\nHij vreesde voor zijn leven.     he feared for his life.\nIemand voor een Duitser houden.  to take one for a German.\nHet is goed voor kiespijn.       it is good against tooth-ache."},{"section":573,"text":"Zonder = without, but for, of\n\nZonder = without, but for, of. Hij ontving ons zonder complimenten. he received us without ceremony. Zonder enige twijfel. without any doubt. Zonder u was ik verloren geweest. but for you I should have been lost. Dit papier is zonder waarde. this paper is of no value."},{"section":574,"text":"Across = dwars door, dwars, over, kruiselings\n\nAcross = dwars door, dwars, over, kruiselings. Hij reisde dwars door het land. He travelled straight across the country. Hij overhandigde mij de krant dwars over de tafel. He handed me the paper across the table. De jongens zaten kruiselings over de bank. The boys were sitting across the bench. Zij spraken voor ons heen. They talked across us."},{"section":575,"text":"Beyond = aan gene zijde van, verder dan, boven, over\n\nBeyond = aan gene zijde van, verder dan, boven, over. Het bos ligt aan gene zijde van de rivier. The wood lies beyond the river. Verder dan dit kan ik niet gaan. Beyond this I cannot go. Dat is boven mijn bevatting. That is beyond my comprehension. Wij werden over de gewone tijd gehouden. We were kept beyond the usual time. Buiten kijf, onbetwistbaar. Beyond dispute."},{"section":576,"text":"By = door, met, van\n\nBy = door, met, van. Sometimes it answers to the loan-word per (= met). Het werd per spoor, per stoomboot, per post, per extra post verzonden. It was sent by rail, by steamer, by post, by express. Per uur betalen. To pay by the hour. Per dozijn verkopen. To sell by the dozen. Een les van buiten leren. To learn a lesson by heart."},{"section":577,"text":"Off = van ... weg, van, voor, op de hoogte van\n\nOff = van ... weg, van, voor, op de hoogte van. Ga weg van die stoel. Get off that chair. Van de been zijn. To be off one's legs. Voor de vuist, op het eerste gezicht. Off hand. Buiten dienst. Off duty. De boot zonk op de hoogte van Vlissingen. The vessel sunk off Flushing."},{"section":578,"text":"Prepositional phrases: as to, by means of, by way of, for want of, in consequence of, in favour of, in the middle of, in spite of, instead of, thanks to\n\nOf the Prepositional phrases we may mention the following: As to = met betrekking tot, aangaande, betreffende, wat betreft. By means of = door middel van, met behulp van. By way of = bij wijze van. For want of = bij gebrek aan. In consequence of = ten gevolge van, uithoofde van. In favour of, on behalf of = ten gunste van, ten behoeve van. In the middle of = in het midden van; in the midst of = te midden van. In (de)spite of, in defiance of = in (ten) spijt van. Instead of = in plaats van. Note. In plaats van may also answer to the English in ... stead. Thanks to, owing to = dank zij. Wat de Duitse romans betreft. As to the German novels, I'll send you some of the best I possess. De dieven verschaften zich toegang in onze kamer door middel van een loper. The thieves got into our room by means of a master-key. Hij zei het bij wijze van aardigheid. He said so by way of joke. Bij wijze van verontschuldiging. By way of apology. Ik gebruik deze uitdrukking bij gebrek aan een betere. I use this term for want of a better. Bij gebrek aan geld. For want of money. Dat is alles ten gevolge van de oorlog. It is all in consequence of the war. Ten gunste van zijn kinderen. In favour of his children. Ten behoeve van onszelf. On our own behalf. In het midden van de straat. In the middle of the street. In het midden van december. In the middle of December. De waarheid ligt in het midden van deze twee uitersten. Between these two extremes truth lies in the middle. Te midden van de woestijn. In the midst of the desert. Te midden van de vrede. In the midst of peace. We werden doornat, ondanks onze paraplu's. We got wet to the skin, in spite of our umbrellas. Hij werd tot secretaris benoemd in plaats van onze vriend N. He was appointed secretary instead of our friend N. N. werd tot secretaris benoemd in plaats van zijn vader. N. was appointed secretary in his father's stead. Dank zij zijn onderzoekingen, weten wij nu alles omtrent deze belangrijke zaak. Thanks to his investigations, we know all about this important matter.\n\nA few from the list\nWat de Duitse romans betreft.                                                As to the German novels, I'll send you some of the best I possess.\nDe dieven verschaften zich toegang in onze kamer door middel van een loper.  The thieves got into our room by means of a master-key.\nHij zei het bij wijze van aardigheid.                                        He said so by way of joke.\nBij wijze van verontschuldiging.                                             By way of apology.\nIk gebruik deze uitdrukking bij gebrek aan een betere.                       I use this term for want of a better.\nBij gebrek aan geld.                                                         For want of money.\nDat is alles ten gevolge van de oorlog.                                      It is all in consequence of the war.\nTen gunste van zijn kinderen.                                                In favour of his children.\nTen behoeve van onszelf.                                                     On our own behalf.\nIn het midden van de straat.                                                 In the middle of the street."}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 37: Sedert may denote a duration, whereas since denotes a point of time only","teaching":[{"title":"Since for a point and for a length","paragraphs":["English since names a point in time only. Dutch sedert can name a point in time or a length of time.","A point: Hij is mijn compagnon sedert 1870 means he has been my partner since 1870.","A length: Hij is sedert tien jaar dood means he has been dead these ten years.","So Sedert wanneer ben je hier? means how long have you been here?"]}],"lines":[{"number":15,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.2.1","source":"Hij is mijn compagnon sedert 1870.","translation":"he has been my partner since 1870.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"compagnon","gloss":"partner"},{"text":"sedert","gloss":"since"},{"text":"1870.","gloss":"1870"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.2.1.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.2.2","source":"Sedert Pasen, Pinksteren.","translation":"since Easter, Whitsuntide.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sedert","gloss":"since"},{"text":"Pasen,","gloss":"Pasen"},{"text":"Pinksteren.","gloss":"Pinksteren"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.2.2.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.2.3","source":"Sedert mijn komst.","translation":"since my coming.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sedert","gloss":"since"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"komst.","gloss":"arrival"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.2.3.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.2.4","source":"Sedert onheuglijke tijden.","translation":"from time immemorial.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sedert","gloss":"since"},{"text":"onheuglijke","gloss":"immemorial"},{"text":"tijden.","gloss":"time"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.2.4.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.2.5","source":"Hij is sedert tien jaar dood.","translation":"he has been dead these ten years.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"sedert","gloss":"since"},{"text":"tien","gloss":"ten"},{"text":"jaar","gloss":"the year"},{"text":"dood.","gloss":"death"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.2.5.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.2.6","source":"Sedert wanneer ben je hier?","translation":"how long have you been here?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sedert","gloss":"since"},{"text":"wanneer","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ben","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"hier?","gloss":"here"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.2.6.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 37: Te = at, by, in, on, to","teaching":[{"title":"Te for place and manner","paragraphs":["Te stands for English at, by, in, on or to. Te Vlissingen means at Flushing. Hier te lande means in this country.","Te often comes in fixed phrases. Te voet reizen means to travel on foot. Te bed liggen means to lie in bed. Te paard zitten means to sit on horseback.","Other fixed phrases: te koop means for sale, te huur means to let. Terzelfder tijd means at the same time.","Some English phrases with at or to take another Dutch word. Op uw kosten means at your expense. Naar de kerk gaan means to go to church."]},{"title":"Te = at, by, in, on, to","paragraphs":["Iets tegemoet zien. to look forward to. Een schip te water laten. to launch a vessel. Ik moet tegen twaalven thuis zijn. I must be home by twelve o'clock. Teniet gaan. to go to wreck and ruin. Teniet doen. to annul. Thuis liggen. to lodge. Te scheep. aboard. Te koop, te huur. for sale, to let. Te weten. viz."]}],"lines":[{"number":21,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.3.1","source":"Te Vlissingen.","translation":"at Flushing.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Te","gloss":"to (before a verb); at, in (before a place); too"},{"text":"Vlissingen.","gloss":"Vlissingen"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.3.1.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.3.2","source":"We zullen morgen thuis zijn.","translation":"we shall be at home to-morrow.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"We","gloss":"we"},{"text":"zullen","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"morgen","gloss":"morning"},{"text":"thuis","gloss":"at home"},{"text":"zijn.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.3.2.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.3.3","source":"Terzelfder tijd.","translation":"at the same time.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Terzelfder","gloss":"at the same"},{"text":"tijd.","gloss":"time"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.3.3.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.3.4","source":"Op uw kosten.","translation":"at your expense.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"kosten.","gloss":"costs"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.3.4.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.3.5","source":"Iemand te voet vallen.","translation":"to fall at one's feet.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Iemand","gloss":"someone"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"voet","gloss":"foot"},{"text":"vallen.","gloss":"to fall"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.3.5.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.3.6","source":"Hier zijn er drie tegelijk.","translation":"here there are three, at once, at a time.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hier","gloss":"here"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"drie","gloss":"three"},{"text":"tegelijk.","gloss":"at once"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.3.6.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.3.7","source":"Te land en ter zee.","translation":"by sea and land.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"land","gloss":"land"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ter","gloss":"at sea"},{"text":"zee.","gloss":"at sea"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.3.7.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.3.8","source":"In Londen.","translation":"in London.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"In","gloss":"in"},{"text":"Londen.","gloss":"Londen"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.3.8.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.3.9","source":"Te zijner ere.","translation":"in his honour.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"zijner","gloss":"His"},{"text":"ere.","gloss":"honor"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.3.9.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.3.10","source":"Hier te lande.","translation":"in this country.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hier","gloss":"here"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"lande.","gloss":"country"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.3.10.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.3.11","source":"Te rechter tijd.","translation":"in due time.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"rechter","gloss":"judge"},{"text":"tijd.","gloss":"time"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.3.11.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.3.12","source":"Te bed liggen.","translation":"to lie in bed.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"bed","gloss":"bed"},{"text":"liggen.","gloss":"to lie (be situated)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.3.12.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.3.13","source":"Te voet reizen.","translation":"to travel on foot.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"voet","gloss":"foot"},{"text":"reizen.","gloss":"traveling"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.3.13.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.3.14","source":"Te paard zitten.","translation":"to sit on horseback.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"paard","gloss":"horse"},{"text":"zitten.","gloss":"to sit"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.3.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 37: Tegen = against, about, at, by, in spite of, to, towards","teaching":[{"title":"Tegen for against and towards","paragraphs":["The first meaning of tegen is against. Tegen de muur leunen means to lean against the wall.","Tegen can name a time close ahead. Tegen de avond means towards evening. Tegen elf uur means by eleven.","After a verb of speaking, tegen means to. Tegen iemand spreken means to speak to one."]},{"title":"Tegen in fixed phrases","paragraphs":["Tegen also marks a price and a ratio. Tegen een matige prijs means at a moderate price. Het is honderd tegen een means it is a hundred to one.","Ik heb iets tegen mosterd means I dislike mustard. Ik kan niet tegen bier means beer does not agree with me.","Tegen wil en dank means in spite of oneself. Learn each of these phrases whole."]},{"title":"Tegen = against, about, at, by, in spite of, to, towards","paragraphs":["Tegen het einde van de maand. towards the close of the month. Ik heb iets tegen mosterd. I dislike mustard. Ik kan niet tegen bier. beer does not agree with me."]}],"lines":[{"number":35,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.4.1","source":"Scheur het niet tegen de draad in.","translation":"do not tear it against the grain.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Scheur","gloss":"to tear"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"tegen","gloss":"against; to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"draad","gloss":"thread"},{"text":"in.","gloss":"in"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.4.1.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.4.2","source":"Tegen de muur leunen.","translation":"to lean against the wall.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tegen","gloss":"against; to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"muur","gloss":"wall"},{"text":"leunen.","gloss":"lean"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.4.2.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.4.3","source":"Tegen alle verwachting.","translation":"against all expectation.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tegen","gloss":"against; to"},{"text":"alle","gloss":"all"},{"text":"verwachting.","gloss":"expectation"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.4.3.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.4.4","source":"Het gebeurde tegen de avond.","translation":"it happened about the evening hour.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"gebeurde","gloss":"happened"},{"text":"tegen","gloss":"against; to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"avond.","gloss":"evening"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.4.4.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.4.5","source":"Tegen een matige prijs.","translation":"at a moderate price.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tegen","gloss":"against; to"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"matige","gloss":"moderate"},{"text":"prijs.","gloss":"price"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.4.5.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.4.6","source":"Tegen die tijd, tegen elf uur.","translation":"by that time, by eleven.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tegen","gloss":"against; to"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"tijd,","gloss":"time"},{"text":"tegen","gloss":"against; to"},{"text":"elf","gloss":"eleven"},{"text":"uur.","gloss":"hour"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.4.6.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.4.7","source":"Tegen wil en dank.","translation":"in spite of oneself.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tegen","gloss":"against; to"},{"text":"wil","gloss":"to want, to wish"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"dank.","gloss":"thanks"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.4.7.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.4.8","source":"Iets tegen iemand zeggen.","translation":"to say something to one.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Iets","gloss":"something"},{"text":"tegen","gloss":"against; to"},{"text":"iemand","gloss":"someone"},{"text":"zeggen.","gloss":"to say"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.4.8.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.4.9","source":"Tegen iemand spreken.","translation":"to speak to one.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tegen","gloss":"against; to"},{"text":"iemand","gloss":"someone"},{"text":"spreken.","gloss":"to speak"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.4.9.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.4.10","source":"Ik heb niets tegen dit voorstel.","translation":"I have no objection to this proposal.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"niets","gloss":"nothing"},{"text":"tegen","gloss":"against; to"},{"text":"dit","gloss":"this"},{"text":"voorstel.","gloss":"proposal"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.4.10.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.4.11","source":"Het is honderd tegen een.","translation":"it is a hundred to one.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"honderd","gloss":"hundred"},{"text":"tegen","gloss":"against; to"},{"text":"een.","gloss":"a"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.4.11.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.4.12","source":"Tegen de avond.","translation":"towards evening.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tegen","gloss":"against; to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"avond.","gloss":"evening"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.4.12.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.4.13","source":"Tegen het einde van de maand.","translation":"towards the close of the month.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tegen","gloss":"against; to"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"einde","gloss":"end"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"maand.","gloss":"month"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.4.13.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.4.14","source":"Ik heb iets tegen mosterd.","translation":"I dislike mustard.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"iets","gloss":"something"},{"text":"tegen","gloss":"against; to"},{"text":"mosterd.","gloss":"mustard"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.4.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 37: Tot = to, till, among, into","teaching":[{"title":"Tot for an end point","paragraphs":["Tot means to or till. It names the end of a distance or of a time. Van Gouda tot Rotterdam means from Gouda to Rotterdam. Tot een uur means till one o'clock.","Many examples have the pattern van, a start, tot, an end. Van zes tot zeven means from six to seven."]},{"title":"Tot aan, tot op, and tot for among","paragraphs":["Tot can take aan or op after it. Tot aan het dak means up to the roof. Tot op de grond afgebrand means burnt to the ground.","Tot can also mean among or into. Het behoort tot zijn hoofdverdiensten means it is among his chief merits. Toegang tot de spreekkamer means entrance into the parlour."]},{"title":"A few from the list","paragraphs":[]}],"lines":[{"number":49,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.5.1","source":"Van Gouda tot Rotterdam.","translation":"from Gouda to Rotterdam.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Gouda","gloss":"Gouda"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"Rotterdam.","gloss":"Rotterdam"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.5.1.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.5.2","source":"Tot op de bodem.","translation":"down, to the bottom.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"bodem.","gloss":"soil"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.5.2.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.5.3","source":"Tot op de grond afgebrand.","translation":"burnt to the ground.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"grond","gloss":"ground, earth"},{"text":"afgebrand.","gloss":"burnt down"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.5.3.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.5.4","source":"Tot aan het dak.","translation":"up to the roof.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"dak.","gloss":"roof"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.5.4.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.5.5","source":"Zij stonden tot aan de armen in het water.","translation":"they were up to their arms in water.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"stonden","gloss":"to stand"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"armen","gloss":"poor"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"water.","gloss":"water"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.5.5.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.5.6","source":"Tot op het hemd nat.","translation":"wet to the skin.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"hemd","gloss":"shirt"},{"text":"nat.","gloss":"wet"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.5.6.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.5.7","source":"Tot een cent toe.","translation":"to the last farthing.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"cent","gloss":"pennies"},{"text":"toe.","gloss":"to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.5.7.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.5.8","source":"Van dag tot dag.","translation":"from day to day.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"dag","gloss":"day"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"dag.","gloss":"day"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.5.8.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.5.9","source":"Van zes tot zeven.","translation":"from six to seven.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"zes","gloss":"six"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"zeven.","gloss":"seven"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.5.9.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.5.10","source":"Zijn naam is niet tot ons gekomen.","translation":"his name has not come down to us.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"naam","gloss":"name"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"gekomen.","gloss":"to come"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.5.10.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.5.11","source":"Zij werden tot de laatste man toe gedood.","translation":"they were slain to a man.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"werden","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"laatste","gloss":"last"},{"text":"man","gloss":"man; husband"},{"text":"toe","gloss":"to"},{"text":"gedood.","gloss":"kills"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.5.11.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.5.12","source":"Van woorden kwam het tot slagen.","translation":"from words they got to blows.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"woorden","gloss":"words"},{"text":"kwam","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"slagen.","gloss":"succeed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.5.12.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.5.13","source":"Niet in staat tot.","translation":"incapable of.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"staat","gloss":"stands; state"},{"text":"tot.","gloss":"until, to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.5.13.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.5.14","source":"Tot zijn eer.","translation":"to his honour.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"eer.","gloss":"honor"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.5.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 37: Uit = out of, by, for, from, in, of, with","teaching":[{"title":"Uit for out of and from","paragraphs":["The first meaning of uit is out of. Uit een glas drinken means to drink out of a glass. Uit het raam vallen means to drop out of the window.","Uit also names where a person or thing comes from. Hij is uit Parijs means he is from Paris. Zijde uit Duitsland means silk from Germany."]},{"title":"Uit for a reason or a material","paragraphs":["Uit can name the reason for an act. Uit beleefdheid means out of politeness. Uit vriendschap means for friendship's sake.","Uit can name what a thing is made of. Uit klei gemaakt means made of clay.","In these phrases English uses out of, from, for or of. Dutch uses uit in each."]}],"lines":[{"number":63,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.6.1","source":"Vader is uit de stad.","translation":"father is out of town.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Vader","gloss":"the father"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"stad.","gloss":"city, town"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.6.1.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.6.2","source":"Uit het raam vallen.","translation":"to drop out of the window.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"raam","gloss":"window"},{"text":"vallen.","gloss":"to fall"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.6.2.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.6.3","source":"Uit het lid zijn.","translation":"to be out of joint.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"lid","gloss":"member"},{"text":"zijn.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.6.3.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.6.4","source":"Uit beleefdheid.","translation":"out of politeness.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"beleefdheid.","gloss":"courtesy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.6.4.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.6.5","source":"Uit ervaring weten.","translation":"to know by experience.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"ervaring","gloss":"experience"},{"text":"weten.","gloss":"to know"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.6.5.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.6.6","source":"Uit kracht van de wet.","translation":"by virtue of the law.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"kracht","gloss":"strength"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"wet.","gloss":"law"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.6.6.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.6.7","source":"Hij deed het uit de grap.","translation":"he did it for fun.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"deed","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"grap.","gloss":"jokes"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.6.7.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.6.8","source":"Uit gebrek aan geld.","translation":"for want of money.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"gebrek","gloss":"lack"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"geld.","gloss":"money"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.6.8.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.6.9","source":"Zijde uit Duitsland.","translation":"silk from Germany.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zijde","gloss":"side"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"Duitsland.","gloss":"Duitsland"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.6.9.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.6.10","source":"Ik weet het uit de nieuwsbladen.","translation":"I know it from the papers.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"weet","gloss":"to know"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"nieuwsbladen.","gloss":"newspapers"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.6.10.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.6.11","source":"Hij is uit Parijs.","translation":"he is from Paris.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"Parijs.","gloss":"Parijs"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.6.11.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.6.12","source":"Hij is uit edel bloed.","translation":"he is of noble blood.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"edel","gloss":"noble"},{"text":"bloed.","gloss":"blood"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.6.12.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.6.13","source":"Uit klei gemaakt.","translation":"made of clay.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"klei","gloss":"clay"},{"text":"gemaakt.","gloss":"to make (weak)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.6.13.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.6.14","source":"Uit hoofde van.","translation":"on account of.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"hoofde","gloss":"head"},{"text":"van.","gloss":"of, from"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.6.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 37: Van = of, about, at, by, for, from, in, on, out, of, with","teaching":[{"title":"Van for of, by and from","paragraphs":["Van stands for many English prepositions. The first is of. De vensters van het huis means the windows of the house.","Van also gives by. Een roman van Van Lennep means a novel by van Lennep.","Van also gives from. De pannen vielen van het dak means the tiles fell from the roof. Ik heb van mijn vriend gehoord means I have heard from my friend."]},{"title":"Van for a cause and a position","paragraphs":["Van can name the cause of a feeling. Van vreugde schreeuwen means to shout for joy. Verkleumd van kou means benumbed with cold.","Van can name a position. Van boven means at the top. Van voren means in front. Van binnen means on the inside.","In some words van joins the next word. Hij kwam vanzelf means he came of his own accord. Vandaag means to-day."]}],"lines":[{"number":77,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.7.1","source":"De vensters van het huis.","translation":"the windows of the house.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"vensters","gloss":"window"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"huis.","gloss":"house"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.7.1.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.7.2","source":"Dat was dom van hem.","translation":"that was stupid of him.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"dom","gloss":"Cathedral"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"hem.","gloss":"him"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.7.2.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.7.3","source":"Hij kwam vanzelf.","translation":"he came of his own accord.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"kwam","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"vanzelf.","gloss":"for itself"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.7.3.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.7.4","source":"Rijk van het woekeren.","translation":"rich by usury.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Rijk","gloss":"rich, richer"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"woekeren.","gloss":"usury"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.7.4.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.7.5","source":"Een roman van Van Lennep.","translation":"a novel by van Lennep.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"roman","gloss":"novel"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Van","gloss":"Van"},{"text":"Lennep.","gloss":"Lennep"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.7.5.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.7.6","source":"Van vreugde schreeuwen.","translation":"to shout for joy.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"vreugde","gloss":"joy"},{"text":"schreeuwen.","gloss":"screaming"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.7.6.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.7.7","source":"Rekenschap geven van.","translation":"to account for.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Rekenschap","gloss":"an account"},{"text":"geven","gloss":"to give"},{"text":"van.","gloss":"of, from"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.7.7.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.7.8","source":"Van de morgen tot de avond.","translation":"from morning till night.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"morgen","gloss":"morning"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"avond.","gloss":"evening"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.7.8.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.7.9","source":"Al het goede komt van boven.","translation":"all blessings come from Heaven.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"goede","gloss":"the good, what is good"},{"text":"komt","gloss":"comes"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"boven.","gloss":"above, over"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.7.9.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.7.10","source":"Van huis gaan.","translation":"to go from home.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"huis","gloss":"house"},{"text":"gaan.","gloss":"to go"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.7.10.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.7.11","source":"Ik heb ervan gehoord.","translation":"I have heard of it.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"ervan","gloss":"of it"},{"text":"gehoord.","gloss":"to hear"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.7.11.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.7.12","source":"Misbruik maken van.","translation":"to trespass on.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Misbruik","gloss":"abuse"},{"text":"maken","gloss":"to make (weak)"},{"text":"van.","gloss":"of, from"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.7.12.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.7.13","source":"Zal er van zijn kant niets tegen zijn?","translation":"will there be no objection on his part?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"kant","gloss":"hand"},{"text":"niets","gloss":"nothing"},{"text":"tegen","gloss":"against; to"},{"text":"zijn?","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.7.13.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.7.14","source":"Alles ging vanzelf.","translation":"all was done with the least difficulty.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Alles","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"ging","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"vanzelf.","gloss":"for itself"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.7.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 37: Voor = before, for, against, at, by, in front of, to","teaching":[{"title":"Voor for before and for","paragraphs":["The first two meanings of voor are before and for. Before can be in place or in time. Ik stond voor hem means I stood before him. Het kwam voor Pasen means it came before Easter.","For: Ik zal het graag voor u doen means I'll do it willingly for you. Ik geef er een gulden voor means I will give a guilder for it."]},{"title":"Voor with houden","paragraphs":["Houden with voor means to take a person or thing to be something. Iemand voor een Duitser houden means to take one for a German.","Iets voor onwaar houden means to consider a thing as not true.","Voor can also mean against. Het is goed voor kiespijn means it is good against tooth-ache."]},{"title":"Voor = before, for, against, at, by, in front of, to","paragraphs":["De troepen waren voor het paleis opgesteld. the troops were drawn up in front of the palace. Van aanbelang voor. important to (for). Iemand voor een eerlijke man houden. to take one to be an honest man. Wat voor een man ben je? who are you? Voor de dag komen. to come forth, to appear. Iets voor onwaar houden. to consider a thing as not true."]}],"lines":[{"number":91,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.8.1","source":"Ik stond voor hem.","translation":"I stood before him.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"stond","gloss":"to stand"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"hem.","gloss":"him"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.8.1.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.8.2","source":"Het kwam voor Pasen.","translation":"it came before Easter.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kwam","gloss":"came"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"Pasen.","gloss":"Pasen"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.8.2.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.8.3","source":"Ik zal het graag voor u doen.","translation":"I'll do it willingly for you.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"graag","gloss":"gladly, with pleasure"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"doen.","gloss":"to do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.8.3.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.8.4","source":"Ik geef er een gulden voor.","translation":"I will give a guilder for it.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"geef","gloss":"to give"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"gulden","gloss":"guilders"},{"text":"voor.","gloss":"for"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.8.4.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.8.5","source":"Ik voor mij.","translation":"I, for one.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"mij.","gloss":"me"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.8.5.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.8.6","source":"Voor acht dagen.","translation":"for eight days.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"acht","gloss":"eight"},{"text":"dagen.","gloss":"days"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.8.6.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.8.7","source":"Voor wie houd je mij?","translation":"whom do you take me for?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"wie","gloss":"who"},{"text":"houd","gloss":"to keep"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"mij?","gloss":"me"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.8.7.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.8.8","source":"Hij vreesde voor zijn leven.","translation":"he feared for his life.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"vreesde","gloss":"feared"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"leven.","gloss":"life"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.8.8.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.8.9","source":"Iemand voor een Duitser houden.","translation":"to take one for a German.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Iemand","gloss":"someone"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"Duitser","gloss":"Duitser"},{"text":"houden.","gloss":"to keep"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.8.9.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.8.10","source":"Het is goed voor kiespijn.","translation":"it is good against tooth-ache.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"goed","gloss":"good, well"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"kiespijn.","gloss":"toothache"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.8.10.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.8.11","source":"Ik koop het voor deze prijs.","translation":"I buy it at this rate.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"koop","gloss":"sale"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"prijs.","gloss":"price"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.8.11.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.8.12","source":"Stuk voor stuk verkopen.","translation":"to sell one by one.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Stuk","gloss":"piece"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"stuk","gloss":"piece"},{"text":"verkopen.","gloss":"sale"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.8.12.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.8.13","source":"De troepen waren voor het paleis opgesteld.","translation":"the troops were drawn up in front of the palace.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"troepen","gloss":"troops"},{"text":"waren","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"paleis","gloss":"palace"},{"text":"opgesteld.","gloss":"drawn up"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.8.13.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.8.14","source":"Van aanbelang voor.","translation":"important to (for).","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"aanbelang","gloss":"importance"},{"text":"voor.","gloss":"for"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.8.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 37: Zonder = without, but for, of","teaching":[{"title":"Zonder for without","paragraphs":["Zonder means without. Zonder enige twijfel means without any doubt. Hij ontving ons zonder complimenten means he received us without ceremony.","Zonder can also mean but for. Zonder u was ik verloren geweest means but for you I should have been lost.","In one example English uses of. Dit papier is zonder waarde means this paper is of no value."]}],"lines":[{"number":105,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.9.1","source":"Hij ontving ons zonder complimenten.","translation":"he received us without ceremony.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"ontving","gloss":"received"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"zonder","gloss":"without"},{"text":"complimenten.","gloss":"compliments"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.9.1.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.9.2","source":"Zonder enige twijfel.","translation":"without any doubt.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zonder","gloss":"without"},{"text":"enige","gloss":"only (het enige: the only thing)"},{"text":"twijfel.","gloss":"doubt"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.9.2.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.9.3","source":"Zonder u was ik verloren geweest.","translation":"but for you I should have been lost.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zonder","gloss":"without"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"verloren","gloss":"to lose"},{"text":"geweest.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.9.3.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.9.4","source":"Dit papier is zonder waarde.","translation":"this paper is of no value.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dit","gloss":"this"},{"text":"papier","gloss":"paper"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"zonder","gloss":"without"},{"text":"waarde.","gloss":"value"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.9.4.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 37: Across = dwars door, dwars, over, kruiselings","teaching":[{"title":"Dutch for English across","paragraphs":["This rule starts from the English word across and gives the Dutch for it. Dutch has no single word for across.","Hij reisde dwars door het land means he travelled straight across the country.","Hij overhandigde mij de krant dwars over de tafel means he handed me the paper across the table.","De jongens zaten kruiselings over de bank means the boys were sitting across the bench."]}],"lines":[{"number":109,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.10.1","source":"Hij reisde dwars door het land.","translation":"He travelled straight across the country.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"reisde","gloss":"travels"},{"text":"dwars","gloss":"straight across"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"land.","gloss":"land"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.10.1.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.10.2","source":"Hij overhandigde mij de krant dwars over de tafel.","translation":"He handed me the paper across the table.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"overhandigde","gloss":"handed"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"krant","gloss":"paper"},{"text":"dwars","gloss":"across"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"tafel.","gloss":"table"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.10.2.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.10.3","source":"De jongens zaten kruiselings over de bank.","translation":"The boys were sitting across the bench.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"jongens","gloss":"boys"},{"text":"zaten","gloss":"to sit"},{"text":"kruiselings","gloss":"across"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"bank.","gloss":"Bank"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.10.3.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.10.4","source":"Zij spraken voor ons heen.","translation":"They talked across us.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"spraken","gloss":"spoke"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"heen.","gloss":"away"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.10.4.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 37: Beyond = aan gene zijde van, verder dan, boven, over","teaching":[{"title":"Dutch for English beyond","paragraphs":["This rule starts from the English word beyond. Dutch gives it with aan gene zijde van, verder dan, boven or over.","Het bos ligt aan gene zijde van de rivier means the wood lies beyond the river. Verder dan dit kan ik niet gaan means beyond this I cannot go.","Dat is boven mijn bevatting means that is beyond my comprehension. Wij werden over de gewone tijd gehouden means we were kept beyond the usual time."]}],"lines":[{"number":113,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.11.1","source":"Het bos ligt aan gene zijde van de rivier.","translation":"The wood lies beyond the river.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"bos","gloss":"bunch"},{"text":"ligt","gloss":"to lie (be situated)"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"gene","gloss":"that"},{"text":"zijde","gloss":"side"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"rivier.","gloss":"river"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.11.1.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.11.2","source":"Verder dan dit kan ik niet gaan.","translation":"Beyond this I cannot go.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Verder","gloss":"further"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"dit","gloss":"this"},{"text":"kan","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"gaan.","gloss":"to go"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.11.2.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.11.3","source":"Dat is boven mijn bevatting.","translation":"That is beyond my comprehension.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"boven","gloss":"above, over"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"bevatting.","gloss":"comprehension"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.11.3.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.11.4","source":"Wij werden over de gewone tijd gehouden.","translation":"We were kept beyond the usual time.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"werden","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"gewone","gloss":"ordinary"},{"text":"tijd","gloss":"time"},{"text":"gehouden.","gloss":"to keep"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.11.4.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.11.5","source":"Buiten kijf, onbetwistbaar.","translation":"Beyond dispute.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Buiten","gloss":"outside"},{"text":"kijf,","gloss":"dispute"},{"text":"onbetwistbaar.","gloss":"incontestable"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.11.5.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 37: By = door, met, van","teaching":[{"title":"Dutch for English by","paragraphs":["This rule starts from the English word by. Dutch gives it with door, met or van. Een les van buiten leren means to learn a lesson by heart.","Sometimes by is per, a word Dutch took from another language. Per has the sense of met.","Het werd per spoor, per stoomboot, per post, per extra post verzonden means it was sent by rail, by steamer, by post, by express.","Per uur betalen means to pay by the hour. Per dozijn verkopen means to sell by the dozen."]}],"lines":[{"number":118,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.12.1","source":"Het werd per spoor, per stoomboot, per post, per extra post verzonden.","translation":"It was sent by rail, by steamer, by post, by express.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"werd","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"per","gloss":"per"},{"text":"spoor,","gloss":"trace"},{"text":"per","gloss":"per"},{"text":"stoomboot,","gloss":"steamboat"},{"text":"per","gloss":"per"},{"text":"post,","gloss":"post"},{"text":"per","gloss":"per"},{"text":"extra","gloss":"extra"},{"text":"post","gloss":"post"},{"text":"verzonden.","gloss":"sent"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.12.1.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.12.2","source":"Per uur betalen.","translation":"To pay by the hour.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Per","gloss":"per"},{"text":"uur","gloss":"hour"},{"text":"betalen.","gloss":"to pay"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.12.2.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.12.3","source":"Per dozijn verkopen.","translation":"To sell by the dozen.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Per","gloss":"per"},{"text":"dozijn","gloss":"dozen"},{"text":"verkopen.","gloss":"sale"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.12.3.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.12.4","source":"Een les van buiten leren.","translation":"To learn a lesson by heart.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"les","gloss":"lessons"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"buiten","gloss":"outside"},{"text":"leren.","gloss":"a) to learn, b) = to teach"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.12.4.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 37: Off = van ... weg, van, voor, op de hoogte van","teaching":[{"title":"Dutch for English off","paragraphs":["This rule starts from the English word off. Dutch gives it with van ... weg, van, voor or op de hoogte van.","Ga weg van die stoel means get off that chair. Van de been zijn means to be off one's legs.","Voor de vuist means off hand. De boot zonk op de hoogte van Vlissingen means the vessel sunk off Flushing."]}],"lines":[{"number":122,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.13.1","source":"Ga weg van die stoel.","translation":"Get off that chair.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ga","gloss":"go"},{"text":"weg","gloss":"away; road"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"stoel.","gloss":"chair"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.13.1.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.13.2","source":"Van de been zijn.","translation":"To be off one's legs.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"been","gloss":"leg"},{"text":"zijn.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.13.2.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.13.3","source":"Voor de vuist, op het eerste gezicht.","translation":"Off hand.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"vuist,","gloss":"off hand"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"eerste","gloss":"the former (the first-mentioned)"},{"text":"gezicht.","gloss":"sight"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.13.3.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.13.4","source":"Buiten dienst.","translation":"Off duty.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Buiten","gloss":"outside"},{"text":"dienst.","gloss":"service"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.13.4.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.13.5","source":"De boot zonk op de hoogte van Vlissingen.","translation":"The vessel sunk off Flushing.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"boot","gloss":"vessel"},{"text":"zonk","gloss":"to sink"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"hoogte","gloss":"height"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Vlissingen.","gloss":"Vlissingen"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.13.5.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 37: Prepositional phrases: as to, by means of, by way of, for want of, in consequence of, in favour of, in the middle of, in spite of, instead of, thanks to","teaching":[{"title":"A phrase that works as one preposition","paragraphs":["A prepositional phrase is a group of words that does the work of one preposition. English has in spite of and instead of. Dutch has phrases of the same kind.","In plaats van means instead of. Hij werd tot secretaris benoemd in plaats van onze vriend N. means he was appointed secretary instead of our friend N.","In plaats van can also give English in his stead. N. werd tot secretaris benoemd in plaats van zijn vader means N. was appointed secretary in his father's stead."]},{"title":"More phrases of this kind","paragraphs":["Door middel van means by means of. Bij wijze van means by way of. Bij gebrek aan means for want of.","Ten gevolge van means in consequence of. Ten gunste van means in favour of. Ten behoeve van means on behalf of.","In het midden van means in the middle of. Te midden van means in the midst of. Dank zij means thanks to.","Wat de Duitse romans betreft means as to the German novels."]}],"lines":[{"number":127,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.14.1","source":"Wat de Duitse romans betreft.","translation":"As to the German novels, I'll send you some of the best I possess.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Duitse","gloss":"German"},{"text":"romans","gloss":"novels"},{"text":"betreft.","gloss":"concerns"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.14.1.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.14.2","source":"De dieven verschaften zich toegang in onze kamer door middel van een loper.","translation":"The thieves got into our room by means of a master-key.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"dieven","gloss":"thieves"},{"text":"verschaften","gloss":"got"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"toegang","gloss":"access"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"onze","gloss":"our"},{"text":"kamer","gloss":"room"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"middel","gloss":"means"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"loper.","gloss":"runners"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.14.2.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.14.3","source":"Hij zei het bij wijze van aardigheid.","translation":"He said so by way of joke.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"zei","gloss":"to say"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"wijze","gloss":"manner, way"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"aardigheid.","gloss":"little entertainment"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.14.3.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.14.4","source":"Bij wijze van verontschuldiging.","translation":"By way of apology.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"wijze","gloss":"manner, way"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"verontschuldiging.","gloss":"excuse"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.14.4.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.14.5","source":"Ik gebruik deze uitdrukking bij gebrek aan een betere.","translation":"I use this term for want of a better.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"gebruik","gloss":"to eat, to have"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"uitdrukking","gloss":"expression"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"gebrek","gloss":"lack"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"betere.","gloss":"better"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.14.5.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.14.6","source":"Bij gebrek aan geld.","translation":"For want of money.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"gebrek","gloss":"lack"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"geld.","gloss":"money"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.14.6.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.14.7","source":"Dat is alles ten gevolge van de oorlog.","translation":"It is all in consequence of the war.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"alles","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"ten","gloss":"in"},{"text":"gevolge","gloss":"consequences"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"oorlog.","gloss":"war"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.14.7.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.14.8","source":"Ten gunste van zijn kinderen.","translation":"In favour of his children.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ten","gloss":"in"},{"text":"gunste","gloss":"favour"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"kinderen.","gloss":"children"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.14.8.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.14.9","source":"Ten behoeve van onszelf.","translation":"On our own behalf.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ten","gloss":"in"},{"text":"behoeve","gloss":"benefit"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"onszelf.","gloss":"ourselves"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.14.9.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.14.10","source":"In het midden van de straat.","translation":"In the middle of the street.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"In","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"midden","gloss":"middle"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"straat.","gloss":"street"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.14.10.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.14.11","source":"In het midden van december.","translation":"In the middle of December.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"In","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"midden","gloss":"middle"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"december.","gloss":"december"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.14.11.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.14.12","source":"De waarheid ligt in het midden van deze twee uitersten.","translation":"Between these two extremes truth lies in the middle.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"waarheid","gloss":"truth"},{"text":"ligt","gloss":"to lie (be situated)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"midden","gloss":"middle"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"twee","gloss":"two"},{"text":"uitersten.","gloss":"extremely"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.14.12.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.14.13","source":"Te midden van de woestijn.","translation":"In the midst of the desert.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"midden","gloss":"middle"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"woestijn.","gloss":"desert"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.14.13.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"val.nl.L37.x.14.14","source":"Te midden van de vrede.","translation":"In the midst of peace.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"midden","gloss":"middle"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"vrede.","gloss":"peace"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.x.14.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Waarom wordt men klerk?","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":141,"id":"val.nl.L37.r.0","source":"Waarom wordt men klerk?","translation":"Why does one become a clerk?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Waarom","gloss":"why"},{"text":"wordt","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"men","gloss":"one, people"},{"text":"klerk?","gloss":"clerk"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.r.0.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"val.nl.L37.r.1","source":"Je hebt zeker wel eens een school zien uitgaan, een burgeravondschool, bedoel ik, zelfs een armenschool, en je vermeid in het weergaloze schouwspel dat de jeugd bood?","translation":"You must surely have once seen a school let out, an evening school for working people, I mean, even a school for the poor, and delighted in the matchless spectacle the young offered?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"hebt","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"zeker","gloss":"surely, certainly"},{"text":"wel","gloss":"but"},{"text":"eens","gloss":"once, one day"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"school","gloss":"school"},{"text":"zien","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"uitgaan,","gloss":"issued"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"burgeravondschool,","gloss":"evening school"},{"text":"bedoel","gloss":"mean"},{"text":"ik,","gloss":"I"},{"text":"zelfs","gloss":"even"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"armenschool,","gloss":"school for the poor"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"vermeid","gloss":"delighted"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"weergaloze","gloss":"matchless"},{"text":"schouwspel","gloss":"spectacle"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"jeugd","gloss":"youth"},{"text":"bood?","gloss":"to offer"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.r.1.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"val.nl.L37.r.2","source":"Welk een gelijkheid en welk een verscheidenheid tevens! Een wereld in het klein!","translation":"What equality, and what diversity all at once! A world in miniature!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Welk","gloss":"which, what"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"gelijkheid","gloss":"equality"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"welk","gloss":"which, what"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"verscheidenheid","gloss":"variety"},{"text":"tevens!","gloss":"at the same time"},{"text":"Een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"wereld","gloss":"world"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"klein!","gloss":"small"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.r.2.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"val.nl.L37.r.3","source":"Houd er de ogen op als je kunt.","translation":"Keep your eyes on it, if you can.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Houd","gloss":"hold, keep"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"ogen","gloss":"eye"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"kunt.","gloss":"to be able (can)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.r.3.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"val.nl.L37.r.4","source":"Soldaatjes spelen, de eerste de beste stok is een generaalsstaf voor die flinke knaap; paardje mennen, wie denk je dat het eerst moe zal zijn, de koetsier of de rossen?","translation":"Playing soldiers, any old stick is a general's staff for that sturdy fellow; playing at driving, who do you think will tire soonest, the coachman or the horses?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Soldaatjes","gloss":"toy soldiers"},{"text":"spelen,","gloss":"to play"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"eerste","gloss":"the former (the first-mentioned)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"beste","gloss":"best"},{"text":"stok","gloss":"stick"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"generaalsstaf","gloss":"general's staff"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"flinke","gloss":"fine"},{"text":"knaap;","gloss":"boy"},{"text":"paardje","gloss":"little horse"},{"text":"mennen,","gloss":"driving"},{"text":"wie","gloss":"who"},{"text":"denk","gloss":"think"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"eerst","gloss":"first (of all)"},{"text":"moe","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"zijn,","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"koetsier","gloss":"cabman, driver"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"rossen?","gloss":"horses"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.r.4.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"val.nl.L37.r.5","source":"Scheepje zeilen, de klomp gaat te water, als ze maar een touwtje vinden om hem aan te vieren, we hebben het nauwelijks gemerkt, of de drukste zijn al uit ons gezicht; er schuilen matrozen, voerlui, soldaten in.","translation":"Sailing toy boats, the wooden clog goes into the water, if only they can find a bit of string to let it out on, we have hardly noticed it, or the rowdiest are already out of our sight; sailors, carters, soldiers are hiding in them.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Scheepje","gloss":"Scheepje"},{"text":"zeilen,","gloss":"sailed"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"klomp","gloss":"clog"},{"text":"gaat","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"water,","gloss":"water"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"touwtje","gloss":"string"},{"text":"vinden","gloss":"to find"},{"text":"om","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"vieren,","gloss":"to celebrate"},{"text":"we","gloss":"we"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"nauwelijks","gloss":"scarcely"},{"text":"gemerkt,","gloss":"notice"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"drukste","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"gezicht;","gloss":"sight"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"schuilen","gloss":"to hide"},{"text":"matrozen,","gloss":"sailor, sailors"},{"text":"voerlui,","gloss":"carters"},{"text":"soldaten","gloss":"soldiers"},{"text":"in.","gloss":"in"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.r.5.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"val.nl.L37.r.6","source":"Daar plaagt een krullenbol een aardig meisje, maar dat zullen ze allemaal ooit doen, dat is het algemeen menselijke, ik wilde je wijzen op de bijzondere aard, die blijkt uit de keuze van het ene of het andere beroep.","translation":"There a curly-headed boy teases a pretty girl, but they will all do that some day, that is the universally human part, I wanted to point you to the particular nature, evident from the choice of this or that trade.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Daar","gloss":"as, since, because"},{"text":"plaagt","gloss":"teased"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"krullenbol","gloss":"curly-headed boy"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"aardig","gloss":"charming"},{"text":"meisje,","gloss":"girl"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"zullen","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"allemaal","gloss":"all"},{"text":"ooit","gloss":"ever"},{"text":"doen,","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"algemeen","gloss":"generally, widely"},{"text":"menselijke,","gloss":"human"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"wilde","gloss":"to want, to wish"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"wijzen","gloss":"to show"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"bijzondere","gloss":"particular"},{"text":"aard,","gloss":"kind"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"blijkt","gloss":"to appear"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"keuze","gloss":"choice"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"ene","gloss":"a"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"andere","gloss":"other"},{"text":"beroep.","gloss":"trades"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.r.6.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"val.nl.L37.r.7","source":"Welnu, we zien arbeids- en handwerkslieden in menigte, toekomstige metselaars die naar dat halfvoltooide gebouw kijken alsof ze de verhouding van het gewicht tussen balken en muren berekenden; toekomstige hoveniers die opletten of de lentezon de knoppen van het geboomte sinds gisteren verder heeft doen uitbotten; toekomstige kastenmakers die een voorbijgedragen meubel beloeren alsof het open moest springen voor hun nieuwsgierige blik; maar er zou geen einde aan zijn als we alles wilden bespieden wat hier in de dop te zien valt.","translation":"Well then, we see laborers and craftsmen in plenty, future masons who look at that half-finished building as if they were reckoning the proportion of weight between beams and walls; future gardeners who watch whether the spring sun has made the buds of the trees sprout further since yesterday; future cabinet-makers who peer at a piece of furniture carried past, as if it ought to spring open before their curious gaze; but there would be no end to it, if we wanted to spy out everything that can be seen here in the bud.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Welnu,","gloss":"Well then"},{"text":"we","gloss":"we"},{"text":"zien","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"arbeids-","gloss":"labor"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"handwerkslieden","gloss":"craftsmen"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"menigte,","gloss":"multitude"},{"text":"toekomstige","gloss":"future"},{"text":"metselaars","gloss":"mason"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"halfvoltooide","gloss":"half-finished"},{"text":"gebouw","gloss":"building"},{"text":"kijken","gloss":"to look"},{"text":"alsof","gloss":"as though"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"verhouding","gloss":"relation"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"gewicht","gloss":"weight"},{"text":"tussen","gloss":"between"},{"text":"balken","gloss":"beams"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"muren","gloss":"wall"},{"text":"berekenden;","gloss":"reckon"},{"text":"toekomstige","gloss":"future"},{"text":"hoveniers","gloss":"gardeners"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"opletten","gloss":"watch"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"lentezon","gloss":"spring sun"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"knoppen","gloss":"buds"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"geboomte","gloss":"trees"},{"text":"sinds","gloss":"since"},{"text":"gisteren","gloss":"yesterday"},{"text":"verder","gloss":"further"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"doen","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"uitbotten;","gloss":"sprout"},{"text":"toekomstige","gloss":"future"},{"text":"kastenmakers","gloss":"cabinet-makers"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"voorbijgedragen","gloss":"carried past"},{"text":"meubel","gloss":"furniture"},{"text":"beloeren","gloss":"peer at"},{"text":"alsof","gloss":"as though"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"open","gloss":"open"},{"text":"moest","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"springen","gloss":"to spring"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"hun","gloss":"them; their"},{"text":"nieuwsgierige","gloss":"curious"},{"text":"blik;","gloss":"glance"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"zou","gloss":"should, would"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"einde","gloss":"end"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"we","gloss":"we"},{"text":"alles","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"wilden","gloss":"to want, to wish"},{"text":"bespieden","gloss":"spy out"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"hier","gloss":"here"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"dop","gloss":"shell"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"zien","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"valt.","gloss":"to fall"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.r.7.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 37: conversation","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":149,"id":"val.nl.L37.c.q1","source":"Hoe ben je toch op het idee gekomen om dat huis te nemen?","translation":"However did you get the idea of taking that house?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"ben","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"toch","gloss":"indeed, after all (here: 'I did warn you, after all')"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"idee","gloss":"idea"},{"text":"gekomen","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"om","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"huis","gloss":"house"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"nemen?","gloss":"to take"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.c.q1.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"val.nl.L37.c.q2","source":"Maar het huis is in slechte staat, en de tuin is een wildernis.","translation":"But the house is in poor condition, and the garden is a wilderness.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"huis","gloss":"house"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"slechte","gloss":"bad"},{"text":"staat,","gloss":"stands; state"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"tuin","gloss":"garden"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"wildernis.","gloss":"wilderness"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.c.q2.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"val.nl.L37.c.q3","source":"Laat de huisheer alles in orde brengen?","translation":"Is the landlord having everything put in order?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Laat","gloss":"to let"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"huisheer","gloss":"landlord"},{"text":"alles","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"orde","gloss":"order"},{"text":"brengen?","gloss":"bring"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.c.q3.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"val.nl.L37.c.a1","source":"Deze woning bevalt mij en mijn vrouw tamelijk goed.","translation":"This place suits my wife and me fairly well.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"woning","gloss":"dwelling"},{"text":"bevalt","gloss":"pleases"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my wife"},{"text":"vrouw","gloss":"my wife"},{"text":"tamelijk","gloss":"tolerably"},{"text":"goed.","gloss":"good, well"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.c.a1.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"val.nl.L37.c.a2","source":"Voor een en ander zal weldra worden gezorgd.","translation":"That will soon be taken care of.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ander","gloss":"another (person)"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"weldra","gloss":"soon"},{"text":"worden","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"gezorgd.","gloss":"see to it"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.c.a2.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"val.nl.L37.c.a3","source":"Nee, ik zal het laten doen, maar de huisheer draagt de kosten.","translation":"No, I'll have it done, but the landlord bears the cost.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nee,","gloss":"no"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"laten","gloss":"to let"},{"text":"doen,","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"huisheer","gloss":"landlord"},{"text":"draagt","gloss":"to carry"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kosten.","gloss":"costs"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.c.a3.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"val.nl.L37.c.q4","source":"En welke voorwaarden heb je gemaakt? Heb je ook aan overplaatsing naar een andere stad gedacht?","translation":"And what terms did you make? Did you also think about being transferred to another city?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"En","gloss":"and"},{"text":"welke","gloss":"which, what"},{"text":"voorwaarden","gloss":"terms"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"gemaakt?","gloss":"to make (weak)"},{"text":"Heb","gloss":"have"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"ook","gloss":"also, likewise"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"overplaatsing","gloss":"transfer"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"andere","gloss":"other"},{"text":"stad","gloss":"city, town"},{"text":"gedacht?","gloss":"thought"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.c.q4.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"val.nl.L37.c.q5","source":"Wat ben je van plan in de tuin te zetten?","translation":"What do you plan to plant in the garden?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"ben","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"plan","gloss":"plan, plans"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"tuin","gloss":"garden"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"zetten?","gloss":"to put, to set"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.c.q5.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"val.nl.L37.c.a4","source":"Ik heb voor drie jaar gehuurd. In geval van overplaatsing eindigt de huur met de lopende drie maanden.","translation":"I have rented for three years. In case of a transfer, the lease ends with the current three months.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"drie","gloss":"three"},{"text":"jaar","gloss":"the year"},{"text":"gehuurd.","gloss":"rented"},{"text":"In","gloss":"in"},{"text":"geval","gloss":"case"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"overplaatsing","gloss":"transfer"},{"text":"eindigt","gloss":"ended"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"huur","gloss":"rent"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"lopende","gloss":"to walk"},{"text":"drie","gloss":"three"},{"text":"maanden.","gloss":"months"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.c.a4.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"val.nl.L37.c.a5","source":"Langs de muren wat leibomen aan de zonkant en enige heesters aan de andere kant.","translation":"Along the walls some espaliered trees on the sunny side, and some shrubs on the other side.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Langs","gloss":"along"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"muren","gloss":"wall"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"leibomen","gloss":"espaliered trees"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"zonkant","gloss":"sunny side"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"enige","gloss":"only (het enige: the only thing)"},{"text":"heesters","gloss":"shrubs"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"andere","gloss":"other"},{"text":"kant.","gloss":"hand"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.c.a5.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"val.nl.L37.c.q6","source":"In het midden moest je een of andere mooie boom laten zetten, bijvoorbeeld een bruine beuk.","translation":"In the middle you ought to have a fine tree planted, for instance a copper beech.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"In","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"midden","gloss":"middle"},{"text":"moest","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"andere","gloss":"other"},{"text":"mooie","gloss":"beautiful"},{"text":"boom","gloss":"tree"},{"text":"laten","gloss":"to let"},{"text":"zetten,","gloss":"to put, to set"},{"text":"bijvoorbeeld","gloss":"for instance"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"bruine","gloss":"brown"},{"text":"beuk.","gloss":"beech"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.c.q6.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"val.nl.L37.c.q7","source":"Later, na heel wat jaren, ja; maar dan zul je wel niet meer in deze tuin werken.","translation":"Later, after quite a few years, yes; but by then you probably won't be working in this garden anymore.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Later,","gloss":"later"},{"text":"na","gloss":"after"},{"text":"heel","gloss":"whole"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"jaren,","gloss":"years"},{"text":"ja;","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"zul","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"wel","gloss":"but"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"meer","gloss":"more"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"tuin","gloss":"garden"},{"text":"werken.","gloss":"work"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.c.q7.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"val.nl.L37.c.a6","source":"Daar heb ik ook al over gedacht, maar zal die niet te veel schaduw werpen?","translation":"I've thought about that too, but won't it cast too much shade?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Daar","gloss":"as, since, because"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"ook","gloss":"also, likewise"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"gedacht,","gloss":"thought"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"veel","gloss":"much"},{"text":"schaduw","gloss":"shadow"},{"text":"werpen?","gloss":"to throw"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.c.a6.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"val.nl.L37.c.a7","source":"En wat zal ik op deze ronde bedden zetten? Mij dunkt wat viooltjes en vergeet-mij-nietjes.","translation":"And what shall I plant on these round beds? I think some violets and forget-me-nots.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"En","gloss":"and"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"ronde","gloss":"around"},{"text":"bedden","gloss":"bed"},{"text":"zetten?","gloss":"to put, to set"},{"text":"Mij","gloss":"me thinks"},{"text":"dunkt","gloss":"me thinks"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"viooltjes","gloss":"violets"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"vergeet-mij-nietjes.","gloss":"forget-me-nots"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.c.a7.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"val.nl.L37.c.q8","source":"Zou je daarachter niet wat maandroosjes planten, die bijna het hele jaar bloeien?","translation":"Wouldn't you plant some monthly roses behind there, which bloom almost the whole year?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zou","gloss":"should, would"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"daarachter","gloss":"behind it"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"maandroosjes","gloss":"monthly roses"},{"text":"planten,","gloss":"plants"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"bijna","gloss":"nearly"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"hele","gloss":"whole"},{"text":"jaar","gloss":"the year"},{"text":"bloeien?","gloss":"blooms"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.c.q8.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"val.nl.L37.c.q9","source":"Als je tuintje klaar is, kom ik eens kijken.","translation":"When your little garden is ready, I'll come and have a look.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"tuintje","gloss":"little garden"},{"text":"klaar","gloss":"finished"},{"text":"is,","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"kom","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"eens","gloss":"once, one day"},{"text":"kijken.","gloss":"to look"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.c.q9.m4a"},{"number":165,"id":"val.nl.L37.c.a8","source":"Dat is een goed idee, dan zal ik eens naar Boskoop schrijven.","translation":"That is a good idea, then I'll write to Boskoop sometime.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"goed","gloss":"good, well"},{"text":"idee,","gloss":"idea"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"eens","gloss":"once, one day"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"Boskoop","gloss":"Boskoop"},{"text":"schrijven.","gloss":"to write"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.c.a8.m4a"},{"number":166,"id":"val.nl.L37.c.a9","source":"Doe dat, je bent altijd welkom.","translation":"Do that, you'll always be welcome.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Doe","gloss":"do"},{"text":"dat,","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"bent","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"altijd","gloss":"always"},{"text":"welkom.","gloss":"welcome"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.c.a9.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 37: exercise 96","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":167,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i1","source":"Wij plachten daar 's zondags te zitten.","translation":"We used to sit there of a Sunday.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"plachten","gloss":"to be accustomed"},{"text":"daar","gloss":"as, since, because"},{"text":"'s","gloss":"(abbreviation)"},{"text":"zondags","gloss":"on Sundays"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"zitten.","gloss":"to sit"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i1.m4a"},{"number":168,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i2","source":"Meer dan honderd jaren zijn sinds die merkwaardige dag voorbijgegaan.","translation":"Upwards of a hundred years have elapsed since that memorable day.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Meer","gloss":"more than"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"more than"},{"text":"honderd","gloss":"hundred"},{"text":"jaren","gloss":"years"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"sinds","gloss":"since"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"merkwaardige","gloss":"remarkable"},{"text":"dag","gloss":"day"},{"text":"voorbijgegaan.","gloss":"elapsed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i2.m4a"},{"number":169,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i3","source":"Sedert de laatste jaren is de handel aanmerkelijk toegenomen.","translation":"Of late years the traffic has considerably increased.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sedert","gloss":"since"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"laatste","gloss":"last"},{"text":"jaren","gloss":"years"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"handel","gloss":"trade"},{"text":"aanmerkelijk","gloss":"considerably"},{"text":"toegenomen.","gloss":"growing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i3.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i4","source":"Bij deze merkwaardige gelegenheid verkreeg hij het burgerrecht van de City.","translation":"He was made free of the City on this memorable occasion.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"merkwaardige","gloss":"remarkable"},{"text":"gelegenheid","gloss":"occasion, opportunity"},{"text":"verkreeg","gloss":"obtain"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"burgerrecht","gloss":"freedom"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"City.","gloss":"City"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i4.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i5","source":"Zij trouwden op staande voet.","translation":"They were married out of hand.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"trouwden","gloss":"married"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"staande","gloss":"to stand"},{"text":"voet.","gloss":"foot"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i5.m4a"},{"number":172,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i6","source":"Ik heb alle geduld met hem verloren.","translation":"I am out of all patience with him.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"alle","gloss":"all"},{"text":"geduld","gloss":"patience"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"verloren.","gloss":"to lose"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i6.m4a"},{"number":173,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i7","source":"Zijn humeur was jammerlijk ontstemd.","translation":"His spirits were sadly out of tune.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"humeur","gloss":"temper"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"jammerlijk","gloss":"most lamentably"},{"text":"ontstemd.","gloss":"out of tune"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i7.m4a"},{"number":174,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i8","source":"Een dronk op onze vriendelijke gastvrouw: moge haar vriendenkring steeds groeien, en moge ze hun vriendschap steeds minder nodig hebben!","translation":"Here's to our kind hostess; more friends to her, and less need of them!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"dronk","gloss":"to drink"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"onze","gloss":"our"},{"text":"vriendelijke","gloss":"friendly, kind"},{"text":"gastvrouw:","gloss":"hostess"},{"text":"moge","gloss":"may"},{"text":"haar","gloss":"her"},{"text":"vriendenkring","gloss":"circle of friends"},{"text":"steeds","gloss":"always"},{"text":"groeien,","gloss":"to grow"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"moge","gloss":"may"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"hun","gloss":"them; their"},{"text":"vriendschap","gloss":"friendship"},{"text":"steeds","gloss":"always"},{"text":"minder","gloss":"less"},{"text":"nodig","gloss":"to want, to need"},{"text":"hebben!","gloss":"to want, to need"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i8.m4a"},{"number":175,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i9","source":"Gaf de hemel maar, dat dit onze enige reden van klagen was.","translation":"Would to Heaven, this were our only ground of complaint.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Gaf","gloss":"gave"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"hemel","gloss":"heaven, sky"},{"text":"maar,","gloss":"but"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"dit","gloss":"this"},{"text":"onze","gloss":"our"},{"text":"enige","gloss":"only (het enige: the only thing)"},{"text":"reden","gloss":"reason"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"klagen","gloss":"to complain, to lament"},{"text":"was.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i9.m4a"},{"number":176,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i10","source":"Spreek weinig, maar laat dat weinige ter zake dienen.","translation":"Speak little, but let that little be to the purpose.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Spreek","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"weinig,","gloss":"little, few"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"laat","gloss":"to let"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"weinige","gloss":"a few"},{"text":"ter","gloss":"for the"},{"text":"zake","gloss":"matter"},{"text":"dienen.","gloss":"to serve"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i10.m4a"},{"number":177,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i11","source":"Ik kan thans onmogelijk dieper op de zaak ingaan.","translation":"I cannot possibly enter into that subject just now.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"kan","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"thans","gloss":"now"},{"text":"onmogelijk","gloss":"impossible"},{"text":"dieper","gloss":"deeper"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"zaak","gloss":"matter"},{"text":"ingaan.","gloss":"entered"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i11.m4a"},{"number":178,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i12","source":"Menig mensenhart wordt zacht gestemd bij het opvlammende haardvuur van het gezellige kerstfeest.","translation":"Many a man warms into kindliness with the blazing hearth of Merry Christmas.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Menig","gloss":"many a"},{"text":"mensenhart","gloss":"human heart"},{"text":"wordt","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"zacht","gloss":"gentle"},{"text":"gestemd","gloss":"voted"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"opvlammende","gloss":"blazing"},{"text":"haardvuur","gloss":"hearth fire"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"gezellige","gloss":"snug"},{"text":"kerstfeest.","gloss":"Christmas"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i12.m4a"},{"number":179,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i13","source":"Als u uw instructie kende, waarom kwam u die dan niet na?","translation":"If you knew your instructions, why did you not act up to them?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"instructie","gloss":"instructions"},{"text":"kende,","gloss":"knew"},{"text":"waarom","gloss":"why"},{"text":"kwam","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"na?","gloss":"after"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i13.m4a"},{"number":180,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i14","source":"Wat is er nu aan de hand?","translation":"What's up now?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"nu","gloss":"now, at present"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"hand?","gloss":"a hand, hands"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i14.m4a"},{"number":181,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i15","source":"Ik vind dat hij goed op de hoogte is van de spraakkunst.","translation":"I find he is well up in Grammar.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"vind","gloss":"to find"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"goed","gloss":"good, well"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"hoogte","gloss":"height"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"spraakkunst.","gloss":"grammar"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i15.m4a"},{"number":182,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i16","source":"Engelse ministers gaan dikwijls in de provincie redevoeringen houden, als het parlement geen zitting heeft.","translation":"English ministers often go about the country speechifying, when the house is up.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Engelse","gloss":"English"},{"text":"ministers","gloss":"Ministers"},{"text":"gaan","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"dikwijls","gloss":"often"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"provincie","gloss":"province"},{"text":"redevoeringen","gloss":"speeches"},{"text":"houden,","gloss":"to keep"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"parlement","gloss":"Parliament"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"zitting","gloss":"a seat"},{"text":"heeft.","gloss":"to have, to have had"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i16.m4a"},{"number":183,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i17","source":"Hete tranen vloeiden langs zijn wangen.","translation":"Hot tears ran down his cheeks.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hete","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"tranen","gloss":"tears"},{"text":"vloeiden","gloss":"flowed"},{"text":"langs","gloss":"along"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"wangen.","gloss":"cheeks"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i17.m4a"},{"number":184,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i18","source":"Voordat er een week verlopen was, hadden de speurhonden van het gerecht de hand op hem gelegd.","translation":"The catchpolls were down upon him before another week had gone by.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Voordat","gloss":"before"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"week","gloss":"week"},{"text":"verlopen","gloss":"went by"},{"text":"was,","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"hadden","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"speurhonden","gloss":"tracker dogs"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"gerecht","gloss":"court"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"hand","gloss":"a hand, hands"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"gelegd.","gloss":"to lay"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i18.m4a"},{"number":185,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i19","source":"Allen kenmerkten zich door een familiegelijkenis, en eigenlijk gezegd hadden zij allen hetzelfde karakter.","translation":"A family likeness prevailed through all, and properly speaking, they had but one character.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Allen","gloss":"all"},{"text":"kenmerkten","gloss":"characterized"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"familiegelijkenis,","gloss":"family likeness"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"eigenlijk","gloss":"actually, really"},{"text":"gezegd","gloss":"to say"},{"text":"hadden","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"allen","gloss":"all"},{"text":"hetzelfde","gloss":"the same"},{"text":"karakter.","gloss":"character"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i19.m4a"},{"number":186,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i20","source":"Dit is een regel die het hele leven door deugdelijk zal blijken.","translation":"This is a rule that will hold good through life.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dit","gloss":"this"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"regel","gloss":"line"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"hele","gloss":"whole"},{"text":"leven","gloss":"life"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"deugdelijk","gloss":"hold good"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"blijken.","gloss":"to appear"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i20.m4a"},{"number":187,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i21","source":"Het gekste van alles is dat ik het moest beleven door u overtuigd te worden.","translation":"The most extraordinary thing is that I should live to be brought round through you.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"gekste","gloss":"mad"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"alles","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"moest","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"beleven","gloss":"known"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"overtuigd","gloss":"convinced"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"worden.","gloss":"to become, to get"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i21.m4a"},{"number":188,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i22","source":"Boven alles houd ik van een rit door de velden.","translation":"What I like above all things, is a ride across country.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Boven","gloss":"above, over"},{"text":"alles","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"houd","gloss":"to keep"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"rit","gloss":"ride"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"velden.","gloss":"fields"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i22.m4a"},{"number":189,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i23","source":"Ik voel me enigszins stijf in de benen.","translation":"I feel rather stiff about the legs.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"voel","gloss":"feel"},{"text":"me","gloss":"me"},{"text":"enigszins","gloss":"somewhat"},{"text":"stijf","gloss":"stiff"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"benen.","gloss":"leg"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i23.m4a"},{"number":190,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i24","source":"Hij is de bedrevenste schermer van de hele stad.","translation":"He's the most expert swordsman about town.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"bedrevenste","gloss":"skilled"},{"text":"schermer","gloss":"swordsman"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"hele","gloss":"whole"},{"text":"stad.","gloss":"city, town"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i24.m4a"},{"number":191,"id":"val.nl.L37.e96.i25","source":"Hij ging naar de stad om rond te kijken naar een nieuwe piano voor zijn broer.","translation":"He went to town to see about a new piano for his brother.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"ging","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"stad","gloss":"city, town"},{"text":"om","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"},{"text":"rond","gloss":"around"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"kijken","gloss":"to look"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"nieuwe","gloss":"new"},{"text":"piano","gloss":"piano"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"broer.","gloss":"brother"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e96.i25.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 37: exercise 97","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":192,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i1","source":"Het huis stond op enkele ellen afstand van de stadspoort.","translation":"The house stood within a few yards of the city gate.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"huis","gloss":"house"},{"text":"stond","gloss":"to stand"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"enkele","gloss":"a few"},{"text":"ellen","gloss":"yards"},{"text":"afstand","gloss":"distance"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"stadspoort.","gloss":"city gate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i1.m4a"},{"number":193,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i2","source":"Voor zover ik weet, heb ik hem nooit gezien.","translation":"To my knowledge, I never saw him in my life.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"zover","gloss":"so far"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"weet,","gloss":"to know"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"nooit","gloss":"never"},{"text":"gezien.","gloss":"to see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i2.m4a"},{"number":194,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i3","source":"Ik kan je op een uur af zeggen hoelang het zal duren.","translation":"I can tell you to an hour, how long it will last.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"kan","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"uur","gloss":"hour"},{"text":"af","gloss":"off"},{"text":"zeggen","gloss":"to say"},{"text":"hoelang","gloss":"how long"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"duren.","gloss":"costly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i3.m4a"},{"number":195,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i4","source":"Ik heb gepoogd hem tot rede te brengen.","translation":"I have tried to talk him into reason.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"gepoogd","gloss":"tried"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"rede","gloss":"discourse"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"brengen.","gloss":"bring"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i4.m4a"},{"number":196,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i5","source":"Zij probeerden mij beet te nemen, maar bemerkten al spoedig dat ik hun te slim af was.","translation":"They tried to get round me, but soon found I was one too many for them.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"probeerden","gloss":"to try"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"beet","gloss":"to bite"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"nemen,","gloss":"to take"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"bemerkten","gloss":"noticed"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"spoedig","gloss":"soon"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"hun","gloss":"them; their"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"slim","gloss":"sly"},{"text":"af","gloss":"off"},{"text":"was.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i5.m4a"},{"number":197,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i6","source":"Er is in de grond iets goeds in hem, wat zich dan vertoont wanneer men het het minst zou hebben verwacht.","translation":"There's a fund of good feeling about him, which crops out where we should least have expected it.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"grond","gloss":"ground, earth"},{"text":"iets","gloss":"something"},{"text":"goeds","gloss":"good"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"hem,","gloss":"him"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"vertoont","gloss":"exhibits"},{"text":"wanneer","gloss":"if"},{"text":"men","gloss":"one, people"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"minst","gloss":"least"},{"text":"zou","gloss":"should, would"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"verwacht.","gloss":"expect"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i6.m4a"},{"number":198,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i7","source":"Tegenover te verwachten kwade kansen zijn de mensen steeds vol hoop; maar zwaarmoedigheid gaat een goede uitslag vooraf.","translation":"Against ill chances men are ever merry: But heaviness foreruns the good event.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tegenover","gloss":"opposite"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"verwachten","gloss":"be expected"},{"text":"kwade","gloss":"bad"},{"text":"kansen","gloss":"chance"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"mensen","gloss":"men, people"},{"text":"steeds","gloss":"always"},{"text":"vol","gloss":"full (of)"},{"text":"hoop;","gloss":"hope"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"zwaarmoedigheid","gloss":"heaviness"},{"text":"gaat","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"goede","gloss":"the good, what is good"},{"text":"uitslag","gloss":"outcome"},{"text":"vooraf.","gloss":"beforehand"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i7.m4a"},{"number":199,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i8","source":"Hij droeg een veer op zijn hoed.","translation":"He wore a feather in his hat.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"droeg","gloss":"to carry"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"veer","gloss":"spring"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"hoed.","gloss":"hat"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i8.m4a"},{"number":200,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i9","source":"Met complimenten haalt men bij onze vriend niets uit, of: complimenten vallen bij onze vriend glad in het water.","translation":"Compliments are entirely lost upon our friend.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"complimenten","gloss":"compliments"},{"text":"haalt","gloss":"is to find"},{"text":"men","gloss":"one, people"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"onze","gloss":"our"},{"text":"vriend","gloss":"friend"},{"text":"niets","gloss":"nothing"},{"text":"uit,","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"of:","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"complimenten","gloss":"compliments"},{"text":"vallen","gloss":"to fall"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"onze","gloss":"our"},{"text":"vriend","gloss":"friend"},{"text":"glad","gloss":"entirely"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"water.","gloss":"water"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i9.m4a"},{"number":201,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i10","source":"Wij hebben heel wat moeite gehad om achter de waarheid te komen.","translation":"We have been at great pains to find out the truth.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"heel","gloss":"whole"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"moeite","gloss":"trouble"},{"text":"gehad","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"om","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"},{"text":"achter","gloss":"behind"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"waarheid","gloss":"truth"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"komen.","gloss":"to come"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i10.m4a"},{"number":202,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i11","source":"De jachthonden waren het spoor bijster.","translation":"The hounds were at fault.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"jachthonden","gloss":"hounds"},{"text":"waren","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"spoor","gloss":"trace"},{"text":"bijster.","gloss":"at fault"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i11.m4a"},{"number":203,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i12","source":"Ik kom er eerlijk voor uit, ik voel me niet in staat vrouwelijke schoonheid te beschrijven.","translation":"I confess I am not good at descriptions of female beauty.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"kom","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"eerlijk","gloss":"honest"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"uit,","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"voel","gloss":"feel"},{"text":"me","gloss":"me"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"staat","gloss":"stands; state"},{"text":"vrouwelijke","gloss":"female"},{"text":"schoonheid","gloss":"beauty"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"beschrijven.","gloss":"describing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i12.m4a"},{"number":204,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i13","source":"Ik geloof dat de postwagen reeds klaar staat.","translation":"I believe the post-chaise is ready by this.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"geloof","gloss":"to believe"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"postwagen","gloss":"post-chaise"},{"text":"reeds","gloss":"already"},{"text":"klaar","gloss":"finished"},{"text":"staat.","gloss":"to stand"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i13.m4a"},{"number":205,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i14","source":"Het is altijd mijn grondstelling geweest dat het geld van de een zo goed is als van de ander.","translation":"It has always been a maxim with me that one man's money is as good as another's.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"altijd","gloss":"always"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"grondstelling","gloss":"principles"},{"text":"geweest","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"geld","gloss":"money"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"goed","gloss":"good, well"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"ander.","gloss":"another (person)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i14.m4a"},{"number":206,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i15","source":"Wij bezaten samen slechts een half dozijn schellingen.","translation":"We had but half a dozen shillings between us.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"bezaten","gloss":"possessed"},{"text":"samen","gloss":"together"},{"text":"slechts","gloss":"only"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"half","gloss":"half"},{"text":"dozijn","gloss":"dozen"},{"text":"schellingen.","gloss":"shillings"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i15.m4a"},{"number":207,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i16","source":"Zo werden wij ten slotte bepraat om samen de twee gros groene brillen te kopen.","translation":"So at last we were persuaded to buy the two gross of green spectacles between us.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"werden","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"ten","gloss":"in"},{"text":"slotte","gloss":"ending"},{"text":"bepraat","gloss":"persuaded"},{"text":"om","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"},{"text":"samen","gloss":"together"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"twee","gloss":"two"},{"text":"gros","gloss":"gross"},{"text":"groene","gloss":"green"},{"text":"brillen","gloss":"spectacles"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"kopen.","gloss":"to buy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i16.m4a"},{"number":208,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i17","source":"Foei, jij, een matroos, en dan nog zorg aan boord meebrengen?","translation":"For shame, you a sailor, and carry sorrow aboard?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Foei,","gloss":"For shame"},{"text":"jij,","gloss":"you"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"matroos,","gloss":"sailor, sailors"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"zorg","gloss":"care"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"boord","gloss":"board (of a ship)"},{"text":"meebrengen?","gloss":"create"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i17.m4a"},{"number":209,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i18","source":"De schrijver zal, ondanks mij, doen wat hem behaagt.","translation":"The writer will do what he pleases in spite of me.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"schrijver","gloss":"writer, author; clerk"},{"text":"zal,","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"ondanks","gloss":"in spite of"},{"text":"mij,","gloss":"me"},{"text":"doen","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"behaagt.","gloss":"pleases"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i18.m4a"},{"number":210,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i19","source":"Een papegaai die, al had ze eerder ook enig teken van leven gegeven, net zo goed een vogel van hout had kunnen zijn.","translation":"A parrot who, for any signs of life she had previously given, might have been a wooden bird.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"papegaai","gloss":"parrot"},{"text":"die,","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"had","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"eerder","gloss":"more"},{"text":"ook","gloss":"also, likewise"},{"text":"enig","gloss":"some"},{"text":"teken","gloss":"sign"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"leven","gloss":"life"},{"text":"gegeven,","gloss":"to give"},{"text":"net","gloss":"net"},{"text":"zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"goed","gloss":"good, well"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"vogel","gloss":"bird"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"hout","gloss":"wood"},{"text":"had","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"kunnen","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"zijn.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i19.m4a"},{"number":211,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i20","source":"Koren de winter over houden.","translation":"To keep corn over winter.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Koren","gloss":"corn"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"winter","gloss":"winter"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"houden.","gloss":"to keep"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i20.m4a"},{"number":212,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i21","source":"Zij twistten onder een borreltje.","translation":"They quarrelled over their liquor.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"twistten","gloss":"quarrelled"},{"text":"onder","gloss":"under; among"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"borreltje.","gloss":"liquor"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i21.m4a"},{"number":213,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i22","source":"Wanneer een man in dienst is, moest hij boven zulke nietigheden verheven zijn.","translation":"When a man is on business, he should be above such trifles.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wanneer","gloss":"if"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"man","gloss":"man; husband"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"dienst","gloss":"service"},{"text":"is,","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"moest","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"boven","gloss":"above, over"},{"text":"zulke","gloss":"such"},{"text":"nietigheden","gloss":"Nonentity"},{"text":"verheven","gloss":"sublime, elevated"},{"text":"zijn.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i22.m4a"},{"number":214,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i23","source":"Hij heeft ons een eigenhandig getekend bewijs gegeven dat hij van een geheel andere mening was.","translation":"He has left us evidence under his own hand that he was of a very different opinion.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"eigenhandig","gloss":"in his own hand"},{"text":"getekend","gloss":"signed"},{"text":"bewijs","gloss":"proof"},{"text":"gegeven","gloss":"to give"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"geheel","gloss":"whole"},{"text":"andere","gloss":"other"},{"text":"mening","gloss":"opinion"},{"text":"was.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i23.m4a"},{"number":215,"id":"val.nl.L37.e97.i24","source":"Enkele jaren geleden stonden er nog enige huizen van de oorspronkelijke kolonisten.","translation":"There were some houses of the original settlers standing within a few yards.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Enkele","gloss":"a few"},{"text":"jaren","gloss":"years"},{"text":"geleden","gloss":"suffered"},{"text":"stonden","gloss":"to stand"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"enige","gloss":"only (het enige: the only thing)"},{"text":"huizen","gloss":"houses"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"oorspronkelijke","gloss":"original"},{"text":"kolonisten.","gloss":"settlers"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e97.i24.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 37: exercise 98","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":216,"id":"val.nl.L37.e98.i1","source":"Dordrecht, 4 januari 1912.","translation":"Dordrecht, 4th January, 1912.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dordrecht,","gloss":"Dordrecht"},{"text":"4","gloss":"4th"},{"text":"januari","gloss":"January"},{"text":"1912.","gloss":"1912"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e98.i1.m4a"},{"number":217,"id":"val.nl.L37.e98.i2","source":"Den heer H. Schermmeester, Gouda.","translation":"Mr. H. Schermmeester, Gouda.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Den","gloss":"pine (the tree)"},{"text":"heer","gloss":"gentleman, lord"},{"text":"H.","gloss":"h"},{"text":"Schermmeester,","gloss":"Schermmeester"},{"text":"Gouda.","gloss":"Gouda"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e98.i2.m4a"},{"number":218,"id":"val.nl.L37.e98.i3","source":"Mijnheer,","translation":"Sir,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mijnheer,","gloss":"sir!; Mr. (as a title before a name)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e98.i3.m4a"},{"number":219,"id":"val.nl.L37.e98.i4","source":"De heer L. Stole alhier heeft ons medegedeeld dat u onlangs een zaak in kleine ijzerwaren gevestigd hebt, en daar u ongetwijfeld ook in onze fabrikaten zult doen, zijn wij zo vrij u onze prijscourant toe te zenden, met het beleefde verzoek die eens te willen inzien en ons bij gelegenheid te vereren met uw bestellingen, waarvan wij het ons ten plicht zullen maken die op de prompste en soliedste wijze uit te voeren.","translation":"Mr. L. Stole of this place has informed us that a short time back you established a business in Hardware, and as, without doubt, you are inclined to deal also in our articles, we beg to send you our last price-list, requesting you at the same time to examine it and, eventually, give us your orders, which we shall deem it our duty to dispatch promptly and to your entire satisfaction.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"heer","gloss":"gentleman, lord"},{"text":"L.","gloss":"L."},{"text":"Stole","gloss":"Stole"},{"text":"alhier","gloss":"here"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"medegedeeld","gloss":"informed"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"onlangs","gloss":"lately"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"zaak","gloss":"matter"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"kleine","gloss":"small"},{"text":"ijzerwaren","gloss":"hardware"},{"text":"gevestigd","gloss":"based"},{"text":"hebt,","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"daar","gloss":"as, since, because"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"ongetwijfeld","gloss":"undoubtedly"},{"text":"ook","gloss":"also, likewise"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"onze","gloss":"our"},{"text":"fabrikaten","gloss":"products"},{"text":"zult","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"doen,","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"vrij","gloss":"rather, quite; free"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"onze","gloss":"our"},{"text":"prijscourant","gloss":"price list"},{"text":"toe","gloss":"to"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"zenden,","gloss":"to send"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"beleefde","gloss":"courteous"},{"text":"verzoek","gloss":"request"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"eens","gloss":"once, one day"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"willen","gloss":"to want, to wish"},{"text":"inzien","gloss":"see"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"gelegenheid","gloss":"occasion, opportunity"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"vereren","gloss":"honored"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"bestellingen,","gloss":"orders"},{"text":"waarvan","gloss":"of which"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"ten","gloss":"in"},{"text":"plicht","gloss":"duty"},{"text":"zullen","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"maken","gloss":"to make (weak)"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"prompste","gloss":"prompste"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"soliedste","gloss":"most reliable"},{"text":"wijze","gloss":"manner, way"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"voeren.","gloss":"to navigate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e98.i4.m4a"},{"number":220,"id":"val.nl.L37.e98.i5","source":"Daar wij vernikkelde beslagen uitsluitend als specialiteit vervaardigen, mogen wij ons vleien in dat artikel onovertrefbare waar te kunnen leveren, en, zoals u uit onze prijslijst zult zien, zijn desondanks onze prijsnoteringen zo billijk als die van welke concurrent ook.","translation":"Confining ourselves to manufacture one particular kind of wares, viz. Nickeled bindings, we may flatter ourselves to be able to produce articles unequalled as to their quality and for which, as you will see from our price-current, we nevertheless quote prices as low as those noted by any of our competitors.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Daar","gloss":"as, since, because"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"vernikkelde","gloss":"nickeled"},{"text":"beslagen","gloss":"mounted"},{"text":"uitsluitend","gloss":"solely"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"specialiteit","gloss":"specialist"},{"text":"vervaardigen,","gloss":"manufacture"},{"text":"mogen","gloss":"may"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"vleien","gloss":"flatter"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"artikel","gloss":"article"},{"text":"onovertrefbare","gloss":"unequalled"},{"text":"waar","gloss":"where; true"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"kunnen","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"leveren,","gloss":"hand over"},{"text":"en,","gloss":"and"},{"text":"zoals","gloss":"as"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"onze","gloss":"our"},{"text":"prijslijst","gloss":"price list"},{"text":"zult","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"zien,","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"desondanks","gloss":"nevertheless"},{"text":"onze","gloss":"our"},{"text":"prijsnoteringen","gloss":"price quotations"},{"text":"zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"billijk","gloss":"reasonable"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"welke","gloss":"which, what"},{"text":"concurrent","gloss":"competitor"},{"text":"ook.","gloss":"also, likewise"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e98.i5.m4a"},{"number":221,"id":"val.nl.L37.e98.i6","source":"Wij hopen dan ook weldra enigerlei bestelling van u te zullen ontvangen, en zijn graag bereid om u, desgewenst, een verzameling monsters toe te zenden.","translation":"We hope shortly to receive an order from your respected house, and are ready to transmit you a collection of patterns upon your demand.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"hopen","gloss":"be hoped"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"ook","gloss":"also, likewise"},{"text":"weldra","gloss":"soon"},{"text":"enigerlei","gloss":"some kind of"},{"text":"bestelling","gloss":"order"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"zullen","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"ontvangen,","gloss":"received"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"graag","gloss":"gladly, with pleasure"},{"text":"bereid","gloss":"ready"},{"text":"om","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"},{"text":"u,","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"desgewenst,","gloss":"if desired"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"verzameling","gloss":"collection; gathering"},{"text":"monsters","gloss":"monster"},{"text":"toe","gloss":"to"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"zenden.","gloss":"to send"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e98.i6.m4a"},{"number":222,"id":"val.nl.L37.e98.i7","source":"Met alle achting,","translation":"Yours respectfully.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"alle","gloss":"all"},{"text":"achting,","gloss":"respect, regard"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e98.i7.m4a"},{"number":223,"id":"val.nl.L37.e98.i8","source":"De Erven Binnendijk.","translation":"De Erven Binnendijk.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Erven","gloss":"plots"},{"text":"Binnendijk.","gloss":"Binnendijk"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e98.i8.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 37: exercise 99","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":224,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i1","source":"Hij kent geen a voor een b.","translation":"He does not know a B from a bull's foot.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"kent","gloss":"knows"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"a","gloss":"A"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"b.","gloss":"B"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i1.m4a"},{"number":225,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i2","source":"Hij slaat altijd op hetzelfde aanbeeld.","translation":"He is always harping upon the same string.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"slaat","gloss":"beats"},{"text":"altijd","gloss":"always"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"hetzelfde","gloss":"the same"},{"text":"aanbeeld.","gloss":"anvil"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i2.m4a"},{"number":226,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i3","source":"Iets voor een appel en een ei kopen.","translation":"To buy a thing for an old song.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Iets","gloss":"something"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"appel","gloss":"apple"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"ei","gloss":"egg, eggs"},{"text":"kopen.","gloss":"to buy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i3.m4a"},{"number":227,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i4","source":"Om 's keizers baard twisten.","translation":"To quarrel about nothing.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Om","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"},{"text":"'s","gloss":"(abbreviation)"},{"text":"keizers","gloss":"Emperor"},{"text":"baard","gloss":"beard"},{"text":"twisten.","gloss":"to quarrel"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i4.m4a"},{"number":228,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i5","source":"Bitter in de mond maakt het hart gezond.","translation":"Bitter pills may have sweet effects.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Bitter","gloss":"bitterly"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"mond","gloss":"a mouth, mouths"},{"text":"maakt","gloss":"to make (weak)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"hart","gloss":"heart"},{"text":"gezond.","gloss":"common"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i5.m4a"},{"number":229,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i6","source":"Veel snaren op zijn boog hebben.","translation":"To have several strings to one's bow.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Veel","gloss":"much"},{"text":"snaren","gloss":"strings"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"boog","gloss":"bent"},{"text":"hebben.","gloss":"to have, to have had"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i6.m4a"},{"number":230,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i7","source":"Aan de vruchten kent men de boom.","translation":"A tree is known by its fruit.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"vruchten","gloss":"fruits"},{"text":"kent","gloss":"knows"},{"text":"men","gloss":"one, people"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"boom.","gloss":"tree"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i7.m4a"},{"number":231,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i8","source":"Een boom valt niet met de eerste slag.","translation":"An oak is not felled at one chop.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"boom","gloss":"tree"},{"text":"valt","gloss":"to fall"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"eerste","gloss":"the former (the first-mentioned)"},{"text":"slag.","gloss":"blow"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i8.m4a"},{"number":232,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i9","source":"Rome is niet op één dag gebouwd.","translation":"Rome was not built in a day.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Rome","gloss":"Rome"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"één","gloss":"one"},{"text":"dag","gloss":"day"},{"text":"gebouwd.","gloss":"built"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i9.m4a"},{"number":233,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i10","source":"Bij de duivel te biecht gaan.","translation":"To confess to the devil.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"duivel","gloss":"devils"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"biecht","gloss":"confession"},{"text":"gaan.","gloss":"to go"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i10.m4a"},{"number":234,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i11","source":"Elk voor zich en God voor ons allen.","translation":"Every man for himself, and, God for us all.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Elk","gloss":"each"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"God","gloss":"God"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"allen.","gloss":"all"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i11.m4a"},{"number":235,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i12","source":"Voor de geleerden is goed preken.","translation":"A word is enough to the wise.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"geleerden","gloss":"scholars"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"goed","gloss":"good, well"},{"text":"preken.","gloss":"preach"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i12.m4a"},{"number":236,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i13","source":"Men moet de gelegenheid bij het haar grijpen.","translation":"One must take time by the fore-lock.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Men","gloss":"one, people"},{"text":"moet","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"gelegenheid","gloss":"occasion, opportunity"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"haar","gloss":"her"},{"text":"grijpen.","gloss":"to catch"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i13.m4a"},{"number":237,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i14","source":"Iemand het gras voor de voeten wegmaaien.","translation":"To take the food out of one's mouth.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Iemand","gloss":"someone"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"gras","gloss":"grass"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"voeten","gloss":"feet"},{"text":"wegmaaien.","gloss":"mow away"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i14.m4a"},{"number":238,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i15","source":"Een haan is stout op eigen dam.","translation":"Every cock is proud of his own dunghill.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"haan","gloss":"rooster"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"stout","gloss":"daring"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"eigen","gloss":"own"},{"text":"dam.","gloss":"dams"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i15.m4a"},{"number":239,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i16","source":"Tussen de hamer en het aanbeeld zijn.","translation":"Between hawk and buzzard.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tussen","gloss":"between"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"hamer","gloss":"hammer"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"aanbeeld","gloss":"anvil"},{"text":"zijn.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i16.m4a"},{"number":240,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i17","source":"Van de hand in de tand leven.","translation":"They live from hand to mouth.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"hand","gloss":"a hand, hands"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"tand","gloss":"teeth"},{"text":"leven.","gloss":"life"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i17.m4a"},{"number":241,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i18","source":"Heet en koud uit een mond blazen.","translation":"To blow hot and cold with the same breath.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Heet","gloss":"am called"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"koud","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"mond","gloss":"a mouth, mouths"},{"text":"blazen.","gloss":"to blow"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i18.m4a"},{"number":242,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i19","source":"Kom ik over de hond, dan kom ik over de staart.","translation":"He that ate the cow must not worry on the tail.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Kom","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"hond,","gloss":"the dog, dogs"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"kom","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"staart.","gloss":"gazes"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i19.m4a"},{"number":243,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i20","source":"Als twee honden vechten om een been, loopt een derde er mee heen.","translation":"When two dogs are over a bone, a third will snatch it away from them.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"twee","gloss":"two"},{"text":"honden","gloss":"the dog, dogs"},{"text":"vechten","gloss":"to fight"},{"text":"om","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"been,","gloss":"leg"},{"text":"loopt","gloss":"to walk"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"derde","gloss":"third"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"mee","gloss":"along, with"},{"text":"heen.","gloss":"away"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i20.m4a"},{"number":244,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i21","source":"Hoogmoed komt voor de val.","translation":"Pride goes before, and shame follows after.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoogmoed","gloss":"Hoogmoed"},{"text":"komt","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"val.","gloss":"fall"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i21.m4a"},{"number":245,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i22","source":"De kolf naar de bal werpen.","translation":"To throw the helve after the hatchet.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kolf","gloss":"club"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"bal","gloss":"ball"},{"text":"werpen.","gloss":"to throw"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i22.m4a"},{"number":246,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i23","source":"De spijker op de kop slaan.","translation":"To hit the nail on the head.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"spijker","gloss":"nail"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kop","gloss":"head"},{"text":"slaan.","gloss":"to beat"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i23.m4a"},{"number":247,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i24","source":"Bij gebrek aan brood eet men korstjes van pasteien.","translation":"In the absence of water one must make a shift with wine.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"gebrek","gloss":"lack"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"brood","gloss":"bread"},{"text":"eet","gloss":"to eat"},{"text":"men","gloss":"one, people"},{"text":"korstjes","gloss":"crusts"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"pasteien.","gloss":"pies"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i24.m4a"},{"number":248,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i25","source":"Voor een harde kwast moet een scherpe beitel zijn.","translation":"To a rude ass a rude keeper.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"harde","gloss":"loud"},{"text":"kwast","gloss":"knot"},{"text":"moet","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"scherpe","gloss":"sharp"},{"text":"beitel","gloss":"chisel"},{"text":"zijn.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i25.m4a"},{"number":249,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i26","source":"Leer om leer.","translation":"Tit for tat.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Leer","gloss":"teach"},{"text":"om","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"},{"text":"leer.","gloss":"teach"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i26.m4a"},{"number":250,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i27","source":"Schoenmaker, blijf bij je leest.","translation":"A cobbler should stick to his last.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Schoenmaker,","gloss":"Schoenmaker"},{"text":"blijf","gloss":"to remain, stay"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"leest.","gloss":"to read"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i27.m4a"},{"number":251,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i28","source":"Hij is met zijn linkerbeen uit het bed gestapt.","translation":"He has got out of bed the wrong foot foremost.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"linkerbeen","gloss":"left leg"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"bed","gloss":"bed"},{"text":"gestapt.","gloss":"stepped"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i28.m4a"},{"number":252,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i29","source":"List gaat boven geweld.","translation":"Cunning is better than force.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"List","gloss":"cunning"},{"text":"gaat","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"boven","gloss":"above, over"},{"text":"geweld.","gloss":"force"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i29.m4a"},{"number":253,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i30","source":"Er is altijd meester boven meester.","translation":"Every man may meet his match.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"altijd","gloss":"always"},{"text":"meester","gloss":"teacher (in everyday speech, meester/schoolmeester is often used for a primary-school teacher; a teacher at a public secondary school (H.B.S.) or a gymnasium is called leraar, a university professor is called professor or hoogleraar)"},{"text":"boven","gloss":"above, over"},{"text":"meester.","gloss":"teacher (in everyday speech, meester/schoolmeester is often used for a primary-school teacher; a teacher at a public secondary school (H.B.S.) or a gymnasium is called leraar, a university professor is called professor or hoogleraar)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i30.m4a"},{"number":254,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i31","source":"Dit is een mes, dat aan twee kanten snijdt.","translation":"This is a rule that works both ways.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dit","gloss":"this"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"mes,","gloss":"knife"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"twee","gloss":"two"},{"text":"kanten","gloss":"sides"},{"text":"snijdt.","gloss":"to cut"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i31.m4a"},{"number":255,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i32","source":"De morgenstond heeft goud in de mond.","translation":"Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"morgenstond","gloss":"break of morning"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"goud","gloss":"gold"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"mond.","gloss":"a mouth, mouths"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i32.m4a"},{"number":256,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i33","source":"Olie in het vuur werpen.","translation":"To add fuel to the fire.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Olie","gloss":"oil"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"vuur","gloss":"fire"},{"text":"werpen.","gloss":"to throw"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i33.m4a"},{"number":257,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i34","source":"Uit het oog, uit het hart.","translation":"Out of sight, out of mind.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"oog,","gloss":"eye"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"hart.","gloss":"heart"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i34.m4a"},{"number":258,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i35","source":"Het paard achter de wagen spannen.","translation":"To put the cart before the horse.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"paard","gloss":"horse"},{"text":"achter","gloss":"behind"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"wagen","gloss":"carriage"},{"text":"spannen.","gloss":"to stretch"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i35.m4a"},{"number":259,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i36","source":"De regen schuwen en in de sloot vallen.","translation":"Out of the frying pan into the fire.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"regen","gloss":"rain"},{"text":"schuwen","gloss":"timid"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"sloot","gloss":"closed"},{"text":"vallen.","gloss":"to fall"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i36.m4a"},{"number":260,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i37","source":"Spijkers op laag water zoeken.","translation":"To seek for a needle in a hay-stack.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Spijkers","gloss":"nails"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"laag","gloss":"low"},{"text":"water","gloss":"water"},{"text":"zoeken.","gloss":"to try, to seek"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i37.m4a"},{"number":261,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i38","source":"De tering naar de nering zetten.","translation":"You must cut your coat according to your cloth.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"tering","gloss":"consumption"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"nering","gloss":"trade"},{"text":"zetten.","gloss":"to put, to set"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i38.m4a"},{"number":262,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i39","source":"Dat is koren op zijn molen.","translation":"This is grist to his mill.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"koren","gloss":"grain"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"molen.","gloss":"windmill"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i39.m4a"},{"number":263,"id":"val.nl.L37.e99.i40","source":"Alle wegen leiden naar Rome.","translation":"All roads lead to Rome.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Alle","gloss":"all"},{"text":"wegen","gloss":"roads"},{"text":"leiden","gloss":"lead"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"Rome.","gloss":"Rome"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L37.e99.i40.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 38: List of verbs and adjectives used with prepositions","teaching":[{"title":"Words with a set preposition","paragraphs":["Many Dutch verbs and adjectives take a set preposition after them. The list gives each word with its preposition, then the English meaning.","Read an entry as one phrase. Denken aan means think of. Wachten op means wait for. The Dutch preposition often differs from the English one.","Some lines give two prepositions. Bang voor, van means afraid of. Both voor and van are used after bang. Learn each word with its preposition."]},{"title":"List of verbs and adjectives used with prepositions","paragraphs":["The following list of verbs and adjectives will give further assistance in the proper application of the prepositions."]}],"lines":[{"number":264,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.1.1","source":"Aandringen op","translation":"insist on, upon","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Aandringen","gloss":"press"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.1.1.m4a"},{"number":265,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.1.2","source":"beroven van","translation":"deprive of, rob of, strip of","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"beroven","gloss":"robbed"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.1.2.m4a"},{"number":266,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.1.3","source":"blaffen naar","translation":"bark at","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"blaffen","gloss":"bark"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.1.3.m4a"},{"number":267,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.1.4","source":"dromen van","translation":"dream of","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"dromen","gloss":"dream"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.1.4.m4a"},{"number":268,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.1.5","source":"goed voor iemand","translation":"kind to (one)","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"goed","gloss":"good, well"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"iemand","gloss":"someone"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.1.5.m4a"},{"number":269,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.1.6","source":"kijken naar","translation":"look at","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"kijken","gloss":"to look"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.1.6.m4a"},{"number":270,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.1.7","source":"misnoegd met, over","translation":"displeased with","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"misnoegd","gloss":"displeased with"},{"text":"met,","gloss":"displeased with"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.1.7.m4a"},{"number":271,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.1.8","source":"ontlast van","translation":"discharged from","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ontlast","gloss":"relieved"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.1.8.m4a"},{"number":272,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.1.9","source":"pikken naar","translation":"peck at","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"pikken","gloss":"peck"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.1.9.m4a"},{"number":273,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.1.10","source":"schreien om","translation":"cry for","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"schreien","gloss":"weep"},{"text":"om","gloss":"smile at"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.1.10.m4a"},{"number":274,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.1.11","source":"strekken tot","translation":"tend to","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"strekken","gloss":"serve"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"until, to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.1.11.m4a"},{"number":275,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.1.12","source":"veranderen in","translation":"convert into","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"veranderen","gloss":"change"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.1.12.m4a"},{"number":276,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.1.13","source":"verlossen uit","translation":"release from","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"verlossen","gloss":"rescued"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.1.13.m4a"},{"number":277,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.1.14","source":"voegen bij","translation":"annex to","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"voegen","gloss":"add"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.1.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":579,"text":"List of verbs and adjectives used with prepositions\n\nThe following list of verbs and adjectives will give further assistance in the proper application of the prepositions.\n\nAandringen op                 insist on, upon\naangaan bij                   call on, at\naangenaam voor                pleasant to\naankomen te                   arrive at\naanspraak hebben op           entitled to\naanvangen met                 set about\naarden naar                   take after\nadresseren aan                direct to\nafhangen van                  depend on, upon\nafhankelijk van               dependent on\nafkerig van                   averse to\nafleiden uit                  infer from\nafpersen van                  extort from\nafreizen naar                 depart for\nafstammen van                 descend from\naftrekken van                 abstract from, subtract from\nafwezig van                   absent from\nafwijken van                  depart from\narm aan                       poor in\nBang voor, van                afraid of\nbarsten van                   burst with\nberoemd door, om, wegens      famous for\nzich beroemen op              boast of\nzich beroepen op              appeal to\nberoven van                   deprive of, rob of, strip of\nberouw hebben over            repent of\nberucht door, om, wegens      notorious for\nbeschermen voor               screen from, shield from\nbeschermen tegen              protect against\nbeschikken over               dispose of\nbeslissen over                decide on\nbesluiten tot                 determine on, resolve on, upon\nbesluiten uit                 conclude from\nbestaan in                    consist in\nbestaan uit                   consist of\nbetrokken in                  concerned in\nbeven van                     tremble with, shake with, shiver with\nbevoegd tot                   qualified for\nbevorderen tot                make\nbevreesd voor, van            afraid of\nbevrijd van                   rid of\nbevrijden van                 deliver from\nbewaren voor                  preserve from\nbezig aan                     occupied with\nbezwaard met                  oppressed with\nbijdragen tot                 contribute to, tend to\nbijten naar                   bite at\nbleek van                     pale with\nblaffen naar                  bark at\nblijde over                   glad of, at\nblind aan één oog             blind of (one eye)\nblind van                     blind with\nblind voor                    blind to\nblozen van, over              blush at, for\nboos op                       angry with\nboos over                     angry at\nbranden van                   burn with\nbuigen voor                   bow to\niemand condoleren met         condole with a person for\nDeelnemen aan                 partake of\ndenken aan                    think of\ndenken over                   think about\ntot niets dienen              be of no use\ndoelen op                     aim at\ndol van                       mad with\ndoof aan                      deaf of\ndoof van, met                 deaf with\ndoof voor                     deaf to\ndoordringen in                penetrate into\ndorsten naar                  thirst after, for\ndrinken op                    drink to\ndronken van                   intoxicated with\ndromen van                    dream of\nduizelig van                  giddy with\nEerzuchtig naar               ambitious of\neisen van                     require of\nzich ergeren over             be offended at, with, be vexed at\nervaren in                    skilful at, in\ngebrand zijn op               be fond of, be mad of\ngebruikelijk bij              usual with\ngekweld door                  tormented with\ngelegen aan                   situated on\ngeloven aan iets              to believe in\ngepast voor                   suitable to\ngerust over, omtrent          easy about\ngeschikt tot, voor            fit for\ngetroffen door                moved at, struck with\ngetrouw aan                   faithful to\ngeven aan                     give to\ngeven om                      care for\ngevoelig voor                 sensible of\ngevoelloos voor               insensible to\nglimlachen over, om           smile at\nglinsteren van                sparkle with\ngloeien van                   glow with\ngluren naar                   peep at\ngoed voor iemand              kind to (one)\ngooien naar                   throw at\ngrenzen aan                   border on, upon\ngretig naar                   greedy of\ngrijpen naar                  grasp at, snatch at\ngrommen over                  grumble at\ngroots op                     proud of\nHandelen overeenkomstig       act up to\nhangen aan                    hang on\nhappen naar                   snap at\nheilig door, van              sacred from\nherinneren aan                remind of\nherkennen aan                 know by\nherstellen van                recover from\nhijgen naar                   pant for\nzich hoeden voor              beware of, guard against\nhoren van                     hear from, hear about, of\nhopen op iemand               place one's hope in (one)\nhopen op iets                 hope for\nhuiveren van                  shudder with\nIJdel op                      vain of\ningenomen met                 pleased with\nJaloers op                    jealous of\nKiezen tot                    choose ..., choose for\nkijken naar                   look at\nklagen over                   complain of\nkleven aan                    stick to\nkloppen aan                   knock at, rap at\nkloppen van                   palpitate with\nknabbelen aan                 nibble at\nknielen voor                  kneel to\nknikken tegen                 nod to\nkoken van                     boil with\nkopen van                     buy from, of\nkwellen door iets             worry with\nkwijnen om                    pine for\nLachen om                     laugh at\nlam aan                       lame of\nlanden aan                    land on\nlastig voor                   troublesome to\nlenen van                     borrow of, from\nleven van                     feed on, upon, live on\nletten op                     attend to\nlijden aan                    suffer from\nlosmaken uit                  disentangle from\nluisteren naar                listen to\nMerkwaardig voor, wegens      remarkable for\nmikken op                     aim at\nmisnoegd met, over            displeased with\nmoede van                     sick of, weary of, tired of, with\nmompelen over                 mutter at\nNadenken over                 ponder on, reflect on, upon\nnaijverig op                  jealous of\nnat van                       wet with\nneergedrukt door              oppressed with\nnoodlottig voor               fatal to\nnoodzakelijk voor             necessary for, to\nOmkomen van                   perish with\nomringd door                  surrounded by, with\nonafhankelijk van             independent of\nonafscheidelijk van           inseparable from\nonbekend met                  ignorant of\nonderhevig aan                liable to\nonderrichten van              inform about, of\nonderscheiden van             distinguish from\nongerust over                 uneasy about\nongevoelig voor               insensible to\nonschuldig aan                innocent of\nontbloot van                  void of\nontheffen van                 relieve from\nzich onthouden van            abstain from\nontkomen aan                  escape from\nontlast van                   discharged from\nontrukken aan                 tear from\nontslaan van                  absolve from, release from\nontslagen van                 exempt from\nontstaan uit                  arise from\nontvlamd van                  inflamed with\nonverschillig voor            indifferent to\nonwetend van                  ignorant of\nonzichtbaar voor              invisible to\noordelen naar                 judge from\noordelen over                 decide on, judge of\nopgetogen over                overjoyed at, with\nopkomen bij iemand            occur to (one)\nopmaken uit                   gather from\noprecht jegens                true to\novereenkomen omtrent          agree about\novereenkomen met              agree with\novereenkomstig met            agreeable to\novereenstemmen met            agree with\noverstelpt door               overwhelmed with\novertuigen van                convince of\noverweldigd door              oppressed with, overwhelmed with\nPassend aan                   suitable to\npeinzen over                  reflect on, upon\npikken naar                   peck at\npochen op                     boast of\npraten over                   talk about, of\npreken tot, voor              preach to\nRechtvaardig jegens           just to\nredden uit                    rescue from\nregeren over                  reign over, rule over\nrekenen op                    depend on, upon\nrieken naar                   savour of, smell of\nrijk aan                      rich in\nrijk zijn aan                 abound in, with\nrillen van                    shiver with, shudder with\nroemen op                     glory in\nrukken uit                    snatch from\nSamengesteld uit              composed of\nschadelijk voor               hurtful to\nschatten op                   estimate at\nscheiden van                  part from\nschenken aan                  bestow on, upon\nschertsen over                jest at\nschieten op                   shoot at, fire at\nzich schikken naar            comply with\nschoppen naar                 kick at\nschreeuwen om                 cry for\nschreien om                   cry for\nschreien van                  cry with\nschrikken bij, op             start at\nschuimbekken van              foam with\nschuldig aan                  guilty of\nsidderen van                  quake with\nslaan naar                    strike at\nslingeren naar                hurl at\nsmaak voor                    taste for\nsmaken naar                   savour of, taste of\nsmartelijk voor               grievous to\nsmijten naar                  throw at\nsmoren door, van              smother with, stifle with, suffocate with\nsnakken naar                  gasp for\nspotten met                   jest at, scoff at\nspreken over                  speak about\nspreken tot                   speak to\nstaren naar                   stare at\nstaren op                     gaze on\nsterven aan                   die of, from\nsterven van                   die with, of\nstijf van                     stiff with\nstikken door, van             smother with, stifle with, suffocate with\nstoten aan                    push at\nstrekken tot                  tend to\nstreven naar                  aim at, aspire at, strive after\nstrijden tegen                contend with\nstrijdig met                  opposite to\nTeleurgesteld in              disappointed in\nterugdeinzen voor             to shrink from\ntevreden met, over            contented with, satisfied with\ntikken aan                    tap at\ntoegevend jegens              indulgent to\ntoekijken op                  look after\ntoestemmen in                 consent to\ntrachten naar                 aim at\ntreuren over                  mourn for\ntrots op                      proud of\ntrouweloos jegens             false to\ntwijfelen aan                 doubt of\nUitgeput van                  exhausted with, faint with\nuitgesloten van               excluded from\nuitvaren tegen                rail at, against\nuitweiden over                descant on, upon, dwell on, expatiate on\nuitzonderen van               except from\nVals jegens                   false to\nvatbaar voor                  liable to\nveilig voor                   safe from, secure from\nveranderen in                 convert into\nverbaasd over                 amazed at\nverbannen uit                 banish from\nverbergen voor                conceal from, hide from\nzich verbergen voor           hide oneself from\nverbitterd op                 embittered at, against, irritated against\nverblinden door               dazzle with\nverdedigen tegen              defend from, against\nverdelen in                   divide into\nverdenken van                 suspect of\nverdiept in                   intent on\nverdoofd door                 stunned with\nverenigen met                 annex to, unite to, with\nvergelijken met               compare to, with\nzich verheugen over           rejoice at\nverhit door                   inflamed with\nverkiezen boven               prefer to\nverkleumd van                 benumbed with\nverkwikt door                 refreshed with\nverlangen naar                long for, wish for\nzich verlaten op              rely on, upon\nverleid door iets             tempted with\nverlokt door iets             tempted with\nverliefd op                   amorous of, in love with\nverlossen uit                 release from\nverlossen van                 deliver from\nvermaard om, wegens           famous for\nvermaken met                  amuse with\nzich vermaken over            make merry over, enjoy\nvermoeid van                  fatigued with\nzich verontschuldigen wegens  apologise for\nverrast door                  surprised at\nverre van                     far from\nverrukt over                  delighted with\nverschillen van               differ from, with\nverschillend van              different from\nverschonen van                excuse from\nverschrikken van              frighten with\nvertrekken naar               set out for, start for\nvertrouwen op                 confide in\nvertrouwen stellen op         confide in\nverwijderd van                distant from, remote from\nverwonderd door               surprised at\nverwonderd over               astonished at\nzich verwonderen over         wonder at\nvestigen op                   fix upon\nvluchten voor                 fly before, from\nzich voeden met               feed on, upon\nvoegen bij                    annex to\nvoldaan over                  satisfied with\nvolharden in                  persist in\nvoorkomend jegens             kind to\nvoorstellen aan, bij          introduce to\nvoortvloeien uit              result from\nvoorzien van                  furnish with, provide with, supply with\nvorderen van                  require of\nvragen naar                   ask after, inquire after\nvragen om                     ask for\nvragen omtrent                inquire about\nvragen over                   question on\nvrezen voor                   fear for\nvriendelijk jegens            kind to\nvrij van                      exempt from, free from\nvuren op                      fire at\nWaarschuwen voor              warn against\nwachten op                    wait for\nzich wachten voor             beware of, guard against\nwanhopen aan                  despair of\nwenen om, van                 weep with, for\nwenen over                    weep at\nweergalmen van                resound with\nwekken uit                    rouse from\nzich wenden tot               apply to\nwerpen naar                   throw at\nwijzen naar                   point at\nwonen aan                     live by\nZinspelen op                  allude to, hint at\nzoeken naar                   look for, seek for\nzondigen tegen                trespass against\nzorgen voor                   provide for\nzorgvuldig voor               careful of\nzuiveren van                  cleanse from\n\nA few from the list\nAandringen op        insist on, upon\naangaan bij          call on, at\naangenaam voor       pleasant to\naankomen te          arrive at\naanspraak hebben op  entitled to\naanvangen met        set about\naarden naar          take after\nadresseren aan       direct to\nafhangen van         depend on, upon\nafhankelijk van      dependent on"},{"section":580,"text":"List of English words with prepositions\n\nbijvoegen, vermeerderen              Add to\ntoelaten                             admit of\naannemen                             agree to\nbepalen                              agree on\nbedragen                             amount to\nverantwoorden                        answer for\ntoepassen                            apply to\ngoedkeuren                           approve of\nbedienen                             attend on, upon\nverlenen, schenken                   bestow upon, on\ndulden, verdragen                    Bear with\nbestellen, afhalen                   Call for\ntoeroepen                            call to\nberekenen                            charge for\nopdragen                             charge with\nafzetten                             cheat of\nschenken, verlenen                   confer on, upon\nbehandelen                           Deal with\nontnemen                             deprive of\ntegenvallen                          be disappointed in\nontberen                             dispense with\nuitsluitend                          Exclusive of\nuithelpen, uitredden                 extricate from\naanpassen                            Fit on\nuitrusten                            fit out\nin orde brengen                      fit up\naangapen                             Gape at\naanstaren                            gaze at\nstrak aanzien                        gaze on, upon\nvluchtig aanzien                     glance at\nbetreuren, grieven                   grieve at\ngissen, vermoeden                    guess at\naarzelen                             Hesitate at\nbeletten, hinderen                   hinder from\nnajagen, overal zoeken               hunt after\nontdekken, opsporen                  hunt down\nbedriegen                            Impose upon\nminder dan                           inferior to\niemand aanklagen                     inform against (one)\nonderzoeken                          inquire into\nuitlachen                            Laugh at\naangrijpen                           lay hold of\nrondkijken, rondzien                 look about\nnagaan                               look after\naankijken                            look at\nonderzoeken                          look into\nontmoeten                            Meet with\ntegenwerpen, ergens op tegen hebben  Object to\ntegenoverstellen                     oppose to\ntegenover                            opposite to\nwegdoen                              Part with\nvolhouden                            persist in\nkaart spelen                         play at (cards etc.)\noverdenken                           ponder on\nverhinderen                          prevent from\naangrijpen                           Seize upon\nlaten halen                          send for\niemand de hand schudden              shake hands with (one)\niemand vriendelijk toelachen         smile on (one)\ntoesnauwen                           snarl at\nontrukken                            snatch from\nminachtend glimlachen                sneer at\naanstaren                            stare at\novertreden                           Trespass on\nbedienen                             Wait on\nbeweenen                             weep for\noogluikend toelaten                  wink at\nwaardig                              worthy of\n\nA few from the list\nbijvoegen, vermeerderen  Add to\ntoelaten                 admit of\naannemen                 agree to\nbepalen                  agree on\nbedragen                 amount to\nverantwoorden            answer for\ntoepassen                apply to\ngoedkeuren               approve of\nbedienen                 attend on, upon\nverlenen, schenken       bestow upon, on"}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 38: List of English words with prepositions","teaching":[{"title":"Words without a preposition in Dutch","paragraphs":["Some English words need a preposition where the Dutch word takes none. The list gives the Dutch first and the English second.","Goedkeuren means approve of. Toelaten means admit of. Aannemen means agree to. Use each Dutch word without a preposition after it.","Some lines give two Dutch words for one English phrase. Verlenen, schenken means bestow upon, on. Either Dutch word fits."]}],"lines":[{"number":278,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.2.1","source":"bijvoegen, vermeerderen","translation":"Add to","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"bijvoegen,","gloss":"to add"},{"text":"vermeerderen","gloss":"Add to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.2.1.m4a"},{"number":279,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.2.2","source":"bedragen","translation":"amount to","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"bedragen","gloss":"amount to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.2.2.m4a"},{"number":280,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.2.3","source":"bedienen","translation":"attend on, upon","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"bedienen","gloss":"attend on, upon"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.2.3.m4a"},{"number":281,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.2.4","source":"toeroepen","translation":"call to","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"toeroepen","gloss":"to cry to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.2.4.m4a"},{"number":282,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.2.5","source":"schenken, verlenen","translation":"confer on, upon","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"schenken,","gloss":"to grant"},{"text":"verlenen","gloss":"bestow upon, on"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.2.5.m4a"},{"number":283,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.2.6","source":"ontberen","translation":"dispense with","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ontberen","gloss":"dispense with"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.2.6.m4a"},{"number":284,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.2.7","source":"uitrusten","translation":"fit out","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"uitrusten","gloss":"fit out"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.2.7.m4a"},{"number":285,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.2.8","source":"strak aanzien","translation":"gaze on, upon","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"strak","gloss":"fixedly"},{"text":"aanzien","gloss":"respect, standing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.2.8.m4a"},{"number":286,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.2.9","source":"aarzelen","translation":"Hesitate at","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"aarzelen","gloss":"Hesitate at"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.2.9.m4a"},{"number":287,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.2.10","source":"bedriegen","translation":"Impose upon","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"bedriegen","gloss":"to cheat"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.2.10.m4a"},{"number":288,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.2.11","source":"uitlachen","translation":"Laugh at","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"uitlachen","gloss":"to laugh at"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.2.11.m4a"},{"number":289,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.2.12","source":"aankijken","translation":"look at","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"aankijken","gloss":"look at"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.2.12.m4a"},{"number":290,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.2.13","source":"tegenoverstellen","translation":"oppose to","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"tegenoverstellen","gloss":"oppose to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.2.13.m4a"},{"number":291,"id":"val.nl.L38.x.2.14","source":"kaart spelen","translation":"play at (cards etc.)","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"kaart","gloss":"cards"},{"text":"spelen","gloss":"to play"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.x.2.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Waarom wordt men klerk? (Vervolg.)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":292,"id":"val.nl.L38.r.0","source":"Waarom wordt men klerk? (Vervolg.)","translation":"Why does one become a clerk? (Continued.)","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Waarom","gloss":"why"},{"text":"wordt","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"men","gloss":"one, people"},{"text":"klerk?","gloss":"clerk"},{"text":"(Vervolg.)","gloss":"future"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.r.0.m4a"},{"number":293,"id":"val.nl.L38.r.1","source":"En toch is het aardig om naar dat groepje daar te kijken: een van de jongens heeft een stuk krijt gevonden, en kijk eens hoe hij tekent, hoe hij karikaturiseert!","translation":"And yet it is amusing to look at that group over there: one of the boys has found a piece of chalk, and just see how he draws, how he caricatures!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"En","gloss":"and"},{"text":"toch","gloss":"indeed, after all (here: 'I did warn you, after all')"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"aardig","gloss":"charming"},{"text":"om","gloss":"smile at"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"groepje","gloss":"small group"},{"text":"daar","gloss":"as, since, because"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"kijken:","gloss":"to look"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"jongens","gloss":"boys"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"stuk","gloss":"piece"},{"text":"krijt","gloss":"chalk"},{"text":"gevonden,","gloss":"to find"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"kijk","gloss":"to look"},{"text":"eens","gloss":"once, one day"},{"text":"hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"tekent,","gloss":"signed"},{"text":"hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"karikaturiseert!","gloss":"caricatures"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.r.1.m4a"},{"number":294,"id":"val.nl.L38.r.2","source":"Hij gaat mank aan hetzelfde euvel waaraan wij allemaal lijden; hij overdrijft!","translation":"He suffers from the same failing we all suffer from; he exaggerates!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"gaat","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"mank","gloss":"lame"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"hetzelfde","gloss":"the same"},{"text":"euvel","gloss":"amiss"},{"text":"waaraan","gloss":"from which"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"allemaal","gloss":"all"},{"text":"lijden;","gloss":"to suffer"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"overdrijft!","gloss":"exaggerates"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.r.2.m4a"},{"number":295,"id":"val.nl.L38.r.3","source":"De neus van de meester steekt de draak met alle verhouding.","translation":"The master's nose makes a mockery of all proportion.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"neus","gloss":"nose"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"meester","gloss":"teacher (in everyday speech, meester/schoolmeester is often used for a primary-school teacher; a teacher at a public secondary school (H.B.S.) or a gymnasium is called leraar, a university professor is called professor or hoogleraar)"},{"text":"steekt","gloss":"to sting, to put"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"draak","gloss":"mockery"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"alle","gloss":"all"},{"text":"verhouding.","gloss":"relation"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.r.3.m4a"},{"number":296,"id":"val.nl.L38.r.4","source":"Maar geen nood, er zijn critici om hem heen, recensenten voor iedereen die zijn werk aan de beschouwing van het publiek blootstelt; wat is billijker?","translation":"But never mind, there are critics all around him, reviewers for everyone who exposes his work to public scrutiny; what could be fairer?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"nood,","gloss":"want"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"critici","gloss":"critics"},{"text":"om","gloss":"smile at"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"heen,","gloss":"away"},{"text":"recensenten","gloss":"reviewers"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"iedereen","gloss":"everyone"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"werk","gloss":"work"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"beschouwing","gloss":"Reflections"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"publiek","gloss":"public"},{"text":"blootstelt;","gloss":"exposes"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"billijker?","gloss":"fair"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.r.4.m4a"},{"number":297,"id":"val.nl.L38.r.5","source":"Als je je aanstaande timmerman vindt in die drie voet hoge wijsheid die daar een strohalm als winkelhaak gebruikt, sta mij toe het op te nemen voor de vlugge jongen die een eindje verderop een vlinder achternaloopt: hij zal branden van verlangen om te ondernemen; hij zal koopman worden; hij zal wagen en winnen.","translation":"If you find your future carpenter in that three-foot-high wisdom over there using a straw as a set square, allow me to take up for the quick one who a little further off is chasing a butterfly: he will burn with eagerness to undertake things; he will become a merchant; he will dare and win.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"aanstaande","gloss":"coming"},{"text":"timmerman","gloss":"carpenter (also a surname)"},{"text":"vindt","gloss":"to find"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"drie","gloss":"three"},{"text":"voet","gloss":"foot"},{"text":"hoge","gloss":"high"},{"text":"wijsheid","gloss":"wisdom"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"daar","gloss":"as, since, because"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"strohalm","gloss":"straw"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"winkelhaak","gloss":"set square"},{"text":"gebruikt,","gloss":"to eat, to have"},{"text":"sta","gloss":"to stand"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"toe","gloss":"to"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"nemen","gloss":"to take"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"vlugge","gloss":"quick"},{"text":"jongen","gloss":"boy"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"eindje","gloss":"little way"},{"text":"verderop","gloss":"further on"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"vlinder","gloss":"butterfly"},{"text":"achternaloopt:","gloss":"chases"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"branden","gloss":"burn with"},{"text":"van","gloss":"burn with"},{"text":"verlangen","gloss":"longing"},{"text":"om","gloss":"smile at"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"ondernemen;","gloss":"undertake"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"koopman","gloss":"merchant"},{"text":"worden;","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"wagen","gloss":"carriage"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"winnen.","gloss":"to win"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.r.5.m4a"},{"number":298,"id":"val.nl.L38.r.6","source":"De winkeliersgeest, die thuis blijft zitten en afwacht, zie ik meer dan genoeg bij die knikkerende hoop kinderen.","translation":"The shopkeeper's spirit, which stays at home and waits, I see more than enough of in that marble-playing crowd.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"winkeliersgeest,","gloss":"shopkeeper's spirit"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"thuis","gloss":"at home"},{"text":"blijft","gloss":"to remain, stay"},{"text":"zitten","gloss":"to sit"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"afwacht,","gloss":"waited"},{"text":"zie","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"meer","gloss":"more than"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"more than"},{"text":"genoeg","gloss":"enough"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"knikkerende","gloss":"marble-playing"},{"text":"hoop","gloss":"hope"},{"text":"kinderen.","gloss":"children"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.r.6.m4a"},{"number":299,"id":"val.nl.L38.r.7","source":"“Vals spelen” hoor ik roepen.","translation":"“Cheating!” I hear someone call out.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"“Vals","gloss":"of fall"},{"text":"spelen”","gloss":"to play"},{"text":"hoor","gloss":"hear"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"roepen.","gloss":"call"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.r.7.m4a"},{"number":300,"id":"val.nl.L38.r.8","source":"Arme jongen! jij die je zo boos maakt over het begane onrecht; die de kleine bedrogene de hand boven het hoofd houdt; die, nu je hem hebt gewroken, zo ernstig naar de blauwe hemel opkijkt, toekomstige dichter! wat deed jij tijdens het spel?","translation":"Poor boy! you who get so angry about the wrong done; who shield the little cheated one; who, now that you have avenged him, look up so earnestly at the blue sky, future poet! what were you doing during the game?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Arme","gloss":"poor"},{"text":"jongen!","gloss":"boy"},{"text":"jij","gloss":"you"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"boos","gloss":"angry"},{"text":"maakt","gloss":"to make (weak)"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"begane","gloss":"committed"},{"text":"onrecht;","gloss":"injustice"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kleine","gloss":"small"},{"text":"bedrogene","gloss":"cheated one"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"hand","gloss":"a hand, hands"},{"text":"boven","gloss":"above, over"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"hoofd","gloss":"head"},{"text":"houdt;","gloss":"to keep"},{"text":"die,","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"nu","gloss":"now, at present"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"hebt","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"gewroken,","gloss":"to revenge"},{"text":"zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"ernstig","gloss":"serious"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"blauwe","gloss":"blue"},{"text":"hemel","gloss":"heaven, sky"},{"text":"opkijkt,","gloss":"looks up"},{"text":"toekomstige","gloss":"future"},{"text":"dichter!","gloss":"poet"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"deed","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"jij","gloss":"you"},{"text":"tijdens","gloss":"during"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"spel?","gloss":"stake"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.r.8.m4a"},{"number":301,"id":"val.nl.L38.r.9","source":"Hij heeft geen antwoord, verzonken als hij is in de beschouwing van een bloem die langs de weg groeit; liefde voor het mooie naast gevoel voor het edele, ik mag die jongen wel.","translation":"He has no answer, lost as he is in contemplating a flower growing by the road; love for the beautiful alongside a feeling for the noble, I like that boy.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"antwoord,","gloss":"answer"},{"text":"verzonken","gloss":"sunk"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"beschouwing","gloss":"Reflections"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"bloem","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"langs","gloss":"along"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"weg","gloss":"away; road"},{"text":"groeit;","gloss":"to grow"},{"text":"liefde","gloss":"love"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"mooie","gloss":"beautiful"},{"text":"naast","gloss":"next to"},{"text":"gevoel","gloss":"feeling"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"edele,","gloss":"precious"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"mag","gloss":"may"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"jongen","gloss":"boy"},{"text":"wel.","gloss":"but"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.r.9.m4a"},{"number":302,"id":"val.nl.L38.r.10","source":"Toch verlies ik hem uit het oog, om die kreupele jongen daar; gebrekkige jeugd is zo'n deerniswekkend schouwspel!","translation":"Yet I lose sight of him, for the sake of that lame boy over there; a crippled childhood is such a pitiful sight!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Toch","gloss":"indeed, after all (here: 'I did warn you, after all')"},{"text":"verlies","gloss":"to lose"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"oog,","gloss":"eye"},{"text":"om","gloss":"smile at"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"kreupele","gloss":"lame"},{"text":"jongen","gloss":"boy"},{"text":"daar;","gloss":"as, since, because"},{"text":"gebrekkige","gloss":"defective"},{"text":"jeugd","gloss":"youth"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"zo'n","gloss":"such a"},{"text":"deerniswekkend","gloss":"pitiful"},{"text":"schouwspel!","gloss":"sight"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.r.10.m4a"},{"number":303,"id":"val.nl.L38.r.11","source":"Maar je hebt gelijk, hij kan kleermaker of schoenmaker worden, en als hij geld en verstand heeft, net zo goed een graad aan een van de drie faculteiten behalen, als een van deze toekomstige rechtsgeleerden, artsen of leraren.","translation":"But you are right, he can become a tailor or a cobbler, and if he has money and wit, just as well earn a degree at one of the three faculties, as one of these future lawyers, doctors, or teachers.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"hebt","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"gelijk,","gloss":"as"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"kan","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"kleermaker","gloss":"tailor"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"schoenmaker","gloss":"cobbler"},{"text":"worden,","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"geld","gloss":"money"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"verstand","gloss":"sense"},{"text":"heeft,","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"net","gloss":"net"},{"text":"zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"goed","gloss":"good, well"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"graad","gloss":"degree"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"drie","gloss":"three"},{"text":"faculteiten","gloss":"faculties"},{"text":"behalen,","gloss":"earn"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"toekomstige","gloss":"future"},{"text":"rechtsgeleerden,","gloss":"lawyers"},{"text":"artsen","gloss":"physician, doctor"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"leraren.","gloss":"teachers"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.r.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 38: conversation","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":304,"id":"val.nl.L38.c.q1","source":"Ken je een goed Engels werk over Nederland en de Nederlanders?","translation":"Do you know a good English work about the Netherlands and the Dutch?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ken","gloss":"know"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"goed","gloss":"good, well"},{"text":"Engels","gloss":"Engels"},{"text":"werk","gloss":"work"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"Nederland","gloss":"Nederland"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Nederlanders?","gloss":"Nederlanders"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.c.q1.m4a"},{"number":305,"id":"val.nl.L38.c.q2","source":"Zeker een beschrijving van de provincies Holland en de grote steden die aan het spoorwegnet liggen?","translation":"Surely a description of the provinces of Holland and the big cities that lie on the railway network?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zeker","gloss":"surely, certainly"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"beschrijving","gloss":"description"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"provincies","gloss":"provinces"},{"text":"Holland","gloss":"Holland"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"grote","gloss":"big, great"},{"text":"steden","gloss":"cities"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"spoorwegnet","gloss":"railway network"},{"text":"liggen?","gloss":"to lie (be situated)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.c.q2.m4a"},{"number":306,"id":"val.nl.L38.c.a1","source":"Tot mijn spijt niet; wel heb ik een vrij goed werk gelezen over een gedeelte van ons land.","translation":"To my regret, no; but I have read a fairly good work about part of our country.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"spijt","gloss":"regret"},{"text":"niet;","gloss":"not"},{"text":"wel","gloss":"but"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"vrij","gloss":"rather, quite; free"},{"text":"goed","gloss":"good, well"},{"text":"werk","gloss":"work"},{"text":"gelezen","gloss":"to read"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"gedeelte","gloss":"part"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"land.","gloss":"land"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.c.a1.m4a"},{"number":307,"id":"val.nl.L38.c.a2","source":"Helemaal niet; het grootste deel van het werk is gewijd aan een minder bekende streek van Friesland.","translation":"Not at all; the greatest part of the work is devoted to a lesser-known region of Friesland.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Helemaal","gloss":"entirely"},{"text":"niet;","gloss":"not"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"grootste","gloss":"greatest"},{"text":"deel","gloss":"part"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"werk","gloss":"work"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"gewijd","gloss":"devoted"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"minder","gloss":"less"},{"text":"bekende","gloss":"known"},{"text":"streek","gloss":"region"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Friesland.","gloss":"Friesland"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.c.a2.m4a"},{"number":308,"id":"val.nl.L38.c.q3","source":"En hoe heet dat boek? Kan ik het niet eens van u te leen krijgen?","translation":"And what is that book called? Could I possibly borrow it from you?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"En","gloss":"and"},{"text":"hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"heet","gloss":"to be called"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"boek?","gloss":"book"},{"text":"Kan","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"eens","gloss":"once, one day"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"leen","gloss":"borrow"},{"text":"krijgen?","gloss":"to get; honger krijgen: to become hungry"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.c.q3.m4a"},{"number":309,"id":"val.nl.L38.c.q4","source":"Zo, dus niet uitsluitend over de Friese meren! En hoe is het oordeel van deze schrijver over ons land?","translation":"Oh, so not exclusively about the Frisian lakes! And what is this writer's judgment of our country?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zo,","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"dus","gloss":"so"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"uitsluitend","gloss":"Exclusive of"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Friese","gloss":"Frisian"},{"text":"meren!","gloss":"more"},{"text":"En","gloss":"and"},{"text":"hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"oordeel","gloss":"judgment"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"schrijver","gloss":"writer, author; clerk"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"land?","gloss":"land"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.c.q4.m4a"},{"number":310,"id":"val.nl.L38.c.a3","source":"Met alle genoegen. Ik bedoel Doughty's Friesland Meres and through the Netherlands.","translation":"With great pleasure. I mean Doughty's Friesland Meres and through the Netherlands.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"alle","gloss":"all"},{"text":"genoegen.","gloss":"pleasure"},{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"bedoel","gloss":"mean"},{"text":"Doughty's","gloss":"Doughty's"},{"text":"Friesland","gloss":"Friesland"},{"text":"Meres","gloss":"Meres"},{"text":"and","gloss":"to be accustomed, to be in the habit of"},{"text":"through","gloss":"through"},{"text":"the","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Netherlands.","gloss":"Netherlands"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.c.a3.m4a"},{"number":311,"id":"val.nl.L38.c.a4","source":"Over het algemeen vrij gunstig; de schrijver heeft in korte tijd veel gezien, en wat meer zegt, meestal goed gezien.","translation":"On the whole fairly favourable; the writer has seen a great deal in a short time, and what is more, has generally seen it well.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"algemeen","gloss":"generally, widely"},{"text":"vrij","gloss":"rather, quite; free"},{"text":"gunstig;","gloss":"favorably"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"schrijver","gloss":"writer, author; clerk"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"korte","gloss":"short"},{"text":"tijd","gloss":"time"},{"text":"veel","gloss":"much"},{"text":"gezien,","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"meer","gloss":"more"},{"text":"zegt,","gloss":"to say"},{"text":"meestal","gloss":"usually"},{"text":"goed","gloss":"good, well"},{"text":"gezien.","gloss":"to see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.c.a4.m4a"},{"number":312,"id":"val.nl.L38.c.q5","source":"Dat verheugt mij, want sommige buitenlandse schrijvers weten vaak gekke dingen over ons land en zijn bewoners te vertellen.","translation":"That pleases me, for some foreign writers often know how to tell strange things about our country and its inhabitants.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"verheugt","gloss":"rejoice"},{"text":"mij,","gloss":"me"},{"text":"want","gloss":"for, because"},{"text":"sommige","gloss":"some"},{"text":"buitenlandse","gloss":"foreign"},{"text":"schrijvers","gloss":"writer, author; clerk"},{"text":"weten","gloss":"to know"},{"text":"vaak","gloss":"often"},{"text":"gekke","gloss":"mad"},{"text":"dingen","gloss":"things"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"land","gloss":"land"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"bewoners","gloss":"inhabitants"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"vertellen.","gloss":"tell"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.c.q5.m4a"},{"number":313,"id":"val.nl.L38.c.q6","source":"Maar zulke boeken worden zeker niet veel gekocht en zeker nog minder gelezen?","translation":"But surely such books are not bought much, and certainly read even less?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"zulke","gloss":"such"},{"text":"boeken","gloss":"books"},{"text":"worden","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"zeker","gloss":"surely, certainly"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"veel","gloss":"much"},{"text":"gekocht","gloss":"to buy"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"zeker","gloss":"surely, certainly"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"minder","gloss":"less"},{"text":"gelezen?","gloss":"to read"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.c.q6.m4a"},{"number":314,"id":"val.nl.L38.c.q7","source":"Morgen kom ik Doughty's werk halen.","translation":"Tomorrow I'll come and fetch Doughty's work.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Morgen","gloss":"morning"},{"text":"kom","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"Doughty's","gloss":"Doughty's"},{"text":"werk","gloss":"work"},{"text":"halen.","gloss":"fetch"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.c.q7.m4a"},{"number":315,"id":"val.nl.L38.c.a5","source":"Soms maar al te gek, vooral voor zogenoemde ontwikkelde mensen die in enkele uren of in een paar dagen door het hele land reizen.","translation":"Sometimes far too strange, especially for so-called educated people who travel through the whole country in a few hours or a couple of days.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Soms","gloss":"sometimes"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"gek,","gloss":"mad"},{"text":"vooral","gloss":"above all"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"zogenoemde","gloss":"so-called"},{"text":"ontwikkelde","gloss":"unfolding"},{"text":"mensen","gloss":"men, people"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"enkele","gloss":"a few"},{"text":"uren","gloss":"hours"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"paar","gloss":"couple"},{"text":"dagen","gloss":"days"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"hele","gloss":"whole"},{"text":"land","gloss":"land"},{"text":"reizen.","gloss":"traveling"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.c.a5.m4a"},{"number":316,"id":"val.nl.L38.c.a6","source":"Helaas maar al te veel! Sommige mensen zien hun eigen land graag opgehemeld ten koste van een ander land.","translation":"Alas, far too much! Some people like to see their own country extolled at the expense of another country.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Helaas","gloss":"alas"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"veel!","gloss":"much"},{"text":"Sommige","gloss":"some"},{"text":"mensen","gloss":"men, people"},{"text":"zien","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"hun","gloss":"them; their"},{"text":"eigen","gloss":"own"},{"text":"land","gloss":"land"},{"text":"graag","gloss":"gladly, with pleasure"},{"text":"opgehemeld","gloss":"praised"},{"text":"ten","gloss":"in"},{"text":"koste","gloss":"costs"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"ander","gloss":"another (person)"},{"text":"land.","gloss":"land"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.c.a6.m4a"},{"number":317,"id":"val.nl.L38.c.a7","source":"Goed, het staat tot uw beschikking.","translation":"Good, it is at your disposal.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Goed,","gloss":"good, well"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"staat","gloss":"to stand"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"beschikking.","gloss":"disposal"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.c.a7.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 38: exercise 100","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":318,"id":"val.nl.L38.e100.i1","source":"Een vreselijk voorbeeld van de woestheid van de haai vond eens plaats bij de Gezelschapseilanden in de Stille Zuidzee.","translation":"A dreadful instance of the ferocity of the shark once occurred at the Society Islands in the Pacific.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"vreselijk","gloss":"dreadfully"},{"text":"voorbeeld","gloss":"example"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"woestheid","gloss":"ferocity"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"haai","gloss":"sharks"},{"text":"vond","gloss":"to find"},{"text":"eens","gloss":"once, one day"},{"text":"plaats","gloss":"place"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Gezelschapseilanden","gloss":"Society Islands"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Stille","gloss":"Stille"},{"text":"Zuidzee.","gloss":"Zuidzee"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e100.i1.m4a"},{"number":319,"id":"val.nl.L38.e100.i2","source":"Meer dan dertig inboorlingen staken van een van die eilanden naar een ander over in een groot vaartuig, bestaande uit twee kano's zij aan zij aan elkaar verbonden.","translation":"Upwards of thirty natives were passing from one island to another in a large vessel, consisting of two canoes fastened together side by side.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Meer","gloss":"more than"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"more than"},{"text":"dertig","gloss":"thirty"},{"text":"inboorlingen","gloss":"natives"},{"text":"staken","gloss":"to sting, to put"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"eilanden","gloss":"islands"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"ander","gloss":"another (person)"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"groot","gloss":"great"},{"text":"vaartuig,","gloss":"vessel"},{"text":"bestaande","gloss":"existing ones"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"twee","gloss":"two"},{"text":"kano's","gloss":"canoes"},{"text":"zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"elkaar","gloss":"each other"},{"text":"verbonden.","gloss":"joined"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e100.i2.m4a"},{"number":320,"id":"val.nl.L38.e100.i3","source":"Door een storm overvallen, werden de kano's van elkaar gerukt, en alleen konden ze niet rechtop drijvend gehouden worden.","translation":"Being overtaken by a storm, the canoes were torn apart, and singly they could not be made to float upright.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"storm","gloss":"storm"},{"text":"overvallen,","gloss":"came over"},{"text":"werden","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kano's","gloss":"canoes"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"elkaar","gloss":"each other"},{"text":"gerukt,","gloss":"torn (rukken)"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"alleen","gloss":"only"},{"text":"konden","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"rechtop","gloss":"upright"},{"text":"drijvend","gloss":"to float"},{"text":"gehouden","gloss":"to keep"},{"text":"worden.","gloss":"to become, to get"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e100.i3.m4a"},{"number":321,"id":"val.nl.L38.e100.i4","source":"Tevergeefs probeerde de bemanning ze in evenwicht te houden.","translation":"In vain the crew attempted to balance them.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tevergeefs","gloss":"in vain"},{"text":"probeerde","gloss":"to try"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"bemanning","gloss":"crew"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"evenwicht","gloss":"balance"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"houden.","gloss":"to keep"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e100.i4.m4a"},{"number":322,"id":"val.nl.L38.e100.i5","source":"Elk ogenblik werden ze omgeworpen.","translation":"They were every moment overturned.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Elk","gloss":"each"},{"text":"ogenblik","gloss":"moment"},{"text":"werden","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"omgeworpen.","gloss":"overturned"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e100.i5.m4a"},{"number":323,"id":"val.nl.L38.e100.i6","source":"Daarop maakten de mannen in allerijl een vlot van alle losse planken en sparren die zich in de kano's bevonden, en probeerden zo naar de kust te drijven.","translation":"The men then formed a hasty raft of such loose boards and spars as were in the canoes, and thus attempted to drift ashore.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Daarop","gloss":"upon it"},{"text":"maakten","gloss":"to make (weak)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"mannen","gloss":"men"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"allerijl","gloss":"haste"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"vlot","gloss":"raft"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"alle","gloss":"all"},{"text":"losse","gloss":"loose"},{"text":"planken","gloss":"boards"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"sparren","gloss":"spars"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kano's","gloss":"canoes"},{"text":"bevonden,","gloss":"found"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"probeerden","gloss":"to try"},{"text":"zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kust","gloss":"coast"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"drijven.","gloss":"to float"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e100.i6.m4a"},{"number":324,"id":"val.nl.L38.e100.i7","source":"Het vlot lag zo diep in het water, dat de golven tot boven de knieën van de arme eilandbewoners stegen.","translation":"The raft was so deep in the water that the waves washed above the knees of the poor islanders.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"vlot","gloss":"raft"},{"text":"lag","gloss":"to lie (be situated)"},{"text":"zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"diep","gloss":"deep"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"water,","gloss":"water"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"golven","gloss":"waves"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"boven","gloss":"above, over"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"knieën","gloss":"knees"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"arme","gloss":"poor"},{"text":"eilandbewoners","gloss":"islanders"},{"text":"stegen.","gloss":"to mount"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e100.i7.m4a"},{"number":325,"id":"val.nl.L38.e100.i8","source":"Zo rondgeslingerd, waren ze weldra uitgeput van honger en vermoeidheid; en eindelijk begonnen de gevreesde haaien zich om hen te verzamelen.","translation":"Tossed about thus, they soon became exhausted with hunger and fatigue; and at last the dreaded sharks began to collect around them.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"rondgeslingerd,","gloss":"tossed about"},{"text":"waren","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"weldra","gloss":"soon"},{"text":"uitgeput","gloss":"exhausted"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"honger","gloss":"hunger"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"vermoeidheid;","gloss":"weariness"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"eindelijk","gloss":"at last, finally"},{"text":"begonnen","gloss":"to begin"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"gevreesde","gloss":"feared"},{"text":"haaien","gloss":"sharks"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"om","gloss":"smile at"},{"text":"hen","gloss":"them"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"verzamelen.","gloss":"to gather, to collect"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e100.i8.m4a"},{"number":326,"id":"val.nl.L38.e100.i9","source":"Weldra hadden deze verschrikkelijke monsters de moed de mannen aan te vallen en de een na de ander van het vlot weg te slepen.","translation":"Soon these terrible creatures had the boldness to attack the men, and to drag one and another from the raft.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Weldra","gloss":"soon"},{"text":"hadden","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"verschrikkelijke","gloss":"terrible"},{"text":"monsters","gloss":"monster"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"moed","gloss":"courage"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"mannen","gloss":"men"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"vallen","gloss":"to fall"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"na","gloss":"after"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"ander","gloss":"another (person)"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"vlot","gloss":"raft"},{"text":"weg","gloss":"away; road"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"slepen.","gloss":"to grind"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e100.i9.m4a"},{"number":327,"id":"val.nl.L38.e100.i10","source":"De mannen hadden geen wapens om zich te verdedigen, en waren dus een gemakkelijke prooi.","translation":"The men had no weapons of defence, and they thus became an easy prey.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"mannen","gloss":"men"},{"text":"hadden","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"wapens","gloss":"weapons"},{"text":"om","gloss":"smile at"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"verdedigen,","gloss":"defend"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"waren","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"dus","gloss":"so"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"gemakkelijke","gloss":"easy, easily"},{"text":"prooi.","gloss":"prey"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e100.i10.m4a"},{"number":328,"id":"val.nl.L38.e100.i11","source":"Het aantal en de vermetelheid van de monsters nam met elk ogenblik toe.","translation":"The number and boldness of the monsters every moment increased.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"aantal","gloss":"number"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"vermetelheid","gloss":"boldness"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"monsters","gloss":"monster"},{"text":"nam","gloss":"to take"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"elk","gloss":"each"},{"text":"ogenblik","gloss":"moment"},{"text":"toe.","gloss":"to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e100.i11.m4a"},{"number":329,"id":"val.nl.L38.e100.i12","source":"De rampzalige ongelukkigen op het vlot werden de een na de ander weggesleurd, totdat er nog maar twee of drie overbleven.","translation":"The forlorn wretches on the raft were one by one torn off, until only two or three remained.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"rampzalige","gloss":"wretched ones"},{"text":"ongelukkigen","gloss":"unfortunate"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"vlot","gloss":"raft"},{"text":"werden","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"na","gloss":"after"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"ander","gloss":"another (person)"},{"text":"weggesleurd,","gloss":"torn off"},{"text":"totdat","gloss":"until"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"twee","gloss":"two"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"drie","gloss":"three"},{"text":"overbleven.","gloss":"remained"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e100.i12.m4a"},{"number":330,"id":"val.nl.L38.e100.i13","source":"Het vlot, van zijn gewicht ontlast, rees toen naar de oppervlakte, en bracht zo de overblijvenden buiten het bereik van hun verschrikkelijke vijanden.","translation":"The raft, lightened of its load, then rose to the surface, and thus placed the survivors beyond the reach of their terrible foes.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"vlot,","gloss":"raft"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"gewicht","gloss":"weight"},{"text":"ontlast,","gloss":"relieve"},{"text":"rees","gloss":"to rise"},{"text":"toen","gloss":"as, when"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"oppervlakte,","gloss":"area"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"bracht","gloss":"to pass, to spend (time)"},{"text":"zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"overblijvenden","gloss":"survivors"},{"text":"buiten","gloss":"outside"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"bereik","gloss":"reach"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"hun","gloss":"them; their"},{"text":"verschrikkelijke","gloss":"terrible"},{"text":"vijanden.","gloss":"enemy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e100.i13.m4a"},{"number":331,"id":"val.nl.L38.e100.i14","source":"De stroom bracht eindelijk de mannen naar een van de eilanden, waar ze landden en het wedervaren van hun metgezellen vertelden.","translation":"The tide at length bore the men to one of the islands, where they landed, and told of the fate of their companions.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"stroom","gloss":"stream"},{"text":"bracht","gloss":"to pass, to spend (time)"},{"text":"eindelijk","gloss":"at last, finally"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"mannen","gloss":"men"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"eilanden,","gloss":"islands"},{"text":"waar","gloss":"where; true"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"landden","gloss":"landed (landen)"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"wedervaren","gloss":"fate"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"hun","gloss":"them; their"},{"text":"metgezellen","gloss":"companions"},{"text":"vertelden.","gloss":"told"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e100.i14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 38: exercise 101","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":332,"id":"val.nl.L38.e101.i1","source":"Op een keer kregen de matrozen aan boord van een schip verlof van hun kapitein om jacht te maken op een haai die hen al enige dagen volgde.","translation":"Once the sailors on board a ship were allowed by their captain to try to catch a shark that had been following them for several days.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"keer","gloss":"time (an occasion)"},{"text":"kregen","gloss":"to get; honger krijgen: to become hungry"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"matrozen","gloss":"sailor, sailors"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"boord","gloss":"board (of a ship)"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"schip","gloss":"ship, ships"},{"text":"verlof","gloss":"leave"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"hun","gloss":"them; their"},{"text":"kapitein","gloss":"captain"},{"text":"om","gloss":"smile at"},{"text":"jacht","gloss":"hunting"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"maken","gloss":"to make (weak)"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"haai","gloss":"sharks"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"hen","gloss":"them"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"enige","gloss":"only (het enige: the only thing)"},{"text":"dagen","gloss":"days"},{"text":"volgde.","gloss":"followed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e101.i1.m4a"},{"number":333,"id":"val.nl.L38.e101.i2","source":"Een sterke ijzeren haak werd aan een ketting vastgemaakt en daaraan een stuk vlees bevestigd.","translation":"A strong iron hook was fastened to a chain, and a piece of meat was fixed on it.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"sterke","gloss":"strong"},{"text":"ijzeren","gloss":"iron"},{"text":"haak","gloss":"hook"},{"text":"werd","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"ketting","gloss":"chain"},{"text":"vastgemaakt","gloss":"fastened"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"daaraan","gloss":"with that, in that"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"stuk","gloss":"piece"},{"text":"vlees","gloss":"meat"},{"text":"bevestigd.","gloss":"to fasten"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e101.i2.m4a"},{"number":334,"id":"val.nl.L38.e101.i3","source":"Vervolgens werd een lange lijn aan de ketting gebonden.","translation":"Then a long rope was attached to the chain.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Vervolgens","gloss":"next"},{"text":"werd","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"lange","gloss":"long"},{"text":"lijn","gloss":"line"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"ketting","gloss":"chain"},{"text":"gebonden.","gloss":"to bind"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e101.i3.m4a"},{"number":335,"id":"val.nl.L38.e101.i4","source":"Nadat alles gereed was, werd het lokaas in zee neergelaten in het zicht van de haai, die men zich zacht opzij zag voortbewegen dicht bij de oppervlakte van het water.","translation":"When all was ready the bait was lowered into the sea in sight of the shark, which was seen gliding along near the surface of the water.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nadat","gloss":"after"},{"text":"alles","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"gereed","gloss":"ready"},{"text":"was,","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"werd","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"lokaas","gloss":"bait"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"zee","gloss":"sea"},{"text":"neergelaten","gloss":"let down"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"zicht","gloss":"sight"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"haai,","gloss":"sharks"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"men","gloss":"one, people"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"zacht","gloss":"gentle"},{"text":"opzij","gloss":"aside"},{"text":"zag","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"voortbewegen","gloss":"moving forward"},{"text":"dicht","gloss":"close"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"oppervlakte","gloss":"area"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"water.","gloss":"water"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e101.i4.m4a"},{"number":336,"id":"val.nl.L38.e101.i5","source":"Plotseling maakte de vis een snelle beweging.","translation":"In a moment there was a quick movement on the part of the fish.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Plotseling","gloss":"suddenly"},{"text":"maakte","gloss":"to make (weak)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"vis","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"snelle","gloss":"rapid"},{"text":"beweging.","gloss":"movement"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e101.i5.m4a"},{"number":337,"id":"val.nl.L38.e101.i6","source":"Hij dook steeds dieper in het heldere water, en zwom vlak onder het schip.","translation":"Down, down it sank in the clear water, and swam right below the ship.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"dook","gloss":"to dive"},{"text":"steeds","gloss":"always"},{"text":"dieper","gloss":"deeper"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"heldere","gloss":"brightly"},{"text":"water,","gloss":"water"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"zwom","gloss":"to swim"},{"text":"vlak","gloss":"just (in front of it)"},{"text":"onder","gloss":"under; among"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"schip.","gloss":"ship, ships"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e101.i6.m4a"},{"number":338,"id":"val.nl.L38.e101.i7","source":"Terwijl hij zich op zijn rug wentelde, opende hij zijn kaken wijd en verzwolg zowel het lokaas als de haak.","translation":"Turning on its back, it opened wide its jaws and swallowed both bait and hook.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Terwijl","gloss":"while"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"rug","gloss":"back"},{"text":"wentelde,","gloss":"turned"},{"text":"opende","gloss":"opened"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"kaken","gloss":"jaws"},{"text":"wijd","gloss":"wide"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"verzwolg","gloss":"swallowed"},{"text":"zowel","gloss":"Both"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"lokaas","gloss":"bait"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"haak.","gloss":"hook"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e101.i7.m4a"},{"number":339,"id":"val.nl.L38.e101.i8","source":"Een krachtige ruk van de matrozen aan de lijn deed de haak diep in het lichaam van de haai dringen.","translation":"A strong pull at the rope by the sailors fastened the hook deep in the shark's body.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"krachtige","gloss":"vigorous"},{"text":"ruk","gloss":"pull"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"matrozen","gloss":"sailor, sailors"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"lijn","gloss":"line"},{"text":"deed","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"haak","gloss":"hook"},{"text":"diep","gloss":"deep"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"lichaam","gloss":"body"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"haai","gloss":"sharks"},{"text":"dringen.","gloss":"to urge"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e101.i8.m4a"},{"number":340,"id":"val.nl.L38.e101.i9","source":"Meteen worstelde het monster wanhopig om los te komen.","translation":"At once the creature struggled desperately to get free.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Meteen","gloss":"at once"},{"text":"worstelde","gloss":"struggled"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"monster","gloss":"monster"},{"text":"wanhopig","gloss":"desperate"},{"text":"om","gloss":"smile at"},{"text":"los","gloss":"loose"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"komen.","gloss":"to come"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e101.i9.m4a"},{"number":341,"id":"val.nl.L38.e101.i10","source":"Maar de lijn was sterk en de mannen hielden hem stevig vast en trokken uit alle macht.","translation":"But the rope was strong, and the men held fast and pulled with a will.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"lijn","gloss":"line"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"sterk","gloss":"strong"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"mannen","gloss":"men"},{"text":"hielden","gloss":"held"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"stevig","gloss":"strong, solid"},{"text":"vast","gloss":"solid, firm"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"trokken","gloss":"to draw"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"alle","gloss":"all"},{"text":"macht.","gloss":"power"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e101.i10.m4a"},{"number":342,"id":"val.nl.L38.e101.i11","source":"De haai werd eindelijk gevangen en gedood.","translation":"The shark was caught at last, and killed.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"haai","gloss":"sharks"},{"text":"werd","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"eindelijk","gloss":"at last, finally"},{"text":"gevangen","gloss":"to catch"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"gedood.","gloss":"kills"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e101.i11.m4a"},{"number":343,"id":"val.nl.L38.e101.i12","source":"Daarop spreidde het schip weer zijn zeilen voor het zachte briesje uit en vervolgde zijn weg over de oceaan.","translation":"Then once more the ship spread her sails to the breeze, and bounded on her way across the sea.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Daarop","gloss":"upon it"},{"text":"spreidde","gloss":"spread"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"schip","gloss":"ship, ships"},{"text":"weer","gloss":"again"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"zeilen","gloss":"sailed"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"zachte","gloss":"soft"},{"text":"briesje","gloss":"breeze"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"vervolgde","gloss":"continued"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"weg","gloss":"away; road"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"oceaan.","gloss":"Ocean"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e101.i12.m4a"},{"number":344,"id":"val.nl.L38.e101.i13","source":"Deze manier om haaien te vangen wordt vaak toegepast aan boord van schepen die de tropische zeeën bevaren.","translation":"This method of catching the shark is often practised on board ships sailing in the Tropics.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"manier","gloss":"manner"},{"text":"om","gloss":"smile at"},{"text":"haaien","gloss":"sharks"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"vangen","gloss":"to catch"},{"text":"wordt","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"vaak","gloss":"often"},{"text":"toegepast","gloss":"to apply"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"boord","gloss":"board (of a ship)"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"schepen","gloss":"ship, ships"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"tropische","gloss":"tropical"},{"text":"zeeën","gloss":"seas"},{"text":"bevaren.","gloss":"sail"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e101.i13.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 38: exercise 102","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":345,"id":"val.nl.L38.e102.i1","source":"Utrecht, 2 mei 1912.","translation":"Utrecht, 2nd May, 1912.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Utrecht,","gloss":"Utrecht"},{"text":"2","gloss":"2nd"},{"text":"mei","gloss":"May"},{"text":"1912.","gloss":"1912"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e102.i1.m4a"},{"number":346,"id":"val.nl.L38.e102.i2","source":"De heren Hermans & Co., Leiden.","translation":"Messrs. Hermans & Co., Leiden.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"heren","gloss":"gentleman, lord"},{"text":"Hermans","gloss":"Hermans"},{"text":"&","gloss":""},{"text":"Co.,","gloss":"Company"},{"text":"Leiden.","gloss":"Leiden"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e102.i2.m4a"},{"number":347,"id":"val.nl.L38.e102.i3","source":"Geachte heren,","translation":"Gentlemen,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Geachte","gloss":"esteemed"},{"text":"heren,","gloss":"gentleman, lord"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e102.i3.m4a"},{"number":348,"id":"val.nl.L38.e102.i4","source":"De met uw brief van de 21e vorige maand aan mij berekende 10 balen Java-Speck-koffie zijn gisteren hier aangekomen, en meteen door mij onderzocht en beproefd.","translation":"The 10 Bales “Java-Speck-Coffee” invoiced in your favour of 21st ult., arrived here yesterday, and were examined by myself at once.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"brief","gloss":"letter"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"21e","gloss":"21st"},{"text":"vorige","gloss":"previous"},{"text":"maand","gloss":"month"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"berekende","gloss":"reckoned"},{"text":"10","gloss":"10"},{"text":"balen","gloss":"bales"},{"text":"Java-Speck-koffie","gloss":"Java-Speck-Coffee"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"gisteren","gloss":"yesterday"},{"text":"hier","gloss":"here"},{"text":"aangekomen,","gloss":"arrived"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"meteen","gloss":"at once"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"onderzocht","gloss":"investigated"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"beproefd.","gloss":"tried"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e102.i4.m4a"},{"number":349,"id":"val.nl.L38.e102.i5","source":"Tot mijn leedwezen moet ik u berichten dat deze koffie volstrekt niet overeenkomt met het mij toegezonden monster, en ik kan niet begrijpen hoe u mij deze waar als iets bij uitstek goeds hebt kunnen aanbevelen.","translation":"To my regret I must inform you that the said coffee does not by any means come up to the said sample, and that I cannot understand how you were able to recommend that merchandise as something remarkably good.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"leedwezen","gloss":"regret"},{"text":"moet","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"berichten","gloss":"reports"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"koffie","gloss":"coffee"},{"text":"volstrekt","gloss":"absolutely"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"overeenkomt","gloss":"corresponds"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"toegezonden","gloss":"sent"},{"text":"monster,","gloss":"monster"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"kan","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"begrijpen","gloss":"to understand"},{"text":"hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"waar","gloss":"where; true"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"iets","gloss":"something"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"uitstek","gloss":"exceptionally"},{"text":"goeds","gloss":"good"},{"text":"hebt","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"kunnen","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"aanbevelen.","gloss":"commend"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e102.i5.m4a"},{"number":350,"id":"val.nl.L38.e102.i6","source":"Zoals de koffie daar ligt, is ze veel meer geschikt om klandizie te doen verlopen dan om klanten te trekken; en ik heb het overbodig geacht de koffie op smaak te proberen, want al was die nog zo goed, toch is ze door haar onooglijkheid zo goed als volstrekt onverkoopbaar, en dat vooral in een pas opgerichte zaak.","translation":"The coffee lies before me, which is rather calculated to drive away than to attract customers, and I have judged it superfluous to examine the coffee respecting its taste; for even in case that its taste is excellent, it is scarcely merchantable on account of its poor appearance, in particular in a recently established house.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zoals","gloss":"as"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"koffie","gloss":"coffee"},{"text":"daar","gloss":"as, since, because"},{"text":"ligt,","gloss":"to lie (be situated)"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"veel","gloss":"much"},{"text":"meer","gloss":"more"},{"text":"geschikt","gloss":"suited"},{"text":"om","gloss":"smile at"},{"text":"klandizie","gloss":"custom"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"doen","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"verlopen","gloss":"went by"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"om","gloss":"smile at"},{"text":"klanten","gloss":"customers"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"trekken;","gloss":"to travel, to pull (strong)"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"overbodig","gloss":"superfluous"},{"text":"geacht","gloss":"considered"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"koffie","gloss":"coffee"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"smaak","gloss":"taste"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"proberen,","gloss":"to try"},{"text":"want","gloss":"for, because"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"goed,","gloss":"good, well"},{"text":"toch","gloss":"indeed, after all (here: 'I did warn you, after all')"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"haar","gloss":"her"},{"text":"onooglijkheid","gloss":"poor appearance"},{"text":"zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"goed","gloss":"good, well"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"volstrekt","gloss":"absolutely"},{"text":"onverkoopbaar,","gloss":"unsellable"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"vooral","gloss":"above all"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"pas","gloss":"only just"},{"text":"opgerichte","gloss":"erected"},{"text":"zaak.","gloss":"matter"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e102.i6.m4a"},{"number":351,"id":"val.nl.L38.e102.i7","source":"Ofschoon het mij leed doet bij deze eerste zaak op zodanige wijze met u te moeten corresponderen, kan ik toch niet nalaten u te verzoeken over die koffie te beschikken; ik zou die zelfs tegen een lagere prijs niet kunnen gebruiken.","translation":"Although I am very sorry to be obliged to write to you such things in managing the first business in which we have engaged, I cannot help requesting you to dispose of the coffee in another way; I should not be able to accept it even at a lower price.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ofschoon","gloss":"though"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"leed","gloss":"suffered"},{"text":"doet","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"eerste","gloss":"the former (the first-mentioned)"},{"text":"zaak","gloss":"matter"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"zodanige","gloss":"such"},{"text":"wijze","gloss":"manner, way"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"moeten","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"corresponderen,","gloss":"correspond"},{"text":"kan","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"toch","gloss":"not... after all"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not... after all"},{"text":"nalaten","gloss":"leave undone"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"verzoeken","gloss":"to beg"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"koffie","gloss":"coffee"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"beschikken;","gloss":"disposal"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"zou","gloss":"should, would"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"zelfs","gloss":"even"},{"text":"tegen","gloss":"against; to"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"lagere","gloss":"low"},{"text":"prijs","gloss":"price"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"kunnen","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"gebruiken.","gloss":"to use"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e102.i7.m4a"},{"number":352,"id":"val.nl.L38.e102.i8","source":"Om u in staat te stellen zelf te overtuigen dat mijn klacht gegrond is, zend ik u de helft van het mij geleverde monster, en een monster uit de baal No. 201. Men hoeft volstrekt geen kenner te zijn om met een oogopslag te zien dat beide soorten zeer verschillend zijn.","translation":"In order that you may convince yourselves of my having grounds to complain, I send you one half of the sample you sent me and, besides, a sample taken from the bale No. 201; even without being a connoisseur, any one must observe immediately that the two coffees differ very much.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Om","gloss":"smile at"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"staat","gloss":"stands; state"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"stellen","gloss":"put"},{"text":"zelf","gloss":"self"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"overtuigen","gloss":"convince"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"klacht","gloss":"complaint"},{"text":"gegrond","gloss":"well-founded"},{"text":"is,","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"zend","gloss":"to send"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"helft","gloss":"half"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"geleverde","gloss":"furnished"},{"text":"monster,","gloss":"monster"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"monster","gloss":"monster"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"baal","gloss":"bale"},{"text":"No.","gloss":"No."},{"text":"201.","gloss":"201"},{"text":"Men","gloss":"one, people"},{"text":"hoeft","gloss":"is needed"},{"text":"volstrekt","gloss":"absolutely"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"kenner","gloss":"connoisseur"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"om","gloss":"smile at"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"oogopslag","gloss":"glance"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"zien","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"beide","gloss":"both"},{"text":"soorten","gloss":"kinds"},{"text":"zeer","gloss":"very"},{"text":"verschillend","gloss":"different"},{"text":"zijn.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e102.i8.m4a"},{"number":353,"id":"val.nl.L38.e102.i9","source":"De zaak is mij in zoverre onaangenaam, dat mij op dit ogenblik juist die soort ontbreekt; en ik verzoek u terstond te zenden:","translation":"The affair is disagreeable to me, inasmuch as I am just in want of the sort in question, and I request you immediately to send me:","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"zaak","gloss":"matter"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"zoverre","gloss":"so far"},{"text":"onaangenaam,","gloss":"disagreeable"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"dit","gloss":"this"},{"text":"ogenblik","gloss":"moment"},{"text":"juist","gloss":"exactly"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"soort","gloss":"kind"},{"text":"ontbreekt;","gloss":"is wanting"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"verzoek","gloss":"to beg, to request"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"terstond","gloss":"at once"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"zenden:","gloss":"to send"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e102.i9.m4a"},{"number":354,"id":"val.nl.L38.e102.i10","source":"1 baal fijn blauwe Java-koffie No. 26 a 63, per sneltrein. Als het mij van pas komt, zal ik meer daarvan bestellen.","translation":"1 Bale Java Coffee fine blue No. 26 at 63, by the fast train. If it suits my turn, I shall order greater quantities.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"1","gloss":"1"},{"text":"baal","gloss":"bale"},{"text":"fijn","gloss":"fine"},{"text":"blauwe","gloss":"blue"},{"text":"Java-koffie","gloss":"Java coffee"},{"text":"No.","gloss":"No."},{"text":"26","gloss":"26"},{"text":"a","gloss":"A"},{"text":"63,","gloss":"63"},{"text":"per","gloss":"per"},{"text":"sneltrein.","gloss":"fast train"},{"text":"Als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"pas","gloss":"only just"},{"text":"komt,","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"meer","gloss":"more"},{"text":"daarvan","gloss":"of it"},{"text":"bestellen.","gloss":"Call for"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e102.i10.m4a"},{"number":355,"id":"val.nl.L38.e102.i11","source":"Uw spoedig antwoord tegemoet ziende, teken ik met alle achting, P. J. Meulenaar.","translation":"Expecting your early answer, I am, Gentlemen, Yours faithfully P. J. Meulenaar.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"spoedig","gloss":"soon"},{"text":"antwoord","gloss":"answer"},{"text":"tegemoet","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"ziende,","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"teken","gloss":"sign"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"alle","gloss":"all"},{"text":"achting,","gloss":"respect, regard"},{"text":"P.","gloss":"P."},{"text":"J.","gloss":"J."},{"text":"Meulenaar.","gloss":"Meulenaar"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e102.i11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 38: exercise 103","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":356,"id":"val.nl.L38.e103.i1","source":"De heer P. J. Meulenaar, Utrecht.","translation":"Mr. P. J. Meulenaar, Utrecht.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"heer","gloss":"gentleman, lord"},{"text":"P.","gloss":"P."},{"text":"J.","gloss":"J."},{"text":"Meulenaar,","gloss":"Meulenaar"},{"text":"Utrecht.","gloss":"Utrecht"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e103.i1.m4a"},{"number":357,"id":"val.nl.L38.e103.i2","source":"Leiden, 4 mei 1912.","translation":"Leiden, 4th May, 1912.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Leiden,","gloss":"lead"},{"text":"4","gloss":"4th"},{"text":"mei","gloss":"May"},{"text":"1912.","gloss":"1912"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e103.i2.m4a"},{"number":358,"id":"val.nl.L38.e103.i3","source":"Mijnheer,","translation":"Sir,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mijnheer,","gloss":"sir!; Mr. (as a title before a name)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e103.i3.m4a"},{"number":359,"id":"val.nl.L38.e103.i4","source":"Het doet ons leed dat u met de aan u gezonden Java-Speck-koffie niet tevreden bent, en wij moeten erkennen dat het bij uw geëerde van de 2e dezer aan ons toegezonden monster een geheel andere kwaliteit is dan het monster waarop u gekocht hebt.","translation":"We are very sorry that you are not satisfied with our “Java-Speck-Coffee”, and must admit that the sample which you sent us together with your favour of the 2nd inst., is of quite another quality than the original sample.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"doet","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"leed","gloss":"suffered"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"gezonden","gloss":"to send"},{"text":"Java-Speck-koffie","gloss":"Java-Speck-Coffee"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"tevreden","gloss":"contented"},{"text":"bent,","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"moeten","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"erkennen","gloss":"admit"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"geëerde","gloss":"esteemed"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"2e","gloss":"2nd"},{"text":"dezer","gloss":"this month"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"toegezonden","gloss":"sent"},{"text":"monster","gloss":"monster"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"geheel","gloss":"whole"},{"text":"andere","gloss":"other"},{"text":"kwaliteit","gloss":"quality"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"monster","gloss":"monster"},{"text":"waarop","gloss":"on which"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"gekocht","gloss":"to buy"},{"text":"hebt.","gloss":"to have, to have had"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e103.i4.m4a"},{"number":360,"id":"val.nl.L38.e103.i5","source":"Daar wij echter, voor zover wij weten, geen koffie als het ons toegezonden monster in pakhuis hebben, kunnen wij ons de zaak niet anders verklaren dan dat zich onder de door ons gekochte partij reeds een of meer balen van mindere kwaliteit bevonden hebben, en naar het schijnt zijn die juist in uw handen gekomen, wat ons zeer leed doet.","translation":"Considering that, to our knowledge, we have no coffee agreeing with the sample which you have sent us, we cannot account for the fact than by supposing that one or several bales of inferior quality have found their way into the lot bought by us; and it appears that unfortunately it is just to your store that such bales have fallen; we are very sorry for it.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Daar","gloss":"as, since, because"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"echter,","gloss":"however"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"zover","gloss":"so far"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"weten,","gloss":"to know"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"koffie","gloss":"coffee"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"toegezonden","gloss":"sent"},{"text":"monster","gloss":"monster"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"pakhuis","gloss":"warehouse"},{"text":"hebben,","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"kunnen","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"zaak","gloss":"matter"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"anders","gloss":"otherwise"},{"text":"verklaren","gloss":"to explain"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"onder","gloss":"under; among"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"gekochte","gloss":"bought"},{"text":"partij","gloss":"party"},{"text":"reeds","gloss":"already"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"meer","gloss":"more"},{"text":"balen","gloss":"bales"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"mindere","gloss":"lesser"},{"text":"kwaliteit","gloss":"quality"},{"text":"bevonden","gloss":"found"},{"text":"hebben,","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"schijnt","gloss":"to seem"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"juist","gloss":"exactly"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"handen","gloss":"a hand, hands"},{"text":"gekomen,","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"zeer","gloss":"very"},{"text":"leed","gloss":"suffered"},{"text":"doet.","gloss":"to do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e103.i5.m4a"},{"number":361,"id":"val.nl.L38.e103.i6","source":"Uit uw brief was het ons niet duidelijk of u enkel de baal 201, dan wel alle 10 balen opengemaakt hebt; mocht dat laatste niet het geval zijn, dan verzoeken wij u vriendelijk dat alsnog te doen en ons de uitslag daarvan mee te delen.","translation":"As we could not understand from your letter whether it is the bale 201 alone or all 10 bales that you have opened we request you to open them all, in case that you have not yet done so, and to let us know what you have found.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"brief","gloss":"letter"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"duidelijk","gloss":"clear(ly)"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"enkel","gloss":"single"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"baal","gloss":"bale"},{"text":"201,","gloss":"201"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"wel","gloss":"but"},{"text":"alle","gloss":"all"},{"text":"10","gloss":"10"},{"text":"balen","gloss":"bales"},{"text":"opengemaakt","gloss":"opened"},{"text":"hebt;","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"mocht","gloss":"might, was allowed"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"laatste","gloss":"last"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"geval","gloss":"case"},{"text":"zijn,","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"verzoeken","gloss":"to beg"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"vriendelijk","gloss":"friendly, kind"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"alsnog","gloss":"after all"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"doen","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"uitslag","gloss":"outcome"},{"text":"daarvan","gloss":"of it"},{"text":"mee","gloss":"along, with"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"delen.","gloss":"to communicate, to pass on"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e103.i6.m4a"},{"number":362,"id":"val.nl.L38.e103.i7","source":"Het is zeer waarschijnlijk dat de overige 9 balen aan het oorspronkelijke monster zullen beantwoorden. Mocht dat niet het geval zijn, dan zullen wij over de gehele partij beschikken, en u onverwijld de goede kwaliteit toezenden.","translation":"It is not likely at all that the 9 other bales should differ from the original sample. If such is not the case, we shall dispose of the whole parcel, and at once send you the quality you have desired.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"zeer","gloss":"very"},{"text":"waarschijnlijk","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"overige","gloss":"rest"},{"text":"9","gloss":"9"},{"text":"balen","gloss":"bales"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"oorspronkelijke","gloss":"original"},{"text":"monster","gloss":"monster"},{"text":"zullen","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"beantwoorden.","gloss":"answer"},{"text":"Mocht","gloss":"might, was allowed"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"not so (I beg your pardon)"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not so (I beg your pardon)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"geval","gloss":"case"},{"text":"zijn,","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"zullen","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"gehele","gloss":"whole"},{"text":"partij","gloss":"party"},{"text":"beschikken,","gloss":"disposal"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"onverwijld","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"goede","gloss":"the good, what is good"},{"text":"kwaliteit","gloss":"quality"},{"text":"toezenden.","gloss":"sent"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e103.i7.m4a"},{"number":363,"id":"val.nl.L38.e103.i8","source":"Om intussen uw behoefte voor het ogenblik met zekerheid te dekken, zenden wij u heden een baal Java-Speck-koffie No. 27 per sneltrein franco.","translation":"But in order to supply you for immediate wants, we send you a bale “Java-Speck-Coffee” No. 27, to-day by the mail-train, free of charges.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Om","gloss":"smile at"},{"text":"intussen","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"behoefte","gloss":"need"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"ogenblik","gloss":"moment"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"zekerheid","gloss":"certainty"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"dekken,","gloss":"cover"},{"text":"zenden","gloss":"to send"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"heden","gloss":"today"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"baal","gloss":"bale"},{"text":"Java-Speck-koffie","gloss":"Java-Speck-Coffee"},{"text":"No.","gloss":"No."},{"text":"27","gloss":"27"},{"text":"per","gloss":"per"},{"text":"sneltrein","gloss":"fast train"},{"text":"franco.","gloss":"free of charge"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e103.i8.m4a"},{"number":364,"id":"val.nl.L38.e103.i9","source":"Uw berichten tegemoet ziende, tekenen wij met de meeste achting, Hermans & Co.","translation":"Looking forward to your information, we subscribe ourselves, Sir, Yours respectfully Hermans & Co.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"berichten","gloss":"reports"},{"text":"tegemoet","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"ziende,","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"tekenen","gloss":"signed"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"meeste","gloss":"most"},{"text":"achting,","gloss":"respect, regard"},{"text":"Hermans","gloss":"Hermans"},{"text":"&","gloss":""},{"text":"Co.","gloss":"Company"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e103.i9.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 38: exercise 104","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":365,"id":"val.nl.L38.e104.i1","source":"De heren Hermans & Co., Leiden.","translation":"Messrs. Hermans & Co., Leiden.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"heren","gloss":"gentleman, lord"},{"text":"Hermans","gloss":"Hermans"},{"text":"&","gloss":""},{"text":"Co.,","gloss":"Company"},{"text":"Leiden.","gloss":"Leiden"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e104.i1.m4a"},{"number":366,"id":"val.nl.L38.e104.i2","source":"Utrecht, 7 mei 1912.","translation":"Utrecht, 7th May, 1912.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Utrecht,","gloss":"Utrecht"},{"text":"7","gloss":"7th"},{"text":"mei","gloss":"May"},{"text":"1912.","gloss":"1912"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e104.i2.m4a"},{"number":367,"id":"val.nl.L38.e104.i3","source":"Geachte heren,","translation":"Gentlemen,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Geachte","gloss":"esteemed"},{"text":"heren,","gloss":"gentleman, lord"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e104.i3.m4a"},{"number":368,"id":"val.nl.L38.e104.i4","source":"Het doet mij genoegen u te kunnen meedelen dat het in uw brief van de 4e dezer geüite vermoeden bevestigd is: er zijn slechts 2 balen van mindere kwaliteit, No. 201 en 206; de overige 8 balen beantwoorden aan het monster, en die behoud ik, terwijl ik u verzoek over de 2 andere balen te willen beschikken.","translation":"I am happy to inform you that the presumption you expressed to me in your favour of the 4th of May has turned out to be well founded, inasmuch as we have found no more than 2 bales of inferior quality, N°s 201 and 206; the 8 other bales come up to the sample, and I keep them, asking you at the same time to dispose of the 2 bales of inferior quality.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"doet","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"genoegen","gloss":"pleasure"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"kunnen","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"meedelen","gloss":"to communicate, to pass on"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"brief","gloss":"letter"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"4e","gloss":"4th"},{"text":"dezer","gloss":"this month"},{"text":"geüite","gloss":"expressed"},{"text":"vermoeden","gloss":"guess at"},{"text":"bevestigd","gloss":"to fasten"},{"text":"is:","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"slechts","gloss":"only"},{"text":"2","gloss":"2"},{"text":"balen","gloss":"bales"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"mindere","gloss":"lesser"},{"text":"kwaliteit,","gloss":"quality"},{"text":"No.","gloss":"No."},{"text":"201","gloss":"201"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"206;","gloss":"206"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"overige","gloss":"rest"},{"text":"8","gloss":"8"},{"text":"balen","gloss":"bales"},{"text":"beantwoorden","gloss":"answer"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"monster,","gloss":"monster"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"behoud","gloss":"preserve"},{"text":"ik,","gloss":"I"},{"text":"terwijl","gloss":"while"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"verzoek","gloss":"request"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"2","gloss":"2"},{"text":"andere","gloss":"other"},{"text":"balen","gloss":""},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"willen","gloss":"to want, to wish"},{"text":"beschikken.","gloss":"disposal"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e104.i4.m4a"},{"number":369,"id":"val.nl.L38.e104.i5","source":"De verbeterde factuur inwachtende, teken ik met alle achting, P. J. Meulenaar.","translation":"Awaiting the rectification of your invoice, I am, Gentlemen, with great esteem, Yours truly P. J. Meulenaar.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"verbeterde","gloss":"correct"},{"text":"factuur","gloss":"invoice"},{"text":"inwachtende,","gloss":"awaiting"},{"text":"teken","gloss":"sign"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"alle","gloss":"all"},{"text":"achting,","gloss":"respect, regard"},{"text":"P.","gloss":"P."},{"text":"J.","gloss":"J."},{"text":"Meulenaar.","gloss":"Meulenaar"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L38.e104.i5.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 39: Construction: Woordschikking (and 3 more)","teaching":[{"title":"Word order in Dutch","paragraphs":["Dutch word order differs much from English. The rules in this lesson give only the main patterns.","Careful reading of good authors teaches the rest. Lessons 5, 23 and 25 also treat word order."]},{"title":"Subject, verb, object","paragraphs":["The plainest Dutch sentence has three parts in a set order. The subject comes first, the verb second, the direct object third.","Mijn broer ontving een brief. Mijn broer is the subject. Ontving is the verb. Een brief is the direct object."]},{"title":"The second verb at the end","paragraphs":["Some tenses use an auxiliary and a second verb. The second verb is an infinitive or a participle. It stands at the end of the sentence.","Ik zal een brief ontvangen. Ik heb een brief ontvangen. In both, the auxiliary stands second and ontvangen stands last."]},{"title":"The receiver before the thing","paragraphs":["Some verbs take two objects. One is the thing given or told. The other is the person who gets it.","The person comes first. The thing comes second.","Hij heeft mijn broer een lange brief geschreven. Mijn broer is the person. Een lange brief is the thing.","Wij hebben hem het nieuws medegedeeld follows the same order."]}],"lines":[{"number":370,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.2.1","source":"Mijn broer ontving een brief.","translation":"my brother received a letter.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"broer","gloss":"brother"},{"text":"ontving","gloss":"received"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"brief.","gloss":"letter"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.2.1.m4a"},{"number":371,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.3.1","source":"Ik zal een brief ontvangen.","translation":"I shall receive a letter.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"brief","gloss":"letter"},{"text":"ontvangen.","gloss":"received"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.3.1.m4a"},{"number":372,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.3.2","source":"Ik heb een brief ontvangen.","translation":"I have received a letter.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"brief","gloss":"letter"},{"text":"ontvangen.","gloss":"received"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.3.2.m4a"},{"number":373,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.4.1","source":"Hij heeft mijn broer een lange brief geschreven.","translation":"he has written my brother a long letter.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"broer","gloss":"brother"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"lange","gloss":"long"},{"text":"brief","gloss":"letter"},{"text":"geschreven.","gloss":"to write"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.4.1.m4a"},{"number":374,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.4.2","source":"Wij hebben hem het nieuws medegedeeld.","translation":"we have informed him of the news.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"nieuws","gloss":"new"},{"text":"medegedeeld.","gloss":"informed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.4.2.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":581,"text":"Construction: Woordschikking\n\nDutch construction differs very much from English, as the student may have observed already in some of the foregoing examples. Attentive reading of the best authors will be a good help in learning this part of the Dutch grammar, as the principal rules only can be stated here. See also Lesson 5, 23, 25."},{"section":582,"text":"In the simple sentence the order is subject, verb, direct object\n\nIn the regular order, the subject stands in the first place, the verb (in simple tenses) in the second, and the direct object in the third. Mijn broer ontving een brief. my brother received a letter."},{"section":583,"text":"With compound tenses the infinitive or participle stands at the end\n\nWith compound tenses the complement of the auxiliary, be it an Infinitive or a Participle, stands at the end of the sentence. Ik zal een brief ontvangen. I shall receive a letter. Ik heb een brief ontvangen. I have received a letter."},{"section":584,"text":"With two objects the dative precedes the accusative\n\nWhen there are two objects in a sentence, the dative object precedes the accusative object. Hij heeft mijn broer een lange brief geschreven. he has written my brother a long letter. Wij hebben hem het nieuws medegedeeld. we have informed him of the news."},{"section":585,"text":"Two pronoun objects: the smaller first; two monosyllables: accusative before dative\n\nWhen both objects are pronouns, the smaller comes first; when both are monosyllabic, the Accusative precedes the Dative. Ik heb hem alles medegedeeld. I have told him everything. Zeg het hem. Tell it to him. Hebt u het hem geschreven? Have you written it to him?"},{"section":586,"text":"The indirect object follows the direct object\n\nThe indirect object follows the direct object. Ik heb de boeken aan mijn vriend gezonden. I have sent the books to my friend. Hij raadpleegde zijn broer bij alle gelegenheden. he consulted his brother on all occasions."},{"section":587,"text":"Adverbs of manner follow the direct object\n\nAdverbs of manner follow the direct object. Hij ontving mij zeer vriendelijk. he received me very kindly. Hij heeft mij zeer vriendelijk ontvangen. he has received me very kindly. Hebt u het hem beleefd gevraagd? have you asked him politely?"},{"section":588,"text":"Adverbs and adverbial expressions of time take the third place\n\nAdverbs and adverbial expressions of time take the third place, immediately after the predicate or auxiliary. Except when the object is a personal pronoun without a preposition. Note. A simple adverb of time always precedes an adv. expression of time. Wij zijn onlangs naar Amsterdam gegaan. We have recently gone to Amsterdam. Wij zullen in een uur terug zijn. We shall be back in an hour. Hebt u hem gisteren gezien? Nee, ik zal hem morgen gaan bezoeken. Have you seen him yesterday? No, I shall go and visit him tomorrow. Komt u morgen om 4 uur? Are you coming tomorrow at 4 o'clock? Nee, ik ga nooit 's middags uit, maar wel 's avonds. No, I never go out in the afternoon, but I do in the evening."},{"section":589,"text":"Adverbs of place stand at the end of the sentence\n\nAdverbs and adv. expressions of place are put at the end of a sentence, with compound tenses they precede the Participle. Waar was u toch? Men zocht u overal. Where were you? You were looked for everywhere. Men heeft u overal gezocht. You have been looked for everywhere."},{"section":590,"text":"The negation niet follows the direct object but precedes the adverbial adjuncts\n\nThe negation niet follows the direct object, but precedes the adverbial adjuncts. Mijn broer wint het proces niet. My brother is not winning the lawsuit. Mijn broer zal het proces niet winnen. My brother will not win the lawsuit. Mijn broer heeft het proces niet gewonnen. My brother has not won the lawsuit. Ga niet uit in zulk weer. Do not go out in such weather. Zij gaan niet naar A. They are not going to A."},{"section":591,"text":"In questions niet sometimes precedes the direct object\n\nIn questions niet sometimes precedes the direct object. But it need not. Hebt u niet het recht zo te spreken? Have you not the right to speak so? Heeft uw broer het proces niet gewonnen? Has your brother not won the lawsuit?"},{"section":592,"text":"A detached separable prefix is placed at the end of the clause\n\nWhen prefixes of separable compound verbs are detached from the verb, they are placed at the end of the clause. Hij nam zijn hoed af en deed zijn handschoenen uit. He took off his hat and took off his gloves. Schrijf deze brief nog eens over! Copy this letter over again!"},{"section":593,"text":"Inversion of subject and verb\n\nAs in English the regular arrangement of words is often inverted by removing one of the parts of speech from its usual place. The inversion of the subject and verb appears almost as in English. Geloof je het? Do you believe it? Was hij maar hier! Would he were here! Intussen was de lente aangebroken. Meanwhile spring had broken."},{"section":594,"text":"Inverting the object throws stress on it; the subject then follows the verb\n\nThe object is inverted to lay more stress upon it; the subject is then placed after the verb or after the auxiliary. Ik heb deze brief niet geschreven. I have not written this letter. Deze brief heb ik niet geschreven. This letter I have not written. Hij heeft de brief, maar niet de boeken, ontvangen. He has received the letter, but not the books. De brief heeft hij ontvangen, maar de boeken niet. The letter he has received, but not the books."},{"section":595,"text":"Inverted adverbs put the verb before the subject\n\nWhen adverbs or adv. expressions are inverted, the verb (or auxiliary) precedes the subject. Note. As in English a sentence may be expressed in various ways, according to the stress laid upon the words. Langzaam ging hij naar huis terug. Slowly he went back home. Onder een hevige hagelbui kwamen wij in de stad. Under a heavy hailstorm we arrived in the town. Wij hebben nog nooit zulke wonderlijke dingen hier gezien. We have never yet seen such wonderful things here. Zulke wonderlijke dingen hebben wij hier nog nooit gezien. Such wonderful things we have never yet seen here. Hier hebben wij zulke wonderlijke dingen nog nooit gezien. Here we have never yet seen such wonderful things. Nog nooit hebben wij zulke wonderlijke dingen hier gezien. Never yet have we seen such wonderful things here."},{"section":596,"text":"Co-ordinate compound sentences\n\nCo-ordinating sentences (nevenschikkende zinnen) may be placed beside each other without any connection or connected with other words: demonstrative pronouns and conjunctions. The place of the different parts of speech will be seen from the following examples. Ga maar langzaam door, ik volg zo dadelijk. Go on slowly, I'll follow directly. De stoomfluit weerklonk, de trein zette zich in beweging. The steam whistle sounded, the train set itself in motion. Voltaire en Napoleon waren twee beroemde mannen. Voltaire and Napoleon were two famous men. Deze streed met het zwaard, gene met de pen. The latter fought with the sword, the former with the pen. Rijkdom en geluk gaan niet altijd samen. Riches and happiness do not always go together. Dit zien wij vaak in het dagelijkse leven. We see this often in daily life. De zon verdween aan de horizon en de duisternis viel plotseling in. The sun disappeared on the horizon and darkness fell suddenly. Hij kon niet komen, want er was geen boot meer om die tijd. He could not come, for there was no boat left at that time. Ik verwacht nog bezoek, daarom moet ik thuis blijven. I still expect a visit; therefore I must stay at home. Deze leerling is niet lui, maar integendeel zeer vlijtig. This pupil is not lazy, but on the contrary very diligent. Het is waar of het is niet waar. It is true or it is not true. Ik was wel op haar komst voorbereid. I was indeed prepared for her coming. Desondanks voelde ik mij bij haar verschijnen enigszins verlegen. Nevertheless I felt somewhat embarrassed when she appeared."},{"section":597,"text":"Compound sentences with subordinate clauses\n\nCompound sentences with subordinate clauses (ondergeschikte zinnen) consist of a principal sentence (hoofdzin) and a subordinate clause (bijzin). They are connected by relative pronouns, relative or interrogative conjunctions or adverbs and subordinate conjunctions."},{"section":598,"text":"The subordinate clause: verb at the end, objects before the verb, no separated prefix\n\nThe subordinate clauses are characterised by the following particulars: the verb stands at the end. In compound tenses the auxiliary generally follows the participle. The verbs willen, mogen, moeten etc. are placed before the infinitive. In separable compound verbs the prefix is not separated. The objects are placed between the subject and the verb. Dit is de man, waarmee uw vader sprak. This is the man with whom your father spoke. Er was al veel gebeurd, toen de revolutie uitbrak. Much had already happened when the revolution broke out. Dat is de man, van wie ik gesproken heb. That is the man of whom I have spoken. Dat is de reden dat hij gezwegen heeft. That is the reason (why) he has kept silent. Hier is de eigenaar van het hotel, waarin ik mijn intrek heb genomen. Here is the owner of the hotel in which I have taken up my lodging. Wij gaan naar het koffiehuis, waar ik gisteren geweest ben. We are going to the coffee-house where I was yesterday. Geloof je dat hij zou kunnen liegen? Do you believe that he could lie? Hij vroeg mij, of ik met hem mee wilde gaan. He asked me whether I wanted to go with him. Hij vroeg mij, of ik met hem meeging. He asked me whether I was going with him. Weet u, of hij lang zal uitblijven? Do you know whether he will stay away long? Hij wist niet, of u deze boeken nog aan uw broer moest verzenden. He did not know whether you still had to send these books to your brother. Zij hebben op ons verzoek vergeten te antwoorden. They forgot to answer our request. Dat hebben wij hun altijd kwalijk genomen. which we have always held against them."},{"section":599,"text":"The subordinate clause may come first, and then the principal subject follows the verb\n\nThe subordinate sentence may be the first member as well as the second; if it comes first, the subject of the second (the principal sentence) is placed after the verb. Hij kon niet komen, daar hij geen tijd had. He could not come, as he had no time. Daar hij geen tijd had, kon hij niet komen. As he had no time, he could not come. Hij wist niet, of zijn broer heden nog zou vertrekken. He did not know whether his brother would still leave today. Of zijn broer heden nog zou vertrekken, wist hij niet. Whether his brother would still leave today, he did not know."},{"section":600,"text":"The subordinate clause may also be inserted inside the principal sentence\n\nThe subordinate sentence may also be inserted between the words of the principal sentence, without affecting the order of the latter. Hij vond, toen hij thuis kwam, al zijn papieren in wanorde. He found, when he came home, all his papers in disorder. Ik wist, voordat ik lang nagedacht had, de oplossing van het raadsel. I knew, before I had thought long, the solution of the riddle."},{"section":601,"text":"Als or indien may be left out; the verb then keeps second place\n\nThe conjunction als or indien is often omitted; in this case the verb is not removed to the end. Had ik alles geweten, ik zou niet gekomen zijn. Had I known everything, I should not have come. Waren alle mensen wijs, het leven zou veel aangenamer zijn. Were all men wise, life would be much more pleasant."},{"section":602,"text":"Objective clauses are generally preceded by dat\n\nObjective clauses are generally preceded by dat, whereas in English this conjunction is frequently omitted. Ik vrees dat u te laat zult komen. I fear that you will come too late. Ik geloof dat hij naar de West gegaan is. I believe that he has gone to the West Indies. (Beets.) Ik hoop dat u het ondervinden zult. I hope that you will experience it. (Beets.) Jonathan kon het niet geloven dat zijn vader een meinedige zou zijn. Jonathan could not believe that his father would be a perjurer. (Van der Palm.)"},{"section":603,"text":"Sometimes dat is omitted\n\nSometimes dat is omitted, i. e.: Ik zeg u: het zal dooien. I say to you: it will thaw. (Beets.) Het is de aangenaamste tijd van het leven, zegt men. It is the pleasantest time of life, they say. (Beets.) Geloof mij, hij zal het zwaard trekken. Believe me, he will draw the sword. (van Lennep.) Hij is, hoop ik, welvarend. He is, I hope, doing well. Dit is, meen ik, niet onbelangrijk. This is, I think, not unimportant."},{"section":604,"text":"Dat is always omitted when another person's words are quoted verbatim\n\nDat is always omitted, when the words of another person are quoted just as they were used. Mijn vader zegt altijd: “men moet maar gelukkig zijn.” My father always says: “one must simply be happy.” Vader Cats zei: “vroeg rijp, vroeg rot, vroeg wijs, vroeg zot.” Father Cats said: “soon ripe, soon rotten, soon wise, soon foolish.”"}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 39: Two pronoun objects: the smaller first; two monosyllables: accusative before dative (and 1 more)","teaching":[{"title":"Two pronouns together","paragraphs":["When both objects are pronouns, the shorter one comes first.","Ik heb hem alles medegedeeld. Hem is shorter than alles, so hem comes first.","A monosyllable is a word with one syllable, such as het or hem. When both pronouns are monosyllables, the thing comes before the person.","Zeg het hem. Hebt u het hem geschreven? In both, het is the thing and hem is the person."]},{"title":"The object with a preposition","paragraphs":["The indirect object stands after the direct object. Here it comes with a preposition, as in aan mijn vriend.","Ik heb de boeken aan mijn vriend gezonden. De boeken is the direct object. Aan mijn vriend follows it.","Hij raadpleegde zijn broer bij alle gelegenheden. The phrase bij alle gelegenheden also comes after the object."]}],"lines":[{"number":375,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.5.1","source":"Ik heb hem alles medegedeeld.","translation":"I have told him everything.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"alles","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"medegedeeld.","gloss":"told"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.5.1.m4a"},{"number":376,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.5.2","source":"Zeg het hem.","translation":"Tell it to him.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zeg","gloss":"say"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"hem.","gloss":"him"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.5.2.m4a"},{"number":377,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.5.3","source":"Hebt u het hem geschreven?","translation":"Have you written it to him?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hebt","gloss":"have"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"geschreven?","gloss":"to write"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.5.3.m4a"},{"number":378,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.6.1","source":"Ik heb de boeken aan mijn vriend gezonden.","translation":"I have sent the books to my friend.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"boeken","gloss":"books"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"vriend","gloss":"friend"},{"text":"gezonden.","gloss":"to send"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.6.1.m4a"},{"number":379,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.6.2","source":"Hij raadpleegde zijn broer bij alle gelegenheden.","translation":"he consulted his brother on all occasions.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"raadpleegde","gloss":"to consult"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"broer","gloss":"brother"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"alle","gloss":"all"},{"text":"gelegenheden.","gloss":"occasions"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.6.2.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 39: Adverbs of manner follow the direct object","teaching":[{"title":"How an action is done","paragraphs":["An adverb of manner says how something is done. Zeer vriendelijk and beleefd are examples.","It stands after the direct object.","Hij ontving mij zeer vriendelijk. Mij is the object, and zeer vriendelijk follows it.","With two verbs, the adverb stays before the last verb. Hij heeft mij zeer vriendelijk ontvangen. Hebt u het hem beleefd gevraagd?"]}],"lines":[{"number":380,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.7.1","source":"Hij ontving mij zeer vriendelijk.","translation":"he received me very kindly.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"ontving","gloss":"received"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"zeer","gloss":"very"},{"text":"vriendelijk.","gloss":"friendly, kind"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.7.1.m4a"},{"number":381,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.7.2","source":"Hij heeft mij zeer vriendelijk ontvangen.","translation":"he has received me very kindly.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"zeer","gloss":"very"},{"text":"vriendelijk","gloss":"friendly, kind"},{"text":"ontvangen.","gloss":"received"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.7.2.m4a"},{"number":382,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.7.3","source":"Hebt u het hem beleefd gevraagd?","translation":"have you asked him politely?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hebt","gloss":"have"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"beleefd","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"gevraagd?","gloss":"to ask"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.7.3.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 39: Adverbs and adverbial expressions of time take the third place (and 1 more)","teaching":[{"title":"When an action happens","paragraphs":["An adverb of time says when. Gisteren, morgen and onlangs are examples. Right after the verb or the auxiliary is the usual place.","Wij zijn onlangs naar Amsterdam gegaan. Wij zullen in een uur terug zijn.","One exception exists. A pronoun object with no preposition comes before the time word. Hebt u hem gisteren gezien?"]},{"title":"Two time words together","paragraphs":["A short time word comes before a longer time phrase.","Komt u morgen om 4 uur? Morgen is a single word. Om 4 uur is a phrase, and it comes second.","Nee, ik ga nooit 's middags uit, maar wel 's avonds. Here the time words stand after the verb."]},{"title":"Where an action happens","paragraphs":["An adverb of place says where. Overal is an example. It stands at the end of the sentence.","Men zocht u overal.","With two verbs, the adverb of place stands before the participle. Men heeft u overal gezocht. Overal comes before gezocht."]}],"lines":[{"number":383,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.8.1","source":"Wij zijn onlangs naar Amsterdam gegaan.","translation":"We have recently gone to Amsterdam.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"onlangs","gloss":"lately"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"Amsterdam","gloss":"Amsterdam"},{"text":"gegaan.","gloss":"to go"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.8.1.m4a"},{"number":384,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.8.2","source":"Wij zullen in een uur terug zijn.","translation":"We shall be back in an hour.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"zullen","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"uur","gloss":"hour"},{"text":"terug","gloss":"back"},{"text":"zijn.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.8.2.m4a"},{"number":385,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.8.3","source":"Hebt u hem gisteren gezien? Nee, ik zal hem morgen gaan bezoeken.","translation":"Have you seen him yesterday? No, I shall go and visit him tomorrow.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hebt","gloss":"have"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"gisteren","gloss":"yesterday"},{"text":"gezien?","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"Nee,","gloss":"no"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"morgen","gloss":"morning"},{"text":"gaan","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"bezoeken.","gloss":"to visit"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.8.3.m4a"},{"number":386,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.8.4","source":"Komt u morgen om 4 uur?","translation":"Are you coming tomorrow at 4 o'clock?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Komt","gloss":"comes"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"morgen","gloss":"morning"},{"text":"om","gloss":"smile at"},{"text":"4","gloss":"4"},{"text":"uur?","gloss":"hour"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.8.4.m4a"},{"number":387,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.8.5","source":"Nee, ik ga nooit 's middags uit, maar wel 's avonds.","translation":"No, I never go out in the afternoon, but I do in the evening.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nee,","gloss":"no"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"ga","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"nooit","gloss":"never"},{"text":"'s","gloss":"(abbreviation)"},{"text":"middags","gloss":"midday"},{"text":"uit,","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"wel","gloss":"but"},{"text":"'s","gloss":"(abbreviation)"},{"text":"avonds.","gloss":"evening"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.8.5.m4a"},{"number":388,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.9.1","source":"Waar was u toch? Men zocht u overal.","translation":"Where were you? You were looked for everywhere.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Waar","gloss":"where; true"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"toch?","gloss":"indeed, after all (here: 'I did warn you, after all')"},{"text":"Men","gloss":"one, people"},{"text":"zocht","gloss":"to try, to seek"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"overal.","gloss":"everywhere"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.9.1.m4a"},{"number":389,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.9.2","source":"Men heeft u overal gezocht.","translation":"You have been looked for everywhere.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Men","gloss":"one, people"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"overal","gloss":"everywhere"},{"text":"gezocht.","gloss":"to try, to seek"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.9.2.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 39: The negation niet follows the direct object but precedes the adverbial adjuncts (and 1 more)","teaching":[{"title":"Placing niet","paragraphs":["Niet makes a sentence negative. It stands after the direct object and before words that tell where, when or how.","Mijn broer wint het proces niet. Het proces is the direct object, and niet follows it.","With two verbs, niet stays before the last verb. Mijn broer heeft het proces niet gewonnen.","Zij gaan niet naar A. Here niet comes before the place."]},{"title":"Niet in questions","paragraphs":["In a question, niet sometimes stands before the direct object. It does not have to.","Hebt u niet het recht zo te spreken? Het recht is the direct object, and niet comes before it.","Heeft uw broer het proces niet gewonnen? Here niet follows the object as in a statement. Both orders are right."]}],"lines":[{"number":390,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.10.1","source":"Mijn broer wint het proces niet.","translation":"My brother is not winning the lawsuit.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"broer","gloss":"brother"},{"text":"wint","gloss":"to win"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"proces","gloss":"case"},{"text":"niet.","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.10.1.m4a"},{"number":391,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.10.2","source":"Mijn broer zal het proces niet winnen.","translation":"My brother will not win the lawsuit.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"broer","gloss":"brother"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"proces","gloss":"case"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"winnen.","gloss":"to win"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.10.2.m4a"},{"number":392,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.10.3","source":"Mijn broer heeft het proces niet gewonnen.","translation":"My brother has not won the lawsuit.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"broer","gloss":"brother"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"proces","gloss":"case"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"gewonnen.","gloss":"to win"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.10.3.m4a"},{"number":393,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.10.4","source":"Ga niet uit in zulk weer.","translation":"Do not go out in such weather.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ga","gloss":"go"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"zulk","gloss":"such"},{"text":"weer.","gloss":"again"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.10.4.m4a"},{"number":394,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.10.5","source":"Zij gaan niet naar A.","translation":"They are not going to A.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"gaan","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"A.","gloss":"A"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.10.5.m4a"},{"number":395,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.11.1","source":"Hebt u niet het recht zo te spreken?","translation":"Have you not the right to speak so?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hebt","gloss":"have"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"recht","gloss":"justice"},{"text":"zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"spreken?","gloss":"to speak"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.11.1.m4a"},{"number":396,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.11.2","source":"Heeft uw broer het proces niet gewonnen?","translation":"Has your brother not won the lawsuit?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"broer","gloss":"brother"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"proces","gloss":"case"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"gewonnen?","gloss":"to win"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.11.2.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 39: A detached separable prefix is placed at the end of the clause (and 1 more)","teaching":[{"title":"A prefix at the end","paragraphs":["A separable verb can lose its prefix in a sentence. The prefix then goes to the end of its clause.","Hij nam zijn hoed af en deed zijn handschoenen uit. Af and uit stand last in each half.","Schrijf deze brief nog eens over! The prefix over stands last."]},{"title":"Turning subject and verb","paragraphs":["Inversion means the verb stands before the subject. Dutch uses it almost as English does.","Geloof je het? Was hij maar hier! The verb comes first, and the subject follows.","Inversion also happens when another word opens the sentence. Intussen was de lente aangebroken. Intussen is first, so the verb was comes before the subject."]}],"lines":[{"number":397,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.12.1","source":"Hij nam zijn hoed af en deed zijn handschoenen uit.","translation":"He took off his hat and took off his gloves.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"nam","gloss":"to take"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"hoed","gloss":"hat"},{"text":"af","gloss":"off"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"deed","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"handschoenen","gloss":"glove"},{"text":"uit.","gloss":"out of, from"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.12.1.m4a"},{"number":398,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.12.2","source":"Schrijf deze brief nog eens over!","translation":"Copy this letter over again!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Schrijf","gloss":"write"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"brief","gloss":"letter"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"eens","gloss":"once, one day"},{"text":"over!","gloss":"across, over"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.12.2.m4a"},{"number":399,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.13.1","source":"Geloof je het?","translation":"Do you believe it?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Geloof","gloss":"believe"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"het?","gloss":"it; the"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.13.1.m4a"},{"number":400,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.13.2","source":"Was hij maar hier!","translation":"Would he were here!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"hier!","gloss":"here"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.13.2.m4a"},{"number":401,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.13.3","source":"Intussen was de lente aangebroken.","translation":"Meanwhile spring had broken.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Intussen","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"lente","gloss":"spring"},{"text":"aangebroken.","gloss":"broken"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.13.3.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 39: Inverting the object throws stress on it; the subject then follows the verb","teaching":[{"title":"Stress on the object","paragraphs":["A speaker can move the object to the front to give it more stress. The subject then comes after the verb or the auxiliary.","Ik heb deze brief niet geschreven. Deze brief heb ik niet geschreven. The object deze brief now opens the sentence, and ik follows heb.","De brief heeft hij ontvangen, maar de boeken niet."]}],"lines":[{"number":402,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.14.1","source":"Ik heb deze brief niet geschreven.","translation":"I have not written this letter.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"brief","gloss":"letter"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"geschreven.","gloss":"to write"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.14.1.m4a"},{"number":403,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.14.2","source":"Deze brief heb ik niet geschreven.","translation":"This letter I have not written.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"brief","gloss":"letter"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"geschreven.","gloss":"to write"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.14.2.m4a"},{"number":404,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.14.3","source":"Hij heeft de brief, maar niet de boeken, ontvangen.","translation":"He has received the letter, but not the books.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"brief,","gloss":"letter"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"boeken,","gloss":"books"},{"text":"ontvangen.","gloss":"received"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.14.3.m4a"},{"number":405,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.14.4","source":"De brief heeft hij ontvangen, maar de boeken niet.","translation":"The letter he has received, but not the books.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"brief","gloss":"letter"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"ontvangen,","gloss":"received"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"boeken","gloss":"books"},{"text":"niet.","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.14.4.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 39: Inverted adverbs put the verb before the subject","teaching":[{"title":"Adverbs at the front","paragraphs":["An adverb or an adverb phrase can also open the sentence. The verb then comes second, and the subject follows it.","Langzaam ging hij naar huis terug. Langzaam opens the sentence, then comes ging, then hij.","Onder een hevige hagelbui kwamen wij in de stad. The same rule holds for a whole phrase.","One sentence can be built in many ways. Each way puts the weight on a different word, as with hier and nog nooit in the examples."]}],"lines":[{"number":406,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.15.1","source":"Langzaam ging hij naar huis terug.","translation":"Slowly he went back home.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Langzaam","gloss":"slowly"},{"text":"ging","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"huis","gloss":"house"},{"text":"terug.","gloss":"back"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.15.1.m4a"},{"number":407,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.15.2","source":"Onder een hevige hagelbui kwamen wij in de stad.","translation":"Under a heavy hailstorm we arrived in the town.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Onder","gloss":"under; among"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"hevige","gloss":"violent"},{"text":"hagelbui","gloss":"hailstorm"},{"text":"kwamen","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"stad.","gloss":"city, town"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.15.2.m4a"},{"number":408,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.15.3","source":"Wij hebben nog nooit zulke wonderlijke dingen hier gezien.","translation":"We have never yet seen such wonderful things here.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"nooit","gloss":"never"},{"text":"zulke","gloss":"such"},{"text":"wonderlijke","gloss":"strange"},{"text":"dingen","gloss":"things"},{"text":"hier","gloss":"here"},{"text":"gezien.","gloss":"to see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.15.3.m4a"},{"number":409,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.15.4","source":"Zulke wonderlijke dingen hebben wij hier nog nooit gezien.","translation":"Such wonderful things we have never yet seen here.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zulke","gloss":"such"},{"text":"wonderlijke","gloss":"strange"},{"text":"dingen","gloss":"things"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"hier","gloss":"here"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"nooit","gloss":"never"},{"text":"gezien.","gloss":"to see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.15.4.m4a"},{"number":410,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.15.5","source":"Hier hebben wij zulke wonderlijke dingen nog nooit gezien.","translation":"Here we have never yet seen such wonderful things.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hier","gloss":"here"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"zulke","gloss":"such"},{"text":"wonderlijke","gloss":"strange"},{"text":"dingen","gloss":"things"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"nooit","gloss":"never"},{"text":"gezien.","gloss":"to see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.15.5.m4a"},{"number":411,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.15.6","source":"Nog nooit hebben wij zulke wonderlijke dingen hier gezien.","translation":"Never yet have we seen such wonderful things here.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"nooit","gloss":"never"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"zulke","gloss":"such"},{"text":"wonderlijke","gloss":"strange"},{"text":"dingen","gloss":"things"},{"text":"hier","gloss":"here"},{"text":"gezien.","gloss":"to see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.15.6.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 39: Co-ordinate compound sentences","teaching":[{"title":"Two clauses side by side","paragraphs":["Co-ordinate clauses stand next to each other, each a full sentence. They can have no link, as in De stoomfluit weerklonk, de trein zette zich in beweging.","They can also have a link, a demonstrative pronoun or a conjunction such as en, want, maar, of or daarom.","Read the examples for the order. After want the order does not change. After daarom the verb comes before the subject."]}],"lines":[{"number":412,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.16.1","source":"Ga maar langzaam door, ik volg zo dadelijk.","translation":"Go on slowly, I'll follow directly.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ga","gloss":"go"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"langzaam","gloss":"slowly"},{"text":"door,","gloss":"through"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"volg","gloss":"followed"},{"text":"zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"dadelijk.","gloss":"immediately"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.16.1.m4a"},{"number":413,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.16.2","source":"De stoomfluit weerklonk, de trein zette zich in beweging.","translation":"The steam whistle sounded, the train set itself in motion.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"stoomfluit","gloss":"steam whistle"},{"text":"weerklonk,","gloss":"rang"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"trein","gloss":"train"},{"text":"zette","gloss":"to put, to set"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"beweging.","gloss":"movement"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.16.2.m4a"},{"number":414,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.16.3","source":"Voltaire en Napoleon waren twee beroemde mannen.","translation":"Voltaire and Napoleon were two famous men.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Voltaire","gloss":"Voltaire"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Napoleon","gloss":"Napoleon"},{"text":"waren","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"twee","gloss":"two"},{"text":"beroemde","gloss":"celebrated"},{"text":"mannen.","gloss":"men"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.16.3.m4a"},{"number":415,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.16.4","source":"Deze streed met het zwaard, gene met de pen.","translation":"The latter fought with the sword, the former with the pen.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"streed","gloss":"to fight"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"zwaard,","gloss":"sword"},{"text":"gene","gloss":"that"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"pen.","gloss":"pen"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.16.4.m4a"},{"number":416,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.16.5","source":"Rijkdom en geluk gaan niet altijd samen.","translation":"Riches and happiness do not always go together.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Rijkdom","gloss":"riches, wealth"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"geluk","gloss":"fortune"},{"text":"gaan","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"altijd","gloss":"always"},{"text":"samen.","gloss":"together"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.16.5.m4a"},{"number":417,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.16.6","source":"Dit zien wij vaak in het dagelijkse leven.","translation":"We see this often in daily life.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dit","gloss":"this"},{"text":"zien","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"vaak","gloss":"often"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"dagelijkse","gloss":"daily"},{"text":"leven.","gloss":"life"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.16.6.m4a"},{"number":418,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.16.7","source":"De zon verdween aan de horizon en de duisternis viel plotseling in.","translation":"The sun disappeared on the horizon and darkness fell suddenly.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"zon","gloss":"sun"},{"text":"verdween","gloss":"to disappear"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"horizon","gloss":"horizon"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"duisternis","gloss":"darkness"},{"text":"viel","gloss":"to fall"},{"text":"plotseling","gloss":"suddenly"},{"text":"in.","gloss":"in"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.16.7.m4a"},{"number":419,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.16.8","source":"Hij kon niet komen, want er was geen boot meer om die tijd.","translation":"He could not come, for there was no boat left at that time.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"kon","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"komen,","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"want","gloss":"for, because"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"boot","gloss":"boat"},{"text":"meer","gloss":"more"},{"text":"om","gloss":"smile at"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"tijd.","gloss":"time"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.16.8.m4a"},{"number":420,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.16.9","source":"Ik verwacht nog bezoek, daarom moet ik thuis blijven.","translation":"I still expect a visit; therefore I must stay at home.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"verwacht","gloss":"expect"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"bezoek,","gloss":"visit"},{"text":"daarom","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"moet","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"thuis","gloss":"at home"},{"text":"blijven.","gloss":"to remain, stay"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.16.9.m4a"},{"number":421,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.16.10","source":"Deze leerling is niet lui, maar integendeel zeer vlijtig.","translation":"This pupil is not lazy, but on the contrary very diligent.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"leerling","gloss":"pupil"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"lui,","gloss":"lazy"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"integendeel","gloss":"on the contrary"},{"text":"zeer","gloss":"very"},{"text":"vlijtig.","gloss":"diligent"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.16.10.m4a"},{"number":422,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.16.11","source":"Het is waar of het is niet waar.","translation":"It is true or it is not true.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"waar","gloss":"where; true"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"waar.","gloss":"where; true"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.16.11.m4a"},{"number":423,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.16.12","source":"Ik was wel op haar komst voorbereid.","translation":"I was indeed prepared for her coming.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"wel","gloss":"but"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"haar","gloss":"her"},{"text":"komst","gloss":"arrival"},{"text":"voorbereid.","gloss":"prepared"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.16.12.m4a"},{"number":424,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.16.13","source":"Desondanks voelde ik mij bij haar verschijnen enigszins verlegen.","translation":"Nevertheless I felt somewhat embarrassed when she appeared.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Desondanks","gloss":"nevertheless"},{"text":"voelde","gloss":"felt"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"haar","gloss":"her"},{"text":"verschijnen","gloss":"appearing"},{"text":"enigszins","gloss":"somewhat"},{"text":"verlegen.","gloss":"at a loss"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.16.13.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 39: The subordinate clause: verb at the end, objects before the verb, no separated prefix","teaching":[{"title":"The verb at the end of a dependent clause","paragraphs":["In a dependent clause, the verb stands at the end. The objects stand between the subject and the verb.","Dit is de man, waarmee uw vader sprak. Sprak is last.","With two verbs, the auxiliary usually follows the participle. Dat is de man, van wie ik gesproken heb.","A verb such as willen, mogen or moeten stands before the infinitive. Hij vroeg mij, of ik met hem mee wilde gaan."]},{"title":"The joined prefix","paragraphs":["In a dependent clause, a separable verb does not come apart.","Hij vroeg mij, of ik met hem meeging. The prefix mee stays on the verb gaan.","In a main clause the prefix would stand apart at the end."]}],"lines":[{"number":425,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.18.1","source":"Dit is de man, waarmee uw vader sprak.","translation":"This is the man with whom your father spoke.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dit","gloss":"this"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"man,","gloss":"man; husband"},{"text":"waarmee","gloss":"with which"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"vader","gloss":"the father"},{"text":"sprak.","gloss":"to speak"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.18.1.m4a"},{"number":426,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.18.2","source":"Er was al veel gebeurd, toen de revolutie uitbrak.","translation":"Much had already happened when the revolution broke out.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"veel","gloss":"much"},{"text":"gebeurd,","gloss":"happened"},{"text":"toen","gloss":"as, when"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"revolutie","gloss":"revolution"},{"text":"uitbrak.","gloss":"broke out"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.18.2.m4a"},{"number":427,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.18.3","source":"Dat is de man, van wie ik gesproken heb.","translation":"That is the man of whom I have spoken.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"man,","gloss":"man; husband"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"wie","gloss":"who"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"gesproken","gloss":"to speak"},{"text":"heb.","gloss":"to have, to have had"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.18.3.m4a"},{"number":428,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.18.4","source":"Dat is de reden dat hij gezwegen heeft.","translation":"That is the reason (why) he has kept silent.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"reden","gloss":"reason"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"gezwegen","gloss":"to be silent"},{"text":"heeft.","gloss":"to have, to have had"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.18.4.m4a"},{"number":429,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.18.5","source":"Hier is de eigenaar van het hotel, waarin ik mijn intrek heb genomen.","translation":"Here is the owner of the hotel in which I have taken up my lodging.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hier","gloss":"here"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"eigenaar","gloss":"owner"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"hotel,","gloss":"hotel"},{"text":"waarin","gloss":"in which"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"intrek","gloss":"lodging"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"genomen.","gloss":"to take"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.18.5.m4a"},{"number":430,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.18.6","source":"Wij gaan naar het koffiehuis, waar ik gisteren geweest ben.","translation":"We are going to the coffee-house where I was yesterday.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"gaan","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"koffiehuis,","gloss":"coffee-house"},{"text":"waar","gloss":"where; true"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"gisteren","gloss":"yesterday"},{"text":"geweest","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"ben.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.18.6.m4a"},{"number":431,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.18.7","source":"Geloof je dat hij zou kunnen liegen?","translation":"Do you believe that he could lie?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Geloof","gloss":"believe"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"zou","gloss":"should, would"},{"text":"kunnen","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"liegen?","gloss":"to lie (tell an untruth)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.18.7.m4a"},{"number":432,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.18.8","source":"Hij vroeg mij, of ik met hem mee wilde gaan.","translation":"He asked me whether I wanted to go with him.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"vroeg","gloss":"to ask"},{"text":"mij,","gloss":"me"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"mee","gloss":"along, with"},{"text":"wilde","gloss":"to want, to wish"},{"text":"gaan.","gloss":"to go"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.18.8.m4a"},{"number":433,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.18.9","source":"Hij vroeg mij, of ik met hem meeging.","translation":"He asked me whether I was going with him.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"vroeg","gloss":"to ask"},{"text":"mij,","gloss":"me"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"meeging.","gloss":"came along"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.18.9.m4a"},{"number":434,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.18.10","source":"Weet u, of hij lang zal uitblijven?","translation":"Do you know whether he will stay away long?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Weet","gloss":"to know"},{"text":"u,","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"lang","gloss":"long"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"uitblijven?","gloss":"is lacking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.18.10.m4a"},{"number":435,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.18.11","source":"Hij wist niet, of u deze boeken nog aan uw broer moest verzenden.","translation":"He did not know whether you still had to send these books to your brother.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"wist","gloss":"to know"},{"text":"niet,","gloss":"not"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"boeken","gloss":"books"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"broer","gloss":"brother"},{"text":"moest","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"verzenden.","gloss":"sent off"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.18.11.m4a"},{"number":436,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.18.12","source":"Zij hebben op ons verzoek vergeten te antwoorden.","translation":"They forgot to answer our request.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"verzoek","gloss":"request"},{"text":"vergeten","gloss":"to forget"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"antwoorden.","gloss":"to answer"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.18.12.m4a"},{"number":437,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.18.13","source":"Dat hebben wij hun altijd kwalijk genomen.","translation":"which we have always held against them.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"hun","gloss":"them; their"},{"text":"altijd","gloss":"always"},{"text":"kwalijk","gloss":"amiss (neem mij niet kwalijk: excuse me)"},{"text":"genomen.","gloss":"to take"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.18.13.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 39: The subordinate clause may come first, and then the principal subject follows the verb (and 1 more)","teaching":[{"title":"The dependent clause first","paragraphs":["A dependent clause can come before the main clause. Then the main clause begins with its verb.","Hij kon niet komen, daar hij geen tijd had. Here the main clause comes first.","Daar hij geen tijd had, kon hij niet komen. Now the dependent clause comes first, and kon stands before hij.","The same rule holds for Of zijn broer heden nog zou vertrekken, wist hij niet."]},{"title":"A clause inside a clause","paragraphs":["A dependent clause can also stand in the middle of the main clause. The main clause keeps its order.","Hij vond, toen hij thuis kwam, al zijn papieren in wanorde. The inserted clause has commas on both sides.","Ik wist, voordat ik lang nagedacht had, de oplossing van het raadsel."]}],"lines":[{"number":438,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.19.1","source":"Hij kon niet komen, daar hij geen tijd had.","translation":"He could not come, as he had no time.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"kon","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"komen,","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"daar","gloss":"as, since, because"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"tijd","gloss":"time"},{"text":"had.","gloss":"to have, to have had"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.19.1.m4a"},{"number":439,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.19.2","source":"Daar hij geen tijd had, kon hij niet komen.","translation":"As he had no time, he could not come.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Daar","gloss":"as, since, because"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"tijd","gloss":"time"},{"text":"had,","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"kon","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"komen.","gloss":"to come"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.19.2.m4a"},{"number":440,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.19.3","source":"Hij wist niet, of zijn broer heden nog zou vertrekken.","translation":"He did not know whether his brother would still leave today.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"wist","gloss":"to know"},{"text":"niet,","gloss":"not"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"broer","gloss":"brother"},{"text":"heden","gloss":"today"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"zou","gloss":"should, would"},{"text":"vertrekken.","gloss":"depart"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.19.3.m4a"},{"number":441,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.19.4","source":"Of zijn broer heden nog zou vertrekken, wist hij niet.","translation":"Whether his brother would still leave today, he did not know.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"broer","gloss":"brother"},{"text":"heden","gloss":"today"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"zou","gloss":"should, would"},{"text":"vertrekken,","gloss":"depart"},{"text":"wist","gloss":"to know"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"niet.","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.19.4.m4a"},{"number":442,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.20.1","source":"Hij vond, toen hij thuis kwam, al zijn papieren in wanorde.","translation":"He found, when he came home, all his papers in disorder.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"vond,","gloss":"to find"},{"text":"toen","gloss":"as, when"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"thuis","gloss":"at home"},{"text":"kwam,","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"papieren","gloss":"papers"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"wanorde.","gloss":"disorder"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.20.1.m4a"},{"number":443,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.20.2","source":"Ik wist, voordat ik lang nagedacht had, de oplossing van het raadsel.","translation":"I knew, before I had thought long, the solution of the riddle.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"wist,","gloss":"to know"},{"text":"voordat","gloss":"before"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"lang","gloss":"long"},{"text":"nagedacht","gloss":"reflected"},{"text":"had,","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"oplossing","gloss":"resolution"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"raadsel.","gloss":"riddle"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.20.2.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 39: Als or indien may be left out; the verb then keeps second place (and 1 more)","teaching":[{"title":"Leaving out als","paragraphs":["The words als and indien start a dependent clause. They can be left out.","When they are left out, the verb does not go to the end. It stands first in the clause.","Had ik alles geweten, ik zou niet gekomen zijn. Waren alle mensen wijs, het leven zou veel aangenamer zijn."]},{"title":"Dat before an object clause","paragraphs":["When a clause is the object of the verb, Dutch normally puts dat before it. English often drops this word.","Ik vrees dat u te laat zult komen. Ik hoop dat u het ondervinden zult.","Jonathan kon het niet geloven dat zijn vader een meinedige zou zijn."]}],"lines":[{"number":444,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.21.1","source":"Had ik alles geweten, ik zou niet gekomen zijn.","translation":"Had I known everything, I should not have come.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Had","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"alles","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"geweten,","gloss":"to know"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"zou","gloss":"should, would"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"gekomen","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"zijn.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.21.1.m4a"},{"number":445,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.21.2","source":"Waren alle mensen wijs, het leven zou veel aangenamer zijn.","translation":"Were all men wise, life would be much more pleasant.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Waren","gloss":"were"},{"text":"alle","gloss":"all"},{"text":"mensen","gloss":"men, people"},{"text":"wijs,","gloss":"wise"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"leven","gloss":"life"},{"text":"zou","gloss":"should, would"},{"text":"veel","gloss":"much"},{"text":"aangenamer","gloss":"more pleasant"},{"text":"zijn.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.21.2.m4a"},{"number":446,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.22.1","source":"Ik vrees dat u te laat zult komen.","translation":"I fear that you will come too late.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"vrees","gloss":"fear"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"laat","gloss":"let; late"},{"text":"zult","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"komen.","gloss":"to come"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.22.1.m4a"},{"number":447,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.22.2","source":"Ik geloof dat hij naar de West gegaan is.","translation":"I believe that he has gone to the West Indies. (Beets.)","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"geloof","gloss":"to believe"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"West","gloss":"West"},{"text":"gegaan","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"is.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.22.2.m4a"},{"number":448,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.22.3","source":"Ik hoop dat u het ondervinden zult.","translation":"I hope that you will experience it. (Beets.)","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"hoop","gloss":"hope"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"ondervinden","gloss":"experienced"},{"text":"zult.","gloss":"shall, will"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.22.3.m4a"},{"number":449,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.22.4","source":"Jonathan kon het niet geloven dat zijn vader een meinedige zou zijn.","translation":"Jonathan could not believe that his father would be a perjurer. (Van der Palm.)","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Jonathan","gloss":"Jonathan"},{"text":"kon","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"geloven","gloss":"to believe"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"vader","gloss":"the father"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"meinedige","gloss":"perjurer"},{"text":"zou","gloss":"should, would"},{"text":"zijn.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.22.4.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 39: Sometimes dat is omitted (and 1 more)","teaching":[{"title":"Leaving out dat","paragraphs":["Sometimes dat is left out. The clause then keeps the order of a main clause.","Ik zeg u: het zal dooien. Geloof mij, hij zal het zwaard trekken.","A short remark can stand inside the sentence. Hij is, hoop ik, welvarend. Dit is, meen ik, niet onbelangrijk."]},{"title":"Quoted words","paragraphs":["When the exact words of a speaker are quoted, dat is always left out.","Mijn vader zegt altijd: “men moet maar gelukkig zijn.” A colon opens the quote.","Vader Cats zei: “vroeg rijp, vroeg rot, vroeg wijs, vroeg zot.”"]}],"lines":[{"number":450,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.23.1","source":"Ik zeg u: het zal dooien.","translation":"I say to you: it will thaw. (Beets.)","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"zeg","gloss":"to say"},{"text":"u:","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"dooien.","gloss":"thaw"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.23.1.m4a"},{"number":451,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.23.2","source":"Het is de aangenaamste tijd van het leven, zegt men.","translation":"It is the pleasantest time of life, they say. (Beets.)","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"aangenaamste","gloss":"agreeable, pleasant"},{"text":"tijd","gloss":"time"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"leven,","gloss":"life"},{"text":"zegt","gloss":"to say"},{"text":"men.","gloss":"one, people"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.23.2.m4a"},{"number":452,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.23.3","source":"Geloof mij, hij zal het zwaard trekken.","translation":"Believe me, he will draw the sword. (van Lennep.)","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Geloof","gloss":"believe"},{"text":"mij,","gloss":"me"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"zwaard","gloss":"sword"},{"text":"trekken.","gloss":"to travel, to pull (strong)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.23.3.m4a"},{"number":453,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.23.4","source":"Hij is, hoop ik, welvarend.","translation":"He is, I hope, doing well.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"is,","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"hoop","gloss":"hope"},{"text":"ik,","gloss":"I"},{"text":"welvarend.","gloss":"prosperous"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.23.4.m4a"},{"number":454,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.23.5","source":"Dit is, meen ik, niet onbelangrijk.","translation":"This is, I think, not unimportant.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dit","gloss":"this"},{"text":"is,","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"meen","gloss":"mean"},{"text":"ik,","gloss":"I"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"onbelangrijk.","gloss":"without interest"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.23.5.m4a"},{"number":455,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.24.1","source":"Mijn vader zegt altijd: “men moet maar gelukkig zijn.”","translation":"My father always says: “one must simply be happy.”","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"vader","gloss":"the father"},{"text":"zegt","gloss":"says"},{"text":"altijd:","gloss":"always"},{"text":"“men","gloss":"one, people"},{"text":"moet","gloss":"must"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"gelukkig","gloss":"happy, unhappy"},{"text":"zijn.”","gloss":"his; to be"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.24.1.m4a"},{"number":456,"id":"val.nl.L39.x.24.2","source":"Vader Cats zei: “vroeg rijp, vroeg rot, vroeg wijs, vroeg zot.”","translation":"Father Cats said: “soon ripe, soon rotten, soon wise, soon foolish.”","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Vader","gloss":"the father"},{"text":"Cats","gloss":"Cats"},{"text":"zei:","gloss":"said"},{"text":"“vroeg","gloss":"asked"},{"text":"rijp,","gloss":"ripe"},{"text":"vroeg","gloss":"asked"},{"text":"rot,","gloss":"rotten"},{"text":"vroeg","gloss":"asked"},{"text":"wijs,","gloss":"to refer"},{"text":"vroeg","gloss":"asked"},{"text":"zot.”","gloss":"absurd"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.x.24.2.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Waarom wordt men klerk? (Slot.)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":457,"id":"val.nl.L39.r.0","source":"Waarom wordt men klerk? (Slot.)","translation":"Why does one become a clerk? (Conclusion.)","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Waarom","gloss":"why"},{"text":"wordt","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"men","gloss":"one, people"},{"text":"klerk?","gloss":"clerk"},{"text":"(Slot.)","gloss":"ending"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.r.0.m4a"},{"number":458,"id":"val.nl.L39.r.1","source":"Maar zeg me, heb je in die bonte wemeling van standen, in die wereld in het klein, ergens een toekomstige kantoorbediende gezien?","translation":"But tell me, have you, in that motley bustle of ranks, in that world in miniature, seen anywhere a future office clerk?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"zeg","gloss":"to say"},{"text":"me,","gloss":"me"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"bonte","gloss":"fur"},{"text":"wemeling","gloss":"bustle"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"standen,","gloss":"ranks"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"wereld","gloss":"world"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"klein,","gloss":"small"},{"text":"ergens","gloss":"somewhere"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"toekomstige","gloss":"future"},{"text":"kantoorbediende","gloss":"office clerk"},{"text":"gezien?","gloss":"to see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.r.1.m4a"},{"number":459,"id":"val.nl.L39.r.2","source":"Helaas, nee!","translation":"Alas, no!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Helaas,","gloss":"alas"},{"text":"nee!","gloss":"no"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.r.2.m4a"},{"number":460,"id":"val.nl.L39.r.3","source":"Er zit te weinig poëzie in die toestand dan dat hij de onbevangen blik van de jeugd zou kunnen aanlokken.","translation":"There is too little poetry in that condition for it to attract the unprejudiced gaze of youth.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"zit","gloss":"to sit"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"weinig","gloss":"little, few"},{"text":"poëzie","gloss":"poetry"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"toestand","gloss":"condition"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"onbevangen","gloss":"unprejudiced"},{"text":"blik","gloss":"glance"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"jeugd","gloss":"youth"},{"text":"zou","gloss":"should, would"},{"text":"kunnen","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"aanlokken.","gloss":"drew on"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.r.3.m4a"},{"number":461,"id":"val.nl.L39.r.4","source":"Stel je de jeugd voor, zoals je wilt, onder de invloed van begrippen die verwant zijn aan de natuurstaat, of al beheerst door de zin die onze beschaving kenmerkt.","translation":"Picture youth to yourself, as you like, under the influence of notions akin to the state of nature, or already governed by the spirit that characterizes our civilization.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Stel","gloss":"set"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"jeugd","gloss":"youth"},{"text":"voor,","gloss":"for"},{"text":"zoals","gloss":"as"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"wilt,","gloss":"to want, to wish"},{"text":"onder","gloss":"under; among"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"invloed","gloss":"influence"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"begrippen","gloss":"notions"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"verwant","gloss":"related"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"natuurstaat,","gloss":"natuurstaat"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"beheerst","gloss":"ruled"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"zin","gloss":"sense"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"onze","gloss":"our"},{"text":"beschaving","gloss":"civilization"},{"text":"kenmerkt.","gloss":"marked"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.r.4.m4a"},{"number":462,"id":"val.nl.L39.r.5","source":"Het werktuiglijke beroep belooft evenmin geluk als genot; het waarborgt even weinig vrijheid als de schadeloosstellingen daarvoor: weelde, gezag, roem.","translation":"The mechanical trade promises neither happiness nor pleasure; it guarantees as little freedom as the compensations for it: wealth, authority, fame.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"werktuiglijke","gloss":"mechanical"},{"text":"beroep","gloss":"trades"},{"text":"belooft","gloss":"promises"},{"text":"evenmin","gloss":"just as little"},{"text":"geluk","gloss":"fortune"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"genot;","gloss":"delight"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"waarborgt","gloss":"guarantees"},{"text":"even","gloss":"a moment, just"},{"text":"weinig","gloss":"little, few"},{"text":"vrijheid","gloss":"liberty"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"schadeloosstellingen","gloss":"compensation"},{"text":"daarvoor:","gloss":"for it"},{"text":"weelde,","gloss":"luxury"},{"text":"gezag,","gloss":"authority"},{"text":"roem.","gloss":"fame"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.r.5.m4a"},{"number":463,"id":"val.nl.L39.r.6","source":"Denk niet dat ik de jeugd van het volk zo'n grote wijsbegeerte toeschrijf dat ze zich van die oorzaak bewust is, dat ze zich er rekenschap van geeft.","translation":"Do not think that I credit the young people of the common folk with such great philosophy that they are aware of that cause, that they account for it to themselves.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Denk","gloss":"think"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"jeugd","gloss":"youth"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"volk","gloss":"people"},{"text":"zo'n","gloss":"such a"},{"text":"grote","gloss":"big, great"},{"text":"wijsbegeerte","gloss":"philosophy"},{"text":"toeschrijf","gloss":"credit"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"oorzaak","gloss":"cause"},{"text":"bewust","gloss":"known"},{"text":"is,","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"rekenschap","gloss":"an account"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"geeft.","gloss":"to give"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.r.6.m4a"},{"number":464,"id":"val.nl.L39.r.7","source":"Verre van dat.","translation":"Far from it.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Verre","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"van","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"dat.","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.r.7.m4a"},{"number":465,"id":"val.nl.L39.r.8","source":"Maar toch moet je, net als ik, vaak hebben opgemerkt dat ze alleen sympathie overhebben voor alles waarin kracht schuilt, dat de populairste figuren tegelijk de onafhankelijkste zijn.","translation":"But nevertheless you must, as I have, often have noticed that they have sympathy only for everything in which strength is hidden, that the most popular figures are at the same time the most independent.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"toch","gloss":"indeed, after all (here: 'I did warn you, after all')"},{"text":"moet","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"je,","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"net","gloss":"net"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ik,","gloss":"I"},{"text":"vaak","gloss":"often"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"opgemerkt","gloss":"noticed"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"alleen","gloss":"only"},{"text":"sympathie","gloss":"sympathy"},{"text":"overhebben","gloss":"have to spare"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"alles","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"waarin","gloss":"in which"},{"text":"kracht","gloss":"strength"},{"text":"schuilt,","gloss":"is hidden"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"populairste","gloss":"most popular"},{"text":"figuren","gloss":"figures"},{"text":"tegelijk","gloss":"at once"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"onafhankelijkste","gloss":"most independent"},{"text":"zijn.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.r.8.m4a"},{"number":466,"id":"val.nl.L39.r.9","source":"Het is alsof in de boezem van het volk het besef van de oorspronkelijke bestemming van het mannelijke karakter wordt meegedragen: ontwikkeling van alle krachten, van alle gaven.","translation":"It is as if, in the bosom of the people, an awareness of the original destiny of the male character is carried along: the development of all powers, of all gifts.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"alsof","gloss":"as though"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"boezem","gloss":"bosom"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"volk","gloss":"people"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"besef","gloss":"sense"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"oorspronkelijke","gloss":"original"},{"text":"bestemming","gloss":"destiny"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"mannelijke","gloss":"masculine"},{"text":"karakter","gloss":"character"},{"text":"wordt","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"meegedragen:","gloss":"carry along"},{"text":"ontwikkeling","gloss":"development"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"alle","gloss":"all"},{"text":"krachten,","gloss":"efforts"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"alle","gloss":"all"},{"text":"gaven.","gloss":"to give"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.r.9.m4a"},{"number":467,"id":"val.nl.L39.r.10","source":"Knecht, klerk, hofmeester, hoveling, heb je ooit een jongen ontmoet die je zei dat hij een van die vier dingen wilde worden?","translation":"Servant, clerk, steward, courtier, have you ever met a boy who told you he wanted to become one of those four things?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Knecht,","gloss":"Knecht"},{"text":"klerk,","gloss":"clerk"},{"text":"hofmeester,","gloss":"steward"},{"text":"hoveling,","gloss":"courtier"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"ooit","gloss":"ever"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"jongen","gloss":"boy"},{"text":"ontmoet","gloss":"to meet"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"zei","gloss":"to say"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"vier","gloss":"four"},{"text":"dingen","gloss":"things"},{"text":"wilde","gloss":"to want, to wish"},{"text":"worden?","gloss":"to become, to get"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.r.10.m4a"},{"number":468,"id":"val.nl.L39.r.11","source":"Iedereen leert snel genoeg, in de laagste kringen het snelst, dat er iets, dat er veel van de vrijheid moet worden opgeofferd omwille van het geld; maar er helemaal afstand van doen, jezelf zelfverloochening tot taak stellen, en dat nog wel een heel leven lang, dat is pas op latere leeftijd het gevolg van dwang, van dweperij, of in uitzonderlijke gevallen, van deugd. (E. J. Potgieter.)","translation":"Everyone learns soon enough, in the lowest circles soonest, that something, that a great deal of freedom must be sacrificed for the sake of money; but to give it up entirely, to set oneself the task of self-denial, and that for an entire lifetime, that is only at a later age the result either of necessity, or of fanaticism, or, in exceptional cases, of virtue. (E. J. Potgieter.)","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Iedereen","gloss":"everyone"},{"text":"leert","gloss":"comes to"},{"text":"snel","gloss":"quickly"},{"text":"genoeg,","gloss":"enough"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"laagste","gloss":"low"},{"text":"kringen","gloss":"rings"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"snelst,","gloss":"quickly"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"iets,","gloss":"something"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"veel","gloss":"much"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"vrijheid","gloss":"liberty"},{"text":"moet","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"worden","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"opgeofferd","gloss":"given up"},{"text":"omwille","gloss":"for the sake"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"geld;","gloss":"money"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"helemaal","gloss":"entirely"},{"text":"afstand","gloss":"distance"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"doen,","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"jezelf","gloss":"yourself"},{"text":"zelfverloochening","gloss":"self-denial"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"taak","gloss":"task"},{"text":"stellen,","gloss":"put"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"wel","gloss":"but"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"heel","gloss":"whole"},{"text":"leven","gloss":"life"},{"text":"lang,","gloss":"long"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"pas","gloss":"only just"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"latere","gloss":"later"},{"text":"leeftijd","gloss":"age"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"gevolg","gloss":"consequence"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"dwang,","gloss":"compulsion"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"dweperij,","gloss":"fanaticism"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"uitzonderlijke","gloss":"exceptional"},{"text":"gevallen,","gloss":"fallen"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"deugd.","gloss":"virtue"},{"text":"(E.","gloss":"e"},{"text":"J.","gloss":"J."},{"text":"Potgieter.)","gloss":"Potgieter"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.r.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 39: conversation","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":469,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q1","source":"Welk Nederlands werk wordt wel het meest gelezen?","translation":"Which Dutch work is probably read the most?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Welk","gloss":"which, what"},{"text":"Nederlands","gloss":"Dutch"},{"text":"werk","gloss":"work"},{"text":"wordt","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"wel","gloss":"but"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"meest","gloss":"most"},{"text":"gelezen?","gloss":"to read"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q1.m4a"},{"number":470,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q2","source":"Is Hildebrand niet een pseudoniem?","translation":"Isn't Hildebrand a pseudonym?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"Hildebrand","gloss":"Hildebrand"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"pseudoniem?","gloss":"pseudonym"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q2.m4a"},{"number":471,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a1","source":"Zonder twijfel Hildebrands Camera Obscura (1839).","translation":"Without doubt Hildebrand's Camera Obscura (1839).","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zonder","gloss":"without"},{"text":"twijfel","gloss":"doubt"},{"text":"Hildebrands","gloss":"Hildebrands"},{"text":"Camera","gloss":"Camera"},{"text":"Obscura","gloss":"Obscura"},{"text":"(1839).","gloss":"1839"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a1.m4a"},{"number":472,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a2","source":"Ja, de schrijver is de in 1903 overleden Nicolaas Beets.","translation":"Yes, the writer is Nicolaas Beets, who died in 1903.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ja,","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"schrijver","gloss":"writer, author; clerk"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"1903","gloss":"1903"},{"text":"overleden","gloss":"to die"},{"text":"Nicolaas","gloss":"Nicolaas"},{"text":"Beets.","gloss":"Beets"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a2.m4a"},{"number":473,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q3","source":"Hoe weet je dat dit werk het meest gelezen wordt?","translation":"How do you know that this work is read the most?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"weet","gloss":"to know"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"dit","gloss":"this"},{"text":"werk","gloss":"work"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"meest","gloss":"most"},{"text":"gelezen","gloss":"to read"},{"text":"wordt?","gloss":"to become, to get"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q3.m4a"},{"number":474,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q4","source":"Dat wil wat zeggen voor een klein land als Nederland!","translation":"That is saying something for a small country like the Netherlands!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"wil","gloss":"to want, to wish"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"zeggen","gloss":"to say"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"klein","gloss":"small"},{"text":"land","gloss":"land"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"Nederland!","gloss":"Nederland"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q4.m4a"},{"number":475,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q5","source":"En in het buitenland wordt het zeker nauwelijks gelezen?","translation":"And abroad it is surely hardly read?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"En","gloss":"and"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"buitenland","gloss":"foreign country"},{"text":"wordt","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"zeker","gloss":"surely, certainly"},{"text":"nauwelijks","gloss":"scarcely"},{"text":"gelezen?","gloss":"to read"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q5.m4a"},{"number":476,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a3","source":"Omdat er inmiddels al vijfentwintig drukken zijn verschenen.","translation":"Because twenty-five editions have already appeared by now.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Omdat","gloss":"because"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"inmiddels","gloss":"in the meantime"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"vijfentwintig","gloss":"twenty-five"},{"text":"drukken","gloss":"printed"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"verschenen.","gloss":"appeared"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a3.m4a"},{"number":477,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a4","source":"Het origineel waarschijnlijk zelden, maar er zijn vertalingen van in het Frans, Duits en Engels.","translation":"The original probably rarely, but there are translations of it into French, German, and English.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"origineel","gloss":"original"},{"text":"waarschijnlijk","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"zelden,","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"vertalingen","gloss":"translations"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"Frans,","gloss":"Frans"},{"text":"Duits","gloss":"Duits"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Engels.","gloss":"Engels"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a4.m4a"},{"number":478,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a5","source":"Zeker niet; zelfs de beste vertalingen laten te wensen over; soms zijn hele zinnen weggelaten, omdat de vertalers er geen raad mee wisten.","translation":"Certainly not; even the best translations leave something to be desired; sometimes whole sentences are left out, because the translators did not know what to do with them.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zeker","gloss":"surely, certainly"},{"text":"niet;","gloss":"not"},{"text":"zelfs","gloss":"even"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"beste","gloss":"best"},{"text":"vertalingen","gloss":"translations"},{"text":"laten","gloss":"to let"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"wensen","gloss":"wished"},{"text":"over;","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"soms","gloss":"sometimes"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"hele","gloss":"whole"},{"text":"zinnen","gloss":"senses"},{"text":"weggelaten,","gloss":"left out"},{"text":"omdat","gloss":"because"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"vertalers","gloss":"translators"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"raad","gloss":"counsel"},{"text":"mee","gloss":"along, with"},{"text":"wisten.","gloss":"to know"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a5.m4a"},{"number":479,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q6","source":"Mij dunkt dat het geen gemakkelijk werk moet zijn om de Camera Obscura te vertalen.","translation":"It seems to me that it cannot be an easy work to translate the Camera Obscura.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mij","gloss":"me thinks"},{"text":"dunkt","gloss":"me thinks"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"gemakkelijk","gloss":"easy, easily"},{"text":"werk","gloss":"work"},{"text":"moet","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"om","gloss":"smile at"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Camera","gloss":"Camera"},{"text":"Obscura","gloss":"Obscura"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"vertalen.","gloss":"translate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q6.m4a"},{"number":480,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q7","source":"Sommige uitdrukkingen zal men wel in geen andere taal kunnen weergeven; maar is dat niet met elk boek het geval?","translation":"Some expressions surely cannot be rendered in any other language; but isn't that the case with every book?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sommige","gloss":"some"},{"text":"uitdrukkingen","gloss":"expressions"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"men","gloss":"one, people"},{"text":"wel","gloss":"but"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"andere","gloss":"other"},{"text":"taal","gloss":"language"},{"text":"kunnen","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"weergeven;","gloss":"give back"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"not so (I beg your pardon)"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not so (I beg your pardon)"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"elk","gloss":"each"},{"text":"boek","gloss":"book"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"geval?","gloss":"case"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q7.m4a"},{"number":481,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a6","source":"Ik geloof dat een gewone roman weinig verliest als hij goed vertaald is, maar de Camera is een schildering van echt Hollandse zeden en gebruiken.","translation":"I believe that an ordinary novel loses little if it is well translated, but the Camera is a depiction of genuinely Dutch customs and manners.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"geloof","gloss":"to believe"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"gewone","gloss":"ordinary"},{"text":"roman","gloss":"novel"},{"text":"weinig","gloss":"little, few"},{"text":"verliest","gloss":"to lose"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"goed","gloss":"good, well"},{"text":"vertaald","gloss":"translated"},{"text":"is,","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Camera","gloss":"Camera"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"schildering","gloss":"depiction"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"echt","gloss":"real"},{"text":"Hollandse","gloss":"Dutch"},{"text":"zeden","gloss":"custom"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"gebruiken.","gloss":"to use"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a6.m4a"},{"number":482,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a7","source":"Stellig is dit werk daar meer voor geschikt dan een half dozijn beschrijvingen van mensen die slechts enkele uren of dagen in Nederland geweest zijn.","translation":"This work is certainly more suited to that than half a dozen descriptions by people who have been in the Netherlands for only a few hours or days.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Stellig","gloss":"firmness"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"dit","gloss":"this"},{"text":"werk","gloss":"work"},{"text":"daar","gloss":"as, since, because"},{"text":"meer","gloss":"more"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"geschikt","gloss":"suited"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"half","gloss":"half"},{"text":"dozijn","gloss":"dozen"},{"text":"beschrijvingen","gloss":"description"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"mensen","gloss":"men, people"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"slechts","gloss":"only"},{"text":"enkele","gloss":"a few"},{"text":"uren","gloss":"hours"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"dagen","gloss":"days"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"Nederland","gloss":"Nederland"},{"text":"geweest","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"zijn.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a7.m4a"},{"number":483,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q8","source":"Dan zou de Camera de vreemdeling zeker een goede blik geven in onze eigenaardige levenswijze, althans in die van onze ouders!","translation":"Then the Camera would surely give the foreigner a good look into our particular way of life, at least that of our parents!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"zou","gloss":"should, would"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Camera","gloss":"Camera"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"vreemdeling","gloss":"stranger"},{"text":"zeker","gloss":"surely, certainly"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"goede","gloss":"the good, what is good"},{"text":"blik","gloss":"glance"},{"text":"geven","gloss":"to give"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"onze","gloss":"our"},{"text":"eigenaardige","gloss":"peculiar"},{"text":"levenswijze,","gloss":"manner of living"},{"text":"althans","gloss":"at least"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"onze","gloss":"our"},{"text":"ouders!","gloss":"parents"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q8.m4a"},{"number":484,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q9","source":"Begint men nu de Nederlandse taal in het buitenland meer te beoefenen dan vroeger?","translation":"Is Dutch now beginning to be studied more abroad than before?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Begint","gloss":"to begin"},{"text":"men","gloss":"one, people"},{"text":"nu","gloss":"now, at present"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Nederlandse","gloss":"Dutch"},{"text":"taal","gloss":"language"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"buitenland","gloss":"foreign country"},{"text":"meer","gloss":"more"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"beoefenen","gloss":"study"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"vroeger?","gloss":"formerly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q9.m4a"},{"number":485,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a8","source":"Zeker, men begint in te zien dat het Nederlands onmisbaar is voor een wetenschappelijke studie van de Germaanse talen.","translation":"Certainly, one is coming to see that Dutch is indispensable for a scholarly study of the Germanic languages.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zeker,","gloss":"surely, certainly"},{"text":"men","gloss":"one, people"},{"text":"begint","gloss":"to begin"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"zien","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"Nederlands","gloss":"Nederlands"},{"text":"onmisbaar","gloss":"inevitably"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"wetenschappelijke","gloss":"scholarly"},{"text":"studie","gloss":"study"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Germaanse","gloss":"Germanic"},{"text":"talen.","gloss":"languages"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a8.m4a"},{"number":486,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a9","source":"Ze vormt een schakel van de keten die Duitsland met Engeland verbindt.","translation":"It forms a link in the chain that connects Germany with England.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"vormt","gloss":"formed"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"schakel","gloss":"link"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"keten","gloss":"chain"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"Duitsland","gloss":"Duitsland"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"Engeland","gloss":"Engeland"},{"text":"verbindt.","gloss":"links"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a9.m4a"},{"number":487,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q10","source":"Hoe wordt Nederland verdeeld?","translation":"How is the Netherlands divided?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"wordt","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"Nederland","gloss":"Nederland"},{"text":"verdeeld?","gloss":"divided"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q10.m4a"},{"number":488,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q11","source":"Hoe worden deze provincies verder verdeeld?","translation":"How are these provinces further divided?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"worden","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"provincies","gloss":"provinces"},{"text":"verder","gloss":"further"},{"text":"verdeeld?","gloss":"divided"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q11.m4a"},{"number":489,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a10","source":"Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden bestaat uit de elf provincies: Noord-Brabant, Gelderland, Zuid-Holland, Noord-Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Friesland, Overijssel, Groningen, Drenthe en Limburg.","translation":"The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of the eleven provinces: North Brabant, Gelderland, South Holland, North Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Friesland, Overijssel, Groningen, Drenthe and Limburg.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"Koninkrijk","gloss":"Koninkrijk"},{"text":"der","gloss":"of the"},{"text":"Nederlanden","gloss":"Nederlanden"},{"text":"bestaat","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"elf","gloss":"eleven"},{"text":"provincies:","gloss":"provinces"},{"text":"Noord-Brabant,","gloss":"North Brabant"},{"text":"Gelderland,","gloss":"Gelderland"},{"text":"Zuid-Holland,","gloss":"South Holland"},{"text":"Noord-Holland,","gloss":"North Holland"},{"text":"Zeeland,","gloss":"Zeeland"},{"text":"Utrecht,","gloss":"Utrecht"},{"text":"Friesland,","gloss":"Friesland"},{"text":"Overijssel,","gloss":"Overijssel"},{"text":"Groningen,","gloss":"Groningen"},{"text":"Drenthe","gloss":"Drenthe"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Limburg.","gloss":"Limburg"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a10.m4a"},{"number":490,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a11","source":"In arrondissementen en deze in kantons.","translation":"Into districts, and these into cantons.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"In","gloss":"in"},{"text":"arrondissementen","gloss":"districts"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"kantons.","gloss":"cantons"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a11.m4a"},{"number":491,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q12","source":"Wat is de hoofdstad van het land?","translation":"What is the capital of the country?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"hoofdstad","gloss":"capital cities"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"land?","gloss":"land"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q12.m4a"},{"number":492,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q13","source":"En wat is de residentiestad?","translation":"And what is the seat of government?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"En","gloss":"and"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"residentiestad?","gloss":"seat of government"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q13.m4a"},{"number":493,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q14","source":"Hoe is de regeringsvorm van Nederland?","translation":"What is the form of government of the Netherlands?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"regeringsvorm","gloss":"form of government"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Nederland?","gloss":"Nederland"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q14.m4a"},{"number":494,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a12","source":"Amsterdam.","translation":"Amsterdam.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Amsterdam.","gloss":"Amsterdam"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a12.m4a"},{"number":495,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a13","source":"'s-Gravenhage ('s-Hage, Den Haag).","translation":"The Hague ('s-Hage, Den Haag).","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"'s-Gravenhage","gloss":"The Hague, the count's hedge"},{"text":"('s-Hage,","gloss":"'s-Hage"},{"text":"Den","gloss":"Den"},{"text":"Haag).","gloss":"Haag"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a13.m4a"},{"number":496,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a14","source":"Het opperbestuur is in handen van een erfelijke vorst (een vorstin), die de titel van Koning (Koningin) voert.","translation":"The supreme government is in the hands of a hereditary sovereign (a sovereign lady), who bears the title of King (Queen).","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"opperbestuur","gloss":"supreme government"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"handen","gloss":"a hand, hands"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"erfelijke","gloss":"hereditary"},{"text":"vorst","gloss":"prince"},{"text":"(een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"vorstin),","gloss":"queen"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"titel","gloss":"title"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Koning","gloss":"king, kings"},{"text":"(Koningin)","gloss":"queen"},{"text":"voert.","gloss":"to navigate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a14.m4a"},{"number":497,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q15","source":"Wie regeert er thans?","translation":"Who reigns at present?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wie","gloss":"who"},{"text":"regeert","gloss":"governs"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"thans?","gloss":"now"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q15.m4a"},{"number":498,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q16","source":"Is de macht van de Koning (van de Koningin) onbeperkt?","translation":"Is the King's (the Queen's) power unlimited?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"macht","gloss":"power"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Koning","gloss":"king, kings"},{"text":"(van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Koningin)","gloss":"queen"},{"text":"onbeperkt?","gloss":"unlimited"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q16.m4a"},{"number":499,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a15","source":"Koningin Wilhelmina, dochter van de overleden Koning Willem III.","translation":"Queen Wilhelmina, daughter of the late King William III.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Koningin","gloss":"queen"},{"text":"Wilhelmina,","gloss":"Wilhelmina"},{"text":"dochter","gloss":"daughter"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"overleden","gloss":"to die"},{"text":"Koning","gloss":"king, kings"},{"text":"Willem","gloss":"Willem"},{"text":"III.","gloss":"III"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a15.m4a"},{"number":500,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a16","source":"Nee, ze is onderworpen aan de Grondwet; de Koning(in) gaat te rade met een Raad van Staten en benoemt de Ministers, die verantwoordelijk zijn voor de uitvoering van de wetten.","translation":"No, it is subject to the Constitution; the King (Queen) takes counsel with a Council of State and appoints the Ministers, who are responsible for the execution of the laws.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nee,","gloss":"no"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"onderworpen","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Grondwet;","gloss":"Constitution"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Koning(in)","gloss":"queen"},{"text":"gaat","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"rade","gloss":"counsel"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"Raad","gloss":"counsel"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Staten","gloss":"Staten"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"benoemt","gloss":"appointed"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Ministers,","gloss":"Ministers"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"verantwoordelijk","gloss":"answerable"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"uitvoering","gloss":"execution"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"wetten.","gloss":"laws"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a16.m4a"},{"number":501,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q17","source":"Hoe wordt het volk vertegenwoordigd?","translation":"How is the people represented?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"wordt","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"volk","gloss":"people"},{"text":"vertegenwoordigd?","gloss":"represented"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q17.m4a"},{"number":502,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q18","source":"Wie vertegenwoordigt de Koning (de Koningin) in iedere provincie?","translation":"Who represents the King (the Queen) in each province?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wie","gloss":"who"},{"text":"vertegenwoordigt","gloss":"represents"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Koning","gloss":"king, kings"},{"text":"(de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Koningin)","gloss":"queen"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"iedere","gloss":"each, every"},{"text":"provincie?","gloss":"province"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q18.m4a"},{"number":503,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a17","source":"Door afgevaardigden, die verdeeld zijn in een Eerste en Tweede Kamer, die samen de Staten-Generaal uitmaken.","translation":"By deputies, who are divided into a First and Second Chamber, together forming the States-General.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"afgevaardigden,","gloss":"deputies"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"verdeeld","gloss":"divided"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"Eerste","gloss":"the former (the first-mentioned)"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Tweede","gloss":"Tweede"},{"text":"Kamer,","gloss":"Kamer"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"samen","gloss":"together"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Staten-Generaal","gloss":"States-General"},{"text":"uitmaken.","gloss":"make up"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a17.m4a"},{"number":504,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a18","source":"De Commissaris van de Koning(in), die ook toezicht houdt op de werkzaamheden van de Provinciale Staten.","translation":"The King's (Queen's) Commissioner, who also supervises the proceedings of the Provincial States.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Commissaris","gloss":"Commissioner"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Koning(in),","gloss":"queen"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"ook","gloss":"also, likewise"},{"text":"toezicht","gloss":"supervision"},{"text":"houdt","gloss":"to keep"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"werkzaamheden","gloss":"labour"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Provinciale","gloss":"Provinciale"},{"text":"Staten.","gloss":"Staten"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a18.m4a"},{"number":505,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q19","source":"Wordt in iedere provincie het Nederlands op dezelfde wijze gesproken, of zijn er ook tongvallen?","translation":"Is Dutch spoken the same way in every province, or are there also dialects?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wordt","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"iedere","gloss":"each, every"},{"text":"provincie","gloss":"province"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"Nederlands","gloss":"Nederlands"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"dezelfde","gloss":"the same"},{"text":"wijze","gloss":"manner, way"},{"text":"gesproken,","gloss":"to speak"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"ook","gloss":"also, likewise"},{"text":"tongvallen?","gloss":"dialects"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q19.m4a"},{"number":506,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q20","source":"Welke taal wordt er nog gesproken, behalve het Nederlands?","translation":"What other language is still spoken, besides Dutch?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Welke","gloss":"which, what"},{"text":"taal","gloss":"language"},{"text":"wordt","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"gesproken,","gloss":"to speak"},{"text":"behalve","gloss":"except"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"Nederlands?","gloss":"Nederlands"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q20.m4a"},{"number":507,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a19","source":"In Holland en Utrecht hoort men het Hollands, in Zeeland het Zeeuws, in Noord-Brabant en Limburg het Brabants en Limburgs, in Gelderland, Overijssel en Drenthe het Nederrijns, in Groningen het Gronings.","translation":"In Holland and Utrecht one hears Hollandish, in Zeeland Zeelandic, in North Brabant and Limburg Brabantish and Limburgish, in Gelderland, Overijssel and Drenthe Rhinelandish, in Groningen Groningish.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"In","gloss":"in"},{"text":"Holland","gloss":"Holland"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Utrecht","gloss":"Utrecht"},{"text":"hoort","gloss":"to hear"},{"text":"men","gloss":"one, people"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"Hollands,","gloss":"Hollands"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"Zeeland","gloss":"Zeeland"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"Zeeuws,","gloss":"Zeeuws"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"Noord-Brabant","gloss":"North Brabant"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Limburg","gloss":"Limburg"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"Brabants","gloss":"Brabants"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Limburgs,","gloss":"Limburgs"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"Gelderland,","gloss":"Gelderland"},{"text":"Overijssel","gloss":"Overijssel"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Drenthe","gloss":"Drenthe"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"Nederrijns,","gloss":"Nederrijns"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"Groningen","gloss":"Groningen"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"Gronings.","gloss":"Gronings"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a19.m4a"},{"number":508,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a20","source":"In Friesland het Fries, gewoonlijk Boeren- of Landfries genoemd; het is van dezelfde stam als het Fries in Noord-Duitsland.","translation":"In Friesland, Frisian, usually called Farmers' or Land Frisian; it is of the same stock as the Frisian of North Germany.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"In","gloss":"in"},{"text":"Friesland","gloss":"Friesland"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"Fries,","gloss":"Fries"},{"text":"gewoonlijk","gloss":"generally, usually"},{"text":"Boeren-","gloss":"Farmers'"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"Landfries","gloss":"Land Frisian"},{"text":"genoemd;","gloss":"to call, to name"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"dezelfde","gloss":"the same"},{"text":"stam","gloss":"trunk, stem"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"Fries","gloss":"Fries"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"Noord-Duitsland.","gloss":"North Germany"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a20.m4a"},{"number":509,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q21","source":"Welke muntstandaard heeft Nederland?","translation":"What monetary standard does the Netherlands have?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Welke","gloss":"which, what"},{"text":"muntstandaard","gloss":"monetary standard"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"Nederland?","gloss":"Nederland"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q21.m4a"},{"number":510,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q22","source":"Welk goudgeld wordt er gemunt?","translation":"What gold coin is minted?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Welk","gloss":"which, what"},{"text":"goudgeld","gloss":"gold coin"},{"text":"wordt","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"gemunt?","gloss":"aimed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q22.m4a"},{"number":511,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a21","source":"De dubbele standaard.","translation":"The double standard.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"dubbele","gloss":"double"},{"text":"standaard.","gloss":"Standard"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a21.m4a"},{"number":512,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a22","source":"Slechts een soort: het Tienguldenstuk of de Gouden Willem (f. 10,- = 17 s.).","translation":"Only one kind: the ten-guilder piece or the Golden William (f. 10.- = 17 s.).","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Slechts","gloss":"only"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"soort:","gloss":"kind"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"Tienguldenstuk","gloss":"Tienguldenstuk"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Gouden","gloss":"Gouden"},{"text":"Willem","gloss":"Willem"},{"text":"(f.","gloss":"f."},{"text":"10,-","gloss":"10"},{"text":"=","gloss":""},{"text":"17","gloss":"17"},{"text":"s.).","gloss":"(abbreviation)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a22.m4a"},{"number":513,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q23","source":"En welk zilvergeld?","translation":"And what silver coin?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"En","gloss":"and"},{"text":"welk","gloss":"which, what"},{"text":"zilvergeld?","gloss":"silver coin"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q23.m4a"},{"number":514,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q24","source":"Zijn er ook nikkelmunten?","translation":"Are there also nickel coins?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"ook","gloss":"also, likewise"},{"text":"nikkelmunten?","gloss":"nickel coins"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q24.m4a"},{"number":515,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a23","source":"De Rijksdaalder (f. 2,50 = 4 s. 2 d.), de Gulden (f. 1,- = 1 s. 8 d.), de Halve gulden (f. 0,50 = 10 d.), het Kwartje (f. 0,25 = 5 d.), het Dubbeltje (f. 0,10 = 2 d.).","translation":"The rix-dollar (f. 2.50 = 4 s. 2 d.), the guilder (f. 1.- = 1 s. 8 d.), the half guilder (f. 0.50 = 10 d.), the quarter guilder (f. 0.25 = 5 d.), the ten-cent piece (f. 0.10 = 2 d.).","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Rijksdaalder","gloss":"Rijksdaalder"},{"text":"(f.","gloss":"f."},{"text":"2,50","gloss":"2.50"},{"text":"=","gloss":""},{"text":"4","gloss":"4"},{"text":"s.","gloss":"(abbreviation)"},{"text":"2","gloss":"2"},{"text":"d.),","gloss":"d"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Gulden","gloss":"guilders"},{"text":"(f.","gloss":"f."},{"text":"1,-","gloss":"1"},{"text":"=","gloss":""},{"text":"1","gloss":"1"},{"text":"s.","gloss":"(abbreviation)"},{"text":"8","gloss":"8"},{"text":"d.),","gloss":"d"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Halve","gloss":"half"},{"text":"gulden","gloss":"guilders"},{"text":"(f.","gloss":"f."},{"text":"0,50","gloss":"0.50"},{"text":"=","gloss":""},{"text":"10","gloss":"10"},{"text":"d.),","gloss":"d"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"Kwartje","gloss":"Kwartje"},{"text":"(f.","gloss":"f."},{"text":"0,25","gloss":"0.25"},{"text":"=","gloss":""},{"text":"5","gloss":"5"},{"text":"d.),","gloss":"d"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"Dubbeltje","gloss":"Dubbeltje"},{"text":"(f.","gloss":"f."},{"text":"0,10","gloss":"0.10"},{"text":"=","gloss":""},{"text":"2","gloss":"2"},{"text":"d.).","gloss":"d"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a23.m4a"},{"number":516,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a24","source":"Slechts een: het nieuwe stuiverstuk (f. 0,05 = 1 d.).","translation":"Only one: the new five-cent piece (f. 0.05 = 1 d.).","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Slechts","gloss":"only"},{"text":"een:","gloss":"a"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"nieuwe","gloss":"new"},{"text":"stuiverstuk","gloss":"five-cent piece"},{"text":"(f.","gloss":"f."},{"text":"0,05","gloss":"0.05"},{"text":"=","gloss":""},{"text":"1","gloss":"1"},{"text":"d.).","gloss":"d"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a24.m4a"},{"number":517,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q25","source":"Welke zijn de bronzen munten?","translation":"What are the bronze coins?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Welke","gloss":"which, what"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"bronzen","gloss":"bronze"},{"text":"munten?","gloss":"coins"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q25.m4a"},{"number":518,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.q26","source":"Wat is de munteenheid?","translation":"What is the monetary unit?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"munteenheid?","gloss":"monetary unit"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.q26.m4a"},{"number":519,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a25","source":"De halve stuiver (f. 0,02½ = halfpenny), de Cent (f. 0,01); 5 cent = 1 d., de Halve cent (f. 0,00½); 10 halve centen = 1 d.","translation":"The half stuiver (f. 0.02½ = halfpenny), the cent (f. 0.01), 5 cents = 1 d., the half cent (f. 0.00½), 10 half cents = 1 d.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"halve","gloss":"half"},{"text":"stuiver","gloss":"stivers"},{"text":"(f.","gloss":"f."},{"text":"0,02½","gloss":"0.02½"},{"text":"=","gloss":""},{"text":"halfpenny),","gloss":"halfpenny"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Cent","gloss":"Cent"},{"text":"(f.","gloss":"f."},{"text":"0,01);","gloss":"0.01"},{"text":"5","gloss":"5"},{"text":"cent","gloss":"pennies"},{"text":"=","gloss":""},{"text":"1","gloss":"1"},{"text":"d.,","gloss":"d"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Halve","gloss":"half"},{"text":"cent","gloss":"pennies"},{"text":"(f.","gloss":"f."},{"text":"0,00½);","gloss":"0.00½"},{"text":"10","gloss":"10"},{"text":"halve","gloss":"half"},{"text":"centen","gloss":"pennies"},{"text":"=","gloss":""},{"text":"1","gloss":"1"},{"text":"d.","gloss":"d"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a25.m4a"},{"number":520,"id":"val.nl.L39.c.a26","source":"De Gulden = 100 centen.","translation":"The guilder = 100 cents.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Gulden","gloss":"guilders"},{"text":"=","gloss":""},{"text":"100","gloss":"100"},{"text":"centen.","gloss":"pennies"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.c.a26.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 39: exercise 105","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":521,"id":"val.nl.L39.e105.i1","source":"Hij tekende nauwkeurig de prijzen op.","translation":"He carefully noted the prices.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"tekende","gloss":"signed"},{"text":"nauwkeurig","gloss":"exact(ly)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"prijzen","gloss":"price"},{"text":"op.","gloss":"on, upon"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e105.i1.m4a"},{"number":522,"id":"val.nl.L39.e105.i2","source":"Hij deed zijn werk zorgvuldig.","translation":"He did his work carefully.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"deed","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"werk","gloss":"work"},{"text":"zorgvuldig.","gloss":"carefully"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e105.i2.m4a"},{"number":523,"id":"val.nl.L39.e105.i3","source":"Zij zag dadelijk de kracht van deze redenering in.","translation":"She saw at once the cogency of this reasoning.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"zag","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"dadelijk","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kracht","gloss":"strength"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"redenering","gloss":"reasoning"},{"text":"in.","gloss":"in"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e105.i3.m4a"},{"number":524,"id":"val.nl.L39.e105.i4","source":"In het algemeen had hij een prijzenswaardig vertrouwen in zijn eigen oordeel.","translation":"He had, in general, a laudable confidence in his own judgment.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"In","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"algemeen","gloss":"generally, widely"},{"text":"had","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"prijzenswaardig","gloss":"laudable"},{"text":"vertrouwen","gloss":"confidence"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"eigen","gloss":"own"},{"text":"oordeel.","gloss":"judgment"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e105.i4.m4a"},{"number":525,"id":"val.nl.L39.e105.i5","source":"Hij hoorde weer de taal van zijn kindsheid.","translation":"He heard again the language of his childhood.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"hoorde","gloss":"to hear"},{"text":"weer","gloss":"again"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"taal","gloss":"language"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"kindsheid.","gloss":"childhood"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e105.i5.m4a"},{"number":526,"id":"val.nl.L39.e105.i6","source":"Nadat ik hem een klein bewijs van mijn dankbaarheid en mijn goede wil in de hand had gestopt, vertrok ik.","translation":"Putting in his hand a small token of my gratitude and goodwill, I departed.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nadat","gloss":"after"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"klein","gloss":"small"},{"text":"bewijs","gloss":"proof"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"dankbaarheid","gloss":"gratitude"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"goede","gloss":"the good, what is good"},{"text":"wil","gloss":"want"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"hand","gloss":"a hand, hands"},{"text":"had","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"gestopt,","gloss":"darns"},{"text":"vertrok","gloss":"departed"},{"text":"ik.","gloss":"I"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e105.i6.m4a"},{"number":527,"id":"val.nl.L39.e105.i7","source":"Deze vreemde gebeurtenis brengt mij een huwelijkspreek van de beroemde bisschop Taylor te binnen, waarin hij op die manier zinspeelde op huwelijken van weinig bij elkaar passende personen.","translation":"This strange occurrence brings to my mind a marriage sermon of the famous Bishop Taylor, in which he thus alludes to ill-assorted matches.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"vreemde","gloss":"strange"},{"text":"gebeurtenis","gloss":"events"},{"text":"brengt","gloss":"brings"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"huwelijkspreek","gloss":"marriage sermon"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"beroemde","gloss":"celebrated"},{"text":"bisschop","gloss":"bishop"},{"text":"Taylor","gloss":"Taylor"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"binnen,","gloss":"within"},{"text":"waarin","gloss":"in which"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"manier","gloss":"manner"},{"text":"zinspeelde","gloss":"alluded"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"huwelijken","gloss":"the marriage"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"weinig","gloss":"little, few"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"elkaar","gloss":"each other"},{"text":"passende","gloss":"take care"},{"text":"personen.","gloss":"persons"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e105.i7.m4a"},{"number":528,"id":"val.nl.L39.e105.i8","source":"Zij bewaarden zorgvuldig in hun hart alles wat zij hadden gehoord van hun dapperheid en hun edele afkomst.","translation":"They cherished in their breasts all that they had heard of their valour and noble lineage.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"bewaarden","gloss":"kept"},{"text":"zorgvuldig","gloss":"carefully"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"hun","gloss":"them; their"},{"text":"hart","gloss":"heart"},{"text":"alles","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"hadden","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"gehoord","gloss":"to hear"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"hun","gloss":"them; their"},{"text":"dapperheid","gloss":"bravery"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"hun","gloss":"them; their"},{"text":"edele","gloss":"precious"},{"text":"afkomst.","gloss":"origin"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e105.i8.m4a"},{"number":529,"id":"val.nl.L39.e105.i9","source":"Maar wat was ik verheugd toen ik op de omslag ervan de volmaakt gelijkende afbeelding vond waarnaar ik zocht.","translation":"But what was my delight, at beholding on its cover the identical painting of which I was in quest.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"verheugd","gloss":"glad"},{"text":"toen","gloss":"as, when"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"omslag","gloss":"ado"},{"text":"ervan","gloss":"of it"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"volmaakt","gloss":"perfect"},{"text":"gelijkende","gloss":"to resemble"},{"text":"afbeelding","gloss":"painting"},{"text":"vond","gloss":"to find"},{"text":"waarnaar","gloss":"after which"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"zocht.","gloss":"to try, to seek"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e105.i9.m4a"},{"number":530,"id":"val.nl.L39.e105.i10","source":"Hij deed een beroep op zijn vrienden om bescherming.","translation":"He looked to his friends for protection.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"deed","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"beroep","gloss":"trades"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"vrienden","gloss":"friends"},{"text":"om","gloss":"smile at"},{"text":"bescherming.","gloss":"protection"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e105.i10.m4a"},{"number":531,"id":"val.nl.L39.e105.i11","source":"Zijn verhaal komt in alle opzichten met het uwe overeen.","translation":"His story agrees with yours on all points.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"verhaal","gloss":"tale"},{"text":"komt","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"alle","gloss":"all"},{"text":"opzichten","gloss":"respect"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"uwe","gloss":"your"},{"text":"overeen.","gloss":"the same"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e105.i11.m4a"},{"number":532,"id":"val.nl.L39.e105.i12","source":"Hij willigde onmiddellijk mijn verzoek in.","translation":"He immediately complied with my request.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"willigde","gloss":"complied"},{"text":"onmiddellijk","gloss":"immediate"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"verzoek","gloss":"request"},{"text":"in.","gloss":"in"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e105.i12.m4a"},{"number":533,"id":"val.nl.L39.e105.i13","source":"Zij beklaagden de vader om zijn droevige verlies.","translation":"They condoled with the father on his sad loss.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"beklaagden","gloss":"condoled"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"vader","gloss":"the father"},{"text":"om","gloss":"smile at"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"droevige","gloss":"sad"},{"text":"verlies.","gloss":"loss"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e105.i13.m4a"},{"number":534,"id":"val.nl.L39.e105.i14","source":"Zijn verslag wijkt in verscheidene belangrijke bijzonderheden van het uwe af.","translation":"His account differs from yours in several important particulars.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"verslag","gloss":"report"},{"text":"wijkt","gloss":"to deviate, to give way"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"verscheidene","gloss":"several"},{"text":"belangrijke","gloss":"important"},{"text":"bijzonderheden","gloss":"peculiarity"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"uwe","gloss":"your"},{"text":"af.","gloss":"off"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e105.i14.m4a"},{"number":535,"id":"val.nl.L39.e105.i15","source":"Hij onthield zich bij deze gelegenheid van persoonlijke tussenkomst.","translation":"He refrained from personal interference on this occasion.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"onthield","gloss":"withheld"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"gelegenheid","gloss":"occasion, opportunity"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"persoonlijke","gloss":"personal"},{"text":"tussenkomst.","gloss":"interference"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e105.i15.m4a"},{"number":536,"id":"val.nl.L39.e105.i16","source":"Gisteren schreef ik hem een brief.","translation":"Yesterday I wrote him a letter.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Gisteren","gloss":"yesterday"},{"text":"schreef","gloss":"to write"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"brief.","gloss":"letter"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e105.i16.m4a"},{"number":537,"id":"val.nl.L39.e105.i17","source":"Op die manier zal hij nooit slagen.","translation":"In that way he will never succeed.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"manier","gloss":"manner"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"nooit","gloss":"never"},{"text":"slagen.","gloss":"succeed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e105.i17.m4a"},{"number":538,"id":"val.nl.L39.e105.i18","source":"Rijk zal hij nooit worden.","translation":"Rich he will never be.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Rijk","gloss":"rich, richer"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"nooit","gloss":"never"},{"text":"worden.","gloss":"to become, to get"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e105.i18.m4a"},{"number":539,"id":"val.nl.L39.e105.i19","source":"Die brief toonde zij aan haar vader.","translation":"This letter she showed to her father.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"brief","gloss":"letter"},{"text":"toonde","gloss":"to show"},{"text":"zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"haar","gloss":"her"},{"text":"vader.","gloss":"the father"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e105.i19.m4a"},{"number":540,"id":"val.nl.L39.e105.i20","source":"Hen had hij ook behoed voor tirannie.","translation":"Them also had he shielded from tyranny.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hen","gloss":"them"},{"text":"had","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"ook","gloss":"also, likewise"},{"text":"behoed","gloss":"preserve"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"tirannie.","gloss":"tyranny"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e105.i20.m4a"},{"number":541,"id":"val.nl.L39.e105.i21","source":"Zeven keer herhaalde deze onversaagde generaal de aanval.","translation":"Seven times did this intrepid general renew the attack.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zeven","gloss":"seven"},{"text":"keer","gloss":"time (an occasion)"},{"text":"herhaalde","gloss":"to repeat (inseparable)"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"onversaagde","gloss":"undaunted"},{"text":"generaal","gloss":"general"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"aanval.","gloss":"attack"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e105.i21.m4a"},{"number":542,"id":"val.nl.L39.e105.i22","source":"Tevergeefs probeerde hij het ei op zijn punt te doen staan.","translation":"In vain did he endeavour to make the egg stand on its end.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tevergeefs","gloss":"in vain"},{"text":"probeerde","gloss":"to try"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"ei","gloss":"egg, eggs"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"punt","gloss":"point"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"doen","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"staan.","gloss":"to stand"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e105.i22.m4a"},{"number":543,"id":"val.nl.L39.e105.i23","source":"In enkele maanden was er geen spoor meer van over.","translation":"In a few months there remained not a trace of it.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"In","gloss":"in"},{"text":"enkele","gloss":"a few"},{"text":"maanden","gloss":"months"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"spoor","gloss":"trace"},{"text":"meer","gloss":"more"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"over.","gloss":"across, over"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e105.i23.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 39: exercise 106","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":544,"id":"val.nl.L39.e106.i1","source":"Niet minder vreemde indruk maakten op ons de kleding en de manieren van het volk, hun taal en godsdienst.","translation":"Not less strange to us seemed the garb and manners of the people, their language and religion.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"minder","gloss":"less"},{"text":"vreemde","gloss":"strange"},{"text":"indruk","gloss":"impression"},{"text":"maakten","gloss":"to make (weak)"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kleding","gloss":"dress"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"manieren","gloss":"manners"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"volk,","gloss":"people"},{"text":"hun","gloss":"them; their"},{"text":"taal","gloss":"language"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"godsdienst.","gloss":"religion"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e106.i1.m4a"},{"number":545,"id":"val.nl.L39.e106.i2","source":"Kort daarop gebeurde er een ander ongeluk, veel verschrikkelijker dan het eerste.","translation":"Shortly after, there happened another accident more terrible yet than the first.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Kort","gloss":"a short time afterwards"},{"text":"daarop","gloss":"a short time afterwards"},{"text":"gebeurde","gloss":"happened"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"ander","gloss":"another (person)"},{"text":"ongeluk,","gloss":"misfortune"},{"text":"veel","gloss":"much"},{"text":"verschrikkelijker","gloss":"terrible"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"eerste.","gloss":"the former (the first-mentioned)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e106.i2.m4a"},{"number":546,"id":"val.nl.L39.e106.i3","source":"Wij zetten onze reis niet voort, omdat er een bode met slecht nieuws was gekomen.","translation":"We did not proceed on our journey, because there arrived a messenger who brought evil tidings.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"zetten","gloss":"to put, to set"},{"text":"onze","gloss":"our"},{"text":"reis","gloss":"journey"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"voort,","gloss":"on"},{"text":"omdat","gloss":"because"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"bode","gloss":"messenger"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"slecht","gloss":"bad"},{"text":"nieuws","gloss":"new"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"gekomen.","gloss":"to come"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e106.i3.m4a"},{"number":547,"id":"val.nl.L39.e106.i4","source":"Deze stand van zaken zou nog aanzienlijke tijd geduurd hebben, als zich geen nieuwe verwikkelingen hadden voorgedaan.","translation":"This state of things might have lasted for a considerable time, if there had not arisen new complications.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"stand","gloss":"station"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"zaken","gloss":"matters"},{"text":"zou","gloss":"should, would"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"aanzienlijke","gloss":"distinguished"},{"text":"tijd","gloss":"time"},{"text":"geduurd","gloss":"lasted"},{"text":"hebben,","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"nieuwe","gloss":"new"},{"text":"verwikkelingen","gloss":"complications"},{"text":"hadden","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"voorgedaan.","gloss":"to present"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e106.i4.m4a"},{"number":548,"id":"val.nl.L39.e106.i5","source":"Toen werd ik in de rede gevallen.","translation":"Here I was interrupted.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Toen","gloss":"as, when"},{"text":"werd","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"rede","gloss":"discourse"},{"text":"gevallen.","gloss":"to fall"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e106.i5.m4a"},{"number":549,"id":"val.nl.L39.e106.i6","source":"Toen zag ik mijn vergissing in.","translation":"Then I saw my mistake.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Toen","gloss":"as, when"},{"text":"zag","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"vergissing","gloss":"mistake"},{"text":"in.","gloss":"in"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e106.i6.m4a"},{"number":550,"id":"val.nl.L39.e106.i7","source":"Gelukkig is de man die wijsheid vindt.","translation":"Happy is the man that findeth wisdom.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Gelukkig","gloss":"happy, unhappy"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"man","gloss":"man; husband"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"wijsheid","gloss":"wisdom"},{"text":"vindt.","gloss":"to find"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e106.i7.m4a"},{"number":551,"id":"val.nl.L39.e106.i8","source":"Zo groot was de verbittering, dat er geen boodschappers te vinden waren om de tijdingen over te brengen.","translation":"So great was the irritation, that no messengers could be found to carry the tidings.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"groot","gloss":"great"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"verbittering,","gloss":"bitterness"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"boodschappers","gloss":"messengers"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"vinden","gloss":"to find"},{"text":"waren","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"om","gloss":"smile at"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"tijdingen","gloss":"tidings"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"brengen.","gloss":"bring"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e106.i8.m4a"},{"number":552,"id":"val.nl.L39.e106.i9","source":"Hoewel arm, was hij toch eerlijk.","translation":"Poor he was, but honest too.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoewel","gloss":"although"},{"text":"arm,","gloss":"poor, poorer"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"toch","gloss":"indeed, after all (here: 'I did warn you, after all')"},{"text":"eerlijk.","gloss":"honest"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e106.i9.m4a"},{"number":553,"id":"val.nl.L39.e106.i10","source":"Hoewel de ambtenaren verontwaardigd waren, lieten ze het niet merken.","translation":"Indignant as the officers were, they did not show it.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoewel","gloss":"although"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"ambtenaren","gloss":"officials"},{"text":"verontwaardigd","gloss":"indignant"},{"text":"waren,","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"lieten","gloss":"to let"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"merken.","gloss":"brands"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e106.i10.m4a"},{"number":554,"id":"val.nl.L39.e106.i11","source":"Het is geen goud dat ik vraag.","translation":"It is not gold that I demand.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"goud","gloss":"gold"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"vraag.","gloss":"to ask"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e106.i11.m4a"},{"number":555,"id":"val.nl.L39.e106.i12","source":"Het was van hem dat wij hulp verwachtten.","translation":"It was to him that we looked for support.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"hulp","gloss":"help"},{"text":"verwachtten.","gloss":"looked for"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e106.i12.m4a"},{"number":556,"id":"val.nl.L39.e106.i13","source":"Men had mij niet geleerd tegen zulke mensen op te zien.","translation":"It was not such men I was taught to look up to.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Men","gloss":"one, people"},{"text":"had","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"geleerd","gloss":"learned"},{"text":"tegen","gloss":"against; to"},{"text":"zulke","gloss":"such"},{"text":"mensen","gloss":"men, people"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"zien.","gloss":"to see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e106.i13.m4a"},{"number":557,"id":"val.nl.L39.e106.i14","source":"Ik kan u niet zeggen hoe ik heet, noch wie ik ben.","translation":"I can't tell you what is my name and who I am.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"kan","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"zeggen","gloss":"to say"},{"text":"hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"heet,","gloss":"to be called"},{"text":"noch","gloss":"nor"},{"text":"wie","gloss":"who"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"ben.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e106.i14.m4a"},{"number":558,"id":"val.nl.L39.e106.i15","source":"Bovendien weet ik wat zij erover dacht en wat zij er nu over denkt.","translation":"Besides, I know what were her feelings, and what they are now.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Bovendien","gloss":"besides"},{"text":"weet","gloss":"to know"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"erover","gloss":"about it"},{"text":"dacht","gloss":"thought"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"nu","gloss":"now, at present"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"denkt.","gloss":"thinks"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e106.i15.m4a"},{"number":559,"id":"val.nl.L39.e106.i16","source":"Hij vroeg naar de moraal van het verhaal, en wat het moest bewijzen.","translation":"He demanded what was the moral of the story, and what it went to prove.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"vroeg","gloss":"to ask"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"moraal","gloss":"moral"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"verhaal,","gloss":"tale"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"moest","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"bewijzen.","gloss":"to prove; proofs"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e106.i16.m4a"},{"number":560,"id":"val.nl.L39.e106.i17","source":"Nooit ging grotere onbeschaamdheid gepaard met meer onwetendheid.","translation":"Never has greater impudence gone together with more ignorance.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nooit","gloss":"never"},{"text":"ging","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"grotere","gloss":"great"},{"text":"onbeschaamdheid","gloss":"impudence, insolence"},{"text":"gepaard","gloss":"together"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"meer","gloss":"more"},{"text":"onwetendheid.","gloss":"ignorance"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e106.i17.m4a"},{"number":561,"id":"val.nl.L39.e106.i18","source":"Nauwelijks had ik toegegeven, of hij kwam met een nieuwe eis aan.","translation":"No sooner had I given way, than he put in another claim.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nauwelijks","gloss":"scarcely"},{"text":"had","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"toegegeven,","gloss":"give way"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"kwam","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"nieuwe","gloss":"new"},{"text":"eis","gloss":"demand"},{"text":"aan.","gloss":"on, at, to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e106.i18.m4a"},{"number":562,"id":"val.nl.L39.e106.i19","source":"Nooit toonde hij grotere tegenwoordigheid van geest dan bij deze merkwaardige gelegenheid.","translation":"Never did he show greater presence of mind than on this memorable occasion.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nooit","gloss":"never"},{"text":"toonde","gloss":"to show"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"grotere","gloss":"great"},{"text":"tegenwoordigheid","gloss":"presence"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"geest","gloss":"mind"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"merkwaardige","gloss":"remarkable"},{"text":"gelegenheid.","gloss":"occasion, opportunity"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e106.i19.m4a"},{"number":563,"id":"val.nl.L39.e106.i20","source":"Zijn plan, zei men, zou geslaagd zijn als zich geen onvoorziene omstandigheden hadden voorgedaan.","translation":"His plan, they said, would have succeeded but for some unforeseen circumstances.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"plan,","gloss":"plan, plans"},{"text":"zei","gloss":"to say"},{"text":"men,","gloss":"one, people"},{"text":"zou","gloss":"should, would"},{"text":"geslaagd","gloss":"succeeded"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"onvoorziene","gloss":"unforeseen"},{"text":"omstandigheden","gloss":"circumstances"},{"text":"hadden","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"voorgedaan.","gloss":"to present"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e106.i20.m4a"},{"number":564,"id":"val.nl.L39.e106.i21","source":"Een noodlottige gebeurtenis, vertelde hij hun, had net plaatsgevonden.","translation":"A fatal accident, he told them, had just occurred.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"noodlottige","gloss":"fatal, disastrous"},{"text":"gebeurtenis,","gloss":"events"},{"text":"vertelde","gloss":"told"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"hun,","gloss":"them; their"},{"text":"had","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"net","gloss":"net"},{"text":"plaatsgevonden.","gloss":"took"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e106.i21.m4a"},{"number":565,"id":"val.nl.L39.e106.i22","source":"Dit, antwoordde mijn vader mij, is de juiste stand van zaken.","translation":"This, my father answered me, is the real state of affairs.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dit,","gloss":"this"},{"text":"antwoordde","gloss":"to answer"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"vader","gloss":"the father"},{"text":"mij,","gloss":"me"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"juiste","gloss":"exactly"},{"text":"stand","gloss":"station"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"zaken.","gloss":"matters"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e106.i22.m4a"},{"number":566,"id":"val.nl.L39.e106.i23","source":"Nooit, antwoordde ik op deze belediging, zal ik dulden zo voor de gek gehouden te worden.","translation":"Never, I replied to this taunt, shall I suffer myself to be thus made a fool of.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nooit,","gloss":"never"},{"text":"antwoordde","gloss":"to answer"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"belediging,","gloss":"insult"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"dulden","gloss":"Bear with"},{"text":"zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"gek","gloss":"mad"},{"text":"gehouden","gloss":"to keep"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"worden.","gloss":"to become, to get"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e106.i23.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 39: exercise 107","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":567,"id":"val.nl.L39.e107.i1","source":"De wolf heeft een hongerige, loerende blik.","translation":"The wolf has a hungry, skulking look.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"wolf","gloss":"wolf"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"hongerige,","gloss":"hungry"},{"text":"loerende","gloss":"skulking"},{"text":"blik.","gloss":"glance"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e107.i1.m4a"},{"number":568,"id":"val.nl.L39.e107.i2","source":"Hij is bij uitstek woest en sluw; maar is tegelijkertijd zeer lafhartig.","translation":"He is very fierce and very cunning; but he is at the time a great coward.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"uitstek","gloss":"excellence"},{"text":"woest","gloss":"wild"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"sluw;","gloss":"cunning"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"tegelijkertijd","gloss":"at the same time"},{"text":"zeer","gloss":"very"},{"text":"lafhartig.","gloss":"cravenly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e107.i2.m4a"},{"number":569,"id":"val.nl.L39.e107.i3","source":"Zijn scherpe reukorgaan stelt hem in staat zijn prooi al op verre afstand te ruiken.","translation":"His acute sense of smell enables him to scent his prey far off.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"scherpe","gloss":"sharp"},{"text":"reukorgaan","gloss":"sense of smell"},{"text":"stelt","gloss":"stands"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"staat","gloss":"stands; state"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"prooi","gloss":"prey"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"verre","gloss":"far"},{"text":"afstand","gloss":"distance"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"ruiken.","gloss":"to smell"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e107.i3.m4a"},{"number":570,"id":"val.nl.L39.e107.i4","source":"Zijn snelheid is niet bijzonder groot; maar hij wordt nooit moe van de jacht; en hij blijft steeds zelfs de snelste van zijn slachtoffers vervolgen, totdat hij ze heeft uitgeput en ingehaald.","translation":"His speed is not very great; but he never tires in the chase; and he steadily follows even the fleetest of his victims till he has wearied them out and run them down.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"snelheid","gloss":"speed"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"bijzonder","gloss":"particular"},{"text":"groot;","gloss":"great"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"wordt","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"nooit","gloss":"never"},{"text":"moe","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"jacht;","gloss":"hunting"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"blijft","gloss":"to remain, stay"},{"text":"steeds","gloss":"always"},{"text":"zelfs","gloss":"even"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"snelste","gloss":"quickly"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"slachtoffers","gloss":"victims"},{"text":"vervolgen,","gloss":"prosecute"},{"text":"totdat","gloss":"until"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"uitgeput","gloss":"exhausted"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ingehaald.","gloss":"received"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e107.i4.m4a"},{"number":571,"id":"val.nl.L39.e107.i5","source":"In de grote en sombere wouden van Rusland, waar de sneeuw minstens acht maanden van het jaar de grond bedekt, zwerven de wolven in talrijke troepen rond; en het is voor de reiziger iets verschrikkelijks, vooral als de nacht hem overvallen heeft, hun gehuil in de verte te horen.","translation":"In the great and gloomy forests of Russia, where the snow lies on the ground for at least eight months of the year, wolves roam about in vast troops; and it is a fearful thing for the traveller, especially if night has overtaken him, to hear their howlings in the distance.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"In","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"grote","gloss":"big, great"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"sombere","gloss":"gloomy"},{"text":"wouden","gloss":"forests"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Rusland,","gloss":"Rusland"},{"text":"waar","gloss":"where; true"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"sneeuw","gloss":"snow"},{"text":"minstens","gloss":"at least"},{"text":"acht","gloss":"eight"},{"text":"maanden","gloss":"months"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"jaar","gloss":"the year"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"grond","gloss":"ground, earth"},{"text":"bedekt,","gloss":"covered"},{"text":"zwerven","gloss":"to roam"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"wolven","gloss":"wolves"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"talrijke","gloss":"numerous"},{"text":"troepen","gloss":"troops"},{"text":"rond;","gloss":"around"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"reiziger","gloss":"traveler"},{"text":"iets","gloss":"something"},{"text":"verschrikkelijks,","gloss":"fearful thing"},{"text":"vooral","gloss":"above all"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"nacht","gloss":"night"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"overvallen","gloss":"came over"},{"text":"heeft,","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"hun","gloss":"them; their"},{"text":"gehuil","gloss":"howling"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"verte","gloss":"distance"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"horen.","gloss":"to hear"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e107.i5.m4a"},{"number":572,"id":"val.nl.L39.e107.i6","source":"Een Engelsman, die enige tijd in Sint-Petersburg vertoefde, deelt het volgende verhaal mee:","translation":"An English gentleman, who lived for some time in St. Petersburg, tells the following story:","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"Engelsman,","gloss":"Engelsman"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"enige","gloss":"only (het enige: the only thing)"},{"text":"tijd","gloss":"time"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"Sint-Petersburg","gloss":"St. Petersburg"},{"text":"vertoefde,","gloss":"tarried"},{"text":"deelt","gloss":"shares"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"volgende","gloss":"next, following"},{"text":"verhaal","gloss":"tale"},{"text":"mee:","gloss":"along, with"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e107.i6.m4a"},{"number":573,"id":"val.nl.L39.e107.i7","source":"Op betrekkelijk geringe afstand van Sint-Petersburg werd op een dag een Russische boer in zijn slee achtervolgd door elf van deze woeste dieren.","translation":"At no great distance from St. Petersburg a Russian peasant, when one day in his sledge, was pursued by eleven of these fierce animals.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"betrekkelijk","gloss":"relative"},{"text":"geringe","gloss":"lowly"},{"text":"afstand","gloss":"distance"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Sint-Petersburg","gloss":"St. Petersburg"},{"text":"werd","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"dag","gloss":"day"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"Russische","gloss":"Russian"},{"text":"boer","gloss":"peasant"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"slee","gloss":"sledge"},{"text":"achtervolgd","gloss":"pursued"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"elf","gloss":"eleven"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"woeste","gloss":"wild"},{"text":"dieren.","gloss":"creatures"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e107.i7.m4a"},{"number":574,"id":"val.nl.L39.e107.i8","source":"Hij bevond zich nog maar ongeveer twee mijl van zijn woning, en zodra hij de wolven in het gezicht kreeg, zweepte hij zijn paard huiswaarts, met de uiterste spoed.","translation":"He was only about two miles from home, and as soon as he caught sight of the wolves, he urged his horse homeward at the very top of its speed.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"bevond","gloss":"found"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ongeveer","gloss":"about"},{"text":"twee","gloss":"two"},{"text":"mijl","gloss":"miles"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"woning,","gloss":"dwelling"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"zodra","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"wolven","gloss":"wolves"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"gezicht","gloss":"sight"},{"text":"kreeg,","gloss":"to get; honger krijgen: to become hungry"},{"text":"zweepte","gloss":"urged"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"paard","gloss":"horse"},{"text":"huiswaarts,","gloss":"homeward"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"uiterste","gloss":"extreme"},{"text":"spoed.","gloss":"haste"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e107.i8.m4a"},{"number":575,"id":"val.nl.L39.e107.i9","source":"Toen hij het hek bereikte dat toegang tot zijn huis gaf, vond hij dat gesloten.","translation":"On reaching the gate at the entrance to his house, he found it closed.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Toen","gloss":"as, when"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"hek","gloss":"gate"},{"text":"bereikte","gloss":"to reach"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"toegang","gloss":"access"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"huis","gloss":"house"},{"text":"gaf,","gloss":"to give"},{"text":"vond","gloss":"to find"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"gesloten.","gloss":"to shut"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e107.i9.m4a"},{"number":576,"id":"val.nl.L39.e107.i10","source":"Maar het verschrikte paard duwde het open en bracht zijn meester veilig op het erf.","translation":"But the frightened horse dashed it open, and carried its master safely into the court-yard.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"verschrikte","gloss":"frightened"},{"text":"paard","gloss":"horse"},{"text":"duwde","gloss":"dashed"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"open","gloss":"open"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"bracht","gloss":"to pass, to spend (time)"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his master"},{"text":"meester","gloss":"his master"},{"text":"veilig","gloss":"safe"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"erf.","gloss":"grounds"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e107.i10.m4a"},{"number":577,"id":"val.nl.L39.e107.i11","source":"Zij werden gevolgd door negen van de elf wolven; maar buitengewoon gelukkig zwaaide, net toen de wolven binnenkwamen, het hek op zijn hengsels terug, en werden zij zo als in een val gevangen.","translation":"They were followed by nine out of the eleven wolves; but most fortunately, at the very instant that the wolves entered, the gate swung back on its hinges, and thus they were caught as in a trap.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"werden","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"gevolgd","gloss":"followed"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"negen","gloss":"nine"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"elf","gloss":"eleven"},{"text":"wolven;","gloss":"wolves"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"buitengewoon","gloss":"uncommonly"},{"text":"gelukkig","gloss":"happy, unhappy"},{"text":"zwaaide,","gloss":"swings"},{"text":"net","gloss":"net"},{"text":"toen","gloss":"as, when"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"wolven","gloss":"wolves"},{"text":"binnenkwamen,","gloss":"come in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"hek","gloss":"gate"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"hengsels","gloss":"handle"},{"text":"terug,","gloss":"back"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"werden","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"val","gloss":"fall"},{"text":"gevangen.","gloss":"to catch"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e107.i11.m4a"},{"number":578,"id":"val.nl.L39.e107.i12","source":"Onmiddellijk vond er bij de lafhartige dieren, toen zij zagen dat zij onmogelijk konden ontsnappen, een volledige omkeer plaats.","translation":"In a moment the cowardly creatures, when they found escape to be impossible, became completely changed.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Onmiddellijk","gloss":"immediate"},{"text":"vond","gloss":"found"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"lafhartige","gloss":"cravenly"},{"text":"dieren,","gloss":"creatures"},{"text":"toen","gloss":"as, when"},{"text":"zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"zagen","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"onmogelijk","gloss":"impossible"},{"text":"konden","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"ontsnappen,","gloss":"escaped"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"volledige","gloss":"complete"},{"text":"omkeer","gloss":"change"},{"text":"plaats.","gloss":"place"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L39.e107.i12.m4a"},{"number":579,"id":"val.nl.L39.e107.i13","source":"Verre van iemand aan te vallen, deinsden zij terug in gaten en hoeken en lieten zich, bijna zonder weerstand te bieden, doodslaan!","translation":"So far from attacking any one, they shrank into holes and corners, and allowed themselves to be killed almost without making resistance!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Verre","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"van","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"iemand","gloss":"someone"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"vallen,","gloss":"to fall"},{"text":"deinsden","gloss":"shrank"},{"text":"zij","gloss":"she; 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