{"course":{"lang":"nl","language":"Dutch","title":"Dutch Conversation-Grammar","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/nl","source":"Valette, Dutch Conversation-Grammar (1913) and its Key (1893); Defense Language Institute, Dutch Refresher Course, Books I to III (1961). Public domain. The teaching pages, the readings' English, the answers to the conversations and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":21,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09","title":"Unit 9: Ridders en Kastelen","stage":"Refresher Course, Book I","situation":"Ridders en Kastelen","outcome":"Lessons 28 to 30: Ridders en Kastelen, learned, questioned and heard in conversation.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/nl/21","lines":201},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/nl/20","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/nl/22","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/","sections":[{"title":"Ridders en Kastelen: the narrative","teaching":[{"title":"The narrative","paragraphs":["Each unit of Book I opens with a short account of one side of life in Holland. The 1961 speaker reads it at the speed of ordinary speech.","Read each sentence, then listen to it. The English is beside it. The words of the narrative come back in every section that follows, so this reading is the ground of the unit."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.n.1","source":"Eeuwen geleden was Nederland verdeeld in kleine graafschappen en vorstendommen, en de kastelen van ridders, graven en baronnen stonden overal door het land verspreid.","translation":"Centuries ago, the Netherlands were divided into small counties and principalities, and the castles of knights, counts and barons were situated all over the country.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Eeuwen","gloss":"centuries"},{"text":"geleden","gloss":"suffered"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"Nederland","gloss":"Nederland"},{"text":"verdeeld","gloss":"divided"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"kleine","gloss":"small"},{"text":"graafschappen","gloss":"counties"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"vorstendommen,","gloss":"principality"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"ridders,","gloss":"knight"},{"text":"graven","gloss":"a count, counts"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"baronnen","gloss":"Barons"},{"text":"stonden","gloss":"to stand"},{"text":"overal","gloss":"everywhere"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"land","gloss":"land"},{"text":"verspreid.","gloss":"spread"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.n.1.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.n.2","source":"Tegenwoordig bestaan er nog maar een paar van die versterkte woningen.","translation":"Presently, only a few of those reinforced houses exist.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tegenwoordig","gloss":"nowadays, at present"},{"text":"bestaan","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there, of it"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"paar","gloss":"couple"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"versterkte","gloss":"confirmed"},{"text":"woningen.","gloss":"dwellings"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.n.2.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.n.3","source":"De meesten werden verwoest en vervielen tot ruïnes in de voortdurende oorlogen waardoor het land eeuwenlang geteisterd werd.","translation":"Most of them have been destroyed, and they have deteriorated to ruins in the constant wars that harassed the country for centuries.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"meesten","gloss":"most"},{"text":"werden","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"verwoest","gloss":"laid waste"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"vervielen","gloss":"deteriorated"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"to, until"},{"text":"ruïnes","gloss":"ruins"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"voortdurende","gloss":"constant"},{"text":"oorlogen","gloss":"war"},{"text":"waardoor","gloss":"by which"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"land","gloss":"land"},{"text":"eeuwenlang","gloss":"for centuries"},{"text":"geteisterd","gloss":"harassed"},{"text":"werd.","gloss":"to become, to get"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.n.3.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.n.4","source":"De overgebleven kastelen worden met zorg en trots bewaard.","translation":"The remaining castles are preserved with care and pride.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"overgebleven","gloss":"to remain"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"worden","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"zorg","gloss":"care"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"trots","gloss":"haughty"},{"text":"bewaard.","gloss":"laid up"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.n.4.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.n.5","source":"Zij vertellen ons een geschiedenis van strijd en glorie; van eeuwenlange tradities.","translation":"They tell us a story of struggle and glory, a tradition of centuries.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"vertellen","gloss":"tell"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"geschiedenis","gloss":"story"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"strijd","gloss":"struggle"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"glorie;","gloss":"glory"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"eeuwenlange","gloss":"centuries-long"},{"text":"tradities.","gloss":"traditions"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.n.5.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.n.6","source":"Het belangrijkste kasteel is ongetwijfeld de Ridderzaal, die staat in het hartje van Den Haag.","translation":"The most important castle is undoubtedly the “Ridderzaal” [i.e., Hall of Knights] that is situated in the heart of the Hague.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"belangrijkste","gloss":"important"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"ongetwijfeld","gloss":"undoubtedly"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Ridderzaal,","gloss":"Ridderzaal"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"staat","gloss":"to stand"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"hartje","gloss":"heart"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Den","gloss":"Den"},{"text":"Haag.","gloss":"Haag"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.n.6.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.n.7","source":"Vroeger was de Ridderzaal het eigendom van de graven van Holland, en het dateert uit de dertiende eeuw.","translation":"Formerly the “Ridderzaal” was owned by the earls of Holland and it dates from the thirteenth century.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Vroeger","gloss":"formerly"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Ridderzaal","gloss":"Ridderzaal"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"eigendom","gloss":"property"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"graven","gloss":"a count, counts"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Holland,","gloss":"Holland"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"dateert","gloss":"dates"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"dertiende","gloss":"thirteenth"},{"text":"eeuw.","gloss":"century"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.n.7.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.n.8","source":"Ieder jaar wordt hier, volgens traditie, door de Koningin het parlement officieel geopend.","translation":"Every year, according to tradition, the Queen officially opens parliament here.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ieder","gloss":"each, every"},{"text":"jaar","gloss":"the year"},{"text":"wordt","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"hier,","gloss":"here"},{"text":"volgens","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"traditie,","gloss":"tradition"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Koningin","gloss":"queen"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"parlement","gloss":"Parliament"},{"text":"officieel","gloss":"officially"},{"text":"geopend.","gloss":"opened"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.n.8.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.n.9","source":"Het kasteel met de oudste grondvesten is wel het kasteel van Batenburg.","translation":"The castle with the oldest foundations is certainly the castle of Batenburg.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"oudste","gloss":"oldest"},{"text":"grondvesten","gloss":"foundations"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"wel","gloss":"but"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Batenburg.","gloss":"Batenburg"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.n.9.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.n.10","source":"Oorspronkelijk was het een Romeins fort.","translation":"Originally it was a Roman fortress.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Oorspronkelijk","gloss":"original"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"Romeins","gloss":"Roman"},{"text":"fort.","gloss":"fort"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.n.10.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.n.11","source":"Het is een van de meest onverwoestbare kastelen, die er nog bestaan.","translation":"It is one of the most indestructible castles still existing.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"meest","gloss":"most"},{"text":"onverwoestbare","gloss":"indestructible"},{"text":"kastelen,","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there, of it"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"bestaan.","gloss":"exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.n.11.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.n.12","source":"Keer op keer is het belegerd en in brand gestoken, maar telkens weer werd het in zijn vroegere pracht herbouwd.","translation":"Time and again it was besieged and set on fire, but, again and again, it was rebuilt in its former glory.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Keer","gloss":"time (an occasion)"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"keer","gloss":"time (an occasion)"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"belegerd","gloss":"besieged"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"brand","gloss":"fire"},{"text":"gestoken,","gloss":"to sting, to put"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"telkens","gloss":"every time"},{"text":"weer","gloss":"again"},{"text":"werd","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"vroegere","gloss":"former"},{"text":"pracht","gloss":"pomp"},{"text":"herbouwd.","gloss":"to rebuild"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.n.12.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.n.13","source":"Weinig mensen weten, dat Nederland een echt bergkasteel heeft, dat hoog boven een ravijn ligt.","translation":"Few people know that the Netherlands possess a real mountain castle that is situated high above a ravine.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Weinig","gloss":"little, few"},{"text":"mensen","gloss":"men, people"},{"text":"weten,","gloss":"to know"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"Nederland","gloss":"Nederland"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"echt","gloss":"real"},{"text":"bergkasteel","gloss":"mountain castle"},{"text":"heeft,","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"hoog","gloss":"high; (of age) great, old"},{"text":"boven","gloss":"above, over"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"ravijn","gloss":"ravine"},{"text":"ligt.","gloss":"to lie (be situated)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.n.13.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.n.14","source":"Dat is in Valkenburg, in de provincie Limburg.","translation":"That is in Valkenburg, in the province of Limburg.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"Valkenburg,","gloss":"Valkenburg"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"provincie","gloss":"province"},{"text":"Limburg.","gloss":"Limburg"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.n.14.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.n.15","source":"Het was zo’n machtige burcht, dat het zelfs in de negentiende eeuw een van de bolwerken was van de Hollanders tegen de Fransen.","translation":"It was such a powerful castle, that even in the nineteenth century it was one of the strongholds of Holland against the French.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"was","gloss":"was"},{"text":"zo’n","gloss":"such a"},{"text":"machtige","gloss":"powerful"},{"text":"burcht,","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"zelfs","gloss":"even"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"negentiende","gloss":"NINETEENTH"},{"text":"eeuw","gloss":"century"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"bolwerken","gloss":"strongholds"},{"text":"was","gloss":"was"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Hollanders","gloss":"Dutchmen"},{"text":"tegen","gloss":"to (a person)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Fransen.","gloss":"French"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.n.15.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.n.16","source":"Dicht bij Alkmaar, de kaasstad, zijn de ruïnes te zien van het kasteel van de graven van Egmond, die lange tijd een zeer belangrijke rol gespeeld hebben in het middeleeuwse Nederland.","translation":"Close to Alkmaar, the cheese city, are the ruins of the castle of the earls of Egmont who, for a long time, played an important role in the Netherlands of the Middle Ages.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dicht","gloss":"close"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"Alkmaar,","gloss":"Alkmaar"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kaasstad,","gloss":"cheese city"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"ruïnes","gloss":"ruins"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"zien","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"graven","gloss":"a count, counts"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Egmond,","gloss":"Egmond"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"lange","gloss":"a long time"},{"text":"tijd","gloss":"a long time"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"zeer","gloss":"very"},{"text":"belangrijke","gloss":"important"},{"text":"rol","gloss":"part"},{"text":"gespeeld","gloss":"to play"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"middeleeuwse","gloss":"medieval"},{"text":"Nederland.","gloss":"Nederland"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.n.16.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.n.17","source":"De muren steken nu nog maar één meter boven de grond uit, maar ze geven een goede indruk van de grootte van het kasteel.","translation":"The walls are only one meter above the ground now, but they give a good impression of the vastness of the castle.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"muren","gloss":"wall"},{"text":"steken","gloss":"to sting, to put"},{"text":"nu","gloss":"now, at present"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"één","gloss":"one"},{"text":"meter","gloss":"metre"},{"text":"boven","gloss":"above, over"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"grond","gloss":"ground, earth"},{"text":"uit,","gloss":"out of"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"geven","gloss":"to give"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"goede","gloss":"the good, what is good"},{"text":"indruk","gloss":"impression"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"grootte","gloss":"size"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel.","gloss":"castle"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.n.17.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.n.18","source":"Al vier eeuwen lang is het een ruïne.","translation":"It has been a ruin for four centuries.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"vier","gloss":"four"},{"text":"eeuwen","gloss":"centuries"},{"text":"lang","gloss":"long"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"ruïne.","gloss":"ruin"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.n.18.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.n.19","source":"De Spanjaarden verwoestten het tijdens hun verovering van de Nederlanden.","translation":"The Spaniards destroyed it when they conquered the Netherlands.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Spanjaarden","gloss":"Spanjaarden"},{"text":"verwoestten","gloss":"destroyed"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"tijdens","gloss":"during"},{"text":"hun","gloss":"them; their"},{"text":"verovering","gloss":"conquest"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Nederlanden.","gloss":"Nederlanden"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.n.19.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.n.20","source":"Vele andere kastelen bestaan nog.","translation":"Many castles are still in existence.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Vele","gloss":"many"},{"text":"andere","gloss":"other"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"bestaan","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"nog.","gloss":"still, yet; another"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.n.20.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.n.21","source":"U zult ze niet in de grote steden vinden, maar het meest in kleine dorpjes en stadjes met onbekende namen.","translation":"You will not find them in the big cities, but mostly in small villages and towns with unfamiliar names.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"U","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"zult","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"grote","gloss":"big, great"},{"text":"steden","gloss":"cities"},{"text":"vinden,","gloss":"to find"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"meest","gloss":"most"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"kleine","gloss":"small"},{"text":"dorpjes","gloss":"village"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"stadjes","gloss":"city, town"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"onbekende","gloss":"unknown"},{"text":"namen.","gloss":"took; names"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.n.21.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.n.22","source":"Maar eens waren ze de bolwerken van de ridders die in die burchten woonden.","translation":"But once they were bastions of the knights that lived there.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"eens","gloss":"once, one day"},{"text":"waren","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"bolwerken","gloss":"bastions"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"ridders","gloss":"knight"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"burchten","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"woonden.","gloss":"lived"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.n.22.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1900,"text":"I. Narrative\n\nDLI Dutch Refresher Course (1961), Book I, Lesson 28: Ridders en Kastelen.\n\nThe section appearing as \"I. Narrative\" presents an account, read at normal conversational speed, of an historical or cultural facet of life in Holland, and is accompanied by both Dutch and English texts."}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Ridders en Kastelen: vocabulary, part 1 (1)","teaching":[{"title":"Vocabulary practice","paragraphs":["These are the words and phrases of the narrative, one at a time, in the speaker's voice.","Listen to each one, then say it. The scorer on the device compares your reading with the speaker's and shows which sounds matched."]}],"lines":[{"number":23,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v1.1","source":"graven en vorsten","translation":"counts and princes","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v1.1.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v1.2","source":"het kasteel","translation":"the castle","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v1.2.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v1.3","source":"verspreid","translation":"scattered, spread out","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v1.3.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v1.4","source":"de woning","translation":"the house","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v1.4.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v1.5","source":"nog","translation":"still, yet","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v1.5.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v1.6","source":"sterk","translation":"strong","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v1.6.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v1.7","source":"versterkt","translation":"reinforced","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v1.7.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1901,"text":"A. Vocabulary Practice\n\nDLI Dutch Refresher Course (1961), Book I, Lesson 28: Ridders en Kastelen. Learning the Narrative, Part 1.\n\nThis part contains words and phrases which you will later hear used in the narrative sections of this unit. On tape you will hear the word or phrase in Dutch, then in English. You will immediately repeat the Dutch word or phrase on tape in the pause left for this purpose. The native speaker will then repeat the word or phrase in Dutch as a guide to good pronunciation before continuing with the new word or phrase in both Dutch and English.\n\nBefore moving on to the next part of this lesson, try doing the vocabulary practice again with your book closed."}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Ridders en Kastelen: vocabulary, part 1 (2)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":30,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v1.8","source":"vervallen","translation":"to deteriorate","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v1.8.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v1.9","source":"de oorlog","translation":"war","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v1.9.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v1.10","source":"teisteren","translation":"to harass","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v1.10.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v1.11","source":"de zorg","translation":"care, worry","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v1.11.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v1.12","source":"de strijd","translation":"struggle, strife","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v1.12.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Ridders en Kastelen: oral reading, part 1","teaching":[{"title":"Oral reading","paragraphs":["The narrative's sentences come back in the book's variations: a change of tense, of case, of modifier. They build up to the sentence as the narrative has it.","Say each variation after the speaker. The sentence marked as basic is the narrative's own, and it closes the run."]}],"lines":[{"number":35,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.1","source":"Nederland was verdeeld onder graven en vorsten","translation":"Holland was divided among earls and princes","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nederland","gloss":"the Netherlands"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"verdeeld","gloss":"divided"},{"text":"onder","gloss":"under"},{"text":"graven","gloss":"a count, counts"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"vorsten","gloss":"princes"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.1.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.2","source":"Nederland was verdeeld in graafschappen en vorstendommen","translation":"Holland was divided into earldoms and principalities","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nederland","gloss":"the Netherlands"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"verdeeld","gloss":"divided"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"graafschappen","gloss":"earldom, county"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"vorstendommen","gloss":"principality"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.2.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.3","source":"Eeuwen geleden was Nederland verdeeld in kleine graafschappen en vorstendommen.","translation":"Centuries ago, Holland was divided into small earldoms and principalities.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Eeuwen","gloss":"centuries"},{"text":"geleden","gloss":"suffered"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"Nederland","gloss":"Nederland"},{"text":"verdeeld","gloss":"divided"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"kleine","gloss":"small"},{"text":"graafschappen","gloss":"earldoms"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"vorstendommen.","gloss":"principality"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.3.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.4","source":"De kastelen zijn verspreid","translation":"The castles are spread out","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"verspreid","gloss":"spread"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.4.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.5","source":"De kastelen waren verspreid","translation":"The castles were spread out","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"waren","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"verspreid","gloss":"spread"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.5.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.6","source":"Zij hebben de kastelen verspreid","translation":"They built the castles all over","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"verspreid","gloss":"spread"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.6.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.7","source":"De kastelen van ridders, graven en baronnen staan overal verspreid.","translation":"The castles were situated all over the country.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"ridders,","gloss":"knight"},{"text":"graven","gloss":"a count, counts"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"baronnen","gloss":"Barons"},{"text":"staan","gloss":"to stand"},{"text":"overal","gloss":"everywhere"},{"text":"verspreid.","gloss":"spread"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.7.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.8","source":"De kastelen staan in het land","translation":"The castles stand in the countryside","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"staan","gloss":"to stand"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"land","gloss":"land"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.8.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.9","source":"De kastelen zijn verspreid over het land","translation":"The castles are spread out all over the countryside","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"verspreid","gloss":"spread"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"land","gloss":"land"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.9.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.10","source":"De kastelen staan door het land verspreid","translation":"The castles are found spread out all over the countryside","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"staan","gloss":"to stand"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"land","gloss":"land"},{"text":"verspreid","gloss":"spread"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.10.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.11","source":"De kastelen stonden overal door het land verspreid.","translation":"The castles were found spread out all over the countryside.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"stonden","gloss":"to stand"},{"text":"overal","gloss":"everywhere"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"land","gloss":"land"},{"text":"verspreid.","gloss":"spread"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.11.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.12","source":"De woningen bestaan nog","translation":"The houses still exist","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"woningen","gloss":"dwellings"},{"text":"bestaan","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.12.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.13","source":"De woningen bestonden nog","translation":"The houses still existed","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"woningen","gloss":"dwellings"},{"text":"bestonden","gloss":"existed"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.13.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.14","source":"De woningen hebben nog bestaan","translation":"The houses have still existed","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"woningen","gloss":"dwellings"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"bestaan","gloss":"exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.14.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.15","source":"De woningen zijn sterk","translation":"The houses are strong","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"woningen","gloss":"dwellings"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"sterk","gloss":"strong"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.15.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.16","source":"De woningen zijn versterkt","translation":"The houses are reinforced","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"woningen","gloss":"dwellings"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"versterkt","gloss":"confirmed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.16.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.17","source":"Tegenwoordig bestaan er nog maar een paar van die versterkte woningen.","translation":"Nowadays, only a few of those reinforced houses exist.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tegenwoordig","gloss":"nowadays, at present"},{"text":"bestaan","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there, of it"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"paar","gloss":"couple"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"versterkte","gloss":"confirmed"},{"text":"woningen.","gloss":"dwellings"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.17.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.18","source":"De kastelen vervallen","translation":"The castles deteriorate","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"vervallen","gloss":"fall"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.18.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.19","source":"De kastelen vervielen","translation":"The castles deteriorated","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"vervielen","gloss":"deteriorated"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.19.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.20","source":"De kastelen zijn vervallen","translation":"The castles are deteriorated","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"vervallen","gloss":"fall"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.20.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.21","source":"De meeste kastelen werden verwoest en vervielen tot ruïnes.","translation":"Most of the castles were destroyed and have deteriorated to ruins.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"meeste","gloss":"most"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"werden","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"verwoest","gloss":"laid waste"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"vervielen","gloss":"deteriorated"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"to, until"},{"text":"ruïnes.","gloss":"ruins"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.21.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.22","source":"Oorlogen teisteren het land","translation":"Wars harass the country","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Oorlogen","gloss":"war"},{"text":"teisteren","gloss":"harass"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"land","gloss":"land"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.22.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.23","source":"Oorlogen teisterden het land","translation":"Wars harassed the country","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Oorlogen","gloss":"war"},{"text":"teisterden","gloss":"harassed"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"land","gloss":"land"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.23.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.24","source":"Oorlogen hebben het land geteisterd","translation":"Wars have harassed the country","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Oorlogen","gloss":"war"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"land","gloss":"land"},{"text":"geteisterd","gloss":"harassed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.24.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.25","source":"Het land werd door oorlogen geteisterd","translation":"The country was harassed by wars","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"land","gloss":"land"},{"text":"werd","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"oorlogen","gloss":"war"},{"text":"geteisterd","gloss":"harassed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.25.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.26","source":"De kastelen vervielen in de voortdurende oorlogen waardoor het land werd geteisterd.","translation":"The castles deteriorated int the constant wars that harassed the country.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"vervielen","gloss":"deteriorated"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"voortdurende","gloss":"constant"},{"text":"oorlogen","gloss":"war"},{"text":"waardoor","gloss":"by which"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"land","gloss":"land"},{"text":"werd","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"geteisterd.","gloss":"harassed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.26.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.27","source":"De kastelen blijven over","translation":"The castles remain","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"blijven","gloss":"to stay (belijven)"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.27.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.28","source":"De kastelen bleven over","translation":"The castles remained","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"bleven","gloss":"to stay (belijven)"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.28.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.29","source":"De kastelen zijn overgebleven","translation":"The castles have remained","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"overgebleven","gloss":"to remain"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.29.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.30","source":"De overgebleven kastelen worden met zorg en trots bewaard.","translation":"The remaining castles were preserved with care and pride.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"overgebleven","gloss":"to remain"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"worden","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"zorg","gloss":"care"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"trots","gloss":"haughty"},{"text":"bewaard.","gloss":"laid up"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.30.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.31","source":"Zij vertellen een geschiedenis","translation":"They tell a story","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"vertellen","gloss":"tell"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"geschiedenis","gloss":"story"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.31.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.32","source":"Zij vertelden een geschiedenis","translation":"They told a story","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"vertelden","gloss":"told"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"geschiedenis","gloss":"story"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.32.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.33","source":"Zij hebben een geschiedenis verteld","translation":"They have told a story","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"geschiedenis","gloss":"story"},{"text":"verteld","gloss":"told"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.33.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.34","source":"Zij vertellen ons een geschiedenis van strijd en glorie.","translation":"They tell us a story of struggle and glory.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"vertellen","gloss":"tell"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"geschiedenis","gloss":"story"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"strijd","gloss":"struggle"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"glorie.","gloss":"glory"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.34.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.35","source":"Eeuwen geleden was Nederland verdeeld in kleine graafschappen en vorstendommen.","translation":"Centuries ago, Holland was divided into small earldoms and principalities.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Eeuwen","gloss":"centuries"},{"text":"geleden","gloss":"suffered"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"Nederland","gloss":"Nederland"},{"text":"verdeeld","gloss":"divided"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"kleine","gloss":"small"},{"text":"graafschappen","gloss":"earldoms"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"vorstendommen.","gloss":"principality"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.35.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.36","source":"De kastelen van ridders, graven en baronnen staan overal verspreid.","translation":"The castles were situated all over the country.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"ridders,","gloss":"knight"},{"text":"graven","gloss":"a count, counts"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"baronnen","gloss":"Barons"},{"text":"staan","gloss":"to stand"},{"text":"overal","gloss":"everywhere"},{"text":"verspreid.","gloss":"spread"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.36.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.37","source":"De kastelen stonden overal door het land verspreid.","translation":"The castles were found spread out all over the countryside.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"stonden","gloss":"to stand"},{"text":"overal","gloss":"everywhere"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"land","gloss":"land"},{"text":"verspreid.","gloss":"spread"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.37.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.38","source":"Tegenwoordig bestaan er nog maar een paar van die versterkte woningen.","translation":"Nowadays, only a few of those reinforced houses exist.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tegenwoordig","gloss":"nowadays, at present"},{"text":"bestaan","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there, of it"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"paar","gloss":"couple"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"versterkte","gloss":"confirmed"},{"text":"woningen.","gloss":"dwellings"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.38.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.39","source":"De meeste kastelen werden verwoest en vervielen tot ruïnes.","translation":"Most of the castles were destroyed and have deteriorated to ruins.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"meeste","gloss":"most"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"werden","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"verwoest","gloss":"laid waste"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"vervielen","gloss":"deteriorated"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"to, until"},{"text":"ruïnes.","gloss":"ruins"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.39.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.40","source":"De kastelen vervielen in de voortdurende oorlogen waardoor het land werd geteisterd.","translation":"The castles deteriorated in the constant wars that harassed the country.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"vervielen","gloss":"deteriorated"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"voortdurende","gloss":"constant"},{"text":"oorlogen","gloss":"war"},{"text":"waardoor","gloss":"by which"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"land","gloss":"land"},{"text":"werd","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"geteisterd.","gloss":"harassed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.40.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.41","source":"De overgebleven kastelen worden met zorg en trots bewaard.","translation":"The remaining castles were preserved with care and pride.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"overgebleven","gloss":"to remain"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"worden","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"zorg","gloss":"care"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"trots","gloss":"haughty"},{"text":"bewaard.","gloss":"laid up"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.41.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o1.42","source":"Zij vertellen ons een geschiedenis van strijd en glorie.","translation":"They tell us a story of struggle and glory.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"vertellen","gloss":"tell"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"geschiedenis","gloss":"story"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"strijd","gloss":"struggle"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"glorie.","gloss":"glory"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o1.42.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1902,"text":"B. Oral Reading Comprehension\n\nDLI Dutch Refresher Course (1961), Book I, Lesson 28: Ridders en Kastelen. Learning the Narrative, Part 1.\n\nThe sentences of the narrative now appear in a variety of grammatical patterns to facilitate the learning process. Repeat each phrase or sentence on tape after the native speaker, building up to sentences which are contextually equivalent to those in the narrative. At the end of each quarter these sentences appear in their natural contextual sequence on tape and in the book. Repeat each sentence after the native speaker."}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Ridders en Kastelen: vocabulary, part 2","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":77,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v2.1","source":"belangrijk","translation":"important, significant","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v2.1.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v2.2","source":"ongetwijfeld","translation":"undoubtedly","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v2.2.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v2.3","source":"het eigendom","translation":"the possession","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v2.3.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v2.4","source":"vroeger","translation":"formerly","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v2.4.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v2.5","source":"de zaal","translation":"the hall","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v2.5.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v2.6","source":"het jaar","translation":"the year","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v2.6.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1901,"text":"A. Vocabulary Practice\n\nDLI Dutch Refresher Course (1961), Book I, Lesson 28: Ridders en Kastelen. Learning the Narrative, Part 2.\n\nThis part contains words and phrases which you will later hear used in the narrative sections of this unit. On tape you will hear the word or phrase in Dutch, then in English. You will immediately repeat the Dutch word or phrase on tape in the pause left for this purpose. The native speaker will then repeat the word or phrase in Dutch as a guide to good pronunciation before continuing with the new word or phrase in both Dutch and English.\n\nBefore moving on to the next part of this lesson, try doing the vocabulary practice again with your book closed."}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Ridders en Kastelen: oral reading, part 2","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":83,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o2.1","source":"De Ridderzaal is een belangrijk kasteel","translation":"The Ridderzaal is an important castle","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Ridderzaal","gloss":"Ridderzaal"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"belangrijk","gloss":"important"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o2.1.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o2.2","source":"De Ridderzaal is een belangrijker kasteel","translation":"The Ridderzaal is a more important castle","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Ridderzaal","gloss":"Ridderzaal"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"belangrijker","gloss":"important"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o2.2.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o2.3","source":"De Ridderzaal is het belangrijkste kasteel","translation":"The Ridderzaal is a most important castle","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Ridderzaal","gloss":"Ridderzaal"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"belangrijkste","gloss":"important"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o2.3.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o2.4","source":"De Ridderzaal is het belangrijkst","translation":"The Ridderzaal is very important","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Ridderzaal","gloss":"Ridderzaal"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"belangrijkst","gloss":"important"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o2.4.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o2.5","source":"Het belangrijkste kasteel is ongetwijfeld de Ridderzaal.","translation":"The most important castle is, without a doubt, the Ridderzaal.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"belangrijkste","gloss":"important"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"ongetwijfeld","gloss":"undoubtedly"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Ridderzaal.","gloss":"Ridderzaal"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o2.5.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o2.6","source":"De graven van Holland bezaten de Ridderzaal","translation":"The earls of Holland owned the Ridderzaal","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"graven","gloss":"a count, counts"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Holland","gloss":"Holland"},{"text":"bezaten","gloss":"possessed"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Ridderzaal","gloss":"Ridderzaal"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o2.6.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o2.7","source":"De Ridderzaal was een bezitting van de graven van Holland","translation":"The Ridderzaal was a possession of the earls of Holland","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Ridderzaal","gloss":"Ridderzaal"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"bezitting","gloss":"property"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"graven","gloss":"a count, counts"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Holland","gloss":"Holland"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o2.7.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o2.8","source":"De Ridderzaal was in het bezit van de graven van Holland","translation":"The Ridderzaal was in the possession of the earls of Holland","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Ridderzaal","gloss":"Ridderzaal"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"bezit","gloss":"possession"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"graven","gloss":"a count, counts"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Holland","gloss":"Holland"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o2.8.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o2.9","source":"De Ridderzaal was het eigendom van de graven van Holland","translation":"The Ridderzaal was the property of the earls of Holland","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Ridderzaal","gloss":"Ridderzaal"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"eigendom","gloss":"property"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"graven","gloss":"a count, counts"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Holland","gloss":"Holland"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o2.9.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o2.10","source":"Vroeger was de Ridderzaal het eigendom van de graven van Holland.","translation":"Formerly, the Ridderzaal was the property of the earls of Holland.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Vroeger","gloss":"formerly"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Ridderzaal","gloss":"Ridderzaal"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"eigendom","gloss":"property"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"graven","gloss":"a count, counts"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Holland.","gloss":"Holland"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o2.10.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o2.11","source":"De Koningin opent het parlement","translation":"The Queen opens Parliament","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Koningin","gloss":"queen"},{"text":"opent","gloss":"opened"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"parlement","gloss":"Parliament"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o2.11.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o2.12","source":"De Koningin opende het parlement","translation":"The Queen opened Parliament","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Koningin","gloss":"queen"},{"text":"opende","gloss":"opened"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"parlement","gloss":"Parliament"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o2.12.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o2.13","source":"De Koningin heeft het parlement geopend","translation":"The Queen has opened Parliament","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Koningin","gloss":"queen"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"parlement","gloss":"Parliament"},{"text":"geopend","gloss":"opened"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o2.13.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o2.14","source":"Ieder jaar wordt in de Ridderzaal door de Koningin het parlement geopend.","translation":"Every year, the Queen opens Parliament in the Ridderzaal.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ieder","gloss":"each, every"},{"text":"jaar","gloss":"the year"},{"text":"wordt","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Ridderzaal","gloss":"Ridderzaal"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Koningin","gloss":"queen"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"parlement","gloss":"Parliament"},{"text":"geopend.","gloss":"opened"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o2.14.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o2.15","source":"Het belangrijkste kasteel is ongetwijfeld de Ridderzaal.","translation":"The most important castle is, without a doubt, the Ridderzaal.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"belangrijkste","gloss":"important"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"ongetwijfeld","gloss":"undoubtedly"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Ridderzaal.","gloss":"Ridderzaal"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o2.15.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o2.16","source":"Vroeger was de Ridderzaal het eigendom van de graven van Holland.","translation":"Formerly, the Ridderzaal was the property of the earls of Holland.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Vroeger","gloss":"formerly"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Ridderzaal","gloss":"Ridderzaal"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"eigendom","gloss":"property"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"graven","gloss":"a count, counts"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Holland.","gloss":"Holland"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o2.16.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o2.17","source":"Ieder jaar wordt in de Ridderzaal door de Koningin het parlement geopend.","translation":"Every year, the Queen opens Parliament in the Ridderzaal.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ieder","gloss":"each, every"},{"text":"jaar","gloss":"the year"},{"text":"wordt","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Ridderzaal","gloss":"Ridderzaal"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Koningin","gloss":"queen"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"parlement","gloss":"Parliament"},{"text":"geopend.","gloss":"opened"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o2.17.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1902,"text":"B. Oral Reading Comprehension\n\nDLI Dutch Refresher Course (1961), Book I, Lesson 28: Ridders en Kastelen. Learning the Narrative, Part 2.\n\nThe sentences of the narrative now appear in a variety of grammatical patterns to facilitate the learning process. Repeat each phrase or sentence on tape after the native speaker, building up to sentences which are contextually equivalent to those in the narrative. At the end of each quarter these sentences appear in their natural contextual sequence on tape and in the book. Repeat each sentence after the native speaker."}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Ridders en Kastelen: vocabulary, part 3","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":100,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v3.1","source":"de grondvesten","translation":"the foundation","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v3.1.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v3.2","source":"oud, ouder, oudst","translation":"old, older, the oldest","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v3.2.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v3.3","source":"de oorsprong","translation":"the origin","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v3.3.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v3.4","source":"Romeins (adj.)","translation":"Roman","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v3.4.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v3.5","source":"belegeren","translation":"to besiege","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v3.5.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v3.6","source":"in brand steken","translation":"to set afire","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v3.6.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v3.7","source":"keer op keer","translation":"time after time","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v3.7.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v3.8","source":"hoog boven","translation":"high above","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v3.8.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1901,"text":"A. Vocabulary Practice\n\nDLI Dutch Refresher Course (1961), Book I, Lesson 28: Ridders en Kastelen. Learning the Narrative, Part 3.\n\nThis part contains words and phrases which you will later hear used in the narrative sections of this unit. On tape you will hear the word or phrase in Dutch, then in English. You will immediately repeat the Dutch word or phrase on tape in the pause left for this purpose. The native speaker will then repeat the word or phrase in Dutch as a guide to good pronunciation before continuing with the new word or phrase in both Dutch and English.\n\nBefore moving on to the next part of this lesson, try doing the vocabulary practice again with your book closed."}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Ridders en Kastelen: oral reading, part 3","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":108,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o3.1","source":"Het kasteel van Batenburg is het oudst","translation":"The castle of Batenburg is the oldest","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Batenburg","gloss":"Batenburg"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"oudst","gloss":"old"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o3.1.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o3.2","source":"Het kasteel van Batenburg heeft de oudste grondvesten","translation":"The castle of Batenburg has the oldest foundations","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Batenburg","gloss":"Batenburg"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"oudste","gloss":"oldest"},{"text":"grondvesten","gloss":"foundations"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o3.2.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o3.3","source":"Het kasteel met de oudste grondvesten is het kasteel van Batenburg.","translation":"The castle with the oldest foundations is the castle of Batenburg.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"oudste","gloss":"oldest"},{"text":"grondvesten","gloss":"foundations"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Batenburg.","gloss":"Batenburg"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o3.3.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o3.4","source":"De oorsprong van het kasteel was een Romeins fort","translation":"The origin of the castle was a Roman fortress","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"oorsprong","gloss":"origin"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"Romeins","gloss":"Roman"},{"text":"fort","gloss":"fort"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o3.4.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o3.5","source":"Van oorsprong was het kasteel een Romeins fort","translation":"The castle was a Roman fortress by origin","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"oorsprong","gloss":"origin"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"Romeins","gloss":"Roman"},{"text":"fort","gloss":"fort"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o3.5.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o3.6","source":"Oorspronkelijk was het kasteel een Romeins fort","translation":"Originally, the castle was a Roman fortress","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Oorspronkelijk","gloss":"original"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"Romeins","gloss":"Roman"},{"text":"fort","gloss":"fort"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o3.6.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o3.7","source":"De vijand belegert het kasteel","translation":"The enemy besieges the castle","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"vijand","gloss":"enemy"},{"text":"belegert","gloss":"besieged"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o3.7.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o3.8","source":"De vijand belegerde het kasteel","translation":"The enemy besieged the castle","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"vijand","gloss":"enemy"},{"text":"belegerde","gloss":"besieged"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o3.8.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o3.9","source":"De vijand heeft het kasteel belegerd","translation":"The enemy has besieged the castle","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"vijand","gloss":"enemy"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"belegerd","gloss":"besieged"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o3.9.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o3.10","source":"Zij steken het kasteel in brand","translation":"They set the castle on fire","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"steken","gloss":"to sting, to put"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"brand","gloss":"fire"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o3.10.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o3.11","source":"Zij staken het kasteel in brand","translation":"They set the castle on fire","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"staken","gloss":"to sting, to put"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"brand","gloss":"fire"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o3.11.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o3.12","source":"Zij hebben het kasteel in brand gestoken","translation":"They have set the castle on fire","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"brand","gloss":"fire"},{"text":"gestoken","gloss":"to sting, to put"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o3.12.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o3.13","source":"Keer op keer is het kasteel belegerd en in brand gestoken.","translation":"Time and again, the castle is besieged and set on fire.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Keer","gloss":"time (an occasion)"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"keer","gloss":"time (an occasion)"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"belegerd","gloss":"besieged"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"brand","gloss":"fire"},{"text":"gestoken.","gloss":"to sting, to put"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o3.13.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o3.14","source":"Het bergkasteel ligt hoog boven een ravijn","translation":"The mountain castle stands high above a ravine","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"bergkasteel","gloss":"mountain castle"},{"text":"ligt","gloss":"to lie (be situated)"},{"text":"hoog","gloss":"high; (of age) great, old"},{"text":"boven","gloss":"above, over"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"ravijn","gloss":"ravine"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o3.14.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o3.15","source":"Het bergkasteel is hoog boven een ravijn gelegen","translation":"The mountain castle is situated high above a ravine","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"bergkasteel","gloss":"mountain castle"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"hoog","gloss":"high; (of age) great, old"},{"text":"boven","gloss":"above, over"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"ravijn","gloss":"ravine"},{"text":"gelegen","gloss":"to lie (be situated)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o3.15.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o3.16","source":"Weinig mensen weten, dat Nederland een bergkasteel heeft, dat hoog boven een ravijn gelegen is.","translation":"Few people know that the Netherlands have a mountain castle that is situated high above a ravine.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Weinig","gloss":"little, few"},{"text":"mensen","gloss":"men, people"},{"text":"weten,","gloss":"to know"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"Nederland","gloss":"Nederland"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"bergkasteel","gloss":"mountain castle"},{"text":"heeft,","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"hoog","gloss":"high; (of age) great, old"},{"text":"boven","gloss":"above, over"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"ravijn","gloss":"ravine"},{"text":"gelegen","gloss":"to lie (be situated)"},{"text":"is.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o3.16.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o3.17","source":"Het kasteel met de oudste grondvesten is het kasteel van Batenburg.","translation":"The castle with the oldest foundations is the castle of Batenburg.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"oudste","gloss":"oldest"},{"text":"grondvesten","gloss":"foundations"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Batenburg.","gloss":"Batenburg"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o3.17.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o3.18","source":"Keer op keer is het kasteel belegerd en in brand gestoken.","translation":"Time and again, the castle is besieged and set on fire.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Keer","gloss":"time (an occasion)"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"keer","gloss":"time (an occasion)"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"belegerd","gloss":"besieged"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"brand","gloss":"fire"},{"text":"gestoken.","gloss":"to sting, to put"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o3.18.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o3.19","source":"Weinig mensen weten, dat Nederland een bergkasteel heeft, dat hoog boven een ravijn gelegen is.","translation":"Few people know that the Netherlands have a mountain castle that is situated high above a ravine.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Weinig","gloss":"little, few"},{"text":"mensen","gloss":"men, people"},{"text":"weten,","gloss":"to know"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"Nederland","gloss":"Nederland"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"bergkasteel","gloss":"mountain castle"},{"text":"heeft,","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"hoog","gloss":"high; (of age) great, old"},{"text":"boven","gloss":"above, over"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"ravijn","gloss":"ravine"},{"text":"gelegen","gloss":"to lie (be situated)"},{"text":"is.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o3.19.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1902,"text":"B. Oral Reading Comprehension\n\nDLI Dutch Refresher Course (1961), Book I, Lesson 28: Ridders en Kastelen. Learning the Narrative, Part 3.\n\nThe sentences of the narrative now appear in a variety of grammatical patterns to facilitate the learning process. Repeat each phrase or sentence on tape after the native speaker, building up to sentences which are contextually equivalent to those in the narrative. At the end of each quarter these sentences appear in their natural contextual sequence on tape and in the book. Repeat each sentence after the native speaker."}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Ridders en Kastelen: vocabulary, part 4 (1)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":127,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v4.1","source":"een hele tijd lang","translation":"a very long time","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v4.1.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v4.2","source":"dichtbij","translation":"close by","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v4.2.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v4.3","source":"te zien zijn","translation":"to be seen","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v4.3.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v4.4","source":"al lang","translation":"for a long time now","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v4.4.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v4.5","source":"de stad","translation":"the city","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v4.5.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v4.6","source":"het dorp","translation":"the village","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v4.6.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v4.7","source":"prachtig","translation":"beautiful","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v4.7.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1901,"text":"A. Vocabulary Practice\n\nDLI Dutch Refresher Course (1961), Book I, Lesson 28: Ridders en Kastelen. Learning the Narrative, Part 4.\n\nThis part contains words and phrases which you will later hear used in the narrative sections of this unit. On tape you will hear the word or phrase in Dutch, then in English. You will immediately repeat the Dutch word or phrase on tape in the pause left for this purpose. The native speaker will then repeat the word or phrase in Dutch as a guide to good pronunciation before continuing with the new word or phrase in both Dutch and English.\n\nBefore moving on to the next part of this lesson, try doing the vocabulary practice again with your book closed."}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Ridders en Kastelen: vocabulary, part 4 (2)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":134,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v4.8","source":"de muur","translation":"the wall","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v4.8.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v4.9","source":"een indruk geven van","translation":"to give an impression of","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v4.9.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v4.10","source":"de burcht","translation":"the castle","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v4.10.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v4.11","source":"het bolwerk","translation":"the bastion, bulwark, stronghold","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v4.11.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.v4.12","source":"de ridder","translation":"the knight","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.v4.12.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Ridders en Kastelen: oral reading, part 4","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":139,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.1","source":"De graven van Egmond hebben lang een belangrijke rol gespeeld","translation":"The earls of Egmont have played an important role","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"graven","gloss":"a count, counts"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Egmond","gloss":"Egmond"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"lang","gloss":"long"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"belangrijke","gloss":"important"},{"text":"rol","gloss":"part"},{"text":"gespeeld","gloss":"to play"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.1.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.2","source":"De graven van Egmond hebben een hele tijd lang een belangrijke rol gespeeld","translation":"The earls of Egmont played an important role for a very long time","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"graven","gloss":"a count, counts"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Egmond","gloss":"Egmond"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"hele","gloss":"whole"},{"text":"tijd","gloss":"time"},{"text":"lang","gloss":"long"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"belangrijke","gloss":"important"},{"text":"rol","gloss":"part"},{"text":"gespeeld","gloss":"to play"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.2.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.3","source":"De graven van Egmond hebben lange tijd een belangrijke rol gespeeld","translation":"The earls of Egmont played an important role for a long time","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"graven","gloss":"a count, counts"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Egmond","gloss":"Egmond"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"lange","gloss":"a long time"},{"text":"tijd","gloss":"a long time"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"belangrijke","gloss":"important"},{"text":"rol","gloss":"part"},{"text":"gespeeld","gloss":"to play"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.3.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.4","source":"Dichtbij Alkmaar zijn de ruïnes te zien van het kasteel van de graven van Egmond, die lange tijd een belangrijke rol gespeeld hebben in Nederland.","translation":"Close to Alkmaar are the ruins of the castle of the earls of Egmont who for a long time played an important role in Holland.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dichtbij","gloss":"close by (archaic dichte bij)"},{"text":"Alkmaar","gloss":"Alkmaar"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"ruïnes","gloss":"ruins"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"zien","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"graven","gloss":"a count, counts"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Egmond,","gloss":"Egmond"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"lange","gloss":"a long time"},{"text":"tijd","gloss":"a long time"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"belangrijke","gloss":"important"},{"text":"rol","gloss":"part"},{"text":"gespeeld","gloss":"to play"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"Nederland.","gloss":"Nederland"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.4.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.5","source":"Het is al lang een ruïne","translation":"It has been a ruin for a long time","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"lang","gloss":"long"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"ruïne","gloss":"ruin"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.5.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.6","source":"Al vier eeuwen lang is het een ruïne.","translation":"It has been a ruin for four centuries.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"vier","gloss":"four"},{"text":"eeuwen","gloss":"centuries"},{"text":"lang","gloss":"long"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"ruïne.","gloss":"ruin"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.6.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.7","source":"U zult in de steden vele kastelen vinden","translation":"You will find many castles in the cities","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"U","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"zult","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"steden","gloss":"cities"},{"text":"vele","gloss":"many"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"vinden","gloss":"to find"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.7.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.8","source":"U zult ze veel in de steden vinden","translation":"You will find them often in the cities","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"U","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"zult","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"veel","gloss":"much"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"steden","gloss":"cities"},{"text":"vinden","gloss":"to find"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.8.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.9","source":"U zult ze meer in de dorpen vinden","translation":"You will find them more in the villages","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"U","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"zult","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"meer","gloss":"more"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"dorpen","gloss":"villages"},{"text":"vinden","gloss":"to find"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.9.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.10","source":"U zult ze het meest in kleine dorpjes vinden","translation":"You will find them mostly in small villages","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"U","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"zult","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"meest","gloss":"most"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"kleine","gloss":"small"},{"text":"dorpjes","gloss":"village"},{"text":"vinden","gloss":"to find"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.10.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.11","source":"U zult ze niet in grote steden vinden, maar het meest in klein dorpjes en stadjes met onbekende namen.","translation":"You will not find them in big cities but mostly in small villages and towns with unfamiliar names.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"U","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"zult","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"grote","gloss":"big, great"},{"text":"steden","gloss":"cities"},{"text":"vinden,","gloss":"to find"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"meest","gloss":"most"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"klein","gloss":"small"},{"text":"dorpjes","gloss":"village"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"stadjes","gloss":"city, town"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"onbekende","gloss":"unknown"},{"text":"namen.","gloss":"took; names"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.11.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.12","source":"Dat kasteel is groot","translation":"The castle is big","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"groot","gloss":"great"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.12.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.13","source":"Dat kasteel is groter","translation":"The castle is bigger","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"groter","gloss":"great"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.13.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.14","source":"Dat kasteel is het grootst","translation":"The castle is the biggest","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"grootst","gloss":"greatest"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.14.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.15","source":"Dat grote kasteel is prachtig","translation":"The big castle is beautiful","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"grote","gloss":"big, great"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"prachtig","gloss":"magnificent"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.15.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.16","source":"De grootte van dat kasteel is goed te zien","translation":"The vastness of that castle can easily be seen","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"grootte","gloss":"size"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"goed","gloss":"goods"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"zien","gloss":"to see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.16.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.17","source":"De muren geven een goede indruk van de grootte van het kasteel.","translation":"The walls give a good impression of the vastness of the castle.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"muren","gloss":"wall"},{"text":"geven","gloss":"to give"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"goede","gloss":"the good, what is good"},{"text":"indruk","gloss":"impression"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"grootte","gloss":"size"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel.","gloss":"castle"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.17.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.18","source":"De ridders woonden in die burchten","translation":"The knights lived in those castles","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"ridders","gloss":"knight"},{"text":"woonden","gloss":"to live, to dwell"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"burchten","gloss":"castle"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.18.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.19","source":"Eens waren ze de bolwerken van de ridders die in die burchten woonden.","translation":"Once they were the bastions of the knights that lived in those castles.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Eens","gloss":"once, one day"},{"text":"waren","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"bolwerken","gloss":"bastions"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"ridders","gloss":"knight"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"burchten","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"woonden.","gloss":"lived"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.19.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.20","source":"Dichtbij Alkmaar zijn de ruïnes te zien van het kasteel van de graven van Egmond, die lange tijd een belangrijke rol gespeeld hebben in Nederland.","translation":"Close to Alkmaar are the ruins of the castle of the earls of Egmont who for a long time played an important role in Holland.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dichtbij","gloss":"close by (archaic dichte bij)"},{"text":"Alkmaar","gloss":"Alkmaar"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"ruïnes","gloss":"ruins"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"zien","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"graven","gloss":"a count, counts"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Egmond,","gloss":"Egmond"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"lange","gloss":"a long time"},{"text":"tijd","gloss":"a long time"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"belangrijke","gloss":"important"},{"text":"rol","gloss":"part"},{"text":"gespeeld","gloss":"to play"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"Nederland.","gloss":"Nederland"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.20.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.21","source":"Al vier eeuwen lang is het een ruïne.","translation":"It has been a ruin for four centuries.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"vier","gloss":"four"},{"text":"eeuwen","gloss":"centuries"},{"text":"lang","gloss":"long"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"ruïne.","gloss":"ruin"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.21.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.22","source":"U zult ze niet in grote steden vinden, maar het meest in kleine dorpjes en stadjes met onbekende namen.","translation":"You will not find them in big cities but mostly in small villages and towns with unfamiliar names.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"U","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"zult","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"grote","gloss":"big, great"},{"text":"steden","gloss":"cities"},{"text":"vinden,","gloss":"to find"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"meest","gloss":"most"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"kleine","gloss":"small"},{"text":"dorpjes","gloss":"village"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"stadjes","gloss":"city, town"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"onbekende","gloss":"unknown"},{"text":"namen.","gloss":"took; names"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.22.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.23","source":"De muren geven een goede indruk van de grootte van het kasteel.","translation":"The walls give a good impression of the vastness of the castle.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"muren","gloss":"wall"},{"text":"geven","gloss":"to give"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"goede","gloss":"the good, what is good"},{"text":"indruk","gloss":"impression"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"grootte","gloss":"size"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel.","gloss":"castle"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.23.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.o4.24","source":"Eens waren ze de bolwerken van de ridders die in die burchten woonden.","translation":"Once they were bastions of the knights that lived in those castles.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Eens","gloss":"once, one day"},{"text":"waren","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"bolwerken","gloss":"bastions"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"ridders","gloss":"knight"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"burchten","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"woonden.","gloss":"lived"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.o4.24.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1902,"text":"B. Oral Reading Comprehension\n\nDLI Dutch Refresher Course (1961), Book I, Lesson 28: Ridders en Kastelen. Learning the Narrative, Part 4.\n\nThe sentences of the narrative now appear in a variety of grammatical patterns to facilitate the learning process. Repeat each phrase or sentence on tape after the native speaker, building up to sentences which are contextually equivalent to those in the narrative. At the end of each quarter these sentences appear in their natural contextual sequence on tape and in the book. Repeat each sentence after the native speaker."}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Ridders en Kastelen: check-up","teaching":[{"title":"Check-up","paragraphs":["Two speakers put the narrative as questions and answers.","Answer each question from what the narrative said, then say the answer. Later sections ask the same questions without the text, so answer from memory where you can."]}],"lines":[{"number":163,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.q1","source":"Hoe was Nederland vroeger verdeeld?","translation":"How was Holland formerly divided?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"Nederland","gloss":"Nederland"},{"text":"vroeger","gloss":"formerly"},{"text":"verdeeld?","gloss":"divided"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.q1.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.q2","source":"Waarin woonden de ridders, graven en baronnen?","translation":"In what did the knights, earls and barons live?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Waarin","gloss":"in which"},{"text":"woonden","gloss":"lived"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"ridders,","gloss":"knight"},{"text":"graven","gloss":"a count, counts"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"baronnen?","gloss":"Barons"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.q2.m4a"},{"number":165,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.q3","source":"Hoeveel kastelen zijn er tegenwoordig nog over?","translation":"How many castles are still left now?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoeveel","gloss":"how much"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there, of it"},{"text":"tegenwoordig","gloss":"nowadays, at present"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"over?","gloss":"across, over"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.q3.m4a"},{"number":166,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.q4","source":"Waardoor zijn de kastelen verdwenen?","translation":"Why did the castles disappear?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Waardoor","gloss":"by which"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"verdwenen?","gloss":"to disappear"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.q4.m4a"},{"number":167,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.a1","source":"Het was vroeger verdeeld in kleine graafschappen en vorstendommen.","translation":"It was formerly divided into small earldoms and principalities.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"vroeger","gloss":"formerly"},{"text":"verdeeld","gloss":"divided"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"kleine","gloss":"small"},{"text":"graafschappen","gloss":"earldoms"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"vorstendommen.","gloss":"principality"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.a1.m4a"},{"number":168,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.a2","source":"Zij woonden in kastelen, die overal door het land verspreid stonden.","translation":"They lived in castles which were situated all over the country.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"woonden","gloss":"to live, to dwell"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"kastelen,","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"overal","gloss":"everywhere"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"land","gloss":"land"},{"text":"verspreid","gloss":"spread"},{"text":"stonden.","gloss":"to stand"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.a2.m4a"},{"number":169,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.a3","source":"Tegenwoordig zijn er nog maar een paar van die kastelen over.","translation":"Only a few of those castles are left nowadays.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tegenwoordig","gloss":"nowadays, at present"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there, of it"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"paar","gloss":"couple"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"over.","gloss":"across, over"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.a3.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.a4","source":"De meeste kastelen werden verwoest in de voortdurende oorlogen waardoor het land geteisterd werd.","translation":"Most castles were destroyed in the constant wars that harassed the country.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"meeste","gloss":"most"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"werden","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"verwoest","gloss":"laid waste"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"voortdurende","gloss":"constant"},{"text":"oorlogen","gloss":"war"},{"text":"waardoor","gloss":"by which"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"land","gloss":"land"},{"text":"geteisterd","gloss":"harassed"},{"text":"werd.","gloss":"to become, to get"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.a4.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.q5","source":"Wat gebeurt er met de overgebleven kastelen?","translation":"What happened to the remaining castles?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"gebeurt","gloss":"to happen"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there, of it"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"overgebleven","gloss":"to remain"},{"text":"kastelen?","gloss":"castles"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.q5.m4a"},{"number":172,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.q6","source":"Wat is het belangrijkste kasteel dat overgebleven is?","translation":"What is the most important castle that remained?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"belangrijkste","gloss":"important"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"overgebleven","gloss":"to remain"},{"text":"is?","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.q6.m4a"},{"number":173,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.q7","source":"Waar ligt de Ridderzaal?","translation":"Where is the Ridderzaal?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Waar","gloss":"where"},{"text":"ligt","gloss":"to lie (be situated)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Ridderzaal?","gloss":"Ridderzaal"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.q7.m4a"},{"number":174,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.q8","source":"Waarvoor wordt de Ridderzaal nog steeds gebruikt?","translation":"For what is the Ridderzaal still used?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Waarvoor","gloss":"for which"},{"text":"wordt","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Ridderzaal","gloss":"Ridderzaal"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"steeds","gloss":"townish"},{"text":"gebruikt?","gloss":"to eat, to have"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.q8.m4a"},{"number":175,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.a5","source":"De overgebleven kastelen worden zorgvuldig bewaard.","translation":"The remaining castles are carefully preserved.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"overgebleven","gloss":"to remain"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"worden","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"zorgvuldig","gloss":"carefully"},{"text":"bewaard.","gloss":"laid up"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.a5.m4a"},{"number":176,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.a6","source":"Het belangrijkste overgebleven kasteel is de Ridderzaal.","translation":"The most important remaining castle is the Ridderzaal.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"belangrijkste","gloss":"important"},{"text":"overgebleven","gloss":"to remain"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Ridderzaal.","gloss":"Ridderzaal"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.a6.m4a"},{"number":177,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.a7","source":"De Ridderzaal ligt in het hartje van Den Haag.","translation":"The Ridderzaal is situated in the heart of the Hague.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Ridderzaal","gloss":"Ridderzaal"},{"text":"ligt","gloss":"to lie (be situated)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"hartje","gloss":"heart"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Den","gloss":"Den"},{"text":"Haag.","gloss":"Haag"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.a7.m4a"},{"number":178,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.a8","source":"De Koningin opent in de Ridderzaal het parlement.","translation":"The Queen opens parliament in the Ridderzaal.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Koningin","gloss":"queen"},{"text":"opent","gloss":"opened"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Ridderzaal","gloss":"Ridderzaal"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"parlement.","gloss":"Parliament"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.a8.m4a"},{"number":179,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.q9","source":"Wat is het oudste kasteel?","translation":"What is the oldest castle?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"oudste","gloss":"oldest"},{"text":"kasteel?","gloss":"castle"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.q9.m4a"},{"number":180,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.q10","source":"Waarom is dit kasteel niet verwoest?","translation":"Why wasn’t this castle destroyed?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Waarom","gloss":"the reason why"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"dit","gloss":"this"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"verwoest?","gloss":"laid waste"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.q10.m4a"},{"number":181,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.q11","source":"Welke burcht was in de negentiende eeuw een bolwerk tegen de Fransen?","translation":"Which castle was a stronghold against the French in the nineteenth century?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Welke","gloss":"which, what"},{"text":"burcht","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"negentiende","gloss":"NINETEENTH"},{"text":"eeuw","gloss":"century"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"bolwerk","gloss":"stronghold"},{"text":"tegen","gloss":"against; to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Fransen?","gloss":"Fransen"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.q11.m4a"},{"number":182,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.q12","source":"Waar was het kasteel van de graven van Egmond?","translation":"Where was the castle of the earls of Egmont?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Waar","gloss":"where"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"graven","gloss":"a count, counts"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Egmond?","gloss":"Egmond"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.q12.m4a"},{"number":183,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.q13","source":"Wat is er nog over van dat kasteel?","translation":"What is left of this castle?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there, of it"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"kasteel?","gloss":"castle"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.q13.m4a"},{"number":184,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.a9","source":"Het kasteel met de oudste grondvesten is het kasteel van Batenburg.","translation":"The castle with the oldest foundations is the castle of Batenburg.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"oudste","gloss":"oldest"},{"text":"grondvesten","gloss":"foundations"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Batenburg.","gloss":"Batenburg"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.a9.m4a"},{"number":185,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.a10","source":"Het kasteel van Batenburg is vele keren verwoest en in brand gestoken, maar het is altijd weer in zijn vroegere pracht herbouwd.","translation":"The castle of Batenburg was destroyed and set on fire many times, but it was always rebuilt in its former glory.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Batenburg","gloss":"Batenburg"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"vele","gloss":"many"},{"text":"keren","gloss":"time (an occasion)"},{"text":"verwoest","gloss":"laid waste"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"brand","gloss":"fire"},{"text":"gestoken,","gloss":"to sting, to put"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"altijd","gloss":"always"},{"text":"weer","gloss":"again"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"vroegere","gloss":"former"},{"text":"pracht","gloss":"pomp"},{"text":"herbouwd.","gloss":"to rebuild"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.a10.m4a"},{"number":186,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.a11","source":"Het Nederlandse bergkasteel, dat ligt in Valkenburg, in de provincie Limburg, was zo’n machtige burcht, dat het een bolwerk was tegen de Fransen.","translation":"The Dutch mountain castle that is situated in Valkenburg in the province of Limburg was such a powerful castle that it was a stronghold against the French.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"Nederlandse","gloss":"Dutch"},{"text":"bergkasteel,","gloss":"mountain castle"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"ligt","gloss":"lies"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"Valkenburg,","gloss":"Valkenburg"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"provincie","gloss":"province"},{"text":"Limburg,","gloss":"Limburg"},{"text":"was","gloss":"was"},{"text":"zo’n","gloss":"such a"},{"text":"machtige","gloss":"powerful"},{"text":"burcht,","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"bolwerk","gloss":"stronghold"},{"text":"was","gloss":"was"},{"text":"tegen","gloss":"to (a person)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Fransen.","gloss":"French"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.a11.m4a"},{"number":187,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.a12","source":"Het kasteel van de graven van Egmond lag dichtbij Alkmaar.","translation":"The castle of the earls of Egmont was situated near Alkmaar.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"graven","gloss":"a count, counts"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Egmond","gloss":"Egmond"},{"text":"lag","gloss":"to lie (be situated)"},{"text":"dichtbij","gloss":"close by (archaic dichte bij)"},{"text":"Alkmaar.","gloss":"Alkmaar"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.a12.m4a"},{"number":188,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.c.a13","source":"Alleen de muren zijn nog over van dat kasteel.","translation":"Only the walls of that castle remain.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Alleen","gloss":"only"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"muren","gloss":"wall"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"kasteel.","gloss":"castle"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.c.a13.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1903,"text":"II. Check-Up\n\nDLI Dutch Refresher Course (1961), Book I, Lesson 29: Ridders en Kastelen.\n\nThe material of the narrative is now presented in still another form to assist you further in completely assimilating the narrative. You will repeat both questions and answers based on the narrative material after the native speaker. Do this section thoroughly since you will be expected in the sections that follow to answer as well as ask these questions from memory."}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Ridders en Kastelen: the dialog","teaching":[{"title":"A conversation to listen to","paragraphs":["Two Dutch speakers talk about the matter of the narrative, recorded without a script.","Listen first with the text, then without it. The aim is to follow the whole conversation by ear."]}],"lines":[{"number":189,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.d.1","source":"Zeg, ik kom juist uit Den Haag. Ik heb daar de opening van het parlement meegemaakt in de Ridderzaal. Ik was erg onder de indruk van de plechtigheid, maar vooral het gebouw is indrukwekkend!","translation":"Say, I just came from the Hague. I attended the opening of parliament there in the Ridderzaal. I was very much impressed by the ceremony, but the building itself is very impressive!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zeg,","gloss":"say"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"kom","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"juist","gloss":"exactly"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of"},{"text":"Den","gloss":"Den"},{"text":"Haag.","gloss":"Haag"},{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"daar","gloss":"as, since, because"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"opening","gloss":"opening"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"parlement","gloss":"Parliament"},{"text":"meegemaakt","gloss":"attended"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Ridderzaal.","gloss":"Ridderzaal"},{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"erg","gloss":"very; bad"},{"text":"onder","gloss":"under"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"indruk","gloss":"impression"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"plechtigheid,","gloss":"ceremony"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"vooral","gloss":"especially"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"gebouw","gloss":"building"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"indrukwekkend!","gloss":"impressive"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.d.1.m4a"},{"number":190,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.d.2","source":"Ja, het is een prachtig stuk bouwkunst. Denk je eens in: het werd in de dertiende eeuw gebouwd, en het staat nog steeds overeind in al zijn glorie.","translation":"Yes, it’s a beautiful piece of architecture. Just imagine, it was built in the thirteenth century and is still standing in all its glory.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ja,","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"prachtig","gloss":"magnificent"},{"text":"stuk","gloss":"piece"},{"text":"bouwkunst.","gloss":"architecture"},{"text":"Denk","gloss":"think"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"eens","gloss":"once, one day"},{"text":"in:","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"werd","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"dertiende","gloss":"thirteenth"},{"text":"eeuw","gloss":"century"},{"text":"gebouwd,","gloss":"built"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"staat","gloss":"to stand"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"steeds","gloss":"townish"},{"text":"overeind","gloss":"upright"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"glorie.","gloss":"glory"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.d.2.m4a"},{"number":191,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.d.3","source":"Het is allerleukst om door de galerijën van dat bouwwerk te wandelen. Het wekt de romantiek op van de tijd van ridders en kastelen.","translation":"It’s wonderful to walk through the halls of this building. It revives the romanticism of the time of knights and castles.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"allerleukst","gloss":"wonderful"},{"text":"om","gloss":"smile at"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"galerijën","gloss":"halls"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"bouwwerk","gloss":"building"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"wandelen.","gloss":"to walk, stroll"},{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"wekt","gloss":"awakened"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"romantiek","gloss":"romanticism"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"tijd","gloss":"time"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"ridders","gloss":"knight"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"kastelen.","gloss":"castles"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.d.3.m4a"},{"number":192,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.d.4","source":"Hebt U ooit de andere beroemde kastelen in Nederland bezocht? Het kasteel van Valkenburg bijvoorbeeld?","translation":"Did you ever visit the other famous castles in Holland? The castle of Valkenburg, for instance?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hebt","gloss":"have"},{"text":"U","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"ooit","gloss":"ever"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"andere","gloss":"other"},{"text":"beroemde","gloss":"celebrated"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"Nederland","gloss":"Nederland"},{"text":"bezocht?","gloss":"to visit"},{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Valkenburg","gloss":"Valkenburg"},{"text":"bijvoorbeeld?","gloss":"for instance"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.d.4.m4a"},{"number":193,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.d.5","source":"O, ja, die burcht die uitkijkt over een ravijn in Limburg. Daar ben ik verleden zomer geweest. Het was erg interessant.","translation":"Oh, yes; that castle that looks out over ravine in Limburg. I was there last summer. It was very interesting.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"O,","gloss":"oh"},{"text":"ja,","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"burcht","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"uitkijkt","gloss":"looks out"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"ravijn","gloss":"ravine"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"Limburg.","gloss":"Limburg"},{"text":"Daar","gloss":"as, since, because"},{"text":"ben","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"verleden","gloss":"lately"},{"text":"zomer","gloss":"summer"},{"text":"geweest.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"erg","gloss":"very; bad"},{"text":"interessant.","gloss":"interesting"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.d.5.m4a"},{"number":194,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.d.6","source":"Maar het is jammer dat al die voortdurende oorlogen onze kastelen zo hebben verwoest en ontsierd. Op oude prenten kun je nog zien hoe ze er uit zagen.","translation":"It’s a pity that all those constant wars destroyed and disfigured our castles. You can see what they looked like in old prints.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"jammer","gloss":"a pity"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"voortdurende","gloss":"constant"},{"text":"oorlogen","gloss":"war"},{"text":"onze","gloss":"our"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"verwoest","gloss":"laid waste"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ontsierd.","gloss":"disfigured"},{"text":"Op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"oude","gloss":"old"},{"text":"prenten","gloss":"pictures"},{"text":"kun","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"zien","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there, of it"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of"},{"text":"zagen.","gloss":"to see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.d.6.m4a"},{"number":195,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.d.7","source":"Ja, dat is zeker erg jammer. Die kastelen vormen zeker een belangrijk deel van de Nederlandse geschiedenis?","translation":"Yes, that certainly is too bad. Those castles probably made up a large part of Dutch history.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ja,","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"zeker","gloss":"surely, certainly"},{"text":"erg","gloss":"very; bad"},{"text":"jammer.","gloss":"a pity"},{"text":"Die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"vormen","gloss":"form"},{"text":"zeker","gloss":"surely, certainly"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"belangrijk","gloss":"important"},{"text":"deel","gloss":"part"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Nederlandse","gloss":"Dutch"},{"text":"geschiedenis?","gloss":"story"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.d.7.m4a"},{"number":196,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.d.8","source":"O, ja. Neem bijvoorbeeld het kasteel van Batenburg. Het was een Romeins fort. Het kasteel was zo strategisch geplaatst, dat het altijd het doel was van invallende troepen. Het heeft dan ook een uiterst belangrijke rol vervuld in de geschiedenis van Nederland.","translation":"Oh, yes. Take, for instance, the castle of Batenburg. It was a Roman fortress. The castle was situated so strategically that it was always the objective for invading troops. Consequently, it played an extremely important role in the history of the Netherlands.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"O,","gloss":"oh"},{"text":"ja.","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"Neem","gloss":"to take"},{"text":"bijvoorbeeld","gloss":"for instance"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Batenburg.","gloss":"Batenburg"},{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"Romeins","gloss":"Roman"},{"text":"fort.","gloss":"fort"},{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"strategisch","gloss":"strategically"},{"text":"geplaatst,","gloss":"to put, to place"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"altijd","gloss":"always"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"doel","gloss":"aim, purpose"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"invallende","gloss":"invading"},{"text":"troepen.","gloss":"troops"},{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"ook","gloss":"also, likewise"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"uiterst","gloss":"extremely"},{"text":"belangrijke","gloss":"important"},{"text":"rol","gloss":"part"},{"text":"vervuld","gloss":"fulfill"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"geschiedenis","gloss":"story"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Nederland.","gloss":"Nederland"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.d.8.m4a"},{"number":197,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.d.9","source":"Ik vind dan ook dat de staat er goed aan doet, deze kastelen te herstellen op staatskosten.","translation":"I think it’s a good thing that the state restores those castles with state funds.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"vind","gloss":"to find"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"ook","gloss":"also, likewise"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"staat","gloss":"stands; state"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there, of it"},{"text":"goed","gloss":"goods"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, to"},{"text":"doet,","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"kastelen","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"herstellen","gloss":"set right"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"staatskosten.","gloss":"state funds"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.d.9.m4a"},{"number":198,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.d.10","source":"Dat is zeker een goed werk. Helaas zijn er erg veel kastelen, die al hopeloos verwoest zijn, zoals het kasteel bij Alkmaar.","translation":"That certainly is a good project. Unfortunately, there are many castles that are already hopelessly destroyed as, for instance, the castle near Alkmaar.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"zeker","gloss":"surely, certainly"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"goed","gloss":"goods"},{"text":"werk.","gloss":"work"},{"text":"Helaas","gloss":"alas"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there, of it"},{"text":"erg","gloss":"very; bad"},{"text":"veel","gloss":"much"},{"text":"kastelen,","gloss":"castles"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"hopeloos","gloss":"hopelessly"},{"text":"verwoest","gloss":"laid waste"},{"text":"zijn,","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"zoals","gloss":"as"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"Alkmaar.","gloss":"Alkmaar"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.d.10.m4a"},{"number":199,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.d.11","source":"Welk kasteel is dat?","translation":"Which castle is that?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Welk","gloss":"which, what"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"dat?","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.d.11.m4a"},{"number":200,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.d.12","source":"U kent het misschien onder de naam van het kasteel van Egmond.","translation":"Maybe you know it under the name of the castle of Egmont?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"U","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"kent","gloss":"knows"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"misschien","gloss":"perhaps (het mag geschien)"},{"text":"onder","gloss":"under"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"naam","gloss":"name"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kasteel","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Egmond.","gloss":"Egmond"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.d.12.m4a"},{"number":201,"id":"dli.nl.b1u09.d.13","source":"Dat is een naam die heel veel voorkomt in de geschiedenis van de Nederlanden. De graven van Egmond waren wel een van de meest invloedrijke families, die ooit in Holland hebben gewoond.","translation":"That’s a name that often appears in the history of the Netherlands. The earls of Egmont were one of the most influential families that ever lived in Holland.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"naam","gloss":"name"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"heel","gloss":"whole"},{"text":"veel","gloss":"much"},{"text":"voorkomt","gloss":"to appear, to seem"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"geschiedenis","gloss":"story"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Nederlanden.","gloss":"Nederlanden"},{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"graven","gloss":"a count, counts"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Egmond","gloss":"Egmond"},{"text":"waren","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"wel","gloss":"but"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"meest","gloss":"most"},{"text":"invloedrijke","gloss":"influential"},{"text":"families,","gloss":"family"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"ooit","gloss":"ever"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"Holland","gloss":"Holland"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"gewoond.","gloss":"to live, to dwell"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/dli.nl.b1u09.d.13.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1904,"text":"I. Dialogue for Listening\n\nDLI Dutch Refresher Course (1961), Book I, Lesson 30: Ridders en Kastelen.\n\nThe Dialogue for Listening section is for oral comprehension. The student should follow this section in his text, as he listens to it on tape, until such time as he can dispense with the text and understand everything from the tape alone."}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]}]}