{"course":{"lang":"nl","language":"Dutch","title":"Dutch Conversation-Grammar","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/nl","source":"Valette, Dutch Conversation-Grammar (1913) and its Key (1893); Defense Language Institute, Dutch Refresher Course, Books I to III (1961). Public domain. The teaching pages, the readings' English, the answers to the conversations and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":6,"id":"val.nl.m22-25","title":"Lessons 22 to 25","stage":"Parts of Speech II","situation":"Fabricius en Pyrrhus; Fabricius en Pyrrhus (vervolg); Fabricius en Pyrrhus (vervolg); Fabricius en Pyrrhus (slot)","outcome":"Separable and inseparable compound verbs; Inseparable real compounds; Separable real compounds; Compound verbs with an adjective or a numeral before the noun; Compound verbs with prefixes; Inseparable prefixes: be-, er-, ge-, her-, ont-, ver-; Separable prefixes; Prefixes that are sometimes separabl","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/nl/6","lines":338},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/nl/5","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/nl/7","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/","sections":[{"title":"Lesson 22: Separable and inseparable compound verbs (and 4 more)","teaching":[{"title":"Verbs built from two parts","paragraphs":["A compound verb is a verb made of two parts joined into one word. Opstaan and herhalen are compound verbs.","Some compound verbs are separable. The two parts come apart in a sentence. Opstaan is separable. Ik sta op.","Others are inseparable. The two parts never come apart. Herhalen is inseparable.","The combination of parts or the meaning decides which kind a verb is."]},{"title":"A noun, adjective or adverb joined to a verb","paragraphs":["Some verbs join a noun, an adjective or an adverb to a verb. Waarschuwen and raadplegen are of this kind. These verbs are inseparable.","All of them are weak, even when the simple verb is strong. The past tense and the past participle follow the weak pattern.","Most of them take ge in the past participle: ik heb hem gewaarschuwd. Zij heeft het kind geliefkoosd."]},{"title":"The exception with vol","paragraphs":["Every compound with vol is inseparable too. These verbs take no ge in the past participle.","Voldoen becomes voldaan. Volmaken becomes volmaakt.","The verb list gives the past participle of each verb. Learn the participle with the verb."]},{"title":"Two parts that keep their own meaning","paragraphs":["A compound verb is separable when each part still has its own meaning. Paardrijden, to ride on horseback, is one.","The verb keeps its ordinary conjugation. The first part stands apart: ik rijd paard, ik reed paard.","In the past participle, ge goes before the verb, after the first part: ik heb paardgereden."]},{"title":"Verbs used only in the infinitive","paragraphs":["A few separable verbs are used only in the infinitive. Schoonschrijven and snelschrijven are two. They have no other forms.","To say the same thing in another tense, choose a different expression.","Some expressions look like these verbs but are not compound verbs. Acht geven and plaats grijpen are expressions of two words."]},{"title":"How to tell a compound verb from an expression","paragraphs":["An expression of two words is not a real compound verb. Two tests show the difference.","First, put an adjective or a numeral before the noun. An expression can take one: een hoge prijs stellen, geen acht geven.","Second, compare. The adjective or adverb of an expression can take a degree of comparison: hoger schatten, sneller schrijven.","A real compound verb can do neither. Nobody says geen wel doen or beter keuren."]},{"title":"Three kinds of prefix","paragraphs":["A prefix is a short part placed before a verb to make a new verb.","Some prefixes are always inseparable. Others are always separable. For a few, the meaning decides."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"val.nl.L22.x.1.1","source":"opstaan","translation":"to get up (separable)","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"opstaan","gloss":"to get up (separable)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.x.1.1.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"val.nl.L22.x.1.2","source":"herhalen","translation":"to repeat (inseparable)","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"herhalen","gloss":"to repeat (inseparable)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.x.1.2.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"val.nl.L22.x.2.1","source":"ik heb hem gewaarschuwd","translation":"I have warned him","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"gewaarschuwd","gloss":"to warn"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.x.2.1.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"val.nl.L22.x.2.2","source":"zij heeft het kind geliefkoosd","translation":"she caressed the child","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"kind","gloss":"the child"},{"text":"geliefkoosd","gloss":"to caress"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.x.2.2.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"val.nl.L22.x.3.1","source":"ik heb paardgereden","translation":"I have ridden on horseback","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"paardgereden","gloss":"ridden on horseback"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.x.3.1.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"val.nl.L22.x.3.2","source":"hij heeft de gevangene gevangengenomen","translation":"he took the prisoner captive","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"gevangene","gloss":"to catch"},{"text":"gevangengenomen","gloss":"took captive"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.x.3.2.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"val.nl.L22.x.4.1","source":"hij stelt een hoge prijs op stilte","translation":"he sets a high value on silence","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"stelt","gloss":"stands"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"hoge","gloss":"high"},{"text":"prijs","gloss":"price"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"stilte","gloss":"silence"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.x.4.1.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1001,"text":"Separable and inseparable compound verbs\n\nA compound verb may be separable or inseparable according to the combination or the meaning."},{"section":1002,"text":"Inseparable real compounds\n\nInseparable are the real combinations of a verb with a noun, adjective or adverb, such as: gekscheren to jest, logenstraffen to give the lie, pluimstrijken to flatter, raadplegen to consult, raaskallen to rave, dwarsdrijven to thwart, dwarsbomen to cross, vrijwaren to guarantee, beeldhouwen to sculpture, waarschuwen to warn, doodverven to designate one for (an employment), liefkozen to caress, and all compounds with vol: voldoen to satisfy, volmaken to perfect, and so on. These verbs are all weak, even where the simple verb is strong; they take the syllable ge in the past participle, except those with vol, as: gegekscheerd, gelogenstraft, gepluimstrijkt, geraadpleegd, geraaskald, gedwarsdrijfd, gedwarsboomd, gevrijwaard, gebeeldhouwd, gewaarschuwd, gedoodverfd, geliefkoosd, but voldaan, volmaakt, and so on."},{"section":1003,"text":"Separable real compounds\n\nSeparable are compound verbs of which each part can still be used with its own meaning. The verb keeps its ordinary conjugation, and ge is put before the verb: weldoen to do good, ik doe wel, ik deed wel, ik heb welgedaan; rechtspreken to give a verdict, ik spreek recht, ik sprak recht, ik heb rechtgesproken; paardrijden to ride on horseback, ik rijd paard, ik reed paard, ik heb paardgereden; stuksnijden to cut into pieces, ik snijd stuk, ik sneed stuk, ik heb stukgesneden; gedag zeggen to greet, schaatsenrijden to skate, waarnemen to observe, aderlaten to bleed, gadeslaan to watch, kwijtraken to lose, to get rid of, gelijkstellen to equate, hoogachten to esteem, goedkeuren to approve of, goedvinden to approve, prijsgeven to abandon, goedmaken to repair, gevangennemen to take prisoner, doodslaan to slay, schoonschrijven (schoonschrijver calligrapher), snelschrijven (snelschrijver shorthand writer). Note 1. Schoonschrijven, snelschrijven, hardrijden and harddraven to run a race, hardzeilen to sail before the wind, kroeglopen to frequent public houses, buikspreken (de buikspreker the ventriloquist) and koorddansen to dance on a rope are used in the infinitive only; for the other forms another expression has to be chosen. Note 2. Different from these compound verbs are expressions such as: acht geven and acht slaan to pay attention to, plaats grijpen to take place, prijs stellen to appreciate, hoog schatten to value highly, snel schrijven to write quickly, and so on."},{"section":1004,"text":"Compound verbs with an adjective or a numeral before the noun\n\nSuch expressions can easily be told apart from real compound verbs, because an adjective or a numeral can be put before the noun, and the adjective or adverb takes the degrees of comparison: geen acht geven or slaan, een hoge prijs stellen, hoger schatten, sneller schrijven; but we cannot say geen wel doen or beter keuren."},{"section":1005,"text":"Compound verbs with prefixes\n\nOf the compound verbs with prefixes, some are always inseparable, others are always separable; a few are separable or inseparable according to their meaning."},{"section":1006,"text":"Inseparable prefixes: be-, er-, ge-, her-, ont-, ver-\n\nInseparable compound verbs with prefixes take the accent on the verb; the past participle never has ge. Such are verbs with be- (originally bij): bewenen to mourn over, behandelen to treat, bespotten to mock at, bevriezen to freeze; er-: erlangen to get, erkennen to acknowledge, ervaren to experience, erbarmen over (= ontfermen) to have pity on; ge-: gevoelen to feel, gebruiken to use, zich getroosten to put up with, gelukken to succeed, geraken to attain, to arrive; her-: herroepen to recall, herkrijgen to recover, herleven to revive, hernieuwen to renew, herzien to revise; ont-: ontmoeten to meet, ontkomen to escape, ontgaan to escape one's notice, ontknopen to unravel, ontleden to analyse, ontspannen to unbend, zich ontspannen to relax; ver-: verdrijven to drive away, verjagen to expel, verdragen to bear, verbedden to change beds, verzetten to remove, verlenen to grant, verschenken to pour out, vertellen to tell, verdwalen to lose one's way, vergaan to perish."},{"section":1007,"text":"Separable prefixes\n\nSeparable compound verbs take ge between the prefix and the verb in the past participle; the main stress is on the separable prefix, a lighter stress on the root vowel of the verb. Separable prefixes are: aan at, to; achter behind; af off; bij by; door through; heen away; in in; mee with; om on, about; onder under; op on, upon; over over; samen together; tegen against; terug back; toe to, up; uit out; voor before; weer again; weg away, and so on."},{"section":1008,"text":"Prefixes that are sometimes separable, sometimes inseparable: door, om, onder, voor, mis\n\nCompound verbs with the prefixes door, om, onder, voor and mis are either separable or inseparable. When the prefix and the simple verb are used with their full, original meaning, the compound is separable; when the prefix has lost its original meaning (and with it its stress), the compound is inseparable. Examples: doorreizen to travel through: de vorst reist hier door, doorreizen to travel all over: de vorst doorreist het land; doorsteken to cut open: de vijand stak de dijken door, doorsteken to pierce: de soldaat doorstak zijn vijand; omspannen to change horses: de koetsier spande de paarden om, omspannen to span: de jongens konden de boom niet omspannen; ondergaan to set: de zon gaat onder, ondergaan to undergo, to suffer: straf ondergaan; onderhouden to hold under: hij hield de hond onder water, onderhouden to support: de koning heeft die arme familie onderhouden; voorspellen to spell first: de onderwijzer spelt voor, de kinderen spellen na, voorspellen to predict: de sterrenwichelaar (de astroloog) voorspelt de toekomst uit de sterren; voorzeggen to prompt: deze leerling heeft zijn vriend alles voorgezegd, voorzeggen to foretell: niemand kan voorzeggen wat de toekomst brengen zal; misdoen to do wrong: wij hebben dit misgedaan, misdoen to offend: wat heeft die man misdaan? Misrekenen to miscount: hij heeft misgerekend, misrekenen to miscalculate: hij heeft zich misrekend. Note. Aan in aanbidden to adore may be separated or not, though today aanbidden is usually treated as inseparable: ik aanbid, ik aanbad, ik heb aanbeden."},{"section":2022,"text":"Verbs of this lesson, with their principal parts\n\naanspreken     to address                            ik spreek aan, ik sprak aan, ik heb aangesproken\naanstoten      to push                               ik stoot aan, ik stootte aan, ik heb aangestoten\naantonen       to show                               ik toon aan, ik toonde aan, ik heb aangetoond\nachterblijven  to remain behind                      ik blijf achter, ik bleef achter, ik ben achtergebleven\nachterhouden   to keep back                          ik houd achter, ik hield achter, ik heb achtergehouden\nachterstaan    to be inferior                        ik sta achter, ik stond achter, ik heb achtergestaan\nafdoen         to settle                             ik doe af, ik deed af, ik heb afgedaan\nafdanken       to dismiss                            ik dank af, ik dankte af, ik heb afgedankt\nafkeren        to turn off                           ik keer af, ik keerde af, ik heb afgekeerd\nbijdragen      to contribute                         ik draag bij, ik droeg bij, ik heb bijgedragen\nbijmengen      to mix in                             ik meng bij, ik mengde bij, ik heb bijgemengd\nbijspringen    to assist                             ik spring bij, ik sprong bij, ik heb bijgesprongen\ndoorbrengen    to pass (time)                        ik breng door, ik bracht door, ik heb doorgebracht\ndoorscheuren   to tear                               ik scheur door, ik scheurde door, ik heb doorgescheurd\ndoorspringen   to leap through                       ik spring door, ik sprong door, ik ben doorgesprongen\nheengaan       to go away                            ik ga heen, ik ging heen, ik ben heengegaan\ninbinden       to bind                               ik bind in, ik bond in, ik heb ingebonden\nindienen       to submit                             ik dien in, ik diende in, ik heb ingediend\ninnemen        to take in                            ik neem in, ik nam in, ik heb ingenomen\nmeelopen       to walk along with                    ik loop mee, ik liep mee, ik ben meegelopen\nmeepraten      to have one's say                     ik praat mee, ik praatte mee, ik heb meegepraat\nmeewerken      to cooperate                          ik werk mee, ik werkte mee, ik heb meegewerkt\nombrengen      to kill                               ik breng om, ik bracht om, ik heb omgebracht\nomkomen        to perish                             ik kom om, ik kwam om, ik ben omgekomen\nomlopen        to run about                          ik loop om, ik liep om, ik ben omgelopen\nonderliggen    to be defeated                        ik lig onder, ik lag onder, ik heb ondergelegen\nonderregenen   to be rained on                       het regent onder, het regende onder, het heeft ondergeregend\nondersneeuwen  to be snowed under                    het sneeuwt onder, het sneeuwde onder, het is ondergesneeuwd\nopdagen        to appear                             ik daag op, ik daagde op, ik ben opgedaagd\nopeisen        to demand, to claim                   ik eis op, ik eiste op, ik heb opgeëist\nopgaren        to lay up, to save                    ik gaar op, ik gaarde op, ik heb opgegaard\noverblijven    to remain                             ik blijf over, ik bleef over, ik ben overgebleven\noverboeken     to enter in another book              ik boek over, ik boekte over, ik heb overgeboekt\novermaken      to transmit                           ik maak over, ik maakte over, ik heb overgemaakt\nsamengaan      to go together                        ik ga samen, ik ging samen, ik ben samengegaan\ntegengaan      to prevent                            ik ga tegen, ik ging tegen, ik heb tegengegaan\ntegenhouden    to arrest, to stop                    ik houd tegen, ik hield tegen, ik heb tegengehouden\ntegenwerken    to thwart                             ik werk tegen, ik werkte tegen, ik heb tegengewerkt\nteruggaan      to go back                            ik ga terug, ik ging terug, ik ben teruggegaan\nterugeisen     to claim back                         ik eis terug, ik eiste terug, ik heb teruggeëist\nterugwijzen    to refer                              ik wijs terug, ik wees terug, ik heb teruggewezen\ntoelopen       to run towards                        ik loop toe, ik liep toe, ik ben toegelopen\ntoespreken     to address                            ik spreek toe, ik sprak toe, ik heb toegesproken\ntoetreden      to agree to, to join                  ik treed toe, ik trad toe, ik ben toegetreden\nuitcijferen    to calculate                          ik cijfer uit, ik cijferde uit, ik heb uitgecijferd\nuitdelen       to distribute                         ik deel uit, ik deelde uit, ik heb uitgedeeld\nuitlachen      to laugh at                           ik lach uit, ik lachte uit, ik heb uitgelachen\nvoorbidden     to say grace                          ik bid voor, ik bad voor, ik heb voorgebeden\nvoorgaan       to go in front, to lead               ik ga voor, ik ging voor, ik ben voorgegaan\nvoorlezen      to read aloud                         ik lees voor, ik las voor, ik heb voorgelezen\nweerkomen      to return                             ik kom weer, ik kwam weer, ik ben weergekomen\nweervinden     to find again                         ik vind weer, ik vond weer, ik heb weergevonden\nweerzien       to see again                          ik zie weer, ik zag weer, ik heb weergezien\nwegblijven     to stay away                          ik blijf weg, ik bleef weg, ik ben weggebleven\nwegjagen       to drive away                         ik jaag weg, ik joeg weg, ik heb weggejaagd\nwegwaaien      to be blown away                      ik waai weg, ik woei weg, ik ben weggewaaid\ngekscheren     to jest                               ik gekscheer, ik gekscheerde, ik heb gegekscheerd\nlogenstraffen  to give the lie to                    ik logenstraf, ik logenstrafte, ik heb gelogenstraft\npluimstrijken  to flatter                            ik pluimstrijk, ik pluimstrijkte, ik heb gepluimstrijkt\nraadplegen     to consult                            ik raadpleeg, ik raadpleegde, ik heb geraadpleegd\nraaskallen     to rave                               ik raaskal, ik raaskalde, ik heb geraaskald\ndwarsdrijven   to thwart                             ik dwarsdrijf, ik dwarsdrijfde, ik heb gedwarsdrijfd\ndwarsbomen     to cross, to thwart                   ik dwarsboom, ik dwarsboomde, ik heb gedwarsboomd\nvrijwaren      to guarantee                          ik vrijwaar, ik vrijwaarde, ik heb gevrijwaard\nbeeldhouwen    to sculpture                          ik beeldhouw, ik beeldhouwde, ik heb gebeeldhouwd\nwaarschuwen    to warn                               ik waarschuw, ik waarschuwde, ik heb gewaarschuwd\ndoodverven     to designate one for (an employment)  ik doodverf, ik doodverfde, ik heb gedoodverfd\nliefkozen      to caress                             ik liefkoos, ik liefkoosde, ik heb geliefkoosd\nvoldoen        to satisfy                            ik voldoe, ik voldeed, ik heb voldaan\nvolmaken       to perfect                            ik volmaak, ik volmaakte, ik heb volmaakt"}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 22: Inseparable prefixes: be-, er-, ge-, her-, ont-, ver- (and 2 more)","teaching":[{"title":"Six prefixes that never come apart","paragraphs":["Six prefixes are inseparable: be-, er-, ge-, her-, ont- and ver-. A verb with one of them never comes apart.","Stress is the part of a word you say louder. In these verbs the stress falls on the verb, not on the prefix.","The past participle never takes ge. Verdwalen gives verdwaald.","Examples are bewenen, erkennen, herzien, ontmoeten and vertellen."]},{"title":"Prefixes that come apart","paragraphs":["Many prefixes are separable. They include aan, af, bij, in, mee, op, terug, uit and weg.","The main stress falls on the prefix. A lighter stress falls on the verb.","In the past participle, ge goes between the prefix and the verb: ik heb het boek opgezocht. Wij zijn teruggegaan."]},{"title":"The prefix moves in the sentence","paragraphs":["In the present tense and the past tense, the prefix stands apart from the verb. Ik breng door. Ik bracht door.","The verb list gives three forms of each verb: the present, the past and the past participle. Ik spreek aan, ik sprak aan, ik heb aangesproken."]},{"title":"One prefix, two kinds of verb","paragraphs":["Five prefixes work both ways: door, om, onder, voor and mis. The meaning decides.","When the prefix keeps its full, original meaning, the verb is separable. The stress is on the prefix: de vorst reist hier door.","When the prefix has lost its original meaning, the verb is inseparable. The stress is on the verb: de vorst doorreist het land."]},{"title":"The same spelling, two meanings","paragraphs":["The same written verb can be both kinds. Ondergaan means to set: de zon gaat onder. It also means to undergo: straf ondergaan.","Voorspellen has two meanings too. It means to spell first in the separable use, and to predict in the inseparable use.","Look at the meaning first. Then you know where the stress falls and whether ge appears in the participle."]},{"title":"Verbs of this lesson, with their principal parts","paragraphs":[]}],"lines":[{"number":8,"id":"val.nl.L22.x.6.1","source":"ik ben hem nooit ontkomen","translation":"I have never escaped him","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"ben","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"nooit","gloss":"never"},{"text":"ontkomen","gloss":"escaped"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.x.6.1.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"val.nl.L22.x.6.2","source":"hij heeft zich verdwaald","translation":"he lost his way","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"verdwaald","gloss":"strayed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.x.6.2.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"val.nl.L22.x.7.1","source":"ik heb het boek opgezocht","translation":"I have looked up the book","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"boek","gloss":"book"},{"text":"opgezocht","gloss":"looked up"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.x.7.1.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"val.nl.L22.x.7.2","source":"wij zijn teruggegaan","translation":"we went back","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"teruggegaan","gloss":"to go back"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.x.7.2.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"val.nl.L22.x.8.1","source":"de vorst reist hier door","translation":"the ruler is travelling through here (separable)","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"vorst","gloss":"prince"},{"text":"reist","gloss":"travels"},{"text":"hier","gloss":"here"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.x.8.1.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"val.nl.L22.x.8.2","source":"de vorst doorreist het land","translation":"the ruler travels all over the country (inseparable)","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"vorst","gloss":"prince"},{"text":"doorreist","gloss":"travels all over"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"land","gloss":"land"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.x.8.2.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"val.nl.L22.x.8.3","source":"de zon gaat onder","translation":"the sun sets","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"zon","gloss":"sun"},{"text":"gaat","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"onder","gloss":"under; among"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.x.8.3.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Fabricius en Pyrrhus","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":15,"id":"val.nl.L22.r.0","source":"Fabricius en Pyrrhus","translation":"Fabricius and Pyrrhus","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Fabricius","gloss":"Fabricius"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Pyrrhus","gloss":"Pyrrhus"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.r.0.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"val.nl.L22.r.1","source":"Omstreeks 280 v. Chr. (voor Christus) ging uit Epirus, een gewest van Noord-Griekenland, een machtige koning over de zee: hij heette Pyrrhus en wilde de Romeinen de oorlog aandoen.","translation":"About 280 B.C. a mighty king went out from Epirus, a province of North Greece, across the sea: his name was Pyrrhus, and he wanted to make war on the Romans.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Omstreeks","gloss":"about, around"},{"text":"280","gloss":"280"},{"text":"v.","gloss":"before"},{"text":"Chr.","gloss":"Christ"},{"text":"(voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"Christus)","gloss":"Christus"},{"text":"ging","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"Epirus,","gloss":"Epirus"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"gewest","gloss":"province"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Noord-Griekenland,","gloss":"North Greece"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"machtige","gloss":"powerful"},{"text":"koning","gloss":"king, kings"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"zee:","gloss":"sea"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"heette","gloss":"to be called"},{"text":"Pyrrhus","gloss":"Pyrrhus"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"wilde","gloss":"to want, to wish"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Romeinen","gloss":"Romeinen"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"oorlog","gloss":"to make war against"},{"text":"aandoen.","gloss":"to make war against"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.r.1.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"val.nl.L22.r.2","source":"In de eerste slag overwon hij hoofdzakelijk met behulp van zekere dieren, die de Romeinen met de hoogste verbazing beschouwden; want nog nooit hadden zij zulke dieren gezien.","translation":"In the first battle he was victorious chiefly with the help of certain animals, which the Romans regarded with the greatest astonishment, for they had never yet seen such animals.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"In","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"eerste","gloss":"the former (the first-mentioned)"},{"text":"slag","gloss":"blow"},{"text":"overwon","gloss":"to vanquish"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"hoofdzakelijk","gloss":"chiefly"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with the aid of"},{"text":"behulp","gloss":"with the aid of"},{"text":"van","gloss":"with the aid of"},{"text":"zekere","gloss":"certain"},{"text":"dieren,","gloss":"creatures"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Romeinen","gloss":"Romeinen"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"hoogste","gloss":"highest"},{"text":"verbazing","gloss":"astonishment"},{"text":"beschouwden;","gloss":"to regard"},{"text":"want","gloss":"for, because"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"nooit","gloss":"never"},{"text":"hadden","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"zulke","gloss":"such"},{"text":"dieren","gloss":"creatures"},{"text":"gezien.","gloss":"to see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.r.2.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"val.nl.L22.r.3","source":"Het waren olifanten.","translation":"They were elephants.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"waren","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"olifanten.","gloss":"elephant"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.r.3.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"val.nl.L22.r.4","source":"Op de rug van deze monsterachtige dieren waren houten torentjes bevestigd, waaruit 16 soldaten lansen en pijlen schoten.","translation":"On the backs of these monstrous animals wooden turrets were fastened, out of which sixteen soldiers shot lances and arrows.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"rug","gloss":"back"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"monsterachtige","gloss":"monstrous"},{"text":"dieren","gloss":"creatures"},{"text":"waren","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"houten","gloss":"wooden"},{"text":"torentjes","gloss":"little turrets"},{"text":"bevestigd,","gloss":"to fasten"},{"text":"waaruit","gloss":"from which"},{"text":"16","gloss":"sixteen"},{"text":"soldaten","gloss":"soldiers"},{"text":"lansen","gloss":"lance"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"pijlen","gloss":"arrow"},{"text":"schoten.","gloss":"shot"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.r.4.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"val.nl.L22.r.5","source":"Ook de olifanten zelf, voornamelijk wanneer zij eerst door wonden getergd waren, pakten met hun slurf vijandelijke soldaten, wierpen ze op de grond en verpletterden ze met hun poten.","translation":"The elephants themselves too, especially when they had first been maddened by wounds, seized enemy soldiers with their trunk, threw them on the ground, and crushed them with their feet.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ook","gloss":"also, likewise"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"olifanten","gloss":"elephant"},{"text":"zelf,","gloss":"self"},{"text":"voornamelijk","gloss":"especially"},{"text":"wanneer","gloss":"if"},{"text":"zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"eerst","gloss":"first (of all)"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"wonden","gloss":"wounding"},{"text":"getergd","gloss":"maddened"},{"text":"waren,","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"pakten","gloss":"seized"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"hun","gloss":"them; their"},{"text":"slurf","gloss":"trunk (of an elephant)"},{"text":"vijandelijke","gloss":"hostile, of the enemy"},{"text":"soldaten,","gloss":"soldiers"},{"text":"wierpen","gloss":"to throw"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"grond","gloss":"ground, earth"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"verpletterden","gloss":"to crush, to bruise"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"hun","gloss":"them; their"},{"text":"poten.","gloss":"foot, leg (of an animal)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.r.5.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"val.nl.L22.r.6","source":"In weerwil van het ongewone gezicht en de heimelijke schrik voor deze onbekende vijand, hadden de Romeinen met grote dapperheid tegenstand geboden, en Pyrrhus riep vol bewondering uit: “Met zulke soldaten zou ik de gehele wereld kunnen veroveren.”","translation":"In spite of the unfamiliar sight and the secret fear of this unknown enemy, the Romans had offered resistance with great bravery, and Pyrrhus cried out in admiration: “With such soldiers I could conquer the whole world.”","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"In","gloss":"in spite of"},{"text":"weerwil","gloss":"in spite of"},{"text":"van","gloss":"in spite of"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"ongewone","gloss":"unusual"},{"text":"gezicht","gloss":"sight"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"heimelijke","gloss":"secret"},{"text":"schrik","gloss":"fright, terror"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"onbekende","gloss":"unknown"},{"text":"vijand,","gloss":"enemy"},{"text":"hadden","gloss":"had"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Romeinen","gloss":"Romans"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"grote","gloss":"big, great"},{"text":"dapperheid","gloss":"bravery"},{"text":"tegenstand","gloss":"resistance"},{"text":"geboden,","gloss":"offered"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Pyrrhus","gloss":"Pyrrhus"},{"text":"riep","gloss":"cried"},{"text":"vol","gloss":"full (of)"},{"text":"bewondering","gloss":"admiration"},{"text":"uit:","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"“Met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"zulke","gloss":"such"},{"text":"soldaten","gloss":"soldiers"},{"text":"zou","gloss":"should, would"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"gehele","gloss":"whole"},{"text":"wereld","gloss":"world"},{"text":"kunnen","gloss":"can"},{"text":"veroveren.”","gloss":"to conquer"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.r.6.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"val.nl.L22.r.7","source":"Met zulk een vijand verlangde hij toch vrede te hebben en knoopte onderhandelingen aan.","translation":"Yet with such an enemy he wished to have peace, and he entered into negotiations.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"zulk","gloss":"such"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"vijand","gloss":"enemy"},{"text":"verlangde","gloss":"demanded"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"toch","gloss":"indeed, after all (here: 'I did warn you, after all')"},{"text":"vrede","gloss":"peace"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"knoopte","gloss":"entered into"},{"text":"onderhandelingen","gloss":"negotiation"},{"text":"aan.","gloss":"on, at, to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.r.7.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"val.nl.L22.r.8","source":"Maar de Romeinen, ofschoon overwonnen, verlangden vol trots, dat hij Italië zou ontruimen, anders kon er van vrede geen sprake zijn.","translation":"But the Romans, though defeated, demanded proudly that he should evacuate Italy; otherwise there could be no talk of peace.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Romeinen,","gloss":"Romeinen"},{"text":"ofschoon","gloss":"though"},{"text":"overwonnen,","gloss":"overcome"},{"text":"verlangden","gloss":"demanded"},{"text":"vol","gloss":"full (of)"},{"text":"trots,","gloss":"haughty"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"Italië","gloss":"Italië"},{"text":"zou","gloss":"should, would"},{"text":"ontruimen,","gloss":"to leave, to evacuate"},{"text":"anders","gloss":"otherwise"},{"text":"kon","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"vrede","gloss":"peace"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"sprake","gloss":"mention"},{"text":"zijn.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.r.8.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"val.nl.L22.r.9","source":"En toen Pyrrhus zijn gezant vroeg, hoe hij Rome gevonden had, antwoordde deze: “Waarlijk, Rome kwam mij voor als een grote tempel en de senaat als een verzameling van goden!”","translation":"And when Pyrrhus asked his envoy how he had found Rome, the envoy answered: “Truly, Rome seemed to me like a great temple, and the senate like an assembly of gods!”","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"En","gloss":"and"},{"text":"toen","gloss":"as, when"},{"text":"Pyrrhus","gloss":"Pyrrhus"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his ambassador, the ambassador"},{"text":"gezant","gloss":"his ambassador, the ambassador"},{"text":"vroeg,","gloss":"asked"},{"text":"hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"Rome","gloss":"Rome"},{"text":"gevonden","gloss":"found"},{"text":"had,","gloss":"had"},{"text":"antwoordde","gloss":"answered"},{"text":"deze:","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"“Waarlijk,","gloss":"truly"},{"text":"Rome","gloss":"Rome"},{"text":"kwam","gloss":"came"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"grote","gloss":"big, great"},{"text":"tempel","gloss":"temple"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"senaat","gloss":"senate"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"verzameling","gloss":"collection; gathering"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"goden!”","gloss":"the gods"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.r.9.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"gewest","gloss":"province"},{"word":"Noord-Griekenland","gloss":"North Greece"},{"word":"zee","gloss":"sea"},{"word":"oorlog","gloss":"war"},{"word":"verbazing","gloss":"astonishment, surprise"},{"word":"zulke","gloss":"such"},{"word":"Omstreeks","gloss":"about, around"},{"word":"hoofdzakelijk","gloss":"chiefly"},{"word":"van","gloss":"with the aid of (met behulp van)"},{"word":"van","gloss":"in spite of (in weerwil van)"},{"word":"nooit","gloss":"never"},{"word":"aandoen","gloss":"to make war against (de oorlog aandoen)"},{"word":"(voor","gloss":"it seems to me (het komt mij voor)"},{"word":"rug","gloss":"back"},{"word":"slurf","gloss":"trunk (of an elephant)"},{"word":"grond","gloss":"ground, earth"},{"word":"houten","gloss":"wooden"},{"word":"voornamelijk","gloss":"especially"},{"word":"gezicht","gloss":"sight"},{"word":"schrik","gloss":"fright, terror"},{"word":"vijand","gloss":"enemy"},{"word":"dapperheid","gloss":"bravery"},{"word":"wereld","gloss":"world"},{"word":"vrede","gloss":"peace"},{"word":"trots","gloss":"pride"},{"word":"Italië","gloss":"Italy"},{"word":"gezant","gloss":"his ambassador, the ambassador (zijn gezant)"},{"word":"tempel","gloss":"temple"},{"word":"verzameling","gloss":"collection; gathering"},{"word":"senaat","gloss":"senate"},{"word":"vol","gloss":"full"},{"word":"ofschoon","gloss":"though"},{"word":"tegenstand","gloss":"to resist, to oppose (tegenstand bieden)"},{"word":"veroveren","gloss":"to conquer"},{"word":"ontruimen","gloss":"to leave, to evacuate"},{"word":"zijn","gloss":"there could be no question (er kon geen sprake zijn)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 22: conversation","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"val.nl.L22.c.q1","source":"Is uw vertrek al bepaald?","translation":"Is your departure already fixed?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"vertrek","gloss":"departure"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"bepaald?","gloss":"fixed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.c.q1.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"val.nl.L22.c.q2","source":"Gaat u met een gewone trein of met een sneltrein?","translation":"Are you going by an ordinary train or by an express train?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Gaat","gloss":"goes"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"gewone","gloss":"ordinary"},{"text":"trein","gloss":"train"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"sneltrein?","gloss":"express train"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.c.q2.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"val.nl.L22.c.a1","source":"Ja, ik vertrek aanstaande maandag.","translation":"Yes, I am leaving next Monday.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ja,","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"vertrek","gloss":"departure"},{"text":"aanstaande","gloss":"coming"},{"text":"maandag.","gloss":"maandag"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.c.a1.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"val.nl.L22.c.a2","source":"Met een sneltrein, ik heb geen zin om lang onderweg te blijven.","translation":"By the express train, I have no wish to be a long time on the way.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"sneltrein,","gloss":"express train"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"zin","gloss":"sense"},{"text":"om","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"},{"text":"lang","gloss":"long"},{"text":"onderweg","gloss":"on the way"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"blijven.","gloss":"to remain, stay"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.c.a2.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"val.nl.L22.c.q3","source":"Hoe lang blijft u weg?","translation":"How long will you stay away?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoe","gloss":"how long"},{"text":"lang","gloss":"how long"},{"text":"blijft","gloss":"to remain, stay"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"weg?","gloss":"away; road"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.c.q3.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"val.nl.L22.c.q4","source":"Wilt u mij een dienst bewijzen?","translation":"Will you do me a favor?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wilt","gloss":"want"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"dienst","gloss":"service"},{"text":"bewijzen?","gloss":"to prove; proofs"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.c.q4.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"val.nl.L22.c.a3","source":"Ongeveer veertien dagen.","translation":"About a fortnight.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ongeveer","gloss":"about"},{"text":"veertien","gloss":"fourteen"},{"text":"dagen.","gloss":"days"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.c.a3.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"val.nl.L22.c.a4","source":"Heel graag, als ik daartoe in staat ben.","translation":"Very gladly, if I am able to.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Heel","gloss":"whole"},{"text":"graag,","gloss":"gladly, with pleasure"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"daartoe","gloss":"for it"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"staat","gloss":"stands; state"},{"text":"ben.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.c.a4.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"val.nl.L22.c.q5","source":"Neem dan dit pakje voor mij mee; het is voor onze vriend N.","translation":"Then take this parcel with you for me; it is for our friend N.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Neem","gloss":"to take"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"dit","gloss":"this"},{"text":"pakje","gloss":"parcel"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"mee;","gloss":"along, with"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"onze","gloss":"our"},{"text":"vriend","gloss":"friend"},{"text":"N.","gloss":"No."}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.c.q5.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"val.nl.L22.c.q6","source":"U weet immers in welke straat hij thans woont.","translation":"You know, of course, in which street he now lives.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"U","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"weet","gloss":"to know"},{"text":"immers","gloss":"after all"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"welke","gloss":"which, what"},{"text":"straat","gloss":"street"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"thans","gloss":"now"},{"text":"woont.","gloss":"to live, to dwell"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.c.q6.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"val.nl.L22.c.q7","source":"Vaarwel! Prettige reis.","translation":"Farewell! Pleasant journey.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Vaarwel!","gloss":"farewell"},{"text":"Prettige","gloss":"merry, pleasant"},{"text":"reis.","gloss":"journey"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.c.q7.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"val.nl.L22.c.a5","source":"Heel graag, ik zal tevens uw groeten overbrengen.","translation":"Very gladly, I will also give him your regards.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Heel","gloss":"whole"},{"text":"graag,","gloss":"gladly, with pleasure"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"tevens","gloss":"at the same time"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"groeten","gloss":"greet"},{"text":"overbrengen.","gloss":"conveying"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.c.a5.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"val.nl.L22.c.a6","source":"Ja, in de Kalverstraat, vooraan.","translation":"Yes, in the Kalverstraat, near the beginning.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ja,","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Kalverstraat,","gloss":"Kalverstraat"},{"text":"vooraan.","gloss":"near the beginning"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.c.a6.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"val.nl.L22.c.a7","source":"Ik dank u. Tot weerziens!","translation":"Thank you. Until we meet again!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"dank","gloss":"thanks"},{"text":"u.","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"Tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"weerziens!","gloss":"we meet again"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L22.c.a7.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 23: Adverbs: what they modify (and 3 more)","teaching":[{"title":"What an adverb does","paragraphs":["Adverbs work on three kinds of word: a verb, an adjective or another adverb.","They tell how, where, when, how much and in what order. They also say yes, no, perhaps, or ask a question.","In zij zingt mooi, the word mooi tells how she sings. In hij is thuis, the word thuis tells where he is."]},{"title":"Adjectives that work as adverbs","paragraphs":["Qualifying adverbs come in two kinds.","The first kind is an adjective used as an adverb with no change. Zij is mooi uses mooi as an adjective. Zij zingt mooi uses the same word as an adverb.","These adverbs take degrees of comparison, as adjectives do.","Some words ending in -lijk are real adjectives. They also work as adverbs with no change: eerlijk, honest, and gevaarlijk, dangerous."]},{"title":"Endings that make adverbs","paragraphs":["The second kind is made from a noun or an adjective with an ending: -lijk, -lijks, -lings, -ens, -s, -pjes, -jes, -tjes or -kens.","Dag, day, gives dagelijks, daily. Blind gives blindelings, blindly. Hoogst, highest, gives hoogstens, at most. Zacht, soft, gives zachtjes, softly.","In each entry of the list, look at the plain word first, then the adverb made from it."]},{"title":"One spelling for two jobs","paragraphs":["An adverb like dagelijks and the matching adjective are written the same way. The sentence shows which job the word does.","Dagelijks werk is daily work. Here dagelijks describes the noun werk, so it is an adjective.","Hij komt dagelijks is he comes daily. Here dagelijks describes the verb komt, so it is an adverb."]},{"title":"The -lijk form adds force","paragraphs":["A word that adds to an adjective can be strengthened. For this job Dutch always uses the form ending in -lijk.","Waar means true. Waarlijk means truly. Een waarlijk mooi gezegde is a truly beautiful saying.","Waarlijk adds force to mooi. Without an adjective to strengthen, the plain form serves: hij spreekt waar, he speaks the truth."]}],"lines":[{"number":39,"id":"val.nl.L23.x.2.1","source":"zij zingt mooi","translation":"she sings beautifully","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"zingt","gloss":"to sing"},{"text":"mooi","gloss":"nice, beautiful"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.x.2.1.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"val.nl.L23.x.2.2","source":"hij komt wekelijks","translation":"he comes weekly","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"komt","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"wekelijks","gloss":"weekly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.x.2.2.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"val.nl.L23.x.3.1","source":"dagelijks werk","translation":"daily work (adjective)","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"dagelijks","gloss":"daily"},{"text":"werk","gloss":"work"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.x.3.1.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"val.nl.L23.x.3.2","source":"hij komt dagelijks","translation":"he comes daily (adverb)","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"komt","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"dagelijks","gloss":"daily"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.x.3.2.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"val.nl.L23.x.4.1","source":"hij spreekt waar","translation":"he speaks the truth","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"spreekt","gloss":"to speak"},{"text":"waar","gloss":"where; true"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.x.4.1.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"val.nl.L23.x.4.2","source":"een waarlijk mooi gezegde","translation":"a truly beautiful saying","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"waarlijk","gloss":"truly"},{"text":"mooi","gloss":"nice, beautiful"},{"text":"gezegde","gloss":"saying"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.x.4.2.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1001,"text":"Adverbs: what they modify\n\nAdverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs: they denote manner, place, time, order, motion, number, quantity, quality, affirmation, doubt, negation or interrogation."},{"section":1002,"text":"Qualifying adverbs\n\nQualifying adverbs are: a) adjectives used as adverbs, compare: zij is mooi, zij zingt mooi; b) forms derived from nouns or adjectives ending in -lijk, -lijks, -lings, -ens, -s, -pjes, -jes, -tjes, -kens. Examples. eigen own, eigenlijk properly; krachtig powerful, krachtiglijk powerfully; open open, openlijk openly; oprecht sincere, oprecht sincerely; strikt strict, strikt strictly; waar true, waarlijk truly; zeker sure, zeker surely; dag day, dagelijks daily; jaar year, jaarlijks yearly; maand month, maandelijks monthly; week week, wekelijks weekly; blind blind, blindelings blindly; kort short, kortelings shortly; mond mouth, mondeling verbally; rug back, ruggelings backwards; zijde side, zijdelings sideways; hoogst highest, hoogstens at (the) most; minst least, minstens at (the) least; recht straight, rechts to the right; links left, links to the left; ander other, anders otherwise; lang long, langs along; warm warm, warmpjes warmly; zoet sweet, gentle, zoetjes gently; stil silent, stilletjes silently; zacht soft, zachtjes softly. Note 1. Adjectives used as qualifying adverbs take degrees of comparison, see Lesson 13. Note 2. Some words ending in -lijk are real adjectives and are used as adverbs without changing their form, such as: eerlijk honest, gevaarlijk dangerous, goddelijk divine, heerlijk delightful, lichamelijk physical, ziekelijk sickly."},{"section":1003,"text":"-lijks versus -lijksch: a spelling gone\n\nNote 3. An adverb like dagelijks and the matching adjective are written the same way. Dagelijks werk is daily work (adjective), and hij komt dagelijks is he comes daily (adverb)."},{"section":1004,"text":"Strengthening an adverb with -lijk\n\nNote 4. To strengthen the adverbial meaning of a word modifying an adjective, we always use the form ending in -lijk: hij spreekt waar; een waarlijk mooi gezegde."},{"section":1005,"text":"Word order: the adverb follows the verb\n\nNote 5. Adverbs of manner or of indefinite time are often placed before the verb in English; in Dutch they always follow it: My friend gladly accepted the offer. Mijn vriend nam het aanbod graag aan. He never reads newspapers. Hij leest nooit kranten."},{"section":1006,"text":"Adverbs of place\n\nAdverbs of place: achter behind, af downwards, beneden below, downstairs, binnen inside, buiten outside, out of doors, boven above, over, daar there, dichtbij near, ergens somewhere, ginder or ginds yonder, heen, henen away, heinde en ver far and near, heen en weer to and fro, hier here, links to the left, na, nabij near, close to, nergens nowhere, omhoog aloft, on high, onder below, under, op upwards, up, overal everywhere, rondom all around, thuis at home, ver far off, waar where, wijd en zijd far and wide."},{"section":1007,"text":"Adverbs of time\n\nAdverbs of time: aanstonds directly, af en toe now and then, allengs, allengskens gradually, altijd, altoos, steeds always, dadelijk, terstond immediately, dan then, dikwijls, dikwerf, vaak, vaker often, doorgaans generally, eergisteren the day before yesterday, gedurig continually, gisteren yesterday, heden today, immer always, laat, later late(r), lang long, op zijn laatst at the latest, naderhand afterwards, nimmer never, nog still, yet, nooit never, nu, thans now, nu en dan now and then, occasionally, onlangs the other day, ooit ever, overmorgen the day after tomorrow, sedert since, soms, somtijds sometimes, spoedig soon, straks, strakjes by and by, telkens again and again, tegelijk, tevens at the same time, toen, toenmaals then, uiterlijk outwardly, vervolgens further, voorheen, vroeger formerly, voortdurend continually, wanneer? when?, weldra, dra soon, weleer formerly, zelden seldom, zo-even just now."},{"section":1008,"text":"Adverbs of quantity, comparison, negation\n\nAdverbs of quantity, comparison, negation, and so on: al te too, in het algemeen in general, als, gelijk as, als het ware as it were, althans, ten minste at least, anders else, bijna, bijkans nearly, enigszins somewhat, enkel, louter only, evenzo so, thus, fluks quickly, gaarne willingly, geenszins not at all, geheel en al, helemaal entirely, in het geheel niet not at all, grotelijks greatly, hoe? how?, hoe ... hoe, hoe ... des te the ... the, hoogstens at most, immers, ja indeed, nay, maar, slechts only, misschien perhaps, nauwelijks scarcely, nee no, niet not, om niet, tevergeefs in vain, ronduit plainly, ruggelings backwards, soms perhaps, tamelijk, vrij rather, terloops by the way, verreweg by far, volstrekt absolutely, volstrekt niet by no means, wel is waar it is true, welzeker surely, zeer, ten zeerste much, zelfs even, zo (mogelijk) if (possible), zo (niet) if (not), zodanig so, in such a manner. Hoe langer hoe beter the longer the better. Hoe eer hoe liever the sooner the better. Hoe langer hoe erger worse and worse. Hoe langer hoe meer more and more. Hoe rijker hoe gieriger avarice increases with riches."},{"section":2023,"text":"Verbs of this lesson, with their principal parts\n\nverwerven  to gain, to acquire  ik verwerf, ik verwierf, ik heb verworven\ntoestaan   to grant, to allow   ik sta toe, ik stond toe, ik heb toegestaan"}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 23: Word order: the adverb follows the verb (and 2 more)","teaching":[{"title":"Where the adverb goes","paragraphs":["English often puts an adverb of manner or of indefinite time before the verb: he never reads newspapers.","Dutch puts it after the verb. Hij leest nooit kranten. The verb leest comes first, then nooit.","The same holds for graag, gladly. Mijn vriend nam het aanbod graag aan. The adverb graag follows the verb nam."]},{"title":"Adverbs that answer where","paragraphs":["An adverb of place says where something is or where it goes. The rule is a list. It is for reference.","Each item is one Dutch word followed by its English meaning. Hier means here. Daar means there. Thuis means at home. Overal means everywhere.","Some items pair two words. Heen en weer means to and fro. Wijd en zijd means far and wide. Read each pair as one unit."]},{"title":"Adverbs that answer when","paragraphs":["An adverb of time says when something happens or how often. The rule is a list. It is for reference.","Each item is a Dutch word and its English meaning. Gisteren means yesterday. Overmorgen means the day after tomorrow. Soms means sometimes. Nooit means never.","Some items give several Dutch words for one meaning. Altijd, altoos and steeds all mean always."]}],"lines":[{"number":45,"id":"val.nl.L23.x.5.1","source":"mijn vriend nam het aanbod graag aan","translation":"my friend gladly accepted the offer","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"vriend","gloss":"friend"},{"text":"nam","gloss":"to take"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"aanbod","gloss":"the offer"},{"text":"graag","gloss":"gladly, with pleasure"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.x.5.1.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"val.nl.L23.x.5.2","source":"hij leest nooit kranten","translation":"he never reads newspapers","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"leest","gloss":"to read"},{"text":"nooit","gloss":"never"},{"text":"kranten","gloss":"newspapers"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.x.5.2.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"val.nl.L23.x.6.1","source":"hij is thuis","translation":"he is at home","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"thuis","gloss":"at home"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.x.6.1.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"val.nl.L23.x.6.2","source":"wij zoeken overal","translation":"we are looking everywhere","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"zoeken","gloss":"to try, to seek"},{"text":"overal","gloss":"everywhere"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.x.6.2.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"val.nl.L23.x.7.1","source":"hij komt overmorgen","translation":"he is coming the day after tomorrow","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"komt","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"overmorgen","gloss":"the day after tomorrow"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.x.7.1.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"val.nl.L23.x.7.2","source":"wij zien hem soms","translation":"we sometimes see him","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"zien","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"soms","gloss":"sometimes"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.x.7.2.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 23: Adverbs of quantity, comparison, negation","teaching":[{"title":"Adverbs of degree, doubt and denial","paragraphs":["These adverbs say how much, how alike, or whether something holds. The rule is a list. It is for reference.","Each item is a Dutch word or phrase and its English meaning. Misschien means perhaps. Niet means not. Nee means no.","Some items are phrases. Volstrekt niet means by no means. In het geheel niet means not at all."]},{"title":"Hoe, hoe: the more, the more","paragraphs":["Dutch has a pattern that pairs two comparisons. Hoe langer hoe beter means the longer the better.","The pattern repeats hoe before each part. Hoe langer hoe meer is more and more. Hoe eer hoe liever is the sooner the better."]}],"lines":[{"number":51,"id":"val.nl.L23.x.8.1","source":"hij zal volstrekt niet slagen","translation":"he will by no means succeed","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"volstrekt","gloss":"absolutely"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"slagen","gloss":"succeed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.x.8.1.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"val.nl.L23.x.8.2","source":"hoe eer hoe liever","translation":"the sooner the better","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"eer","gloss":"honor"},{"text":"hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"liever","gloss":"rather"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.x.8.2.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Fabricius en Pyrrhus (vervolg)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":53,"id":"val.nl.L23.r.0","source":"Fabricius en Pyrrhus (vervolg)","translation":"Fabricius and Pyrrhus (continued)","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Fabricius","gloss":"Fabricius"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Pyrrhus","gloss":"Pyrrhus"},{"text":"(vervolg)","gloss":"future"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.r.0.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"val.nl.L23.r.1","source":"Bij deze onderhandelingen kwam ook een Romein als afgezant in het leger van Pyrrhus, met name Fabricius, die zich door zijn rechtschapenheid de algemene achting had verworven.","translation":"In these negotiations there also came a Roman as envoy into Pyrrhus's camp, Fabricius by name, who had won general esteem by his honesty.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"onderhandelingen","gloss":"negotiation"},{"text":"kwam","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"ook","gloss":"also, likewise"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"Romein","gloss":"Romein"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"afgezant","gloss":"envoy"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"leger","gloss":"the army"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Pyrrhus,","gloss":"Pyrrhus"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"name","gloss":"name"},{"text":"Fabricius,","gloss":"Fabricius"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"rechtschapenheid","gloss":"honesty"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"algemene","gloss":"generally, widely"},{"text":"achting","gloss":"respect, regard"},{"text":"had","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"verworven.","gloss":"to gain, to acquire"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.r.1.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"val.nl.L23.r.2","source":"Daar de koning wist, welk aanzien hij in Rome genoot, zocht hij hem te winnen, om door hem de verlangde vrede te bewerken.","translation":"Since the king knew what respect he enjoyed in Rome, he sought to win him over, so as to bring about the desired peace through him.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Daar","gloss":"as, since, because"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"koning","gloss":"king, kings"},{"text":"wist,","gloss":"to know"},{"text":"welk","gloss":"which, what"},{"text":"aanzien","gloss":"respect, standing"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"Rome","gloss":"Rome"},{"text":"genoot,","gloss":"to enjoy"},{"text":"zocht","gloss":"to try, to seek"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"winnen,","gloss":"to win"},{"text":"om","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"verlangde","gloss":"to desire"},{"text":"vrede","gloss":"peace"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"bewerken.","gloss":"to effect, to bring about"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.r.2.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"val.nl.L23.r.3","source":"Hij liet hem daarom alleen tot zich komen en sprak tot hem: “Ik weet, waarde Fabricius, dat u een in de krijg ervaren en deugdzaam man en nochtans arm bent; dat spijt mij.","translation":"He therefore had him come to him alone and said to him: “I know, dear Fabricius, that you are a man experienced in war and virtuous, and yet poor; that grieves me.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"liet","gloss":"let (past)"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"daarom","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"alleen","gloss":"only"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"komen","gloss":"come"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"sprak","gloss":"spoke"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"hem:","gloss":"him"},{"text":"“Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"weet,","gloss":"know"},{"text":"waarde","gloss":"value"},{"text":"Fabricius,","gloss":"Fabricius"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"krijg","gloss":"war (= oorlog)"},{"text":"ervaren","gloss":"experienced"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"deugdzaam","gloss":"virtuous"},{"text":"man","gloss":"man; husband"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"nochtans","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"arm","gloss":"poor, poorer"},{"text":"bent;","gloss":"are"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"spijt","gloss":"I am sorry"},{"text":"mij.","gloss":"I am sorry"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.r.3.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"val.nl.L23.r.4","source":"Sta mij daarom toe, dat ik u van mijn schatten zoveel geef, dat u rijker bent dan de andere senatoren.","translation":"Allow me therefore to give you so much of my treasures that you will be richer than the other senators.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sta","gloss":"stand"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"daarom","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"toe,","gloss":"to"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"schatten","gloss":"treasures"},{"text":"zoveel","gloss":"so much"},{"text":"geef,","gloss":"to give"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"rijker","gloss":"rich, richer"},{"text":"bent","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"andere","gloss":"other"},{"text":"senatoren.","gloss":"senator"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.r.4.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"val.nl.L23.r.5","source":"Want dat is het beste gebruik, dat vorsten van hun rijkdommen kunnen maken, dat zij grote mannen daarmee te hulp komen.","translation":"For that is the best use that princes can make of their riches, that they come to the aid of great men with them.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Want","gloss":"for, because"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"beste","gloss":"best"},{"text":"gebruik,","gloss":"use"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"vorsten","gloss":"princes"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"hun","gloss":"them; their"},{"text":"rijkdommen","gloss":"wealth"},{"text":"kunnen","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"maken,","gloss":"to make (weak)"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"grote","gloss":"big, great"},{"text":"mannen","gloss":"men"},{"text":"daarmee","gloss":"with it"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to assist, to come to the aid of"},{"text":"hulp","gloss":"to assist, to come to the aid of"},{"text":"komen.","gloss":"to assist, to come to the aid of"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.r.5.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"val.nl.L23.r.6","source":"Ik verlang van u daarvoor niets onterends, maar alleen, dat u uw volk tot de vrede raadt.","translation":"I ask nothing dishonorable of you for it, but only that you advise your people toward peace.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"verlang","gloss":"ask"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"daarvoor","gloss":"for it"},{"text":"niets","gloss":"nothing"},{"text":"onterends,","gloss":"discreditable, dishonorable"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"alleen,","gloss":"only"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"volk","gloss":"people"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"vrede","gloss":"peace"},{"text":"raadt.","gloss":"advise"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.r.6.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"val.nl.L23.r.7","source":"Ik heb een deugdzame en trouwe vriend nodig, en u een koning, die u door zijn mildheid in staat stelt, meer goeds dan tot nu toe te stichten.”","translation":"I need a virtuous and faithful friend, and you need a king who, by his generosity, enables you to do more good than you have done up to now.”","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"have"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"deugdzame","gloss":"virtuous"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"trouwe","gloss":"faithful"},{"text":"vriend","gloss":"friend"},{"text":"nodig,","gloss":"needed (nodig hebben: to need)"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"koning,","gloss":"king, kings"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"mildheid","gloss":"generosity, liberality"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"staat","gloss":"stands; state"},{"text":"stelt,","gloss":"stands"},{"text":"meer","gloss":"more"},{"text":"goeds","gloss":"good"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"nu","gloss":"now, at present"},{"text":"toe","gloss":"to"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to (before a verb); at, in (before a place); too"},{"text":"stichten.”","gloss":"to cause"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.r.7.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"val.nl.L23.r.8","source":"Was dat niet keurig gezegd, en aangenaam om te horen?","translation":"Was that not nicely said, and pleasant to hear?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"not so (I beg your pardon)"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not so (I beg your pardon)"},{"text":"keurig","gloss":"nice, exquisite"},{"text":"gezegd,","gloss":"to say"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"aangenaam","gloss":"agreeable, pleasant"},{"text":"om","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"horen?","gloss":"to hear"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.r.8.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"val.nl.L23.r.9","source":"En had de koning zijn doel, om Fabricius om te kopen, niet goed verborgen?","translation":"And had the king not well hidden his purpose of bribing Fabricius?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"En","gloss":"and"},{"text":"had","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"koning","gloss":"king, kings"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"doel,","gloss":"aim, purpose"},{"text":"om","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"},{"text":"Fabricius","gloss":"Fabricius"},{"text":"om","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"kopen,","gloss":"to buy"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"goed","gloss":"good, well"},{"text":"verborgen?","gloss":"hidden"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.r.9.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"val.nl.L23.r.10","source":"En wat zei Fabricius daarop?","translation":"And what did Fabricius say to that?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"En","gloss":"and"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"zei","gloss":"to say"},{"text":"Fabricius","gloss":"Fabricius"},{"text":"daarop?","gloss":"upon it"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.r.10.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"val.nl.L23.r.11","source":"Hij antwoordde: “Ik dank u, waarde koning, voor de goede mening, die u van mij hebt, maar ik wens ook, dat u ze behoudt.","translation":"He answered: “I thank you, dear king, for the good opinion you hold of me, but I also wish that you keep it.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"antwoordde:","gloss":"answered"},{"text":"“Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"dank","gloss":"thanks"},{"text":"u,","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"waarde","gloss":"value"},{"text":"koning,","gloss":"king, kings"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"goede","gloss":"the good, what is good"},{"text":"mening,","gloss":"opinion"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"hebt,","gloss":"have"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"wens","gloss":"to wish"},{"text":"ook,","gloss":"also, likewise"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"behoudt.","gloss":"keep"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.r.11.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"val.nl.L23.r.12","source":"Neem daarom uw geld terug.","translation":"Take your money back for that reason.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Neem","gloss":"to take"},{"text":"daarom","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"geld","gloss":"money"},{"text":"terug.","gloss":"back"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.r.12.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"val.nl.L23.r.13","source":"U hebt volkomen gelijk dat ik arm ben.”","translation":"You are quite right that I am poor.”","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"U","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"hebt","gloss":"have"},{"text":"volkomen","gloss":"fully"},{"text":"gelijk","gloss":"as"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"arm","gloss":"poor, poorer"},{"text":"ben.”","gloss":"am"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.r.13.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"rechtschapenheid","gloss":"honesty"},{"word":"achting","gloss":"esteem"},{"word":"aanzien","gloss":"respect, standing"},{"word":"bewerken","gloss":"to effect, to bring about"},{"word":"aanzien","gloss":"to be highly respected (aanzien genieten)"},{"word":"krijg","gloss":"war (= oorlog)"},{"word":"hulp","gloss":"help"},{"word":"daarom","gloss":"therefore"},{"word":"mij","gloss":"I am sorry (het spijt mij)"},{"word":"komen","gloss":"to assist, to come to the aid of (te hulp komen)"},{"word":"mildheid","gloss":"generosity, liberality"},{"word":"aangenaam","gloss":"agreeable, pleasant"},{"word":"keurig","gloss":"nice, exquisite"},{"word":"nodig","gloss":"to need, to want (nodig hebben)"},{"word":"staat","gloss":"to enable (in staat stellen)"},{"word":"stichten","gloss":"to cause; to do good"},{"word":"doel","gloss":"aim, purpose"},{"word":"mening","gloss":"opinion"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 23: conversation","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":67,"id":"val.nl.L23.c.q1","source":"Hier zijn wij te Amsterdam.","translation":"Here we are in Amsterdam.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hier","gloss":"here"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"Amsterdam.","gloss":"Amsterdam"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.c.q1.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"val.nl.L23.c.q2","source":"Neen, Mijnheer. Zullen wij samen een hotel opzoeken?","translation":"No, Sir. Shall we look for a hotel together?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Neen,","gloss":"no"},{"text":"Mijnheer.","gloss":"sir!; Mr. (as a title before a name)"},{"text":"Zullen","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"samen","gloss":"together"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"hotel","gloss":"hotel"},{"text":"opzoeken?","gloss":"sought"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.c.q2.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"val.nl.L23.c.q3","source":"Is het een duur hotel?","translation":"Is it an expensive hotel?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"duur","gloss":"dear"},{"text":"hotel?","gloss":"hotel"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.c.q3.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"val.nl.L23.c.a1","source":"Bent u hier bekend?","translation":"Are you familiar with it here?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Bent","gloss":"are"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"hier","gloss":"here"},{"text":"bekend?","gloss":"known"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.c.a1.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"val.nl.L23.c.a2","source":"Zeer gaarne. Men heeft mij het hotel X. aanbevolen.","translation":"Very gladly. I have been recommended hotel X.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zeer","gloss":"very"},{"text":"gaarne.","gloss":"gladly"},{"text":"Men","gloss":"one, people"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"hotel","gloss":"hotel"},{"text":"X.","gloss":"X"},{"text":"aanbevolen.","gloss":"recommended"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.c.a2.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"val.nl.L23.c.a3","source":"Dat geloof ik niet.","translation":"I don't think so.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"geloof","gloss":"to believe"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"niet.","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.c.a3.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"val.nl.L23.c.q4","source":"Hebt u koffers bij u?","translation":"Do you have trunks with you?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hebt","gloss":"have"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"koffers","gloss":"trunks"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"u?","gloss":"you (polite)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.c.q4.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"val.nl.L23.c.q5","source":"Zeer goed, ik zal een rijtuig bestellen.","translation":"Very good, I will order a carriage.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zeer","gloss":"very"},{"text":"goed,","gloss":"good, well"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"rijtuig","gloss":"carriage, cab"},{"text":"bestellen.","gloss":"order"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.c.q5.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"val.nl.L23.c.q6","source":"Koetsier, breng ons naar het hotel X.","translation":"Coachman, take us to hotel X.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Koetsier,","gloss":"cabman, driver"},{"text":"breng","gloss":"to pass, to spend (time)"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"hotel","gloss":"hotel"},{"text":"X.","gloss":"X"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.c.q6.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"val.nl.L23.c.a4","source":"Ja, als u het goedvindt, zullen wij een rijtuig nemen.","translation":"Yes, if you don't mind, we'll take a carriage.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ja,","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"goedvindt,","gloss":"approves"},{"text":"zullen","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"rijtuig","gloss":"carriage, cab"},{"text":"nemen.","gloss":"to take"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.c.a4.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"val.nl.L23.c.a5","source":"Intussen zal ik voor de koffers zorgen.","translation":"Meanwhile I will see to the trunks.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Intussen","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"koffers","gloss":"trunks"},{"text":"zorgen.","gloss":"cares"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.c.a5.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"val.nl.L23.c.a6","source":"Zeer goed, meneer!","translation":"Very good, Sir!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zeer","gloss":"very"},{"text":"goed,","gloss":"good, well"},{"text":"meneer!","gloss":"sir, Mr"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.c.a6.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"val.nl.L23.c.q7","source":"Flink doorrijden! Is het ver, waar wij moeten zijn?","translation":"Drive on briskly! Is it far, where we have to be?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Flink","gloss":"plainly"},{"text":"doorrijden!","gloss":"drive on"},{"text":"Is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"ver,","gloss":"far"},{"text":"waar","gloss":"where; true"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"moeten","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"zijn?","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.c.q7.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"val.nl.L23.c.q8","source":"Koetsier, zet die koffers op het rijtuig!","translation":"Coachman, put those trunks on the carriage!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Koetsier,","gloss":"cabman, driver"},{"text":"zet","gloss":"to put, to set"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"koffers","gloss":"trunks"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"rijtuig!","gloss":"carriage, cab"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.c.q8.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"val.nl.L23.c.q9","source":"Is dit het hotel?","translation":"Is this the hotel?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"dit","gloss":"this"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"hotel?","gloss":"hotel"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.c.q9.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"val.nl.L23.c.q10","source":"Hoeveel moeten wij betalen?","translation":"How much do we have to pay?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoeveel","gloss":"how much, how many"},{"text":"moeten","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"betalen?","gloss":"to pay"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.c.q10.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"val.nl.L23.c.a7","source":"Nee, meneer, het is geen tien minuten rijden.","translation":"No, Sir, it is not ten minutes' drive.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nee,","gloss":"no"},{"text":"meneer,","gloss":"sir, Mr"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"tien","gloss":"ten"},{"text":"minuten","gloss":"minutes"},{"text":"rijden.","gloss":"to ride, to drive"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.c.a7.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"val.nl.L23.c.a8","source":"Wilt u de kleine koffer bij u houden?","translation":"Do you want to keep the small trunk with you?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wilt","gloss":"want"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kleine","gloss":"small"},{"text":"koffer","gloss":"trunk"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"houden?","gloss":"to keep"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.c.a8.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"val.nl.L23.c.a9","source":"Ja, heren.","translation":"Yes, gentlemen.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ja,","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"heren.","gloss":"gentleman, lord"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.c.a9.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"val.nl.L23.c.a10","source":"Een gulden, alstublieft.","translation":"One guilder, please.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"gulden,","gloss":"guilders"},{"text":"alstublieft.","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.c.a10.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 23: exercise 49","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":87,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i1","source":"Wij komen morgen.","translation":"We come tomorrow.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"komen","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"morgen.","gloss":"morning"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i1.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i2","source":"U bent altijd welkom.","translation":"You are always welcome.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"U","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"bent","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"altijd","gloss":"always"},{"text":"welkom.","gloss":"welcome"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i2.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i3","source":"Kom alstublieft naar beneden.","translation":"Come down, please!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Kom","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"alstublieft","gloss":"please"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"beneden.","gloss":"below, downstairs"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i3.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i4","source":"Waar is onze hond?","translation":"Where is our dog?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Waar","gloss":"where; true"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"onze","gloss":"our"},{"text":"hond?","gloss":"the dog, dogs"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i4.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i5","source":"Hij is buiten; ik kan hem nergens vinden.","translation":"It is outside; I can find it nowhere.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"buiten;","gloss":"outside"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"kan","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"nergens","gloss":"nowhere"},{"text":"vinden.","gloss":"to find"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i5.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i6","source":"Deze brief is fraai geschreven.","translation":"This letter is beautifully written.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"brief","gloss":"letter"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"fraai","gloss":"nice, beautiful"},{"text":"geschreven.","gloss":"to write"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i6.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i7","source":"Ik ga nooit uit.","translation":"I never go out.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"ga","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"nooit","gloss":"never"},{"text":"uit.","gloss":"out of, from"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i7.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i8","source":"Het paard loopt langzaam.","translation":"The horse goes slowly.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"paard","gloss":"horse"},{"text":"loopt","gloss":"to walk"},{"text":"langzaam.","gloss":"slowly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i8.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i9","source":"Ik was niet thuis.","translation":"I was not at home.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"thuis.","gloss":"at home"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i9.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i10","source":"Hebt u overal gezocht?","translation":"Have you searched everywhere?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hebt","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"overal","gloss":"everywhere"},{"text":"gezocht?","gloss":"to try, to seek"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i10.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i11","source":"Doe alsof u thuis was.","translation":"Make yourself at home.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Doe","gloss":"do"},{"text":"alsof","gloss":"as though"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"thuis","gloss":"at home"},{"text":"was.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i11.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i12","source":"Kende u hem vroeger?","translation":"Did you know him before?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Kende","gloss":"knew"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"vroeger?","gloss":"formerly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i12.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i13","source":"Ja, ik heb hem lang gekend.","translation":"Yes, I have known him long.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ja,","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"lang","gloss":"long"},{"text":"gekend.","gloss":"known"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i13.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i14","source":"Mijn broer zal aanstonds hier zijn.","translation":"My brother will be here directly.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"broer","gloss":"brother"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"aanstonds","gloss":"directly"},{"text":"hier","gloss":"here"},{"text":"zijn.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i14.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i15","source":"Hij was dikwijls in Nederland.","translation":"He was often in the Netherlands.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"dikwijls","gloss":"often"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"Nederland.","gloss":"Nederland"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i15.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i16","source":"Zij zijn eerder aangekomen dan ik.","translation":"They have arrived sooner than I.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"eerder","gloss":"more"},{"text":"aangekomen","gloss":"arrived"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"ik.","gloss":"I"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i16.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i17","source":"Mijn zus is vandaag beter dan gisteren.","translation":"My sister is today better than yesterday.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"zus","gloss":"sister"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"vandaag","gloss":"today"},{"text":"beter","gloss":"better"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"gisteren.","gloss":"yesterday"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i17.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i18","source":"Ga onmiddellijk weg!","translation":"Go away directly!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ga","gloss":"go"},{"text":"onmiddellijk","gloss":"immediate"},{"text":"weg!","gloss":"away; road"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i18.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i19","source":"Het zal mijn oom altijd veel genoegen doen u te zien.","translation":"My uncle will always be glad to see you.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"oom","gloss":"uncle"},{"text":"altijd","gloss":"always"},{"text":"veel","gloss":"much"},{"text":"genoegen","gloss":"pleasure"},{"text":"doen","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"zien.","gloss":"to see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i19.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i20","source":"Kon u niet eerder komen?","translation":"Could you not come earlier?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Kon","gloss":"could"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"eerder","gloss":"more"},{"text":"komen?","gloss":"to come"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i20.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i21","source":"Nee, de trein was te laat.","translation":"No, the train was too late.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nee,","gloss":"no"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"trein","gloss":"train"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"laat.","gloss":"let; late"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i21.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i22","source":"Een volgende keer zal ik hier op tijd zijn.","translation":"Next time I shall be here in time.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"volgende","gloss":"next, following"},{"text":"keer","gloss":"time (an occasion)"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"hier","gloss":"here"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"tijd","gloss":"time"},{"text":"zijn.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i22.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i23","source":"Hebt u onlangs onze vriend gezien?","translation":"Have you seen our friend lately?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hebt","gloss":"have"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"onlangs","gloss":"lately"},{"text":"onze","gloss":"our"},{"text":"vriend","gloss":"friend"},{"text":"gezien?","gloss":"to see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i23.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i24","source":"Ja, ik zag hem onlangs.","translation":"Yes, I saw him the other day.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ja,","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"zag","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"onlangs.","gloss":"lately"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i24.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i25","source":"Ik hoop hem spoedig weer te zien.","translation":"I hope I shall see him again very soon.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"hoop","gloss":"hope"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"spoedig","gloss":"soon"},{"text":"weer","gloss":"again"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"zien.","gloss":"to see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i25.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i26","source":"Ik zie hem nu en dan.","translation":"I see him now and then.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"zie","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"nu","gloss":"now, at present"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"dan.","gloss":"then"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i26.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i27","source":"Hoe eerder u komt, hoe beter voor de kinderen.","translation":"The sooner you come the better it is for the children.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"eerder","gloss":"more"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"komt,","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"beter","gloss":"better"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kinderen.","gloss":"children"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i27.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i28","source":"Hoe langer u bij ons blijft, hoe beter voor onze zaken.","translation":"The longer you stay with us the better it will be for our affairs.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"langer","gloss":"longer"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"blijft,","gloss":"to remain, stay"},{"text":"hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"beter","gloss":"better"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"onze","gloss":"our"},{"text":"zaken.","gloss":"matters"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i28.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i29","source":"Van dag tot dag wordt hij minder.","translation":"He gets worse and worse every day.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"dag","gloss":"day"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"dag","gloss":"day"},{"text":"wordt","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"minder.","gloss":"less"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i29.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i30","source":"Hoe langer hier, hoe later ginds.","translation":"The longer here, the later there.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"langer","gloss":"longer"},{"text":"hier,","gloss":"here"},{"text":"hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"later","gloss":"later"},{"text":"ginds.","gloss":"yonder"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i30.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i31","source":"Loop zachtjes in de slaapkamer.","translation":"Go softly into the bedroom.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Loop","gloss":"walk"},{"text":"zachtjes","gloss":"gentle"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"slaapkamer.","gloss":"bedrooms"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i31.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i32","source":"Spreek zachtjes, iedereen kan ons horen.","translation":"Speak low, every one can hear us.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Spreek","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"zachtjes,","gloss":"gentle"},{"text":"iedereen","gloss":"everyone"},{"text":"kan","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"horen.","gloss":"to hear"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i32.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i33","source":"Klop zachtjes aan de deur, want hij slaapt licht.","translation":"Knock gently at his door, for he sleeps lightly.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Klop","gloss":"knock"},{"text":"zachtjes","gloss":"gentle"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"deur,","gloss":"door"},{"text":"want","gloss":"for, because"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"slaapt","gloss":"to sleep"},{"text":"licht.","gloss":"light"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i33.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i34","source":"Ik ga ieder jaar naar Duitsland.","translation":"I go to Germany every year.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"ga","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"ieder","gloss":"each, every"},{"text":"jaar","gloss":"the year"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"Duitsland.","gloss":"Duitsland"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i34.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i35","source":"Hij bezoekt ons dagelijks.","translation":"He visits us every day.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"bezoekt","gloss":"to visit"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"dagelijks.","gloss":"daily"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i35.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"val.nl.L23.e49.i36","source":"Hij tekent zijn dagelijkse uitgaven aan.","translation":"He notes the daily expenses.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"tekent","gloss":"signed"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"dagelijkse","gloss":"daily"},{"text":"uitgaven","gloss":"expenses"},{"text":"aan.","gloss":"on, at, to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e49.i36.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 23: exercise 50","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":123,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i1","source":"Gaat u al naar boven?","translation":"Are you going upstairs already?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Gaat","gloss":"goes"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"boven?","gloss":"above, over"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i1.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i2","source":"Mijn broer komt naar beneden.","translation":"My brother comes downstairs.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"broer","gloss":"brother"},{"text":"komt","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"beneden.","gloss":"below, downstairs"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i2.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i3","source":"In de winter komt de zon laat op en gaat vroeg onder.","translation":"In winter the sun rises late and sets early.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"In","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"winter","gloss":"winter"},{"text":"komt","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"zon","gloss":"sun"},{"text":"laat","gloss":"let; late"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"gaat","gloss":"goes"},{"text":"vroeg","gloss":"to ask"},{"text":"onder.","gloss":"under; among"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i3.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i4","source":"Mijn brief is beter geschreven dan de uwe.","translation":"My letter is written better than yours.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"brief","gloss":"letter"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"beter","gloss":"better"},{"text":"geschreven","gloss":"to write"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"uwe.","gloss":"your"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i4.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i5","source":"Waar is mijn stok?","translation":"Where is my stick?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Waar","gloss":"where; true"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"stok?","gloss":"stick"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i5.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i6","source":"Ik kan hem nergens vinden.","translation":"I can find it nowhere.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"kan","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"nergens","gloss":"nowhere"},{"text":"vinden.","gloss":"to find"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i6.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i7","source":"U zult hem daar ginds vinden in de hoek.","translation":"You will find it there, in the corner.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"U","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"zult","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"daar","gloss":"as, since, because"},{"text":"ginds","gloss":"yonder"},{"text":"vinden","gloss":"to find"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"hoek.","gloss":"corner"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i7.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i8","source":"Hij komt overmorgen.","translation":"He comes the day after tomorrow.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"komt","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"overmorgen.","gloss":"the day after tomorrow"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i8.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i9","source":"Ik speel graag.","translation":"I like playing.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"speel","gloss":"play"},{"text":"graag.","gloss":"gladly, with pleasure"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i9.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i10","source":"Houdt u meer van dansen?","translation":"Do you like dancing better?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Houdt","gloss":"holds, keeps"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"meer","gloss":"more"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"dansen?","gloss":"to dance"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i10.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i11","source":"Ik houd het meest van wandelen.","translation":"I like walking best.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"houd","gloss":"to keep"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"meest","gloss":"most"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"wandelen.","gloss":"to walk, stroll"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i11.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i12","source":"Wanneer bent u van plan te komen?","translation":"When will you come?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wanneer","gloss":"if"},{"text":"bent","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"plan","gloss":"plan, plans"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"komen?","gloss":"to come"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i12.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i13","source":"Vandaag of morgen.","translation":"Today or tomorrow.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Vandaag","gloss":"today"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"morgen.","gloss":"morning"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i13.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i14","source":"Hij is ten minste driemaal hier geweest.","translation":"He has been here at least three times.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"ten","gloss":"at least"},{"text":"minste","gloss":"at least"},{"text":"driemaal","gloss":"three times"},{"text":"hier","gloss":"here"},{"text":"geweest.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i14.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i15","source":"Dit huis is inderdaad fraai.","translation":"This house is beautiful indeed.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dit","gloss":"this"},{"text":"huis","gloss":"house"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"inderdaad","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"fraai.","gloss":"nice, beautiful"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i15.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i16","source":"Hij zal volstrekt niet slagen.","translation":"He will by no means succeed.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"volstrekt","gloss":"absolutely"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"slagen.","gloss":"succeed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i16.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i17","source":"Hoeveel vraagt u daarvoor?","translation":"How much do you charge for it?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoeveel","gloss":"how much, how many"},{"text":"vraagt","gloss":"to ask"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"daarvoor?","gloss":"for it"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i17.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i18","source":"Het zal u ten hoogste op vijftig gulden komen te staan.","translation":"It will cost you fifty guilders at the utmost.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"ten","gloss":"in"},{"text":"hoogste","gloss":"highest"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"vijftig","gloss":"fifty"},{"text":"gulden","gloss":"guilders"},{"text":"komen","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"staan.","gloss":"to stand"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i18.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i19","source":"Het volgende dorp is ongeveer tien mijlen ver.","translation":"The next village is about ten miles off.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"volgende","gloss":"next, following"},{"text":"dorp","gloss":"village"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"ongeveer","gloss":"about"},{"text":"tien","gloss":"ten"},{"text":"mijlen","gloss":"miles"},{"text":"ver.","gloss":"far"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i19.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i20","source":"Het is niet anders.","translation":"It is not otherwise.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"anders.","gloss":"otherwise"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i20.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i21","source":"Hebt u iets anders nodig?","translation":"Do you want anything else?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hebt","gloss":"have"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"iets","gloss":"something"},{"text":"anders","gloss":"otherwise"},{"text":"nodig?","gloss":"needed (nodig hebben: to need)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i21.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i22","source":"Nee, meneer, ik dank u, voor het ogenblik heb ik niets anders nodig.","translation":"No, Sir, I thank you, at present I want nothing else.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nee,","gloss":"no"},{"text":"meneer,","gloss":"sir, Mr"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"dank","gloss":"thanks"},{"text":"u,","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"ogenblik","gloss":"moment"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"niets","gloss":"nothing"},{"text":"anders","gloss":"otherwise"},{"text":"nodig.","gloss":"needed (nodig hebben: to need)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i22.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i23","source":"Eerst dacht ik dat ik hem kende.","translation":"At first I thought I knew him.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Eerst","gloss":"first (of all)"},{"text":"dacht","gloss":"thought"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"kende.","gloss":"knew"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i23.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i24","source":"Ik denk niet, dat hij het graag zal doen.","translation":"I think he will not like to do it.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"denk","gloss":"think"},{"text":"niet,","gloss":"not"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"graag","gloss":"gladly, with pleasure"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"doen.","gloss":"to do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i24.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i25","source":"Wellicht deed u er beter aan zijn voorstel niet te verwerpen.","translation":"Perhaps you had better not reject his proposal.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wellicht","gloss":"perhaps"},{"text":"deed","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"beter","gloss":"better"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"voorstel","gloss":"proposal"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"verwerpen.","gloss":"reject"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i25.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i26","source":"Hij schrijft minder nauwkeurig dan zijn neef.","translation":"He writes less correctly than his cousin.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"schrijft","gloss":"to write"},{"text":"minder","gloss":"less"},{"text":"nauwkeurig","gloss":"exact(ly)"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"neef.","gloss":"nephew"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i26.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i27","source":"Het is heel vergeefs met zo'n gek te spreken.","translation":"It is quite in vain to talk to such a fool.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"heel","gloss":"whole"},{"text":"vergeefs","gloss":"in vain"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"zo'n","gloss":"such a"},{"text":"gek","gloss":"mad"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"spreken.","gloss":"to speak"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i27.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i28","source":"Wij waren nauwelijks de deur uit, of het begon te regenen.","translation":"We were scarcely out of doors when it began to rain.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"waren","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"nauwelijks","gloss":"scarcely"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"deur","gloss":"door"},{"text":"uit,","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"begon","gloss":"to begin"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"regenen.","gloss":"rained"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i28.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i29","source":"Hij vertelde mij terloops, dat hij zijn portemonnee verloren had.","translation":"He told me by the way that he had lost his purse.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"vertelde","gloss":"told"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"terloops,","gloss":"by the way"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"portemonnee","gloss":"purse, wallet"},{"text":"verloren","gloss":"to lose"},{"text":"had.","gloss":"to have, to have had"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i29.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"val.nl.L23.e50.i30","source":"Hij verklaarde ronduit, dat hij daarvan niets afwist.","translation":"He declared plainly that he knew nothing about it.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"verklaarde","gloss":"to explain"},{"text":"ronduit,","gloss":"plainly"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"daarvan","gloss":"of it"},{"text":"niets","gloss":"nothing"},{"text":"afwist.","gloss":"knew"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L23.e50.i30.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 24: Prepositions: the most usual ones","teaching":[{"title":"The common prepositions","paragraphs":["This list gives the prepositions Dutch uses most. It is for reference.","Each entry is one Dutch preposition and its English meanings. Many words have more than one meaning, because English needs a different word in different places.","Aan means at, on, close to or to. Behalve means except or besides. Tijdens means during.","Each example sentence shows one meaning in use. Hij stond aan de deur means he stood at the door."]},{"title":"Place and time","paragraphs":["Many of these words tell where. Achter is behind: de jongen stond achter een boom. Op is on: het boek ligt op de tafel.","Other words tell when. Na is after. Gedurende and tijdens are during. Sedert and sinds are since.","In can mean in or into. Bent u in de kamer? means are you in the room. Ga in de kamer means go into the room."]},{"title":"Prepositions: the most usual ones","paragraphs":["tussen between; uit out of, from; van of; volgens according to; voor for, vóór before; wegens on account of; zonder without."]}],"lines":[{"number":153,"id":"val.nl.L24.x.1.1","source":"Hij stond aan de deur, aan het raam.","translation":"he stood at the door, at the window","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"stond","gloss":"to stand"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"deur,","gloss":"door"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"raam.","gloss":"window"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.x.1.1.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"val.nl.L24.x.1.2","source":"Beneden de twintig jaar zijn.","translation":"to be under twenty","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Beneden","gloss":"below, downstairs"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"twintig","gloss":"twenty"},{"text":"jaar","gloss":"the year"},{"text":"zijn.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.x.1.2.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"val.nl.L24.x.1.3","source":"Binnen een jaar.","translation":"within a year","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Binnen","gloss":"within"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"jaar.","gloss":"the year"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.x.1.3.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"val.nl.L24.x.1.4","source":"Wij wandelden door de stad.","translation":"we walked through the town","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"wandelden","gloss":"to walk, stroll"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"stad.","gloss":"city, town"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.x.1.4.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"val.nl.L24.x.1.5","source":"Ga in de kamer.","translation":"go into the room","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ga","gloss":"go"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kamer.","gloss":"room"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.x.1.5.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"val.nl.L24.x.1.6","source":"Krachtens de nieuwe wetten.","translation":"in virtue of the new laws","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Krachtens","gloss":"by virtue of"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"nieuwe","gloss":"new"},{"text":"wetten.","gloss":"laws"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.x.1.6.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"val.nl.L24.x.1.7","source":"Na tafel gaan wij uit.","translation":"after dinner we go out","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Na","gloss":"after"},{"text":"tafel","gloss":"table"},{"text":"gaan","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"uit.","gloss":"out of, from"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.x.1.7.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"val.nl.L24.x.1.8","source":"Allen zaten al om de tafel.","translation":"all were already seated round the table","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Allen","gloss":"all"},{"text":"zaten","gloss":"to sit"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"om","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"tafel.","gloss":"table"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.x.1.8.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"val.nl.L24.x.1.9","source":"Wij stonden onder een boom.","translation":"we stood under a tree","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"stonden","gloss":"to stand"},{"text":"onder","gloss":"under; among"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"boom.","gloss":"tree"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.x.1.9.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"val.nl.L24.x.1.10","source":"De legers stonden rondom de vesting.","translation":"the armies were round about the fortress","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"legers","gloss":"army"},{"text":"stonden","gloss":"to stand"},{"text":"rondom","gloss":"around"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"vesting.","gloss":"fortress"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.x.1.10.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"val.nl.L24.x.1.11","source":"Hij is niet thuis.","translation":"he is not at home","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"thuis.","gloss":"at home"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.x.1.11.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"val.nl.L24.x.1.12","source":"Ten huize van.","translation":"at the house of","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ten","gloss":"in"},{"text":"huize","gloss":"house"},{"text":"van.","gloss":"of, from"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.x.1.12.m4a"},{"number":165,"id":"val.nl.L24.x.1.13","source":"Tijdens de opstand.","translation":"during the revolt","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Tijdens","gloss":"during"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"opstand.","gloss":"revolt"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.x.1.13.m4a"},{"number":166,"id":"val.nl.L24.x.1.14","source":"Uit een glas drinken.","translation":"to drink out of a glass","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"glas","gloss":"glass"},{"text":"drinken.","gloss":"to drink"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.x.1.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1001,"text":"Prepositions: the most usual ones\n\nThe most usual prepositions are: aan at, on, close to, to; achter behind; behalve except, besides; beneden under; benevens together with; bij near, with, by; binnen within; boven over, above, across; buiten except, without, outside; door through, by; gedurende during; in in, into; ingevolge on account of; jegens towards, against, to; krachtens in virtue of; langs along; met with; na after; naar to, according to; naast near, by the side of; om at, for, about, round, since; omstreeks about; omtrent about; onder under, among; op on, upon; over over, above, across; rondom round about; sedert or sinds since; tegen against; te to, at, on; tot till, to; tijdens during; trots or ondanks, in weerwil van in spite of; tussen between; uit out of, from; van of; volgens according to; voor for, vóór before; wegens on account of; zonder without.\n\nA few from the list\nHij stond aan de deur, aan het raam.  he stood at the door, at the window\nDe jongen stond achter een boom.      the boy stood behind a tree\nIk heb alle boeken behalve dit.       I have all the books except this one\nBeneden de twintig jaar zijn.         to be under twenty\nDe vader benevens zijn kinderen.      the father together with his children\nHij stond bij u.                      he stood near you\nBinnen een jaar.                      within a year\nBoven het huis.                       over the house\nHet is koud buiten de kamer.          it is cold outside the room\nWij wandelden door de stad.           we walked through the town"},{"section":1002,"text":"Prepositions used as adverbs\n\nAlmost all original prepositions are used in the same form as adverbs. Met, naar, te or tot, and van correspond to the adverbs mee, nader, toe and af."},{"section":1003,"text":"Prepositions govern the accusative, except te\n\nA preposition is followed by the noun in its plain form, without case endings, with the one exception of te, which is still followed by a handful of fixed dative expressions."},{"section":2024,"text":"Verbs of this lesson, with their principal parts\n\nbijstaan      to help         ik sta bij, ik stond bij, ik heb bijgestaan\nzich omkeren  to turn around  ik keer mij om, ik keerde mij om, ik heb mij omgekeerd"}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 24: Prepositions used as adverbs (and 1 more)","teaching":[{"title":"Prepositions without a noun","paragraphs":["Almost every preposition can also be an adverb. It keeps the same form, but no noun follows it.","Four prepositions take a different form as adverbs. Met becomes mee. Naar becomes nader. Te or tot becomes toe. Van becomes af."]},{"title":"The plain noun after a preposition","paragraphs":["After a preposition, the noun takes no case ending. It keeps its plain form: aan de deur, achter een boom, tussen deze twee huizen.","Te is the one exception. A few fixed expressions with te still keep the old dative form. Ter zee means at sea. Ten huize van means at the house of.","Learn each of these expressions as one whole phrase."]}],"lines":[{"number":167,"id":"val.nl.L24.x.3.1","source":"ter zee","translation":"at sea","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ter","gloss":"for the"},{"text":"zee","gloss":"sea"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.x.3.1.m4a"},{"number":168,"id":"val.nl.L24.x.3.2","source":"ten huize van","translation":"at the house of","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ten","gloss":"in"},{"text":"huize","gloss":"house"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.x.3.2.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Fabricius en Pyrrhus (vervolg)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":169,"id":"val.nl.L24.r.0","source":"Fabricius en Pyrrhus (vervolg)","translation":"Fabricius and Pyrrhus (continued)","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Fabricius","gloss":"Fabricius"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Pyrrhus","gloss":"Pyrrhus"},{"text":"(vervolg)","gloss":"future"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.r.0.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"val.nl.L24.r.1","source":"“Ik heb een kleine akker en een huisje en leef niet van renten en slavenarbeid; maar toch ben ik gelukkig, want ik word door mijn medeburgers geacht en ga met de rijksten en aanzienlijksten als mijn gelijken om.","translation":"“I have a small field and a cottage and do not live on rents and the labor of slaves; but still I am happy, for I am esteemed by my fellow citizens and associate with the richest and most distinguished as my equals.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"“Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"have"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"kleine","gloss":"small"},{"text":"akker","gloss":"field"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"huisje","gloss":"little house"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"leef","gloss":"live"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"renten","gloss":"rents"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"slavenarbeid;","gloss":"the labor of slaves"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"toch","gloss":"indeed, after all (here: 'I did warn you, after all')"},{"text":"ben","gloss":"am"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"gelukkig,","gloss":"happy, unhappy"},{"text":"want","gloss":"for, because"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"word","gloss":"become, am (passive)"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"medeburgers","gloss":"fellow citizens"},{"text":"geacht","gloss":"considered"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ga","gloss":"go"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"rijksten","gloss":"richest"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"aanzienlijksten","gloss":"most distinguished"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"gelijken","gloss":"to resemble"},{"text":"om.","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.r.1.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"val.nl.L24.r.2","source":"Mijn akker geeft mij het noodzakelijke.","translation":"My field gives me what is necessary.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"akker","gloss":"field"},{"text":"geeft","gloss":"to give"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"noodzakelijke.","gloss":"necessary"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.r.2.m4a"},{"number":172,"id":"val.nl.L24.r.3","source":"Iedere spijs smaakt mij, omdat de honger haar gekruid heeft, en na de arbeid beloont mij een geruste slaap.","translation":"Every dish tastes good to me, because hunger has seasoned it, and after work a peaceful sleep rewards me.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Iedere","gloss":"each, every"},{"text":"spijs","gloss":"food, dish"},{"text":"smaakt","gloss":"to taste (well)"},{"text":"mij,","gloss":"me"},{"text":"omdat","gloss":"because"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"honger","gloss":"hunger"},{"text":"haar","gloss":"her"},{"text":"gekruid","gloss":"to wheel"},{"text":"heeft,","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"na","gloss":"after"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"arbeid","gloss":"labor"},{"text":"beloont","gloss":"rewards"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"geruste","gloss":"peaceful"},{"text":"slaap.","gloss":"sleep"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.r.3.m4a"},{"number":173,"id":"val.nl.L24.r.4","source":"Wel is waar kan ik geen behoeftigen bijstaan; maar ik geef van het weinige dat ik heb, graag zoveel als ik vermag.","translation":"It is true I cannot help the needy; but I gladly give as much as I am able of the little that I have.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wel","gloss":"but"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"waar","gloss":"where; true"},{"text":"kan","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"behoeftigen","gloss":"needy"},{"text":"bijstaan;","gloss":"to help"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"geef","gloss":"to give"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"weinige","gloss":"a few"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"heb,","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"graag","gloss":"gladly, with pleasure"},{"text":"zoveel","gloss":"so much"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"vermag.","gloss":"am able"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.r.4.m4a"},{"number":174,"id":"val.nl.L24.r.5","source":"Ik heb dikwijls gelegenheid gehad, als consul rijkdommen te verzamelen, zonder misdadig te handelen; maar ik maakte liever mijn soldaten rijk en bleef zelf arm, omdat ik mij dan gelukkig voelde.","translation":"I have often had the opportunity, as consul, to gather riches without acting criminally; but I preferred to make my soldiers rich and to remain poor myself, because that made me feel happy.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"dikwijls","gloss":"often"},{"text":"gelegenheid","gloss":"occasion, opportunity"},{"text":"gehad,","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"consul","gloss":"consul"},{"text":"rijkdommen","gloss":"riches, wealth"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"verzamelen,","gloss":"to gather, to collect"},{"text":"zonder","gloss":"without"},{"text":"misdadig","gloss":"criminal"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"handelen;","gloss":"deal"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"maakte","gloss":"to make (weak)"},{"text":"liever","gloss":"rather"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"soldaten","gloss":"soldiers"},{"text":"rijk","gloss":"rich, richer"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"bleef","gloss":"to remain, stay"},{"text":"zelf","gloss":"self"},{"text":"arm,","gloss":"poor, poorer"},{"text":"omdat","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"gelukkig","gloss":"happy, unhappy"},{"text":"voelde.","gloss":"felt"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.r.5.m4a"},{"number":175,"id":"val.nl.L24.r.6","source":"Behoud dus uw geld, en ik wil mijn armoede en mijn goede naam behouden.”","translation":"Keep your money, then, and I wish to keep my poverty and my good name.”","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Behoud","gloss":"keep"},{"text":"dus","gloss":"so"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"geld,","gloss":"money"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"wil","gloss":"want"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"armoede","gloss":"poverty"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"goede","gloss":"the good, what is good"},{"text":"naam","gloss":"name"},{"text":"behouden.”","gloss":"to keep, to preserve"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.r.6.m4a"},{"number":176,"id":"val.nl.L24.r.7","source":"De koning hoorde niet zonder stille ergernis, maar toch ook niet zonder bewondering het manhaftige en trotse antwoord.","translation":"The king heard the manly and proud answer not without quiet annoyance, yet also not without admiration.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"koning","gloss":"king, kings"},{"text":"hoorde","gloss":"to hear"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"zonder","gloss":"without"},{"text":"stille","gloss":"hush! quiet!"},{"text":"ergernis,","gloss":"vexation, annoyance"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"toch","gloss":"indeed, after all (here: 'I did warn you, after all')"},{"text":"ook","gloss":"also, likewise"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"zonder","gloss":"without"},{"text":"bewondering","gloss":"admiration"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"manhaftige","gloss":"manly"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"trotse","gloss":"haughty"},{"text":"antwoord.","gloss":"answer"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.r.7.m4a"},{"number":177,"id":"val.nl.L24.r.8","source":"Hij besloot te proberen of vrees even weinig macht over dit Romeinse karakter had als de prikkel van het goud.","translation":"He decided to try whether fear had as little power over this Roman character as the lure of gold.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"besloot","gloss":"resolved"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"proberen","gloss":"to try"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"vrees","gloss":"fear"},{"text":"even","gloss":"a moment, just"},{"text":"weinig","gloss":"little, few"},{"text":"macht","gloss":"power"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"dit","gloss":"this"},{"text":"Romeinse","gloss":"Roman"},{"text":"karakter","gloss":"character"},{"text":"had","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"prikkel","gloss":"stimulus, lure"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"goud.","gloss":"gold"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.r.8.m4a"},{"number":178,"id":"val.nl.L24.r.9","source":"De volgende dag liet hij daarom zijn grootste olifant achter een gordijn plaatsen en zorgde dat Fabricius vlak daarvoor zijn plaats kreeg.","translation":"The next day he therefore had his largest elephant placed behind a curtain and arranged for Fabricius to have his seat just in front of it.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"volgende","gloss":"next, following"},{"text":"dag","gloss":"day"},{"text":"liet","gloss":"to let"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"daarom","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"grootste","gloss":"greatest"},{"text":"olifant","gloss":"elephant"},{"text":"achter","gloss":"behind"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"gordijn","gloss":"curtain"},{"text":"plaatsen","gloss":"to put, to place"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"zorgde","gloss":"took care"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"Fabricius","gloss":"Fabricius"},{"text":"vlak","gloss":"just (in front of it)"},{"text":"daarvoor","gloss":"for it"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"plaats","gloss":"place"},{"text":"kreeg.","gloss":"to get; honger krijgen: to become hungry"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.r.9.m4a"},{"number":179,"id":"val.nl.L24.r.10","source":"Pyrrhus sprak luid en wrevelig; toen ging snel het gordijn op, en brullend stak de olifant zijn verbazende kop met de grote slurf over Fabricius been.","translation":"Pyrrhus spoke loudly and peevishly; then the curtain quickly went up, and roaring, the elephant thrust its enormous head with its great trunk over Fabricius's leg.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Pyrrhus","gloss":"Pyrrhus"},{"text":"sprak","gloss":"to speak"},{"text":"luid","gloss":"loud(ly)"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"wrevelig;","gloss":"peevish(ly)"},{"text":"toen","gloss":"as, when"},{"text":"ging","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"snel","gloss":"quickly"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"gordijn","gloss":"curtain"},{"text":"op,","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"brullend","gloss":"to roar"},{"text":"stak","gloss":"to sting, to put"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"olifant","gloss":"elephant"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"verbazende","gloss":"enormous"},{"text":"kop","gloss":"head"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"grote","gloss":"big, great"},{"text":"slurf","gloss":"trunk (of an elephant)"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"Fabricius","gloss":"Fabricius"},{"text":"been.","gloss":"leg"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.r.10.m4a"},{"number":180,"id":"val.nl.L24.r.11","source":"Maar Fabricius keerde zich onverschrokken om, keek het dier van boven tot beneden aan en sprak toen bedaard: “Evenzo weinig als uw geld mij gisteren heeft verleid, schrikt uw olifant mij vandaag af.”","translation":"But Fabricius turned around undaunted, looked the animal up and down, and then said calmly: “Just as little as your money tempted me yesterday, does your elephant frighten me today.”","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"Fabricius","gloss":"Fabricius"},{"text":"keerde","gloss":"turned"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"onverschrokken","gloss":"undaunted"},{"text":"om,","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"},{"text":"keek","gloss":"looked"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"dier","gloss":"animal"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"boven","gloss":"above, over"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"beneden","gloss":"below, downstairs"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"sprak","gloss":"spoke"},{"text":"toen","gloss":"as, when"},{"text":"bedaard:","gloss":"composed"},{"text":"“Evenzo","gloss":"just as"},{"text":"weinig","gloss":"little, few"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"geld","gloss":"money"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"gisteren","gloss":"yesterday"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"has"},{"text":"verleid,","gloss":"tempted"},{"text":"schrikt","gloss":"takes fright"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"olifant","gloss":"elephant"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"vandaag","gloss":"today"},{"text":"af.”","gloss":"off"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.r.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"akker","gloss":"field"},{"word":"slavenarbeid","gloss":"the labor of slaves"},{"word":"medeburgers","gloss":"fellow citizens"},{"word":"spijs","gloss":"food, dish"},{"word":"slaap","gloss":"sleep"},{"word":"gelegenheid","gloss":"opportunity"},{"word":"consul","gloss":"consul"},{"word":"misdadig","gloss":"criminal"},{"word":"bijstaan","gloss":"to help"},{"word":"verzamelen","gloss":"to gather, to collect"},{"word":"armoede","gloss":"poverty"},{"word":"ergernis","gloss":"vexation, annoyance"},{"word":"vrees","gloss":"fear"},{"word":"karakter","gloss":"character"},{"word":"prikkel","gloss":"stimulus, lure"},{"word":"behouden","gloss":"to keep, to preserve"},{"word":"proberen","gloss":"to try"},{"word":"gordijn","gloss":"curtain"},{"word":"slurf","gloss":"trunk"},{"word":"vlak","gloss":"just (in front of it)"},{"word":"luid","gloss":"loud(ly)"},{"word":"wrevelig","gloss":"peevish(ly)"},{"word":"onverschrokken","gloss":"undaunted"},{"word":"zich","gloss":"to feel (zich voelen)"},{"word":"zich","gloss":"to turn around (zich omkeren)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 24: conversation","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":181,"id":"val.nl.L24.c.q1","source":"Laten we thans de stad eens bekijken!","translation":"Let us now have a look at the city!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Laten","gloss":"to let"},{"text":"we","gloss":"we"},{"text":"thans","gloss":"now"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"stad","gloss":"city, town"},{"text":"eens","gloss":"once, one day"},{"text":"bekijken!","gloss":"looked over"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.c.q1.m4a"},{"number":182,"id":"val.nl.L24.c.q2","source":"Volgens mij moeten we eerst naar het Rijksmuseum gaan.","translation":"I think we should go to the Rijksmuseum first.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Volgens","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"moeten","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"we","gloss":"we"},{"text":"eerst","gloss":"first (of all)"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"Rijksmuseum","gloss":"Rijksmuseum"},{"text":"gaan.","gloss":"to go"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.c.q2.m4a"},{"number":183,"id":"val.nl.L24.c.a1","source":"Waar wilt u het eerst naartoe?","translation":"Where do you want to go first?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Waar","gloss":"where; true"},{"text":"wilt","gloss":"to want, to wish"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"eerst","gloss":"first (of all)"},{"text":"naartoe?","gloss":"to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.c.a1.m4a"},{"number":184,"id":"val.nl.L24.c.a2","source":"Zeer goed, als u er maar niet al te lang blijft.","translation":"Very good, as long as you don't stay too long there.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zeer","gloss":"very"},{"text":"goed,","gloss":"good, well"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"lang","gloss":"long"},{"text":"blijft.","gloss":"to remain, stay"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.c.a2.m4a"},{"number":185,"id":"val.nl.L24.c.q3","source":"Niet langer dan u zelf goedvindt, het moet altijd een ontspanning blijven.","translation":"Not longer than you think fit yourself, it must always remain a recreation.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"langer","gloss":"longer"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"zelf","gloss":"self"},{"text":"goedvindt,","gloss":"approves"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"moet","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"altijd","gloss":"always"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"ontspanning","gloss":"recreation"},{"text":"blijven.","gloss":"to remain, stay"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.c.q3.m4a"},{"number":186,"id":"val.nl.L24.c.q4","source":"Waar zullen we later naartoe gaan?","translation":"Where shall we go afterwards?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Waar","gloss":"where; true"},{"text":"zullen","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"we","gloss":"we"},{"text":"later","gloss":"later"},{"text":"naartoe","gloss":"to"},{"text":"gaan?","gloss":"to go"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.c.q4.m4a"},{"number":187,"id":"val.nl.L24.c.q5","source":"Wij moeten zorgen voor een uur terug te zijn.","translation":"We must see that we are back within an hour.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"moeten","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"zorgen","gloss":"cares"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"uur","gloss":"hour"},{"text":"terug","gloss":"back"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"zijn.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.c.q5.m4a"},{"number":188,"id":"val.nl.L24.c.q6","source":"Hebt u dan onze afspraak van gisteren al vergeten?","translation":"Have you then already forgotten our agreement of yesterday?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hebt","gloss":"have"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"onze","gloss":"our"},{"text":"afspraak","gloss":"arrangement"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"gisteren","gloss":"yesterday"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"vergeten?","gloss":"to forget"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.c.q6.m4a"},{"number":189,"id":"val.nl.L24.c.a3","source":"Zo denk ik er ook over, en ik vind niets zo vermoeiend als het bezoeken van musea.","translation":"That's how I see it too, and I find nothing so tiring as visiting museums.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"denk","gloss":"think"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"ook","gloss":"also, likewise"},{"text":"over,","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"vind","gloss":"to find"},{"text":"niets","gloss":"nothing"},{"text":"zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"vermoeiend","gloss":"wearisome"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"bezoeken","gloss":"to visit"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"musea.","gloss":"museums"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.c.a3.m4a"},{"number":190,"id":"val.nl.L24.c.a4","source":"Het liefst naar de dierentuin, daar is het koel.","translation":"Preferably to the zoo, it's cool there.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"liefst","gloss":"preferably"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"dierentuin,","gloss":"zoo"},{"text":"daar","gloss":"as, since, because"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"koel.","gloss":"cool"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.c.a4.m4a"},{"number":191,"id":"val.nl.L24.c.a5","source":"Ik wist niet, dat wij aan enige tijd gebonden waren.","translation":"I did not know we were tied to any particular time.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"wist","gloss":"to know"},{"text":"niet,","gloss":"not"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"enige","gloss":"only (het enige: the only thing)"},{"text":"tijd","gloss":"time"},{"text":"gebonden","gloss":"to bind"},{"text":"waren.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.c.a5.m4a"},{"number":192,"id":"val.nl.L24.c.a6","source":"O ja, nu herinner ik het mij. N. zou om een uur aan ons hotel zijn.","translation":"Oh yes, now I remember. N. was to be at our hotel at one o'clock.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"O","gloss":"oh"},{"text":"ja,","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"nu","gloss":"now, at present"},{"text":"herinner","gloss":"to remember"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"mij.","gloss":"me"},{"text":"N.","gloss":"No."},{"text":"zou","gloss":"should, would"},{"text":"om","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"uur","gloss":"hour"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"hotel","gloss":"hotel"},{"text":"zijn.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.c.a6.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 24: exercise 51","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":193,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i1","source":"Hij legde zijn vinger op haar mond.","translation":"He laid his finger upon her mouth.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"legde","gloss":"to lay"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his finger"},{"text":"vinger","gloss":"his finger"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on her mouth"},{"text":"haar","gloss":"on her mouth"},{"text":"mond.","gloss":"on her mouth"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i1.m4a"},{"number":194,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i2","source":"De koning reisde door de Nederlanden naar Hanover.","translation":"The king travelled through the Netherlands to Hanover.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"koning","gloss":"king, kings"},{"text":"reisde","gloss":"travels"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Nederlanden","gloss":"Nederlanden"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"Hanover.","gloss":"Hanover"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i2.m4a"},{"number":195,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i3","source":"Hij wenste een ei voor zijn ontbijt.","translation":"He wished an egg for his breakfast.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"wenste","gloss":"to wish"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"ei","gloss":"egg, eggs"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his breakfast"},{"text":"ontbijt.","gloss":"his breakfast"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i3.m4a"},{"number":196,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i4","source":"Hij zette alles op één rekening.","translation":"He put all upon one bill.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"zette","gloss":"to put, to set"},{"text":"alles","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"één","gloss":"one"},{"text":"rekening.","gloss":"the bill"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i4.m4a"},{"number":197,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i5","source":"De krekel wendde zich tot de mier.","translation":"The cricket applied to the ant.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"krekel","gloss":"cricket"},{"text":"wendde","gloss":"turned"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"mier.","gloss":"ant"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i5.m4a"},{"number":198,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i6","source":"Wat hebt u gedurende de zomer gedaan?","translation":"What have you done during the summer?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"hebt","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"gedurende","gloss":"during"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"zomer","gloss":"summer"},{"text":"gedaan?","gloss":"to do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i6.m4a"},{"number":199,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i7","source":"De gierigaard vond een steen in plaats van zijn schat.","translation":"The miser found a stone instead of his treasure.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"gierigaard","gloss":"miser"},{"text":"vond","gloss":"to find"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"steen","gloss":"stone"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"plaats","gloss":"place"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"schat.","gloss":"treasure"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i7.m4a"},{"number":200,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i8","source":"Zij twistten met een jonge edelman.","translation":"They quarrelled with a young nobleman.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"twistten","gloss":"quarrelled"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"jonge","gloss":"young"},{"text":"edelman.","gloss":"nobleman"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i8.m4a"},{"number":201,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i9","source":"Ga met mij het huis uit.","translation":"Go with me out of the house.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ga","gloss":"go"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"huis","gloss":"house"},{"text":"uit.","gloss":"out of, from"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i9.m4a"},{"number":202,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i10","source":"De hond zwom over de rivier.","translation":"The dog swam across a river.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"hond","gloss":"the dog, dogs"},{"text":"zwom","gloss":"to swim"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"rivier.","gloss":"river"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i10.m4a"},{"number":203,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i11","source":"Hij zag de andere hond zonder het vlees.","translation":"He saw the other dog without the meat.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"zag","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"andere","gloss":"other"},{"text":"hond","gloss":"the dog, dogs"},{"text":"zonder","gloss":"without"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"vlees.","gloss":"meat"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i11.m4a"},{"number":204,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i12","source":"Dit boek is voor uw broer.","translation":"This book is for your brother.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dit","gloss":"this"},{"text":"boek","gloss":"book"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"broer.","gloss":"brother"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i12.m4a"},{"number":205,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i13","source":"Zwem niet tegen de stroom in.","translation":"Do not swim against the stream.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zwem","gloss":"to swim"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"tegen","gloss":"against; to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"stroom","gloss":"stream"},{"text":"in.","gloss":"in"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i13.m4a"},{"number":206,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i14","source":"Wie heeft mijn portemonnee uit mijn zak genomen?","translation":"Who has taken my purse out of my pocket?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wie","gloss":"who"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"portemonnee","gloss":"purse, wallet"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"zak","gloss":"pocket"},{"text":"genomen?","gloss":"to take"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i14.m4a"},{"number":207,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i15","source":"Ik zou graag naar Frankrijk gaan.","translation":"I should like to go to France.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"zou","gloss":"should, would"},{"text":"graag","gloss":"gladly, with pleasure"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"Frankrijk","gloss":"Frankrijk"},{"text":"gaan.","gloss":"to go"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i15.m4a"},{"number":208,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i16","source":"Hij zal binnen de volgende week vertrekken.","translation":"He will depart within the next week.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"binnen","gloss":"within"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"volgende","gloss":"next, following"},{"text":"week","gloss":"week"},{"text":"vertrekken.","gloss":"depart"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i16.m4a"},{"number":209,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i17","source":"Neem uw paraplu in plaats van uw stok.","translation":"Take your umbrella instead of your stick.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Neem","gloss":"to take"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"paraplu","gloss":"umbrella"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"plaats","gloss":"place"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"stok.","gloss":"stick"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i17.m4a"},{"number":210,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i18","source":"Ik ging naar Duitsland wegens mijn gezondheid.","translation":"I went to Germany on account of my health.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"ging","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"Duitsland","gloss":"Duitsland"},{"text":"wegens","gloss":"on account of, because of"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"gezondheid.","gloss":"health"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i18.m4a"},{"number":211,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i19","source":"De plantentuin ligt buiten de stad.","translation":"The Botanical gardens are outside the town.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"plantentuin","gloss":"botanical gardens"},{"text":"ligt","gloss":"to lie (be situated)"},{"text":"buiten","gloss":"outside"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"stad.","gloss":"city, town"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i19.m4a"},{"number":212,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i20","source":"Wij verkregen het verlof door de invloed van een generaal.","translation":"We obtained the permission by means of the influence of a general.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"verkregen","gloss":"came by"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"verlof","gloss":"leave"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"invloed","gloss":"influence"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"generaal.","gloss":"general"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i20.m4a"},{"number":213,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i21","source":"Hij maakt een wandeling ondanks het slechte weer.","translation":"He takes a walk notwithstanding the bad weather.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"maakt","gloss":"to make (weak)"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"wandeling","gloss":"walk"},{"text":"ondanks","gloss":"in spite of"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"slechte","gloss":"bad"},{"text":"weer.","gloss":"again"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i21.m4a"},{"number":214,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i22","source":"Hij is nog altijd rijk ondanks zijn grote verlies.","translation":"He is still rich in spite of his great loss.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"altijd","gloss":"always"},{"text":"rijk","gloss":"rich, richer"},{"text":"ondanks","gloss":"in spite of"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"grote","gloss":"big, great"},{"text":"verlies.","gloss":"loss"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i22.m4a"},{"number":215,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i23","source":"Wie klopt er aan de deur?","translation":"Who knocks at the door?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wie","gloss":"who"},{"text":"klopt","gloss":"knocked"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"deur?","gloss":"door"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i23.m4a"},{"number":216,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i24","source":"Zet de bloempot vóór mijn raam.","translation":"Put the flower-pot before my window.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zet","gloss":"to put, to set"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"bloempot","gloss":"flower-pot"},{"text":"vóór","gloss":"before"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"raam.","gloss":"window"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i24.m4a"},{"number":217,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i25","source":"Aan wie schreef u een brief?","translation":"To whom did you write a letter?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"wie","gloss":"who"},{"text":"schreef","gloss":"to write"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"brief?","gloss":"letter"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i25.m4a"},{"number":218,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i26","source":"Wie legde dit boek op mijn tafel?","translation":"Who laid this book on my table?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wie","gloss":"who"},{"text":"legde","gloss":"to lay"},{"text":"dit","gloss":"this"},{"text":"boek","gloss":"book"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"tafel?","gloss":"table"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i26.m4a"},{"number":219,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i27","source":"De jongens stonden aan de deur van de school en keken naar de vogels.","translation":"The boys stood at the door of the school and looked after the birds.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"jongens","gloss":"boys"},{"text":"stonden","gloss":"to stand"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"deur","gloss":"door"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"school","gloss":"school"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"keken","gloss":"to look"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"vogels.","gloss":"birds"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i27.m4a"},{"number":220,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i28","source":"Deze oude man is boven de tachtig jaar oud.","translation":"This old man is above eighty years old.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"oude","gloss":"old"},{"text":"man","gloss":"man; husband"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"boven","gloss":"above, over"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"tachtig","gloss":"eighty"},{"text":"jaar","gloss":"the year"},{"text":"oud.","gloss":"old"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i28.m4a"},{"number":221,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i29","source":"Op bevel van de keizer moesten de troepen oprukken.","translation":"According to the emperor's command the troops must march.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"bevel","gloss":"order"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"keizer","gloss":"emperor"},{"text":"moesten","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"troepen","gloss":"troops"},{"text":"oprukken.","gloss":"march"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i29.m4a"},{"number":222,"id":"val.nl.L24.e51.i30","source":"Er is een voetpad langs de rivier.","translation":"There is a footpath along the river.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"voetpad","gloss":"footpath"},{"text":"langs","gloss":"along"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"rivier.","gloss":"river"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e51.i30.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 24: exercise 52","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":223,"id":"val.nl.L24.e52.i1","source":"Amsterdam, 1 juli 1911.","translation":"Amsterdam, July 1st, 1911.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Amsterdam,","gloss":"Amsterdam"},{"text":"1","gloss":"1st"},{"text":"juli","gloss":"July"},{"text":"1911.","gloss":"1911"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e52.i1.m4a"},{"number":224,"id":"val.nl.L24.e52.i2","source":"Mijn lieve jongen,","translation":"My dear boy,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"lieve","gloss":"dear"},{"text":"jongen,","gloss":"boy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e52.i2.m4a"},{"number":225,"id":"val.nl.L24.e52.i3","source":"Het verheugt mij zeer dat je nieuwe school zo in je smaak valt, want ik moet bekennen dat ik pas na lang aarzelen je wens heb ingewilligd om de andere school te verlaten.","translation":"I am extremely glad that you are happy in your new school, for I must confess it was not without much hesitation that I indulged you in your wish to leave the other school.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"verheugt","gloss":"rejoice"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"zeer","gloss":"very"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"nieuwe","gloss":"new"},{"text":"school","gloss":"school"},{"text":"zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"smaak","gloss":"taste"},{"text":"valt,","gloss":"to fall"},{"text":"want","gloss":"for, because"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"moet","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"bekennen","gloss":"be discerned"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"pas","gloss":"only just"},{"text":"na","gloss":"after"},{"text":"lang","gloss":"long"},{"text":"aarzelen","gloss":"hesitate"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"wens","gloss":"wish"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"ingewilligd","gloss":"indulged"},{"text":"om","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"andere","gloss":"other"},{"text":"school","gloss":"school"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"verlaten.","gloss":"left"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e52.i3.m4a"},{"number":226,"id":"val.nl.L24.e52.i4","source":"Ik hoop dat je mijn goedheid zult belonen door voortdurende oplettendheid bij je studie en door goed gedrag.","translation":"I hope you will reward my kindness by constant attention to your studies, and by good behaviour.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"hoop","gloss":"hope"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"goedheid","gloss":"kindness"},{"text":"zult","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"belonen","gloss":"rewarded"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"voortdurende","gloss":"constant"},{"text":"oplettendheid","gloss":"attention"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"studie","gloss":"study"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"goed","gloss":"good, well"},{"text":"gedrag.","gloss":"conduct"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e52.i4.m4a"},{"number":227,"id":"val.nl.L24.e52.i5","source":"Onthoud dat het noodzakelijk is zich aan regels te onderwerpen en dat wij allen, jong en oud, genoodzaakt zijn ons te schikken naar veel dingen die allesbehalve aangenaam zijn.","translation":"Recollect that it is necessary to submit to restraint, and we are all, both young and old, obliged to conform to many things that are disagreeable.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Onthoud","gloss":"refrain"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"noodzakelijk","gloss":"necessary"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"regels","gloss":"lines"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"onderwerpen","gloss":"subjects"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"allen,","gloss":"all"},{"text":"jong","gloss":"young"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"oud,","gloss":"old"},{"text":"genoodzaakt","gloss":"obliged"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"schikken","gloss":"manage"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"veel","gloss":"much"},{"text":"dingen","gloss":"things"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"allesbehalve","gloss":"anything but"},{"text":"aangenaam","gloss":"agreeable, pleasant"},{"text":"zijn.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e52.i5.m4a"},{"number":228,"id":"val.nl.L24.e52.i6","source":"Het doet mij groot genoegen te horen dat je in de talen goed vooruitgaat, en ik hoop weldra je bericht bevestigd te zien door dr. Z.","translation":"It gives me great pleasure to hear that you are getting on well with the languages, and I hope soon to hear your account confirmed by Dr. Z.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"doet","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"groot","gloss":"great"},{"text":"genoegen","gloss":"pleasure"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"horen","gloss":"to hear"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"talen","gloss":"languages"},{"text":"goed","gloss":"good, well"},{"text":"vooruitgaat,","gloss":"getting on"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"hoop","gloss":"hope"},{"text":"weldra","gloss":"soon"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"bericht","gloss":"report"},{"text":"bevestigd","gloss":"to fasten"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"zien","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"dr.","gloss":"Dr"},{"text":"Z.","gloss":"Z"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e52.i6.m4a"},{"number":229,"id":"val.nl.L24.e52.i7","source":"Wat de verhoging van je zakgeld betreft, voor het ogenblik moet ik weigeren aan je wens toe te geven.","translation":"With regard to the increase of your pocket money, I must, for the present, decline acceding to your wishes.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"verhoging","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"zakgeld","gloss":"pocket money"},{"text":"betreft,","gloss":"concerns"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"ogenblik","gloss":"moment"},{"text":"moet","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"weigeren","gloss":"refuse"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"wens","gloss":"wish"},{"text":"toe","gloss":"to"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"geven.","gloss":"to give"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e52.i7.m4a"},{"number":230,"id":"val.nl.L24.e52.i8","source":"Toen ik met dr. Z. bepaalde hoeveel zakgeld je zou hebben, deelde hij mij mee dat enige oudere jongens meer, maar dat verscheidene minder hadden, en dit laatste vond je niet passend te vermelden.","translation":"When I arranged with Dr. Z. what sum you were to have, he informed me that some older boys had more, but that many had less, and this latter fact you did not think proper to mention.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Toen","gloss":"as, when"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"dr.","gloss":"Dr"},{"text":"Z.","gloss":"Z"},{"text":"bepaalde","gloss":"confined"},{"text":"hoeveel","gloss":"how much, how many"},{"text":"zakgeld","gloss":"pocket money"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"zou","gloss":"should, would"},{"text":"hebben,","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"deelde","gloss":"to distribute"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"mee","gloss":"along, with"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"enige","gloss":"only (het enige: the only thing)"},{"text":"oudere","gloss":"old"},{"text":"jongens","gloss":"boys"},{"text":"meer,","gloss":"more"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"verscheidene","gloss":"several"},{"text":"minder","gloss":"less"},{"text":"hadden,","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"dit","gloss":"this"},{"text":"laatste","gloss":"last"},{"text":"vond","gloss":"to find"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"passend","gloss":"take care"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"vermelden.","gloss":"stated"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e52.i8.m4a"},{"number":231,"id":"val.nl.L24.e52.i9","source":"Nu is het naar mijn overtuiging even slecht te proberen iemand te misleiden door hem een deel van de waarheid te verbergen.","translation":"Now, I am sure that it is equally wrong to attempt to mislead any one by concealing a part of the truth.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nu","gloss":"now, at present"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"overtuiging","gloss":"conviction"},{"text":"even","gloss":"a moment, just"},{"text":"slecht","gloss":"bad"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"proberen","gloss":"to try"},{"text":"iemand","gloss":"someone"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"misleiden","gloss":"misled"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"deel","gloss":"part"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"waarheid","gloss":"truth"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"verbergen.","gloss":"hide"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e52.i9.m4a"},{"number":232,"id":"val.nl.L24.e52.i10","source":"Ik vertrouw echter dat het niet in ernst je bedoeling was mij in deze zaak te misleiden.","translation":"I trust, however, that you had no serious intention of misleading me in this affair.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"vertrouw","gloss":"trust"},{"text":"echter","gloss":"however"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ernst","gloss":"seriousness"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"bedoeling","gloss":"intention"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"zaak","gloss":"matter"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"misleiden.","gloss":"misled"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e52.i10.m4a"},{"number":233,"id":"val.nl.L24.e52.i11","source":"Bovendien is het volstrekt niet noodzakelijk dat je precies als de anderen zou doen.","translation":"Nor is it at all necessary that you should do exactly as the others do.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Bovendien","gloss":"besides"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"volstrekt","gloss":"absolutely"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"noodzakelijk","gloss":"necessary"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"precies","gloss":"exactly"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"anderen","gloss":"others"},{"text":"zou","gloss":"should, would"},{"text":"doen.","gloss":"to do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e52.i11.m4a"},{"number":234,"id":"val.nl.L24.e52.i12","source":"Je zult je eigen kost moeten verdienen, en een goede opvoeding is het enige dat ik je geven kan; daarom is het noodzakelijk dat je al vroeg in je leven de waarde van het geld leert kennen.","translation":"You will have to earn your own living, and a good education is all that I can give you; it is, therefore, necessary that you should learn the value of money early in life.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"zult","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"eigen","gloss":"own"},{"text":"kost","gloss":"bread"},{"text":"moeten","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"verdienen,","gloss":"earn"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"goede","gloss":"the good, what is good"},{"text":"opvoeding","gloss":"upbringing"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"enige","gloss":"only (het enige: the only thing)"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"geven","gloss":"to give"},{"text":"kan;","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"daarom","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"noodzakelijk","gloss":"necessary"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"vroeg","gloss":"asked"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"leven","gloss":"life"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"waarde","gloss":"value"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"geld","gloss":"money"},{"text":"leert","gloss":"comes to"},{"text":"kennen.","gloss":"know"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e52.i12.m4a"},{"number":235,"id":"val.nl.L24.e52.i13","source":"Maar ik wil je, mijn beste jongen, niet vervelen met een lange preek, en omdat ik je graag ieder redelijk genoegen gun, mag je meteen van mij de hengelroede hebben, en zal je zakgeld op 1 januari verhoogd worden, wanneer je rapport over ijver en goed gedrag goed blijft.","translation":"But I do not wish to weary you, my dear boy, with a long sermon, and being willing to indulge you in all reasonable pleasures, I will allow you to have the fishing-rod at once, and if I continue to hear a favourable account of your diligence and good conduct, your pocket-money shall be raised from the 1st of January.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"wil","gloss":"to want, to wish"},{"text":"je,","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"beste","gloss":"best"},{"text":"jongen,","gloss":"boy"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"vervelen","gloss":"bored"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"lange","gloss":"long"},{"text":"preek,","gloss":"sermon"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"omdat","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"graag","gloss":"gladly, with pleasure"},{"text":"ieder","gloss":"each, every"},{"text":"redelijk","gloss":"reasonably"},{"text":"genoegen","gloss":"pleasure"},{"text":"gun,","gloss":"grant"},{"text":"mag","gloss":"may"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"meteen","gloss":"at once"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"hengelroede","gloss":"fishing-rod"},{"text":"hebben,","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"zakgeld","gloss":"pocket money"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"1","gloss":"1st"},{"text":"januari","gloss":"January"},{"text":"verhoogd","gloss":"heightened"},{"text":"worden,","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"wanneer","gloss":"if"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"rapport","gloss":"report"},{"text":"over","gloss":"across, over"},{"text":"ijver","gloss":"zeal"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"goed","gloss":"good, well"},{"text":"gedrag","gloss":"conduct"},{"text":"goed","gloss":"good, well"},{"text":"blijft.","gloss":"to remain, stay"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e52.i13.m4a"},{"number":236,"id":"val.nl.L24.e52.i14","source":"Mama, je zus en Charley laten je allemaal hartelijk groeten.","translation":"Mamma, sister, and Charley, all send best love.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mama,","gloss":"mama"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"zus","gloss":"sister"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Charley","gloss":"Charley"},{"text":"laten","gloss":"to let"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"allemaal","gloss":"all"},{"text":"hartelijk","gloss":"warm-hearted"},{"text":"groeten.","gloss":"greet"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e52.i14.m4a"},{"number":237,"id":"val.nl.L24.e52.i15","source":"Je liefhebbende vader, N. N.","translation":"Your affectionate father, N. N.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"liefhebbende","gloss":"affectionate"},{"text":"vader,","gloss":"the father"},{"text":"N.","gloss":"No."},{"text":"N.","gloss":"No."}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L24.e52.i15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 25: Conjunctions: co-ordinate and subordinate (and 3 more)","teaching":[{"title":"Two kinds of joining word","paragraphs":["A conjunction is a word that joins two clauses: and, but, because. A clause is a group of words with its own subject and verb.","A co-ordinate conjunction joins two clauses that can each stand alone. En and maar are of this kind.","A subordinate conjunction joins a clause to another clause it depends on. Als, dat and wanneer are of this kind.","The kind of conjunction decides where the verb goes. The conjunctions in this lesson are grouped by that effect."]},{"title":"Words that leave the order alone","paragraphs":["Some conjunctions join two clauses and change nothing in either one. Each clause keeps the order it has alone: subject first, then the verb.","These are en, echter, maar, of, want and the pair zowel / als.","Ik moet thuis blijven, want ik ben ziek. After want, the clause ik ben ziek is the same as it is alone.","Echter can also stand after the subject or after the verb, with the same sense: wij mogen echter niet wanhopen."]},{"title":"Joining words that put the verb first","paragraphs":["Some joining words act like an adverb. When one opens a clause, the verb comes next and the subject after it.","Ik ben ziek, dus kan ik niet uitgaan. After dus, the verb kan comes before the subject ik.","Zeg het hem duidelijk, anders begrijpt hij het niet. After anders, the verb begrijpt comes before hij."]},{"title":"The list of these words","paragraphs":["The list gives each word with its English meaning: dus, thus or so. Daarom, therefore. Toch, yet or still.","Some come in pairs, such as niet alleen / maar, not only / but also. The two parts stand in two places in the sentence.","Every word in the list puts the verb before the subject when it opens a sentence."]},{"title":"The verb moves to the end","paragraphs":["A subordinate conjunction opens a dependent clause. The verb of that clause goes to the end of it.","Haast u, opdat u niet te laat komt. The clause opens with opdat, and its verb komt stands last.","This is true of every subordinate conjunction, of one word or of several."]}],"lines":[{"number":238,"id":"val.nl.L25.x.2.1","source":"Ik moet thuis blijven, want ik ben ziek.","translation":"I must stay at home, for I am ill","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"moet","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"thuis","gloss":"at home"},{"text":"blijven,","gloss":"to remain, stay"},{"text":"want","gloss":"for, because"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"ben","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"ziek.","gloss":"ill"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.x.2.1.m4a"},{"number":239,"id":"val.nl.L25.x.2.2","source":"Ik zal het u zeggen, maar u moet zwijgen.","translation":"I shall tell it to you, but you must keep silent","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"zeggen,","gloss":"to say"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"moet","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"zwijgen.","gloss":"to be silent"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.x.2.2.m4a"},{"number":240,"id":"val.nl.L25.x.3.1","source":"Ik ben ziek, dus kan ik niet uitgaan.","translation":"I am ill, so I cannot go out","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"ben","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"ziek,","gloss":"ill"},{"text":"dus","gloss":"so"},{"text":"kan","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"uitgaan.","gloss":"issued"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.x.3.1.m4a"},{"number":241,"id":"val.nl.L25.x.3.2","source":"Nauwelijks had hij ons gezien, of hij liep weg.","translation":"scarcely had he seen us when he ran away","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nauwelijks","gloss":"scarcely"},{"text":"had","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"gezien,","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"liep","gloss":"to walk"},{"text":"weg.","gloss":"away; road"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.x.3.2.m4a"},{"number":242,"id":"val.nl.L25.x.3.3","source":"Zeg het hem duidelijk, anders begrijpt hij het niet.","translation":"tell it to him plainly, else he does not understand it","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zeg","gloss":"say"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"duidelijk,","gloss":"clear(ly)"},{"text":"anders","gloss":"otherwise"},{"text":"begrijpt","gloss":"to understand"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"niet.","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.x.3.3.m4a"},{"number":243,"id":"val.nl.L25.x.3.4","source":"Hij geeft altijd aalmoezen, toch is hij zelf niet rijk.","translation":"he always gives alms, yet he is not rich himself","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"geeft","gloss":"to give"},{"text":"altijd","gloss":"always"},{"text":"aalmoezen,","gloss":"alms"},{"text":"toch","gloss":"indeed, after all (here: 'I did warn you, after all')"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"zelf","gloss":"self"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"rijk.","gloss":"rich, richer"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.x.3.4.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1001,"text":"Conjunctions: co-ordinate and subordinate\n\nConjunctions fall into two classes: co-ordinate (nevenschikkend) and subordinate (onderschikkend). Co-ordinate conjunctions join statements that are independent of each other: en, ook, maar, doch, evenwel, and so on. Subordinate conjunctions join statements one of which depends on the other: als, daar, dat, indien, wanneer, and so on. Because conjunctions have a great influence on the position of the verb, they are grouped below by that effect."},{"section":1002,"text":"Co-ordinate conjunctions that do not change the word order\n\nCo-ordinate conjunctions that do not change the word order: en and; echter but, however; maar but; of or; want for; zowel / als both … and. Note. Echter is sometimes placed after the subject or even after the verb, without changing the sense: De zaken gaan slecht, echter mogen wij niet wanhopen. The affairs are in a bad way, but we must not despair. De zaken gaan slecht, wij mogen echter niet wanhopen."},{"section":1003,"text":"Adverbial conjunctions that require inversion\n\nThe following adverbial conjunctions are treated like adverbs and require inversion (verb before subject) after them when they open a sentence: anders else, otherwise; behalve besides; bijgevolg consequently; bovendien or buitendien besides, moreover; daarenboven moreover; daarentegen on the contrary; daarom therefore; deels / deels partly / partly; desalniettemin or niettemin nevertheless; dientengevolge accordingly; dus thus, so; echter however; evenwel however; nauwelijks scarcely; niet alleen / maar (ook) not only / but also; niet slechts / maar not only / but also; noch nor; noch / noch neither / nor; nochtans yet, still; nu now, then; of / of either / or; ook also, too; ook / niet nor; ondertussen meanwhile; overigens as for the rest; toch yet, still; veeleer rather; verder further; weliswaar it is true; zo so, thus."},{"section":1004,"text":"Subordinate conjunctions send the verb to the end\n\nAll subordinate conjunctions, simple as well as compound, send the verb to the end of the clause."},{"section":1005,"text":"Simple subordinate conjunctions\n\nSimple subordinate conjunctions: aangezien or daar as, since; als as, when; alsof as if; dat that; eer or voordat before; hoe how; hoewel though; indien if; nadat after; of if, whether; ofschoon although; omdat because; opdat that, in order that; sedert or sinds since (time); terwijl while, whilst; tot or totdat until; zodra (als) as soon as; zolang (als) as long as."},{"section":1006,"text":"Word order after a subordinate clause: inversion in the main clause\n\nWhen the first clause of a compound sentence begins with one of the subordinate conjunctions above, the second (main) clause opens with the verb, and the subject follows it."},{"section":1007,"text":"Compound subordinate conjunctions\n\nCompound subordinate conjunctions: aangenomen, gesteld or verondersteld / dat supposing (that); al / nog even if; als / maar provided (that); behalve / dat besides; hoe / hoe the / the (with a comparative); hoe / ook however (with an adjective); indien / al (ook) even if; indien / niet unless; ingeval in case; in plaats van instead of; in weerwil van or ondanks in spite of; om / te in order to; opdat / niet lest; zelfs / als even if; zonder / dat without; zo / als just as; zo / dat so that."},{"section":1008,"text":"Relative conjunctions send the verb to the end\n\nRelative conjunctions. Every interrogative adverb has, in an indirect question, the force of a relative conjunction, and so it sends the verb to the end of the clause: hoe how; hoelang how long; hoeveel how much; waar where; waarom why; wanneer when; weshalve wherefore; waaraan at what; waardoor what, by what; waarheen where, whither; waarin in what; waarmee with what; waarop on what, and so on."},{"section":1009,"text":"Doch, toch, nog and noch: four words not to confuse\n\nDo not confuse doch (but) and toch (all the same, nevertheless); nor nog (still, an adverb) and noch (neither, nor). Examples: Hij zegt het wel, doch meent het niet he says so, but does not mean it. Laat mij toch gaan pray, let me go; ik ben niet wel, toch wil ik uitgaan I am unwell, yet I will go out. Hoe lang blijft hij nog how long will he still stay? Ik heb geld noch vrienden I have neither money nor friends."},{"section":1010,"text":"Interjections\n\nInterjections fall into: imitations of sounds: bom! plomp! krik! krek! pief! paf! poef! miauw! bimbam! holderdebolder! Words of feeling and emotion: a) of pleasure: ha! hoezee! hoera! leve! b) of pain or grief: ach! au! o! och! helaas! o wee! c) of disgust: bah! foei! d) of doubt: ei! ei ei! hm! e) of desire: ach toe! Exclamations and calls: he! hei! hm! hee daar! holla! pst! st! Note. Expressions such as God helpe mij! Goede hemel! O God! weg! mars! hoor eens! stil! and so on are not interjections; they are shortened sentences or nouns in the vocative."},{"section":2025,"text":"Verbs of this lesson, with their principal parts\n\nwijken              to deviate, to give way  ik wijk, ik week, ik ben geweken\nverwerpen           to reject                ik verwerp, ik verwierp, ik heb verworpen\nvluchten            to flee                  ik vlucht, ik vluchtte, ik ben gevlucht\nzich onderscheiden  to distinguish oneself   ik onderscheid mij, ik onderscheidde mij, ik heb mij onderscheiden"}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 25: Simple subordinate conjunctions (and 1 more)","teaching":[{"title":"One word, verb last","paragraphs":["A simple subordinate conjunction is a single word. The list holds als, dat, omdat, hoewel, nadat, terwijl, zodra and more.","Wacht, totdat ik de deur heb gesloten. Totdat opens the clause, and the verbs heb gesloten stand at its end.","Read each entry as a word and its English meaning. Some meanings have two words: eer or voordat, before. Sedert or sinds, since in time."]},{"title":"When the dependent clause comes first","paragraphs":["A sentence can open with a dependent clause. Then the main clause opens with its verb, and the subject follows the verb.","A main clause is the clause that can stand alone.","Toen hij binnenkwam, stonden alle officieren op. The first clause ends with its verb, binnenkwam. The main clause opens with the verb stonden. The subject alle officieren follows."]}],"lines":[{"number":244,"id":"val.nl.L25.x.5.1","source":"Het regende toen wij in het dorp kwamen.","translation":"it was raining when we entered the village","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"regende","gloss":"to be rained on"},{"text":"toen","gloss":"as, when"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"dorp","gloss":"village"},{"text":"kwamen.","gloss":"to come"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.x.5.1.m4a"},{"number":245,"id":"val.nl.L25.x.5.2","source":"Wacht, totdat ik de deur heb gesloten.","translation":"wait till I have closed the door","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wacht,","gloss":"is waiting"},{"text":"totdat","gloss":"until"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"deur","gloss":"door"},{"text":"heb","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"gesloten.","gloss":"to shut"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.x.5.2.m4a"},{"number":246,"id":"val.nl.L25.x.5.3","source":"Haast u, opdat u niet te laat komt.","translation":"make haste that you do not come too late","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Haast","gloss":"haste"},{"text":"u,","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"opdat","gloss":"in order that"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"laat","gloss":"let; late"},{"text":"komt.","gloss":"to come"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.x.5.3.m4a"},{"number":247,"id":"val.nl.L25.x.6.1","source":"Toen hij binnenkwam, stonden alle officieren op.","translation":"when he entered, all the officers rose from their seats","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Toen","gloss":"as, when"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"binnenkwam,","gloss":"come in"},{"text":"stonden","gloss":"to stand"},{"text":"alle","gloss":"all"},{"text":"officieren","gloss":"officers"},{"text":"op.","gloss":"on, upon"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.x.6.1.m4a"},{"number":248,"id":"val.nl.L25.x.6.2","source":"Voordat de slag begon, zongen de soldaten vrolijk.","translation":"before the battle began, the soldiers sang merrily","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Voordat","gloss":"before"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"slag","gloss":"blow"},{"text":"begon,","gloss":"to begin"},{"text":"zongen","gloss":"to sing"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"soldaten","gloss":"soldiers"},{"text":"vrolijk.","gloss":"merry, gay"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.x.6.2.m4a"},{"number":249,"id":"val.nl.L25.x.6.3","source":"Ofschoon het waarschijnlijk is, is het toch niet waar.","translation":"though it is probable, it is not true","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ofschoon","gloss":"though"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"waarschijnlijk","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"is,","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"toch","gloss":"not... after all"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not... after all"},{"text":"waar.","gloss":"where; true"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.x.6.3.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 25: Compound subordinate conjunctions (and 2 more)","teaching":[{"title":"Conjunctions of two parts","paragraphs":["A compound conjunction is a conjunction made of two or more words. It sends the verb to the end, as a simple conjunction does.","Er gaat geen uur voorbij, zonder dat ik hem zie. Zonder dat opens the clause, and the verb zie stands last.","Some parts stand apart. Hoe meer u leert, hoe meer u weet. Each hoe opens a clause. The pair means the more this, the more that.","Each entry gives the parts and one English meaning for them together."]},{"title":"Questions inside sentences","paragraphs":["A question word can open a clause inside a longer sentence. Then it acts as a subordinate conjunction and sends the verb to the end.","An interrogative adverb is a question word for how, where, why or when: hoe, waar, waarom, wanneer.","A direct question stands alone: Hoe heeft hij dat gedaan? An indirect question is reported inside a sentence: Ik vroeg hoe hij dat gedaan heeft. There heeft comes last."]},{"title":"Four words that look alike","paragraphs":["Four short words look alike and have different meanings. Doch means but. Toch means all the same or nevertheless. Nog means still. Noch means neither or nor.","Hij zegt het wel, doch meent het niet: he says so, but does not mean it. Ik ben niet wel, toch wil ik uitgaan: I am unwell, yet I will go out.","Hoe lang blijft hij nog? How long will he still stay? Ik heb geld noch vrienden: I have neither money nor friends."]}],"lines":[{"number":250,"id":"val.nl.L25.x.7.1","source":"Al heeft hij nog zoveel boeken, hij leest nooit.","translation":"though he has ever so many books, he never reads","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"zoveel","gloss":"so much"},{"text":"boeken,","gloss":"books"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"leest","gloss":"to read"},{"text":"nooit.","gloss":"never"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.x.7.1.m4a"},{"number":251,"id":"val.nl.L25.x.7.2","source":"Hoe meer u leert, hoe meer u weet.","translation":"the more you learn, the more you know","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"meer","gloss":"more"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"leert,","gloss":"comes to"},{"text":"hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"meer","gloss":"more"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"weet.","gloss":"to know"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.x.7.2.m4a"},{"number":252,"id":"val.nl.L25.x.7.3","source":"Er gaat geen uur voorbij, zonder dat ik hem zie.","translation":"not an hour passes but I see him","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"gaat","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"uur","gloss":"hour"},{"text":"voorbij,","gloss":"past"},{"text":"zonder","gloss":"without"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"zie.","gloss":"to see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.x.7.3.m4a"},{"number":253,"id":"val.nl.L25.x.8.1","source":"Hoe heeft hij dat gedaan?","translation":"how did he do that? (direct)","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"gedaan?","gloss":"to do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.x.8.1.m4a"},{"number":254,"id":"val.nl.L25.x.8.2","source":"Ik vroeg hoe hij dat gedaan heeft.","translation":"I asked how he had done that (indirect)","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"vroeg","gloss":"to ask"},{"text":"hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"gedaan","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"heeft.","gloss":"to have, to have had"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.x.8.2.m4a"},{"number":255,"id":"val.nl.L25.x.8.3","source":"Weet u waarvandaan hij komt?","translation":"do you know where he comes from","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Weet","gloss":"know"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"waarvandaan","gloss":"where from"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"komt?","gloss":"to come"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.x.8.3.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 25: Interjections","teaching":[{"title":"Words of sound and feeling","paragraphs":["An interjection is a word that shows a sound, a feeling or a call.","Some copy a sound: bom, miauw. Some show a feeling: hoera for pleasure, ach for grief, foei for disgust. Some are calls: he, pst.","Words such as stil and weg are not interjections. They are shortened sentences."]}],"lines":[{"number":256,"id":"val.nl.L25.x.10.1","source":"Hoera, leve de koningin!","translation":"hurray, long live the queen","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoera,","gloss":"Hoera"},{"text":"leve","gloss":"live"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"koningin!","gloss":"queen"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.x.10.1.m4a"},{"number":257,"id":"val.nl.L25.x.10.2","source":"Foei, hoe kun je dat zeggen!","translation":"shame, how can you say that","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Foei,","gloss":"For shame"},{"text":"hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"kun","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"zeggen!","gloss":"to say"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.x.10.2.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Fabricius en Pyrrhus (slot)","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":258,"id":"val.nl.L25.r.0","source":"Fabricius en Pyrrhus (slot)","translation":"Fabricius and Pyrrhus (the end)","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Fabricius","gloss":"Fabricius"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"Pyrrhus","gloss":"Pyrrhus"},{"text":"(slot)","gloss":"ending"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.r.0.m4a"},{"number":259,"id":"val.nl.L25.r.1","source":"Fabricius was weer teruggekeerd.","translation":"Fabricius had returned again.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Fabricius","gloss":"Fabricius"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"weer","gloss":"again"},{"text":"teruggekeerd.","gloss":"returned"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.r.1.m4a"},{"number":260,"id":"val.nl.L25.r.2","source":"Daar ontving hij op zekere dag van de lijfarts van Pyrrhus een brief, waarin deze aanbood, zijn heer te vergiftigen, wanneer de Romein hem daarvoor een goede beloning wilde geven.","translation":"There he received one day a letter from Pyrrhus's physician, in which the latter offered to poison his master, if the Roman would give him a good reward for it.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Daar","gloss":"as, since, because"},{"text":"ontving","gloss":"received"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"zekere","gloss":"certain"},{"text":"dag","gloss":"day"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"lijfarts","gloss":"physician in ordinary"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Pyrrhus","gloss":"Pyrrhus"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"brief,","gloss":"letter"},{"text":"waarin","gloss":"in which"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"aanbood,","gloss":"to offer"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"heer","gloss":"gentleman, lord"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"vergiftigen,","gloss":"to poison"},{"text":"wanneer","gloss":"if"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Romein","gloss":"Romein"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"daarvoor","gloss":"for it"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"goede","gloss":"the good, what is good"},{"text":"beloning","gloss":"reward"},{"text":"wilde","gloss":"to want, to wish"},{"text":"geven.","gloss":"to give"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.r.2.m4a"},{"number":261,"id":"val.nl.L25.r.3","source":"Fabricius ijsde van zulk een schandelijke daad.","translation":"Fabricius shuddered at such a shameful deed.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Fabricius","gloss":"Fabricius"},{"text":"ijsde","gloss":"shuddered"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"zulk","gloss":"such"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"schandelijke","gloss":"shameful"},{"text":"daad.","gloss":"deed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.r.3.m4a"},{"number":262,"id":"val.nl.L25.r.4","source":"Hij zond daarom de brief aan Pyrrhus zelf, opdat deze zich in veiligheid zou stellen voor zulk een booswicht.","translation":"He therefore sent the letter to Pyrrhus himself, so that he might secure himself against such a villain.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"zond","gloss":"to send"},{"text":"daarom","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"brief","gloss":"letter"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"Pyrrhus","gloss":"Pyrrhus"},{"text":"zelf,","gloss":"self"},{"text":"opdat","gloss":"in order that"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"veiligheid","gloss":"safety, security"},{"text":"zou","gloss":"should, would"},{"text":"stellen","gloss":"put"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"zulk","gloss":"such"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"booswicht.","gloss":"wretch, villain"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.r.4.m4a"},{"number":263,"id":"val.nl.L25.r.5","source":"Wie schildert de verbazing van Pyrrhus?","translation":"Who can depict Pyrrhus's astonishment?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wie","gloss":"who"},{"text":"schildert","gloss":"paints"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"verbazing","gloss":"astonishment"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Pyrrhus?","gloss":"Pyrrhus"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.r.5.m4a"},{"number":264,"id":"val.nl.L25.r.6","source":"Zulk een edelmoedigheid van een vijand?","translation":"Such generosity from an enemy?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zulk","gloss":"such"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"edelmoedigheid","gloss":"generosity"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"vijand?","gloss":"enemy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.r.6.m4a"},{"number":265,"id":"val.nl.L25.r.7","source":"“Waarlijk!” riep hij uit, “eerder zal de zon van haar baan wijken, dan Fabricius van het pad van de deugd!”","translation":"“Truly!” he exclaimed, “the sun will sooner stray from its path than Fabricius from the path of virtue!”","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"“Waarlijk!”","gloss":"truly"},{"text":"riep","gloss":"cried"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"uit,","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"“eerder","gloss":"more"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"zon","gloss":"sun"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"haar","gloss":"her"},{"text":"baan","gloss":"road, path"},{"text":"wijken,","gloss":"to deviate, to give way"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"Fabricius","gloss":"Fabricius"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"pad","gloss":"path"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"deugd!”","gloss":"virtue"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.r.7.m4a"},{"number":266,"id":"val.nl.L25.r.8","source":"De arts liet hij ter dood brengen, maar aan de Romeinen zond hij, om zijn dankbaarheid te bewijzen, de gevangenen zonder losgeld terug, en nogmaals deed hij vredesvoorstellen.","translation":"He had the physician put to death, but to the Romans he sent back, to show his gratitude, the prisoners without ransom, and once again made peace proposals.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"arts","gloss":"physician, doctor"},{"text":"liet","gloss":"to let"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"ter","gloss":"for the"},{"text":"dood","gloss":"death"},{"text":"brengen,","gloss":"bring"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Romeinen","gloss":"Romeinen"},{"text":"zond","gloss":"to send"},{"text":"hij,","gloss":"he"},{"text":"om","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"dankbaarheid","gloss":"gratitude"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"bewijzen,","gloss":"to prove; proofs"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"gevangenen","gloss":"to catch"},{"text":"zonder","gloss":"without"},{"text":"losgeld","gloss":"ransom"},{"text":"terug,","gloss":"back"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"nogmaals","gloss":"once again"},{"text":"deed","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"vredesvoorstellen.","gloss":"peace proposals"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.r.8.m4a"},{"number":267,"id":"val.nl.L25.r.9","source":"De Romeinen zeiden: “Wij laten ons niet betalen voor de rechtvaardigheid, die wij de vijand verschuldigd zijn,” en zonden evenveel krijgsgevangenen terug; de vredesvoorstellen werden verworpen.","translation":"The Romans said: “We do not let ourselves be paid for the justice we owe the enemy,” and sent back just as many prisoners of war; the peace proposals were rejected.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Romeinen","gloss":"Romans"},{"text":"zeiden:","gloss":"said"},{"text":"“Wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"laten","gloss":"let"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"betalen","gloss":"to pay"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"rechtvaardigheid,","gloss":"justice"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"vijand","gloss":"enemy"},{"text":"verschuldigd","gloss":"to owe"},{"text":"zijn,”","gloss":"to owe"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"zonden","gloss":"to send"},{"text":"evenveel","gloss":"as much, as many"},{"text":"krijgsgevangenen","gloss":"prisoners of war"},{"text":"terug;","gloss":"back"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"vredesvoorstellen","gloss":"peace proposals"},{"text":"werden","gloss":"became, were (passive)"},{"text":"verworpen.","gloss":"rejected"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.r.9.m4a"},{"number":268,"id":"val.nl.L25.r.10","source":"In een tweede slag overwon Pyrrhus nogmaals door zijn olifanten, maar verloor zoveel soldaten, dat hij uitriep: “Nog zo'n overwinning en ik ben verloren!”","translation":"In a second battle Pyrrhus was victorious again through his elephants, but lost so many soldiers that he cried out: “One more such victory and I am lost!”","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"In","gloss":"in"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"tweede","gloss":"the Second"},{"text":"slag","gloss":"blow"},{"text":"overwon","gloss":"was victorious"},{"text":"Pyrrhus","gloss":"Pyrrhus"},{"text":"nogmaals","gloss":"once again"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"olifanten,","gloss":"elephants"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"verloor","gloss":"lost"},{"text":"zoveel","gloss":"so much"},{"text":"soldaten,","gloss":"soldiers"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"uitriep:","gloss":"exclaimed"},{"text":"“Nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"zo'n","gloss":"such a"},{"text":"overwinning","gloss":"victory"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"ben","gloss":"am"},{"text":"verloren!”","gloss":"lost"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.r.10.m4a"},{"number":269,"id":"val.nl.L25.r.11","source":"In de derde slag werd hij geslagen en vluchtte ontsteld naar zijn land terug.","translation":"In the third battle he was defeated and fled in dismay back to his own country.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"In","gloss":"in"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"derde","gloss":"third"},{"text":"slag","gloss":"blow"},{"text":"werd","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"geslagen","gloss":"to beat"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"vluchtte","gloss":"to flee"},{"text":"ontsteld","gloss":"alarmed"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"land","gloss":"land"},{"text":"terug.","gloss":"back"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.r.11.m4a"},{"number":270,"id":"val.nl.L25.r.12","source":"De Romeinen waren nu meester van geheel Italië.","translation":"The Romans were now masters of the whole of Italy.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Romeinen","gloss":"Romeinen"},{"text":"waren","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"nu","gloss":"now, at present"},{"text":"meester","gloss":"teacher (in everyday speech, meester/schoolmeester is often used for a primary-school teacher; a teacher at a public secondary school (H.B.S.) or a gymnasium is called leraar, a university professor is called professor or hoogleraar)"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"geheel","gloss":"whole"},{"text":"Italië.","gloss":"Italië"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.r.12.m4a"},{"number":271,"id":"val.nl.L25.r.13","source":"Hun mooiste roem was echter de republikeinse eenvoud, de rechtschapenheid en liefde voor de deugd, waardoor juist hun hoogste ambtenaren zich het meest onderscheidden.","translation":"Their finest glory, however, was the republican simplicity, the honesty and love of virtue by which precisely their highest officials distinguished themselves the most.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hun","gloss":"them; their"},{"text":"mooiste","gloss":"finest"},{"text":"roem","gloss":"fame"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"echter","gloss":"however"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"republikeinse","gloss":"republican"},{"text":"eenvoud,","gloss":"simplicity"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"rechtschapenheid","gloss":"honesty"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"liefde","gloss":"love"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"deugd,","gloss":"virtue"},{"text":"waardoor","gloss":"by which"},{"text":"juist","gloss":"exactly"},{"text":"hun","gloss":"them; their"},{"text":"hoogste","gloss":"highest"},{"text":"ambtenaren","gloss":"officials"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"meest","gloss":"most"},{"text":"onderscheidden.","gloss":"distinguished themselves"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.r.13.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"lijfarts","gloss":"physician in ordinary"},{"word":"daad","gloss":"deed"},{"word":"zijn","gloss":"to owe (verschuldigd zijn)"},{"word":"vergiftigen","gloss":"to poison"},{"word":"veiligheid","gloss":"safety, security"},{"word":"booswicht","gloss":"wretch, villain"},{"word":"edelmoedigheid","gloss":"generosity"},{"word":"zich","gloss":"to distinguish oneself (zich onderscheiden)"},{"word":"baan","gloss":"road, path"},{"word":"deugd","gloss":"virtue"},{"word":"dankbaarheid","gloss":"gratitude"},{"word":"losgeld","gloss":"ransom"},{"word":"rechtvaardigheid","gloss":"justice"},{"word":"evenveel","gloss":"as much, as many"},{"word":"wijken","gloss":"to deviate, to give way"},{"word":"betalen","gloss":"to pay"},{"word":"overwinning","gloss":"victory"},{"word":"eenvoud","gloss":"simplicity"},{"word":"liefde","gloss":"love"},{"word":"juist","gloss":"just, exactly"},{"word":"meest","gloss":"most"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 25: conversation","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":272,"id":"val.nl.L25.c.q1","source":"Hoe lang bent u al met de studie van het Nederlands bezig?","translation":"How long have you already been studying Dutch?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoe","gloss":"how long"},{"text":"lang","gloss":"how long"},{"text":"bent","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"studie","gloss":"study"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"Nederlands","gloss":"Nederlands"},{"text":"bezig?","gloss":"busy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.c.q1.m4a"},{"number":273,"id":"val.nl.L25.c.q2","source":"Vindt u de taal nogal lastig; is de grammatica moeilijk?","translation":"Do you find the language rather difficult; is the grammar hard?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Vindt","gloss":"to find"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"taal","gloss":"language"},{"text":"nogal","gloss":"rather"},{"text":"lastig;","gloss":"troublesome"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"grammatica","gloss":"grammar"},{"text":"moeilijk?","gloss":"difficult"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.c.q2.m4a"},{"number":274,"id":"val.nl.L25.c.q3","source":"Zou dat niet van alle talen gezegd kunnen worden?","translation":"Could that not be said of all languages?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zou","gloss":"should, would"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"not so (I beg your pardon)"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not so (I beg your pardon)"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"alle","gloss":"all"},{"text":"talen","gloss":"languages"},{"text":"gezegd","gloss":"to say"},{"text":"kunnen","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"worden?","gloss":"to become, to get"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.c.q3.m4a"},{"number":275,"id":"val.nl.L25.c.a1","source":"Ik geloof ongeveer twee jaar.","translation":"I believe about two years.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"geloof","gloss":"to believe"},{"text":"ongeveer","gloss":"about"},{"text":"twee","gloss":"two"},{"text":"jaar.","gloss":"the year"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.c.a1.m4a"},{"number":276,"id":"val.nl.L25.c.a2","source":"Ja, vooral het juiste gebruik van sommige woordsoorten en woorden.","translation":"Yes, especially the correct use of some parts of speech and words.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ja,","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"vooral","gloss":"above all"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"juiste","gloss":"exactly"},{"text":"gebruik","gloss":"use"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"sommige","gloss":"some"},{"text":"woordsoorten","gloss":"parts of speech"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"woorden.","gloss":"words"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.c.a2.m4a"},{"number":277,"id":"val.nl.L25.c.a3","source":"In zekere zin wel!","translation":"In a certain sense, yes!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"In","gloss":"in"},{"text":"zekere","gloss":"certain"},{"text":"zin","gloss":"sense"},{"text":"wel!","gloss":"but"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.c.a3.m4a"},{"number":278,"id":"val.nl.L25.c.q4","source":"Hoe bestudeert u de taal? Hebt u een goede grammatica?","translation":"How do you study the language? Do you have a good grammar?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"bestudeert","gloss":"studying"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"taal?","gloss":"language"},{"text":"Hebt","gloss":"have"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"goede","gloss":"the good, what is good"},{"text":"grammatica?","gloss":"grammar"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.c.q4.m4a"},{"number":279,"id":"val.nl.L25.c.q5","source":"Hebt u geen romans voor mij?","translation":"Don't you have any novels for me?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hebt","gloss":"have"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"romans","gloss":"novels"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"mij?","gloss":"me"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.c.q5.m4a"},{"number":280,"id":"val.nl.L25.c.q6","source":"Hoe lang mag ik die boeken houden?","translation":"How long may I keep those books?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoe","gloss":"how long"},{"text":"lang","gloss":"how long"},{"text":"mag","gloss":"may"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"boeken","gloss":"books"},{"text":"houden?","gloss":"to keep"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.c.q6.m4a"},{"number":281,"id":"val.nl.L25.c.a4","source":"De regels van de grammatica leer ik uit een taalboek; het taaleigen hoop ik vooral door veel lezen te leren.","translation":"I learn the rules of grammar from a language book; the idiom of the language I hope to learn mainly by reading a great deal.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"regels","gloss":"lines"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"grammatica","gloss":"grammar"},{"text":"leer","gloss":"teach"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"taalboek;","gloss":"language book"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"taaleigen","gloss":"idiom"},{"text":"hoop","gloss":"hope"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"vooral","gloss":"above all"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"veel","gloss":"much"},{"text":"lezen","gloss":"to read"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"leren.","gloss":"a) to learn, b) = to teach"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.c.a4.m4a"},{"number":282,"id":"val.nl.L25.c.a5","source":"Ja, hier zijn de romans van Van Lennep.","translation":"Yes, here are the novels of Van Lennep.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ja,","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"hier","gloss":"here"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"romans","gloss":"novels"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"Van","gloss":"Van"},{"text":"Lennep.","gloss":"Lennep"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.c.a5.m4a"},{"number":283,"id":"val.nl.L25.c.a6","source":"Zo lang als u wilt, er is volstrekt geen haast bij.","translation":"As long as you like, there is absolutely no hurry about it.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"lang","gloss":"long"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"wilt,","gloss":"to want, to wish"},{"text":"er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"volstrekt","gloss":"absolutely"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"haast","gloss":"haste"},{"text":"bij.","gloss":"with"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.c.a6.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 25: exercise 53","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":284,"id":"val.nl.L25.e53.i1","source":"Ga dadelijk naar huis, of u wordt nat; want het zal aanstonds gaan regenen.","translation":"Go home directly, or you will become wet; for it will soon rain.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ga","gloss":"go"},{"text":"dadelijk","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"huis,","gloss":"house"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"wordt","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"nat;","gloss":"wet"},{"text":"want","gloss":"for, because"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"aanstonds","gloss":"directly"},{"text":"gaan","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"regenen.","gloss":"rained"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e53.i1.m4a"},{"number":285,"id":"val.nl.L25.e53.i2","source":"Het riet buigt, maar breekt niet.","translation":"The reed bends, but it does not break.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"riet","gloss":"reed, thatch"},{"text":"buigt,","gloss":"to bend"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"breekt","gloss":"breaks"},{"text":"niet.","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e53.i2.m4a"},{"number":286,"id":"val.nl.L25.e53.i3","source":"U moet met uw kinderen spreken, want zij zijn zeer ondeugend.","translation":"You ought to speak to your children, for they are very naughty.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"U","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"moet","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"kinderen","gloss":"children"},{"text":"spreken,","gloss":"to speak"},{"text":"want","gloss":"for, because"},{"text":"zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"zeer","gloss":"very"},{"text":"ondeugend.","gloss":"mischievously"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e53.i3.m4a"},{"number":287,"id":"val.nl.L25.e53.i4","source":"Wij hebben al lang geleden geschreven, maar wij hebben geen antwoord ontvangen.","translation":"We wrote a long time ago, but we did not receive an answer.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"lang","gloss":"long"},{"text":"geleden","gloss":"suffered"},{"text":"geschreven,","gloss":"to write"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"hebben","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"antwoord","gloss":"answer"},{"text":"ontvangen.","gloss":"received"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e53.i4.m4a"},{"number":288,"id":"val.nl.L25.e53.i5","source":"Hebt u uw vriend vandaag gezien?","translation":"Did you see your friend today?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hebt","gloss":"have"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"vriend","gloss":"friend"},{"text":"vandaag","gloss":"today"},{"text":"gezien?","gloss":"to see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e53.i5.m4a"},{"number":289,"id":"val.nl.L25.e53.i6","source":"Ja, maar ik kon hem niet spreken.","translation":"Yes, but I could not speak to him.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ja,","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"kon","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"spreken.","gloss":"to speak"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e53.i6.m4a"},{"number":290,"id":"val.nl.L25.e53.i7","source":"Hij wilde naar Amerika gaan, maar zijn vader wilde hem niet laten gaan.","translation":"He wished to go to America, but his father would not let him go.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"wilde","gloss":"to want, to wish"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"Amerika","gloss":"Amerika"},{"text":"gaan,","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"vader","gloss":"the father"},{"text":"wilde","gloss":"to want, to wish"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"laten","gloss":"to let"},{"text":"gaan.","gloss":"to go"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e53.i7.m4a"},{"number":291,"id":"val.nl.L25.e53.i8","source":"Veel soldaten zijn ziek, zodat ze de vesting niet kunnen verlaten.","translation":"Many soldiers are ill, consequently they cannot leave the fortress.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Veel","gloss":"much"},{"text":"soldaten","gloss":"soldiers"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"ziek,","gloss":"ill"},{"text":"zodat","gloss":"so that"},{"text":"ze","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"vesting","gloss":"fortress"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"kunnen","gloss":"to be able (can)"},{"text":"verlaten.","gloss":"left"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e53.i8.m4a"},{"number":292,"id":"val.nl.L25.e53.i9","source":"Iemand heeft het gedaan, u of uw broer.","translation":"Some one has done it, either you or your brother.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Iemand","gloss":"someone"},{"text":"heeft","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"gedaan,","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"uw","gloss":"your (polite)"},{"text":"broer.","gloss":"brother"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e53.i9.m4a"},{"number":293,"id":"val.nl.L25.e53.i10","source":"Dit schilderij mag heel mooi zijn, toch bevalt het mij niet.","translation":"This picture may be very beautiful, nevertheless it does not please me.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Dit","gloss":"this"},{"text":"schilderij","gloss":"painting"},{"text":"mag","gloss":"may"},{"text":"heel","gloss":"whole"},{"text":"mooi","gloss":"nice, beautiful"},{"text":"zijn,","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"toch","gloss":"indeed, after all (here: 'I did warn you, after all')"},{"text":"bevalt","gloss":"pleases"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"niet.","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e53.i10.m4a"},{"number":294,"id":"val.nl.L25.e53.i11","source":"Ik ken hem noch zijn vrouw.","translation":"I know neither him nor his wife.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"ken","gloss":"know"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"noch","gloss":"nor"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"vrouw.","gloss":"a woman, a lady"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e53.i11.m4a"},{"number":295,"id":"val.nl.L25.e53.i12","source":"Ik had niet verwacht u hier te zien, wat mijn genoegen u te ontmoeten juist groter maakt.","translation":"I did not expect to see you here, the greater is my pleasure to meet you.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"had","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"verwacht","gloss":"expect"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"hier","gloss":"here"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"zien,","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"genoegen","gloss":"pleasure"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"ontmoeten","gloss":"to meet"},{"text":"juist","gloss":"exactly"},{"text":"groter","gloss":"great"},{"text":"maakt.","gloss":"to make (weak)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e53.i12.m4a"},{"number":296,"id":"val.nl.L25.e53.i13","source":"Niet alleen de koning werd verwacht, maar ook de koningin en de prinses.","translation":"Not only the king was expected, but also the queen and the princess.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"alleen","gloss":"only"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"koning","gloss":"king, kings"},{"text":"werd","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"verwacht,","gloss":"expect"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ook","gloss":"also, likewise"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"koningin","gloss":"queen"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"prinses.","gloss":"princess"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e53.i13.m4a"},{"number":297,"id":"val.nl.L25.e53.i14","source":"Toen ik hier aankwam, was het helemaal donker.","translation":"When I arrived here, it was quite dark.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Toen","gloss":"as, when"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"hier","gloss":"here"},{"text":"aankwam,","gloss":"arrived"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"helemaal","gloss":"entirely"},{"text":"donker.","gloss":"dark"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e53.i14.m4a"},{"number":298,"id":"val.nl.L25.e53.i15","source":"Omdat hij niet werkt, zal ik hem niets geven.","translation":"As he does not work, I shall give him nothing.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Omdat","gloss":"because"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"werkt,","gloss":"works"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"niets","gloss":"nothing"},{"text":"geven.","gloss":"to give"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e53.i15.m4a"},{"number":299,"id":"val.nl.L25.e53.i16","source":"Ik verzoek u te wachten tot ik deze brief geschreven heb.","translation":"I want you to wait till I have written this letter.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"verzoek","gloss":"to beg, to request"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"wachten","gloss":"wait"},{"text":"tot","gloss":"until, to"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"brief","gloss":"letter"},{"text":"geschreven","gloss":"to write"},{"text":"heb.","gloss":"to have, to have had"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e53.i16.m4a"},{"number":300,"id":"val.nl.L25.e53.i17","source":"Sinds ik mijn ouders verloren heb, ben ik helemaal alleen.","translation":"Since I have lost my parents, I am quite alone.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Sinds","gloss":"since"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"ouders","gloss":"parents"},{"text":"verloren","gloss":"to lose"},{"text":"heb,","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"ben","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"helemaal","gloss":"entirely"},{"text":"alleen.","gloss":"only"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e53.i17.m4a"},{"number":301,"id":"val.nl.L25.e53.i18","source":"Nadat ik had ontbeten, maakte ik een wandeling, hoewel het een beetje regende.","translation":"After I had breakfasted, I took a walk, although it rained a little.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Nadat","gloss":"after"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"had","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"ontbeten,","gloss":"to breakfast"},{"text":"maakte","gloss":"to make (weak)"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"wandeling,","gloss":"walk"},{"text":"hoewel","gloss":"although"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"beetje","gloss":"little"},{"text":"regende.","gloss":"to be rained on"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e53.i18.m4a"},{"number":302,"id":"val.nl.L25.e53.i19","source":"Zodra de koningin aankomt, waarschuw ons dan alsjeblieft.","translation":"As soon as the queen arrives, please to inform us.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Zodra","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"koningin","gloss":"queen"},{"text":"aankomt,","gloss":"arrives"},{"text":"waarschuw","gloss":"warn"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"alsjeblieft.","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e53.i19.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 25: exercise 54","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":303,"id":"val.nl.L25.e54.i1","source":"Ik weet niet of hij rijk of arm is.","translation":"I do not know, whether he is rich or poor.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"weet","gloss":"to know"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"rijk","gloss":"rich, richer"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"arm","gloss":"poor, poorer"},{"text":"is.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e54.i1.m4a"},{"number":304,"id":"val.nl.L25.e54.i2","source":"Vraag hem of hij zijn paard wil verkopen!","translation":"Ask him if he will sell his horse!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Vraag","gloss":"to ask"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"paard","gloss":"horse"},{"text":"wil","gloss":"to want, to wish"},{"text":"verkopen!","gloss":"sale"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e54.i2.m4a"},{"number":305,"id":"val.nl.L25.e54.i3","source":"Waarom hebt u zo lang geslapen?","translation":"Why did you sleep so long?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Waarom","gloss":"why"},{"text":"hebt","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"lang","gloss":"long"},{"text":"geslapen?","gloss":"to sleep"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e54.i3.m4a"},{"number":306,"id":"val.nl.L25.e54.i4","source":"Ik sliep zo lang omdat ik zo moe was.","translation":"I slept so long because I was very tired.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"sliep","gloss":"to sleep"},{"text":"zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"lang","gloss":"long"},{"text":"omdat","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"zo","gloss":"so, as"},{"text":"moe","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"was.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e54.i4.m4a"},{"number":307,"id":"val.nl.L25.e54.i5","source":"Ik ga met u mee, onder één voorwaarde, dat u voortaan wat meer op tijd bent.","translation":"I will go with you, if you promise me to be more punctual in future.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"ga","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"mee,","gloss":"along, with"},{"text":"onder","gloss":"under; among"},{"text":"één","gloss":"one"},{"text":"voorwaarde,","gloss":"terms"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"voortaan","gloss":"henceforth"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"meer","gloss":"more"},{"text":"op","gloss":"on, upon"},{"text":"tijd","gloss":"time"},{"text":"bent.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e54.i5.m4a"},{"number":308,"id":"val.nl.L25.e54.i6","source":"Als u arm bent, doe dan niet alsof u rijk bent!","translation":"If you are poor, do not wish to seem rich!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"arm","gloss":"poor, poorer"},{"text":"bent,","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"doe","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"dan","gloss":"then"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"alsof","gloss":"as though"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"rijk","gloss":"rich, richer"},{"text":"bent!","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e54.i6.m4a"},{"number":309,"id":"val.nl.L25.e54.i7","source":"De meester wil hem geen vergiffenis schenken, zolang hij zich niet verbetert.","translation":"The master will not pardon him, until he improves.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"meester","gloss":"teacher (in everyday speech, meester/schoolmeester is often used for a primary-school teacher; a teacher at a public secondary school (H.B.S.) or a gymnasium is called leraar, a university professor is called professor or hoogleraar)"},{"text":"wil","gloss":"to want, to wish"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"geen","gloss":"no, not a"},{"text":"vergiffenis","gloss":"forgiveness"},{"text":"schenken,","gloss":"to grant"},{"text":"zolang","gloss":"as long as"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"zich","gloss":"oneself, himself, themselves"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"verbetert.","gloss":"improves"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e54.i7.m4a"},{"number":310,"id":"val.nl.L25.e54.i8","source":"Ik weet niet hoe hij dat zal krijgen.","translation":"I do not know how he will get it.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"weet","gloss":"to know"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"krijgen.","gloss":"to get; honger krijgen: to become hungry"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e54.i8.m4a"},{"number":311,"id":"val.nl.L25.e54.i9","source":"Het is net alsof ik u ergens gezien heb.","translation":"It seems to me as if I had seen you somewhere.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"net","gloss":"net"},{"text":"alsof","gloss":"as though"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"ergens","gloss":"somewhere"},{"text":"gezien","gloss":"to see"},{"text":"heb.","gloss":"to have, to have had"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e54.i9.m4a"},{"number":312,"id":"val.nl.L25.e54.i10","source":"Voor het geval u mijn hulp nodig hebt, roep mij dan!","translation":"In case you want my assistance, call me!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"geval","gloss":"case"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"hulp","gloss":"help"},{"text":"nodig","gloss":"needed (nodig hebben: to need)"},{"text":"hebt,","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"roep","gloss":"to cry to"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"dan!","gloss":"then"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e54.i10.m4a"},{"number":313,"id":"val.nl.L25.e54.i11","source":"Lees het twee keer, anders vergeet u het.","translation":"Read it twice, lest you forget it!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Lees","gloss":"read"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"twee","gloss":"two"},{"text":"keer,","gloss":"time (an occasion)"},{"text":"anders","gloss":"otherwise"},{"text":"vergeet","gloss":"to forget"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"het.","gloss":"it; the"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e54.i11.m4a"},{"number":314,"id":"val.nl.L25.e54.i12","source":"De koopman zal veel of weinig verkopen, al naar gelang de prijs hoog of laag is.","translation":"The merchant will sell much or little, according as the price is high or low.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"koopman","gloss":"merchant"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"veel","gloss":"much"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"weinig","gloss":"little, few"},{"text":"verkopen,","gloss":"sale"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"gelang","gloss":"according"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"prijs","gloss":"price"},{"text":"hoog","gloss":"high; (of age) great, old"},{"text":"of","gloss":"or; whether"},{"text":"laag","gloss":"low"},{"text":"is.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e54.i12.m4a"},{"number":315,"id":"val.nl.L25.e54.i13","source":"Wij gaan niet, tenzij zij ons uitnodigen.","translation":"We shall not go, unless they invite us.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"gaan","gloss":"to go"},{"text":"niet,","gloss":"not"},{"text":"tenzij","gloss":"unless"},{"text":"zij","gloss":"she; they"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"uitnodigen.","gloss":"invited"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e54.i13.m4a"},{"number":316,"id":"val.nl.L25.e54.i14","source":"Romulus verdween, zonder dat iemand wist hoe hij was omgekomen.","translation":"Romulus disappeared without any one knowing how he had perished.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Romulus","gloss":"Romulus"},{"text":"verdween,","gloss":"to disappear"},{"text":"zonder","gloss":"without"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"iemand","gloss":"someone"},{"text":"wist","gloss":"to know"},{"text":"hoe","gloss":"how"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"omgekomen.","gloss":"to perish"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e54.i14.m4a"},{"number":317,"id":"val.nl.L25.e54.i15","source":"Al had u ook de beste boeken, als u niet hard studeert, zult u nooit de Nederlandse taal leren.","translation":"Though you should have the best books, if you do not study well, you will never know the Dutch language.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"had","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"ook","gloss":"also, likewise"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"beste","gloss":"best"},{"text":"boeken,","gloss":"books"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"hard","gloss":"hard"},{"text":"studeert,","gloss":"study"},{"text":"zult","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"nooit","gloss":"never"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"Nederlandse","gloss":"Dutch"},{"text":"taal","gloss":"language"},{"text":"leren.","gloss":"a) to learn, b) = to teach"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e54.i15.m4a"},{"number":318,"id":"val.nl.L25.e54.i16","source":"Vraag hem wanneer hij zal komen!","translation":"Ask him when he will come!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Vraag","gloss":"to ask"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"wanneer","gloss":"if"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"komen!","gloss":"to come"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e54.i16.m4a"},{"number":319,"id":"val.nl.L25.e54.i17","source":"Ik weet niet waarom hij mij nog niet geschreven heeft.","translation":"I do not know why he has not yet written to me.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"weet","gloss":"to know"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"waarom","gloss":"why"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"mij","gloss":"me"},{"text":"nog","gloss":"still, yet; another"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"geschreven","gloss":"to write"},{"text":"heeft.","gloss":"to have, to have had"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e54.i17.m4a"},{"number":320,"id":"val.nl.L25.e54.i18","source":"Helaas, wat is hij arm!","translation":"Alas, what a poor man he is!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Helaas,","gloss":"alas"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"arm!","gloss":"poor, poorer"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e54.i18.m4a"},{"number":321,"id":"val.nl.L25.e54.i19","source":"Hoera, lang leve de koningin!","translation":"Hurrah, long live the queen!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Hoera,","gloss":"Hoera"},{"text":"lang","gloss":"long"},{"text":"leve","gloss":"live"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"koningin!","gloss":"queen"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e54.i19.m4a"},{"number":322,"id":"val.nl.L25.e54.i20","source":"O wee, wat een vervaarlijk dier ligt daar!","translation":"Hah, what a huge animal lies there!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"O","gloss":"oh"},{"text":"wee,","gloss":"woe"},{"text":"wat","gloss":"what"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"vervaarlijk","gloss":"huge"},{"text":"dier","gloss":"animal"},{"text":"ligt","gloss":"to lie (be situated)"},{"text":"daar!","gloss":"as, since, because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e54.i20.m4a"},{"number":323,"id":"val.nl.L25.e54.i21","source":"Holla! Kom ons halen.","translation":"Hollo! come and fetch us.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Holla!","gloss":"Holla"},{"text":"Kom","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"halen.","gloss":"fetch"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e54.i21.m4a"},{"number":324,"id":"val.nl.L25.e54.i22","source":"Vaarwel, mijn waarde vriend, ik wens u veel genoegen en hoop u spoedig weer te zien.","translation":"Adieu, my dear friend, I wish you much pleasure and hope to see you soon back!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Vaarwel,","gloss":"farewell"},{"text":"mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"waarde","gloss":"value"},{"text":"vriend,","gloss":"friend"},{"text":"ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"wens","gloss":"to wish"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"veel","gloss":"much"},{"text":"genoegen","gloss":"pleasure"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"hoop","gloss":"hope"},{"text":"u","gloss":"you (polite)"},{"text":"spoedig","gloss":"soon"},{"text":"weer","gloss":"again"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"zien.","gloss":"to see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e54.i22.m4a"},{"number":325,"id":"val.nl.L25.e54.i23","source":"Pst, stil daar!","translation":"Hush, keep silent there!","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Pst,","gloss":"hush"},{"text":"stil","gloss":"hush! quiet!"},{"text":"daar!","gloss":"as, since, because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e54.i23.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lesson 25: exercise 55","teaching":[],"lines":[{"number":326,"id":"val.nl.L25.e55.i1","source":"G., 1 mei 1912.","translation":"G., May 1st, 1912.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"G.,","gloss":"g"},{"text":"1","gloss":"1st"},{"text":"mei","gloss":"May"},{"text":"1912.","gloss":"1912"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e55.i1.m4a"},{"number":327,"id":"val.nl.L25.e55.i2","source":"Mijn beste Willem,","translation":"Dear William,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Mijn","gloss":"my"},{"text":"beste","gloss":"best"},{"text":"Willem,","gloss":"Willem"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e55.i2.m4a"},{"number":328,"id":"val.nl.L25.e55.i3","source":"Ik schrijf je om je te laten weten dat we morgen in plaats van om 3 uur, om 2 uur vertrekken, zoals we eerst van plan waren.","translation":"I write to tell you that we start tomorrow at 2 o'clock, instead of 3, as at first proposed.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ik","gloss":"I"},{"text":"schrijf","gloss":"write"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"om","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"laten","gloss":"to let"},{"text":"weten","gloss":"to know"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"we","gloss":"we"},{"text":"morgen","gloss":"morning"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"plaats","gloss":"place"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"om","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"},{"text":"3","gloss":"3"},{"text":"uur,","gloss":"hour"},{"text":"om","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"},{"text":"2","gloss":"2"},{"text":"uur","gloss":"hour"},{"text":"vertrekken,","gloss":"depart"},{"text":"zoals","gloss":"as"},{"text":"we","gloss":"we"},{"text":"eerst","gloss":"first (of all)"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"plan","gloss":"plan, plans"},{"text":"waren.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e55.i3.m4a"},{"number":329,"id":"val.nl.L25.e55.i4","source":"Robert zegt dat we niet te vroeg zullen aankomen, want de afstand is groot en de weg is zeer heuvelachtig.","translation":"Robert says that we shall not be there too soon; for the distance is great, and the road very hilly.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Robert","gloss":"Robert"},{"text":"zegt","gloss":"to say"},{"text":"dat","gloss":"that; that (conjunction)"},{"text":"we","gloss":"we"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"vroeg","gloss":"asked"},{"text":"zullen","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"aankomen,","gloss":"arrive"},{"text":"want","gloss":"for, because"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"afstand","gloss":"distance"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"groot","gloss":"great"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"weg","gloss":"away; road"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"zeer","gloss":"very"},{"text":"heuvelachtig.","gloss":"hilly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e55.i4.m4a"},{"number":330,"id":"val.nl.L25.e55.i5","source":"Gisteravond, ongeveer een uur nadat je ons had verlaten, is hier bij de veerpont bijna een man verdronken.","translation":"Yesterday evening, about an hour after you left us, a man was nearly drowned at the ferry here.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Gisteravond,","gloss":"yesterday evening"},{"text":"ongeveer","gloss":"about"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"uur","gloss":"hour"},{"text":"nadat","gloss":"after"},{"text":"je","gloss":"you; your"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"had","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"verlaten,","gloss":"left"},{"text":"is","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"hier","gloss":"here"},{"text":"bij","gloss":"with"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"veerpont","gloss":"ferry"},{"text":"bijna","gloss":"nearly"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"man","gloss":"man; husband"},{"text":"verdronken.","gloss":"to drown, to be drowned"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e55.i5.m4a"},{"number":331,"id":"val.nl.L25.e55.i6","source":"De duisternis begon net te vallen, en omdat hij grote haast had, sprong hij uit de boot voordat deze de aanlegplaats bereikt had.","translation":"It was just getting dark and being in a great hurry, he sprang out of the boat, before it had reached the landing place.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"De","gloss":"the"},{"text":"duisternis","gloss":"darkness"},{"text":"begon","gloss":"to begin"},{"text":"net","gloss":"net"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"vallen,","gloss":"to fall"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"omdat","gloss":"because"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"grote","gloss":"big, great"},{"text":"haast","gloss":"haste"},{"text":"had,","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"sprong","gloss":"to spring"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"boot","gloss":"boat"},{"text":"voordat","gloss":"before"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"aanlegplaats","gloss":"landing place"},{"text":"bereikt","gloss":"to reach"},{"text":"had.","gloss":"to have, to have had"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e55.i6.m4a"},{"number":332,"id":"val.nl.L25.e55.i7","source":"Waarschijnlijk door de duisternis misleid, sprong hij niet ver genoeg, verloor zijn evenwicht en viel ruggelings in het water.","translation":"Deceived probably by the darkness, he did not spring quite far enough, and losing his balance, fell backwards into the water.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Waarschijnlijk","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"duisternis","gloss":"darkness"},{"text":"misleid,","gloss":"misled"},{"text":"sprong","gloss":"to spring"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ver","gloss":"far"},{"text":"genoeg,","gloss":"enough"},{"text":"verloor","gloss":"to lose"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"evenwicht","gloss":"balance"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"viel","gloss":"to fall"},{"text":"ruggelings","gloss":"backwards"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"water.","gloss":"water"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e55.i7.m4a"},{"number":333,"id":"val.nl.L25.e55.i8","source":"Er werd alles aan gedaan om hem te redden, maar door de sterke stroom langs de kant was hij snel uit het zicht.","translation":"Great efforts were made to save him, but the stream on the side being strong, it carried him out of sight.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Er","gloss":"there"},{"text":"werd","gloss":"to become, to get"},{"text":"alles","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"gedaan","gloss":"to do"},{"text":"om","gloss":"around; at (time); in order to"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"te","gloss":"to"},{"text":"redden,","gloss":"save"},{"text":"maar","gloss":"but"},{"text":"door","gloss":"through"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"sterke","gloss":"strong"},{"text":"stroom","gloss":"stream"},{"text":"langs","gloss":"along"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"kant","gloss":"hand"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"snel","gloss":"quickly"},{"text":"uit","gloss":"out of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"zicht.","gloss":"sight"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e55.i8.m4a"},{"number":334,"id":"val.nl.L25.e55.i9","source":"Net toen hij weer boven kwam, greep een man die in zijn eentje aan het vissen was en zijn netten had uitgeworpen, hem met een lange lijn.","translation":"Just, when he reappeared, a lonely fisher who had cast out his nets, caught him with a long rope.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Net","gloss":"net"},{"text":"toen","gloss":"as, when"},{"text":"hij","gloss":"he"},{"text":"weer","gloss":"again"},{"text":"boven","gloss":"above, over"},{"text":"kwam,","gloss":"to come"},{"text":"greep","gloss":"to catch"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"man","gloss":"man; husband"},{"text":"die","gloss":"who (relative)"},{"text":"in","gloss":"in"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"eentje","gloss":"one"},{"text":"aan","gloss":"on, at, to"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"vissen","gloss":"fished"},{"text":"was","gloss":"to be (irregular)"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"zijn","gloss":"his; to be"},{"text":"netten","gloss":"nets"},{"text":"had","gloss":"to have, to have had"},{"text":"uitgeworpen,","gloss":"cast out"},{"text":"hem","gloss":"him"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"lange","gloss":"long"},{"text":"lijn.","gloss":"line"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e55.i9.m4a"},{"number":335,"id":"val.nl.L25.e55.i10","source":"Het was een jammerlijke illustratie van het spreekwoord: “Haastige spoed is zelden goed.”","translation":"It was a sad illustration of the proverb: “The more haste, the less speed.”","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"was","gloss":"was"},{"text":"een","gloss":"a"},{"text":"jammerlijke","gloss":"sad"},{"text":"illustratie","gloss":"illustration"},{"text":"van","gloss":"of, from"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"spreekwoord:","gloss":"proverb"},{"text":"“Haastige","gloss":"hasty"},{"text":"spoed","gloss":"haste"},{"text":"is","gloss":"is"},{"text":"zelden","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"goed.”","gloss":"good, well"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e55.i10.m4a"},{"number":336,"id":"val.nl.L25.e55.i11","source":"Laat dit ons allen ter waarschuwing strekken, als wij toevallig met dezelfde boot de rivier moeten oversteken en deze naar alle waarschijnlijkheid niet zal terugkeren voordat het helemaal donker is.","translation":"Let it be a warning to us all, as we shall have to cross the river in the same boat, and in all probability shall not return, till it is quite dark.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Laat","gloss":"to let"},{"text":"dit","gloss":"this"},{"text":"ons","gloss":"us"},{"text":"allen","gloss":"all"},{"text":"ter","gloss":"for the"},{"text":"waarschuwing","gloss":"warning"},{"text":"strekken,","gloss":"serve"},{"text":"als","gloss":"if"},{"text":"wij","gloss":"we"},{"text":"toevallig","gloss":"by chance"},{"text":"met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"dezelfde","gloss":"the same"},{"text":"boot","gloss":"boat"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"rivier","gloss":"river"},{"text":"moeten","gloss":"to have to, must"},{"text":"oversteken","gloss":"cross"},{"text":"en","gloss":"and"},{"text":"deze","gloss":"the latter (the most recently mentioned)"},{"text":"naar","gloss":"to, towards"},{"text":"alle","gloss":"all"},{"text":"waarschijnlijkheid","gloss":"probability"},{"text":"niet","gloss":"not"},{"text":"zal","gloss":"shall, will"},{"text":"terugkeren","gloss":"returned"},{"text":"voordat","gloss":"before"},{"text":"het","gloss":"it; the"},{"text":"helemaal","gloss":"entirely"},{"text":"donker","gloss":"dark"},{"text":"is.","gloss":"to be (irregular)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e55.i11.m4a"},{"number":337,"id":"val.nl.L25.e55.i12","source":"Met de beste wensen voor al de jouwen, geloof me,","translation":"With kind regards to all at home, believe me,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Met","gloss":"with"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"beste","gloss":"best"},{"text":"wensen","gloss":"wish"},{"text":"voor","gloss":"for"},{"text":"al","gloss":"already"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"jouwen,","gloss":"your"},{"text":"geloof","gloss":"to believe"},{"text":"me,","gloss":"me"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e55.i12.m4a"},{"number":338,"id":"val.nl.L25.e55.i13","source":"helemaal de jouwe, W. N.","translation":"Yours sincerely, W. N.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"helemaal","gloss":"entirely"},{"text":"de","gloss":"the"},{"text":"jouwe,","gloss":"your"},{"text":"W.","gloss":"W"},{"text":"N.","gloss":"No."}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-nl/val.nl.L25.e55.i13.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]}]}