German Basic Course 1732 Studios

German · Unit 24

Unit 24: Extended Adjective Constructions

Volume 2

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Extended adjective constructions

A construction of written German

An extended adjective construction is a noun with a long group of modifiers before it.

It belongs to written German. It is heard when a speech or a lecture is read aloud, but never in normal conversation.

The aim is not to learn these sentences by heart. The aim is to understand them by eye and by ear, and to rewrite them as ordinary clauses.

A participle with -end

A past participle can stand before a noun as an adjective: eine geschlossene Vorstellung, seine verheiratete Tochter.

German also has a present participle. It is the infinitive stem of the verb plus the suffix -end. Stehen gives stehend, standing. Kommen gives kommend, coming.

A present participle can also stand before a noun as an adjective: die kommenden Wahlen, eine dringende Sache.

Many modifiers before one noun

English and German both use an adverb to modify an adjective: ein sehr grosser Wagen, a very large car.

German can put almost any number of modifiers before a noun. They can give time, manner and place, and the group can be long.

The first sign of the construction is a specifier followed by a word that normal speech would not put there. In Der gestern, the adverb gestern follows the specifier.

Find the noun, then the participle

Take Der gestern von Konsul Becker diktierte Brief. Every word before Brief tells something about Brief. Find that noun at the end first.

Then find the participle. It usually stands right before the noun. Here it is diktierte.

The other words then fall into place. Normal speech puts them in a relative clause: Der Brief, der gestern von Konsul Becker diktiert wurde.

A reading

This is a reading of extended adjective constructions, sorted by type. The examples come from German diplomatic notes and telegrams of the 1930s.

  1. 1

    It was a closed performance.

    Esit
    warwas
    eineone Mark
    geschlosseneclosed
    Vorstellung.idea, representation
  2. 2

    His married daughter lives in Berlin.

  3. 3

    standing

  4. 4

    coming

  5. 5

    The coming elections

  6. 6

    A pressing matter

  7. 7

    A very large car

  8. 8

    the previously convicted man

FSI German Basic Course (1961), Unit 24, Notes on Grammar

S0. EXTENDED ADJECTIVE CONSTRUCTIONS

1

This unit deals with written forms of the language. They may also be heard as speeches or lectures being read aloud, but never in normal conversation. Thus you will not be expected to learn the material in the same way you learned the Basic Sentences in the previous units. But you will be expected to be able to cope with the extended adjective constructions by comprehending them visually and aurally and being able to convert the examples into main and subordinate clauses.
S0. EXTENDED ADJECTIVE CONSTRUCTIONS

p1. PRESENT PARTICIPLES

Es war eine geschlossene Vorstellung.
It was a closed performance.

Seine verheiratete Tochter wohnt in Berlin.
His married daughter lives in Berlin.

stehen - stehend
standing

kommen - kommend
coming

Die kommenden Wahlen
The coming elections

Eine dringende Sache
A pressing matter

In Unit 13 you learned to use PAST PARTICIPLES as ADJECTIVES in the attributive position:

There are also in German PRESENT PARTICIPLES formed by adding the suffix -end to the INFINITIVE STEM of the VERB:

These can also be used as ATTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVES:
S0. EXTENDED ADJECTIVE CONSTRUCTIONS

2. EXTENDED ADJECTIVE CONSTRUCTIONS

Ein sehr grosser Wagen
A very large car

Der vorbestrafte Mann
the previously convicted man

Both English and German use ADVERBS to modify ADJECTIVES:

There is, theoretically at least, almost no limit to the number of modifiers that can precede a noun in German. Modifiers of time, manner and place may be joined together into seemingly formidable structures. For the American, the task is simply to recognize these structures and to sort them out. The first sign of an extended adjective construction is a sequence of specifier and another specifier or modifier which clash with normal spoken sequences:

Der gestern von Konsul Becker diktierte Brief.

Where we would have expected in normal speech:

Der Brief, der gestern von Konsul Becker diktiert wurde.

or: Der Brief, den Konsul Becker gestern diktierte.

It can be seen at once that the listener should catch all the data and apply it to the noun at the end. The reader should find the noun to which all preceding modifiers apply:

Der gestern von Konsul Becker diktierte Brief.

The next element to locate is the participle. It can usually be found just before the noun. Once these elements are identified, it is no problem to fit the others into place, and, if necessary, to translate.
S0. EXTENDED ADJECTIVE CONSTRUCTIONS

3. TYPES of EXTENDED ADJECTIVE CONSTRUCTIONS

The examples are taken from German diplomatic notes and telegrams of the 1930s.

Conversion Drill I

A past participle before the noun

A past participle before the noun can be translated as a passive. Der gestern von Konsul Becker diktierte Brief is the letter that was dictated yesterday by Consul Becker.

The noun can also be translated as the object of the past participle: the letter that Consul Becker dictated yesterday.

Adjectives and adverbs alone

Some constructions have no participle, only adjectives and adverbs. They can be translated as a relative clause with the verb to be.

One word can be an adjective or an adverb. Its use decides which. Möglichen is an adjective. Möglichst, with the suffix -st, is an adverb.

Tell the adjectives from the adverbs before sorting out the construction.

A conversion drill

This is a drill. Each item converts a relative clause to an extended adjective construction, or an extended adjective construction to a relative clause.

Der Brief, der gestern von Konsul Becker diktiert wurde, becomes Der gestern von Konsul Becker diktierte Brief.

  1. 9

    His party has already set aside a position for the minister who will probably resign.

  2. 10

    The State Secretary described the press reports of the minister's possible resignation as unfounded.

  3. 11

    The incidents, which are increasing by the hour, are becoming a threat to peace.

  4. 12

    The military action, which was unexpected in both its timing and scope, reduced the danger of panic.

  5. 13

    Several of the statesmen responsible for concluding the treaty have already arrived in the capital.

  6. 14

    The Ambassador is negotiating today on the additional protocol requested by his government.

FSI German Basic Course (1961), Unit 24, Notes on Grammar

C. PAST PARTICIPLE

1

The PAST PARTICIPLE can be translated as a passive or the NOUN as the OBJECT of the PAST PARTICIPLE:
D. ADJECTIVE and ADVERB

1

The clause consisting of adjectives and adverbs alone can be translated by forming a relative clause with the verb to be:

In sorting out the pieces of these constructions be sure you can differentiate an adverb from an adjective. The same word may be an adjective or an adverb depending on its use. In 1) möglichen is an adjective while in 3) möglichst (the superlative) is an adverb.
S5. CONVERSION DRILL

1

Cover up one column at a time converting from relative clause to extended adjective construction and vice - versa, a page at a time.
  1. 15

    The nations involved in the mediation effort in the latest Far Eastern conflict are still negotiating.

  2. 16

    The classified document, which may be deciphered only by the head of the agency or his deputy, concerns measures to prevent panic from being stirred up.

  3. 17

    Dass das Memorandum,das von der Luftwaffe als Geheime Kommandosache behandelt wird, pazifistische Gesichtspunkte enthalte, glaubt Ihnen keiner.

    No one believes your claim that the memorandum, which the Air Force is treating as a secret command matter, contains pacifist views.

  4. 18

    The statements by a party leader about an imminent new Far Eastern conflict, which caused a public sensation, are described by the government as unfounded.

  5. 19

    The Under State Secretary requested the papers that are in Washington so that he could negotiate.

  6. 20

    The outlook, which is favorable for the development of our policy in Central Europe, will further reduce the danger of a new war being unleashed.

  1. 21

    The statesman tried to eliminate the conditions that were intolerable for his country.

  2. 22

    The embassy report that arrived on Friday referred to a statement by the prime minister.

  3. 23

    The contents of the letter sent to the Labour Party caused a great deal of attention.

  4. 24

    How will the statement that the minister made yesterday affect the elections?

  5. 25

    The reduction in working hours implemented by various EEC countries caused no harm.

  6. 26

    The records that the Under State Secretary is keeping secret are said to be connected with the Far Eastern conflict.

  1. 27

    The assignment that the new chief took on had to be completed by a specified time.

  2. 28

    The new government's military measures, which have also surprised the public here, have become a threat to peace.

  3. 29

    The measures provided for by the mediation effort were carried out on a surprising scale.

  4. 30

    The development that the government expected was thwarted by the latest election.

  5. 31

    The Chancellor stated that the new laws would also apply in the territories that have yet to be specified more precisely.

  6. 32

    The papers that we requested have not yet arrived.

  1. 33

    The questionnaire that Herr Schuster completed is currently being processed.

  2. 34

    The passport that my sister applied for was sent by mail today.

  3. 35

    The referendum that will take place this year will be important for the country's future.

  4. 36

    The countries that belong to the EEC held a debate on new economic problems at their last conference.

  5. 37

    The statement that our envoy is to repeat is regarded by our government as a necessary measure.

  6. 38

    The only remaining question for the government to investigate is how such a crisis could have arisen in industry.

  1. 39

    Der Behördenleiter wurde gebeten, das Gerücht eines neuen Fernost-Konflikts, das auch durch die Presse gegangen ist, als unbegründet zu bezeichnen.

    The head of the agency was asked to describe the rumor of a new Far Eastern conflict, which had also appeared in the press, as unfounded.

  2. 40

    Die Frage eines Zusatz-Protokolls, das vom Auswärtigen Amt gewünscht wurde, kann in kurzer Zeit geklärt werden, wenn ein verantwortlicher Vertreter der Regierung in London selbst darüber verhandeln kann.

    The question of an additional protocol requested by the Foreign Office can be settled quickly if a responsible representative of the government can negotiate it in London itself.

Der Botschafter in London an das Auswärtige Amt

  1. 41

    Der Botschafter in London an das Auswärtige Amt Politischer Bericht London, den 10. Juni 1938 Eingegangen: 18. Juni Pol.

    The Ambassador in London to the Foreign Office. Political Report. London, June 10, 1938. Received: June 18. Political Dept.

  2. 42

    II 1875 Inhalt: Die tschechische Krise, ihre Wirkung auf England.

    II 1875. Subject: The Czech crisis and its effect on England.

  3. 43

    ... An positiven Äusserungen sind insbesondere zu verzeichnen die Zuschriften des der Arbeiterpartei angehörenden betont deutschfreundlichen Lord Noel-Buxton ...

    ... Among the favorable statements, particular note should be made of the letters from Lord Noel-Buxton, a member of the Labour Party who is avowedly friendly toward Germany ...

Document A.2

  1. 44

    ... Es bleibt die Frage zu untersuchen, wie es überhaupt zu einer derartigen an Panik grenzenden Erregung in England kommen konnte ...

    ... The question remains to be examined as to how such agitation, bordering on panic, could have arisen in England at all ...

Memorandum

  1. 45

    Godesberg, 23 September 1938 Memorandum Die von Stunde zu Stunde sich mehrenden Nachrichten über Zwischenfälle im Sudetenlande beweisen, dass die Lage für das Sudetendeutschtum völlig unerträglich und damit zu einer Gefahr für den europäischen Frieden geworden ist.

    Godesberg, September 23, 1938. Memorandum. The reports of incidents in the Sudetenland, increasing from hour to hour, prove that the situation has become wholly intolerable for the Sudeten Germans and thus a danger to European peace.

  1. 46

    Memorandum. The German Government agrees to allow a plebiscite to be held in the areas to be specified in greater detail no later than November 25.

Aufzeichnung über die erste Besprechung zwischen den britischen und französischen Premierministern, dem Duce und dem Führer in München, am 29. September 1938

  1. 47

    Aufzeichnung über die erste Besprechung zwischen den britischen und französischen Premierministern, dem Duce und dem Führer in München, am 29. September 1938. Sofort!

    Record of the first discussion between the British and French prime ministers, the Duce, and the Führer in Munich on September 29, 1938. Immediate!

  2. 48

    Immediate!

  3. 49

    Top secret!

  4. 50

    München, den 29. September 1938 19 Uhr Pol IV Für Unterstaatssekretär Auswärtiges Amt, Berlin Durch besonderen Boten abtragen!

    Munich, September 29, 1938, 7:00 p.m. Pol. IV. For the Undersecretary of State, Foreign Office, Berlin. Deliver by special courier!

  5. 51

    Confirmation of receipt from the Undersecretary of State to be sent here.

  6. 52

    ... Der Führer erwiderte, dass in dem an Deutschland abzutretenden Gebiet selbstverständlich die deutschen Gesetze Anwendung finden würden.

    ... The Führer replied that German laws would, of course, apply in the territory to be ceded to Germany.

  7. 53

    Received by: Heinisch

Aufzeichnung des Leiters der Wirtschaftspolitischen Abteilung

  1. 54

    Aufzeichnung des Leiters der Wirtschaftspolitischen Abteilung Berlin, den 28. August 1939 ...

    Record by the Head of the Economic Policy Department. Berlin, August 28, 1939 ...

  2. 55

    5) In Luxemburg soll, falls nötig, die Erklärung unseres Gesandten wiederholt werden, dass wir die Einstellung der Eisen- und Stahlerzeugung als eine mit der Neutralität Luxemburgs schwer zu vereinbarende Massnahme ansehen würden ...

    5) In Luxembourg, if necessary, our envoy's statement is to be repeated that we would regard the cessation of iron and steel production as a measure difficult to reconcile with Luxembourg's neutrality ...

  3. 56

    signed Wiehl

Die Deutsche Botschaft in London an das Auswärtige Amt

  1. 57

    The German Embassy in London to the Foreign Office.

  2. 58

    London, den 5. Januar 1938 A.A. eing. 6. Januar 1938 Nm. (Pol II 51) Die bereits mit Bericht vom 1. d.M. gemeldete Ernennung von Sir Robert Vansittart zum Chief Diplomatic Adviser hat in der hiesigen Öffentlichkeit allgemeines Aufsehen erregt ...

    London, January 5, 1938. Received by the Foreign Office January 6, 1938, afternoon. (Pol. II 51). The appointment of Sir Robert Vansittart as Chief Diplomatic Adviser, already reported in the dispatch of the 1st of this month, has attracted widespread attention among the public here ...

  3. 59

    Im Auftrag E.v.

    By order of E.v.

  4. 60

    Selzam

Telegramm

  1. 61

    State Secretary von Mackensen to the German Embassy in Rome. Telegram. Most secret!

  2. 62

    Nr. 352 vom 6. November 1937 Berlin, ab 6. November 1937 20.41 Uhr Rom, an 6. November 1937 20.45 Uhr Botsch.

    No. 352 of November 6, 1937. Berlin, sent November 6, 1937, 8:41 p.m. Rome, received November 6, 1937, 8:45 p.m. Embassy

  3. 63

    an 6. November 1937 23.00 Uhr Für Behördenleiter oder dessen Vertreter persönlich Verschlussache Selbst zu entziffern Wenn Sie auf auch durch die Presse gegangenen Gerüchte wegen Deutscher Vermittlungsaktion im Fernost-Konflikt angesprochen werden, bitte ich Sie, Gerüchte als ganz unbegründet zu bezeichnen.

    received November 6, 1937, 11:00 p.m. For the head of mission or his deputy personally. Classified matter. To be deciphered personally. If you are questioned about rumors, also reported in the press, concerning a German mediation initiative in the Far Eastern conflict, please describe the rumors as entirely unfounded.

  4. 64

    Mackensen

  1. 65

    The Reich Foreign Minister to the Embassy in Moscow. Telegram. Most urgent!

  2. 66

    Nr. 189 vom 20.8.

    No. 189 of August 20.

  3. 67

    Berlin, den 20. August 1939 16.35 Uhr Ankunft: 21. August 0.45 Uhr Für den Herrn Botschafter persönlich.

    Berlin, August 20, 1939, 4:35 p.m. Received: August 21, 12:45 a.m. For the Ambassador personally.

  4. 68

    Das von der Regierung der Sowjetunion gewünschte Zusatz-Protokoll kann nach meiner Überzeugung in kürzester Zeit substantiell geklärt werden, wenn ein verantwortlicher deutscher Staatsmann in Moskau hierüber selbst verhandeln kann ...

    In my conviction, the substance of the supplementary protocol desired by the Government of the Soviet Union can be settled in the shortest possible time if a responsible German statesman can personally negotiate the matter in Moscow ...

  5. 69

    Ribbentrop

Der Deutsche Botschafter in Wien an den Führer und Reichskanzler

  1. 70

    The German Ambassador in Vienna to the Führer and Reich Chancellor.

  2. 71

    Wien, den 12. Januar 1937 A.A. eing. 15. Januar 1937 Nm (Pol IV 229) Inhalt: Bilanz 1936 und Ausblick ...

    Vienna, January 12, 1937. Received by the Foreign Office January 15, 1937, afternoon. (Pol. IV 229). Subject: Review of 1936 and outlook ...

  3. 72

    In Warsaw, as I was able to determine from many conversations with my colleagues here, the Czech question is viewed solely from the standpoint of how this postwar creation might be reduced, without unleashing a European war, to a condition compatible with developments in Central Europe.

  4. 73

    Papen

Aufzeichnung des Gesandten von Bülow-Schwante, Auswärtiges Amt

  1. 74

    Aufzeichnung des Gesandten von Bülow-Schwante, Auswärtiges Amt (Unterhaltung während des Berliner Aufenthalts Mussolinis) ...

    Record by Envoy von Bülow-Schwante, Foreign Office (conversation during Mussolini's stay in Berlin) ...

  2. 75

    Der pazifistisch eingestellte Ministerpräsident Nitti habe die ganze Luftwaffe zerschlagen, und bei seiner Machtübernahme hätte er nur einige hundert in schlechtem Zustand befindliche Flugzeuge übernommen ...

    The pacifist-minded Prime Minister Nitti had destroyed the entire air force, and when he took power he had inherited only a few hundred aircraft in poor condition ...

Geheime Kommandosache

  1. 76

    Geheime Kommandosache Chef Sache Nur durch Offizier Von Offizier geschrieben Berlin, den 20. Mai 1938 Entwurf für die neue Weisung "Grün".

    Secret command matter. For the chief only. By officer only. Written by an officer. Berlin, May 20, 1938. Draft of the new directive "Green."

  2. 77

    ... Aber auch eine solche, dem Krieg vorausgehende Spannungszeit wird durch plötzliches, dem Zeitpunkt und dem Umfang nach möglichst überraschendes militärisches Handeln unsererseits ihren Abschluss finden.

    ... But even such a period of tension preceding the war will be brought to an end by sudden military action on our part, as surprising as possible in its timing and scope.

The particulars

The course
Foreign Service Institute, German Basic Course, Washington, 1961. Public domain. The teaching pages, the glosses and the narration of lines the tape lacks are ours.
Reading aloud
Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
The app
The course on your phone, with the drills, your place kept and the audio offline.
The book
New Poems, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
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