Hungarian · Unit 9

Unit 9: A nagy magyar Alföldön

Volume 1

On the Great Hungarian Plain

349 lines

Basic Sentences I

1
The Johnsons visit the Tóths. The Tóths live in the Alföld. Tóth works in a coöperative.
Johnsonékthe Johnsons
meglátogatjákvisit (v)
Tóthékat.Tóth (a Hungarian surname)
TóthékTóth (a Hungarian surname)
azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'
Alföldönlowland, plain
laknak.they live (somewhere)
TóthTóth (a Hungarian surname)
egya, an; one
szövetkezetbenco-operative
dolgozik.work (v)
2
Do you see that house? It belongs to the Tóths.
3
Isn't that Tóth standing at the gate?
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Why, yes... Here we are.

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Welcome! Have you had a nice trip?

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Not bad, only I wasn't able to drive fast. There were many carts, trucks and tractors on the road.

tudtam: I knew, was able
gyorsan: quickly, fast, rapidly
hajtani: to drive
teherautó: truck

7
Was the highway very dusty?
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It certainly was quite dusty.
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You have a beautiful small farm, Mr. Tóth.
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It's nice enough, but unfortunately too small.

poros: dusty
országút: highway, main road

11
Are you also a member of the coöperative?
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Yes, everybody in this village is a member.
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How many acres of land does the coöperative have?

mindenki: everybody

14
It has 5000 acres. It's all good land. We grow crops on it for the most part.

rajta: on it, her, him

15
What's in that farm building?
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It's a stable. That's where they keep the horses and the cows belonging to the coöperative.

istálló: stable, barn

17
Do people have their own cows in Hungary?
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Every family may own one or two cows.
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Can they keep their own poultry also?

saját: own

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Yes, they can keep them around the house.
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What do you do with them? Do you sell them?
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We eat them or sell them at the market.
23
Is the market nearby?

körül: around

24
It's not far. It's in the neighboring city.
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I see you have a nice orchard. What kind of fruit trees do you have?

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I have apple and apricot trees for the most part. But I also have a few pear and cherry trees. I think we'll have a good crop this year.

alma-: apple
körte-: pear
egy-két: few, some

27
Are those bushes there yours?
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No, they're my neighbor's raspberry shrubs.
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Your neighbor has a beautiful big house! And how large the windows of the house are!
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Yes, it's nice. Before the war he was a farmer. He had some large farms. Now he is called a "kulák".

háború: war
gazdálkodó: farmer

31
Whose dogs are those barking on the road? Yours?
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No, they're not ours. They're my neighbor's son's dogs. We have only one dog, a watch dog.
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Where's your dog?
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He's lying there in front of the gate.

Kinek: to whom
kutya: watch dog
Nekünk: to us

35
Is that your garden behind the house?
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Yes, that's my wife's kitchen garden. There are all sorts of vegetables in the garden, tomatoes in particular. There are also strawberries in one corner of the garden.

Mindenféle: all kinds, sorts

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Does your wife water the garden alone?
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No. My daughters help her.
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Are your daughters grown-up?
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Yes, they're grown-up now. They attend high school.

egyedül: alone
neki: to her, him, it

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Do they like to study?
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Yes they do, but they work hard at home also. They're good at sewing. They sew my wife's dresses also.
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You have clever daughters, Mr. Tóth!
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Yes, they're quite skillful.

Ügyes: smart, clever, able, skillful

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Do you have sons also?
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Yes, I have two sons. They work in the State Farm. They look after the horses.
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Do they get a good salary?
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Quite good.

49
What beautiful feathers those birds have!
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My neighbor says that these are his birds and they sing only for him!
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I think your wife is calling you, Mr. Tóth.
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Yes, I hear her voice. Dinner apparently is ready. We'll have chicken paprika and apple strudel for dinner. I hope you'll like it.
53
The Johnsons visit the Tóths. The Tóths live in the Alföld. Tóth works in a coöperative.
54
Do you see that house? It belongs to the Tóths.
55
Isn't that Tóth standing at the gate?
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Why, yes... Here we are.
57
Welcome! Have you had a nice trip?
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Not bad, only I wasn't able to drive fast. There were many carts, trucks and tractors on the road.
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Was the highway very dusty?
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It certainly was quite dusty.
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You have a beautiful small farm, Mr. Tóth.
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It's nice enough, but unfortunately too small.
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Are you also a member of the coöperative?
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Yes, everybody in this village is a member.
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How many acres of land does the coöperative have?
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It has 5000 acres. It's all good land. We grow crops on it for the most part.
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What's in that farm building?
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It's a stable. That's where they keep the horses and the cows belonging to the coöperative.
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Do people have their own cows in Hungary?
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Every family may own one or two cows.
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Can they keep their own poultry also?
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Yes, they can keep them around the house.
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What do you do with them? Do you sell them?
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We eat them or sell them at the market.
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Is the market nearby?
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It's not far. It's in the neighboring city.
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I see you have a nice orchard. What kind of fruit trees do you have?
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I have apple and apricot trees for the most part. But I also have a few pear and cherry trees. I think we'll have a good crop this year.
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Are those bushes there yours?
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No, they're my neighbor's raspberry shrubs.
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Your neighbor has a beautiful big house! And how large the windows of the house are!
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Yes, it's nice. Before the war he was a farmer. He had some large farms. Now he is called a "kulák".
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Whose dogs are those barking on the road? Yours?
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No, they're not ours. They're my neighbor's son's dogs. We have only one dog, a watch dog.
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Where's your dog?
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He's lying there in front of the gate.
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Is that your garden behind the house?
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Yes, that's my wife's kitchen garden. There are all sorts of vegetables in the garden, tomatoes in particular. There are also strawberries in one corner of the garden.
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Does your wife water the garden alone?
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No. My daughters help her.
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Are your daughters grown-up?
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Yes, they're grown-up now. They attend high school.
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Do they like to study?
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Yes they do, but they work hard at home also. They're good at sewing. They sew my wife's dresses also.
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You have clever daughters, Mr. Tóth!
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Yes, they're quite skillful.
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Do you have sons also?
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Yes, I have two sons. They work in the State Farm. They look after the horses.
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Do they get a good salary?
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Quite good.
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What beautiful feathers those birds have!
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My neighbor says that these are his birds and they sing only for him!
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I think your wife is calling you, Mr. Tóth.
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Yes, I hear her voice. Dinner apparently is ready. We'll have chicken paprika and apple strudel for dinner. I hope you'll like it.

a: feather
látszik: it seems
ebédre: for dinner
csirke: chicken (seasoned with) paprika
rétes: strudel
rétes: apple strudel

Notes on Grammar: The Indirect Object

To a person: the dative

Holnap írok magának. I'll write to you tomorrow. Eladjuk a házat nekik. We're selling them the house.

Hungarian puts a case ending on the indirect object. The dative is the case for the person something goes to or is done for.

Its ending is -nak for back-vowel words and -nek for front-vowel words: az embernek, to the man. Maga gives magának, maguk gives maguknak.

Me, him, them: nekem, neki, nekik

Megcsinálja ezt nekem? Is he going to do that for me?

The dative pronouns are built on nek- with an ending for each person: nekem, neked, neki, nekünk, nektek, nekik.

The dative also appears in some special expressions. A lányaim segítenek neki. My daughters help her. Word for word, 'My daughters help to her.'

The table lists the six dative pronouns. Only the ending after nek- changes.

The Indirect Object

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When will they pay the money to the man?
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We're selling them the house.
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I'll write to you tomorrow.
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Is he going to do that for me?

A. The Indirect Object (Dative Case)

Mikor fizetik ki a pénzt az embernek?  When will they pay the money to the man?
Eladjuk a házat nekik.  We're selling them the house.
Holnap írok magának.  I'll write to you tomorrow.
Megcsinálja ezt nekem?  Is he going to do that for me?

The expressions underlined in English, which include the 'indirect object', correspond to what is called the Dative Case in Hungarian. The ending of this case is -nak for back-vowel words and -nek for front-vowel words. Note also the use of nek- together with a special set of endings in forming the dative personal pronouns.

nekem | to, for me
neked | " " thee
neki | " " him, her, it
nekünk | " " us
nektek | " " you
nekik | " " them

However, the dative of maga (maguk) is magának (maguknak).

Besides its use to convey the idea of the indirect object, the dative case is employed in other ways also. One is in special expressions, such as the one used in the dialog of this unit: A lányaim segítenek neki, which literally would mean, 'My daughters help to her.' Another use of the dative is in conjunction with expressing the idea of 'to have' in Hungarian.

Notes on Grammar: Concept of 'To Have' in Hungarian

No verb for to have

Igen, két fiam van. Yes, I have two sons.

Hungarian has no verb for 'to have' in the sense of owning. It puts the thing owned in its possessive form and adds van.

Házunk van. We have a house. Word for word, 'our house is'. Barátaim vannak. I have friends. Word for word, 'my friends are'.

The possessor in the dative

Pálnak van egy háza. Paul has a house. Péternek nincs felesége. Peter doesn't have a wife.

When the possessor is a noun, it takes the dative: Pálnak, to Paul. The thing owned keeps its possessive form: háza, his house.

To stress the possessor, a dative pronoun is added. Nekünk nagy házunk van. We have a big house. Nem neki van családja, hanem nekem van családom. Not he but I have a family.

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We have a big house.
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Not he but I have a family.
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Paul has a house.
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Peter doesn't have a wife.

B. Concept of 'To Have' in Hungarian

The English word 'to have', in the sense 'to possess', has no exact equivalent in Hungarian. Instead of a specific verb form, 'having' (or 'possessing') is expressed by the possessive form of the thing or person possessed (or 'had') plus the appropriate form of van. Thus, for example, the Hungarian equivalent for 'We have a house' is: Házunk van (literally, 'Our house is'). Likewise, 'I have friends' is Barátaim vannak (literally, 'My friends are').

When it is desired to emphasize the possessor in this construction, and a personal pronoun is used, this pronoun is in the dative form.

Nekünk nagy házunk van.  We have a big house.
Nem neki van családja, hanem nekem van családom.  Not he but I have a family.

When the possessor in this construction is a noun, this noun is in the dative form.

Pálnak van egy háza.  Paul has a house.
Péternek nincs felesége.  Peter doesn't have a wife.

Notes on Grammar: Possessive with Plural Nouns and Uses of the Possessive

The -i- of many things owned

Nagy tanyái voltak. He had some large farms. Nem, azok nem a mi kutyáink. No, they're not ours.

Tanyái is 'his farms' and kutyáink is 'our dogs'. The sign of the possessive plural is -i-. It always comes before the possessive suffix.

Kutyái, his dogs. Kutyáink, our dogs. Házaim, my houses. Házaink, our houses.

One stem for every person

The stem before -i- is the same in every person. A word that ends in -a or -e lengthens it to -á- or -é-: kutya, kutyái.

A word that ends in another vowel, except -i, keeps its basic form: cipőim, my shoes.

A word that ends in -i or a consonant uses its singular 'his' form: kertje, his garden, kertjeim, my gardens.

The table gives sixteen nouns in all six persons. In each row the stem stays the same. Only the suffix after -i- changes.

Possessive with Plural Nouns, 1 of 6

Possessive with Plural Nouns, 2 of 6

Possessive with Plural Nouns, 3 of 6

Possessive with Plural Nouns, 4 of 6

Possessive with Plural Nouns, 5 of 6

Possessive with Plural Nouns, 6 of 6

A second way to say John's

Jánosnak a könyve. John's book. Word for word, 'to John his book'.

Besides the pattern of possessor then thing owned, as in Tóthék háza, Hungarian has a second. The possessor takes the dative, then comes the definite article, then the 'his' form of the thing owned.

The thing owned is always in the 'his' form, singular or plural. Jánosnak a könyvei. John's books. A tanároknak a ceruzái. The teachers' pencils.

A possessor of a possessor

Azok a szomszédom fiának a kutyái. They're my neighbor's son's dogs.

The first possessor keeps its own form: a szomszédom, my neighbor. The second possessor is in its 'his' form and the dative: fiának, to his son. Then come the article and the thing owned: a kutyái.

János barátjának a kocsija nagyon nagy. John's friend's car is very large.

Whose, and your

Kinek a könyvét olvassa? Whose book are you reading? Az úr, akinek a felesége itt van, the man whose wife is here.

When the possessor is a relative or interrogative pronoun, only the dative pattern can be used: kinek, akinek.

With maguk, your, both patterns are used. The thing owned is in the 'his' form either way. The table sets the two side by side, for one hotel and for several.

Uses of the Possessive, 1 of 2

Uses of the Possessive, 2 of 2

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John's book. ('To John his book.')
114
John's books.
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My friend's pencil.
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My friend's pencils.
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My teachers' pencils.
118
The teachers' pencils.
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The man whose wife is here...
120
Whose book are you reading?
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John's friend's car is very large.
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My friend's brother's teachers are Hungarian.
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I see the hotel room door.

C. Possessive with Plural Nouns

The examples given in the table in Unit 7 are repeated in the plural possessive forms below:

My | Thy | His, Her, Its, Your | Our | Your (familiar) | Their, Your
ceruzáim | ceruzáid | ceruzái | ceruzáink | ceruzáitok | ceruzáik
keféim | keféid | keféi | i | keféink | keféitek | keféik
cipőim | cipőid | cipői | cipőink | cipőitek | cipőik
kocsijaim | kocsijaid | kocsijai | kocsijaink | kocsijaitok | kocsijaik
késeim | késeid | kései | késeink | késeitek | késeik
kertjeim | kertjeid | kertjei | kertjeink | kertjeitek | kertjeik
ingeim | ingeid | ingei | ingeink | ingeitek | ingeik
kabátjaim | kabátjaid | kabátjai | kabátjaink | kabátjaitok | kabátjaik
asztalaim | asztalaid | asztalai | asztalaink | asztalaitok | asztalaik
házaim | házaid | házai | házaink | házaitok | házaik
szűcseim | szűcseid | szűcsei | szűcseink | szűcseitek | szűcseik
hegyeim | hegyeid | hegyei | hegyeink | hegyeitek | hegyeik
tavaim | tavaid | tavai | tavaink | tavaitok | tavaik
műveim | műveid | művei | műveink | műveitek | műveik
kezeim | kezeid | kezei | kezeink | kezeitek | kezeik
tükreim | tükreid | tükrei | tükreink | tükreitek | tükreik

Explanation: The sign of the possessive plural is -i-, which always precedes the possessive suffix. Note in the table above that the plural possessive stem of any given noun is identical for every person. For words ending in -a or -e it is formed by lengthening the final letter of the basic form to -á- or -é- respectively. If the word ends in any other vowel (excepting -i), the plural possessive stem is identical to the basic form. The plural possessive stem of words ending in -i is identical to the 'his' form of the singular noun. The stem for all regular words ending in consonants is also identical to the third person possessive of the singular noun.

D. Uses of the Possessive

In a preceding unit we discussed the Hungarian pattern: possessive noun plus noun possessed. In addition to the pattern explained in that unit, Hungarians use the following frame to express the same idea: dative form of possessor plus definite article plus third person possessive of noun indicating the thing possessed. The last element, whether singular or plural, must always be the 'his' type (see charts of Units 7 and 9):

Jánosnak a könyve. John's book. ('To John his book.')
Jánosnak a könyvei. John's books.
A barátomnak a ceruzája. My friend's pencil.
A barátomnak a ceruzái. My friend's pencils.
A tanáraimnak a ceruzái. My teachers' pencils.
A tanároknak a ceruzái. The teachers' pencils.

Note: When the possessor is a relative or interrogative pronoun, the above pattern is the only one that can be used:

Az úr, akinek a felesége itt van... The man whose wife is here...
Kinek a könyvét olvassa? Whose book are you reading?

When the possessor is maguk (your), the same pattern as above as well as the pattern referred to in the note of Unit 7 may be used. In either case the thing possessed is in the 'his' form of the possessive, singular or plural, depending on the noun:

A maguk szállodája. | Maguknak a szállodája. | Your hotel.
A maguk szállodái. | Maguknak a szállodái. | Your hotels.

In the case of a double possessive, the pattern is: Basic form of the first possessive (or corresponding possessive form if modified by a possessive adjective in English) plus dative of the third person 'his' form of the second possessive plus definite article plus third person 'his' form of word possessed, to agree in number and case according to its form and use in the sentence:

János barátjának a kocsija nagyon nagy. John's friend's car is very large.
A barátom fivérének a tanárai magyarok. My friend's brother's teachers are Hungarian.
A szálloda szobájának az ajtaját látom. I see the hotel room door.

Substitution Drill

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My secretaries are beautiful.
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Those are not my dogs.

126
Those are not my dogs.
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I also have houses.
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I don't have banks.

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I don't have banks.
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Where are my children?
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Those are not my suitcases.

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Those are not my suitcases.
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My spoons are not clean.
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My son's neckties are clean.
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My neighbor has turkeys also.

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My neighbor has turkeys also.
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Her books are there also.
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These are his windows.

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These are his windows.
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Here are her coats.

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Here are her coats.
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Our rivers are wide.
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We have plum trees also.

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We have plum trees also.
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Our books are bad.
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Our windows are big.

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Our windows are big.
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Their tables are clean.
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What kind of coats do they have?

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What kind of coats do they have?
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Are their books good?
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Their lamps are dirty.

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Their lamps are dirty.
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The boys' horses are dirty.
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My children are big.

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My children are big.
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Those are my neighbor's son's dogs.

Variation Drill

158
My dogs are behind the house.
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My houses are big.
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I have white shirts.

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I have white shirts.
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My sons draw well.
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These are my neighbor's windows.
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John has English books.

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John has English books.
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He pays his sons a salary.
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Our children are studying in the school.
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Our mountains are high.

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Our mountains are high.
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Their glasses are empty.
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The students' books are new.
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I have three pretty daughters.

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I have three pretty daughters.
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She has an eight-year-old daughter.
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We don't have a house.
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They have three cars.

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They have three cars.
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Do you have horses?
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John doesn't have his car here, but I have my car here.
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John writes a letter to me.

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John writes a letter to me.
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My sisters' husbands are Hungarian.
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My wife sells vegetables to the people.

Transformation Drill

184
Az orvosom jó.
My doctor is good.
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A fia bemegy a vízbe.
His son goes into the water.

186
A fia bemegy a vízbe.
His son goes into the water.
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A fiú kutyája az utcán ugat.
The boy's dog barks in the street.
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A lány szoknyája szép.
The girl's skirt is pretty.

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A lány szoknyája szép.
The girl's skirt is pretty.
190
Az én gyerekeim nagyok.
My children are big.

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Az én gyerekeim nagyok.
My children are big.
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Kovácsék háza nagy.
The Kovácses' house is big.
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Kovácsék kertje kicsi.
The Kovácses' garden is small.

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Kovácsék kertje kicsi.
The Kovácses' garden is small.

Translation Drill

195
Nagy has a nice farm in the United States.
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His sons and his wife help Nagy on the farm.
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Their friends visit them on Sunday morning.
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Nagy stands at the gate waiting for them.
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Finally he sees a beautiful red car coming on the road.
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Nagys' friends, the Embers, are sitting in the car.
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"Welcome", says Nagy. "I hope you had a nice trip."
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"It was very pleasant," says Ember. "There weren't many cars on the road."
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Then Nagy shows them the farm.
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Nagy has 3000 acres of land. Next year he wants to buy 500 acres more.
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It's very good land. He grows barley and corn on it mainly.
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He has four tractors and many other machines.
207
He has animals also. His horses and cows are very beautiful. He has thirty cows.

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Every day his son takes the milk into the city in their truck. There he sells it.
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The cow barn is behind the house.
210
They keep the chickens in another building.
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When the chickens are big they sell them also in the city.
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A new car is parked in front of Nagy's house. It cost 4000 dollars.
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His trucks are in front of the stable.
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He also transports the corn into the city in his trucks.
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Nagy's wife has her own car also.
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The Nagys have a beautiful kitchen garden also.
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The garden has to be irrigated. Nagy's daughters help water the garden.
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But they not only work, they study also. They go to high school.
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Every morning they go to the city by bus.
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They come home in the afternoon at four.

221
Nagy has an orchard also.
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He has apple and apricot trees for the most part.
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But he has a few cherry and plum trees too.
224
There are raspberry shrubs around the house.
225
The Nagys have a beautiful big house. The windows of the house are big and wide.
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Nagy's wife stands in the doorway. She calls her husband. Dinner is ready.
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They have chicken paprika and apple strudel for dinner.
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They eat raspberry ice cream and drink white wine.
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Late in the afternoon the Embers drive back into the capital.

Response Drill

230
Do you have children?
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Do you have a farm?
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Where is your farm?
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How many acres of land do you have?
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How many pairs of shoes do you have?
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Do you have horses?
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Do you drive fast?
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What are the American highways like?
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Is your apartment dusty?

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Do you like wheat bread?
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Do they usually eat corn?
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What do you grow in your kitchen garden?
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Do you like chicken paprika?
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Do you have neighbors?
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Is there a fruit market in Washington?
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Can you drive a truck?
246
Who sews your wife's dresses?
247
Are your children smart?

248
Do you have a good salary?
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Do you have apple trees in your garden?
250
Do you like strawberry ice cream?
251
When do the birds sing?
252
What will there be for dinner today?
253
Do you eat a lot of lettuce?
254
Do you like tomato salad?
255
Whose wife is that lady?
256
Whose husband are you?

257
Whose horses are running there?
258
Whose ducks are those?
259
Whose shoes are dirty?
260
Whose daughters go to the English school?
261
Whose handkerchief is on the floor?
262
Whose friend are you?
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Who are your friends?
264
Who are your teachers?
265
Are the city schools beautiful?

266
Are the windows of the house wide?
267
What do they grow in America?
268
What do they grow in Hungary?
269
What kind of fruit do they grow in the United States?
270
What kind of crops do they grow in Hungary?
271
Do they grow rye in Hungary?
272
Do they grow barley in the United States?
273
Do you like chicken paprika?
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Where were you before the war?

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Do you have plum trees?
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Do the birds sing in your garden?
277
Are there many birds in the bushes?
278
Are the streets narrow in Washington?
279
Do you like apple strudel?

Conversation Practice 1

280
You have a beautiful farm, Mr. Kovács!
281
Unfortunately, it's not my land, it's the coöperative's land. I have only half an acre of land around the house.
282
How many acres of land does the coöperative have?
283
It has six thousand acres.
284
What do they grow on it?
285
Mostly wheat, corn and potatoes.
286
What is that building there?
287
That's the coöperative's stable. They keep the horses and cows there.
288
Don't you have your own cows?
289
I don't, only the coöperative has them.

Conversation Practice 2

290
Your neighbor has a beautiful big house!
291
Yes. Before the war he was a rich man.
292
Are those your dogs on the road?
293
They're not my dogs, they're my neighbor's dogs.
294
Do you have a dog too?
295
Yes, he's lying there in front of the door.
296
What kind of garden is that over there?
297
That's my wife's kitchen garden. There are a lot of vegetables in the garden.
298
Who waters the garden?
299
My wife does, but my daughters help her.

Conversation Practice 3

300
You have beautiful daughters, Mr. Kovács!
301
Thank God, they're not only pretty, they're clever too.
302
Do your sons work in the coöperative too?
303
Not in the coöperative, but on the state farm. They look after the farm's horses.
304
Do they earn a good living?
305
Not very well.
306
I see you have a big orchard too. What kind of fruit trees do you have?
307
Mostly apple and apricot trees. But I have a few cherry trees too.
308
Will you have a good fruit crop this year?
309
I think it will be good enough.

Narrative

310
János Tóth lives in the Alföld.
311
His house is in a small village.
312
Before the war he had a beautiful farm, thirty acres of cornfield.
313
Now he is a member of the coöperative, like everybody in the village.
314
His wife works in the coöperative too.
315
The coöperative has five thousand acres of land.
316
The members of the coöperative work on it.
317
They have an orchard and a kitchen garden, but in the good black soil they mostly grow grain: wheat, corn, barley and rye.
318
The coöperative's trucks take the grain to the city.
319
There they sell it to the state.
320
With the money they buy tractors and other machines.
321
They pay the members of the coöperative from it too.
322
If the crop is not good, the members of the coöperative get only a little money.
323
The coöperative's animals are kept in stables.
324
One of Tóth's sons looks after the horses, and the other one the cows.
325
The milk is taken to the city every morning and evening on the coöperative's truck.
326
In the city the people and the children need the milk.
327
The children like to drink a lot of fresh milk.
328
One of Tóth's sons drives the truck.

329
The coöperative's orchard is not far either.
330
Tóth's daughter works there.
331
In the orchard there are apple trees, apricot trees, plum trees, pear trees and cherry trees.
332
This year a lot of cherries and apricots are growing.
333
The fruit too is sold in the city at the market.
334
The coöperative's kitchen garden is next to the orchard.
335
Mostly women and girls work there.
336
Tóth's wife works there too.
337
In the kitchen garden there is a lot of work to do.
338
A river is nearby, and they water the garden from it every day.
339
They grow a lot of vegetables in the kitchen garden.
340
At the market people buy a lot of tomatoes, lettuce, green peppers and cucumbers, mostly in the spring.

341
Tóth has a few acres of his own land too.
342
He grows potatoes and corn on it.
343
He keeps poultry in his yard.
344
His dog and his cat lie in front of the door in the yard.
345
In his kitchen garden his wife grows vegetables.
346
In his orchard there are a lot of pretty apricot trees, plum trees and cherry trees.
347
The fruit they either eat or sell.
348
In the fall they also usually make apricot brandy and plum brandy.
349
Tóth and his friends like good strong brandy very much, especially in the winter, when it is cold.

The particulars

The course: Foreign Service Institute, Hungarian Basic Course, Washington, 1962. Public domain. The teaching pages, the glosses and the narration of lines the tape lacks are ours.
Reading aloud: Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
The book: Gulliver’s Fifth and Sixth Voyages, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
Data: JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents