Spanish · Part One
Estados de conciencia
States of Consciousness
Tap a sentence to open its words. The mark beside it plays it.
- 1
He knew he was a thief.
Sabíaknewsaber · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencequethatque · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ladrónerawasser · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to ladrónunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ladrónladrónthiefladrón · noun, masculine, singularclausal complement of Sabía But the category in which he found himself placed did not interest him.
PeroButpero · conjunctionmodifies interesabalatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of categoríacategoríacategorycategoría · noun, feminine, singularsubject of interesabaeninen · prepositionpreposition marking quequewhichque · pronoun, relativeoblique complement of colocabase(himself)él · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive particle of colocabacolocabaplacedcolocar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularclause modifying categoríanonotno · adverbmodifies interesabalehimél · pronoun, dative, singularindirect object of interesaba (experiencer)interesabainterestinteresar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencePerhaps the word thief was not in keeping with his inner state.
QuizáPerhapsquizá · adverbmodifies estuvieralatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of palabrapalabrawordpalabra · noun, feminine, singularsubject of estuvieraladrónthiefladrón · noun, masculine, singularin apposition to palabranonotno · adverbmodifies estuvieraestuvierawasestar · auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularcopula, main verb of the sentenceeninen · prepositionpreposition marking consonanciaconsonanciakeepingconsonancia · noun, feminine, singularobject of en, predicate of estuvieraIdiom: "en consonancia con" = "in keeping with."
conwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking estadosuhissu · determiner, singulardeterminer of estadoestadostateestado · noun, masculine, singularobject of coninteriorinnerinterior · adjective, singularmodifies estadoThere was another feeling, and it was the circular silence driven like a steel cylinder into the mass of his skull, in such a way that it left him deaf to everything that had no bearing on his misery.
Existíathere wasexistir · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceotroanotherotro · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sentimientosentimientofeelingsentimiento · noun, masculine, singularsubject of Existíayandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationésethatese · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of eraerawasser · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking ése to silencioeltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of silenciosilenciosilencesilencio · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of eracircularcircularcircular · adjective, singularmodifies silencioentradoenteredentrado · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies silenciocomolikecomo · subordinating conjunctioncomparison marker before cilindrounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cilindrocilindrocylindercilindro · noun, masculine, singularcomplement of como, modifies entradodeofde · prepositionpreposition marking aceroacerosteelacero · noun, masculine, singularmodifies cilindroenintoen · prepositionpreposition marking masalatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of masamasamassmasa · noun, feminine, singularobject of en, complement of entradodeofde · prepositionpreposition marking cráneosuhissu · determiner, singulardeterminer of cráneocráneoskullcráneo · noun, masculine, singularmodifies masadeinde · prepositionpart of the phrase de tal modo quetalsuchtal · adjective, singularpart of the phrase de tal modo quemodowaymodo · noun, masculine, singularpart of the phrase de tal modo queIdiom: "de tal modo que" = "in such a way that."
quethatque · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dejabalohimél · pronoun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of dejabadejabaleftdejar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the que-clause (result)sordodeafsordo · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate complement of lo (object complement of dejaba)paratopara · prepositionpreposition marking aquellotodoeverythingtodo · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of aquelloaquellothataquel · pronoun, singularobject of paraquethatque · pronounsubject of relacionaranonotno · adverbmodifies relacionaraseitselfél · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive particle of relacionara"relacionarse con" = "to have any bearing on / be related to."
relacionararelatedrelacionar · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularclause modifying aquelloconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking desdichasuhissu · determiner, singulardeterminer of desdichadesdichamiserydesdicha · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of relacionara- 2
This circle of silence and darkness broke the continuity of his thoughts, so that, in the decline of his reasoning, Erdosain could not connect his home—called a house—with an institution designated by the name of prison.
EsteThiseste · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of círculocírculocirclecírculo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of interrumpíadeofde · prepositionpreposition marking silenciosilenciosilencesilencio · noun, masculine, singularmodifies círculoyandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdeofde · prepositionpreposition marking tinieblastinieblasdarknesstiniebla · noun, feminine, pluralcoordinated with silenciointerrumpíabrokeinterrumpir · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of continuidadcontinuidadcontinuitycontinuidad · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of interrumpíadeofde · prepositionpreposition marking ideassushissu · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ideasideasthoughtsidea · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies continuidaddeinde · prepositionpart of the phrase de forma queformawayforma · noun, feminine, singularpart of the phrase de forma queIdiom: "de forma que" = "so that."
quethatque · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the result clause (podía asociar)ErdosainErdosainErdosain · proper nounsubject of asociarnonotno · adverbmodifies asociarpodíacouldpoder · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of asociarasociarconnectasociar · verb, infinitivemain verb of the result clauseconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking decliveeltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of declivedeclivedeclinedeclive · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of asociardeofde · prepositionpreposition marking razonamientosuhissu · determiner, singulardeterminer of razonamientorazonamientoreasoningrazonamiento · noun, masculine, singularmodifies declivesuhissu · determiner, singulardeterminer of hogarhogarhomehogar · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of asociarllamadocalledllamado · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies hogarcasahousecasa · noun, feminine, singularpredicate complement of llamadoconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking instituciónunaanuno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of institucióninstitucióninstitutioninstitución · noun, feminine, singularobject of con, complement of asociardesignadadesignateddesignado · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies instituciónconbycon · prepositionpreposition marking nombreeltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of nombrenombrenamenombre · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of designadadeofde · prepositionpreposition marking cárcelcárcelprisoncárcel · noun, feminine, singularmodifies nombre - 3
He thought telegraphically, dropping prepositions, which is unnerving.
PensabaHe thoughtpensar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencetelegráficamentetelegraphicallytelegráficamente · adverbmodifies Pensabasuprimiendodroppingsuprimir · verb, gerundadverbial clause on Pensabapreposicionesprepositionspreposición · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of suprimiendolothatlo · neuter articlepart of the relative pronoun lo cualcualwhichcual · pronoun, singularsubject of es"lo cual" = "which," referring back to the whole previous clause.
esisser · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to enervanteenervanteunnervingenervante · adjective, singularpredicate complement of es He knew dead hours in which he could have committed a crime of any kind without thereby having the slightest sense of his responsibility.
ConocióHe knewconocer · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencehorashourshora · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of Conociómuertasdeadmuerto · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies horaseninen · prepositionpreposition marking quelastheel · determiner, feminine, pluralpart of the compound relative las que, agrees with horasquethatque · pronounoblique complement of cometer"en las que" = "in which," referring back to horas.
hubierahadhaber · auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularauxiliary of cometerpodidobeen ablepoder · auxiliary verb, past, participle, masculine, singularauxiliary of cometercometercommitcometer · verb, infinitivemain verb of the relative clause modifying horasunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of delitodelitocrimedelito · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of cometerdeofde · prepositionpreposition marking naturalezacualquieranycualquiera · determiner, singulardeterminer of naturalezanaturalezakindnaturaleza · noun, feminine, singularmodifies delitosinwithoutsin · prepositionintroduces the clause of tuvieraquethatque · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sin que, introduces tuvieraporbypor · prepositionpreposition marking elloellothatél · pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singularoblique complement of tuvieratuvierahavingtener · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularadverbial clause on cometerlatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of nociónmenorslightestmenor · adjective, singular, comparativemodifies nociónnociónsensenoción · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of tuvieradeofde · prepositionpreposition marking responsabilidadsuhissu · determiner, singulardeterminer of responsabilidadresponsabilidadresponsibilityresponsabilidad · noun, feminine, singularmodifies nociónLogically, a judge would not have understood such a phenomenon.
LógicamenteLogicallylógicamente · adverbmodifies entendidounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of juezjuezjudgejuez · noun, masculine, singularsubject of entendidononotno · adverbmodifies entendidohubierawould havehaber · auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularauxiliary of entendidoentendidounderstoodentender · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentencetalsuchtal · determiner, singulardeterminer of fenómenofenómenophenomenonfenómeno · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of entendidoBut he was already empty, a husk of a man moved by the automatism of habit.
PeroButpero · conjunctionintroduces the sentence, contrastélheél · pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singularsubject of estabayaalreadyya · adverbmodifies estabaestabawasestar · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to vacíovacíoemptyvacío · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate complement of estabaerawasser · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to cáscaraunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of cáscaracáscarahuskcáscara · noun, feminine, singularpredicate complement of eradeofde · prepositionpreposition marking hombrehombremanhombre · noun, masculine, singularmodifies cáscaramovidamovedmovido · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies cáscaraporbypor · prepositionpreposition marking automatismoeltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of automatismoautomatismoautomatismautomatismo · noun, masculine, singularobject of por, agent of movidadeofde · prepositionpreposition marking costumbrelatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of costumbrecostumbrehabitcostumbre · noun, feminine, singularmodifies automatismo- 4
If he went on working at the Sugar Company it was not to steal more sums of money, but because he was waiting for an extraordinary event—immensely extraordinary—that would give his life an unexpected turn and save him from the catastrophe he saw drawing near his door.
SiIfsi · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of continuócontinuóhe continuedcontinuar · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the si-clausetrabajandoworkingtrabajar · verb, gerundcomplement of continuóenaten · prepositionpreposition marking Compañíalatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of CompañíaCompañíaCompanyCompañía · proper nounoblique complement of trabajandoAzucareraSugarAzucarera · proper nounpart of the name Compañíanonotno · adverbmodifies fuefuewasser · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceparatopara · prepositionintroduces the clause of robarrobarstealrobar · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on fuemásmoremás · adverbmodifies cantidadescantidadessumscantidad · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of robardeofde · prepositionpreposition marking dinerodineromoneydinero · noun, masculine, singularmodifies cantidadessinobutsino · conjunctionlinks the coordinationporquebecauseporque · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of esperabaesperabahe was waitingesperar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with fueunanuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of acontecimientoacontecimientoeventacontecimiento · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of esperabaextraordinarioextraordinaryextraordinario · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies acontecimientoinmensamenteimmenselyinmensamente · adverbmodifies extraordinarioextraordinarioextraordinaryextraordinario · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies acontecimientoquethatque · pronounsubject of diera, refers to acontecimientodierawould givedar · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularclause modifying acontecimientounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of girogiroturngiro · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of dierainesperadounexpectedinesperado · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies giroatoa · prepositionpreposition marking vidasuhissu · determiner, singulardeterminer of vidavidalifevida · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of dierayandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlohimél · pronoun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of salvarasalvarawould savesalvar · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularcoordinated with dieradefromde · prepositionpreposition marking catástrofelatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of catástrofecatástrofecatastrophecatástrofe · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of salvaraquethatque · pronoundirect object of veía, refers to catástrofeveíahe sawver · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularclause modifying catástrofeacercarsedrawing nearacercarse · verb, infinitivecomplement of veíaatoa · prepositionpreposition marking puertasuhissu · determiner, singulardeterminer of puertapuertadoorpuerta · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of acercarse - 5
This atmosphere of dream and unease that made him move through the days like a sleepwalker, Erdosain called "the zone of anguish".
EstaThiseste · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of atmósferaatmósferaatmosphereatmósfera · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of denominaba (fronted), resumed by ladeofde · prepositionpreposition marking sueñosueñodreamsueño · noun, masculine, singularmodifies atmósferayandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdeofde · prepositionpreposition marking inquietudinquietuduneaseinquietud · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with sueñoquethatque · pronounsubject of hacíalohimél · pronoun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of hacíahacíamadehacer · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularclause modifying atmósferacircularmovecircular · verb, infinitivecomplement of hacíaathrougha · prepositionpart of the idiom a través detravéswaytravés · noun, masculine, singularpart of the idiom a través de"a través de" = "through/across."
deofde · prepositionpart of the idiom a través de, marks díaslostheel · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of díasdíasdaysdía · noun, masculine, pluralobject of a través de, complement of circularcomolikecomo · subordinating conjunctioncomparison marker before sonámbulounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sonámbulosonámbulosleepwalkersonámbulo · noun, masculine, singularcomplement of como, describes lolaitél · pronoun, accusative, feminine, singulardirect object of denominabadenominabacalleddenominar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceErdosainErdosainErdosain · proper nounsubject of denominabalatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of zonazonazonezona · noun, feminine, singularobject complement of denominaba, names la (atmósfera)deofde · prepositionpreposition marking angustialatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of angustiaangustiaanguishangustia · noun, feminine, singularmodifies zona - 6
Erdosain imagined that this zone existed above the level of the cities, two meters up, and he pictured it graphically in the form of those regions of salt flats or deserts that on maps are shown by ovals of dots, as dense as the roe of a herring.
ErdosainErdosainErdosain · proper nounsubject of imaginabaseto himselfél · pronoun, dative, reflexivereflexive dative particle of imaginaba (imaginarse)"imaginarse" = pronominal verb "to picture to oneself"; "se" has no separate translation.
imaginabaimaginedimaginar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencequethatque · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of existíadichathisdicho · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies zonazonazonezona · noun, feminine, singularsubject of existíaexistíaexistedexistir · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularclausal complement of imaginabasobreabovesobre · prepositionpreposition marking niveleltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of nivelnivellevelnivel · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of existíadeofde · prepositionpreposition marking ciudadeslastheel · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of ciudadesciudadescitiesciudad · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies nivelaata · prepositionpreposition marking metrosdostwodos · numeral, pluralquantifies metrosmetrosmetersmetro · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of existíadeofde · prepositionpreposition marking alturaalturaheightaltura · noun, feminine, singularmodifies metrosyandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationseitselfél · pronoun, accusative, reflexivepassive/impersonal reflexive particle of representabaThe passive-reflexive "se le representaba" is rendered actively as "he pictured it."
leto himél · pronoun, dative, singularindirect object of representaba, refers to Erdosainrepresentabahe picturedrepresentar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with imaginabagráficamentegraphicallygráficamente · adverbmodifies representababajoinbajo · prepositionpreposition marking formalatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of formaformaformforma · noun, feminine, singularobject of bajo, adverbial complement of representabadeofde · prepositionpreposition marking regionesesasthoseese · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of regionesregionesregionsregión · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies formadeofde · prepositionpreposition marking salinassalinassalt flatssalina · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies regionesooro · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdesiertosdesertsdesierto · noun, masculine, pluralcoordinated with salinasquethatque · pronounsubject of reveladosenonen · prepositionpreposition marking mapaslostheel · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of mapasmapasmapsmapa · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of reveladosestánareestar · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralcopula linking to reveladosreveladosshownrevelado · adjective, masculine, pluralpredicate of están, describes que (regiones)porbypor · prepositionpreposition marking óvalosóvalosovalsóvalo · noun, masculine, pluralobject of por, agent/instrument of reveladosdeofde · prepositionpreposition marking puntospuntosdotspunto · noun, masculine, pluralmodifies óvalostanastanto · adverbmodifies espesosespesosdenseespeso · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies óvaloscomoascomo · subordinating conjunctioncomparison marker before ovaslastheel · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of ovasovasroeova · noun, feminine, pluralcomplement of comodeofde · prepositionpreposition marking arenqueunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of arenquearenqueherringarenque · noun, masculine, singularmodifies ovas - 7
This zone of anguish was the consequence of the suffering of men.
EstaThiseste · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of zonazonazonezona · noun, feminine, singularsubject of eradeofde · prepositionpreposition marking angustiaangustiaanguishangustia · noun, feminine, singularmodifies zonaerawasser · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to consecuencialatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of consecuenciaconsecuenciaconsequenceconsecuencia · noun, feminine, singularpredicate complement of eradelof thede · preposition (contraction of de + el)preposition marking sufrimiento"del" = "de" + "el" ("of the").
sufrimientosufferingsufrimiento · noun, masculine, singularmodifies consecuenciadeofde · prepositionpreposition marking hombreslostheel · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of hombreshombresmenhombre · noun, masculine, pluralmodifies sufrimiento And like a cloud of poison gas it shifted heavily from one point to another, penetrating walls and passing through buildings without losing its flat, horizontal shape; a two-dimensional anguish that, guillotining throats, left in them an aftertaste of sobbing.
YAndy · conjunctionconnects to the previous sentencecomolikecomo · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the comparison with nube (simile)unaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of nubenubecloudnube · noun, feminine, singularsubject of trasladabadeofde · prepositionpreposition marking gasgasgasgas · noun, masculine, singularmodifies nubevenenosopoisonousvenenoso · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies gasseitselfél · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive particle of trasladabatrasladabashiftedtrasladar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularverb of the como-clause (comparison), parallels dejabapesadamenteheavilypesadamente · adverbmodifies trasladabadefromde · prepositionpreposition marking puntounoneuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of puntopuntopointpunto · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of trasladabaatoa · prepositionpreposition marking otrootroanotherotro · pronoun, masculine, singularoblique complement of trasladabapenetrandopenetratingpenetrar · verb, gerundadverbial clause on trasladabamurallaswallsmuralla · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of penetrandoyandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationatravesandopassing throughatravesar · verb, gerundcoordinated with penetrandolostheel · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of edificiosedificiosbuildingsedificio · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of atravesandosinwithoutsin · prepositionintroduces the clause of perderperderlosingperder · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on trasladabasuitssu · determiner, singulardeterminer of formaformashapeforma · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of perderplanaflatplano · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies formayandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhorizontalhorizontalhorizontal · adjective, singularcoordinated with planaangustiaanguishangustia · noun, feminine, singularhead noun; antecedent of que (subject of dejaba)deofde · prepositionpreposition marking dimensionesdostwodos · numeral, pluralquantifies dimensionesdimensionesdimensionsdimensión · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies angustiaquethatque · relative pronounsubject of dejaba, referring to angustiaguillotinandoguillotiningguillotinar · verb, gerundadverbial clause on dejabalastheel · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of gargantasgargantasthroatsgarganta · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of guillotinandodejabaleftdejar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceeninen · prepositionpreposition marking éstaséstasthemeste · pronoun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of dejabaunanuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of regustoregustoaftertasteregusto · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of dejabadeofde · prepositionpreposition marking sollozosollozosobbingsollozo · noun, masculine, singularmodifies regustoSuch was the explanation Erdosain gave himself when he felt the first nausea of grief.
TalSuchtal · pronoun, singularsubject of eraerawasser · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula; main verb of the sentence, links Tal and explicaciónlatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of explicaciónexplicaciónexplanationexplicación · noun, feminine, singularpredicate complement of eraquethatque · pronoundirect object of dabaErdosainErdosainErdosain · proper nounsubject of dabasehimselfél · pronoun, dative, reflexiveindirect object of daba ('to himself')dabagavedar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularclause modifying explicacióncuandowhencuando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sentíasentíafeltsentir · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on dabalastheel · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of náuseasprimerasfirstprimero · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies náuseasnáuseasnauseanáusea · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of sentíadeofde · prepositionpreposition marking penalatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of penapenagriefpena · noun, feminine, singularmodifies náuseas- 8
"What am I doing with my life?" he would say to himself then, wanting perhaps to clarify with this question the origins of the anxiety that made him crave an existence in which tomorrow would not be the continuation of today with its measure of time, but something different and always unexpected, as in the unfolding of North American films, where yesterday's beggar is today's chief of a secret society, and the adventuress typist a multimillionaire incognito.
QuéWhatqué · pronoun, singularpredicate complement of esesisser · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula; main verb of the question, links Qué and the lo que hago clauselothe thinglo · pronoun, neuter, singularwith que, forms subject clause of es (lo que hago)quethatque · relative pronounintroduces the clause of hago, coreferential with lohagoam doinghacer · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularverb of the clause that is the subject of esconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking vidamimymi · determiner, singulardeterminer of vidavidalifevida · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of hagodecíasesaid to himselfdecir · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular, with enclitic reflexive semain verb of the sentenceLiterary construction: decía + enclitic se, common in written narration for 'he said to himself' — rare in spoken porteño Spanish, which prefers se decía.
entoncesthenentonces · adverbmodifies decíasequeriendowantingquerer · verb, gerundadverbial clause on decíasequizásperhapsquizás · adverbmodifies queriendoaclararto clarifyaclarar · verb, infinitivecomplement of queriendoconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking preguntaestathiseste · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of preguntapreguntaquestionpregunta · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of aclararlostheel · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of orígenesorígenesoriginsorigen · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of aclarardeofde · prepositionpreposition marking ansiedadlatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of ansiedadansiedadanxietyansiedad · noun, feminine, singularmodifies orígenesquethatque · pronounsubject of hacíalehimél · pronoun, dative, singularindirect object of hacíahacíamadehacer · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularclause modifying ansiedadapetecercraveapetecer · verb, infinitivecomplement of hacíaunaanuno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of existenciaexistenciaexistenceexistencia · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of apetecereninen · prepositionpreposition marking cuallatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of cualcualwhichcual · pronoun, singularobject of preposition en (relative clause modifying existencia)eltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of mañanamañanatomorrowmañana · noun, masculine, singularsubject of fueranonotno · adverbmodifies fuerafuerawould beser · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularcopula; main verb of the clause, links mañana and continuaciónlatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of continuacióncontinuacióncontinuationcontinuación · noun, feminine, singularpredicate complement of fueradeofde · prepositionpreposition marking hoyhoytodayhoy · adverbmodifies continuaciónconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking medidasuitssu · determiner, singulardeterminer of medidamedidameasuremedida · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of continuacióndeofde · prepositionpreposition marking tiempotiempotimetiempo · noun, masculine, singularmodifies medidasinobut rathersino · conjunctioncontrasts with no fuera la continuación (no...sino construction)algosomethingalgo · pronoun, singularcoordinated with continuación (alternative predicate of fuera)distintodifferentdistinto · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies algoyandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsiemprealwayssiempre · adverbmodifies inesperadoinesperadounexpectedinesperado · adjective, masculine, singularcoordinated with distintocomoascomo · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the comparison (como en los desenvolvimientos)eninen · prepositionpreposition marking desenvolvimientoslostheel · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of desenvolvimientosdesenvolvimientosunfoldingdesenvolvimiento · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of inesperado (comparison)deofde · prepositionpreposition marking películaslastheel · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of películaspelículasfilmspelícula · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies desenvolvimientosnorteamericanasNorth Americannorteamericano · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies películasdondewheredonde · pronounintroduces the relative clause modifying películaseltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of pordioseropordioserobeggarpordiosero · noun, masculine, singularsubject of esdeofde · prepositionpreposition marking ayerayeryesterdayayer · adverbmodifies pordioseroesisser · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula; main verb of the relative clause, links pordiosero and jefeeltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of jefejefechiefjefe · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of esdeofde · prepositionpreposition marking sociedadunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of sociedadsociedadsocietysociedad · noun, feminine, singularmodifies jefesecretasecretsecreto · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies sociedaddeofde · prepositionpreposition marking hoyhoytodayhoy · adverbmodifies jefe (today's chief, per the yesterday/today parallel)yandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of dactilógrafadactilógrafatypistdactilógrafa · noun, feminine, singularsubject of the elided es (parallel to pordiosero)aventureraadventuressaventurero · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies dactilógrafaunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of multimillonariamultimillonariamultimillionairemultimillonaria · noun, feminine, singularpredicate complement of the elided es (parallel to jefe)deinde · prepositionpart of the idiom de incógnito ('incognito')incógnitoincognitoincógnito · noun, masculine, singularmodifies multimillonariaDe incógnito is a fixed phrase meaning 'incognito, undercover.'
- 9
This need for marvels, which had no possible satisfaction—since he was a failed inventor and a criminal on the edge of prison—left him, in the broodings that followed, a raging acidity and teeth as sensitive as after chewing a lemon.
DichaThisdicho · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies necesidadnecesidadneednecesidad · noun, feminine, singularsubject of dejabadeforde · prepositionpreposition marking maravillasmaravillasmarvelsmaravilla · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies necesidadquewhichque · pronounsubject of tenía, referring to necesidadnonotno · adverbmodifies teníateníahadtener · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularclause modifying necesidadposiblespossibleposible · adjective, pluralmodifies satisfaccionessatisfaccionessatisfactionssatisfacción · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of teníayasinceya · adverbwith que, forms the conjunction ya que ('since')quesinceque · subordinating conjunctionwith ya, forms the conjunction ya que ('since')élheél · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of eraerawasser · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula; main verb of the ya que-clause, links él and inventorunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of inventorinventorinventorinventor · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of erafracasadofailedfracasado · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies inventoryandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of delincuentedelincuentecriminaldelincuente · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with inventoralon theal · prepositionpart of the idiom al margen de ('on the edge of')margenedgemargen · noun, masculine, singularhead noun of the idiom al margen de, modifies delincuenteAl margen de = 'on the edge/fringe of' — a fixed idiom, not a literal margin.
deofde · prepositionpart of the idiom al margen delatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of cárcelcárcelprisoncárcel · noun, feminine, singularobject of de, within the idiom al margen delehimél · pronoun, dative, singularindirect object of dejabadejabaleftdejar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceeninen · prepositionpreposition marking cavilacioneslastheel · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of cavilacionescavilacionesbroodingscavilación · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of dejabasubsiguientesfollowingsubsiguiente · adjective, pluralmodifies cavilacionesunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of acidezrabiosaragingrabioso · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies acidezacidezacidityacidez · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of dejabayandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlostheel · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of dientesdientesteethdiente · noun, masculine, pluralcoordinated with acidezsensiblessensitivesensible · adjective, pluralmodifies dientescomoascomo · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of despuésdespuésafterdespués · adverbmodifies sensibles (comparison)deofde · prepositionintroduces the clause of masticarmasticarchewingmasticar · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on despuéslimónlemonlimón · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of masticar - 10
In these circumstances he pieced together follies.
EnInen · prepositionpreposition marking circunstanciasestastheseeste · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of circunstanciascircunstanciascircumstancescircunstancia · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of compaginabacompaginabapieced togethercompaginar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceinsensatecesfolliesinsensatez · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of compaginaba He came to imagine that the rich, tired of hearing the complaints of the wretched, built enormous cages dragged by teams of horses.
LlegóHe camellegar · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of imaginarseimaginarseimagineimaginar · verb, infinitive, reflexivecomplement of Llegóquethatque · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of construyeronlostheel · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of ricosricosrichrico · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of construyeronaburridostiredaburrido · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies ricosdeofde · prepositionintroduces the clause of escucharescucharhearingescuchar · verb, infinitivecomplement of aburridoslastheel · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of quejasquejascomplaintsqueja · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of escuchardeofde · prepositionpreposition marking miserableslostheel · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of miserablesmiserableswretchedmiserable · noun, masculine, pluralmodifies quejasconstruyeronbuiltconstruir · verb, past, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the clause introduced by que (complement of imaginarse)jaulonescagesjaulón · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of construyeronAugmentative of jaula ('cage'): the -ón suffix intensifies size — 'big cages'.
tremendosenormoustremendo · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies jaulonesquethatque · pronoundirect object of arrastraban, referring to jaulonesarrastrabandraggedarrastrar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralclause modifying jaulonescuadrillasteamscuadrilla · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of arrastrabandeofde · prepositionpreposition marking caballoscaballoshorsescaballo · noun, masculine, pluralmodifies cuadrillasExecutioners chosen for their strength hunted the sad with a noose for throttling dogs, and a certain scene grew visible to him: a mother, tall and disheveled, ran after the cage from which, between the bars, her one-eyed son called to her, until a "dogcatcher", tired of hearing her scream, knocked her out with blows to the head from the handle of the noose.
VerdugosExecutionersverdugo · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of cazabanescogidoschosenescogido · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies Verdugosporforpor · prepositionpreposition marking fortalezasutheirsu · determiner, singulardeterminer of fortalezafortalezastrengthfortaleza · noun, feminine, singularobject of preposition por (reason for escogidos)cazabanhuntedcazar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentenceaobject markera · prepositionpreposition marking tristes (personal a)This is the 'personal a', required before a direct object referring to people; it has no separate English translation.
lostheel · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of tristestristessadtriste · adjective, pluraldirect object of cazabanconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking lazolazonooselazo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of cazabandeforde · prepositionintroduces the infinitive clause acogotar (purpose)acogotarthrottlingacogotar · verb, infinitiveclause modifying lazoAcogotar: to seize by the nape (cogote) and strangle — 'to throttle'.
perrosdogsperro · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of acogotarllegándolecoming to bellegar · verb, gerund, with enclitic dative pronoun le ('to him')adverbial clause on cazaban, heads the llegar a ser constructionLlegar a ser = 'to come to be, to become'; here with the enclitic 'le' = 'to him'.
atoa · prepositionpart of the idiom llegar a serserbeser · verb, infinitivecopula within llegar a ser, links escena and visiblevisiblevisiblevisible · adjective, singularpredicate complement, describes escenaciertaa certaincierto · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of escenaescenasceneescena · noun, feminine, singularsubject of ser visible (becomes visible to him)unaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of madremadremothermadre · noun, feminine, singularsubject of corríaaltatallalto · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies madreyandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdesmelenadadisheveleddesmelenado · adjective, feminine, singularcoordinated with alta (modifies madre)corríarancorrer · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the scene description (elaborates escena)trasaftertras · prepositionpreposition marking jaulóneltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of jaulónjaulóncagejaulón · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of corríadefromde · prepositionpreposition marking dondedondewheredonde · pronounoblique complement of llamabaentrebetweenentre · prepositionpreposition marking barroteslostheel · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of barrotesbarrotesbarsbarrote · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of llamabalaherél · pronoun, accusative, feminine, singulardirect object of llamaballamabacalledllamar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularclause modifying jaulónsuhersu · determiner, singulardeterminer of hijohijosonhijo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of llamabatuertoone-eyedtuerto · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies hijohastauntilhasta · prepositionpart of the phrase hasta que ('until')queuntilque · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of desmayó (hasta que = until)unauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of perreroperrerodogcatcherperrero · noun, masculine, singularsubject of desmayóaburridotiredaburrido · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies perrerodeofde · prepositionintroduces the clause of oírlaoírlahearing heroír · verb, infinitive, with enclitic pronoun la ('her')complement of aburridogritarscreamgritar · verb, infinitivecomplement of oírlalaherél · pronoun, accusative, feminine, singulardirect object of desmayódesmayóknocked outdesmayar · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the hasta que-clauseabya · prepositionpart of the idiom a fuerza de ('by dint of')fuerzaforcefuerza · noun, feminine, singularobject of preposition a, forms the idiom a fuerza deA fuerza de = 'by dint of, through sheer force of'.
deofde · prepositionpreposition marking golpesgolpesblowsgolpe · noun, masculine, pluralmodifies fuerzaentoen · prepositionpreposition marking cabezalatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of cabezacabezaheadcabeza · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of desmayóconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking mangoeltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of mangomangohandlemango · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of desmayódelof thedel · prepositionpreposition marking lazolazonooselazo · noun, masculine, singularmodifies mango- 11
This nightmare having faded, Erdosain said to himself, horrified at himself:
Desvanecidahaving fadeddesvanecer · past participle, feminine, singular (absolute construction)adverbial clause on decía (absolute construction with pesadilla)estathiseste · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of pesadillapesadillanightmarepesadilla · noun, feminine, singularsubject of the absolute clause DesvanecidaErdosainErdosainErdosain · proper nounsubject of decíaseto himselfél · pronoun, dative, reflexiveindirect object of decíadecíasaiddecir · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencehorrorizadohorrifiedhorrorizado · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate adjective describing Erdosaindeatde · prepositionpreposition marking sísíhimselfél · pronoun, accusative, reflexiveobject of preposition de, complement of horrorizadomismoselfmismo · adjective, masculine, singularintensifies sí (sí mismo = 'himself') - 12
"But what a soul, what a soul is this that I have?"—And since his imagination still held the driving force the nightmare had stamped on it, he went on: "I must have been born to be a lackey, one of those perfumed and vile lackeys whom rich prostitutes have fasten the clasps of their brassiere, while the lover smokes a cigar reclining on the sofa."
Perobutpero · conjunctionmodifies esquéwhatqué · determinerdeterminer of almaalmasoulalma · noun, feminine, singularsubject of es (exclamative repetition)quéwhatqué · determinerdeterminer of almaalmasoulalma · noun, feminine, singularsubject of esesisser · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to lalathe oneel · pronoun, feminine, singularpredicate complement of es ("la que" = "the one that")quethatque · pronoundirect object of tengotengoI havetener · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularrelative clause modifying layoIyo · pronoun, nominative, singularsubject of tengoYandy · conjunctionmodifies conservabacomosincecomo · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of conservabasuhissu · determiner, singulardeterminer of imaginaciónimaginaciónimaginationimaginación · noun, feminine, singularsubject of conservabaconservabastill heldconservar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularverb of the como-clauseeltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of impulsoimpulsoforceimpulso · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of conservabamotordrivingmotor · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies impulsoquethatque · pronoundirect object of impresoleon himél · pronoun, dative, singularindirect object of impresohabíahadhaber · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of impresoimpresostampedimprimir · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularclause modifying impulsolatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of pesadillapesadillanightmarepesadilla · noun, feminine, singularsubject of impresocontinuabawent oncontinuar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceYoIyo · pronoun, nominative, singularsubject of debodebomustdeber · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of nacidohaberhavehaber · auxiliary verb, infinitiveauxiliary of nacidonacidobeen bornnacer · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularclausal complement of continuabaparato bepara · prepositionpreposition marking lacayolacayoa lackeylacayo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of nacidounooneuno · pronoun, masculine, singularin apposition to lacayodeofde · prepositionpreposition marking lacayosesosthoseese · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of lacayoslacayoslackeyslacayo · noun, masculine, pluralobject of deperfumadosperfumedperfumado · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies lacayosyandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvilesvilevil · adjective, pluralcoordinated with perfumadosconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking quienesquieneswhomquien · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of hacenlastheel · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of prostitutasprostitutasprostitutesprostituta · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of hacenricasrichrico · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies prostitutassethemselvesél · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive particle of hacen"se hacen prender" is a causative reflexive: "have [something] fastened on themselves."
hacenhave [it] donehacer · verb, present, indicative, third-person, pluralclause modifying lacayosprenderfastenprender · verb, infinitivecomplement of hacenlostheel · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of brochesbrochesclaspsbroche · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of prenderdelof thedel · prepositionpreposition marking pórtasenospórtasenosbrassierepórtaseno · noun, masculine, singular (invariable compound)modifies brochespórtasenos ("carry-breasts") is an invariable compound noun for "bra/brassiere," singular despite the -s.
mientraswhilemientras · conjunctionintroduces the clause of fumaeltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of amanteamanteloveramante · noun, singularsubject of fumafumasmokesfumar · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on hacenunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cigarrocigarrocigarcigarro · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of fumarecostadorecliningrecostado · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies amanteenonen · prepositionpreposition marking sofáeltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sofásofásofasofá · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of recostado - 13
And again his thoughts rebounded into a kitchen set in the cellars of a most luxurious mansion.
Yandy · conjunctionmodifies caíannuevamenteagainnuevamente · adverbmodifies caíansushissu · determiner, pluraldeterminer of pensamientospensamientosthoughtspensamiento · noun, masculine, pluralsubject of caíancaíanfellcaer · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencedebyde · prepositionpreposition marking reboterebotereboundrebote · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of caían"caer de rebote" is idiomatic for "to rebound/land indirectly."
enintoen · prepositionpreposition marking cocinaunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of cocinacocinakitchencocina · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of caíansituadasetsituado · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies cocinaeninen · prepositionpreposition marking sótanoslostheel · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of sótanossótanoscellarssótano · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of situadadeofde · prepositionpreposition marking mansiónunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of mansiónlujosísimamost luxuriouslujosísimo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies mansiónmansiónmansionmansión · noun, feminine, singularmodifies sótanos Around the table moved two maids, besides the chauffeur and an Arab seller of garters and perfumes.
Enarounden · prepositionpart of the idiom "en torno de" (= around)tornoturntorno · noun, masculine, singularpart of the idiom "en torno de""en torno de" is a fixed phrase meaning "around," not literally "a turn of."
deofde · prepositionpart of the idiom "en torno de"latheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of mesamesatablemesa · noun, feminine, singularobject of the phrase en torno demovíansemoved aboutmover · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, plural, reflexive (enclitic "se")main verb of the sentenceArchaic literary style: the reflexive pronoun "se" is attached to the end of the verb ("movíanse" = "se movían").
dostwodos · numeral, pluralquantifies mucamasmucamasmaidsmucama · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of movíanse"Mucama" is a River Plate (Argentine/Uruguayan) regionalism for "housemaid."
ademásbesidesademás · adverbintroduces the additional element choferdelof thedel · prepositionpart of the phrase además de, marking choferchoferchauffeurchofer · noun, masculine, singularobject of además deyandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationunanuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of árabeárabeArabárabe · noun, singularcoordinated with chofervendedorsellervendedor · noun, masculine, singularin apposition to árabedeofde · prepositionpreposition marking ligasligasgartersliga · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies vendedoryandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationperfumesperfumesperfume · noun, masculine, pluralcoordinated with ligasIn that situation he would wear a black coat that did not reach to cover his backside, and a little white tie.
Eninen · prepositionpreposition marking circunstanciadichathatdicho · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies circunstanciacircunstanciasituationcircunstancia · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of gastaríaélheél · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of gastaríagastaríawould weargastar · verb, conditional, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence"Gastar" is used colloquially here (River Plate usage) for "to wear/sport," not its usual sense "to spend."
unauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sacosacocoatsaco · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of gastaría"Saco" is Latin American Spanish for "jacket/coat" (Spain would say "chaqueta").
negroblacknegro · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies sacoquethatque · pronounsubject of alcanzabanonotno · adverbmodifies alcanzabaalcanzabareachedalcanzar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularclause modifying sacoatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of cubrirlecubrirlecover himcubrir él · verb, infinitivecomplement of alcanzabaeltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of traserotraserobacksidetrasero · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of cubrirleyandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationcorbatitalittle tiecorbatita · noun, feminine, singularcoordinated with saco (direct object of gastaría)Diminutive "-ita" (corbata → corbatita), common in Rioplatense speech.
blancawhiteblanco · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies corbatitaSuddenly "the master" would call him, a man who was his physical double, but who did not shave his mustache and wore glasses.
Súbitamentesuddenlysúbitamente · adverbmodifies llamaríalohimél · pronoun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of llamaríallamaríawould callllamar · verb, conditional, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceeltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of señorseñormasterseñor · noun, masculine, singularsubject of llamaríaunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of hombrehombremanhombre · noun, masculine, singularin apposition to señorquewhoque · pronounsubject of eraerawasser · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to doblesuhissu · determiner, singulardeterminer of dobledobledoubledoble · noun, masculine, singularpredicate nominal of erafísicophysicalfísico · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies dobleperobutpero · conjunctionlinks the coordinationquewhoque · pronounsubject of afeitabanonotno · adverbmodifies afeitabasehimselfél · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive particle of afeitabaafeitabashavedafeitar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with era (clause modifying hombre)lostheel · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of bigotesbigotesmustachebigote · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of afeitabayandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationusabaworeusar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with afeitabalentesglasseslente · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of usabaHe did not know what his master wanted of him, but he would never forget the singular look the man gave him on leaving the room.
Elheél · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of sabíanonotno · adverbmodifies sabíasabíaknewsaber · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencequéwhatqué · pronoun, singularsubject of eseswasser · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to lolothatel · pronoun, neuter, singularpredicate complement of es ("lo que" = "that which")quethatque · pronoundirect object of deseabadeseabawanteddesear · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrelative clause modifying lodeofde · prepositionpreposition marking élélhimél · pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singularoblique complement of deseabasuhissu · determiner, singulardeterminer of patrónpatrónmasterpatrón · noun, masculine, singularsubject of deseabamasbutmas · conjunctionintroduces the clause of olvidaríanuncanevernunca · adverbmodifies olvidaríaolvidaríawould forgetolvidar · verb, conditional, third-person, singularcoordinated with sabíalatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of miradamiradalookmirada · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of olvidaríasingularsingularsingular · adjective, singularmodifies miradaquethatque · pronoundirect object of dirigióésteheeste · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of dirigiólehimél · pronoun, dative, singularindirect object of dirigiódirigiógavedirigir · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularclause modifying miradaalonal · prepositionpreposition marking salirsalirleavingsalir · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on dirigiódefromde · prepositionpreposition marking estancialatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of estanciaestanciaroomestancia · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of salir"Estancia" usually means "ranch" in Argentine Spanish, but here keeps the older literary sense of "room/chamber."
And he would return to the kitchen to talk filth with the chauffeur who, to the delight of the maids and the silence of the pederast Arab, told how he had corrupted the daughter of a great lady, a certain child of few years.
Yandy · conjunctionmodifies volvíavolvíareturnedvolver · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceatoa · prepositionpreposition marking cocinalatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of cocinacocinakitchencocina · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of volvíaparatopara · prepositionintroduces the clause of conversarconversartalkconversar · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on volvíadeaboutde · prepositionpreposition marking suciedadessuciedadesfilthsuciedad · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of conversarconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking chofereltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of choferchoferchauffeurchofer · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of conversarquewhoque · pronounsubject of contabaantetoante · prepositionpreposition marking regocijoeltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of regocijoregocijodelightregocijo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of contabadeofde · prepositionpreposition marking mucamaslastheel · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of mucamasmucamasmaidsmucama · noun, feminine, pluralmodifies regocijoyandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationeltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of silenciosilenciosilencesilencio · noun, masculine, singularcoordinated with regocijodelof thedel · prepositionpreposition marking árabeárabeArabárabe · noun, singularmodifies silenciopederastapederastpederasta · adjective, singularmodifies árabecontabatoldcontar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularclause modifying chofercomohowcomo · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of pervertidohabíahadhaber · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of pervertidopervertidocorruptedpervertir · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularcomplement of contabaaobject markera · prepositionpersonal "a" marking hija as direct objectlatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of hijahijadaughterhija · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of pervertidodeofde · prepositionpreposition marking señoraunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of señoragrangreatgran · adjective, singularmodifies señoraseñoraladyseñora · noun, feminine, singularmodifies hijaciertaa certaincierto · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of criaturacriaturachildcriatura · noun, feminine, singularin apposition to hijadeofde · prepositionpreposition marking añospocosfewpoco · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of añosañosyearsaño · noun, masculine, pluralmodifies criatura- 14
And he would say to himself again:
Yandy · conjunctionmodifies volvíavolvíawould againvolver · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentence"volver a" + infinitive is an idiom meaning "to do [verb] again."
atoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of repetirserepetirsesay to himselfrepetir él · verb, infinitivecomplement of volvía - 15
"Yes, I am a lackey."
Síyessí · adverbaffirmative interjectionyoIyo · pronoun, nominative, singularsubject of soysoyamser · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularcopula linking to lacayounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of lacayolacayolackeylacayo · noun, masculine, singularpredicate nominal of soy I have the soul of a true lackey," and he clenched his teeth in satisfaction at insulting and debasing himself in this way before his own eyes.
TengoI havetener · verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceeltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of almaalmasoulalma · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of Tengodeofde · prepositionpreposition marking lacayounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of lacayoverdaderotrueverdadero · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies lacayolacayolackeylacayo · noun, masculine, singularobject of deyandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationapretabaclenchedapretar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with Tengolostheel · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of dientesdientesteethdiente · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of apretabadewithde · prepositionpreposition marking satisfacciónsatisfacciónsatisfactionsatisfacción · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of apretabaalatal · prepositionpreposition marking insultarseinsultarseinsulting himselfinsultar él · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on apretabayandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrebajarsedebasing himselfrebajar él · verb, infinitivecoordinated with insultarsedeinde · prepositionpreposition marking modoesethatese · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of modomodowaymodo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of rebajarseantebeforeante · prepositionpreposition marking sísíhimselfél · pronoun, accusative, reflexiveoblique complement of insultarsemismoown selfmismo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies sí- 16
Other times he saw himself coming out of the bedroom of an old, devout spinster, carrying with unction a heavy chamber pot, but at that moment a priest, a regular of the house, would come upon him and, smiling, unperturbed, would say to him:
Otrasotherotro · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of vecesvecestimesvez · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of veíasehimselfél · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive particle of veíaveíasawver · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencesaliendocoming outsalir · verb, gerundadverbial clause on veíadeofde · prepositionpreposition marking alcobalatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of alcobaalcobabedroomalcoba · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of saliendodeofde · prepositionpreposition marking solteraunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of solterasolteraspinstersoltera · noun, feminine, singularmodifies alcobaviejaoldviejo · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies solterayandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdevotadevoutdevoto · adjective, feminine, singularcoordinated with viejallevandocarryingllevar · verb, gerundadverbial clause on saliendoconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking unciónunciónunctionunción · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of llevandounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of orinalpesadoheavypesado · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies orinalorinalchamber potorinal · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of llevandomasbutmas · conjunctionintroduces the clause of encontrabaenaten · prepositionpreposition marking momentoesethatese · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of momentomomentomomentmomento · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of encontrabalehimél · pronoun, dative (leísta), singulardirect object of encontraba"Le" here functions as a personal direct object (leísmo — le instead of lo for a human direct object), not an indirect object.
encontrabacame uponencontrar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with veíaunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sacerdotesacerdotepriestsacerdote · noun, masculine, singularsubject of encontrabaasiduoregularasiduo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies sacerdotedeofde · prepositionpreposition marking casalatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of casacasahousecasa · noun, feminine, singularmodifies sacerdotequewhoque · pronounsubject of decíasonriendosmilingsonreír · verb, gerundadverbial clause on decíasinwithoutsin · prepositionintroduces the clause of inmutarseinmutarseflinchinginmutar él · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on decíalehimél · pronoun, dative, singularindirect object of decíadecíasaiddecir · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with encontraba - 17
"How are we doing with our religious duties, Ernesto?"—And he, Ernesto, Ambrosio or José, would grimly live the life of an obscene, hypocritical servant.
Cómohowcómo · pronounoblique complement of vamosvamosare doingir · verb, present, indicative, first-person, pluralmain verb of the sentencedewithde · prepositionpreposition marking deberesdeberesdutiesdeber · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of vamosreligiososreligiousreligioso · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies deberesErnestoErnestoErnesto · proper nounvocative addressYandy · conjunctionmodifies viviríaélheél · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of viviríaErnestoErnestoErnesto · proper nounin apposition to élAmbrosioAmbrosioAmbrosio · proper nouncoordinated with Ernestoooro · conjunctionlinks the coordinationJoséJoséJosé · proper nouncoordinated with Ernestoviviríawould livevivir · verb, conditional, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencetorvamentegrimlytorvamente · adverbmodifies viviríaunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of vidavidalifevida · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of viviríadeofde · prepositionpreposition marking criadocriadoservantcriado · noun, masculine, singularmodifies vidaobscenoobsceneobsceno · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies criadoeandy · conjunctionlinks the coordination"E" replaces "y" before a word starting with an "i"-sound (here "hipócrita").
hipócritahypocriticalhipócrita · adjective, singularcoordinated with obsceno - 18
A tremor of madness shook him when he thought of this.
UnAuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of temblortemblortremortemblor · noun, masculine, singularsubject of estremecíadeofde · prepositionpreposition marking locuralocuramadnesslocura · noun, feminine, singularmodifies temblorlehimél · pronoun, dative, singularindirect object of estremecíaestremecíashookestremecer · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencecuandowhencuando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of pensabapensabathoughtpensar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on estremecíaenofen · prepositionpreposition marking estoestothiseste · pronoun, singularobject of preposition en, complement of pensaba - 19
He knew—ah, how well he knew it!—that he was gratuitously offending, soiling his soul.
SabíaHe knewsaber · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceahahah · interjectiondepends on sabíaquéhowqué · adverb, exclamativemodifies bien (exclamative intensifier)bienwellbien · adverbmodifies sabíaloitél · pronoun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of sabíasabíaknewsaber · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularrepeats Sabía in the parenthetical exclamationquethatque · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of estaba, complement of Sabíaestabawasestar · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of ofendiendogratuitamentegratuitouslygratuitamente · adverbmodifies ofendiendoofendiendooffendingofender · verb, gerundverb of the clause introduced by que, complement of Sabíaensuciandosoilingensuciar · verb, gerundcoordinated with ofendiendo, sharing estabasuhissu · determiner, singulardeterminer of almaalmasoulalma · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of ensuciando And the terror felt by a man who in a nightmare falls into an abyss where he will not die, he suffered it while he deliberately mired himself.
YAndy · conjunctionconnects to the previous sentenceeltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of terrorterrorterrorterror · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of padecíalo (fronted, resumed by lo)quethatque · pronoundirect object of experimentaexperimentafeelsexperimentar · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularclause modifying terroreltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of hombrehombremanhombre · noun, masculine, singularsubject of experimentaquewhoque · pronounsubject of caeeninen · prepositionpreposition marking pesadillaunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of pesadillapesadillanightmarepesadilla · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of caecaefallscaer · verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularclause modifying hombrealinto theal · prepositionpreposition marking abismoabismoabyssabismo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of caeeninen · prepositionpreposition marking quequewhichque · pronounobject of preposition en (referring to abismo), oblique complement of moriránonotno · adverbmodifies morirámoriráwill diemorir · verb, future, indicative, third-person, singularclause modifying abismopadecíalosuffered itpadecer · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular, with enclitic direct-object pronoun lomain verb of the sentence (direct object lo = terror)padecíalo = padecía + lo (enclitic direct-object pronoun attached to a finite verb), an older literary word order equivalent to 'lo padecía' — he suffered it, referring back to el terror.
élheél · pronoun, nominative, masculine, singularemphatic subject of padecíalomientraswhilemientras · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of enlodandodeliberadamentedeliberatelydeliberadamente · adverbmodifies enlodandosehimselfél · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive particle of enlodandoibawasir · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of enlodandoenlodandomiringenlodar · verb, gerundadverbial clause on padecíalo- 20
For at moments his craving was for humiliation, like that of the saints who kissed the sores of the filthy; not out of compassion, but to be more unworthy of the mercy of God, who would feel disgusted to see them seek heaven with such repugnant proofs.
PorqueForporque · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of eraaata · prepositionpreposition marking instantesinstantesmomentsinstante · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of erasuhissu · determiner, singulardeterminer of afánafáncravingafán · noun, masculine, singularsubject of eraerawasser · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to humillacióndeforde · prepositionpreposition marking humillaciónhumillaciónhumiliationhumillación · noun, feminine, singularpredicate complement of eracomolikecomo · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the comparison with afán (like that of the saints)elthatel · pronoun, masculine, singularstands for afán (elliptical), modified by de los santos'el de los santos' = 'that [craving] of the saints' — el stands in for the omitted noun afán.
deofde · prepositionpreposition introducing santoslostheel · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of santossantossaintssanto · noun, masculine, pluralobject of preposition de, modifies elquewhoque · pronounsubject of besabanbesabankissedbesar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralclause modifying santoslastheel · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of llagasllagassoresllaga · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of besabandeofde · prepositionpreposition marking inmundoslostheel · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of inmundosinmundosfilthyinmundo · noun, masculine, pluralobject of de, modifies llagasinmundos is the adjective inmundo used as a noun: 'the unclean/filthy (people).'
nonotno · adverbnegates por compasiónporout ofpor · prepositionpreposition marking compasióncompasióncompassioncompasión · noun, feminine, singularobject of preposition porsinobutsino · conjunctionlinks the coordinationparatopara · prepositionintroduces the clause of ser (coordinated with por compasión)serbeser · auxiliary verb, infinitivecopula linking to indignosmásmoremás · adverbmodifies indignosindignosunworthyindigno · adjective, masculine, pluralpredicate complement of serdeofde · prepositionpreposition marking piedadlatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of piedadpiedadmercypiedad · noun, feminine, singularobject of de, complement of indignosdeofde · prepositionpreposition marking DiosDiosGodDios · proper nounobject of de, modifies piedadquewhoque · pronounsubject of sentiríasehimselfél · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive particle of sentiríasentiríawould feelsentir · verb, conditional, third-person, singularclause modifying Diosasqueadodisgustedasqueado · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate complement of sentiría (sentirse asqueado = to feel disgusted)detode · prepositionpreposition marking verlesverlessee themver él · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of de, governing buscarverles buscar = 'to see them seeking' (an infinitive clause after ver); les serves as the object pronoun for people here, a more formal/literary usage.
buscarseekbuscar · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of verleseltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of cielocieloheavencielo · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of buscarconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking pruebaspruebasproofsprueba · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of buscartansotanto · adverbmodifies repugnantesrepugnantesrepugnantrepugnante · adjective, pluralmodifies pruebas But when those images vanished from him, and only the "desire to know the meaning of life" remained in his consciousness, he said to himself:
MasButmas · conjunctionconnects the sentence to what precedes (adversative)cuandowhencuando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of desaparecíandesaparecíanvanisheddesaparecer · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluraladverbial clause on decíasedefromde · prepositionpreposition marking élélhimél · pronoun, masculine, singularoblique complement of desaparecíanesasthoseese · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of imágenesimágenesimagesimagen · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of desaparecíanyandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsóloonlysólo · adverbmodifies quedabaquedabaremainedquedar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with desaparecían (within the cuando clause)eninen · prepositionpreposition marking concienciasuhissu · determiner, singulardeterminer of concienciaconcienciaconsciousnessconciencia · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of quedabaeltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of deseodeseodesiredeseo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of quedabadetode · prepositionintroduces the clause of conocerconocerknowconocer · verb, infinitiveclause modifying deseoeltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of sentidosentidomeaningsentido · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of conocerdeofde · prepositionpreposition marking vidalatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of vidavidalifevida · noun, feminine, singularobject of de, modifies sentidodecíasehe said to himselfdecir · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular, with enclitic reflexive pronoun semain verb of the sentencedecíase = decía + se (enclitic reflexive pronoun), an older literary word order equivalent to 'se decía' — he said to himself.
- 21
"No, I am not a lackey... truly I am not..."—and he would have liked to go and ask his wife to take pity on him, to have mercy on his thoughts so horrible and base.
NoNono · adverbstands alone (negation)yoIyo · pronoun, nominative, singularsubject of soynonotno · adverbmodifies soysoyamser · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularcopula linking to lacayounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of lacayolacayolackeylacayo · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of soydeofde · prepositionpreposition introducing verdad (fixed phrase de verdad = truly)verdadtruthverdad · nounobject of preposition de'de verdad' is a fixed phrase meaning 'truly, really,' not literally 'of truth.'
quethatque · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of soynonotno · adverbmodifies soyloitél · pronoun, accusative, masculine, singularpredicate complement of soy, referring to lacayosoyamser · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularcopula, complement loyandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhubierawould havehaber · auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularauxiliary of queridoqueridowantedquerer · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the clause, coordinated by yirto goir · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of queridoatoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of pedirlepedirleask herpedir él · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of ir aatoa · prepositionpreposition marking esposasuhissu · determiner, singulardeterminer of esposaesposawifeesposa · noun, feminine, singularindirect object of pedirlequethatque · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of compadeciera, direct object of pedirleseherselfél · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive particle of compadecieracompadecieratake pitycompadecer · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularclausal complement of pedirledeonde · prepositionpreposition marking élélhimél · pronoun, masculine, singularoblique complement of compadeciera (object of de)quethatque · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tuviera, coordinated with compadecieratuvierahavetener · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularclausal complement of pedirle, coordinated with compadecierapiedadmercypiedad · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of tuvieradeonde · prepositionpreposition marking pensamientossushissu · determiner, pluraldeterminer of pensamientospensamientosthoughtspensamiento · noun, masculine, pluralobject of de, modifies piedadtansotanto · adverbmodifies horribleshorribleshorriblehorrible · adjective, pluralmodifies pensamientosyandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbajosbasebajo · adjective, masculine, pluralcoordinated with horribles But the memory that on her account he had been forced to sacrifice himself so many times filled him with a dull rancor, and in such circumstances he would have liked to kill her.
MasButmas · conjunctionconnects the sentence to what precedes (adversative)eltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of recuerdorecuerdomemoryrecuerdo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of colmabadeofde · prepositionintroduces the clause of vistoquethatque · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vistoporon account ofpor · prepositionpreposition marking ellaellaherél · pronoun, feminine, singularoblique complement of vistosehimselfél · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive particle of vistohabíahadhaber · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of vistovistofoundver · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularclause modifying recuerdoobligadoforcedobligado · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate complement of visto'verse obligado a' literally 'to see oneself obliged to' = 'to find oneself forced to.'
atoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of sacrificarsesacrificarsesacrifice himselfsacrificar él · verb, infinitivecomplement of obligadotantasso manytanto · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of vecesvecestimesvez · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of sacrificarselehimél · pronoun, dative, singularindirect object of colmabacolmabafilledcolmar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencedewithde · prepositionpreposition marking rencorunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of rencorrencorrancorrencor · noun, masculine, singularobject of de, modifies colmabasordodullsordo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies rencoryandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationeninen · prepositionpreposition marking circunstanciasesassuchese · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of circunstanciascircunstanciascircumstancescircunstancia · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of queridohubierawould havehaber · auxiliary verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularauxiliary of queridoqueridowantedquerer · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularcoordinated with colmabamatarlakill hermatar él · verb, infinitivecomplement of querido- 22
And he well knew that someday she would give herself to another, and that was one more element added to the other factors that composed his anguish.
YAndy · conjunctionconnects the sentence to what precedesbienwellbien · adverbmodifies sabíasabíaknewsaber · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencequethatque · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of entregaríaalgúnsomealguno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of díadíadaydía · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of entregaríaellasheél · pronoun, feminine, singularsubject of entregaríaseherselfél · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive particle of entregaríaentregaríawould giveentregar · verb, conditional, third-person, singularclausal complement of sabíaatoa · prepositionpreposition marking otrootroanotherotro · pronoun, masculine, singularoblique complement of entregaría (object of a)yandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationaquélthataquél · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of eraaquél refers back to the whole idea just described (that she would someday give herself to another), not a specific masculine noun.
erawasser · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to elementounoneuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of elementosumadoaddedsumado · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies elementoelementoelementelemento · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of eramásmoremás · adverbmodifies elementoatoa · prepositionpreposition marking factoreslostheel · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of factoresotrosotherotro · determiner, masculine, pluralmodifies factoresfactoresfactorsfactor · noun, masculine, pluralobject of preposition a, modifies elementoquethatque · pronounsubject of componíancomponíancomposedcomponer · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluralclause modifying factoressuhissu · determiner, singulardeterminer of angustiaangustiaanguishangustia · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of componían - 23
Hence, when he embezzled the first twenty pesos, he was amazed at the ease with which one could do "that", perhaps because before stealing he believed he would have to overcome a series of scruples that in his present conditions of life he could not know.
Defromde · prepositionpreposition marking allí (fixed phrase de allí que = hence)allíthereallí · adverbobject of de, forms the phrase de allí que'De allí que' is a fixed causal phrase meaning 'hence, that is why.'
quethatque · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of asombrócuandowhencuando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of defraudódefraudóembezzleddefraudar · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on asombrólostheel · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of pesosprimerosfirstprimero · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies pesosveintetwentyveinte · numeral, pluralquantifies pesospesospesospeso · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of defraudósehimselfél · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive particle of asombróasombrówas amazedasombrar · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencedeatde · prepositionpreposition marking facilidadlatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of facilidadfacilidadeasefacilidad · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of asombróconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking quequewhichque · pronounobject of preposition con (manner), complement of hacerseoneél · pronoun, accusative, impersonalimpersonal particle of hacerpodíacouldpoder · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of hacerhacerdohacer · verb, infinitiveclause modifying facilidadesothatese · pronoun, singulardirect object of hacerquizáperhapsquizá · adverbmodifies creyóporquebecauseporque · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of creyóantesbeforeantes · adverbheads antes de robar, temporal adjunct of creyódeofde · prepositionintroduces the clause of robarrobarstealingrobar · verb, infinitiveadverbial clause on antescreyóbelievedcreer · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on asombrótenerhavetener · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of creyóquetoque · subordinating conjunctionpart of the periphrasis tener que, introduces vencervencerovercomevencer · verb, infinitiveinfinitive complement of tener (tener que + infinitive)unaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of serieserieseriesserie · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of vencerdeofde · prepositionpreposition marking escrúpulosescrúpulosscruplesescrúpulo · noun, masculine, pluralmodifies seriequethatque · pronoundirect object of conocereninen · prepositionpreposition marking condicionessushissu · determiner, pluraldeterminer of condicionesactualespresentactual · adjective, pluralmodifies condicionescondicionesconditionscondición · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of conocerdeofde · prepositionpreposition marking vidavidalifevida · noun, feminine, singularmodifies condicionesnonotno · adverbmodifies conocerpodíacouldpoder · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of conocerconocerknowconocer · verb, infinitiveclause modifying escrúpulos He said to himself afterward:
DecíaseHe said to himselfdecir · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singular, with enclitic reflexive pronoun semain verb of the sentenceDecíase = decía + se (enclitic reflexive pronoun), an older literary word order equivalent to 'se decía' — he said to himself.
luegoafterwardluego · adverbmodifies Decíase- 24
"It is a matter of having the will and doing it, nothing more."
Esisser · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to cuestióncuestiónmattercuestión · noun, feminine, singularpredicate complement of Esdeofde · prepositionintroduces the clause of tenertenerhavingtener · verb, infinitiveclause modifying cuestiónvoluntadwillvoluntad · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of teneryandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhacerlodoing ithacer él · verb, infinitivecoordinated with tenernadanothingnada · pronoun, singularappositive remark on the whole sentencemásmoremás · adverbmodifies nada - 25
And "that" eased life; with "that" he had money that gave him strange sensations because it cost him nothing to earn it.
YAndy · conjunctionconnects the sentence to what precedesesothatese · pronoun, singularsubject of aliviabaaliviabaeasedaliviar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of vidavidalifevida · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of aliviabaconwithcon · prepositionpreposition marking esoesothatese · pronoun, singularoblique complement of teníateníahadtener · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with aliviaba (new clause)dineromoneydinero · noun, masculine, singulardirect object of teníaquethatque · pronounsubject of causabalehimél · pronoun, dative, singularindirect object of causabacausabagavecausar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularclause modifying dinerosensacionessensationssensación · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of causabaextrañasstrangeextraño · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies sensacionesporquebecauseporque · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of costabanadanothingnada · pronoun, singularquantity/degree complement of costaba ('to no degree'); the infinitive ganarlo (w19) is the notional subject, so nada cannot also be tagged subject of costabalehimél · pronoun, dative, singularindirect object of costabacostabacostcostar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on causabaganarloearning itganar él · verb, infinitiveinfinitive subject of costaba And what was astonishing for Erdosain did not consist in the theft, but in the fact that it was not revealed in his face that he was a thief.
YAndy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlowhatel · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of asombroso'lo' + adjective forms an abstract noun: 'lo asombroso' = 'what was astonishing.'
asombrosoastonishingasombroso · adjective, masculine, singularsubject of consistíaparaforpara · prepositionpreposition marking ErdosainErdosainErdosainErdosain · proper nounmodifies asombrosononotno · adverbmodifies consistíaconsistíaconsistedconsistir · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceeninen · prepositionpreposition marking roboeltheel · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of roborobotheftrobo · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of consistíasinobut rathersino · conjunctionlinks the coordination'no... sino que...' = 'not... but rather...,' introducing the contrasting alternative.
quethatque · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase sinononotno · adverbmodifies revelaraseitselfél · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive particle of revelararevelararevealedrevelar · verb, imperfect, subjunctive, third-person, singularcoordinated with consistíaeninen · prepositionpreposition marking semblantesuhissu · determiner, singulardeterminer of semblantesemblantefacesemblante · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of revelaraquethatque · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause era un ladrón (subject of revelara)erawasser · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to ladrónunauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of ladrónladrónthiefladrón · noun, masculine, singularpredicate complement of eraHe was forced to steal because he earned a meager monthly wage.
Sehimselfél · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive particle of vioviofoundver · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentenceobligadoforcedobligado · adjective, masculine, singularpredicate complement of vio'verse obligado a' literally 'to see oneself obliged to' = 'to find oneself forced to.'
atoa · prepositionintroduces the clause of robarrobarstealrobar · verb, infinitivecomplement of obligadoporquebecauseporque · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ganabaganabaearnedganar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on viounauno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of mensualmensualmonthly wagemensual · adjective, singulardirect object of ganaba'mensual' is the adjective used as a noun here: 'a monthly [wage].'
exiguomeagerexiguo · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies mensual- 26
Eighty, one hundred, one hundred and twenty pesos, for this amount depended on the sums collected, since his salary was made up of a commission on every hundred collected.
OchentaEightyochenta · numeral, pluralquantifies pesoscienone hundredcien · numeral, pluralcoordinated with Ochenta, quantifies pesoscientohundredciento · numeral, pluralcompound with veinteveintetwentyveinte · numeral, pluralquantifies pesospesospesospeso · nounhead of the phrasepuesforpues · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dependíaestethiseste · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of importeimporteamountimporte · noun, masculine, singularsubject of dependíadependíadependeddepender · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularverb of the pues-clause (subject: importe)deonde · prepositionpreposition marking cantidadeslastheel · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of cantidadescantidadessumscantidad · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of dependíacobradascollectedcobrado · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies cantidadesyasinceya · adverbintroduces the clause of componíaquethatque · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase yasuhissu · determiner, singulardeterminer of sueldosueldosalarysueldo · noun, masculine, singularsubject of componíaseitselfél · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive particle of componíacomponíamade upcomponer · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on dependíadeofde · prepositionpreposition marking comisiónunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of comisióncomisióncommissioncomisión · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of componíaporperpor · prepositionpreposition marking cientocadaeachcada · determiner, singulardeterminer of cientocientohundredciento · numeral, pluraloblique complement of comisióncobradocollectedcobrado · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies ciento - 27
Thus there were days when he carried four to five thousand pesos, while he, poorly fed, had to bear the stench of a fake-leather briefcase inside which happiness piled up in the form of banknotes, checks, money orders, and bearer drafts.
AsíThusasí · adverbmodifies hubohubothere werehaber · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencedíasdaysdía · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of huboquewhenque · pronounintroduces relative clause on días (=when)Here 'que' functions like 'cuando' (when), a common construction after time expressions such as 'días que...'
llevócarriedllevar · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularclause modifying díasdefromde · prepositionpreposition marking cuatrocuatrofourcuatro · numeral, pluraloblique complement of llevóatoa · prepositionpairs with de (range: from...to...)cincofivecinco · numeral, pluralquantifies pesosmilthousandmil · numeral, pluralcompound with cincopesospesospeso · noundirect object of llevómientraswhilemientras · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of teníaélheél · pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singularsubject of teníamalamentepoorlymalamente · adverbmodifies alimentadoalimentadofedalimentado · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies élteníahadtener · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on huboquetoque · subordinating conjunctionpart of the periphrasis tenía que (=had to)soportarbearsoportar · verb, infinitivecomplement of tenía (periphrastic 'had to')latheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of hediondezhediondezstenchhediondez · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of soportardeofde · prepositionpreposition marking carteraunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of carteracarterabriefcasecartera · noun, feminine, singularmodifies hediondezdeofde · prepositionpreposition marking cuerocueroleathercuero · noun, masculine, singularmodifies carterafalsofakefalso · adjective, masculine, singularmodifies cueroeninen · prepositionpreposition marking interiorcuyowhosecuyo · pronoun, masculine, singularmodifies interiorinteriorinteriorinterior · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of amontonabaseitselfél · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive particle of amontonabaamontonabapiled upamontonar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularclause modifying carteralatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of felicidadfelicidadhappinessfelicidad · noun, feminine, singularsubject of amontonababajoinbajo · prepositionpreposition marking formalatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of formaformaformforma · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of amontonabadeofde · prepositionpreposition marking billetesbilletesbanknotesbillete · noun, masculine, pluralmodifies formachequescheckscheque · noun, masculine, pluralcoordinated with billetesgirosmoney ordersgiro · noun, masculine, pluralcoordinated with billetesyandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationórdenesdraftsorden · noun, feminine, pluralcoordinated with billetesalto theal · prepositionpreposition marking portadorportadorbearerportador · noun, masculine, singularmodifies órdenes - 28
His wife reproached him for the deprivations she daily endured; he listened in silence to her reproaches and then, alone, said to himself:
SuHissu · determiner, singulardeterminer of esposaesposawifeesposa · noun, feminine, singularsubject of recriminabaleto himél · pronoun, dative, singularindirect object of recriminabarecriminabareproachedrecriminar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelastheel · determiner, feminine, pluraldeterminer of privacionesprivacionesdeprivationsprivación · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of recriminabaquewhichque · pronoundirect object of soportabacotidianamentedailycotidianamente · adverbmodifies soportabasoportabaenduredsoportar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularclause modifying privacionesélheél · pronoun, acc,nom, masculine, singularsubject of escuchabaescuchabalistenedescuchar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with recriminabaeninen · prepositionpreposition marking silenciosilenciosilencesilencio · noun, masculine, singularoblique complement of escuchabasushersu · determiner, pluraldeterminer of reprochesreprochesreproachesreproche · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of escuchabayandy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationluegothenluego · adverbmodifies decíaaalonea · prepositionmodifies decíasolasalonesolo · adjective, feminine, pluralpart of the phrase aFixed idiom 'a solas' = 'alone, by oneself.'
seto himselfél · pronoun, dative, reflexivereflexive dative particle of decía (decirse)decíasaiddecir · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularcoordinated with escuchaba - 29
"What is it that I can do?"
QuéWhatqué · pronoun, singularsubject of esesisser · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelothatel · pronoun, neuter, singularpredicate complement of es ("lo que" = "that which")quethatque · pronoundirect object of hacerpuedocanpoder · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singularauxiliary of hacerhacerdohacer · verb, infinitivecomplement of puedo (main verb of the relative clause)yoIyo · pronoun, nominative, singularsubject of hacer - 30
When he had the idea, when a tiny idea assured him that he could defraud his employers, he felt the joy of an inventor.
CuandoWhencuando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tuvotuvohadtener · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on experimentólatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of ideaideaideaidea · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of tuvocuandowhencuando · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of cercioróunaauno · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of ideapequeñitatinypequeñito · adjective, feminine, singularmodifies ideaideaideaidea · noun, feminine, singularsubject of cerciorólohimél · pronoun, accusative, masculine, singulardirect object of cerciorócercioróassuredcerciorar · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on experimentódeofde · prepositionintroduces the clause of defraudarquethatque · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of defraudarpodíacouldpoder · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of defraudardefraudardefrauddefraudar · verb, infinitivecomplement of cercioróaobject markera · prepositionpreposition marking patrones (personal a)This is the 'personal a', required before a direct object referring to people; it has no separate English translation.
sushissu · determiner, pluraldeterminer of patronespatronesemployerspatrón · noun, masculine, pluraldirect object of defraudarexperimentófeltexperimentar · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencelatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of alegríaalegríajoyalegría · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of experimentódeofde · prepositionpreposition marking inventorunanuno · determiner, masculine, singulardeterminer of inventorinventorinventorinventor · noun, masculine, singularmodifies alegría Steal?
RobarStealrobar · verb, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceHow had it not occurred to him before?
CómoHowcómo · adverb, interrogativemodifies ocurridononotno · adverbmodifies ocurridoseitselfél · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive particle of ocurrido'ocurrírsele a alguien' = 'to occur to someone,' an inherently reflexive verb; hence both 'se' and 'le' appear.
leto himél · pronoun, dative, singularindirect object of ocurridohabíahadhaber · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularauxiliary of ocurridoocurridooccurredocurrir · verb, past, participle, masculine, singularmain verb of the sentenceantesbeforeantes · adverbmodifies ocurrido- 31
And Erdosain was astonished at his own ineptitude, going so far as to reproach himself for a lack of initiative, for in that period (three months before the events narrated) he suffered needs of every kind, despite the fact that large sums of money passed daily through his hands.
YAndy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationErdosainErdosainErdosain · proper nounsubject of asombrósehimselfél · pronoun, accusative, reflexivereflexive particle of asombróasombróastonishedasombrar · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the sentencedeatde · prepositionpreposition marking incapacidadsuhissu · determiner, singulardeterminer of incapacidadincapacidadineptitudeincapacidad · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of asombróllegandogoingllegar · verb, gerundadverbial clause on asombróhastaeven tohasta · prepositionintroduces the clause of reprocharsereprocharsereproach himselfreprochar él · verb, infinitivecomplement of llegandofaltalackfalta · noun, feminine, singulardirect object of reprocharsedeofde · prepositionpreposition marking iniciativainiciativainitiativeiniciativa · noun, feminine, singularmodifies faltapuesforpues · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sufríaeninen · prepositionpreposition marking épocaesathatese · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of épocaépocaperiodépoca · noun, feminine, singularoblique complement of sufríatresthreetres · numeral, pluralquantifies mesesmesesmonthsmes · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of antesantesbeforeantes · adverbmodifies épocadeofde · prepositionpreposition marking sucesoslostheel · determiner, masculine, pluraldeterminer of sucesossucesoseventssuceso · noun, masculine, pluraloblique complement of antesnarradosnarratednarrado · adjective, masculine, pluralmodifies sucesossufríasufferedsufrir · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularadverbial clause on asombrónecesidadesneedsnecesidad · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of sufríadeofde · prepositionpreposition marking naturalezatodaeverytodo · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of naturalezanaturalezakindnaturaleza · noun, feminine, singularmodifies necesidadesaina · prepositionintroduces the clause of pasaban'a pesar de' is the fixed phrase 'in spite of, despite.'
pesarspitepesar · nounpart of the phrase adeofde · prepositionpart of the phrase aquethatque · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase adiariamentedailydiariamente · adverbmodifies pasabanpasabanpassedpasar · verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, pluraladverbial clause on sufríaporthroughpor · prepositionpreposition marking manossushissu · determiner, pluraldeterminer of manosmanoshandsmano · noun, feminine, pluraloblique complement of pasabancrecidaslargecrecido · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies cantidadescantidadessumscantidad · noun, feminine, pluralsubject of pasabandeofde · prepositionpreposition marking dinerodineromoneydinero · noun, masculine, singularmodifies cantidades - 32
And what made his fraudulent maneuvers easy was the lack of administration there was at the Sugar Company.
YAndy · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlowhatel · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of fue ("lo que" = "that which")quethatque · pronounsubject of facilitófacilitómade easyfacilitar · verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularmain verb of the lo que clause (subject of fue)sushissu · determiner, pluraldeterminer of maniobrasmaniobrasmaneuversmaniobra · noun, feminine, pluraldirect object of facilitófraudulentasfraudulentfraudulento · adjective, feminine, pluralmodifies maniobrasfuewasser · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singularcopula linking to faltalatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of faltafaltalackfalta · noun, feminine, singularpredicate complement of fuedeofde · prepositionpreposition marking administraciónadministraciónadministrationadministración · noun, feminine, singularmodifies faltaquethatque · pronounsubject of habíahabíathere washaber · auxiliary verb, imperfect, indicative, third-person, singularclause modifying faltaenaten · prepositionpreposition marking Compañíalatheel · determiner, feminine, singulardeterminer of CompañíaCompañíaCompanyCompañía · proper nounoblique complement of habíaAzucareraSugarAzucarera · proper nounpart of the name Compañía
The particulars
- The text
- Los siete locos, Roberto Arlt. Part One.
- Translation
- Public-domain Spanish (Arlt, d. 1942). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Reading aloud
- Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
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