German Basic Course 1732 Studios

German · Unit 12

Unit 12: Auf einer Gesellschaft

Volume 1

At a party

485 lines

Basic Sentences I

  1. 1

    How long have you been here, Mrs. Jones?

    Wiehow long
    langehow long
    sindare
    Siewould you like
    denn(no English equivalent. Unstressed particle expressing polite interest or concern.)
    schonalready, before
    hier,here
    gnädigepolite way of addressing a married woman (Mrs. Allen)
    Frau?polite way of addressing a married woman (Mrs. Allen)
  2. 2

    Only two months.

  3. 3

    We arrived in Bremerhaven on the second of March.

  4. 4

    Did you have a pleasant crossing?

Erst
only
angekommen
he arrived
gehabt
he had
  1. 5

    On the whole, yes.

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    Only our daughter was seasick almost all the time.

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    I'm sorry [to hear that].

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    Aside from that the voyage was a real vacation for us.

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    How long have you been here, Mrs. Jones?

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    Only two months.

  7. 11

    We arrived in Bremerhaven on the second of March.

  8. 12

    Did you have a pleasant crossing?

  9. 13

    On the whole, yes.

  10. 14

    Only our daughter was seasick almost all the time.

  11. 15

    I'm sorry [to hear that].

  12. 16

    Aside from that the voyage was a real vacation for us.

Ganzen
in general, on the whole
seekrank
seasick
gewesen
she was
leid
I'm sorry
Erholung
the recovery, recuperation

Basic Sentences II

  1. 17

    Have you gotten well settled, Mr. Allen?

  2. 18

    Yes, we feel very much at home here already.

  3. 19

    We've found a nice apartment fortunately.

  4. 20

    In the American Colony?

eingelebt
he has gotten settled
fühlen
to feel well
glücklicherweise
fortunately
gefunden
he has found
  1. 21

    No, we've been living in a two-family house in the southern part of town for two weeks.

Tagen
for two weeks
Süden
the south
  1. 22

    How did you settle the school question in your family?

gelöst
he solved, settled
  1. 23

    The two boys are attending a German 'Realgymnasium'.

  2. 24

    Our little girl goes to an American kindergarten.

  3. 25

    Have you gotten well settled, Mr. Allen?

  4. 26

    Yes, we feel very much at home here already.

  5. 27

    We've found a nice apartment fortunately.

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    In the American Colony?

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    No, we've been living in a two-family house in the southern part of town for two weeks.

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    How did you settle the school question in your family?

  9. 31

    The two boys are attending a German 'Realgymnasium'.

  10. 32

    Our little girl goes to an American kindergarten.

Jungen
the boy
besuchen
to attend
Kindergarten
the kindergarten

Basic Sentences III

  1. 33

    You were at the opera yesterday too, weren't you?

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    How did you like the performance?

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    Very much.

gefallen
you liked it
  1. 36

    I'm glad I got a season ticket for the theater.

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    That's what I should have done, too. ('Too bad I didn't do that too.')

froh
glad, happy
genommen
he took
dumm
stupid
dumm
too bad
getan
he did
  1. 38

    I had to stand in line an hour and a half for my ticket.

  2. 39

    But it was worth it, wasn't it?

  3. 40

    Definitely!

  4. 41

    Do you know by the way, that the Berlin Philharmonic is giving a concert here in a week?

anderthalb
one and a half
anstehen
to stand in line
müssen
he had to stand in line
gelohnt
it was worthwhile
Tagen
in a week
  1. 42

    Yes, I've read about it. Are you going to go?

  2. 43

    I'd like to if there are still tickets.

  3. 44

    I intend to inquire tomorrow. May I get you a ticket too?

  4. 45

    Yes, that would be nice.

  5. 46

    You were at the opera yesterday too, weren't you?

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    How did you like the performance?

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    Very much.

  8. 49

    I'm glad I got a season ticket for the theater.

  9. 50

    That's what I should have done, too. ('Too bad I didn't do that too.')

  10. 51

    I had to stand in line an hour and a half for my ticket.

  11. 52

    But it was worth it, wasn't it?

  12. 53

    Definitely!

  13. 54

    Do you know by the way, that the Berlin Philharmonic is giving a concert here in a week?

  14. 55

    Yes, I've read about it. Are you going to go?

  15. 56

    I'd like to if there are still tickets.

  16. 57

    I intend to inquire tomorrow. May I get you a ticket too?

  17. 58

    Yes, that would be nice.

gelesen
he has read
erkundigen
to inquire, ask
wäre
would be

Basic Sentences IV

  1. 59

    How is your son getting along?

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    Thank you, he's fine.

  3. 61

    He's studying at (the university of) Göttingen now.

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    Wasn't he in America as an exchange student?

als
in the capacity of
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    Yes, he was able to study there for two years in fact.

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    Wasn't your daughter also abroad?

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    Yes, in Norway as a physical education teacher.

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    Now she's married and has been living in Munich since last summer.

Ausland
foreign countries
Norwegen
Norway
verheiratet
married
  1. 67

    Then you undoubtedly see each other frequently.

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    No, unfortunately only every few months.

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    How is your son getting along?

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    Thank you, he's fine.

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    He's studying at (the university of) Göttingen now.

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    Wasn't he in America as an exchange student?

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    Yes, he was able to study there for two years in fact.

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    Wasn't your daughter also abroad?

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    Yes, in Norway as a physical education teacher.

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    Now she's married and has been living in Munich since last summer.

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    Then you undoubtedly see each other frequently.

  12. 78

    No, unfortunately only every few months.

sehen
to see each other
Monate
every few months

Basic Sentences V

  1. 79

    Isn't that the Landrat over there?

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    No, that's an editor.

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    The Landrat is sitting beside our hostess.

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    The lady on his left is Frau von Rothenburg, isn't she?

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    Yes, that's right.

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    She works for the Red Cross.

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    I met her recently at a reception at the consul general's.

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    Do you know the gentleman she's talking to?

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    Yes, that's Dr. Maler, the director of the Board of Health.

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    Isn't that the Landrat over there?

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    No, that's an editor.

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    The Landrat is sitting beside our hostess.

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    The lady on his left is Frau von Rothenburg, isn't she?

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    Yes, that's right.

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    She works for the Red Cross.

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    I met her recently at a reception at the consul general's.

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    Do you know the gentleman she's talking to?

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    Yes, that's Dr. Maler, the director of the Board of Health.

Kreuz
the Red Cross
neulich
recently
kennengelernt
he met
Leiter
the director

Basic Sentences VI

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    I've heard that you're a good tennis player.

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    Oh, just fair.

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    Anyway I do like athletics.

Tennisspieler
the tennis player
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    Then you undoubtedly know that we've had a very modern swimming pool here since a short time ago.

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    Yes, but I've never been there.

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    If it's all right with you, we can go together sometime.

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    Yes, I'd be glad to.

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    I've heard that you're a good tennis player.

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    Oh, just fair.

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    Anyway I do like athletics.

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    Then you undoubtedly know that we've had a very modern swimming pool here since a short time ago.

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    Yes, but I've never been there.

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    If it's all right with you, we can go together sometime.

  11. 110

    Yes, I'd be glad to.

kurzem
since a short time ago
ja
(No English equivalent, implies that agreement with the statement made is assumed.)

Verbs. Past time

How English talks about the past

English has several ways to talk about past time.

One way is a past tense form alone, such as had or bought.

The others are verb phrases with an auxiliary verb: They did not buy the house. I have written a long letter to Bill.

A past participle is the verb form in have written or have sent.

Three German ways

German has three ways to talk about past time.

The first is a past tense form: Die Seereise war eine richtige Erholung für uns. The voyage was a real vacation for us.

The second is a verb phrase with an auxiliary verb and a past participle. In the question Wie haben Sie das Schulproblem gelöst, gelöst is the past participle.

The third is the present tense: Sie wohnt seit letztem Sommer in München. English says she's been living in Munich since last summer.

English has no such use of the present tense.

Two forms, one meaning

With sein and haben especially, two German ways can often take each other's place.

Die Seereise war eine richtige Erholung für uns means the voyage was a real vacation for us. Die Seereise ist eine richtige Erholung für uns gewesen means the same.

German and English ways of talking about the past do not match exactly. A German past tense is not always an English past tense. A German verb phrase is not always an English verb phrase.

  1. 111

    The voyage was a real vacation for us.

  2. 112

    How did you settle the school question?

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    She's been living in Munich since last summer.

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    Did you have a pleasant crossing?

  5. 115

    Did you have a pleasant crossing?

  6. 116

    The voyage was a real vacation for us.

  7. 117

    The voyage was a real vacation for us.

FSI German Basic Course (1961), Unit 12, Notes on Grammar

A. VERBS. PAST TIME.

I

I. In English we use several devices in order to talk about past time, some of which are illustrated in the following examples: 1) We had a very pleasant crossing. 2) Was he living in Berlin then? 3) They did not buy the house. 4) I have written a long letter to Bill. 5) We have been living in this house for two months already.

Notice that one of these devices (sentence 1) consists solely of a PAST TENSE form of the verb (had). All the other sentences contain VERB PHRASES consisting of an AUXILIARY VERB (was, did, have) plus a PRESENT PARTICIPLE (living), or an INFINITIVE (buy), or a PAST PARTICIPLE (written), or a PAST and a PRESENT PARTICIPLE together (been living).
A. VERBS. PAST TIME.

II

Die Seereise war eine richtige Erholung für uns.
The voyage was a real vacation for us.

Wie haben Sie das Schulproblem gelöst?
How did you settle the school question?

Sie wohnt seit letztem Sommer in München.
She's been living in Munich since last summer.

II. In German there are three devices which are used to talk about past time. Sentence 1) contains a PAST TENSE form of the verb; sentence 2) contains a VERB PHRASE with an AUXILIARY VERB plus a PAST PARTICIPLE; sentence 3) contains a PRESENT TENSE form of the verb. Notice that some of the devices used in English do not occur in German and one of the devices used in German does not occur in English.
A. VERBS. PAST TIME.

III

Haben Sie eine angenehme Überfahrt gehabt?
Did you have a pleasant crossing?

Hatten Sie eine angenehme Überfahrt?
Did you have a pleasant crossing?

Die Seereise war eine richtige Erholung für uns.
The voyage was a real vacation for us.

Die Seereise ist eine richtige Erholung für uns gewesen.
The voyage was a real vacation for us.

III. In some cases (particularly where the verbs sein and haben are concerned) two German devices for talking about past time are interchangeable. Sentences 1) and 3) occurred in the basic sentences of this unit. Sentences 2) and 4) could just as well have occurred in their stead. See if you could substitute any other English sentence for the one given in each case. Does the situation seem different to you, the time and place and circumstances under which the comments are made? GERMAN AND ENGLISH DEVICES FOR TALKING ABOUT PAST TIME DO NOT COINCIDE EXACTLY. The SIMPLE PAST TENSE of the one language is not necessarily equivalent to the SIMPLE PAST TENSE of the other, and a VERB PHRASE in the one language is not necessarily equivalent to a VERB PHRASE in the other.

Verbs. The perfect phrase, 1 of 2

The perfect phrase with haben

The perfect phrase is an auxiliary verb plus a past participle. It is the most frequent way to talk about the past in German conversation.

Most German verbs make the perfect phrase with haben: Wir haben Sie lange nicht gesehen. Sie hat lange vor dem Geschäft gestanden.

English has a perfect phrase too, as in have sent and have gone. English does not always use it where German does. Sie hat lange vor dem Geschäft gestanden means she stood in front of the store for a long time.

The perfect phrase with sein

Certain verbs make the perfect phrase with sein: Wir sind am zweiten März in Bremerhaven angekommen.

So far these verbs are auswandern, bleiben, fahren, gehen, kommen, laufen, sein and ziehen, with verbs built on them, such as mitfahren and zurückkommen.

None of them takes an accusative object. All except bleiben and sein show motion or change of position.

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    We haven't seen you for a long time, Mr. Becker.

  2. 119

    You called my office a little while ago, Mr. Bauer.

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    Did he say what it was about?

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    She stood in front of the store for a long time.

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    Do you know where his parents lived in Germany?

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    We arrived in Bremerhaven on the second of March.

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    My paper didn't come today.

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    At any rate the workmen were here yesterday.

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    How long did you stay there?

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    I don't think she went along today.

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    (verbs whose perfect phrase takes sein)

  12. 129

    (verbs whose perfect phrase takes sein)

FSI German Basic Course (1961), Unit 12, Notes on Grammar

B. VERBS. THE PERFECT PHRASE.

I.1

Wir haben Sie lange nicht gesehen, Herr Becker.
We haven't seen you for a long time, Mr. Becker.

Sie haben vorhin bei mir angerufen, Herr Bauer.
You called my office a little while ago, Mr. Bauer.

Hat er gesagt, um was es sich handelt?
Did he say what it was about?

Sie hat lange vor dem Geschäft gestanden.
She stood in front of the store for a long time.

Wissen Sie, wo seine Eltern in Deutschland gewohnt haben?
Do you know where his parents lived in Germany?

I. The most frequent device used in conversation in German is the VERB PHRASE consisting of an AUXILIARY VERB plus a PAST PARTICIPLE. This is called the PERFECT PHRASE. The form is like our English PERFECT PHRASE have sent, have gone, etc., but note that an English PERFECT PHRASE does not always occur where a German PERFECT PHRASE is used. 1. Notice the following examples, most of which have occurred in our units: Most German verbs make the PERFECT PHRASE with the AUXILIARY VERB haben.
B. VERBS. THE PERFECT PHRASE.

I.2

Wir sind am zweiten März in Bremerhaven angekommen.
We arrived in Bremerhaven on the second of March.

Meine Zeitung ist heute nicht gekommen.
My paper didn't come today.

Die Handwerker sind jedenfalls gestern dagewesen.
At any rate the workmen were here yesterday.

Wie lange bist du denn dort geblieben?
How long did you stay there?

Ich glaube nicht, dass sie heute mitgefahren ist.
I don't think she went along today.

auswandern - bleiben - fahren, abfahren, mitfahren - gehen, ausgehen, hingehen
(verbs whose perfect phrase takes sein)

kommen, ankommen, hereinkommen, hinkommen, mitkommen, vorbeikommen, zurückkommen - laufen - sein - ziehen, einziehen
(verbs whose perfect phrase takes sein)

2. Notice further: Certain German verbs make the PERFECT PHRASE with the AUXILIARY VERB sein. The following is a list of the verbs in the first twelve units which do this: auswandern, bleiben, fahren (abfahren, mitfahren), gehen (ausgehen, hingehen), kommen (ankommen, hereinkommen, hinkommen, mitkommen, vorbeikommen, zurückkommen), laufen, sein, ziehen (einziehen). You will remember that these verbs do not occur with accusative objects. Notice that all except bleiben and sein are also verbs which indicate motion or change of position.

Verbs. The perfect phrase, 2 of 2

Two infinitives in the perfect

Dürfen, können, möchte, müssen, sollen, wollen and lassen have a special perfect phrase. It has the infinitive of the verb in place of a past participle.

Two infinitives then stand together at the end of the sentence, the auxiliary infinitive last. The order is the same as in a verb phrase with three verbs.

The auxiliary verb in this phrase is always haben. Er hat sogar zwei Jahre dort studieren können means he was even able to study there for two years.

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    I had the shoes soled.

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    He was even able to study there for two years.

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    I had to stand in line an hour and a half for my ticket.

  4. 133

    (special perfect phrase)

  5. 134

    (present)

  6. 135

    (future phrase)

FSI German Basic Course (1961), Unit 12, Notes on Grammar

B. VERBS. THE PERFECT PHRASE.

II

Ich habe die Schuhe besohlen lassen.
I had the shoes soled.

Er hat sogar zwei Jahre dort studieren können.
He was even able to study there for two years.

Ich habe anderthalb Stunden für meine Karte anstehen müssen.
I had to stand in line an hour and a half for my ticket.

Ich habe die Schuhe besohlen lassen.
(special perfect phrase)

Ich muss die Schuhe besohlen lassen.
(present)

Ich werde die Schuhe besohlen lassen.
(future phrase)

II. The verbs dürfen, können, möchte(n), müssen, sollen, wollen and lassen have a SPECIAL PERFECT PHRASE. Instead of a PAST PARTICIPLE the INFINITIVE form of these verbs occurs in the PERFECT PHRASE. Since they all function as auxiliary verbs with another infinitive, two infinitives stand together at the end of the sentence, the auxiliary infinitive last. This construction is sometimes referred to as the DOUBLE INFINITIVE construction. Notice that this is exactly the same construction as we noted in Unit 11 under COMPLEX VERB PHRASES. THE AUXILIARY VERB in the SPECIAL PERFECT PHRASE is always haben, however. Compare:

Verbs. Past participle forms

Past participles of weak verbs

German has two kinds of past participle. A weak verb is a verb whose past participle ends in -t, such as gekauft and gewohnt.

Most weak verbs put ge- before a form the same as the er-form of the present tense: er wohnt, gewohnt.

An accented adverb comes before ge-, all in one word: eingelebt, aufgemacht.

A verb not stressed on its first syllable has no ge-: besucht, studiert.

A few weak verbs have irregular past participles: gehabt, gebracht, gewusst.

Past participles of strong verbs

A strong verb is a verb whose past participle ends in -n, such as gefahren and gesehen. Strong verbs are few but very common.

Many strong verbs change the stem in the past participle. The change cannot be predicted from the infinitive: nehmen, genommen. Learn each pair together.

A star marks a past participle whose perfect phrase takes sein: bleiben, geblieben. The irregular verb sein has the past participle gewesen.

  1. 136

    1. Most WEAK VERBS have a PAST PARTICIPLE consisting of a form identical with the er-form of the PRESENT TENSE preceded by the prefix ge-.

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    ein-ge-lebt - auf-ge-macht - ein-ge-richtet - vor-ge-stellt

    2. When the verb has an accented adverb this precedes the prefix ge- and the whole thing is written as one word.

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    3. When the verb is not stressed on the first syllable, the PAST PARTICIPLE consists only of a form identical with the er-form of the PRESENT TENSE and has no additional prefix ge-.

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    ge-habt - ge-kannt - ge-bracht - ge-wusst - ge-dacht

    4. A few WEAK VERBS have irregular PAST PARTICIPLES.

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    (strong verbs and their past participles)

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    (* = perfect phrase with sein)

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    (strong verbs and their past participles)

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    (strong verbs and their past participles)

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    (strong verbs and their past participles)

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    (strong verbs and their past participles)

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    (strong verbs and their past participles)

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    2. The verb sein, which is irregular, has the PAST PARTICIPLE gewesen.

FSI German Basic Course (1961), Unit 12, Notes on Grammar

C. VERBS. PAST PARTICIPLE FORMS

I. Weak Verbs

ge-kauft - ge-wohnt - ge-hört - ge-arbeitet - ge-regnet
1. Most WEAK VERBS have a PAST PARTICIPLE consisting of a form identical with the er-form of the PRESENT TENSE preceded by the prefix ge-.

ein-ge-lebt - auf-ge-macht - ein-ge-richtet - vor-ge-stellt
2. When the verb has an accented adverb this precedes the prefix ge- and the whole thing is written as one word.

besucht - vermietet - gehört - erwartet - studiert - übersetzt
3. When the verb is not stressed on the first syllable, the PAST PARTICIPLE consists only of a form identical with the er-form of the PRESENT TENSE and has no additional prefix ge-.

ge-habt - ge-kannt - ge-bracht - ge-wusst - ge-dacht
4. A few WEAK VERBS have irregular PAST PARTICIPLES.

There are two form classes of PAST PARTICIPLES in German. Most verbs have PAST PARTICIPLES which end in a -t like gekauft, gelöst, gewohnt and are called WEAK VERBS. A relatively small group of very common verbs have PAST PARTICIPLES which end in -n like gefahren, gesehen, gestanden and are called STRONG VERBS.

Notice that most of the verbs with irregular past participles also have other forms which are irregular.
C. VERBS. PAST PARTICIPLE FORMS

II. Strong Verbs

abheben - abgehoben; anbieten - angeboten; anfangen - angefangen; anrufen - angerufen; behalten - behalten; bekommen - bekommen; bitten - gebeten
(strong verbs and their past participles)

bleiben - *geblieben; empfehlen - empfohlen; essen - gegessen; fahren - *gefahren, abfahren - *abgefahren, mitfahren - *mitgefahren
(* = perfect phrase with sein)

finden - gefunden, stattfinden - stattgefunden; geben - gegeben, ausgeben - ausgegeben; gefallen - gefallen; gehen - *gegangen, ausgehen - *ausgegangen, hingehen - *hingegangen
(strong verbs and their past participles)

halten - gehalten; heissen - geheissen; helfen - geholfen; kommen - *gekommen, ankommen - *angekommen, hereinkommen - *hereingekommen, hinkommen - *hingekommen, mitkommen - *mitgekommen, vorbeikommen - *vorbeigekommen, zurückkommen - *zurückgekommen
(strong verbs and their past participles)

laufen - *gelaufen; leihen - geliehen; lesen - gelesen; liegen - gelegen; nehmen - genommen, abnehmen - abgenommen, mitnehmen - mitgenommen; scheinen - geschienen; schneiden - geschnitten; schreiben - geschrieben
(strong verbs and their past participles)

sehen - gesehen, ansehen - angesehen, aussehen - ausgesehen; sitzen - gesessen; sprechen - gesprochen; stehen - gestanden, anstehen - angestanden; tragen - getragen; treffen - getroffen; treiben - getrieben; trinken - getrunken; tun - getan
(strong verbs and their past participles)

unterhalten - unterhalten; verbinden - verbunden; vergessen - vergessen; verschlafen - verschlafen; verstehen - verstanden; waschen - gewaschen; ziehen - *gezogen, anziehen - angezogen, einziehen - *eingezogen
(strong verbs and their past participles)

sein - gewesen
2. The verb sein, which is irregular, has the PAST PARTICIPLE gewesen.

1. The PAST PARTICIPLES of many STRONG VERBS incorporate arbitrary changes in the STEM which cannot be predicted from the infinitive or present tense forms. The following is a complete list of all STRONG VERBS which have occurred in the first twelve units, together with their PAST PARTICIPLES. *Note that these PAST PARTICIPLES occur in a PERFECT PHRASE with the AUXILIARY sein.

Verbs. Past time continuing in the present, 1 of 2

How long, with wie lange

For an action or state that started in the past and still goes on, German uses the present tense. An expression of time shows that it continues.

The most common expression is the question phrase wie lange, with schon or jetzt.

Wie lange sind Sie denn schon hier is a question in the present tense. It means how long have you been here.

A time phrase with schon or erst

The expression of time can also be an adverb or a phrase in the accusative. Schon, jetzt or erst usually goes with it.

Ich bin jetzt ein halbes Jahr in Deutschland means I've been in Germany for six months now. The verb bin is present.

Meine Frau ist erst zwei Monate hier means my wife has only been here for two months. Erst means only.

Seit for since

Seit can go with an adverb, a question word or a dative phrase. Der Brief liegt seit gestern auf seinem Schreibtisch means the letter has been on his desk since yesterday.

Seit letztem Sommer is since last summer. Seit einer Stunde is for an hour.

Schon and erst are adverbs. They go with an accusative phrase, or with seit and a dative phrase: Ich bin schon eine Woche hier. Ich bin schon seit einer Woche hier.

  1. 148

    How long have you been here?

  2. 149

    Do you know, how long she has been living on this street?

  3. 150

    Have you been living in Berlin long?

  4. 151

    I've been in Germany for six months now.

  5. 152

    My wife has only been here for two months.

  6. 153

    I have had this suit for three years.

  7. 154

    I think she has been sitting over there in the café for a whole hour.

  8. 155

    The letter has been on his desk since yesterday.

  9. 156

    How long have you been working in this office?

  10. 157

    She has been living in Munich since last summer.

  11. 158

    We've only been here in Frankfurt for an hour.

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    (schon with an accusative phrase)

  13. 160

    (erst with an accusative phrase)

  14. 161

    (seit with a dative phrase)

  15. 162

    (schon with seit)

  16. 163

    (erst with seit)

FSI German Basic Course (1961), Unit 12, Notes on Grammar

D. VERBS. PAST TIME CONTINUING IN THE PRESENT.

I.1.a. The question phrase wie lange accompanied by schon (or jetzt)

Wie lange sind Sie denn schon hier?
How long have you been here?

Wissen Sie, wie lange sie schon in dieser Strasse wohnt?
Do you know, how long she has been living on this street?

I. To indicate that an action or state begun in the past is still continuing in the present German uses a PRESENT TENSE of the verb with an expression indicating continuation or duration of time. 1. The most common of these expressions are:
D. VERBS. PAST TIME CONTINUING IN THE PRESENT.

I.1.b. An adverb or an accusative phrase, usually accompanied by schon, jetzt or erst

Wohnen Sie schon lange in Berlin?
Have you been living in Berlin long?

Ich bin jetzt ein halbes Jahr in Deutschland.
I've been in Germany for six months now.

Meine Frau ist erst zwei Monate hier.
My wife has only been here for two months.

Ich habe diesen Anzug schon drei Jahre.
I have had this suit for three years.

Ich glaube, sie sitzt schon eine ganze Stunde da drüben im Café.
I think she has been sitting over there in the café for a whole hour.
D. VERBS. PAST TIME CONTINUING IN THE PRESENT.

I.1.c. The preposition seit followed by an adverb, a question word or a dative phrase

Der Brief liegt seit gestern auf seinem Schreibtisch.
The letter has been on his desk since yesterday.

Seit wann arbeiten Sie in diesem Büro?
How long have you been working in this office?

Sie wohnt seit letztem Sommer in München.
She has been living in Munich since last summer.

Wir sind erst seit einer Stunde hier in Frankfurt.
We've only been here in Frankfurt for an hour.

Ich bin schon eine Woche hier. Ich bin schon einen Monat hier.
(schon with an accusative phrase)

Ich bin erst eine Woche hier. Ich bin erst einen Monat hier.
(erst with an accusative phrase)

Ich bin seit einer Woche hier. Ich bin seit einem Monat hier.
(seit with a dative phrase)

Ich bin schon seit einer Woche hier. Ich bin schon seit einem Monat hier.
(schon with seit)

Ich bin erst seit einer Woche hier. Ich bin erst seit einem Monat hier.
(erst with seit)

Note that schon and erst are ADVERBS and occur EITHER with an accusative phrase OR with seit and a dative phrase.

Verbs. Past time continuing in the present, 2 of 2

Time that is over

English uses a verb phrase for past time that continues into the present. German uses the present tense.

German uses a verb phrase with an expression of time for a state or action that lies entirely in the past.

Ich bin ein halbes Jahr in Deutschland gewesen means I was in Germany for six months. The six months are over.

  1. 164

    How long did you live in Munich?

  2. 165

    I was in Germany for six months.

  3. 166

    She sat over there in the café for the whole hour.

FSI German Basic Course (1961), Unit 12, Notes on Grammar

D. VERBS. PAST TIME CONTINUING IN THE PRESENT.

I.2

Wie lange haben Sie in München gewohnt?
How long did you live in Munich?

Ich bin ein halbes Jahr in Deutschland gewesen.
I was in Germany for six months.

Sie hat eine ganze Stunde da drüben im Café gesessen.
She sat over there in the café for the whole hour.

2. You will have noticed that past time which continues into the present is indicated in English by a VERB PHRASE. Notice the implication of the following sentences: The use of the VERB PHRASE in German with expressions indicating continuation or duration of time indicates that the state or action lies entirely in the past.

Time expressions

Two ways to measure time

German can measure a period of time in large or small units, as English says thirty minutes or half an hour.

Vierzehn Tage and zwei Wochen are the same period. So are acht Tage and eine Woche.

Neunzig Minuten is anderthalb Stunden. Zwölf Monate is ein Jahr, and sechs Monate is ein halbes Jahr.

Anderthalb means one and a half.

  1. 167

    Wir wohnen seit zwei Wochen hier.

  2. 168

    Die Philharmoniker geben in einer Woche hier ein Konzert.

  3. 169

    Die Aufführung war sehr lang, anderthalb Stunden.

  4. 170

    Wir kommen in einem Monat wieder zurück.

  5. 171

    Ich bin nur eine Woche in Frankfurt geblieben.

  6. 172

    Das Konzert fängt in einer halben Stunde an.

  7. 173

    Wir waren ein halbes Jahr in Amerika.

  8. 174

    Sie sehen sich alle zwei Wochen.

  9. 175

    Er arbeitet schon anderthalb Jahre bei uns.

  10. 176

    Ein Jahr ist eine lange Zeit.

FSI German Basic Course (1961), Unit 12, Notes on Grammar

E. TIME EXPRESSIONS

Wir wohnen seit vierzehn Tagen hier.
Wir wohnen seit zwei Wochen hier.

Die Philharmoniker geben in acht Tagen hier ein Konzert.
Die Philharmoniker geben in einer Woche hier ein Konzert.

Die Aufführung war sehr lang, neunzig Minuten.
Die Aufführung war sehr lang, anderthalb Stunden.

Wir kommen in vier Wochen wieder zurück.
Wir kommen in einem Monat wieder zurück.

Ich bin nur acht Tage in Frankfurt geblieben.
Ich bin nur eine Woche in Frankfurt geblieben.

Das Konzert fängt in dreissig Minuten an.
Das Konzert fängt in einer halben Stunde an.

Wir waren sechs Monate in Amerika.
Wir waren ein halbes Jahr in Amerika.

Sie sehen sich alle vierzehn Tage.
Sie sehen sich alle zwei Wochen.

Er arbeitet schon achtzehn Monate bei uns.
Er arbeitet schon anderthalb Jahre bei uns.

Zwölf Monate sind eine lange Zeit.
Ein Jahr ist eine lange Zeit.

It is possible to measure time alternatively in large or small units. We speak of "thirty minutes" or of "half an hour", for instance; we may say "four weeks" or "a month". Most of the basic units of time have now been presented in our units, and it will be interesting to note some of the alternatives which Germans use in speaking about a period of time.

Substitution Drill

  1. 177

    I heard that.

  2. 178

    The Meyers left last week.

  1. 179

    The Meyers left last week.

  2. 180

    How did you like the performance?

  3. 181

    Our daughter was seasick.

  1. 182

    I saw you at the opera yesterday.

  2. 183

    We only arrived on the second of March.

  3. 184

    We've been living in a two-family house in the southern part of town for four weeks already.

  1. 185

    We've been living in a two-family house in the southern part of town for four weeks already.

  2. 186

    They've been living in Munich since last summer.

  3. 187

    The Berlin Philharmonic is giving a concert in a week.

  4. 188

    I stayed there a very long time.

  1. 189

    I stayed there a very long time.

  2. 190

    He has been working in Frankfurt for three months already.

  3. 191

    We've been living here for six months already.

  4. 192

    I've only been in Hamburg for two years.

  1. 193

    I've only been in Hamburg for two years.

  2. 194

    I met her recently.

  3. 195

    I've heard that you're a good tennis player.

  1. 196

    I've heard that you're a good tennis player.

  2. 197

    I've only been here for two months.

  3. 198

    Isn't that the Landrat over there?

Variation Drill

  1. 199

    Did you have a pleasant crossing?

  2. 200

    I came home at ten o'clock.

  3. 201

    Have you gotten accustomed to the climate?

  1. 202

    Have you gotten accustomed to the climate?

  2. 203

    I've written three letters today.

  3. 204

    I had to stand in line an hour and a half for my ticket.

  4. 205

    We lived in Berlin for two years.

  1. 206

    We lived in Berlin for two years.

  2. 207

    I haven't seen her since last summer.

  3. 208

    Have you gotten well settled, Mr. Allen?

  4. 209

    Isn't that the 'Landrat' over there?

  1. 210

    Isn't that the 'Landrat' over there?

  2. 211

    We've only been living here for two months.

  3. 212

    We have been living in Bonn for four weeks.

  4. 213

    Do you know by the way that the Berlin Philharmonic is giving a concert here?

  1. 214

    Do you know by the way that the Berlin Philharmonic is giving a concert here?

Conversion Drill

  1. 215

    When are you withdrawing the money?

  2. 216

    He offers her a glass of Moselle wine.

  3. 217

    When are you beginning?

  4. 218

    The secretary places the call.

  5. 219

    She's trying on the brown jacket.

  6. 220

    We can't afford that.

  7. 221

    He's putting on a clean shirt.

  8. 222

    Where does she work?

  9. 223

    I often eat at this restaurant.

  10. 224

    What are you passing on to him?

  11. 225

    She's emigrating to America.

  12. 226

    Are you standing in line for the tickets today?

  1. 227

    I'm applying for a visa.

  2. 228

    I hope he hurries.

  3. 229

    He inquires at the employment office.

  4. 230

    She introduces him to Dr. Becker.

  5. 231

    Are you getting the passports today?

  6. 232

    When are you visiting your daughter?

  7. 233

    Are you paying the rent today?

  8. 234

    How long are you staying in Munich?

  9. 235

    The men carry the crates to the cellar.

  10. 236

    She brings him the picture postcards.

  11. 237

    He spells his name.

  12. 238

    At this filling station I have the tires changed.

  1. 239

    Where are you going today?

  2. 240

    Do you still have to go to the pharmacy?

  3. 241

    When are you arranging your room?

  4. 242

    The sun shines all day.

  5. 243

    When is he going to Germany?

  6. 244

    I hope you find the customs regulations.

  7. 245

    The hairdresser cuts his hair.

  8. 246

    She's looking forward to his visit.

  9. 247

    Are you going down town today?

  10. 248

    She doesn't like the book.

  11. 249

    You're giving him the article, aren't you?

  12. 250

    Can you get used to our climate?

  1. 251

    Does he have the book?

  2. 252

    Is Mrs. Meyer helping you arrange the furniture?

  3. 253

    She's just picking up the shoes.

  4. 254

    I'm processing his application.

  5. 255

    Do you know Mr. Becker?

  6. 256

    The consul general is coming today.

  7. 257

    He changes the money at the bank.

  8. 258

    I'll lend you the book.

  9. 259

    He's just reading the article in the newspaper.

  10. 260

    The identity card is lying on his desk.

  11. 261

    Are you taking the forms along?

  12. 262

    Are you writing the letter today?

  1. 263

    We usually sit at this table.

  2. 264

    He speaks very slowly.

  3. 265

    He always takes great pains.

  4. 266

    I'm glad to do that for you.

  5. 267

    Do you understand him well?

  6. 268

    Where are you studying?

  7. 269

    You're late again!

  8. 270

    He doesn't bother about her.

  9. 271

    Is he washing his hands?

  10. 272

    You're translating this article, aren't you?

  11. 273

    You oversleep almost every day.

  12. 274

    The editor is just conversing with the Landrat.

Vocabulary Drill

  1. 275

    Only after the voyage was she able to eat again properly.

  2. 276

    Have you only been living a week in the two-family house?

  3. 277

    She's not going to the opera until tomorrow.

  4. 278

    He's not going to buy a new car until two years [from now].

  5. 279

    We found a nice apartment only after a month [of looking].

  6. 280

    The busses go every ten minutes here.

  7. 281

    Every three years we visit our relatives in Germany.

  8. 282

    We get a picture postcard from him every few weeks.

  9. 283

    Every three minutes the telephone rang.

  1. 284

    We take a long trip every two years.

  2. 285

    How long have you been married?

  3. 286

    I heard that you have been married since October.

  4. 287

    She's married and has two children now.

  5. 288

    You've been married since last summer, haven't you?

  6. 289

    The boy was seasick.

  7. 290

    How is your boy?

  8. 291

    Did you see my boy there?

  9. 292

    Our oldest boy is attending the university in Bonn.

  1. 293

    Will your oldest boy be going to a German school?

  2. 294

    They worked all day.

  3. 295

    Haven't you received a letter from him all month?

  4. 296

    It rained here the whole week.

  5. 297

    I had to stand in line a whole hour.

  6. 298

    They haven't paid any rent for a whole month.

  7. 299

    He stayed all afternoon.

  8. 300

    I wish you didn't have to work so much!

  9. 301

    I wish you could come along!

  1. 302

    I wish we had seen the performance!

  2. 303

    You shouldn't have been late!

  3. 304

    I wish I'd written you earlier!

  4. 305

    Too bad you missed him!

  5. 306

    I wish he'd gotten ahold of us!

  6. 307

    I'm sorry that your daughter was seasick.

  7. 308

    I'm sorry that we didn't visit Mr. Neumann.

  8. 309

    I'm sorry that you haven't found an apartment yet.

  9. 310

    He's sorry that you didn't get any theater tickets.

  1. 311

    I'm sorry that you haven't settled the school question yet.

  2. 312

    We're sorry that we didn't listen to the news.

  3. 313

    We inquired how his daughter is.

  4. 314

    Find out when the bus leaves (fam pl).

  5. 315

    Find out where the new swimming pool is (fam sg).

  6. 316

    Did you (fam sg) ask where the performance will be?

  7. 317

    Did you (fam pl) inquire whether the Philharmonic is playing here next week?

  8. 318

    Did you get a ticket for me, too?

  9. 319

    I definitely have to get that French novel for him.

  1. 320

    Did you get a newspaper for your sister?

  2. 321

    He got some good cigars for his father.

  3. 322

    I have to go and get a waste-basket for my room too.

Translation Drill 1

  1. 323

    Mr. and Mrs. Jones have gone to Germany with their children.

  2. 324

    On the second of March they arrived in Bremerhaven.

  3. 325

    On the whole they have had a pleasant crossing.

  4. 326

    Unfortunately their little daughter was seasick almost all the time.

  5. 327

    Aside from that the voyage was a real vacation for the others.

  6. 328

    Now they have been living in Munich for two months.

  7. 329

    Mr. Keller and Mr. Allen are conversing.

  8. 330

    Mr. Allen is a consul in the Consulate General in Frankfurt.

  9. 331

    He's gotten very well settled there now.

  10. 332

    Mr. Keller asks him if he still lives in the American Colony.

  11. 333

    Consul Allen says, that he has rented a two-family house.

  12. 334

    His wife, his children and he feel very much at home there.

  13. 335

    They are glad that they're now living in the southern part of town.

Translation Drill 2

  1. 336

    Fortunately they have been able to settle the school question, too.

  2. 337

    Their two boys have been attending a German Realgymnasium for two weeks.

  3. 338

    The little girl has been going to an American kindergarten for four weeks already.

  4. 339

    Mr. Jones and Mr. Bruce were at the opera yesterday.

  5. 340

    They liked the performance very much, and Mr. Jones is glad that he got a season ticket for the theater.

  6. 341

    Mr. Bruce unfortunately had to stand in line for an hour and a half for his ticket.

  7. 342

    He has read in the paper that the Berlin Philharmonic is giving a concert in a week.

  8. 343

    Mr. Jones has heard about it too and would like to know if there are still tickets.

  9. 344

    Mr. Bruce doesn't know that, but he intends to inquire the next day.

  10. 345

    If there still are tickets, he'll get one for Mr. Jones too.

  11. 346

    Mr. Meyer and Mr. König are talking together.

  12. 347

    Mr. König's son is studying at [the university of] Göttingen.

  13. 348

    Last year he returned from America.

Translation Drill 3

  1. 349

    He was able to study there for two years as an exchange student.

  2. 350

    The Meyers' daughter is now living in Munich.

  3. 351

    She was in Norway last year, but since last August she has been married.

  4. 352

    Unfortunately the Meyers only see their daughter every few months.

  5. 353

    Mr. Allen would like to know, whether the 'Landrat' is sitting over there.

  6. 354

    Mr. Jones tells him, that that is an editor and that the 'Landrat' is sitting beside the hostess.

  7. 355

    To the left of the 'Landrat' sits Frau von Rothenburg.

  8. 356

    She's just conversing with Dr. Maler, the director of the board of health.

  9. 357

    Mr. Jones met Frau von Rothenburg recently at a reception at the consul general's.

  10. 358

    Mr. Bruce likes athletics, and Mr. Müller has heard that he is a good tennis player.

  11. 359

    Mr. Müller asks him if he knows that there's a very modern, new swimming pool in the vicinity.

  12. 360

    Mr. Bruce has heard of it and would like to go there with him sometime.

Response Drill 1

  1. 361

    How long has the Jones family been in Germany?

  2. 362

    The Jones family has only been in Germany for two months.

  3. 363

    When did the Joneses arrive in Bremerhaven?

  4. 364

    They arrived in Bremerhaven on March second.

  5. 365

    How was the crossing?

  6. 366

    The crossing was very pleasant overall.

  7. 367

    Wasn't anyone seasick?

  8. 368

    Yes, unfortunately their daughter was seasick almost the entire time.

  9. 369

    How long has Consul Allen been living with his family in a two-family house?

  10. 370

    He and his family have been living in a two-family house for two weeks.

  11. 371

    What part of the city do they live in?

  12. 372

    They live in the southern part of the city.

  13. 373

    Where did they live before?

  14. 374

    They previously lived in the American housing area.

  15. 375

    How did he and his wife solve the problem of their children's schooling?

  16. 376

    Their two sons attend a German academic secondary school, and their little daughter goes to an American kindergarten.

  17. 377

    Where were Mr. Bruce and Mr. Jones yesterday?

  18. 378

    They went to the opera.

  19. 379

    How did they like the performance?

  20. 380

    They liked the performance very much.

  21. 381

    Why did Mr. Bruce have to stand in line for an hour and a half for his ticket?

  22. 382

    Unfortunately, he did not get a theater subscription.

  23. 383

    When will the Berlin Philharmonic give a concert here?

  24. 384

    They will give a concert here in eight days.

  25. 385

    Will Mr. Bruce and Mr. Jones go to the concert?

  26. 386

    Yes, if they can still get tickets.

Response Drill 2

  1. 387

    What does Herrn Meyer's son do?

  2. 388

    He studies in Göttingen.

  3. 389

    Where did he study last year?

  4. 390

    Last year he studied in America as an exchange student.

  5. 391

    How long was he in America?

  6. 392

    He was there for two years.

  7. 393

    Where has Mr. Meyer's daughter been?

  8. 394

    She was in Norway.

  9. 395

    What did she do in Norway?

  10. 396

    She was there as a physical education teacher.

  11. 397

    Where does she live now?

  12. 398

    She lives in Munich now.

  13. 399

    How long has she lived there?

  14. 400

    She has lived there since last summer.

  15. 401

    How often do the Meyers see their daughter?

  16. 402

    Unfortunately, they see her only every few months.

  17. 403

    Who is sitting next to the Landrat?

  18. 404

    The hostess is seated next to the district administrator.

  19. 405

    What is the name of the lady to the left of the district administrator?

  20. 406

    Her name is Frau von Rothenburg.

  21. 407

    Where does she work?

  22. 408

    She works for the Red Cross.

  23. 409

    Where did Herr Allen meet Frau von Rothenburg?

  24. 410

    He met her recently at a reception.

  25. 411

    Who is Mrs. von Rothenburg talking to right now?

  26. 412

    She is talking with Herr Dr. Maler right now.

Response Drill 3

  1. 413

    Who is Herr Dr. Maler?

  2. 414

    He is the head of the public health department.

  3. 415

    Does Mr. Bruce enjoy sports?

  4. 416

    Yes, he is a good tennis player.

  5. 417

    What would Herr Müller like to show Herrn Bruce?

  6. 418

    He would like to show him the new modern swimming pool.

  7. 419

    How long has there been a swimming pool there?

  8. 420

    Only recently.

Bonn, den 15. Mai 1961. Lieber Fritz!

  1. 421

    We have been in Bonn for eight days now and are actually quite comfortable here.

  2. 422

    First we drove to Heidelberg, where we visited friends, and I also wrote you a postcard from there.

  3. 423

    Fortunately, the weather is very nice now.

  4. 424

    It was raining terribly when we arrived in Bremerhaven.

  5. 425

    Our crates, pictures, and rugs have finally arrived, and we have now made ourselves very comfortable.

  6. 426

    Unfortunately, we have to live in the American housing development.

  7. 427

    Die Wohnungen sind sehr schön und gross, - aber es ist eben "Klein-Amerika" und nicht Deutschland.

    The apartments are very nice and spacious, but it is still "Little America," not Germany.

  8. 428

    I do, however, have to speak almost nothing but German at the office.

  9. 429

    I work in the visa section and issue visas.

  10. 430

    It is somewhat more difficult for my wife.

  11. 431

    Naturally, she shops at the commissary and speaks almost nothing but English all day.

  12. 432

    We want to send the children to a German school so that they will learn German well and make German friends.

  13. 433

    We want to get a theater subscription and go to the theater and the opera often.

  14. 434

    In the summer, we plan to take frequent drives in the surrounding area.

  15. 435

    A lot is new to us; once we have settled in a little better here, I will write to you in more detail.

  16. 436

    I hope that you and your entire family are well and that all of you will write to us soon too.

  17. 437

    Please give everyone our warmest regards.

  18. 438

    Best wishes, yours, Bill.

Conversation Practice 1

  1. 439

    Are you going to the concert tonight too?

  2. 440

    No, unfortunately I wasn't able to get any tickets.

  3. 441

    Don't you have a subscription?

  4. 442

    I had one last year. I didn't get one this year because I have to take many business trips.

  5. 443

    Oh yes, Herr Dr. Bergmann told me that you're going to Norway next week. Have you ever been there before?

  6. 444

    No, not yet. I'm already looking forward to this trip.

Conversation Practice 2

  1. 445

    How long have you been here in Munich?

  2. 446

    Since October first.

  3. 447

    Have you found a nice apartment?

  4. 448

    Unfortunately not. We're still living at the hotel.

  5. 449

    Has your furniture arrived yet?

  6. 450

    Not yet, but when they arrive, we absolutely must have an apartment.

Conversation Practice 3

  1. 451

    Are you still living at the hotel, Herr Generalkonsul?

  2. 452

    No, gnädige Frau, we've been living in the American housing development since yesterday. My wife is here now too.

  3. 453

    Did your wife have a pleasant crossing?

  4. 454

    Unfortunately not; she was seasick almost the entire time.

Conversation Practice 4

  1. 455

    Were you at the opera yesterday, Herr Doktor?

  2. 456

    Fine.

  3. 457

    Was the performance good?

  4. 458

    The performance, yes, but not the music! It was a very modern opera.

  5. 459

    Don't you like modern music?

  6. 460

    No.

  7. 461

    Then why did you go to the opera?

  8. 462

    Because I have a theater subscription.

Situations

  1. 463

    At a party Mr. König introduces you to Mr. Jones.

  2. 464

    You ask him how long he has been in Bonn, how he likes the city, whether he has found a nice apartment and whether he has ever been in Germany before.

  3. 465

    Later Mr. Jones asks you who the lady next to the Landrat is; he thinks that he met her last week at a reception at the consul general's.

  4. 466

    Talk with your friend about your universities, where you studied, whether you went in for sports, whether you often go to the theater or the movies, and tell him that the famous Berlin Philharmonic is coming soon.

  5. 467

    Your friend would like to know whether tickets can still be had for the concert.

  6. 468

    You say that you do not know exactly.

  7. 469

    You yourself have a season ticket, but you will be glad to find out whether there are still tickets.

  8. 470

    You are talking with Mr. Becker at the office.

  9. 471

    You were both at the opera yesterday.

  10. 472

    Mr. Becker says he did not like the opera very well.

  11. 473

    He does not like to listen to modern music.

  12. 474

    You say that you liked the opera quite well, but that you too would rather listen to other music.

  13. 475

    Then you ask Mr. Becker whether he also saw the American consul general yesterday.

  14. 476

    You talk about a few other acquaintances and then you go and eat together.

  1. 477

    You have just arrived in Bonn, take a taxi and ride to the hotel.

  2. 478

    There you take a room and then call your colleague, Vice Consul Jones.

  3. 479

    Mr. Jones asks you whether you had a pleasant trip and how your family is.

  4. 480

    You say that your family is coming a little later.

  5. 481

    You want to rent a house first.

  6. 482

    Mr. Jones says that it is very hard to get a house, but that you can move into an apartment in the American housing development for the time being.

  7. 483

    Then Mr. Jones asks whether you want to go to a restaurant with him to eat.

  8. 484

    You say yes, but you want to wash up first and put on another suit.

  9. 485

    You will be at the restaurant in an hour and a half.

The particulars

The course
Foreign Service Institute, German Basic Course, Washington, 1961. Public domain. The teaching pages, the glosses and the narration of lines the tape lacks are ours.
Reading aloud
Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
The app
The course on your phone, with the drills, your place kept and the audio offline.
The book
New Poems, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
Data
JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.