German Basic Course 1732 Studios

German · Unit 9

Unit 9: Eine Fahrt in die Berge

Volume 1

Place: In a Volkswagen on the Autobahn in Southern Germany.

457 lines

Basic Sentences I

  1. 1

    Place: In a Volkswagen on the Autobahn in Southern Germany.

    Ort:place
    Inin Bonn
    einema (dative)
    VolkswagenVolkswagen
    aufin German
    derthe airport
    Autobahnparkway
    inin Bonn
    Süddeutschland.Southern Germany
Volkswagen
the Volkswagen
Süddeutschland
Southern Germany
  1. 2

    Time: A weekend in July.

  2. 3

    Cast of Characters: The American couple, Mr. and Mrs. Wilson, and their German friends, Mr. and Mrs. Becker.

Juli
July
Juli
in July
Freunde
the friend
  1. 4

    I'm looking forward to the Alps.

  2. 5

    I hope we'll be lucky as far as the weather's concerned.

  3. 6

    Today it's not as cold as yesterday.

Alpen
the Alps
Glück
the luck
haben
to be lucky
kalt
cold
wie
not as cold as
  1. 7

    Yes, it's warmer than [it was] all last week.

  2. 8

    I hope it stays that way.

  3. 9

    Place: In a Volkswagen on the Autobahn in Southern Germany.

  4. 10

    Time: A weekend in July.

  5. 11

    Cast of Characters: The American couple, Mr. and Mrs. Wilson, and their German friends, Mr. and Mrs. Becker.

  6. 12

    I'm looking forward to the Alps.

  7. 13

    I hope we'll be lucky as far as the weather's concerned.

  8. 14

    Today it's not as cold as yesterday.

  9. 15

    Yes, it's warmer than [it was] all last week.

  10. 16

    I hope it stays that way.

wärmer
warmer
vorigen
last, previous
so
that way, like that

Basic Sentences II

  1. 17

    The Zugspitze is the highest mountain in Germany, isn't it?

  2. 18

    Yes, it's almost 10 000 feet high.

höchste
highest
fast
almost
Meter
meters
  1. 19

    Do you go to the mountains every summer?

  2. 20

    No, last summer for example we were on the Baltic.

Sommer
every summer
Gebirge
the (range of) mountains
Sommer
last summer
Ostsee
the Baltic Sea
  1. 21

    But in the winter we quite often go to the mountains to ski.

  2. 22

    To the Alps?

  3. 23

    Yes, or to the Black Forest; it's closer for us.

Winter
the winter
öfters
quite often
Skilaufen
the skiing
Skilaufen
for skiing
Schwarzwald
the Black Forest
näher
closer
  1. 24

    My husband and I like to ski too.

  2. 25

    Where we live there's not much snow in the winter, unfortunately.

  3. 26

    The Zugspitze is the highest mountain in Germany, isn't it?

  4. 27

    Yes, it's almost 10 000 feet high.

  5. 28

    Do you go to the mountains every summer?

  6. 29

    No, last summer for example we were on the Baltic.

  7. 30

    But in the winter we quite often go to the mountains to ski.

  8. 31

    To the Alps?

  9. 32

    Yes, or to the Black Forest; it's closer for us.

  10. 33

    My husband and I like to ski too.

  11. 34

    Where we live there's not much snow in the winter, unfortunately.

laufen
to ski
Ski
he skis
Hause
where we live
wenig
little, not much
Schnee
the snow

Basic Sentences III

  1. 35

    What's the climate like in your country anyway?

  2. 36

    I've heard it's hotter in the summertime than [it is] here.

  3. 37

    That's right, and more humid too.

  4. 38

    Do you have much rain?

hörte
I have heard
heisser
hotter
feuchter
more humid
Regen
the rain
Regen
much rain
  1. 39

    No, but the humidity is very high.

  2. 40

    What season is nicest where you live?

  3. 41

    The fall; it's longer and warmer than [it is] here.

  4. 42

    The spring is much too short unfortunately.

  5. 43

    What's the climate like in your country anyway?

  6. 44

    I've heard it's hotter in the summertime than [it is] here.

  7. 45

    That's right, and more humid too.

  8. 46

    Do you have much rain?

  9. 47

    No, but the humidity is very high.

  10. 48

    What season is nicest where you live?

  11. 49

    The fall; it's longer and warmer than [it is] here.

  12. 50

    The spring is much too short unfortunately.

Luftfeuchtigkeit
the humidity (of the air)
schönsten
nicest, most beautiful
Herbst
the fall
länger
longer

Basic Sentences IV

  1. 51

    Now we can go a little faster again.

  2. 52

    There's less traffic here than down in the valley.

schneller
faster
weniger
less
Verkehr
the traffic
Verkehr
less traffic
unten
down
  1. 53

    But it's also cooler up here.

  2. 54

    I'm going to put my coat on; I'm cold.

kühler
cooler
oben
up
Mantel
the overcoat
anziehen
to put on
kalt
I'm cold, chilly
  1. 55

    Aren't you freezing, Mr. Becker?

  2. 56

    No, but I have a heavier sweater on than you, too.

  3. 57

    Now we can go a little faster again.

  4. 58

    There's less traffic here than down in the valley.

  5. 59

    But it's also cooler up here.

  6. 60

    I'm going to put my coat on; I'm cold.

  7. 61

    Aren't you freezing, Mr. Becker?

  8. 62

    No, but I have a heavier sweater on than you, too.

Frieren
to freeze
Pullover
the sweater, pullover
an
he has it on

Basic Sentences V

  1. 63

    A flat!!! That's all we needed!!!

  2. 64

    And it would have to be when there's no gas station nearby, too!

gefehlt
we needed it
ausgerechnet
it would have to be ... !
wenn
when
  1. 65

    All right then, we'll just have to change the tire ourselves.

  2. 66

    Meanwhile I'll take a couple of pictures.

  3. 67

    The view's wonderful from up here.

  4. 68

    Where's the camera?

  5. 69

    In the briefcase, I think.

  6. 70

    A flat!!! That's all we needed!!!

  7. 71

    And it would have to be when there's no gas station nearby, too!

  8. 72

    All right then, we'll just have to change the tire ourselves.

  9. 73

    Meanwhile I'll take a couple of pictures.

  10. 74

    The view's wonderful from up here.

  11. 75

    Where's the camera?

  12. 76

    In the briefcase, I think.

ja
all right then
eben
just, simply
selbst
myself, himself, ourselves etc.
Aufnahmen
the photograph
Aussicht
the view
wunderbar
wonderful

Basic Sentences VI

  1. 77

    Just look at those dark clouds in the sky.

  2. 78

    It's probably going to rain soon.

  3. 79

    I'll turn the radio on.

Wolken
the cloud
Himmel
the sky
regnen
to rain
anstellen
to turn on
  1. 80

    Maybe we can hear the news.

  2. 81

    Now we present the weather report:

Nachrichten
the news
  1. 82

    At noon a severe thunderstorm [is expected] in the Lower Alps; later fair and warmer again.

Mittags
at noon
Gewitter
the thunderstorm
Voralpen
the Lower Alps
später
later
sonnig
sunny, fair
  1. 83

    We'll have to hurry then.

  2. 84

    We were planning to eat lunch in Garmisch.

  3. 85

    Just look at those dark clouds in the sky.

  4. 86

    It's probably going to rain soon.

  5. 87

    I'll turn the radio on.

  6. 88

    Maybe we can hear the news.

  7. 89

    Now we present the weather report:

  8. 90

    At noon a severe thunderstorm [is expected] in the Lower Alps; later fair and warmer again.

  9. 91

    We'll have to hurry then.

  10. 92

    We were planning to eat lunch in Garmisch.

beeilen
to hurry
wollten
we were planning
essen
to eat lunch

Comparison of adjectives and adverbs, 1 of 3

Three degrees

Adjectives and adverbs can state a quality at three degrees.

Es ist nicht so kalt wie gestern states it plainly. Jetzt können wir schneller fahren states a higher degree. Welche Jahreszeit ist am schönsten states the highest.

Gern, lieber and am liebsten are the same three degrees.

Positive, comparative, superlative

The positive is the plain form of an adjective or adverb: schnell. The comparative is the form for a higher degree: schnell-er. The superlative is the form for the highest degree: schnell-st.

The comparative adds the suffix -er to the positive. The superlative adds -st or -est.

English also uses more and most, as in more practical. German uses only the suffixes: praktisch-er, praktisch-st.

Umlaut and the suffix -est

Some words of one syllable also take umlaut in the comparative and superlative: kalt, kält-er, kält-est. Others are alt, gross, hoch, kurz, lang, nah, oft and warm.

The superlative suffix is usually -st. It is -est after s, t or z: heiss-est, kält-est, kürz-est.

After a vowel it may be either one: neu-st or neu-est.

Stem-lengtheners and endings

The comparative and superlative suffixes are not endings. They are stem-lengtheners. A stem-lengthener is a suffix added to a stem, and an ending can follow it.

Before a noun the word also takes an ending. Der höch-st-e Berg has the stem, the stem-lengthener -st- and the ending -e.

Ein schwer-er Wagen has an ending only. Ein schwer-er-er Wagen has a stem-lengthener and then an ending. Unser neu-er Teppich and unser neu-st-er Teppich show the same difference.

Full stem and short stem

In eine teuer-e Lampe, the full stem takes the ending -e.

In eine teur-er-e Lampe, a short stem takes the stem-lengthener -er- and then the ending -e.

So -er can be an ending or a stem-lengthener. Sometimes both are in one word.

  1. 93

    It's not as cold as yesterday.

  2. 94

    Now we can go faster.

  3. 95

    What season is the nicest one?

  4. 96

    kalt - kält-er - kält-est

    cold - cold-er - cold-est

  5. 97

    schnell - schnell-er - schnell-st

    fast - fast-er - fast-est

  6. 98

    schön - schön-er - schön-st

    nice - nice-r - nice-st

  7. 99

    praktisch - praktisch-er - praktisch-st

    practical - more practical - most practical

  8. 100

    umständlich - umständlich-er - umständlich-st

    complicated - more complicated - most complicated

  9. 101

    The Zugspitze is the highest mountain in Germany.

  10. 102

    I have a heavier sweater on.

  11. 103

    Das ist ein schwer-er Wagen.

    (Ending only)

  12. 104

    Das ist ein schwer-er-er Wagen.

    (Stem-lengthener + ending)

  13. 105

    (Ending only)

  14. 106

    Das ist unser neu-st-er Teppich.

    (Stem-lengthener + ending)

  15. 107

    Hier ist eine teuer-e Lampe.

    (Full stem with ending)

  16. 108

    Hier ist eine teur-er-e Lampe.

    (Short stem with stem lengthener + ending)

FSI German Basic Course (1961), Unit 9, Notes on Grammar

A. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

I. Three 'degrees' of intensity

Es ist nicht so kalt wie gestern.
It's not as cold as yesterday.

Jetzt können wir schneller fahren.
Now we can go faster.

Welche Jahreszeit ist am schönsten?
What season is the nicest one?

Three different degrees of intensity are expressed by adjectives and adverbs. We noted this in Unit 4, where the adverbs gern, lieber and am liebsten were discussed. The same difference in degree is shown by a number of adjective and adverb forms occurring in the present unit:
A. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

II. Positive, Comparative and Superlative Forms

kalt - kält-er - kält-est
cold - cold-er - cold-est

schnell - schnell-er - schnell-st
fast - fast-er - fast-est

schön - schön-er - schön-st
nice - nice-r - nice-st

praktisch - praktisch-er - praktisch-st
practical - more practical - most practical

umständlich - umständlich-er - umständlich-st
complicated - more complicated - most complicated

The forms of adjectives and adverbs corresponding to the different degrees of intensity are called POSITIVE, COMPARATIVE and SUPERLATIVE. Note the similarity of German and English forms:

The suffixes -er and -est (or -st) are added to the basic, or positive form of the adjective or adverb to make the comparative and superlative. In addition to this some monosyllabic German adjectives and adverbs change or 'umlaut' their stem vowels in the comparative and superlative forms.

1. Relatively few adjectives and adverbs have umlaut in their comparative and superlative forms, but those which are umlauted are of rather frequent occurrence. Here is a complete list of the adjectives and adverbs encountered up to this point in which umlaut takes place. A few show other irregularities which will be pointed out later. alt gross hoch kurz lang nah oft warm

2. English also uses the words more and most to indicate comparative and superlative degree, especially with words of several syllables. German however, uses ONLY the suffixes:

3. The superlative suffix is usually -st, but it is -est after s (heiss-est), t (kält-est) or z (kürz-est). It may be either -st or -est after vowels (neu-st, neu-est).
A. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

III. Stem-lengtheners versus Endings

Die Zugspitze ist der höch-st-e Berg Deutschlands.
The Zugspitze is the highest mountain in Germany.

Ich habe einen dick-er-en Pullover an.
I have a heavier sweater on.

Das ist ein schwer-er Wagen.
(Ending only)

Das ist ein schwer-er-er Wagen.
(Stem-lengthener + ending)

Das ist unser neu-er Teppich.
(Ending only)

Das ist unser neu-st-er Teppich.
(Stem-lengthener + ending)

Hier ist eine teuer-e Lampe.
(Full stem with ending)

Hier ist eine teur-er-e Lampe.
(Short stem with stem lengthener + ending)

The comparative and superlative suffixes are NOT ENDINGS. They are STEM-LENGTHENERS, to which endings are added when the comparative and superlative forms occur as attributive adjectives, i.e. as part of an adjective-noun or specifier-adjective-noun phrase:

If you remember that STEM-LENGTHENER and ENDING are BOTH present in some phrases you will not be confused by such examples as the following:

Comparison of adjectives and adverbs, 2 of 3

Predicate adjectives and adverbs

A positive or comparative that is a predicate adjective or an adverb has no ending: Dieses Haus ist klein. Dieses Haus ist klein-er.

The superlative uses a special phrase with am: Dieses Haus ist am klein-st-en. Unser Wagen fährt am schnell-st-en. English often uses a phrase with the.

The superlative of most adjectives never occurs as the stem alone. Before a noun it has the regular endings: das klein-st-e Haus.

Irregular comparison

A few adjectives and adverbs form the comparative and superlative in an irregular way. Learn each set of three as it is.

Gut gives besser and best. Viel gives mehr and meist. Gern gives lieber and liebst.

Gross, hoch and nah are also irregular: grösser and grösst, höher and höchst, näher and nächst.

  1. 109

    This house is small.

  2. 110

    This house is smaller.

  3. 111

    Dieses Haus ist am klein-st-en.

    This house is [the] smallest.

  4. 112

    Dieses Haus ist das klein-st-e Haus von allen.

    This is the smallest house of all.

  5. 113

    Our car is going fast.

  6. 114

    Our car is going faster.

  7. 115

    Unser Wagen fährt am schnell-st-en.

    Our car is going [the] fastest.

  8. 116

    gladly - rather - most gladly

  9. 117

    big - bigger - biggest

  10. 118

    good - better - best

  11. 119

    high - higher - highest

  12. 120

    near - nearer - nearest

  13. 121

    much - more - most

FSI German Basic Course (1961), Unit 9, Notes on Grammar

A. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

IV. Predicate Adjectives and Adverbs

Dieses Haus ist klein.
This house is small.

Dieses Haus ist klein-er.
This house is smaller.

Dieses Haus ist am klein-st-en.
This house is [the] smallest.

Dieses Haus ist das klein-st-e Haus von allen.
This is the smallest house of all.

Unser Wagen fährt schnell.
Our car is going fast.

Unser Wagen fährt schnell-er.
Our car is going faster.

Unser Wagen fährt am schnell-st-en.
Our car is going [the] fastest.

Positive and Comparative forms occurring as predicate adjectives or adverbs have no endings. Superlative forms, however, occur in a special predicate phrase:

The superlative of most adjectives never appears in the stem form only. When it is attributive it has the regular adjective endings; when it is a predicate adjective or an adverb it has the special phrase form. Note that English also very often uses a phrase with 'the'.
A. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

V. Irregular Comparison

gern - lieber - liebst
gladly - rather - most gladly

gross - grösser - grösst
big - bigger - biggest

gut - besser - best
good - better - best

hoch - höher - höchst
high - higher - highest

nah - näher - nächst
near - nearer - nearest

viel - mehr - meist
much - more - most

A few adjectives and adverbs are quite irregular in their comparative and superlative formation. The following is a complete list of those encountered up to this point:

Comparison of adjectives and adverbs, 3 of 3

Than and as

A comparative can be followed by a phrase with als, which means than: Der Herbst ist länger und wärmer als hier.

In the negative, nicht so and the positive take a phrase with wie, meaning as: Heute ist es nicht so kalt wie gestern.

The phrase after als or wie has the same case as the phrase it is compared with. In Der Vater ist natürlich älter als sein Sohn, both are nominative.

Same case, same preposition

In Ich trinke lieber diesen Wein als den französischen, both are accusative.

A preposition is repeated after als: Sie kommen schneller mit dem Auto als mit der Strassenbahn in die Stadt.

The highest of a group

A superlative can be followed by a genitive form or by a phrase with in or von.

Die Zugspitze ist der höchste Berg Deutschlands. Deutschlands is genitive. Der Everest ist der höchste Berg in der ganzen Welt.

Von allen Städten Amerikas hat Washington das heisseste und feuchteste Wetter in den Sommermonaten. Here the phrase with von comes first.

  1. 122

    The fall is longer and warmer than [it is] here.

  2. 123

    Today it's not as cold as yesterday.

  3. 124

    There's less traffic here than down in the valley.

  4. 125

    There's not as much traffic here as down in the valley.

  5. 126

    (Both are Nominative forms)

  6. 127

    (Both are Nominative forms)

  7. 128

    (Both are Accusative forms)

  8. 129

    (Preposition mit occurs twice)

  9. 130

    The Zugspitze is the highest mountain in Germany ('Germany's highest mountain').

  10. 131

    Everest is the highest mountain in the whole world.

  11. 132

    Of all the cities in America Washington has the hottest and most humid weather in the summer months.

FSI German Basic Course (1961), Unit 9, Notes on Grammar

A. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

VI.1. The complete comparison

Der Herbst ist länger und wärmer als hier.
The fall is longer and warmer than [it is] here.

Heute ist es nicht so kalt wie gestern.
Today it's not as cold as yesterday.

Hier ist weniger Verkehr als unten im Tal.
There's less traffic here than down in the valley.

Hier ist nicht so viel Verkehr wie unten im Tal.
There's not as much traffic here as down in the valley.

Der Vater ist natürlich älter als sein Sohn.
(Both are Nominative forms)

Der Sohn ist nicht so alt wie sein Vater.
(Both are Nominative forms)

Ich trinke lieber diesen Wein als den französischen.
(Both are Accusative forms)

Sie kommen schneller mit dem Auto als mit der Strassenbahn in die Stadt.
(Preposition mit occurs twice)

1. A complete comparison may contain a comparative form of the adjective or adverb and a phrase introduced by als 'than' or, in the negative, nicht so plus the positive form of the adjective or adverb and a phrase introduced by wie 'as'.

Note that phrases following als and wie have the same case forms as the phrases with which they are being compared and prepositions are repeated:
A. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

VI.2

Die Zugspitze ist der höchste Berg Deutschlands.
The Zugspitze is the highest mountain in Germany ('Germany's highest mountain').

Der Everest ist der höchste Berg in der ganzen Welt.
Everest is the highest mountain in the whole world.

Von allen Städten Amerikas hat Washington das heisseste und feuchteste Wetter in den Sommermonaten.
Of all the cities in America Washington has the hottest and most humid weather in the summer months.

2. A complete comparison may also contain a superlative form plus a genitive form or a phrase introduced by the prepositions in or von:

Quantity adjectives

When viel and wenig have endings

Viel means much or many. Wenig means not much or few. They have endings only in some places.

In the plural they have endings: viele Deutsche, mit wenigen. After a specifier they have endings: die vielen eingebauten Schränke, mit seinem wenigen Geld.

In the singular with no specifier they usually have none: viel Regen, wenig Schnee, nicht viel Zeit.

One fixed expression has an ending: Vielen Dank.

More and less

The comparative forms mehr and weniger never have endings.

They are the same before every noun, singular or plural: mehr Geld, weniger Zeit, mehr Bücher, weniger Tankstellen.

  1. 133

    He knows many Germans but he only talks to a few.

  2. 134

    I like the many built-in cupboards.

  3. 135

    With the little money he has he can't afford a car.

  4. 136

    Do you have much rain?

  5. 137

    Where we live there's not much snow in the winter, unfortunately.

  6. 138

    I don't have much time.

  7. 139

    She certainly has more money than I.

  8. 140

    Does she have less time than the consul?

  9. 141

    We have less traffic here than in town.

  10. 142

    He has more books than I.

  11. 143

    In Germany there are fewer gas stations than in America.

FSI German Basic Course (1961), Unit 9, Notes on Grammar

B. QUANTITY ADJECTIVES

I. Quantity adjectives in German have endings only under certain conditions

Er kennt viele Deutsche, aber er spricht nur mit wenigen.
He knows many Germans but he only talks to a few.

Mir gefallen die vielen eingebauten Schränke.
I like the many built-in cupboards.

Mit seinem wenigen Geld kann er sich kein Auto leisten.
With the little money he has he can't afford a car.

Haben Sie viel Regen?
Do you have much rain?

Bei uns zu Hause gibt es leider wenig Schnee im Winter.
Where we live there's not much snow in the winter, unfortunately.

Ich habe nicht viel Zeit.
I don't have much time.

1. Viel 'much, many' and wenig 'not much, few' have endings when they occur in the plural:

2. Viel and wenig have endings when they occur AFTER A SPECIFIER:

3. Viel and wenig usually DO NOT have endings in the singular when they occur WITHOUT A SPECIFIER:

However, there is one fixed expression where an ending occurs: Vielen Dank.
B. QUANTITY ADJECTIVES

II. Comparative forms of the quantity adjectives do not have endings

Sie hat sicher mehr Geld als ich.
She certainly has more money than I.

Hat sie weniger Zeit als der Konsul?
Does she have less time than the consul?

Wir haben hier weniger Verkehr als in der Stadt.
We have less traffic here than in town.

Er hat mehr Bücher als ich.
He has more books than I.

In Deutschland gibt es weniger Tankstellen als in Amerika.
In Germany there are fewer gas stations than in America.

The comparative forms mehr 'more' and weniger 'less' NEVER have endings:

Verbs. The future phrase, 1 of 2

The future phrase

Dürfen, können, müssen, sollen and wollen combine with an infinitive to make a verb phrase. An auxiliary is a verb that helps make up a verb phrase in this way.

Werden is one more auxiliary. Future time is time that has not yet come. A form of werden and an infinitive refer to future time. This is the future phrase.

Ich werde mir meinen Mantel anziehen. Es wird wahrscheinlich bald regnen.

Future by the present

German can also refer to future time with the present tense, often with a time expression. A time expression is a word or phrase that says when.

In zehn Minuten sind Sie da. Ich fahre nachher dort vorbei.

English can also use the present tense, as in arrives. It uses will with an infinitive, or the -ing form, as often as the present.

  1. 144

    Now we can go a little faster again.

  2. 145

    I'm going to put my coat on.

  3. 146

    We'll just have to change the tire.

  4. 147

    Meanwhile I'll take a couple of pictures.

  5. 148

    It's probably going to rain soon.

  6. 149

    What store are you going to?

  7. 150

    Where does the floor lamp go?

  8. 151

    You'll be there in ten minutes.

  9. 152

    I hope the freight arrives soon.

  10. 153

    I'm driving by there in a little while.

FSI German Basic Course (1961), Unit 9, Notes on Grammar

C. VERBS. THE FUTURE PHRASE.

I

Jetzt können wir wieder etwas schneller fahren.
Now we can go a little faster again.

Ich werde mir meinen Mantel anziehen.
I'm going to put my coat on.

Wir müssen eben den Reifen wechseln.
We'll just have to change the tire.

Inzwischen werde ich ein paar Aufnahmen machen.
Meanwhile I'll take a couple of pictures.

Es wird wahrscheinlich bald regnen.
It's probably going to rain soon.

In Units 2 and 3 we noted that the verbs dürfen, können, müssen, sollen and wollen and the special forms möchte and möchten occur together with an infinitive in German to form a verb phrase. These verbs, which help to make up verb phrases, are called AUXILIARY VERBS. We have now encountered one more such verb. Notice the similarity in the way it is used.

The verb phrase consisting of a form of the auxiliary werden plus an infinitive is used to refer to future time and is known as the FUTURE PHRASE.
C. VERBS. THE FUTURE PHRASE.

II.1. Future time is indicated by other devices in German also

In welches Geschäft gehen Sie?
What store are you going to?

Wo kommt die Stehlampe hin?
Where does the floor lamp go?

In zehn Minuten sind Sie da.
You'll be there in ten minutes.

Hoffentlich kommt das Frachtgut bald an.
I hope the freight arrives soon.

Ich fahre nachher dort vorbei.
I'm driving by there in a little while.

1. The Present Tense form of the verb, often with a time expression:

Note that English also may use a Present Tense form of the verb ('arrives'), but just as frequently uses a phrase consisting of 'will' or "'ll" plus an infinitive, or a phrase with the '-ing' form of the verb.

Verbs. The future phrase, 2 of 2

Sollen and wollen for the future

A verb phrase with sollen or wollen can also refer to future time, often with a time expression. It says something more as well.

Wollen gives the desire, plan or intention of the subject: Wir wollen essen gehen.

Sollen gives the desire, intention or opinion of someone other than the subject: Er soll in zehn Minuten kommen. Someone expects him to come.

In a question, sollen asks what another person wants: Soll ich auflegen.

  1. 154

    I'll just give them a quick call.

  2. 155

    Where shall we put the little table?

  3. 156

    We're planning to go and eat.

  4. 157

    Shall I hang up?

  5. 158

    I'm planning to go to Schwabing.

  6. 159

    He's supposed to be coming in ten minutes.

  7. 160

    How long do you intend to stay?

FSI German Basic Course (1961), Unit 9, Notes on Grammar

C. VERBS. THE FUTURE PHRASE.

II.2

Ich will gleich mal anrufen.
I'll just give them a quick call.

Wo sollen wir den kleinen Tisch hinstellen?
Where shall we put the little table?

Wir wollen essen gehen.
We're planning to go and eat.

Soll ich auflegen?
Shall I hang up?

Ich will nach Schwabing fahren.
I'm planning to go to Schwabing.

Er soll in zehn Minuten kommen.
He's supposed to be coming in ten minutes.

Wie lange wollen Sie bleiben?
How long do you intend to stay?

2. A verb phrase with the auxiliaries sollen or wollen, often with a time expression:

Notice however that although future time is indicated in every case, something else is also implied. The sentences with wollen indicate the desire, plan or intention of the subject. The sentences with sollen express a desire, intention or opinion of someone other than the subject of the sentence, i.e., someone 'wants' or 'expects' the subject to do something, or, in questions, the subject is inquiring about the desire or expectation of another person with regard to his contemplated action.

Specifiers: jeder

Jeder

Jeder means each or every. It is a der-type specifier.

It has the same endings as der, dieser and welcher: Jeder deutsche Photoapparat kostet in Deutschland weniger als in Amerika.

  1. 161

    Every German camera costs less in Germany than in America.

FSI German Basic Course (1961), Unit 9, Notes on Grammar

D. SPECIFIERS: jeder

Jeder deutsche Photoapparat kostet in Deutschland weniger als in Amerika.
Every German camera costs less in Germany than in America.

Jeder 'each, every' should be added to the list of der-type specifiers presented in Unit 3. It has the same endings and functions in the same way as der, dieser and welcher.

Time expressions

Time with a preposition

A noun phrase in a time expression is of one of two kinds. It has a preposition, or it stands alone.

A phrase with an or in has the dative: am nächsten Sonntag, in einer halben Stunde.

A phrase with für has the accusative: für einen Augenblick.

Time without a preposition

A noun phrase that stands alone usually has the accusative: jeden Sommer, letzten Sommer, den ganzen Nachmittag.

Letzten Sommer waren wir an der Ostsee. Ich bin den ganzen Nachmittag in meinem Büro.

The names of the months

The names of the months nearly always have a form of the specifier before them: Der Mai ist immer schön. Wir fahren im August nach Deutschland.

Each month is a der-noun, from der Januar to der Dezember.

  1. 162

    Why don't you come to see us next Sunday?

  2. 163

    In the summer months it's hotter than it is here.

  3. 164

    I have to pick up my wife in half an hour.

  4. 165

    Won't you sit down? Thanks, but only for a minute.

  5. 166

    Do you go to the mountains every summer?

  6. 167

    Last summer we were on the Baltic.

  7. 168

    I'll be in my office all afternoon.

  8. 169

    A weekend in July.

  9. 170

    May is always lovely.

  10. 171

    We're going to Germany in August.

  11. 172

    January - February - March - April - May - June

  12. 173

    July - August - September - October - November - December

FSI German Basic Course (1961), Unit 9, Notes on Grammar

E. TIME EXPRESSIONS

I.1

Kommen Sie doch mal am nächsten Sonntag zu uns!
Why don't you come to see us next Sunday?

In den Sommermonaten ist es heisser als hier.
In the summer months it's hotter than it is here.

Ich muss in einer halben Stunde meine Frau abholen.
I have to pick up my wife in half an hour.

Wollen Sie nicht Platz nehmen? Danke, aber nur für einen Augenblick.
Won't you sit down? Thanks, but only for a minute.

I. Noun phrases in time expressions are of two main types: prepositional phrases and independent noun phrases.

1. Prepositional phrases with an and in have the dative form; prepositional phrases with für have the accusative form:
E. TIME EXPRESSIONS

I.2

Fahren Sie jeden Sommer ins Gebirge?
Do you go to the mountains every summer?

Letzten Sommer waren wir an der Ostsee.
Last summer we were on the Baltic.

Ich bin den ganzen Nachmittag in meinem Büro.
I'll be in my office all afternoon.

2. Independent noun phrases usually have the accusative form:
E. TIME EXPRESSIONS

II

Ein Wochenende im Juli.
A weekend in July.

Der Mai ist immer schön.
May is always lovely.

Wir fahren im August nach Deutschland.
We're going to Germany in August.

der Januar - der Februar - der März - der April - der Mai - der Juni
January - February - March - April - May - June

der Juli - der August - der September - der Oktober - der November - der Dezember
July - August - September - October - November - December

The names of the months are nearly always preceded by a form of the specifier in German. All are der-words.

Here is the complete list:

Substitution Drill

  1. 174

    We have a lot of rain.

  2. 175

    I have only a little money.

  3. 176

    She has more time than I.

  1. 177

    She has more time than I.

  2. 178

    He drinks little beer.

  3. 179

    He has less luggage than I.

  4. 180

    Who does all that money belong to?

  1. 181

    Who does all that money belong to?

  2. 182

    He drinks a lot of beer.

  3. 183

    There's more snow here than where you live.

  4. 184

    It's not as hot here as in Berlin.

  1. 185

    It's not as hot here as in Berlin.

  2. 186

    My father is going to go to Berlin tomorrow.

  3. 187

    I want to put on my jacket.

  4. 188

    We want to put on our coats.

  1. 189

    We want to put on our coats.

  2. 190

    I'm cold.

  3. 191

    Are you too warm?

  4. 192

    We're looking forward to the Alps.

  1. 193

    We're looking forward to the Alps.

  2. 194

    He turns on the radio.

  3. 195

    He's driving faster now.

  4. 196

    This house is the biggest.

  1. 197

    This house is the biggest.

  2. 198

    The fall is the nicest season here.

  3. 199

    It's hotter here than in Berlin.

  4. 200

    Where is it the nicest?

  1. 201

    Where is it the nicest?

  2. 202

    He's buying himself the most expensive suit.

  3. 203

    Your house is bigger than mine.

  1. 204

    That's our cheapest car here in Germany.

  2. 205

    He has a bigger room than his brother.

  3. 206

    He works in the biggest store in the city.

  1. 207

    Those are our nicest shirts.

  2. 208

    We're buying ourselves a bigger lamp.

  3. 209

    Is that your smallest car?

  1. 210

    Is that your smallest car?

  2. 211

    Those are the nicest days.

  3. 212

    I'll take the smaller room.

  1. 213

    I'll take the smaller room.

  2. 214

    Do you know his newest book?

  3. 215

    Here is a picture of the oldest city.

  4. 216

    He works in a nicer library than I.

  1. 217

    He works in a nicer library than I.

  2. 218

    That's the biggest table in this store.

  3. 219

    This city has better restaurants than Bremen.

  4. 220

    I'm going to a better restaurant today.

Variation Drill

  1. 221

    There's not much ('little') snow here in the winter.

  2. 222

    It's not as hot today as yesterday.

  3. 223

    It's warmer here than in the mountains.

  1. 224

    It's warmer here than in the mountains.

  2. 225

    The spring is the nicest [season] where we live.

  3. 226

    Are you familiar with the highest mountain in America?

  1. 227

    Please drive a little faster.

  2. 228

    Do you perhaps have a less expensive coat than the one in the window?

  3. 229

    We buy fewer English [books] than German books.

  1. 230

    We buy fewer English [books] than German books.

  2. 231

    I'm going to take a few pictures now.

  3. 232

    We'll probably go to the Baltic in July.

  4. 233

    He works in his office all day.

  1. 234

    He works in his office all day.

  2. 235

    The Beckers go to the Baltic every summer.

  3. 236

    I'll call you in the [course of the] next few days.

  4. 237

    The spring is much too short here unfortunately.

  1. 238

    The spring is much too short here unfortunately.

  2. 239

    The summer is too warm for me here.

  3. 240

    I'm cold; I'm going to put my coat on.

Conversion Drill

  1. 241

    Up in the mountains it's windier today than down in the valley.

  2. 242

    It's cooler here than in Southern Germany.

  3. 243

    In the summer it's hotter in Washington than in Frankfurt.

  4. 244

    Your typewriter is better than mine.

  5. 245

    There's less traffic here than on the Autobahn.

  6. 246

    I like the white shirt better than the colored one.

  7. 247

    Is the cathedral in Cologne bigger than the one in Frankfurt?

  8. 248

    Do you find this material better than the other one there?

  9. 249

    This newspaper is more interesting than the Frankfurter Allgemeine.

  10. 250

    This letter is at the moment more urgent and more important than your long distance call.

  11. 251

    The material of this blue suit is lighter than that of the grey one.

  12. 252

    We prefer to go by streetcar rather than by bus.

  1. 253

    He wants to buy more of the German wine than of the French.

  2. 254

    Our kitchen is cozier than the living room.

  3. 255

    In the new apartment houses the rents are higher than in the old ones.

  4. 256

    We see the consul's car more often than the ambassador's.

  5. 257

    In this city there are more buses than streetcars.

Vocabulary Drill

  1. 258

    We're looking forward to the Alps.

  2. 259

    He's looking forward to the visit of his parents.

  3. 260

    I'm looking forward to your letter.

  4. 261

    Are you looking forward to [your trip to] Germany?

  5. 262

    My wife is looking forward to (the) skiing in the Black Forest.

  6. 263

    Up in the mountains there's still a lot of snow.

  7. 264

    Down in the valley it's much warmer than here.

  8. 265

    Up here in the mountains it's pretty cool.

  9. 266

    Do you live in the mountains or down in the city?

  1. 267

    He's putting on his warm sweater.

  2. 268

    I'm going to wear my new coat today.

  3. 269

    I think we'll have to put on warm jackets today.

  4. 270

    Are you going to wear your sweater or your jacket?

  5. 271

    Today it's warmer than [it's been] in the last few days.

  6. 272

    It's hotter this year than in the year past.

  7. 273

    Last year I was in the Black Forest.

  8. 274

    Last Sunday he was at our house.

  9. 275

    Today it's not as hot as [it was] last week.

  1. 276

    It's warmer this week-end than last week-end.

  2. 277

    He has a warmer coat on than I.

  3. 278

    What kind of a suit does he have on today?

  4. 279

    You have a handsome sweater on today!

  5. 280

    Is that a new jacket you have on?

  6. 281

    It would have to be today that it rains!

  7. 282

    It would have to be this evening that she wants to come!

  8. 283

    He would have to turn the radio on now!

  9. 284

    The summer clearance sale would have to begin tomorrow!

  1. 285

    Why do I have to be the one you ask!

  2. 286

    Turn the radio on please; we'd like to hear the weather report.

  3. 287

    Shall I turn the radio on now?

  4. 288

    I'll turn on the furnace; it's cold here.

  5. 289

    She turns on the electric range.

  6. 290

    She's just turning on the gas-stove.

  7. 291

    You'll have to hurry; the stores close at six o'clock.

  8. 292

    I hope he hurries!

  9. 293

    Hurry up!

  1. 294

    We're hurrying all right; we can't work much faster.

  2. 295

    When are we eating lunch today?

  3. 296

    Where do you want to eat lunch?

  4. 297

    Do you always eat lunch at this restaurant?

  5. 298

    He usually eats lunch at the Hofbräuhaus.

Translation Drill 1

  1. 299

    Two couples, a German one and an American one, are traveling to Southern Germany in a Volkswagen.

  2. 300

    On the Autobahn there is a lot of traffic and the automobiles are traveling very fast.

  3. 301

    The Wilsons and the Beckers are very fortunate with the weather.

  4. 302

    It is not as cold as in the last [few] days.

  5. 303

    Mrs. Wilson is very much looking forward to the Alps.

  6. 304

    She'd like to see the highest mountain, the Zugspitze.

  7. 305

    The Zugspitze is almost ten thousand feet high.

  8. 306

    Last year the Beckers were on the Baltic in the summer.

  9. 307

    In the winter they quite often travel to the mountains, to the Alps or the Black Forest.

  10. 308

    They like to ski.

  11. 309

    The Wilsons like skiing too.

  12. 310

    Unfortunately, where they live there's but little snow in the winter.

  13. 311

    In the summer it's very hot, and the humidity is very high.

Translation Drill 2

  1. 312

    The fall is the nicest time of year in the Wilsons' (home) country.

  2. 313

    Unfortunately the spring is shorter there than in Germany.

  3. 314

    Mr. Becker is driving a bit faster again now.

  4. 315

    There's not as much traffic up in the mountains as down in the valley.

  5. 316

    It's getting pretty cool, however, and Mr. Wilson wants to put on his coat.

  6. 317

    He's cold.

  7. 318

    Mr. Becker is not freezing.

  8. 319

    He has a warmer sweater on than Mr. Wilson.

  9. 320

    They have a flat tire!

  10. 321

    That was all they needed.

  11. 322

    There's no gas station nearby either.

  12. 323

    The two men change the tire themselves.

  13. 324

    Mrs. Becker looks for the camera.

Translation Drill 3

  1. 325

    It's in the briefcase.

  2. 326

    The view is wonderful, and she'd like to take a couple of pictures.

  3. 327

    They see a lot of dark clouds in the sky.

  4. 328

    It's probably going to rain soon.

  5. 329

    Mr. Becker would like to hear the weather report.

  6. 330

    He turns on the radio.

  7. 331

    He's lucky; the radio [station] is just presenting the news and the weather report.

  8. 332

    In the afternoon sunny and warmer; later, severe thunder storms in the Alps.

  9. 333

    The men hurry very much.

  10. 334

    The Beckers and the Wilsons have planned to eat lunch in Garmisch.

Response Drill 1

  1. 335

    Where are the two couples, the Wilsons and the Beckers, going?

  2. 336

    They are driving to southern Germany.

  3. 337

    On what day and in what month are they traveling?

  4. 338

    They are going on a weekend in July.

  5. 339

    What kind of car are they traveling in?

  6. 340

    They are traveling in a Volkswagen.

  7. 341

    What is the weather like?

  8. 342

    The weather is good. It is not as cold as yesterday and much warmer than it was all last week.

  9. 343

    What is the name of Germany's highest mountain?

  10. 344

    It is called the Zugspitze.

  11. 345

    How high is the Zugspitze?

  12. 346

    The Zugspitze is almost ten thousand feet high.

  13. 347

    Where were the Beckers last summer?

  14. 348

    Last summer the Beckers were at the Baltic Sea.

  15. 349

    When do the Beckers often go to the mountains?

  16. 350

    In winter they often go to the mountains.

  17. 351

    Why do they like to go to the mountains in winter?

  18. 352

    They like to ski.

  19. 353

    Do the Wilsons ski too? Is there a lot of snow where they live in the winter?

  20. 354

    Yes, they also like to ski, but unfortunately there is little snow where they live.

  21. 355

    What is the climate like where the Wilsons come from?

  22. 356

    In the summer months it is very hot and the humidity is high.

  23. 357

    Which season is the longest and most beautiful there?

  24. 358

    Autumn is the longest and most beautiful season there.

  25. 359

    Why can Herr Becker drive faster again now?

  26. 360

    There is less traffic up in the mountains than down in the valley.

Response Drill 2

  1. 361

    Why does Mr. Wilson put on his coat?

  2. 362

    He's cold.

  3. 363

    Is Herr Becker cold, too? What is Herr Becker wearing?

  4. 364

    No, he isn't cold. He is wearing a thick sweater.

  5. 365

    Why do the two gentlemen have to change the tire?

  6. 366

    They have a flat tire, and there is no gas station nearby.

  7. 367

    What is Frau Becker looking for?

  8. 368

    Mrs. Becker looks for the camera.

  9. 369

    Where's the camera?

  10. 370

    It's in the briefcase.

  11. 371

    What does the sky look like?

  12. 372

    There are many dark clouds in the sky.

  13. 373

    Why does Mr. Becker turn on the radio?

  14. 374

    He would like to hear the news.

  15. 375

    What does the weather report say?

  16. 376

    The weather report says: severe thunderstorms in the Alpine foothills at noon, then sunny and warmer again later.

  17. 377

    Where do the Beckers and the Wilsons want to have lunch?

  18. 378

    They want to have lunch in Garmisch.

Narrative I

  1. 379

    Mrs. Meyer takes many pictures during the weekend car trip in July.

  2. 380

    She photographs the dark clouds in the sky, the foothills of the Alps, and the men changing the tire.

  3. 381

    She also takes a picture of the magnificent view; it is much more beautiful than the one in the travel agency brochure.

  4. 382

    Unfortunately, the pictures will later show none of the clouds, mountains, snow, sunshine, or the changing of the tire.

  5. 383

    The camera is broken.

  6. 384

    The pictures will show nothing but 'fog.'

Narrative II

  1. 385

    Consul Thompson will have a vacation in a week.

  2. 386

    He would like to take a trip, but he does not yet know where.

  3. 387

    He has already heard so much about Bavaria, a trip along the Rhine is also supposed to be very beautiful, and he has just received a postcard from his friend, Vice Consul Wilson, who is at a resort on the Baltic Sea.

  4. 388

    Mr. Wilson writes enthusiastically about the area near Lübeck.

  5. 389

    Consul Thompson wants information about various travel options, so he goes to a travel agency and speaks with one of the men there.

  6. 390

    The man gives him many brochures and asks whether he would like to join a group tour or travel in his own car.

  7. 391

    Group tours are the least expensive.

  8. 392

    You pay nothing extra for lodging and meals, and you can see many sights.

  9. 393

    You are more independent with your own car, but naturally you spend much more money.

  10. 394

    Mr. Thompson decides to take a driving trip to southern Germany.

  11. 395

    He will take the autobahn from Frankfurt to Heidelberg.

  12. 396

    At most service areas along the autobahn, you can get something to eat day or night, and at some you can also stay overnight.

  13. 397

    Traffic on the autobahn will be very heavy.

  14. 398

    So after Heidelberg he will continue more slowly on the federal highway and take his time looking at the beautiful countryside.

  15. 399

    He wants to see all the sights in Rothenburg.

  16. 400

    Then he will travel through Augsburg to Munich and finally into the mountains.

Conversation Practice 1

  1. 401

    Which season do you like best?

  2. 402

    Here in Germany, I like spring best. It's much longer than it is back home in America.

  3. 403

    Does it get very warm at home in the summer?

  4. 404

    In any case, much warmer than here. And the humidity is very high.

  5. 405

    And what is winter like where you live?

  6. 406

    We don't usually get as much snow as you do here. Winter in Germany is also much colder than it is back home.

Conversation Practice 2

  1. 407

    Where do you buy your suits, at a clothing store or a department store?

  2. 408

    I usually buy them at a clothing store. They have a wider selection there than at the department store.

  3. 409

    Isn't it much more expensive there?

  4. 410

    Not much, and the quality of the suits is better.

Conversation Practice 3

  1. 411

    I hear you're looking for a new apartment?

  2. 412

    Yes, we need a larger one. Ours is really too small.

  3. 413

    There are several for rent on Schubertstrasse. That's not far from here.

  4. 414

    I'll go there this evening. Hopefully the rent isn't too high.

  5. 415

    I don't think it's much higher than it is here.

Conversation Practice 4

  1. 416

    What can I show you?

  2. 417

    I'd like a sweater.

  3. 418

    Certainly, what size?

  4. 419

    Grösse 42 und in grau, bitte.

    Size 42 and in gray, please.

  5. 420

    Do you like this one?

  6. 421

    Yes, quite nice, but I'd actually prefer a less expensive one. This one is a little too expensive for me.

  7. 422

    I'd be happy to show you some others. This light gray one, for example, is also very good and less expensive than the other one. Would you like to try it on?

  8. 423

    No, the sleeves are too short. I need one with longer sleeves.

  9. 424

    Here's a similar sweater with long sleeves.

  10. 425

    Yes, I like that one.

Situations

  1. 426

    Mr. Wilson tells Mr. Becker he wants to go to the mountains over the weekend.

  2. 427

    He says he likes to ski and he hopes there is plenty of snow in the mountains.

  3. 428

    He would like to take Mr. Becker along.

  4. 429

    Mr. Becker has nothing planned for the weekend.

  5. 430

    Unfortunately he cannot ski, but he would like to come along.

  6. 431

    He asks which car they want to take.

  7. 432

    He has a bigger car than Mr. Wilson.

  8. 433

    Mr. Wilson would rather go in his new Volkswagen, though; it drives better in the mountains than a big car.

  1. 434

    Mr. Müller and Mr. Becker are talking together on the telephone.

  2. 435

    Mr. Müller asks how Mr. Becker is and how he likes it in Frankfurt.

  3. 436

    Mr. Becker says he likes it, but unfortunately the weather is bad.

  4. 437

    It is raining a great deal now.

  5. 438

    Mr. Becker would like to know what the weather is like in southern Germany.

  6. 439

    Mr. Müller says it is warmer than it has been the last few days and he hopes it stays that way.

  7. 440

    Mr. Becker says he has to go to München in three days to the consulate general.

  8. 441

    Mr. Müller would like to see him; Mr. Becker is to visit him then.

  1. 442

    Mr. Becker asks what they want to take along.

  2. 443

    Mr. Wilson wants to buy himself some warm underwear and Mr. Becker needs long, warm socks and a sweater.

  3. 444

    They go to a clothing store together and the salesman asks them what he may show them.

  4. 445

    First they look for a sweater.

  5. 446

    But one is too small, another is too loud, and on another the sleeves are too short.

  6. 447

    Finally Mr. Becker finds a good sweater in a solid color.

  7. 448

    Unfortunately it is rather expensive, but the salesman has nothing more reasonably priced.

  8. 449

    Mr. Becker takes the sweater and pays at the cashier's.

  1. 450

    Mr. Schulze meets Mr. Becker in front of the city hall.

  2. 451

    Mr. Becker says he has to make a good many business trips and he does not get to München often.

  3. 452

    Mr. Schulze asks him where he is staying in München now.

  4. 453

    Mr. Becker says he is staying in a hotel on the Beethovenstrasse.

  5. 454

    Mr. Schulze asks Mr. Becker what he has planned now.

  6. 455

    Mr. Becker still has a few errands to do and then he would like to go and eat.

  7. 456

    He wants to meet Mr. Schulze again in an hour in the parking lot in front of the city hall.

  8. 457

    Mr. Schulze's car is standing there and they want to drive out to Schwabing together and have lunch there.

The particulars

The course
Foreign Service Institute, German Basic Course, Washington, 1961. Public domain. The teaching pages, the glosses and the narration of lines the tape lacks are ours.
Reading aloud
Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
The app
The course on your phone, with the drills, your place kept and the audio offline.
The book
New Poems, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
Data
JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.