Japanese · Lesson 142
Lesson 144
Narration and the written language
School reform, coeducation and electives · Narration 1 of 2
The new school system
*この 新制度 では 学校 系統 が 一本 に され* says that the new system unifies the school system.
Elementary education lasts six years. Secondary education has three years each of junior high and high school. Higher education lasts four years.
*つまり、六三三四制 の 学校 体系 に なった のである* means "In other words, it became a 6-3-3-4 school system."
Compulsory education and choice
*また 義務 教育 年限 は 六年 から 九年 に 延長 され、男女 共学 が 実施 られる 様 に なった* extends compulsory education and introduces coeducation.
High schools adopt *選択 教科 制*. Students can choose subjects for their future plans or individual aptitudes in addition to required subjects.
Kanji: 科
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
Kanji: 適
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 1
がっこうきょういく(さん)ーこんにちのせいど
School Education (3)—The Present System
学校school教育education(三)part threeーdash今日presentのof制度system - 2
せんきゅうひゃくよんじゅうろくねんにがっこうせいどにおおきなへんかくがおこった。
In 1946, a major change took place in the school system.
一one九nine四four六six年yearにin学校school制度systemにin大きなmajor変革changeがsubject起っtook placeた。took place - 3
そのおもなものをみっつあげてみると、このしんせいどではがっこうけいとうがいっぽんにされ、しょとうきょういく(しょうがっこう)ろくねん、ちゅうとうきょういく(ちゅうがっこうさんねん、こうとうがっこうさんねん)ろくねん、こうとうきょういく(だいがく)よねんのみっつのだんかいにまとめられた。
To name three of the main changes, under this new system the school system was unified and organized into three stages: six years of elementary education (elementary school), six years of secondary education (three years of junior high school and three years of high school), and four years of higher education (university).
そのthoseおもなmainものchangesをobject三threeつitemsあげto nameてto name見るto nameと、whenこのthis新new system制度new systemでunderはtopic学校school system系統school systemがsubject一single line本single lineにintoさwas madeれ、was made初等elementary education教育elementary education(小elementary school学校)elementary school六six年、years中等secondary education教育secondary education(中junior high school学校junior high school三three年、years高等high school学校high school三three年)years六six年、years高等higher education教育higher education(大学)university四four年yearsのof三threeつstagesのof段階stagesにintoまとめwas organizedられwas organizedた。was organized - 4
つまり、ろくさんさんしせいのがっこうたいけいになったのである。
In other words, it became a 6-3-3-4 school system.
つまり、in other words六six三three三three四four制systemのof学校school system体系school systemにintoなっbecameたbecameのthe factでisある。is - 5
またぎむきょういくねんげんはろくねんからきゅうねんにえんちょうされ、だんじょきょうがくがじっしられるようになった。
The period of compulsory education was also extended from six years to nine years, and coeducation was introduced.
またalso義務compulsory education教育compulsory education年限termはtopic六six年yearsからfrom九nine年yearsにto延長was extendedさwas extendedれ、was extended男女coeducation共学coeducationがsubject実施was introducedられるwas introduced様came to beにcame to beなっcame to beた。came to be - 6
しんせいこうとうがっこうでは、せんたくきょうかせいというせいどがさいようされ、ひっしゅうかもくのほかにおおくのせんたくかもくがもうけられて、じぶんのしょうらいのしんろにとってひつようなかもくやじぶんのこせいにてきしたかもくがじゆうにえらべるようになった。
At the new high schools, a system of elective subjects was adopted, and many elective subjects were provided in addition to required subjects, so that students could freely choose subjects needed for their future plans or suited to their individual aptitudes.
新制new system高等high school学校high schoolでatは、topic選択elective subject system教科elective subject system制elective subject systemとquote言うcalled制度systemがsubject採用was adoptedさwas adoptedれ、was adopted必修required subjects科目required subjectsのof外additionにin多くmanyのof選択elective subjects科目elective subjectsがsubject設けwere providedられwere providedて、were provided自分oneselfの's将来futureの's進路plansにforとっforてfor必要neededなneeded科目subjectsやor自分oneselfの's個性individual aptitudeにfor適しsuitedたsuited科目subjectsがsubject自由freelyにfreely選べるcan choose様became possibleにbecame possibleなっbecame possibleた。became possible
The New Education System
1 With the enforcement of a new education law in 1947 the school courses were patterned after that of the United States. Under the new education system, the term of compulsory education was extended from 6 to 9 years, that is 6 years in primary schools and 3 years in junior high schools. There is another 3-year course in senior high schools, and a 4-year course in colleges or universities.
In addition to the foregoing, there are 2-year course colleges, whereas medical students at universities are required to complete a 6-year course, as well as further 4-year postgraduate course for doctorate theses.
1 Besides these, there are 5-year course technical institutes that follow the secondary schools. There are at present 291 colleges and universities and 339 junior colleges in Japan (1964).
Primary schools, which number 22,677, and junior high schools, totaling 11,765, are usually coeducational, but some of the junior high schools are not. There are also a few women’s colleges and universities, but all the men’s universities with a few exceptions now admit women students.
1 Due to the extremely high attendance ratio of children of school age, so-called illiteracy is practically nonexistent in Japan. With an aggregate total of 743,000 university students, Japan ranks among the leading nations in the world with regard to higher education facilities.
1 Many foreign students come to Japan each year to study in Japanese universities. Recently, students from many Asian countries are coming to Japan to receive training in industries and in many fields of science and technology.
1 Education for Japanese children is free and compulsory for six years of primary and three years of secondary school. English is widely taught as a secondary language beginning in the seventh grade. School sessions are usually from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. on weekdays and until noon on Saturdays. The school year begins in April and ends in March each year. There is summer vacation in August and winter vacation during the New Year holidays.
1 Admission to the three-year high school is by competitive examination and a nominal tuition is charged. The recently liberalized education system is administered through local school boards and legislatures.
Japanese children study much the same things as American children.- (三)
- three
- 今日
- today
- の
- See Grammar Notes
- 一
- one
- 九
- nine
- 四
- four
- 六
- six
- 年
- year (See Grammar Notes)
- に
- on (See Gram. Notes)
- 大きな
- big, large (See Gram. Notes)
- 変革
- change; reform
- が
- but (See Gram. Notes)
- もの
- things (tangible)
- を
- particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
- と、
- and (See Gram. Notes)
- で
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- は
- leaves
- 本
- numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)
- 段階
- steps; grade; rank
- つまり、
- in short, in another word
- ある。
- certain, some
- また
- thigh
- 年限
- length of time; term
- から
- from (See Gram. Notes)
- 新制
- new system
- 言う
- to say
- 多く
- many of them
- 自分
- self
- 将来
- future; in the future
- 進路
- course; route; way
- な
- I wish, I hope, huh
- や
- and---among others (See Gram. Notes)
- 個性
- individuality; personality
- 自由
- freedom
Clubs, homerooms and student government · Narration 2 of 2
Activities led by students
*生徒会、ホームルーム、クラブ など の 活動 が 重要 視 される 様 に なった* presents student government, homeroom, and clubs as important activities.
Homerooms address daily problems through open discussion. Clubs extend classroom study and develop personal interests and general education.
The work of student government
*生徒会 は 通常、全校 生徒 を もって 構成 されて おり* says that student government normally includes every student in the school.
Its work covers order, discipline, sanitation, beautification, and welfare. It also sets policies for cultural activities and athletic competitions.
Kanji: 構
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
Kanji: 厚
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
Kanji: 向
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
Kanji: 視
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 7
とくべつかていとして、せいとかい、ホームルーム、クラブなどのかつどうがじゅうようしされるようになった。
Activities such as student government, homeroom, and clubs came to be regarded as important parts of the special curriculum.
特別special課程curriculumとasしasて、as生徒students会、governmentホームルーム、homeroomクラブclubsなどsuch asのof活動activitiesがsubject重要regarded as important視regarded as importantさregarded as importantれるregarded as important様came to beにcame to beなっcame to beた。came to be - 8
ホームルームのかつどうはせいとのかつどうがちゅうしんとなってせいとのにちじょうのもんだいがとりあげられる。
Homeroom activities center on the students themselves and deal with problems in their daily lives.
ホームルームhomeroomの's活動activitiesはtopic生徒studentsの's活動activitiesがsubject中心centerとasなっcenter onてcenter on生徒studentsの's日常dailyのof問題problemsがsubject取り上げare addressedられる。are addressed - 9
そしてじゆうなはなしあいによってそのもんだいをかいけつするのである。
The students then solve those problems through open discussion.
そしてthen自由openなopen話し合いdiscussionにthroughよっthroughてthroughそのthose問題problemsをobject解決solveするsolveのthe factでisある。is - 10
クラブかつどうは、きょうかのがくしゅうのはってんとして、またせいとこじんのしゅみやきょうようのこうじょうをめざしておこなわれ、いっしゅうかんいっていのじかんにすくなくともいちじげんをこれにあてる。
Club activities are conducted as an extension of classroom study and with the aim of developing each student’s interests and general education, and at least one class period at a set time each week is devoted to them.
クラブclub活動activitiesは、topic教科classroom subjectsのof学習studyの's発展extensionとasしasて、asまたalso生徒student個人individualの's趣味interestsやand教養general educationの's向上developmentをobjectめざしaiming atてaiming at行なわare conductedれ、are conducted一one week週間one week一定setのof時間timeにat少くat leastともat least一one class period時one class period限one class periodをobjectこれtheseにtoあてる。devote - 11
そして、このじかんがくると、せいとはえいかいわクラブ、ぶつりクラブ、さいほうクラブ、テニスクラブ、やきゅうクラブ、しゃしんクラブなどとじぶんのぞくしているクラブにいく。
When this period comes, the students go to the clubs they belong to, such as the English conversation club, physics club, sewing club, tennis club, baseball club, or photography club.
そして、thenこのthis時間periodがsubject来るcomesと、when生徒studentsはtopic英English conversation会話English conversationクラブ、club物理physicsクラブ、club裁縫sewingクラブ、clubテニスtennisクラブ、club野球baseballクラブ、club写真photographyクラブclubなどsuch asとand自分oneselfの's属belong toしbelong toてbelong toいるbelong toクラブclubにto行く。go - 12
せいとかいはつうじょう、ぜんこうせいとをもってこうせいされており、こうないちつじょ、ふうき、えいせい、びか、こうせいなどのかくぶめんのかつどうをはじめ、クラブをつうじてのぶんかかつどうやうんどうきょうぎのほうしんのけっていなどがそのたいせつなしごとである。
The student government is normally made up of all the students in the school, and its important duties include activities concerning order, discipline, sanitation, beautification, and welfare within the school, as well as deciding policies for cultural activities and athletic competitions conducted through the clubs.
生徒student government会student governmentはtopic通常、normally全校whole school生徒studentsをobjectもっusingてusing構成is made upさis made upれis made upてis made upおり、is made up校内within school秩序、order風紀、discipline衛生、sanitation美化、beautification厚生welfareなどsuch asのof各various aspects部面various aspectsのof活動activitiesをobjectはじめ、includingクラブclubsをobject通じthroughてthroughのof文化cultural活動activitiesやand運動athletic competitions競技athletic competitionsのof方針policiesのof決定decisionsなどsuch asがsubjectそのthose大切importantなimportant仕事dutiesでareある。are
- 課程
- course of study
- と
- and (See Gram. Notes)
- し
- city
- ホームルーム、
- homeroom (See Notes)
- など
- and so forth, etc.
- 活動
- activity
- れる
- to be able to -- (See Grammar Notes)
- 話し合い
- discussion
- 学習
- study; learning
- 個人
- individual
- 教養
- education; culture; refinement
- 時間
- hour, time
- 時
- time
- あてる。
- address; direct
- 物理
- physics
- 裁縫
- sewing
- テニス
- tennis
- 野球
- baseball
- いる
- to need (See Gram. Notes)
- 全校
- whole school
- 校内
- within a school; interclass
- 秩序、
- order; discipline
- 風紀、
- discipline; public morals
- 美化、
- beautification
- 厚生
- public welfare
- はじめ、
- beginning
- 文化
- culture
- 運動
- movement
- 競技
- athletic events; athletic competition
- 方針
- policy
- 決定
- decision; conclusion
Old and new school levels · Questions 1 of 4
School levels in two systems
The prompts place school levels under *新制度*, "New system," and *旧制度*, "Old system."
The levels range from *幼稚園*, "Kindergarten," through *大学*, "University," and *短期大学*, "Junior college." An answer names the matching school level.
- 13
しんせいど
New system
新new system制度new system - 14
きゅうせいど
Old system
旧old system制度old system - 15
ようちえん
Kindergarten
幼稚kindergarten園kindergarten - 16
しょうがっこう
Elementary school
小elementary school学校elementary school - 17
ちゅうがっこう
Junior high school
中junior high school学校junior high school - 18
こうとうがっこう
High school
高等high school学校high school - 19
だいがく
University
大学university - 20
たんきだいがく
Junior college
短期junior college大学junior college
Types of Japanese schools · Questions 2 of 4
Specialized schools and courses
The prompts name medical, national, secondary, specialized, normal, preparatory, and higher-school institutions.
*専門学校* means "Specialized school," and *大学予科* means "University preparatory course." An answer identifies the institution or course.
- 21
(いか)
Medical school
(医科)medical school - 22
こくみんがっこうしょとうか
Primary division of national school
国民national school学校national school初等primary division科primary division - 23
こくみんがっこうこうとうか
Higher division of national school
国民national school学校national school高等higher division科higher division - 24
ちゅうとうがっこう
Secondary school
中等secondary school学校secondary school - 25
せんもんがっこう
Specialized school
専門specialized school学校specialized school - 26
こうとうしはんがっこう
Higher normal school
高等higher normal school師範higher normal school学校higher normal school - 27
だいがくよか
University preparatory course
大学university予科preparatory course - 28
こうとうがっこう
Higher school
高等higher school学校higher school
School reform and education levels · Questions 3 of 4
What changed under the new system
The questions ask when the reform occurred, how the system was organized, and what changed in compulsory education and coeducation.
*義務教育 年限 は どう なりましたか* means "What happened to the period of compulsory education?" An answer states that it increased from six years to nine.
- 29
だいがく
University
大学university - 30
がっこうせいどにおおきなへんかくがおこったのはいつですか。
When did the major change in the school system take place?
学校school system制度school systemにin大きなmajor変革changeがsubject起っtake placeたpastのitはtopicいつwhenですisか。question - 31
このしんせいどでがっこうけいとうはどんなになりましたか。
What did the school system become like under this new system?
このthis新new system制度new systemでunder学校school system系統school systemはtopicどんなwhat kindにlikeなりbecomeましpoliteたpastか。question - 32
しょとうきょういくとは、どんなきょういくですか。
What kind of education is elementary education?
初等elementary education教育elementary educationとquoteは、topicどんなwhat kind of教育educationですisか。question - 33
ちゅうとうきょういくとは、どんなきょういくですか。
What kind of education is secondary education?
中等secondary education教育secondary educationとquoteは、topicどんなwhat kind of教育educationですisか。question - 34
こうとうきょういくとは、どんなきょういくですか。
What kind of education is higher education?
高等higher education教育higher educationとquoteは、topicどんなwhat kind of教育educationですisか。question - 35
ぎむきょういくねんげんはどうなりましたか。
What happened to the period of compulsory education?
義務compulsory education教育compulsory education年限periodはtopicどうwhatなりbecomeましpoliteたpastか。question - 36
だんじょきょうがくはどうですか。
What about coeducation?
男女coeducation共学coeducationはtopicどうwhat aboutですisか。question
- いつ
- when?
- です
- to be (See Gram. Notes)
- か。
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- どんな
- what kind of; what sort of
Clubs and student government · Questions 4 of 4
Purposes and participants
The questions ask what elective subjects, homerooms, clubs, and student government are, what they do, and who takes part.
*生徒会 は だれ に よって 構成 されて いますか* means "Who makes up the student government?" An answer names the people who compose it.
- 37
せんたくきょうかせいというのは、どんなことですか。
What is the elective-subject system?
選択elective-subject system教科elective-subject system制elective-subject systemとquoteいうcalledのthingは、topicどんなwhat kind of事thingですisか。question - 38
とくべつかていとしてどんなものができましたか。
What kinds of activities were established as part of the special curriculum?
特別special curriculum課程special curriculumとasしasてasどんなwhat kinds ofものactivitiesがsubject出来establishedましpoliteたpastか。question - 39
ホームルームのかつどうというのは、どんなことですか。
What are homeroom activities?
ホームルームhomeroomの's活動activitiesとquoteいうcalledのthingは、topicどんなwhat kind of事thingですisか。question - 40
クラブかつどうというのは、どんなことですか。
What are club activities?
クラブclub活動activitiesとquoteいうcalledのthingは、topicどんなwhat kind of事thingですisか。question - 41
クラブかつどうはなにをめざしておこなわれるのですか。
What goals are club activities conducted to achieve?
クラブclub活動activitiesはtopic何whatをobject目ざしaim forてaim for行なわconductedれるconductedのitですisか。question - 42
クラブかつどうではどんなことをしますか。
What kinds of things do students do in club activities?
クラブclub活動activitiesでinはtopicどんなwhat kinds of事thingsをobjectしdoますpoliteか。question - 43
せいとかいはだれによってこうせいされていますか。
Who makes up the student government?
生徒student government会student governmentはtopicだれwhoにbyよっbyてby構成made upさmade upれmade upてmade upいisますisか。question - 44
せいとかいではどんなことをしますか。
What kinds of things does the student government do?
生徒student government会student governmentでinはtopicどんなwhat kinds of事thingsをobjectしdoますpoliteか。question
- は、
- leaves
- ホームルーム
- homeroom (See Notes)
- ます
- trout
- だれ
- who?
- い
- stomach
School reform vocabulary · Word list 1 of 4
Reform and the new system
These words cover school reform, education levels, compulsory education, coeducation, and electives.
*変革* means "change" or "reform." *六三三四制* names the 6-3-3-4 system, and *選択教科制* means "elective subject system."
- 45
へんかく
change; reform
変革change - 46
がっこうけいとう
school system
学校系統school system - 47
しょとうきょういく
elementary education
初等教育elementary education - 48
ちゅうとうきょういく
secondai , education
中等教育secondary education - 49
まとめる
uriu'v; coordinate (v.t'.)
まとめるcoordinate - 50
ろくさんさんしせい
6-3-3-4 system
六三三四制6-3-3-4 system - 51
がっこうたいけい
school system
学校体系school system - 52
えんちょうする
extend; /-'olong (v.t.)
延長するextend - 53
だんじょきょうがく
coeducation
男女共学coeducation - 54
じっしする
bring into operation; take effect (v.t.)
実施するimplement - 55
しんせい
new system
新制new system - 56
せんたくきょうかせい
elective subject system
選択教科制elective-subject system
- 学校系統
- school system
- 初等教育
- elementary education
- 中等教育
- secondai , education
- まとめる
- uriu'v; coordinate (v.t'.)
- 六三三四制
- 6-3-3-4 system
- 学校体系
- school system
- 延長する
- extend; /-'olong (v.t.)
- 男女共学
- coeducation
- 実施する
- bring into operation; take effect (v.t.)
- 選択教科制
- elective subject system
Subjects, curricula and activities · Word list 2 of 4
Subjects and student choices
These words cover subjects, curricula, educational choices, and student activities.
*必修 科目* means "required subject," while *選択 科目* means "elective subject." *ホームルーム* means "homeroom."
- 57
さいようする
adopt; use (v.t.)
採用するadopt - 58
ひっしゅうかもく
required subject
必修科目required subject - 59
せんたくかもく
elect-vo subject
選択科目elective subject - 60
しんろ
course; route; way
進路course - 61
こせい
individuality; personality
個性individuality - 62
じゆうに
freely
自由にfreely - 63
かてい
course; curriculum
課程curriculum - 64
せいとかい
students’ association
生徒会student association - 65
ホームルーム
homeroom (See Notes)
ホームルームhomeroom - 66
かつどう
activity
活動activity - 67
じゅうようしされる
be regarded as important (v.i.)
重要視されるregarded as important - 68
にちじょうの
daily; usual; ordinary
日常のdaily
- 採用する
- adopt; use (v.t.)
- 必修科目
- required subject
- 選択科目
- elect-vo subject
- 自由に
- freely
- 生徒会
- students’ association
- 重要視される
- be regarded as important (v.i.)
- 日常の
- daily; usual; ordinary
Study, discussion and clubs · Word list 3 of 4
Discussion and club time
These words cover discussion, study, personal development, scheduled club time, and school clubs.
*話し合い* means "discussion," and *解決 する* means "solve." *一時限* means "one period."
- 69
とりあげる
take up (v.t.)
取り上げるtake up - 70
はなしあい
discussion
話し合いdiscussion - 71
かいけつする
solve (v.t.)
解決するsolve - 72
がくしゅう
study; learning
学習study - 73
こじん
individual
個人individual - 74
きょうよう
education; culture; refinement
教養education and refinement - 75
めざす
aim at (v.t.)
目ざすaim at - 76
いちじげん
one period
一時限one period - 77
ーーにあてる
allocate; devote (v.t.)
ーーにあてるallocate to - 78
えいかいわクラブ
English conversation club
英会話クラブEnglish conversation club - 79
ぶつり
physics
物理physics - 80
さいほう
sewing
裁縫sewing
- 取り上げる
- take up (v.t.)
- 解決する
- solve (v.t.)
- 目ざす
- aim at (v.t.)
- 一時限
- one period
- ーーにあてる
- allocate; devote (v.t.)
- 英会話クラブ
- English conversation club
School discipline, welfare and sports · Word list 4 of 4
Schoolwide duties
These words cover schoolwide organization, discipline, welfare, cultural activities, and athletic competition.
*全校* means "whole school," and *校内* means "within a school" or "interclass." *運動 競技* means "athletic sports."
- 81
ぜんこう
whole school
全校whole school - 82
こうせいする
compose; organize (v.t.)
構成するorganize - 83
こうない
within a school; interclass
校内within the school - 84
ちつじょ
order; discipline
秩序order and discipline - 85
ふうき
discipline; public morals
風紀discipline and morals - 86
びか
beautification
美化beautification - 87
こうせい
public welfare
厚生public welfare - 88
かくぶめんの
-- of various aspect
各部面のof various aspects - 89
ーーをつうじて
through ---; via --
ーーを通じてthrough - 90
うんどうきょうぎ
athletic sports
運動競技athletic sports - 91
けってい
decision; conclusion
決定decision
Guide for Free Conversation and Exercise
1 Topics:
a Talk about the following topics in Japanese with your classmates,
(1) 6-3-3-4 school system.
(2) Special curriculum--student association, homeroom activity, and club activity.
2 Exercise:
a Interpretation Exercise:
(1) What is meant by 6-3-3-4 school system?
(1) それ は 小学校 が 六年、中学校 が 三年、高等学校 が 三年、大学 が 四年 と いう 意味 です。
(2) Besides the regular curriculum, what kind of special curriculum is given these days?
(2) 生徒会、ホームルーム、クラブ など の 活動 が 重要視 される 様 に なりました。
(3) What sort of activity is a homeroom activity?
(3) それ は 生徒 の 日常 の 問題 を 取り上げて 自由 な 話し合い に よって その 問題 を 解決 する のです。
(4) What is a club activity?
(4) 生徒 は 一週間 一定 の 時間 に 英会話 クラブ、物理 クラブ、裁縫 クラブ、テニス クラブ、野球 クラブ、写真 クラブ など と 自分 の 属 して いる クラブ へ 行って、少くとも 一時限 を それ に あてる のです。
(5) What is the purpose of a club activity?
(5) 生徒 個人 の 趣味 や 教養 の 向上 を 目ざして 行なわれる のです。Homework
1 Study the Narration thoroughly and memorize the vocabulary.
2 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given.
3 Learn to read and write the new Kanji.
4 Read the Cultural Notes.- 構成する
- compose; organize (v.t.)
- 秩序
- order; discipline
- 風紀
- discipline; public morals
- 美化
- beautification
- 各部面の
- -- of various aspect
- ーーを通じて
- through ---; via --
- 運動競技
- athletic sports
The particulars
- The course
- Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours.
- Reading aloud
- Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
- The book
- Botchan, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents