Japanese Basic Course, Lesson 101

Teamwork for winter climbing · Dialogue 1 of 4

Teams for winter climbing

Two speakers discuss teamwork in mountain climbing. *登山は二三人で組を作って行くべきだね* means "Climbers should form a group of two or three people and go."

Winter climbing requires special cooperation. In *冬の登山をやるとなると協力が必要だからなあ*, *となると* means "if you are to undertake" in this line.

What climbers should do

*登山は二三人で組を作って行くべきだね* says the climbers should form a group and go.

*べき* attaches to the dictionary form of a verb and means "should" or "ought to". Here, *行くべきだ* means "should go".

This sentence-final use with *だ* comes from written language. *べき* otherwise belongs to formal speech or speech from a platform.

1
“とざん”（に）
Mountain Cliinbing“ (2)
“opening quote
登山”mountain climbing
（二）part two
2
とざんはにさんにんでくみをつくっていくべきだね。
As for mountain climbing, we should form a group of two or three people and go, shouldn’t we?
3
ええ、チーム・ワークだからね。それだから、なかまのあいだでチームをつくるとか、がっこうともだちでやまがくぶをつくるとかすることはいいことだとおもう。
Yes, because it’s teamwork. That’s why I think it is a good thing to form a team among friends or to form an alpine club among school friends.
4
そりゃそうだろう。
I suppose so.
5
とくにふゆのとざんをやるとなるときょうりょくがひつようだからなあ。
Especially if you are to undertake winter mountain climbing, you have to have cooperation, so----- ,
6
にほんアルプスはあまりたかくはないが、わりにやまがきゅうで、だんがい、ぜっぺきがおおいそうだね。
I understand the Japan Alps are not too high, but the mountains are comparatively steep and there are many cliffs and precipices, is that right?

--TO NARU TO
Following the basic form (dictionary form) of verbs, or KOTO, or nouns, TO NARU TO expresses the meaning of ’’When it comes to----- ", or "If we are to do such-and-such" .

1 Example 1 NIHON E IKU TO NARU TO, IMA KARA JUMBI SHITA HOO GA II NE. "If you are to go to Japan, you had better make preparations now,"

SANJI NO HIKOOKI DE DERU TO NARU TO, SUKOSHI ISOIDA HOO GA II NE. "If you are to leave on the three o’clock plane, you had better hurry a little."

1 Example 3 BOKU WA TABERU KOTO TO NARU TO, DARE NIMO HIKE O TORANAI. "When it comes to eating, I take a back seat to no one,"

SUPOOTSU TO NARU TO, BOKU WA ZENZEN DAME DA NE. ’’When it comes to sports, I don’t know anything."

—BEKI
In the colloquial, the inflected suffix —BEKI, attached to the basic form (dictionary form) of verbs, is used only in formal or platform speech, and then used only in attributive form (followed by a noun). When used at the end of a sentence, with the suffix DA or DESU, it shows the influence of the literary language and therefore, should be regarded as being substantival.

2 Example 1 SORE WA IU BEKI KOTO DE WA NAI. "That is not something that ought to be said."

2 Example 2 KOO IU KOTO WA KODOMO NI HANASU BEKI RIYUU GA NAI. "There is no reason why one should speak of such things as these to children."

2 Example 3 KIMI WA MOTTO BENKYOO SUBEKI DA NE. "You should study more."

2 Example 4 KIMI WA IKU BEKI DA NA. "You ought to go."

1 —GOOME
For climbing Mt. Fuji, there are six popular routes; namely, the GOTEMBA, SUBASHIRI, YOSHIDA, FUNATSU, SHOOJI, and FUJINOMIYA paths. All these paths are divided, from the starting point up to the summit, into ten sections (each of which is called GOO) of unequal distances. At the end of each section there is a station; e.g. the first station (ICHI-GOOME), the second station (NI-GOOME), etc. up to the tenth station (JUU-GOOME). At most of these stations there is a stone signpost and in many cases there is a stone shelter hut. The size of the huts varies, and the accommodations are poor. The charges for lodging and meals differ each year. They are set by the association of the hut operators, with the consent of the authority concerned. Foreign climbers are advised to provide themselves with food and drink as the supplies sold en route may not suit their tastes. The usual precautions for ordinary mountain climbing are also advisable. Japanese straw sandals tied on over the shoes will save the soles from the cinders which make up the greater part of the mountain paths towards the summit. For carrying loads a GOORIKI (mountain guide) may be employed, who can be secured at the starting points of the different routes.

2 JOOSHIN-ETSU KOOGEN
JOOSHIN-ETSU KOOGEN National Park covers an area of 548 square miles stretching over the mountainous region on the borders of Niigata, Gumma, and Nagano Prefectures. In the northeastern corner stand Mt. Tanigawa and Mt. Shigekura with Yubiso, Ooana, and several other spas on their lower eastern slopes.

—DAKE
Some of the mountains around here have the suffix DAKE and some have YAMA or ZAN or SAN.

YARIGADAKE Mt. Yari

HOTAKADAKE Mt. Hotaka

3.3 SHIOMIDAKE Mt. Shiomi

3.4 AKASHIDAKE Mt. Akashi

3.5 KOMAGADAKE Mt. Koma

3.6 KARAKIDAKE Mt. Karaki

NOIIKDRADAKE Mt, Norikura

3.8 SHIRANE YAMA Mt. Shirane

4 Southern Alps
The Southern Alps are composed of the AKASHI Range which rises in the ATSUMI Peninsula, passes to the north of HAMANA Lagoon, and winding between the valleys of the TENRYUU and FUJI Rivers, ends on the shores of Lake SUWA. Of the spurs or clusters of peaks in this range, those that attain an elevation of approximately 10,000 feet above sea level are AKASHI, SHIRANE, KITA, KAI-KOMA, HO-OO, SENJOO, AINO, NOOTORI, etc.

Central Alps
The Central Alps include the KISO Range, which rises in the eastern part of NOBI Plain, extending into Nagano Prefecture, and forms a watershed for the KISO River on the west and the TENRYUU River on the east before terminating at the south end of the Matsumoto Plain. Although the Central Alps are not as high as the Northern and Southern Alps, they are thickly wooded and rich in beautiful landscapes.

6 Northern Alps (Japan Alps National Park)
The Northern Alps is the title given to the HIDA Range, which comprises more than 100 peaks, 40 of which are over 8,000 ft. The range extends for a distance of 98 miles with a breadth of 37 miles and finally descends into the Japan Sea in the precipices of OYASHIRAZU. The most popular peaks with mountaineers are SHIROUMA, OOTENJOO, YARI, HARINOKI, and TATEYAMA. There are about a hundred huts on these peaks and also well-

6, continued constructed paths, some with guideposts. Almost all the mountains in the Northern Alps are included in the Japan Alps National Park, otherwise called CHUUBU SANGAKU National Park.

登山”: mountain climbing
（二）: two
は: leaves
三: three
人: people
で: --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
組: class
を: particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
だ: to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
ね。: isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
ええ、: Yes
から: from (See Gram. Notes)
なかま: friends
の: See Grammar Notes
作る: to raise, to make
と: and (See Gram. Notes)
か、: either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
山: mountain
が: but (See Gram. Notes)
いい: good (See Gram. Notes)
思う。: to think
そう: numerical counter for ships
冬: winter
やる: to do
に: on (See Gram. Notes)
急: steep; sudden
き: counter for airplanes (See Gram. Notes)

Avalanches and mountain rescue · Dialogue 2 of 4

Danger in the winter mountains

The speakers compare summer climbing with winter climbing and variation routes. *けがも多くなるし、そうなんも多い訳だ* says injuries and accidents increase.

Avalanches can overcome climbers. *冬の山のそうなんは救助が大変だね* means "Rescue work for winter mountain accidents is difficult."

People who go to a rescue can also be overcome by disaster. Careless climbers can cause trouble for others.

7
うむ、でもそうぐがよくなったので、なつにのぼるのはわけはなくなった。しかし、ふゆにとざんしたり、ヴァリエーション・ルートをとったり、すると、けがもおおくなるし、そうなんもおおいわけだ。
Yes, but the equipment has improved, and it is easy to climb in the summer. However, when you climb a mountain in the winter, or take a variation route, injuries increase and there will be many accidents.
8
なだれでやられるばあいもあるんだろうな。
There are many occasions when people are overcome by an avalanche, aren’t there?
9
ある、ある。せんきゅうひゃくろくじゅうよねんだったかなあ、がくせいがおおぜいふじさんでやられたのは。よくおぼえてないが、ずいぶんおおぜいなだれでやられたとおもうよ。
Yes, there are. Was it 1964 when many students were overcome by disaster on Mt, Fuji? I don’t remember well, but I think quite a few people were overcome by an avalanche.
10
ふゆのやまのそうなんはきゅうじょがたいへんだね。
Rescue work of winter mountain accidents will be awful, won’t it?
11
まったく。きゅうじょにいったものがやられることもときどきある。
It surely will be. Sometimes those who have gone to the rescue were overcome by disaster.
12
とざんしゃはよほどちゅういしないと、ほかのひとにめいわくをかけるけっかになる。
Unless the mountain climbers are very careful, it results in causing troubles to others.

よく: well, skillfully
夏: summer
しかし、: however, but
登山: mountain climbing
し: city
と、: and (See Gram. Notes)
けが: injury; wound
多く: many of them
だ。: to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
なだれ: avalanche
れる: to be able to -- (See Grammar Notes)
ある: certain, some
な。: I wish, I hope, huh
千: 1,000
九百: 900
六十: 60
四: four
年: year (See Grammar Notes)
か: either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
学生: student (higher sch.)
ずい分: very much
だれ: who?
思う: to think
全く。: truly, entirely
者: person
時々: sometimes, occasionally
よほど: very much, extremely
めいわく: annoyance, bother
結果: result; effect

Climbing experience and mountain access · Dialogue 3 of 4

A former climber

One speaker climbed mountains as a student but does not climb now. The other asks whether he has climbed Mount Fuji.

*今ごろは五合目あたりまでバスが行くんじゃないかなあ* says buses now go to about the fifth station. Few people climb on foot from the base.

Stations on Mount Fuji

*五合目* in the bus line means "the fifth station".

Each path up Mount Fuji has ten sections of unequal length. A station stands at the end of each section.

13
そうだよ。じこのほとんどはとざんしゃのふちゅういがげんいんしている。
That’s right. Almost all of the accidents are caused by the carelessness of mountain climbers,
14
きみはとざんをやるのかね。
Do you do mountain climbing?
15
がくせいじだいにはやったもんだが、いまではやらん。
I surely did during the time when I was a student, but I don’t do it now.
16
ふじさんにのぼったことがあるのかね。
Have you ever climbed Mt. Fuji?
17
がくせいじだいにあるよ。いまごろはごごうめあたりまでバスがいくんじゃないかなあ。ふもとからあるいてのぼるひとはすくないようだ。
I have during the time when I was a student. I wonder if they go as far as to the fifth station by bus these days, it seems that only a few people climb on foot from the foot of the mountain.
18
アルプスにはどんなやまがあるのかね。
What mountains are there in the Alps?

ほとんど: almost (See Gram. Notes)
原因: cause
いる。: to need (See Gram. Notes)
君: suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)
時代: era, period
五: five
あたり: vicinity, neighborhood
まで: as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)
バス: bus
ふもと: foot of a mountain or hill
どんな: what kind of; what sort of

Alps, plateaus and hot springs · Dialogue 4 of 4

Names of mountains

*北アルプスには槍岳、穂高岳* begins a list of mountains in the Northern, Southern and Central Alps.

Some mountain names end in *DAKE*. Others end in *YAMA*, *ZAN* or *SAN*. *槍岳* is *YARIGADAKE*, "Mt. Yari".

A mountain destination

*僕は来年の夏、上信越高原に行くつもりなんだ* says one speaker plans to visit the Joshin-etsu Plateau next summer.

*JOOSHIN-ETSU KOOGEN* National Park covers mountainous land on the borders of Niigata, Gumma and Nagano Prefectures.

19
きたアルプスにはやりがだけ、ほたかだけ、みなみアルプスにはしらねやま、しおみだけ、あかしだけなどたくさんある。ちゅうおうアルプスにはこまがだけ、からきだけなどね。
In the Northern Alps there are YARIGADAKE, HOTAKA-DAKE, and in the Southern Alps there are SHIRANE-YAMA, SHIOMI-DAKE, AKASHI-DAKE, and many others. in the Central Alps there are KOMAGA-DAKE and KARAKI-DAKE.
20
ぼくはらいねんのなつ、じょうしんえつこうげんにいくつもりなんだ。でいきかかえりにちょっとにほんアルプスのほうにいきたいとおもってるんだ。
I am planning to go to JOOSHINETSU Plateau next summer. And either on the way going or on the way returning, I am hoping to go the Japan Alps.
21
そりゃいいかんがえだよ。まつもとからちょっとはいると、のりくらにくる。あのあたりにはおんせんもおおくて、あそびにはよいところだ。
That’s a very good idea, if you go in a little way from Matsumoto, you’ll come o to NCRIKURA. There are many hot springs around there and it’s a good place for pleasure.

北アルプス: North Alps
南アルプス: the Southern Alps (See Cult. Notes)
山、: mountain
など: and so forth, etc.
ある。: certain, some
僕: I (see notes)
夏、: summer
な: I wish, I hope, huh
帰り: return trip (See notes)
ちょっと: a little
てる: to shine (v.i.)
かんがえ: idea, thinking
はいる: to enter, to go in
おんせん: hot spring
よい: good (See Gram. Notes)
所: address, place

When it comes to something · Perception drill

If you are to climb in winter

*冬の登山をやるとなるとチームワークが必要だ* means "If you are to undertake winter mountain climbing, teamwork is necessary."

Here, *となると* follows the dictionary form *やる* and means "if you are to".

When it comes to a subject

*僕はスポーツとなると、あまりきょうみがないのでね* means "When it comes to sports, I have little interest."

*となると* follows a verb dictionary form, *事*, or a noun. It means "if one is to" or "when it comes to".

After *事*, *書く事となるとだめですね* means "When it comes to writing, he is no good."

22
ふゆのとざんをやるとなるとチームワークがひつようだ。
If you are to undertake winter mountain climbing, teamwork is necessary.
23
ふねでさかなつりにいくとなると、あさはやくおきなくちゃならないね。
If we are to go fishing by boat, we have to get up early in the morning, don’t we?
24
ええ、どうしてもろくじごろたたなくちゃならないからね。
Yes, we have to leave around six at the latest.
25
にほんごをべんきょうするとなると、いそがしくなることでしょうね。
If I am to study Japanese, I probably will be busy, don’t you think?
26
ええ、あまりあそぶひまはなくなるね。
Yes, it will become such that you won’t have much time for fooling around.
27
きみ、ときどきフットボールをみにいくのか。
Say, do you go to see a football game once in awhile?
28
いや、いったことはない。ぼくはスポーツとなると、あまりきょうみがないのでね。
No, I have never been to a game. When it comes to sports I have not much interest, you see.
29
やまださんのおくさんはにほんりょうりがおじょうずですね。
Mrs. Yamada is good in Japanese cooking, isn’t she?
30
ええ、にほんりょうりとなると、やまだふじんのみぎにでるひとはあまりいないでしょう。
Yes, when it comes to Japanese cooking, there aren’t very many people who can surpass Mrs. Yamada.
31
スミスさんははなすのはとてもじょうずですが、かくこととなるとだめですね。
Mr. Smith is very good in speaking, but when it comes to writing, he is no good, is he?
32
ええ、ジョンズさんとちょうどはんたいですね。
Yes, he is just exactly the opposite of Mr. Jones isn’t he?

朝: morning
なら: if it is (See Gram. Notes)
六: six
時: time
でしょう: probably (See Gram. Notes)
ひま: leisure time, free
なくなる: to become lost, disappear
君、: suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)
か。: either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
いや、: no
スポーツ: sport
上手: skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)
です: to be (See Gram. Notes)
出る: come out to the phone, go out, come out (vi)
とても: very, indeed
だめ: no good, useless, hopeless

Winter climbing safety · Questions 1 of 3

Peaks in the Southern Alps

*南アルプスでは赤石岳、塩見岳、白根山* names Mount Akaishi, Mount Shiomi and Mount Shirane in the Southern Alps.

The Southern Alps are formed by the *AKASHI* Range. Several peaks in this range reach about 10,000 feet above sea level.

Peaks in the Central Alps

*中央アルプスでは駒岳、空木岳などが有名です* says Mount Koma, Mount Utsugi and other peaks are famous in the Central Alps.

The Central Alps include the *KISO* Range. They are lower than the Northern and Southern Alps and are thickly wooded.

33
とざんはチーム・ワークだから、にさんにんのなかまでチームをつくっていくか、がっこうともだちでやまがくぶをつくっていくべきです。とくにふゆのとざんとなると、きょうりょくがひつようです。なだれでやられるばあいもありますが、じこのほとんどはとざんしゃのふちゅういがげんいんしているのです。ですから、とざんしゃはよほどちゅういしないと、ほかのひとにめいわくをかけるけっかになります。せんきゅうひゃくろくじゅうよねん、ふじとざんでおおぜいのがくせいがなだれでやられて、たくさんのぎせいしゃをだしました。ふゆのやまのそうなんはきゅうじょがたいへんで、きゅうじょに
Since mountain climbing is teamwork, you should either form a team with two or three companions or form a mountaineering club with school friends and go together. Cooperation is especially necessary when it comes to winter mountain climbing. There are cases when people are struck by avalanches, but most accidents are caused by climbers’ carelessness. Therefore, unless climbers are extremely careful, they end up causing trouble for other people. In 1964, many students were struck by an avalanche while climbing Mount Fuji, resulting in many casualties. Rescues after accidents in the winter mountains are very difficult, and
34
いったものがやられることもときどきあります。にほんはこのごろアルプスとざんブームになりました。ことになつやまブームで、なつのとざんしゃだけでろくじゅうまんにんいじょうもあるのです。にほんアルプスはあまりたかくはないが、わりにやまがきゅうで、だんがい、ぜっぺきがおおいので、けがもおおく、そうなんもおおいのです。にほんアルプスはきたアルプス・ちゅうおうアルプス・みなみアルプスとわけられています。きたアルプスではやりがだけ、ほたかだけ、みなみアルプスではあかしだけ、しおみだけ、しらねやま、ちゅうおうアルプスではこまがだけ、からきだけなどがゆうめいです。
people who go to the rescue are sometimes killed too. Japan has recently experienced a boom in climbing the Japanese Alps. Summer mountain climbing is especially popular, with more than 600,000 summer climbers alone. The Japanese Alps are not very high, but the mountains are relatively steep and have many cliffs and precipices, so there are many injuries and accidents. The Japanese Alps are divided into the Northern Alps, Central Alps, and Southern Alps. Mount Yari and Mount Hotaka are famous in the Northern Alps; Mount Akaishi, Mount Shiomi, and Mount Shirane in the Southern Alps; and Mount Koma, Mount Utsugi, and others in the Central Alps.
35
とざんはひとりでいくべきですか。
Should you go mountain climbing alone?
36
ふゆのとざんとなるとなにがひつようですか。
When it comes to winter mountain climbing, what is necessary?
37
じこのほとんどはなにがげんいんしていますか。
What causes most accidents?
38
とざんしゃはよほどちゅういしないと、どんなけっかになりますか。
What will happen if climbers are not extremely careful?
39
とざんしゃはなだれでやられるばあいがありますか。
Are there cases when climbers are struck by avalanches?
40
せんきゅうひゃくろくじゅうよねんのふじとざんで、どんなじこがありましたか。
What kind of accident occurred while climbing Mount Fuji in 1964?
41
ふゆのやまのそうなんはどんなですか。
What are accidents in the winter mountains like?
42
にほんアルプスとざんはどうですか。
What is climbing in the Japanese Alps like?

から、: from (See Gram. Notes)
二: two
です。: to be (See Gram. Notes)
ます: trout
いる: to need (See Gram. Notes)
年、: year (See Grammar Notes)
ブーム: a boom
夏山: summer mountains; summer mountaineering
だけ: only, just (See Grammar Notes)
多く、: many of them
北アルプス・: North Alps
い: stomach
一人: one person

Mountains, crowds and accidents · Questions 2 of 3

The Northern Alps

*北アルプスで有名な山は何ですか* asks "What mountains are famous in the Northern Alps?" An answer names Mount Yari and Mount Hotaka.

The Northern Alps are the *HIDA* Range. It has more than 100 peaks, including 40 over 8,000 feet.

The range extends 98 miles and ends at the Japan Sea. Almost all its mountains belong to the Japan Alps National Park.

43
にほんアルプスのなつのとざんはどうですか。
What is summer mountain climbing in the Japanese Alps like?
44
にほんアルプスのとざんしゃはどのぐらいいますか。
About how many people climb the Japanese Alps?
45
にほんアルプスはどんなやまですか。
What are the Japanese Alps like?
46
にほんアルプスではそうなんがおおいですか。
Are there many accidents in the Japanese Alps?
47
にほんアルプスはいくつにわけられていますか。
How many parts are the Japanese Alps divided into?
48
きたアルプスでゆうめいなやまはなんですか。
What mountains are famous in the Northern Alps?
49
ちゅうおうアルプスでは？
What about in the Central Alps?
50
みなみアルプスでは？
What about in the Southern Alps?
51
ごじごろはコウツウがコンザツしているから、よくきをつけてウンテンしないとキケンです。
Traffic is congested around five o’clock, so it is dangerous unless you drive very carefully.
52
このあいだのしんぶんのキジにやまがくぶのガクセイたちのそうなんのことがでていました。
There was an article in the newspaper the other day about an accident involving students from a mountaineering club.

どの: which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)
ぐらい: about

Climbing risks and rescues · Questions 3 of 3

Guides, care and rescue

These statements give short answers about climbing risks and precautions. *登山には大抵アンナイニンを連れて行きます* means "We usually take a guide along when mountain climbing."

*事故のほとんどは登山者の不注意が原因しています* says climber carelessness causes most accidents. Winter climbing requires cooperation.

*冬の山のそうなんは救助が大変です* means "Rescues after accidents in the winter mountains are very difficult."

53
フジトザンはシュウキョウテキないみがあってノボるひとがおおいです。
Climbing Mount Fuji has religious significance, and many people climb it for that reason.
54
キンネンなつやまがリュウコウしています。
Summer mountain climbing has become popular in recent years.
55
とざんにはたいていアンナイニンをつれていきます。
We usually take a guide along when mountain climbing.
56
じこのほとんどはとざんしゃのふちゅういがげんいんしています。
Most accidents are caused by climbers’ carelessness.
57
ふゆのとざんはきょうりょくがひつようです。
Cooperation is necessary in winter mountain climbing.
58
ふゆのやまのそうなんはきゅうじょがたいへんです。
Rescues after accidents in the winter mountains are very difficult.
59
がくせいがおおぜいふじさんでなだれにやられました。
Many students were struck by an avalanche on Mount Fuji.
60
しけんのけっかがわかりました。
I found out the results of the examination.

ます。: trout

Climbing teamwork and obligations · Word list 1 of 3

Teams and obligations

This word set covers climbing partners, cooperation, obligation and the terrain of the Japan Alps.

*チーム・ワーク* means "teamwork". *---べき* means "should" or "ought to". *急* can mean "steep" or "sudden".

61
いくべきだ
should go
62
---べき
should, ought to (See Gram. Notes)
63
チーム・ワーク
teamwork
64
なかま
friends
65
がっこうともだち
school friends
66
やまがくぶ
alpine club
67
---となると
when it comes to; If you are to do --- (See Gramm. Notes)
68
きょうりょく（する）
cooperation (to cooperate (v.i.))
69
にほんアルプス
Japan Alps
70
きゅう
steep; sudden

行くべきだ: should go
---べき: should, ought to (See Gram. Notes)
チーム・ワーク: teamwork
学校友だち: school friends
山がく部: alpine club
---となると: when it comes to; If you are to do --- (See Gramm. Notes)
協力（する）: cooperation (to cooperate (v.i.))
日本アルプス: Japan Alps

Cliffs, avalanches and rescues · Word list 2 of 3

Accidents and rescue

This word set covers cliffs, injuries, avalanches, rescue and the consequences of climber carelessness.

*なだれ* means "avalanche". *救助（する）* means "rescue" or "to rescue". *不注意* means "carelessness".

71
だんがい
cliff; precipice
72
ぜっぺき
cliff; precipice; bluff
73
バリエーション・ルート
variation route
74
けが
injury; wound
75
なだれ
avalanche
76
きゅうじょ（する）
rescue (to rescue v.t.)
77
やられる
be overcome by disaster
78
めいわくをかける
cause troubles to others
79
けっか
result; effect
80
ふちゅうい
carelessness

だんがい: cliff; precipice
ぜっぺき: cliff; precipice; bluff
バリエーション・ルート: variation route
救助（する）: rescue (to rescue v.t.)
やられる: be beaten; be defeated
めいわくをかける: cause troubles to others
不注意: carelessness

Mountains, stations and victims · Word list 3 of 3

Stations and mountain regions

This word set covers Mount Fuji stations, parts of the Japan Alps, another mountain destination and summer mountaineering.

*五合目* means "the fifth station". *北アルプス* means "North Alps". *上信越高原* means "Joshin-etsu Plateau".

81
がくせいじだい
the time one was a student
82
ごごうめ
the 5th station
83
---ごうめ
station (See Cult. Notes)
84
きたアルプス
North Alps
85
ちゅうおうアルプス
Central Alps
86
じょうしんえつこうげん
Joshin-etsu Plateau (See Cult. Notes)
87
ぎせいしゃ
victims
88
なつやま
summer mountains; summer mountaineering

Guide for Free Conversation

1 Topic Titles:

1a Talk about mountain climbing disaster---the best a way to avoid it, the common cause of disaster, etc.

2 Visual Cues:

2a Look at the maps and pictures on pages 183 to 188 and talk about them.

2b Talk about the Japan Alps.

2b(1) The Northern Alps

2b(2) The Central Alps

2b(3) The Southern Alps

Homework

1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.

2 Study the Grammar Perception Drill,

3 Study the Pattern Practice and do the exercise following each pattern.

4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.

5 Read the Explanatory Notes.

6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given.

学生時代: the time one was a student
五合目: the 5th station
---合目: station (See Cult. Notes)
中央アルプス: Central Alps
上信越高原: Joshin-etsu Plateau (See Cult. Notes)
ぎせい者: victims