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Ancient Greek · The Patrocleia

Ἰλιάδος Ο

Book 15. Fire at the Ships

Zeus wakes and sets things right. Apollo heals Hector, and the Trojans reach the ships. Ajax fights from the decks.

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  1. 1

    But when in flight they had crossed the stakes and trench,

    Metre

    αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · conjunctionsentence particle
    ἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · adverbadverbial to δὲ
    διάthroughδιά · prepositionpreposition
    τεandτε · particlesentence particle
    σκόλοπαςstakesσκόλοψ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶ
    καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating word
    τάφρονtrenchτάφρος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶ
    ἔβησανcrossedβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to δὲ
  2. 2

    fleeing, and many had fallen beneath the Danaans' hands,

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    they halted there beside their chariots and stood fast,

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    pale beneath their fear and panic-stricken; then Zeus woke

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    on the crests of Ida beside golden-throned Hera.

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    He sprang up and stood, and saw the Trojans and Achaeans—

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    the Trojans driven in turmoil, the Argives driving them from behind,

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    and among the Argives lord Poseidon.

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    He saw Hector lying on the plain, his comrades seated

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    around him; grievous gasping held him, and his mind was failing,

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    as he vomited blood, for it was not the feeblest Achaean who had struck him.

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    Seeing him, the father of men and gods took pity,

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    and glaring terribly at Hera from under his brows, he spoke:

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    "Ah, evil-working, incorrigible Hera, your trick

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    has stopped godlike Hector from battle and routed the host.

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    Indeed, I do not know whether once again for this grievous plotting

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    you will be first to reap the fruit, and I shall lash you with blows.

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    Do you not remember when I hung you from on high, and from your two feet

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    hung two anvils, and around your hands drew a bond

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    of gold, unbreakable? You hung in the air among the clouds;

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    you hung, and the gods raged throughout broad Olympus,

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    but standing near they could not free you. Whichever one I caught,

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    I would seize and hurl from the threshold until he reached

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    the earth in a faint. Yet not even so did there leave my heart

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    the ceaseless pain I bore for divine Heracles,

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    whom you, with Boreas the wind, after winning the tempests to your side,

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    sent over the barren sea, plotting evil,

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    and then you swept his son away to well-settled Cos,

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    but I rescued him from there and brought him back again

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    to horse-pasturing Argos, though he had endured many labors.

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    I shall remind you of these things again, so that you cease from deception

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    and see whether love and bed will help you—

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    the bed you shared when you came from among the gods and deceived me."

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    So he spoke, and ox-eyed queenly Hera trembled,

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    and speaking to him, she addressed him with winged words:

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    "Now let Earth know this, and broad Heaven above,

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    and the down-flowing water of Styx, which is the greatest

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    and most terrible oath among the blessed gods,

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    and your sacred head and our own wedded bed,

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    by which I would never swear recklessly:

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    it is not through my will that Poseidon the earth-shaker

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    brings harm to the Trojans and Hector and gives the Achaeans aid,

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    but surely his own heart urges and commands him,

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    for he saw the Achaeans worn down beside the ships and pitied them.

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    Yet I would counsel even him

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    to go the way in which you, dark-clouded one, should lead."

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    So she spoke, and the father of men and gods smiled.

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    And answering her, he addressed her with winged words:

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    "If indeed you, ox-eyed queenly Hera,

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    would sit among the immortals of one mind with me,

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    then Poseidon, even if he strongly wishes otherwise,

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    would swiftly turn his purpose to follow your heart and mine.

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    But if what you say is true and exact,

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    go now among the tribes of gods, and summon here

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    Iris to come, and Apollo famed for his bow,

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    so that she may go among the host of bronze-clad Achaeans

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    and tell lord Poseidon

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    to cease from war and make his way to his own house,

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    and Phoebus Apollo may urge Hector into battle,

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    breathe strength into him again, and make him forget the pains

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    that now wear down his mind; then turn the Achaeans

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    back again, rousing cowardly flight among them,

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    and fleeing, they shall fall among the many-benched ships

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    of Achilles, son of Peleus; and he will raise up his companion

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    Patroclus, whom glorious Hector will kill with his spear

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    before Ilion, after Patroclus has slain vigorous young men—

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    many others, and among them my own son, godlike Sarpedon.

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    Angered over Patroclus, godlike Achilles will kill Hector.

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    From that time onward I shall make a counter-pursuit from the ships

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    continually and without pause, until the Achaeans

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    take steep Ilion through the plans of Athena.

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    Before that, I will neither cease my anger nor allow any other

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    of the immortals to defend the Danaans here

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    until the desire of Peleus' son has been fulfilled,

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    as I first promised him and nodded assent with my head

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    on the day when the goddess Thetis clasped my knees,

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    begging him to honor Achilles, sacker of cities."

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    So he spoke, and the goddess white-armed Hera did not disobey,

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    and went from the mountains of Ida to high Olympus.

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    As when the mind of a man darts, a man who over much

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    land has traveled, and in his shrewd thoughts reflects,

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    "Would I were here, or there," and desires many things,

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    so swiftly in her eagerness queenly Hera flew.

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    She reached steep Olympus and came among the assembled

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    immortal gods in Zeus's house; when they saw her,

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    they all sprang up and offered their cups in greeting.

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    She let the others be, but from fair-cheeked Themis

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    she took a cup, for Themis first came running to meet her,

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    and speaking to her, she addressed her with winged words:

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    "Hera, why have you come? You look distraught.

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    Surely the son of Cronos, your husband, has frightened you."

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    Then the goddess white-armed Hera answered her:

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    "Goddess Themis, do not question me about these things; you yourself know

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    what an overbearing and pitiless spirit he has.

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    But you, begin the fair-shared feast for the gods within the hall;

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    and along with all the immortals you shall hear these things,

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    the evil works Zeus is revealing; nor do I think

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    every heart alike will rejoice, whether among mortals

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    or gods, though someone even now may feast in gladness."

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    So speaking, queenly Hera sat down,

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    and the gods were troubled throughout Zeus's house; but she smiled

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    with her lips, though her forehead above her dark brows did not

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    soften; indignant with them all, she spoke:

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    "Fools are we, who rage against Zeus in our folly!

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    Do we still mean to draw near and try to stop him

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    by word or force? But he sits apart and does not care

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    or heed us, for he says that among the immortal gods

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    he is far the best in strength and might.

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    So endure whatever evil he may send to each one of you.

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    Already now I expect that woe has come to Ares,

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    for his son has perished in battle, dearest to him of men,

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    Ascalaphus, whom mighty Ares claims as his own."

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    So she spoke; but Ares struck both sturdy thighs

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    with hands outstretched, and lamenting he spoke:

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    "Do not now be angry with me, you who hold homes on Olympus,

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    if I go to the Achaeans' ships to avenge my son's murder,

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    even if it is my fate, struck by Zeus's thunderbolt,

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    to lie among the corpses, together amid blood and dust."

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    So he spoke, and ordered Terror and Rout to yoke the horses,

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    while he himself put on his all-shining armor.

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    Then another anger and wrath, still greater and more grievous,

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    would have arisen from Zeus against the immortals,

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    had Athena not greatly feared for all the gods

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    and sprung out through the doorway, leaving the throne where she sat.

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    From his head she took the helmet, and the shield from his shoulders,

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    and took the spear from his strong hand and set it down,

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    the bronze weapon; then with words she rebuked furious Ares:

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    "Madman, witless in mind, you are ruined! Surely in vain

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    you have ears to hear; your mind and shame are lost.

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    Do you not hear what the goddess white-armed Hera says,

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    who has now come straight from Olympian Zeus?

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    Or do you wish, after suffering many evils yourself,

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    to return to Olympus under compulsion, grief-stricken though you are,

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    and sow great evil for all the rest of us?

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    For at once he will leave the high-hearted Trojans and Achaeans

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    and come to throw us into turmoil on Olympus,

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    and seize us one after another, guilty and guiltless alike.

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    Therefore now I command you to let go your anger for your son.

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    Already someone better than he in might and strength of hand

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    has been killed, or will be killed hereafter; and it is hard

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    to save the lineage and offspring of every man."

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    So speaking, she seated furious Ares upon his throne.

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    Then Hera called Apollo outside the house,

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    and Iris, who is messenger among the immortal gods,

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    and speaking, she addressed them with winged words:

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    "Zeus bids you two go to Ida as quickly as possible;

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    and when you have come and looked upon the face of Zeus,

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    do whatever he may urge and command."

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    So speaking, queenly Hera went back again

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    and sat upon her throne; the two sprang up and flew.

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    They reached many-springed Ida, mother of wild beasts,

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    and found the wide-thundering son of Cronos upon highest Gargaron,

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    seated; around him a fragrant cloud was wreathed.

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    The two came before Zeus the cloud-gatherer

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    and stood; when he saw them, he was not angered in his heart,

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    because they had swiftly obeyed the words of his dear wife.

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    First he addressed Iris with winged words:

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    "Go now, swift Iris, and tell lord Poseidon

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    all these things, and do not be a false messenger.

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    Command him to cease from battle and war

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    to go among the tribes of gods or into the shining sea.

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    But if he will not obey my words, but disregards them,

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    then let him consider well in mind and spirit

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    lest, strong though he is, he dare, when I come against him,

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    to stand his ground, since I declare myself far stronger than he in might

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    and earlier born; yet his dear heart does not shrink

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    from claiming equality with me, whom all the others dread."

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    So he spoke, and wind-footed swift Iris did not disobey,

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    but went down from the mountains of Ida to sacred Ilion.

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    As when from the clouds a flake of snow or hail flies,

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    cold beneath the blast of sky-born Boreas,

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    so swiftly in her eagerness swift Iris flew,

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    and standing close beside him, addressed the famed shaker of earth:

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    "Earth-holder, dark-haired god, I have come here bearing

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    a message for you from aegis-bearing Zeus.

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    He commanded you to cease from battle and war

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    to go among the tribes of gods or into the shining sea.

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    But if you will not obey his words, but disregard them,

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    he threatened that he himself, to fight you face to face,

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    would come here; and he urges you to stay out of reach

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    of his hands, since he declares himself far stronger than you in might

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    and earlier born; yet your dear heart does not shrink

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    from claiming equality with him, whom all the others dread."

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    Then, deeply angered, the famed shaker of earth addressed her:

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    "Ah, though he is noble, he has spoken arrogantly

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    if he will hold me back by force against my will, though I share his honor.

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    For we are three brothers born from Cronos, whom Rhea bore:

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    Zeus and I, and third Hades, lord of those below.

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    All things were divided three ways, and each received his share of honor.

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    I received the gray sea as my home forever,

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    when the lots were shaken; Hades received the misty darkness,

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    and Zeus received the broad heaven amid bright air and clouds;

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    but earth is still common to us all, and high Olympus.

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    Therefore I will not live at all by Zeus's designs; but at his ease,

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    and strong though he is, let him remain within his third portion.

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    And let him not try to frighten me with his hands as though I were a coward;

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    it would be better for him to assail his daughters and sons

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    with terrible words, those whom he himself begot,

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    who will hear and obey when he urges them, even under compulsion."

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    Then wind-footed swift Iris answered him:

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    "Is it really so, earth-holder, dark-haired god—

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    am I to carry this harsh and mighty word from you to Zeus,

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    or will you turn? The hearts of noble men can turn.

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    You know how the Erinyes always attend upon the elder."

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    Then Poseidon the earth-shaker addressed her in turn:

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    "Goddess Iris, this word you have spoken is wholly fitting;

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    and it is a good thing when a messenger knows what is right.

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    But this dread grief reaches my heart and spirit:

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    whenever one has an equal portion and the same allotted fate,

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    he wishes to rebuke that man with words that stir anger.

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    Yet for now, indignant though I am, I will yield.

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    But I will tell you another thing, and make this threat from my heart:

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    if, without my consent and Athena's, driver of spoil,

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    and Hera's, Hermes', and lord Hephaestus',

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    he spares steep Ilion and will not be willing

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    to sack it and give great victory to the Argives,

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    let him know this: there will be wrath between us past all healing."

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    So speaking, the Earth-shaker left the Achaean host,

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    and plunged into the sea; the Achaean heroes longed for him.

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    Then cloud-gathering Zeus addressed Apollo:

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    "Go now, dear Phoebus, after bronze-helmed Hector.

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    For now the earth-holding Earth-shaker

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    has gone into the shining sea, avoiding our steep wrath;

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    otherwise the other gods too would surely learn of the battle,

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    those gods below who dwell around Cronos.

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    But this proved far better both for me and for himself:

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    that he felt shame and yielded beforehand

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    to my hands, since the matter would not have ended without sweat.

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    But take in your hands the tasselled aegis,

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    and shake it fiercely to put the Achaean heroes to flight.

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    And let glorious Hector be your own care, far-shooting one;

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    rouse great might in him until the Achaeans

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    flee and reach their ships and the Hellespont.

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    From there I myself shall devise both deed and word,

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    so that the Achaeans may breathe again from their toil."

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    So he spoke, and Apollo did not disobey his father.

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    He went down from the mountains of Ida like a hawk,

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    the swift dove-killer, the fastest of flying creatures.

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    He found the son of wise Priam, godlike Hector,

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    sitting, no longer lying down, newly gathering his spirit,

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    and recognizing the comrades around him; his gasping and sweat

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    ceased, for the purpose of aegis-bearing Zeus had roused him.

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    Standing close beside him, Apollo the far-worker spoke:

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    "Hector, son of Priam, why do you sit apart from the others,

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    faint with weakness? Has some trouble come upon you?"

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    Then Hector of the flashing helm, weak and failing, answered:

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    "Who are you, best of the gods, who question me face to face?

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    Have you not heard that by the sterns of the Achaeans' ships,

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    as I slew his comrades, Ajax, good at the war-cry, struck me

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    in the chest with a stone and stopped my furious valor?

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    I thought indeed that I would reach the dead and the house of Hades

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    on that very day, when I felt my own heart failing."

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    Then lord Apollo the far-worker addressed him in turn:

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    "Take heart now; the son of Cronos has sent you such a helper

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    from Ida to stand beside you and defend you:

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    Phoebus Apollo of the golden sword, who even before

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    protected both you yourself and the steep citadel alike.

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    Come now, urge the many horsemen

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    to drive their swift horses against the hollow ships.

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    I shall go before the horses and smooth

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    the whole road, and I shall turn the Achaean heroes."

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    So speaking, he breathed great might into the shepherd of the people.

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    As when a stabled horse, fed his fill at the manger,

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    breaks his tether and runs exulting over the plain,

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    accustomed to bathe in a fair-flowing river,

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    glorying; he holds his head high, and his mane

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    streams about his shoulders; trusting in his splendor,

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    his knees bear him swiftly to the haunts and pasture of mares—

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    so Hector plied his swift feet and knees,

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    urging on the horsemen, once he had heard the god's voice.

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    As when upon a horned stag or a wild goat

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    dogs and country hunters rush,

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    a sheer rock and shadowy wood save it,

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    and it is not fated that they should catch it;

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    then at their shouting a well-maned lion appears

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    in the road, and swiftly turns them all away, however eager.

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    So while the Danaans still followed always in a mass,

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    stabbing with swords and double-pointed spears

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    once they saw Hector striding through the ranks of men,

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    they were afraid, and every man's spirit fell beside his feet.

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    Then Thoas, son of Andraemon, addressed them,

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    far the best of the Aetolians, skilled with the javelin

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    and good in close combat; in council few Achaeans

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    surpassed him whenever young men contended over counsel;

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    with good will toward them, he addressed them and spoke:

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    Ah me, truly a great wonder this my eyes behold,

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    how once again he has risen, escaping the fates of death—

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    Hector! Surely the heart of every man expected him

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    to die beneath the hands of Telamonian Ajax.

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    But once again some god has drawn him away and saved

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    Hector, who has loosed the knees of many Danaans,

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    as I think he will now again; for not without

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    loud-thundering Zeus does he stand in the front, so eager for battle.

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    Come, then, let all of us obey as I shall say:

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    let us order the mass of men to return toward the ships;

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    but we ourselves, all who boast we are best in the army,

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    let us stand, and see if we may first hold him by meeting him

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    with spears held high; for all his fury, I think

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    his heart will fear to plunge into the throng of Danaans.

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    So he spoke, and they listened closely and obeyed him.

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    Those around Ajax and lord Idomeneus,

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    Teucer and Meriones and Meges, equal to Ares,

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    marshaled the fight after calling the best men

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    to face Hector and the Trojans; but behind them

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    the mass of men returned toward the ships of the Achaeans.

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    The Trojans struck forward in a mass, and Hector led them,

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    striding long; before him went Phoebus Apollo,

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    his shoulders clothed in cloud, and he held the furious aegis,

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    terrible, fringed all around, and splendid, which the smith

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    Hephaestus gave Zeus to bear for the rout of men.

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    Holding it in his hands, Apollo led the troops.

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    The Argives stood their ground in a mass, and a sharp cry rose

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    from both sides, while arrows leapt from the bowstrings;

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    and many spears flew from the hands of daring men.

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    Some lodged in the flesh of young men skilled in war,

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    and many, midway before they could graze white flesh,

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    and stood in the earth, longing to glut themselves on flesh.

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    So long as Phoebus Apollo held the aegis still in his hands,

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    the weapons struck both sides, and the people fell.

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    But when he looked straight into the faces of the swift-horsed Danaans

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    and shook it, then himself cried out very loud, their hearts

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    he bewitched within their breasts, and they forgot their furious valor.

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    As when two wild beasts drive a herd of cattle or a great flock

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    of sheep in the dead of black night,

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    coming suddenly when the herdsman is not there,

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    so the Achaeans fled without strength; for Apollo

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    sent panic among them and gave glory to the Trojans and Hector.

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    There man slew man as the battle scattered.

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    Hector killed Stichius and Arcesilaus,

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    the one a leader of the bronze-clad Boeotians,

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    the other a trusted companion of great-hearted Menestheus;

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    and Aeneas killed and stripped Medon and Iasus.

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    Now Medon was the bastard son of noble Oileus

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    and brother of Ajax; but he dwelt

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    in Phylace, away from his fatherland, after killing a man,

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    a kinsman of his stepmother Eriopis, whom Oileus had as wife;

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    Iasus, in turn, had become a leader of the Athenians,

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    and was called the son of Sphelus, son of Bucolus.

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    Polydamas killed Mecisteus, and Polites Echion

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    in the first onset, while godlike Agenor killed Clonius.

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    Paris struck Deiochus from behind in the lowest part of the shoulder

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    as he fled among the foremost fighters, and drove the bronze straight through.

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    While they stripped the armor from these men, the Achaeans

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    struck against the dug trench and its stakes

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    and fled this way and that, forced to pass within the wall.

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    Then Hector called to the Trojans with a far-carrying shout:

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    Rush upon the ships, and leave the blood-stained spoils!

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    Whomever I see apart from the ships, off on the other side,

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    there I shall devise his death; nor shall his

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    brothers and sisters allot him fire when he is dead,

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    but dogs shall drag him before our city.

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    So speaking, he brought the whip down across the horses’ shoulders,

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    calling to the Trojans along their ranks; and together with him

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    they all shouted and drove their chariot-drawing horses

  355. 355

    amid a wondrous din. Before them Phoebus Apollo

  356. 356

    easily broke down with his feet the banks of the deep trench

  357. 357

    and cast them into its middle, bridging a path

  358. 358

    long and broad, as far as the cast of a spear

  359. 359

    when a man throws while testing his strength.

  360. 360

    Along it they poured forward in ranks, and before them Apollo

  361. 361

    held the honored aegis; then he toppled the Achaeans’ wall

  362. 362

    very easily, as when a child beside the sea makes sand

  363. 363

    toys, once he has fashioned them in childish play,

  364. 364

    and then scatters them again with hands and feet as he plays.

  365. 365

    So you, archer Phoebus, the Argives’ great toil and misery

  366. 366

    brought all to ruin, and stirred panic flight among them.

  367. 367

    So they halted beside the ships and held their ground,

  368. 368

    calling to one another and to all the gods,

  369. 369

    each lifting his hands and praying aloud.

  370. 370

    And Nestor above all, the Gerenian bulwark of the Achaeans,

  371. 371

    prayed, reaching his hand toward the starry sky:

  372. 372

    "Father Zeus, if ever anyone in wheat-rich Argos

  373. 373

    burned rich thigh pieces of an ox or a sheep for you

  374. 374

    and prayed to return home, and you promised and bowed assent,

  375. 375

    remember these things, Olympian, and ward off the pitiless day;

  376. 376

    do not let the Trojans crush the Achaeans so."

  377. 377

    So he spoke in prayer, and Zeus the counselor thundered loud,

  378. 378

    hearing the prayers of the old son of Neleus.

  379. 379

    When the Trojans heard the thunder of aegis-bearing Zeus,

  380. 380

    they sprang still harder upon the Argives and remembered battle.

  381. 381

    As a great wave of the broad-pathed sea

  382. 382

    will sweep down over a ship's bulwarks when it is driven

  383. 383

    by the wind's force, for that above all swells the waves,

  384. 384

    so the Trojans swept over the wall with a great cry,

  385. 385

    drove their horses in, and fought beside the sterns

  386. 386

    hand to hand with double-pointed spears, some from their chariots,

  387. 387

    the others mounted high upon the black ships

  388. 388

    with long pikes that lay ready for them aboard,

  389. 389

    weapons for sea-fighting, well-jointed and sheathed at the tip in bronze.

  390. 390

    Now Patroclus, as long as Achaeans and Trojans

  391. 391

    fought around the wall outside the swift ships,

  392. 392

    all that while sat in the hut of manly Eurypylus

  393. 393

    and cheered him with talk, while on his grievous wound

  394. 394

    he spread healing drugs against the dark pains.

  395. 395

    But when he saw the Trojans rushing upon the wall,

  396. 396

    and a cry and rout arose among the Danaans,

  397. 397

    then he groaned aloud and struck both his thighs

  398. 398

    with hands outstretched, and lamenting he spoke:

  399. 399

    "Eurypylus, though you are in need, I can no longer

  400. 400

    remain here beside you; a great struggle has now arisen.

  401. 401

    Let an attendant tend you, while I

  402. 402

    hurry to Achilles, to urge him on to war.

  403. 403

    Who knows whether, with a god's aid, I may stir his spirit

  404. 404

    by persuasion? A companion's urging is a good thing."

  405. 405

    So he spoke, and his feet bore him away; but the Achaeans

  406. 406

    stood firm against the oncoming Trojans, yet could not

  407. 407

    drive them back from the ships, though the Trojans were fewer;

  408. 408

    nor could the Trojans ever break the Danaans' battle lines

  409. 409

    and mingle among their huts and ships.

  410. 410

    But as a carpenter's line straightens a ship's timber

  411. 411

    in the hands of a skilled carpenter, one who

  412. 412

    knows every craft well through Athena's teachings,

  413. 413

    so evenly for them were battle and war stretched taut,

  414. 414

    while different men fought around different ships.

  415. 415

    But Hector went straight against glorious Ajax.

  416. 416

    The two labored over a single ship, and neither could

  417. 417

    Hector drive Ajax off and burn the ship with fire,

  418. 418

    nor Ajax thrust Hector back, since a god had brought him near.

  419. 419

    Then glorious Ajax struck Caletor, son of Clytius,

  420. 420

    in the chest with his spear as he carried fire toward the ship.

  421. 421

    He fell with a thud, and the firebrand dropped from his hand.

  422. 422

    When Hector saw with his own eyes his cousin

  423. 423

    fallen in the dust before the black ship,

  424. 424

    he called to the Trojans and Lycians with a long shout:

  425. 425

    "Trojans and Lycians and Dardanians, close fighters,

  426. 426

    do not yet give ground in battle within this narrow place,

  427. 427

    but save the son of Clytius before the Achaeans are able

  428. 428

    to strip his armor where he fell in the gathering at the ships."

  429. 429

    So speaking, he cast his shining spear at Ajax.

  430. 430

    He missed him, but then struck Lycophron, son of Mastor,

  431. 431

    Ajax's attendant from Cythera, who lived with him

  432. 432

    because he had killed a man in sacred Cythera.

  433. 433

    Hector struck him in the head above the ear with sharp bronze

  434. 434

    as he stood close beside Ajax; backward into the dust

  435. 435

    he fell from the ship's stern to the ground, and his limbs gave way.

  436. 436

    Ajax shuddered and addressed his brother:

  437. 437

    "Teucer, dear heart, a faithful companion of ours is dead,

  438. 438

    Mastor's son, whom, when he came from Cythera and lived with us,

  439. 439

    we honored in our halls as we honor our own parents.

  440. 440

    Great-hearted Hector has killed him. Where now are your

  441. 441

    swift-fatal arrows and the bow Phoebus Apollo gave you?"

  442. 442

    So he spoke; Teucer understood and ran to stand beside him,

  443. 443

    holding in his hand his recurved bow and a quiver

  444. 444

    that held his arrows; very swiftly he shot among the Trojans.

  445. 445

    He struck Clitus, the splendid son of Pisenor,

  446. 446

    companion of Polydamas, the noble son of Panthous,

  447. 447

    as he held the reins in his hands, intent upon the horses;

  448. 448

    For he steered where by far the most battle lines were driven

  449. 449

    to win favor with Hector and the Trojans; but swiftly evil

  450. 450

    came upon him, and none could ward it off, though they strove.

  451. 451

    For the grief-bringing arrow struck the back of his neck.

  452. 452

    He fell from the chariot, and his swift-footed horses swerved away,

  453. 453

    rattling the empty car. Lord Polydamas saw it at once

  454. 454

    and was the first to come before the horses.

  455. 455

    He gave them to Astynous, son of Protiaon,

  456. 456

    and urgently told him to keep close and watch

  457. 457

    the horses; then he went back and joined the foremost fighters.

  458. 458

    Teucer drew another arrow against bronze-helmed Hector,

  459. 459

    and would have ended the battle beside the Achaean ships

  460. 460

    if he had struck him as he fought foremost and taken away his life.

  461. 461

    But Teucer did not escape the close-knit mind of Zeus, who guarded

  462. 462

    Hector, but robbed Telamonian Teucer of glory.

  463. 463

    For Zeus snapped the well-twisted string on his blameless bow

  464. 464

    as he drew it; aside in another direction veered

  465. 465

    the bronze-heavy arrow, and the bow dropped from his hand.

  466. 466

    Teucer shuddered and addressed his brother:

  467. 467

    "Ah me, now some god is utterly cutting short the plans

  468. 468

    of our battle—he has dashed the bow from my hand

  469. 469

    and snapped the newly twisted string that I tied

  470. 470

    this morning, so it might endure the arrows leaping thick and fast."

  471. 471

    Then great Telamonian Ajax answered him:

  472. 472

    "Friend, let the bow and the thick-packed arrows

  473. 473

    lie there, since a god, begrudging the Danaans, has confounded them.

  474. 474

    But take a long spear in your hands and a shield upon your shoulder;

  475. 475

    fight the Trojans, and rouse the rest of the host.

  476. 476

    Let them not, even after mastering us, take without a struggle

  477. 477

    our well-benched ships; but let us remember battle-joy."

  478. 478

    So he spoke, and Teucer laid his bow inside the shelter,

  479. 479

    then set upon his shoulders a four-layered shield,

  480. 480

    and upon his strong head he set a well-made helmet

  481. 481

    with a horsehair crest, and the plume nodded terribly above it.

  482. 482

    He took his stout spear, sharpened with keen bronze,

  483. 483

    and went on his way; running swiftly, he stood beside Ajax.

  484. 484

    When Hector saw that Teucer's missiles had been thwarted,

  485. 485

    he called to the Trojans and Lycians with a long shout:

  486. 486

    "Trojans and Lycians and Dardanians, close fighters,

  487. 487

    be men, my friends, and remember your furious valor.

  488. 488

    Among the hollow ships—for I have seen with my own eyes

  489. 489

    the missiles of their best man thwarted by Zeus.

  490. 490

    The might of Zeus is easily known among men,

  491. 491

    both in those to whom he grants the higher glory

  492. 492

    and those whose strength he lessens and whom he will not defend—

  493. 493

    as now he lessens the Argives' strength and aids us.

  494. 494

    Fight at the ships in one mass. Whichever one of you

  495. 495

    is struck by cast or thrust and meets his death and doom,

  496. 496

    let him die. It is no shame for him to die defending his country;

  497. 497

    his wife and children will remain safe behind him,

  498. 498

    and his house and allotted land unharmed, if the Achaeans

  499. 499

    depart in their ships for their dear native land."

  500. 500

    So he spoke and stirred the strength and spirit of every man.

  501. 501

    From the other side Ajax called to his own companions:

  502. 502

    "Shame, Argives! Now we must either perish

  503. 503

    or be saved and drive destruction from the ships.

  504. 504

    Do you expect, if Hector of the flashing helm takes the ships,

  505. 505

    that each of you will reach his native land on foot?

  506. 506

    Do you not hear Hector urging on his whole host,

  507. 507

    burning with desire to set the ships ablaze?

  508. 508

    He is not calling them to enter a dance, but to fight.

  509. 509

    For us there is no purpose or counsel better than this:

  510. 510

    to join hands and strength in close combat.

  511. 511

    Better to perish or survive in a single moment

  512. 512

    than long be worn away in this grim battle

  513. 513

    beside the ships, just so, beneath men worse than ourselves."

  514. 514

    So he spoke and stirred the strength and spirit of every man.

  515. 515

    Then Hector killed Schedius, son of Perimedes,

  516. 516

    leader of the Phocians, while Ajax killed Laodamas,

  517. 517

    commander of the foot fighters and Antenor's glorious son.

  518. 518

    Polydamas killed and stripped Otus of Cyllene,

  519. 519

    a companion of Phyleus's son and a leader of the great-hearted Epeians.

  520. 520

    Seeing him, Meges sprang upon him, but Polydamas

  521. 521

    swerved from beneath the cast, and Meges missed; for Apollo

  522. 522

    would not let Panthous's son be slain among the foremost fighters.

  523. 523

    Instead Meges struck Croesmus in the middle of the chest with his spear.

  524. 524

    He fell with a thud, and Meges stripped the armor from his shoulders.

  525. 525

    Meanwhile Dolops, skilled with the spear, sprang upon him,

  526. 526

    son of Lampus, whom Lampus begot as his finest son,

  527. 527

    Lampus son of Laomedon; and Dolops knew furious valor well.

  528. 528

    He rushed in close and stabbed the center of the son of Phyleus's shield,

  529. 529

    but his compact corselet warded the spear from him,

  530. 530

    the corselet he wore, fitted together in plates, which Phyleus once

  531. 531

    brought from Ephyra, from the river Selleis.

  532. 532

    His guest-friend, Euphetes lord of men, had given it to him

  533. 533

    to wear in war as a defense against hostile men;

  534. 534

    and now it warded ruin from his son's body.

  535. 535

    Then Meges stabbed the very crown of Dolops's bronze-bound,

  536. 536

    horsehair-crested helmet with his sharp spear,

  537. 537

    and sheared the horsehair plume from it; the whole crest

  538. 538

    fell down in the dust, gleaming with fresh purple dye.

  539. 539

    While Dolops stood and fought him, still hoping for victory,

  540. 540

    warlike Menelaus came to Meges as a defender.

  541. 541

    He stood unseen at Dolops's flank with his spear and struck his shoulder from behind;

  542. 542

    the spearpoint drove eagerly through his chest,

  543. 543

    thrusting forward, and he crumpled face-first.

  544. 544

    The two set about stripping the bronze-bound armor from his shoulders,

  545. 545

    but Hector called to all his kinsmen,

  546. 546

    and first rebuked the son of Hicetaon,

  547. 547

    mighty Melanippus. Before then he had pastured shambling cattle

  548. 548

    in Percote, while the enemy was still far away;

  549. 549

    But when the Danaans' curved ships came,

  550. 550

    he returned to Ilion and stood out among the Trojans.

  551. 551

    He lived beside Priam, who honored him like his own children.

  552. 552

    Hector rebuked him, addressed him, and called him by name:

  553. 553

    "Melanippus, shall we really hang back like this? Is not even your

  554. 554

    heart stirred by your cousin's death?

  555. 555

    Do you not see how they swarm around Dolops's armor?

  556. 556

    Come, follow me. We can no longer fight the Argives

  557. 557

    from a distance, before we either kill them or utterly sack

  558. 558

    steep Ilion and slaughter its people."

  559. 559

    So speaking, he led, and the godlike man followed with him.

  560. 560

    Then great Telamonian Ajax urged the Argives:

  561. 561

    "Friends, be men, and set a sense of shame within your hearts;

  562. 562

    Have regard for one another amid the fierce encounters.

  563. 563

    When men feel shame, more are saved than slain;

  564. 564

    but for men who flee, neither glory nor any strength arises."

  565. 565

    So he spoke, and they themselves were eager to defend.

  566. 566

    They laid his words within their hearts and fenced the ships

  567. 567

    with a wall of bronze; and Zeus roused the Trojans against them.

  568. 568

    Menelaus, good at the war-cry, urged Antilochus:

  569. 569

    "Antilochus, no other Achaean is younger than you,

  570. 570

    nor swifter on his feet nor as strong as you in battle.

  571. 571

    If only you might leap out and strike some Trojan."

  572. 572

    So speaking, Menelaus darted back again, but stirred Antilochus on.

  573. 573

    Antilochus sprang from the foremost fighters and cast his shining spear,

  574. 574

    glancing about him; and the Trojans gave ground

  575. 575

    before the man's cast; and he did not send his weapon in vain,

  576. 576

    but struck high-hearted Melanippus, Hicetaon's son,

  577. 577

    as he came into battle, in the chest beside the nipple.

  578. 578

    He fell with a thud, and darkness covered his eyes.

  579. 579

    Antilochus sprang upon him like a hound that leaps

  580. 580

    upon a wounded fawn, which, as it sprang from its lair,

  581. 581

    a hunter happened to strike, and loosened its limbs—

  582. 582

    so upon you, Melanippus, Antilochus steadfast in battle sprang

  583. 583

    to strip his armor; but he did not escape godlike Hector's notice,

  584. 584

    who ran to meet him through the battle.

  585. 585

    Antilochus did not stand his ground, swift fighter though he was,

  586. 586

    but fled like a beast that has done some harm,

  587. 587

    one that has killed a dog or a herdsman among the cattle

  588. 588

    and escapes before a crowd of men can gather.

  589. 589

    So Nestor's son fled, while Hector and the Trojans behind him

  590. 590

    with wondrous clamor poured their groan-bringing missiles after them.

  591. 591

    He stood and turned about when he reached the host of his comrades.

  592. 592

    But the Trojans, like raw-flesh-eating lions,

  593. 593

    swept upon the ships and fulfilled the commands of Zeus,

  594. 594

    who ever roused great strength in them, but bewitched the spirit

  595. 595

    of the Argives and robbed them of glory, while urging the Trojans on,

  596. 596

    for the heart of Zeus wished to grant glory to Hector.

  597. 597

    Priam's son, so that upon the curved ships heaven-kindled fire,

  598. 598

    unwearying, he might cast, and fulfill Thetis' excessive prayer

  599. 599

    in full; for Zeus the counselor waited for this:

  600. 600

    to see with his own eyes the blaze of a burning ship.

  601. 601

    For from that moment he intended to bring about a rout from the ships

  602. 602

    of the Trojans, and to grant glory to the Danaans.

  603. 603

    With this in mind, he drove against the hollow ships

  604. 604

    Hector, Priam's son, though he was fiercely eager himself.

  605. 605

    He raged as spear-brandishing Ares rages, or deadly fire

  606. 606

    among the mountains in the thickets of a deep forest.

  607. 607

    Foam formed about his mouth, and his two eyes

  608. 608

    blazed beneath his grim brows, while round his head the helmet

  609. 609

    shook terribly upon his temples as he fought.

  610. 610

    For Zeus himself was Hector's defender from the heavens,

  611. 611

    who, though he stood alone among many men,

  612. 612

    honored and glorified him; for he was destined

  613. 613

    to be short-lived; for already the day appointed for his death

  614. 614

    Pallas Athena was setting in motion through the force of the son of Peleus.

  615. 615

    He sought to break the ranks of men, testing them

  616. 616

    wherever he saw the greatest mass and the finest armor.

  617. 617

    Yet even so he could not break them, though he raged to do it,

  618. 618

    for they held firm, fitted together like a tower, like a rock

  619. 619

    great and sheer, standing close beside the gray sea,

  620. 620

    which withstands the swift courses of shrill winds

  621. 621

    and the swelling waves that belch against it.

  622. 622

    So the Danaans waited steadily for the Trojans and did not flee.

  623. 623

    But Hector, blazing with fire on every side, leapt into the throng

  624. 624

    and fell upon them as when a wave falls upon a swift ship,

  625. 625

    violent beneath the clouds and nursed by the wind; the ship is wholly

  626. 626

    hidden under foam, and the wind's dreadful blast

  627. 627

    roars in the sail, while the sailors' hearts tremble

  628. 628

    in fear, for they are borne only a little way out from under death—

  629. 629

    so the spirit in the Achaeans' breasts was torn apart.

  630. 630

    But Hector came on like a murderous-minded lion among cattle

  631. 631

    that graze in the meadow of a great marsh,

  632. 632

    thousands of them; and among them is a herdsman who does not yet know clearly

  633. 633

    how to fight the beast over the slaughter of a curving-horned cow.

  634. 634

    Now he is among the foremost cattle and the rearmost,

  635. 635

    always walking beside them; but the lion springs among the middle,

  636. 636

    and devours a cow, and all the rest shrink away; so then the Achaeans

  637. 637

    fled beyond telling before Hector and father Zeus,

  638. 638

    all of them; but Hector killed only Periphetes the Mycenaean,

  639. 639

    the dear son of Copreus, who for lord Eurystheus

  640. 640

    used to carry messages to the mighty strength of Heracles.

  641. 641

    From that much worse father was born a better son,

  642. 642

    excellent in every way, both in speed of foot and in fighting,

  643. 643

    and in understanding he stood among the foremost Mycenaeans.

  644. 644

    It was he who then handed Hector a greater glory.

  645. 645

    For as he turned back, he tripped against the rim of his shield,

  646. 646

    which he always carried, a guard reaching to his feet against missiles.

  647. 647

    Entangled in it, he fell on his back, and around him his helmet

  648. 648

    clanged terribly about his temples as he fell.

  649. 649

    Hector saw at once, ran forward, and stood close beside him,

  650. 650

    then planted his spear in his chest and, near his own companions,

  651. 651

    killed him. Though grieving for their comrade, they could not

  652. 652

    help him, for they themselves greatly feared godlike Hector.

  653. 653

    They came in among the ships, and the outermost ships enclosed them,

  654. 654

    all those drawn up in the first row; and the Trojans poured upon them.

  655. 655

    The Argives withdrew under compulsion from the ships,

  656. 656

    from those foremost, but stayed there beside the huts,

  657. 657

    in a body, and did not scatter through the camp, for shame held them

  658. 658

    and fear; for without pause they shouted to one another.

  659. 659

    And Nestor above all, the Gerenian bulwark of the Achaeans,

  660. 660

    begged each man, clasping his knees in his parents' name:

  661. 661

    "Friends, be men, and set a sense of shame within your hearts

  662. 662

    before other people; and let each of you remember

  663. 663

    children and wives, possessions and parents,

  664. 664

    whether a man's parents are living or have died.

  665. 665

    In their name, though they are absent, I clasp your knees here:

  666. 666

    stand firm, and do not turn toward rout."

  667. 667

    So he spoke and stirred the strength and spirit of every man.

  668. 668

    Then Athena drove from their eyes the wondrous cloud

  669. 669

    of mist; and abundant light appeared to them on both sides,

  670. 670

    both toward the ships and over the leveling war.

  671. 671

    They made out Hector, good at the war-cry, and his companions,

  672. 672

    all those who stood apart behind him and did not fight,

  673. 673

    and all those who fought the battle beside the swift ships.

  674. 674

    No longer did it please great-hearted Ajax's spirit

  675. 675

    to stand where the other sons of the Achaeans stood apart.

  676. 676

    Instead, with long strides he went over the ships' decks,

  677. 677

    wielding in his hands a great polished pike for fighting at sea,

  678. 678

    well-jointed with clamps and twenty-two cubits long.

  679. 679

    As when a man well skilled in riding horses at a gallop,

  680. 680

    once he has gathered four horses together from many,

  681. 681

    drives them from the plain toward a great city

  682. 682

    down the crowded road, and many gaze at him,

  683. 683

    men and women alike; but he, always sure and steady,

  684. 684

    leaps from one horse to another while they fly onward—

  685. 685

    so Ajax ranged over the many decks of the swift ships

  686. 686

    with long strides, and his voice reached the heavens,

  687. 687

    and always shouting terribly, he urged the Danaans

  688. 688

    to defend the ships and shelters. Nor did Hector

  689. 689

    remain within the mass of closely armored Trojans;

  690. 690

    but as a blazing eagle swoops upon a flock

  691. 691

    of winged birds feeding beside a river—

  692. 692

    geese, or cranes, or long-necked swans,

  693. 693

    so Hector rushed straight at a dark-prowed ship,

  694. 694

    springing head-on; and Zeus thrust him onward from behind

  695. 695

    with his very mighty hand and roused the host beside him.

  696. 696

    Once more fierce battle arose beside the ships.

  697. 697

    You would have said that tireless men, unbroken by toil,

  698. 698

    met one another in war, so furiously did they fight.

  699. 699

    As they fought, this was their purpose: the Achaeans

  700. 700

    believed they would not escape the evil, but would perish,

  701. 701

    while the spirit in every Trojan's breast hoped

  702. 702

    to burn the ships and kill the Achaean heroes.

  703. 703

    With these thoughts they stood against one another.

  704. 704

    Then Hector seized the stern of the seagoing ship,

  705. 705

    beautiful and swift-sailing, which had carried Protesilaus

  706. 706

    to Troy, yet did not carry him back again to his homeland.

  707. 707

    Around that ship Achaeans and Trojans

  708. 708

    slaughtered one another at close quarters. No longer did they

  709. 709

    wait apart for flights of arrows or casts of spears,

  710. 710

    but standing close together with a single purpose,

  711. 711

    they fought with sharp battle-axes and axes,

  712. 712

    with great swords and double-pointed spears.

  713. 713

    Many fine swords, black-bound and fitted with hilts,

  714. 714

    fell to the ground, some from hands and others from the shoulders

  715. 715

    of fighting men, and the black earth ran with blood.

  716. 716

    Once Hector had grasped the stern, he would not let go,

  717. 717

    holding the sternpost in his hands, and he called to the Trojans:

  718. 718

    "Bring fire, and all together raise the war-cry!

  719. 719

    Now Zeus has given us a day worth all the rest:

  720. 720

    to take the ships that came here against the gods' will

  721. 721

    and caused us many sorrows through the elders' cowardice.

  722. 722

    When I wished to fight beside the ships' sterns,

  723. 723

    they held me back and kept the army in check.

  724. 724

    But if wide-thundering Zeus then clouded our wits,

  725. 725

    now he himself drives us on and commands us."

  726. 726

    So he spoke, and they rushed still harder upon the Argives.

  727. 727

    Ajax no longer held his place, for missiles overpowered him;

  728. 728

    but he drew back a little, thinking he would die,

  729. 729

    onto the seven-foot bench, and left the balanced ship's deck.

  730. 730

    There he stood on watch, and with his spear continually

  731. 731

    kept from the ships any Trojan who carried tireless fire,

  732. 732

    and always shouting terribly, he urged the Danaans:

  733. 733

    "Friends, hero Danaans, henchmen of Ares,

  734. 734

    be men, my friends, and remember your furious valor.

  735. 735

    Do we suppose there are defenders behind us,

  736. 736

    or some stronger wall that could ward ruin from our men?

  737. 737

    There is no nearby city fitted with towers

  738. 738

    where we might defend ourselves with another host to turn the tide.

  739. 739

    Here on the plain of the closely armored Trojans,

  740. 740

    hemmed against the sea, we sit far from our native land.

  741. 741

    So our salvation lies in our hands, not in any easing of war."

  742. 742

    He spoke, and eagerly plied his sharp spear.

  743. 743

    Whichever Trojan came toward the hollow ships

  744. 744

    with blazing fire, to please Hector, who urged him on,

  745. 745

    Ajax, lying in wait, would stab him with his long spear.

  746. 746

    And before the ships he wounded twelve men at close quarters.

The particulars

The text
Ἰλιάς, Homer. The Patrocleia.
Translation
Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
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Digital narration in reconstructed pronunciation, shaped to the hexameter.
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Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.