Ancient Greek · The Patrocleia
Ἰλιάδος Ο
Book 15. Fire at the Ships
Zeus wakes and sets things right. Apollo heals Hector, and the Trojans reach the ships. Ajax fights from the decks.
Tap a line to open its words. The mark beside it plays it.
- 1
But when in flight they had crossed the stakes and trench,
Metre
αὐτὰρἐπεὶδιάτε‖σκόλοπαςκαὶτάφρονἔβησαν
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · conjunctionsentence particleἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · adverbadverbial to δὲδιάthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionτεandτε · particlesentence particleσκόλοπαςstakesσκόλοψ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordτάφρονtrenchτάφρος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶἔβησανcrossedβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to δὲ - 2
fleeing, and many had fallen beneath the Danaans' hands,
Metre
φεύγοντεςπολλοὶ‖δὲδάμενΔαναῶνὑπὸχερσίν
φεύγοντεςfleeingφεύγω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἔβησανπολλοὶmanyπολύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of δάμενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδάμενhad fallenδαμάζω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to δὲΔαναῶνof the DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies χερσίνὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionχερσίνhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of ὑπὸ - 3
they halted there beside their chariots and stood fast,
Metre
οἳμὲνδὴπαρὄχεσφιν‖ἐρητύοντομένοντες
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐρητύοντομὲνfor their partμέν · particlesentence particleδὴthereδή · particlesentence particleπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionὄχεσφινchariotsὄχος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to παῤἐρητύοντοhaltedἐρητύω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbμένοντεςstanding fastμένω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐρητύοντο - 4
pale beneath their fear and panic-stricken; then Zeus woke
Metre
χλωροὶὑπαὶδείους‖πεφοβημένοιἔγρετοδὲΖεὺς
χλωροὶpaleχλωρός · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementὑπαὶbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionδείουςfearδέος · genitive singular neuter nounadverbial to ὑπαὶπεφοβημένοιterrifiedφοβέω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐρητύοντοἔγρετοawokeἐγείρω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔγρετο - 5
on the crests of Ida beside golden-throned Hera.
Ἴδηςof IdaἼδη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies κορυφῇσιἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionκορυφῇσιcrestsκορυφή · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐνπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionχρυσοθρόνουgolden-thronedχρυσόθρονος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἭρηςἭρηςHeraἭρα · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to παρὰ - 6
He sprang up and stood, and saw the Trojans and Achaeans—
Metre
στῆἄρἀναΐξας‖ἴδεδὲΤρῶαςκαὶἈχαιοὺς
στῆstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἀναΐξαςspringing upἀναίσσω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to στῆἴδεsawεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΤρῶαςTrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἈχαιοὺςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of καὶ - 7
the Trojans driven in turmoil, the Argives driving them from behind,
Metre
τοὺςμὲνὀρινομένους‖τοὺςδὲκλονέονταςὄπισθεν
τοὺςthe formerὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounmodifies ὀρινομένουςμὲνon one sideμέν · particlesentence particleὀρινομένουςdriven in turmoilὀρίνω · present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculinemodifies δὲτοὺςthe latterὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounmodifies κλονέονταςδὲon the otherδέ · particlecoordinating wordκλονέονταςdriving themκλονέω · present active participle, accusative plural masculinemodifies δὲὄπισθενfrom behindὄπισθεν · adverbadverbial to κλονέοντας - 8
and among the Argives lord Poseidon.
Metre
Ἀργείουςμετὰδέ‖σφιΠοσειδάωναἄνακτα
Ἀργείουςthe ArgivesἈργεῖος · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of κλονέονταςμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσφιamong themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounmodifies μετὰΠοσειδάωναPoseidonΠοσειδεών · accusative singular masculine nounobject of δέἄνακταlordἄναξ · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Ποσειδάωνα - 9
He saw Hector lying on the plain, his comrades seated
Metre
Ἕκτοραἐνπεδίῳ‖ἴδεκείμενονἀμφὶἑταῖροι
ἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἴδεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionπεδίῳplainπεδίον · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐνἴδεsawεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκείμενονlyingκεῖμαι · present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · adverbadverbial to εἵαθ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἑταῖροιcompanionsἑταῖρος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of εἵαθ̓ - 10
around him; grievous gasping held him, and his mind was failing,
Metre
εἵαθὃἀργαλέῳ‖ἔχετἄσθματικῆρἀπινύσσων
εἵαθwere seatedἧμαι · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔχετ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀργαλέῳgrievousἀργαλέος · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἄσθματιἔχετgripped himἔχω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄσθματιgaspingἄσθμα · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἔχετ̓κῆρin his mindκῆρ · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἀπινύσσωνἀπινύσσωνhis mind failingἀπινύσσω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔχετ̓ - 11
as he vomited blood, for it was not the feeblest Achaean who had struck him.
Metre
αἷμἐμέωνἐπεὶοὔ‖μινἀφαυρότατοςβάλἈχαιῶν
αἷμbloodαἷμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐμέωνἐμέωνvomitingἐμέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔχετ̓ἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of βάλ̓ἀφαυρότατοςthe feeblestἀφαυρός · nominative singular masculine superlative adjectivesubject of βάλ̓βάλstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies βάλ̓ - 12
Seeing him, the father of men and gods took pity,
Metre
τὸνδὲἰδὼνἐλέησε‖πατὴρἀνδρῶντεθεῶντε
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἰδὼνδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleἰδὼνseeingεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐλέησεἐλέησεpitiedἐλεέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπατὴρfatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐλέησεἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τετεandτε · particlesentence particleθεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 13
and glaring terribly at Hera from under his brows, he spoke:
Metre
δεινὰὑπόδραἰδὼν‖Ἥρηνπρὸςμῦθονἔειπεν
δεινὰterriblyδεινός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἰδὼνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὑπόδραfrom under his browsὑπόδρα · adverbadverbial to ἰδὼνἰδὼνseeingεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔειπενἭρηνHeraἭρα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔειπενπρὸςtoπρός · prepositionemphasizing particleμῦθονwordsμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔειπενἔειπενspokeεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 14
"Ah, evil-working, incorrigible Hera, your trick
Metre
ἦμάλαδὴκακότεχνος‖ἀμήχανεσὸςδόλοςἭρη
ἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleκακότεχνοςevil-workingκακότεχνος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δόλοςἀμήχανεincorrigibleἀμήχανος · vocative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἥρησὸςyourσός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δόλοςδόλοςtrickδόλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δὲἭρηHeraἭρα · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided head - 15
has stopped godlike Hector from battle and routed the host.
Metre
Ἕκτοραδῖονἔπαυσε‖μάχηςἐφόβησεδὲλαούς
ἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔπαυσεδῖονgodlikeδῖος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτοραἔπαυσεstoppedπαύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμάχηςbattleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἔπαυσεἐφόβησεroutedφοβέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordλαούςforcesλαός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐφόβησε - 16
Indeed, I do not know whether once again for this grievous plotting
Metre
οὐμὰνοἶδεἰαὖτε‖κακορραφίηςἀλεγεινῆς
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμὰνsurelyμήν · particlesentence particleοἶδI knowοἶδα · perfect active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbεἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionαὖτεin turnαὖτε · adverbsentence particleκακορραφίηςevil plottingκακορραφία · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐπαύρηαιἀλεγεινῆςgrievousἀλεγεινός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies κακορραφίης - 17
you will be first to reap the fruit, and I shall lash you with blows.
Metre
πρώτηἐπαύρηαι‖καίσεπληγῇσινἱμάσσω
πρώτηfirstπρῶτος · nominative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐπαύρηαιreap the fruitἐπαυρέω · aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular verbobject of καίκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordσεyouσύ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ἱμάσσωπληγῇσινblowsπληγή · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἱμάσσωἱμάσσωI shall lashἱμάσσω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbobject of καί - 18
Do you not remember when I hung you from on high, and from your two feet
ἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμέμνῃrememberμιμνήσκω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbὅτεwhenὅτε · adverbadverbial to δὲτandτε · particlesentence particleἐκρέμωI hung youκρεμάννυμι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verbobject of δὲὑψόθενfrom aboveὑψόθεν · adverbadverbial to ἐκρέμωἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleποδοῖινyour two feetπούς · genitive dual masculine nounobject of ἐκ - 19
hung two anvils, and around your hands drew a bond
Metre
ἄκμοναςἧκαδύω‖περὶχερσὶδὲδεσμὸνἴηλα
ἄκμοναςanvilsἄκμων · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἧκαἧκαI hungἵημι · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbadverbial to δὲδύωtwoδύο · numeralmodifies ἄκμοναςπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionχερσὶhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of περὶδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδεσμὸνa bondδεσμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἴηλαἴηλαI drewἰάλλω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbadverbial to δὲ - 20
of gold, unbreakable? You hung in the air among the clouds;
Metre
χρύσεονἄρρηκτον‖σὺἐναἰθέρικαὶνεφέλῃσιν
χρύσεονgoldenχρύσεος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δεσμὸνἄρρηκτονunbreakableἄρρηκτος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δεσμὸνσὺyouσύ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἐκρέμωδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionαἰθέριthe airαἰθήρ · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνεφέλῃσινthe cloudsνεφέλη · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to καὶ - 21
you hung, and the gods raged throughout broad Olympus,
ἐκρέμωyou hungκρεμάννυμι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἠλάστεονragedἀλαστέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleθεοὶgodsθεός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἠλάστεονκατὰthroughoutκατά · prepositionprepositionμακρὸνbroadμακρός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὌλυμπονὌλυμπονOlympusὌλυμπος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to κατὰ - 22
but standing near they could not free you. Whichever one I caught,
Metre
λῦσαιοὐκἐδύναντο‖παρασταδόνὃνδὲλάβοιμι
λῦσαιto free youλύω · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἐδύναντοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἐδύναντοcouldδύναμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπαρασταδόνstanding nearπαρασταδόν · adverbadverbial to λῦσαιὃνwhomὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of λάβοιμιδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordλάβοιμιI caughtλαμβάνω · aorist active optative, 1st singular verbobject of ῥίπτασκον - 23
I would seize and hurl from the threshold until he reached
ῥίπτασκονI would hurlῥίπτω · imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbτεταγὼνseizingτεταγών · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ῥίπτασκονἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionβηλοῦthe thresholdβηλός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀπὸὄφρso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἂνwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἵκηταιhe reachedἱκνέομαι · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὄφῤ - 24
the earth in a faint. Yet not even so did there leave my heart
Metre
γῆνὀλιγηπελέων‖ἐμὲοὐδὧςθυμὸνἀνίει
γῆνthe earthγῆ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἵκηταιὀλιγηπελέωνfaintingὀλιγηπελέων · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἵκηταιἐμὲfrom meἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀνίειδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὧςeven soὡς · adverbadverbial to ἀνίειθυμὸνheartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀνίειἀνίειleftἀνίημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 25
the ceaseless pain I bore for divine Heracles,
Metre
ἀζηχὴςὀδύνη‖Ἡρακλῆοςθείοιο
ἀζηχὴςceaselessἀζηχής · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ὀδύνηὀδύνηpainὀδύνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἀνίειἩρακλῆοςover HeraclesἩρακλέης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ὀδύνηθείοιοgodlikeθεῖος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἡρακλῆος - 26
whom you, with Boreas the wind, after winning the tempests to your side,
Metre
τὸνσὺξὺνΒορέῃ‖ἀνέμῳπεπιθοῦσαθυέλλας
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of πέμψαςσὺyouσύ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of καίξὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionΒορέῃBoreasΒορέας · dative singular masculine nounmodifies ἀνέμῳἀνέμῳwindἄνεμος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ξὺνπεπιθοῦσαwinning overπείθω · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to πέμψαςθυέλλαςthe tempestsθύελλα · accusative plural feminine nounobject of πεπιθοῦσα - 27
sent over the barren sea, plotting evil,
Metre
πέμψαςἐπἀτρύγετον‖πόντονκακὰμητιόωσα
πέμψαςyou sentπέμπω · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbverb of a clause describing καίἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionἀτρύγετονbarrenἀτρύγετος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πόντονπόντονseaπόντος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπ̓κακὰevilsκακός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of μητιόωσαμητιόωσαplottingμητιάω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to πέμψας - 28
and then you swept his son away to well-settled Cos,
Metre
καίμινἔπειταΚόων‖εὖναιομένηνἀπένεικας
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀπένεικαςἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἀπένεικαςΚόωνCosΚῶς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀπένεικαςδandδέ · particleemphasizing particleεὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to ναιομένηνναιομένηνsettledναίω · present medio-passive participle, accusative singular femininemodifies Κόωνἀπένεικαςswept awayἀποφέρω · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbverb of a clause describing καί - 29
but I rescued him from there and brought him back again
Metre
τὸνμὲνἐγὼνἔνθεν‖ῥυσάμηνκαὶἀνήγαγοναὖτις
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of καὶμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐγὼνIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καὶἔνθενfrom thereἔνθεν · adverbobject of ῥυσάμηνῥυσάμηνI rescuedῥύομαι · aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀνήγαγονbrought backἀνάγω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbαὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbadverbial to ἀνήγαγον - 30
to horse-pasturing Argos, though he had endured many labors.
Metre
Ἄργοςἐςἱππόβοτον‖καὶπολλάπερἀθλήσαντα
ἌργοςArgosἌργος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐςἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἱππόβοτονhorse-pasturingἱππόβοτος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies Ἄργοςκαὶthoughκαί · adverbemphasizing particleπολλάmanyπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀθλήσανταπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἀθλήσανταlaboredἀθλέω · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 31
I shall remind you of these things again, so that you cease from deception
Metre
τῶναὖτιςμνήσω‖ἵνἀπολλήξῃςἀπατάων
τῶνof these thingsὁ · genitive plural neuter pronounobject of μνήσωσyouσύ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of μνήσωαὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbadverbial to μνήσωμνήσωI shall remindμιμνήσκω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἵνso thatἵνα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἀπολλήξῃςyou ceaseἀπολήγω · aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ἵν̓ἀπατάωνdeceitἀπάτη · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἀπολλήξῃς - 32
and see whether love and bed will help you—
Metre
ὄφραἴδῃἤντοι‖χραίσμῃφιλότηςτεκαὶεὐνή
ὄφραso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἴδῃyou may seeεἶδον · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ὄφραἤνifἐάν · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτοιfor youσύ · dative singular feminine pronounobject of χραίσμῃχραίσμῃwill helpχραισμέω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbobject of ἤνφιλότηςloveφιλότης · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶalsoκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordεὐνήa bedεὐνή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶ - 33
the bed you shared when you came from among the gods and deceived me."
Metre
ἣνἐμίγηςἐλθοῦσα‖θεῶνἄποκαίἀπάτησας
ἣνwhichὅς · accusative singular feminine pronounadverbial to ἐμίγηςἐμίγηςyou sharedμίγνυμι · aorist passive indicative, 2nd singular verbverb of a clause describing καίἐλθοῦσαyou cameἔρχομαι · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἐμίγηςθεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἄποἄποfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀπάτησαςἀπάτησαςdeceivedἀπατάω · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbverb of a clause describing καί - 34
So he spoke, and ox-eyed queenly Hera trembled,
Metre
ὣςφάτοῥίγησεν‖δὲβοῶπιςπότνιαἭρη
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάτοφάτοhe spokeφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbῥίγησενshudderedῥιγέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleβοῶπιςox-eyedβοῶπις · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἥρηπότνιαqueenlyπότνια · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἭρηἭρηHeraἭρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ῥίγησεν - 35
and speaking to him, she addressed him with winged words:
Metre
καίμινφωνήσασ‖ἔπεαπτερόενταπροσηύδα
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσηύδαφωνήσασspeakingφωνέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to προσηύδαἔπεαwordsἔπος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of προσηύδαπτερόενταwingedπτερόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔπεαπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 36
"Now let Earth know this, and broad Heaven above,
Metre
ἴστωνῦντόδεΓαῖα‖καὶΟὐρανὸςεὐρὺςὕπερθε
ἴστωlet knowοἶδα · perfect active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἴστωτόδεthisὅδε · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of ἴστωΓαῖαearthγαῖα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleΟὐρανὸςheavenοὐρανός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶεὐρὺςbroadεὐρύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Οὐρανὸςὕπερθεaboveὕπερθεν · adverbmodifies Οὐρανὸς - 37
and the down-flowing water of Styx, which is the greatest
Metre
καὶτὸκατειβόμενον‖Στυγὸςὕδωρὅςτεμέγιστος
καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleτὸtheὁ · nominative singular neuter articlemodifies ὕδωρκατειβόμενονflowing downκατείβω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular neutermodifies ὕδωρΣτυγὸςof StyxΣτύξ · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ὕδωρὕδωρwaterὕδωρ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of καὶὅςwhichὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of πέλειτεandτε · particlesentence particleμέγιστοςgreatestμέγας · nominative singular masculine superlative adjectivemodifies τε - 38
and most terrible oath among the blessed gods,
Metre
ὅρκοςδεινότατός‖τεπέλειμακάρεσσιθεοῖσι
ὅρκοςoathὅρκος · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate nounδεινότατόςdreadδεινός · nominative singular masculine superlative adjectivemodifies τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordπέλειisπέλω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ὕδωρμακάρεσσιthe blessedμάκαρ · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοῖσιθεοῖσιgodsθεός · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to πέλει - 39
and your sacred head and our own wedded bed,
Metre
σήἱερὴκεφαλὴ‖καὶνωΐτερονλέχοςαὐτῶν
σήyourσός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κεφαλὴθandτε · particlesentence particleἱερὴsacredἱερός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κεφαλὴκεφαλὴheadκεφαλή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνωΐτερονour ownνωίτερος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies λέχοςλέχοςbedλέχος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of καὶαὐτῶνof us bothαὐτός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies λέχος - 40
by which I would never swear recklessly:
Metre
κουρίδιοντὸμὲνοὐκ‖ἂνἐγώποτεμὰψὀμόσαιμι
κουρίδιονweddedκουρίδιος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies λέχοςτὸby whichὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of ὀμόσαιμιμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἂνwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἐγώIἐγώ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ὀμόσαιμιποτεeverποτέ · particleadverbial to ὀμόσαιμιμὰψrecklesslyμάψ · adverbadverbial to ὀμόσαιμιὀμόσαιμιswearὄμνυμι · aorist active optative, 1st singular verbverb of a clause describing λέχος - 41
it is not through my will that Poseidon the earth-shaker
Metre
μὴδιἐμὴνἰότητα‖Ποσειδάωνἐνοσίχθων
μὴnotμή · particleemphasizing particleδιthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionἐμὴνmyἐμός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἰότηταἰότηταby willἰότης · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to δἰΠοσειδάωνPoseidonΠοσειδεών · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πημαίνειἐνοσίχθωνEarth-shakerἘνοσίχθων · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ποσειδάων - 42
brings harm to the Trojans and Hector and gives the Achaeans aid,
Metre
πημαίνειΤρῶάς‖τεκαὶἝκτορατοῖσιἀρήγει
πημαίνειbrings harm toπημαίνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΤρῶάςTrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτοῖσιthe Achaeansὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἀρήγειδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀρήγειgives aidἀρήγω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 43
but surely his own heart urges and commands him,
Metre
ἀλλάπουαὐτὸνθυμὸς‖ἐποτρύνεικαὶἀνώγει
ἀλλάbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordπουsurelyπού · adverbsentence particleαὐτὸνhimαὐτός · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of καὶθυμὸςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶἐποτρύνειurgesἐποτρύνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀνώγειcommandsἄνωγα · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 44
for he saw the Achaeans worn down beside the ships and pitied them.
Metre
τειρομένουςἐπὶνηυσὶν‖ἰδὼνἐλέησενἈχαιούς
τειρομένουςbeing worn downτείρω · present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complementδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπὶbesideἐπί · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶνthe shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐπὶἰδὼνseeingεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐλέησενἐλέησενpitiedἐλεέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐλέησεν - 45
Yet I would counsel even him
Metre
αὐτάρτοικαὶκείνῳ‖ἐγὼπαραμυθησαίμην
αὐτάρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleτοιindeedτοι · particlesentence particleκαὶalsoκαί · adverbadverbial to παραμυθησαίμηνκείνῳhimἐκεῖνος · dative singular masculine adjectiveobject of παραμυθησαίμηνἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of παραμυθησαίμηνπαραμυθησαίμηνcounselπαραμυθέομαι · aorist medio-passive optative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 46
to go the way in which you, dark-clouded one, should lead."
Metre
τῇἴμενᾗκενδὴ‖σὺκελαινεφὲςἡγεμονεύῃς
τῇthat wayτῇ · adverbobject of ἴμενἴμενto goεἶμι · present active infinitiveobject of παραμυθησαίμηνᾗwhereᾗ · adverbobject of ἡγεμονεύῃςκενshouldἄν · particlesentence particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleσὺyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἡγεμονεύῃςκελαινεφὲςdark-clouded lordκελαινεφής · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headἡγεμονεύῃςleadἡγεμονεύω · present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verbverb of a clause describing τῇ - 47
So she spoke, and the father of men and gods smiled.
Metre
ὣςφάτομείδησεν‖δὲπατὴρἀνδρῶντεθεῶντε
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάτοφάτοshe spokeφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμείδησενsmiledμειδάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlefunction wordπατὴρfatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of μείδησενἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τετεandτε · particlesentence particleθεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 48
And answering her, he addressed her with winged words:
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμινherμιν · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of προσηύδαἀμειβόμενοςansweringἀμείβω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσηύδαἔπεαwordsἔπος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of προσηύδαπτερόενταwingedπτερόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔπεαπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 49
"If indeed you, ox-eyed queenly Hera,
Metre
εἰμὲνδὴσύἔπειτα‖βοῶπιςπότνιαἭρη
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleσύyouσύ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of καθίζοιςγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἔπειταthereafterἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to καθίζοιςβοῶπιςox-eyedβοῶπις · vocative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἥρηπότνιαqueenlyπότνια · vocative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἭρηἭρηHeraἭρα · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided head - 50
would sit among the immortals of one mind with me,
Metre
ἶσονἐμοὶφρονέουσα‖μετἀθανάτοισικαθίζοις
ἶσονof one mindἴσος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to φρονέουσαἐμοὶto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἶσονφρονέουσαdisposedφρονέω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to καθίζοιςμετamongμετά · prepositionprepositionἀθανάτοισιimmortalsἀθάνατος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to μετ̓καθίζοιςwould sitκαθίζω · present active optative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to εἰ - 51
then Poseidon, even if he strongly wishes otherwise,
Metre
τώκεΠοσειδάων‖γεκαὶεἰμάλαβούλεταιἄλλῃ
τώthenτῷ · adverbsentence particleκεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleΠοσειδάωνPoseidonΠοσειδεών · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of μεταστρέψειεγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleεἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμάλαveryμάλα · adverbadverbial to βούλεταιβούλεταιwishesβούλομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἰἄλλῃotherwiseἄλλῃ · adverbadverbial to βούλεται - 52
would swiftly turn his purpose to follow your heart and mine.
Metre
αἶψαμεταστρέψειε‖νόονμετὰσὸνκαὶἐμὸνκῆρ
αἶψαat onceαἶψα · adverbadverbial to μεταστρέψειεμεταστρέψειεwould turnμεταστρέφω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνόονmindνόος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of μεταστρέψειεμετὰto followμετά · prepositionprepositionσὸνyourσός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐμὸνmyἐμός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies καὶκῆρpurposeκῆρ · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to μετὰ - 53
But if what you say is true and exact,
Metre
ἀλλεἰδήἐτεόν‖γεκαὶἀτρεκέωςἀγορεύεις
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctionsentence particleεἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδήindeedδή · particleemphasizing particleῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἐτεόνtrueἐτεός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to καὶγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀτρεκέωςexactlyἀτρεκής · adverbadverbial to καὶἀγορεύειςyou speakἀγορεύω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to εἰ - 54
go now among the tribes of gods, and summon here
Metre
ἔρχεονῦνμετὰφῦλα‖θεῶνκαὶδεῦροκάλεσσον
ἔρχεοgoἔρχομαι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἔρχεομετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionφῦλαtribesφῦλον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of μετὰθεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies φῦλακαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordδεῦροhereδεῦρο · adverbobject of ἐλθέμεναικάλεσσονsummonκαλέω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 55
Iris to come, and Apollo famed for his bow,
Metre
Ἶρίνἐλθέμεναι‖καὶἈπόλλωνακλυτότοξον
ἾρίνIrisἾρις · accusative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶτandτε · particlesentence particleἐλθέμεναιto comeἔρχομαι · aorist active infinitiveobject of κάλεσσονκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἈπόλλωναApolloἈπόλλων · accusative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκλυτότοξονfamed for his bowκλυτότοξος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀπόλλωνα - 56
so that she may go among the host of bronze-clad Achaeans
Metre
ὄφρἣμὲνμετὰλαὸν‖Ἀχαιῶνχαλκοχιτώνων
ὄφρso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἣIrisὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of καὶμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionλαὸνhostλαός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of μετὰἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies λαὸνχαλκοχιτώνωνbronze-cladχαλκοχίτων · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχαιῶν - 57
and tell lord Poseidon
Metre
ἔλθῃκαὶεἴπῃσι‖Ποσειδάωνιἄνακτι
ἔλθῃmay goἔρχομαι · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordεἴπῃσιtellεἶπον · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶΠοσειδάωνιPoseidonΠοσειδεών · dative singular masculine nounobject of εἴπῃσιἄνακτιlordἄναξ · dative singular masculine nounmodifies Ποσειδάωνι - 58
to cease from war and make his way to his own house,
Metre
παυσάμενονπολέμοιο‖τὰἃπρὸςδώμαθἱκέσθαι
παυσάμενονto ceaseπαύω · aorist middle participle, accusative singular masculineadverbial to ἱκέσθαιπολέμοιοfrom warπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of παυσάμενοντὰtheὁ · accusative plural neuter articlemodifies δώμαθ̓ἃhisἑός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δώμαθ̓πρὸςtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionδώμαθhouseδῶμα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of πρὸςἱκέσθαιmake his wayἱκνέομαι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of εἴπῃσι - 59
and Phoebus Apollo may urge Hector into battle,
Metre
Ἕκτοραὀτρύνῃσι‖μάχηνἐςΦοῖβοςἈπόλλων
ἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὀτρύνῃσιδandδέ · particlesentence particleὀτρύνῃσιmay urgeὀτρύνω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to αὐτὰρμάχηνbattleμάχη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐςἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionΦοῖβοςPhoebusΦοῖβος · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈπόλλωνἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of αὐτὰρ - 60
breathe strength into him again, and make him forget the pains
Metre
αὖτιςἐμπνεύσῃσι‖μένοςλελάθῃὀδυνάων
αὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbadverbial to ἐμπνεύσῃσιδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐμπνεύσῃσιbreathe againἐμπνέω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to αὐτὰρμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐμπνεύσῃσιλελάθῃmake him forgetλανθάνω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to αὐτὰρδandδέ · particlesentence particleὀδυνάωνof painsὀδύνη · genitive plural feminine nounobject of λελάθῃ - 61
that now wear down his mind; then turn the Achaeans
Metre
αἳνῦνμιντείρουσι‖κατὰφρέναςαὐτὰρἈχαιοὺς
αἳwhichὅς · nominative plural feminine pronounsubject of τείρουσινῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to τείρουσιμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of τείρουσιτείρουσιwear downτείρω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ὀδυνάωνκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionφρέναςheartφρήν · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to κατὰαὐτὰρandἀτάρ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἈχαιοὺςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἀποστρέψῃσιν - 62
back again, rousing cowardly flight among them,
Metre
αὖτιςἀποστρέψῃσιν‖ἀνάλκιδαφύζανἐνόρσας
αὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbadverbial to ἀποστρέψῃσινἀποστρέψῃσινmay turn backἀποστρέφω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to αὐτὰρἀνάλκιδαcowardlyἄναλκις · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies φύζανφύζανroutφύζα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐνόρσαςἐνόρσαςrousingἐνόρνυμι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀποστρέψῃσιν - 63
and fleeing, they shall fall among the many-benched ships
φεύγοντεςfleeingφεύγω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to πέσωσιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐνπολυκλήϊσιmany-benchedπολυκλήις · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶπέσωσιfallπίπτω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to δ̓ - 64
of Achilles, son of Peleus; and he will raise up his companion
ΠηλεΐδεωPeleus’ sonΠηλείδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἈχιλῆοςἈχιλῆοςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies νηυσὶὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀνστήσειδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀνστήσειwill raise upἀνίστημι · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὃνhisἑός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἑταῖρονἑταῖρονcompanionἑταῖρος · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Πάτροκλον - 65
Patroclus, whom glorious Hector will kill with his spear
Metre
Πάτροκλοντὸνδὲ‖κτενεῖἔγχεϊφαίδιμοςἝκτωρ
ΠάτροκλονPatroclusΠάτροκλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀνστήσειτὸνwhomὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of κτενεῖδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκτενεῖwill killκτείνω · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔγχεϊspearἔγχος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to κτενεῖφαίδιμοςgloriousφαίδιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κτενεῖ - 66
before Ilion, after Patroclus has slain vigorous young men—
Ἰλίουof IlionἼλιος · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to προπάροιθεπροπάροιθεbeforeπροπάροιθε · prepositionprepositionπολέαςmanyπολύς · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies αἰζηοὺςὀλέσαντhas slainὄλλυμι · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementαἰζηοὺςyoung menαἰζηός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ὀλέσαντ̓ - 67
many others, and among them my own son, godlike Sarpedon.
Metre
τοὺςἄλλουςμετὰυἱὸν‖ἐμὸνΣαρπηδόναδῖον
τοὺςtheὁ · accusative plural masculine articlemodifies ἄλλουςἄλλουςothersἄλλος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies αἰζηοὺςμετὰamongμετά · adverbadverbialδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Σαρπηδόναἐμὸνmyἐμός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱὸνΣαρπηδόναSarpedonΣαρπηδών · accusative singular masculine nounobjectδῖονgodlikeδῖος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Σαρπηδόνα - 68
Angered over Patroclus, godlike Achilles will kill Hector.
Metre
τοῦδὲχολωσάμενος‖κτενεῖἝκτοραδῖοςἈχιλλεύς
τοῦover himὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of χολωσάμενοςδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχολωσάμενοςangeredχολόω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κτενεῖκτενεῖwill killκτείνω · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κτενεῖδῖοςgodlikeδῖος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχιλλεύςἈχιλλεύςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κτενεῖ - 69
From that time onward I shall make a counter-pursuit from the ships
Metre
ἐκτοῦἄντοιἔπειτα‖παλίωξινπαρὰνηῶν
ἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionτοῦthat timeὁ · genitive singular neuter pronounadverbial to ἐκδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄνwouldἄν · particlesentence particleτοιindeedτοι · particlesentence particleἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to τεύχοιμιπαλίωξινa counter-pursuitπαλίωξις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of τεύχοιμιπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies παρὰ - 70
continually and without pause, until the Achaeans
Metre
αἰὲνἐγὼτεύχοιμι‖διαμπερὲςεἰςὅἈχαιοὶ
αἰὲνalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to τεύχοιμιἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of τεύχοιμιτεύχοιμιwould bring aboutτεύχω · present active optative, 1st singular verbmain verbδιαμπερὲςwithout pauseδιαμπερές · adverbadverbial to τεύχοιμιεἰςuntilεἰς · prepositionprepositionὅwhichὅς · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to εἰςκwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἈχαιοὶthe AchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἕλοιεν - 71
take steep Ilion through the plans of Athena.
Metre
Ἴλιοναἰπὺἕλοιεν‖Ἀθηναίηςδιὰβουλάς
ἼλιονIlionἼλιος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἕλοιεναἰπὺsteepαἰπύς · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies Ἴλιονἕλοιενtakeαἱρέω · aorist active optative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to τεύχοιμιἈθηναίηςAthenaἈθήνη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies βουλάςδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionβουλάςcounselsβουλή · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to διὰ - 72
Before that, I will neither cease my anger nor allow any other
Metre
τὸπρὶνοὔτἄρἐγὼ‖παύωχόλονοὔτέτινἄλλον
τὸformerlyὁ · accusative singular neuter articlemodifies πρὶνπρὶνbeforeπρίν · adverbadverbial to οὔτέδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of οὔτέπαύωceaseπαύω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbχόλονangerχόλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of παύωοὔτέnorοὔτε · adverbcoordinating wordτινanyoneτις · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀμυνέμενἄλλονelseἄλλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τιν̓ - 73
of the immortals to defend the Danaans here
Metre
ἀθανάτωνΔαναοῖσιν‖ἀμυνέμενἐνθάδἐάσω
ἀθανάτωνof the immortalsἀθάνατος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τιν̓Δαναοῖσινthe DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀμυνέμενἀμυνέμενto defendἀμύνω · present active infinitiveobject of ἐάσωἐνθάδhereἐνθάδε · adverbadverbial to ἀμυνέμενἐάσωallowἐάω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 74
until the desire of Peleus' son has been fulfilled,
Metre
πρίνγετὸΠηλεΐδαο‖τελευτηθῆναιἐέλδωρ
πρίνuntilπρίν · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleτὸtheὁ · accusative singular neuter articlemodifies ἐέλδωρΠηλεΐδαοPeleus’ sonΠηλείδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἐέλδωρτελευτηθῆναιhas been fulfilledτελευτάω · aorist passive infinitiveadverbial to πρίνἐέλδωρdesireἔλδωρ · accusative singular neuter nounsubject of τελευτηθῆναι - 75
as I first promised him and nodded assent with my head
Metre
ὥςοἱὑπέστηνπρῶτον‖ἐμῷἐπένευσακάρητι
ὥςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to δ̓οἱfor herἕ · dative singular feminine pronounobject of ὑπέστηνὑπέστηνI promisedὑφίστημι · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbadverbial to δ̓πρῶτονfirstπρῶτος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ὑπέστηνἐμῷmyἐμός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κάρητιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπένευσαnodded assentἐπινεύω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbadverbial to δ̓κάρητιwith my headκάρα · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐπένευσα - 76
on the day when the goddess Thetis clasped my knees,
Metre
ἤματιτῷὅτἐμεῖο‖θεὰΘέτιςἥψατογούνων
ἤματιdayἦμαρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐπένευσατῷthatὁ · dative singular neuter pronounmodifies ἤματιὅτwhenὅτε · adverbadverbial to ἥψατοἐμεῖοmyἐγώ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies γούνωνθεὰgoddessθεά · nominative singular feminine nounmodifies ΘέτιςΘέτιςThetisΘέτις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἥψατοἥψατοtouchedἅπτω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἤματιγούνωνkneesγόνυ · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἥψατο - 77
begging him to honor Achilles, sacker of cities."
Metre
λισσομένητιμῆσαι‖Ἀχιλλῆαπτολίπορθον
λισσομένηentreatingλίσσομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἥψατοτιμῆσαιhonorτιμάω · aorist active infinitiveobject of λισσομένηἈχιλλῆαAchillesἈχιλλεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τιμῆσαιπτολίπορθονsacker of citiesπτολίπορθος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχιλλῆα - 78
So he spoke, and the goddess white-armed Hera did not disobey,
Metre
ὣςἔφατοὐδἀπίθησε‖θεὰλευκώλενοςἭρη
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀπίθησεdid not disobeyἀπιθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθεὰgoddessθεά · nominative singular feminine nounmodifies Ἥρηλευκώλενοςwhite-armedλευκώλενος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἭρηἭρηHeraἭρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἀπίθησε - 79
and went from the mountains of Ida to high Olympus.
Metre
βῆἐξἸδαίων‖ὀρέωνἐςμακρὸνὌλυμπον
βῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionἸδαίωνof IdaἸδαῖος · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies ὀρέωνὀρέωνmountainsὄρος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἐξἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionμακρὸνtallμακρός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὌλυμπονὌλυμπονOlympusὌλυμπος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐς - 80
As when the mind of a man darts, a man who over much
ὡςasὡς · adverbemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅτwhenὅτε · adverbadverbial to ἀΐξῃἂνwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἀΐξῃdartsἀίσσω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to διέπτατονόοςmindνόος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀΐξῃἀνέροςof a manἀνήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies νόοςὅςwhoeverὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of τετandτε · particlesentence particleἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionπολλὴνabundantπολύς · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies γαῖαν - 81
land has traveled, and in his shrewd thoughts reflects,
Metre
γαῖανἐληλουθὼς‖φρεσὶπευκαλίμῃσινοήσῃ
γαῖανlandγαῖα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπὶἐληλουθὼςhas traveledἔρχομαι · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to νοήσῃφρεσὶin his mindφρήν · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to νοήσῃπευκαλίμῃσιprudentπευκάλιμος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies φρεσὶνοήσῃreflectsνοέω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τε - 82
"Would I were here, or there," and desires many things,
Metre
ἔνθεἴηνἢἔνθα‖μενοινήῃσίτεπολλά
ἔνθhereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἢεἴηνwould I beεἰμί · present active optative, 1st singular verbobject of νοήσῃἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἔνθαthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἢμενοινήῃσίdesiresμενοινάω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordπολλάmanyπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of μενοινήῃσί - 83
so swiftly in her eagerness queenly Hera flew.
Metre
ὣςκραιπνῶςμεμαυῖα‖διέπτατοπότνιαἭρη
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to διέπτατοκραιπνῶςswiftlyκραιπνός · adverbadverbial to διέπτατομεμαυῖαeagerμέμαα · perfect active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to διέπτατοδιέπτατοflewδιαπέταμαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπότνιαqueenlyπότνια · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἭρηἭρηHeraἭρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of διέπτατο - 84
She reached steep Olympus and came among the assembled
Metre
ἵκετοαἰπὺνὌλυμπον‖ὁμηγερέεσσιἐπῆλθεν
ἵκετοreachedἱκνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleαἰπὺνsteepαἰπύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὌλυμπονὌλυμπονOlympusὌλυμπος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἵκετοὁμηγερέεσσιassembledὁμηγερής · dative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπῆλθενcameἐπέρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 85
immortal gods in Zeus's house; when they saw her,
Metre
ἀθανάτοισιθεοῖσι‖Διὸςδόμῳοἳδὲἰδόντες
ἀθανάτοισιimmortalἀθάνατος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοῖσιθεοῖσιgodsθεός · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐπῆλθενΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies δόμῳδόμῳhouseδόμος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐπῆλθενοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of καὶδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleἰδόντεςseeingεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to καὶ - 86
they all sprang up and offered their cups in greeting.
Metre
πάντεςἀνήϊξαν‖καὶδεικανόωντοδέπασσιν
πάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies οἳἀνήϊξανsprang upἀναίσσω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordδεικανόωντοoffered in greetingδεικανάω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδέπασσινtheir cupsδέπας · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to δεικανόωντο - 87
She let the others be, but from fair-cheeked Themis
Metre
ἣἄλλουςμὲνἔασε‖Θέμιστιδὲκαλλιπαρῄῳ
ἣsheὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of δὲδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄλλουςothersἄλλος · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἔασεμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἔασεleftἐάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΘέμιστιfrom ThemisΘέμις · dative singular feminine nounobject of δέκτοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαλλιπαρῄῳfair-cheekedκαλλιπάρηος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Θέμιστι - 88
she took a cup, for Themis first came running to meet her,
Metre
δέκτοδέπαςπρώτη‖γὰρἐναντίηἦλθεθέουσα
δέκτοshe tookδέχομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέπαςcupδέπας · accusative singular neuter nounobject of δέκτοπρώτηfirstπρῶτος · nominative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐναντίηto meet herἐναντίος · nominative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementἦλθεcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθέουσαrunningθέω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἦλθε - 89
and speaking to her, she addressed her with winged words:
Metre
καίμινφωνήσασ‖ἔπεαπτερόενταπροσηύδα
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμινherμιν · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of προσηύδαφωνήσασspeakingφωνέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to προσηύδαἔπεαwordsἔπος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of προσηύδαπτερόενταwingedπτερόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔπεαπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 90
"Hera, why have you come? You look distraught.
Metre
Ἥρητίπτεβέβηκας‖ἀτυζομένῃδὲἔοικας
ἭρηHeraἭρα · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided headτίπτεwhyτίπτε · adverbadverbial to βέβηκαςβέβηκαςhave you comeβαίνω · perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἀτυζομένῃdistraughtἀτύζω · present medio-passive participle, dative singular feminineobject of ἔοικαςδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔοικαςyou lookἔοικα · perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 91
Surely the son of Cronos, your husband, has frightened you."
Metre
ἦμάλαδήἐφόβησε‖Κρόνουπάϊςὅςτοιἀκοίτης
ἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleμάλαveryμάλα · adverbadverbial to ἐφόβησεδήindeedδή · particlesentence particleσyouσύ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ἐφόβησεἐφόβησεhas frightenedφοβέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΚρόνουof CronosΚρόνος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πάϊςπάϊςsonπαῖς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐφόβησεὅςwho isὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectτοιyourσύ · dative singular feminine pronounadverbialἀκοίτηςhusbandἀκοίτης · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate noun - 92
Then the goddess white-armed Hera answered her:
Metre
τὴνἠμείβετἔπειτα‖θεὰλευκώλενοςἭρη
τὴνherὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ἠμείβετ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἠμείβετansweredἀμείβω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἠμείβετ̓θεὰgoddessθεά · nominative singular feminine nounmodifies Ἥρηλευκώλενοςwhite-armedλευκώλενος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἭρηἭρηHeraἭρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἠμείβετ̓ - 93
"Goddess Themis, do not question me about these things; you yourself know
Metre
μήμεθεὰΘέμιταῦτα‖διείρεοοἶσθακαὶαὐτὴ
μήdo notμή · adverbemphasizing particleμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of διείρεοθεὰgoddessθεά · vocative singular feminine nounmodifies ΘέμιΘέμιThemisθέμις · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided headταῦταthese thingsοὗτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of διείρεοδιείρεοquestionδιείρομαι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbοἶσθαknowοἶδα · perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleαὐτὴyourselfαὐτός · nominative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 94
what an overbearing and pitiless spirit he has.
Metre
οἷοςκείνουθυμὸς‖ὑπερφίαλοςκαὶἀπηνής
οἷοςwhat kindοἷος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies καὶκείνουhisκεῖνος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμὸςθυμὸςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectὑπερφίαλοςoverweeningὑπερφίαλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀπηνήςpitilessἀπηνής · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 95
But you, begin the fair-shared feast for the gods within the hall;
Metre
ἀλλὰσύἄρχεθεοῖσι‖δόμοιςἔνιδαιτὸςἐΐσης
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleσύyouσύ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἄρχεγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἄρχεbeginἄρχω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbθεοῖσιfor the godsθεός · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἄρχεδόμοιςhallsδόμος · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἔνιἔνιinἐν · prepositionprepositionδαιτὸςfeastδαίτης · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἄρχεἐΐσηςfair-sharedἔισος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies δαιτὸς - 96
and along with all the immortals you shall hear these things,
Metre
ταῦταδὲκαὶμετὰπᾶσιν‖ἀκούσεαιἀθανάτοισιν
ταῦταthese thingsοὗτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἀκούσεαιδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionπᾶσινallπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀθανάτοισινἀκούσεαιyou shall hearἀκούω · future middle indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἀθανάτοισινimmortalsἀθάνατος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to μετὰ - 97
the evil works Zeus is revealing; nor do I think
Metre
οἷαΖεὺςκακὰἔργα‖πιφαύσκεταιοὐδέτίφημι
οἷαwhatοἷος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔργαΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πιφαύσκεταικακὰevilκακός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔργαἔργαdeedsἔργον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of πιφαύσκεταιπιφαύσκεταιis revealingπιφαύσκω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ταῦτατίanythingτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to κεχαρησέμενφημιI thinkφημί · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 98
every heart alike will rejoice, whether among mortals
Metre
πᾶσινὁμῶςθυμὸν‖κεχαρησέμενοὔτεβροτοῖσιν
πᾶσινeveryπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ,ὁμῶςalikeὁμῶς · adverbadverbial to κεχαρησέμενθυμὸνheartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounsubject of κεχαρησέμενκεχαρησέμενwill rejoiceχαίρω · future perfect active infinitiveobject of φημιβροτοῖσινto mortalsβροτός · dative plural masculine nounmodifies τε - 99
or gods, though someone even now may feast in gladness."
Metre
οὔτεθεοῖςεἴπέρ‖τιςἔτινῦνδαίνυταιεὔφρων
θεοῖςgodsθεός · dative plural masculine nounmodifies τεεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπέρindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleτιςsomeoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δαίνυταιἔτιstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to δαίνυταινῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to δαίνυταιδαίνυταιmay feastδαίνυμι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἴεὔφρωνgladlyεὔφρων · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 100
So speaking, queenly Hera sat down,
Metre
ἣμὲνἄρὣςεἰποῦσα‖καθέζετοπότνιαἭρη
ἣtheὁ · nominative singular feminine articlemodifies Ἥρημὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰποῦσαεἰποῦσαspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to καθέζετοκαθέζετοsatκαθέζομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπότνιαqueenlyπότνια · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἭρηἭρηHeraἭρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καθέζετο - 101
and the gods were troubled throughout Zeus's house; but she smiled
Metre
ὄχθησανἀνὰδῶμα‖Διὸςθεοίἣἐγέλασσε
ὄχθησανtroubledὀχθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀνὰthroughἀνά · prepositionprepositionδῶμαhouseδῶμα · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἀνὰΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies δῶμαθεοίgodsθεός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ὄχθησανἣsheὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἐγέλασσεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐγέλασσεsmiledγελάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 102
with her lips, though her forehead above her dark brows did not
Metre
χείλεσινοὐδὲμέτωπον‖ἐπὀφρύσικυανέῃσιν
χείλεσινwith her lipsχεῖλος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐγέλασσεμέτωπονforeheadμέτωπον · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἰάνθηἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionὀφρύσιbrowsὀφρύς · dative plural feminine nounmodifies ἐπ̓κυανέῃσινdarkκυάνεος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ὀφρύσι - 103
soften; indignant with them all, she spoke:
Metre
ἰάνθηπᾶσιν‖δὲνεμεσσηθεῖσαμετηύδα
ἰάνθηsoftenedἰαίνω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπᾶσινwith them allπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of μετηύδαδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordνεμεσσηθεῖσαindignantνεμεσάω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to μετηύδαμετηύδαspokeμεταυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 104
"Fools are we, who rage against Zeus in our folly!
Metre
νήπιοιοἳΖηνὶ‖μενεαίνομενἀφρονέοντες
νήπιοιfoolsνήπιος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounοἳwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of μενεαίνομενΖηνὶZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of μενεαίνομενμενεαίνομενwe rageμενεαίνω · present active indicative, 1st plural verbsubjectἀφρονέοντεςin our follyἀφρονέω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to μενεαίνομεν - 105
Do we still mean to draw near and try to stop him
Metre
ἦἔτιμινμέμαμεν‖καταπαυσέμενἆσσονἰόντες
ἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleἔτιstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to μέμαμενμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of καταπαυσέμενμέμαμενdo we meanμέμαα · perfect active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbκαταπαυσέμενto stopκαταπαύω · future active infinitiveobject of μέμαμενἆσσονcloserἆσσον · adverbobject of ἰόντεςἰόντεςadvancingεἶμι · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to μέμαμεν - 106
by word or force? But he sits apart and does not care
Metre
ἢἔπειἠὲβίῃ‖ὃἀφήμενοςοὐκἀλεγίζει
ἢorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleἔπειwordἔπος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἠὲἠὲorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordβίῃby forceβία · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἠὲὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἀφήμενοςsitting apartἄφημαι · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δ̓οὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἀλεγίζειdoes not careἀλεγίζω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 107
or heed us, for he says that among the immortal gods
Metre
οὐδὄθεταιφησὶν‖γὰρἐνἀθανάτοισιθεοῖσι
ὄθεταιheed usὄθομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφησὶνhe saysφημί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionἀθανάτοισιimmortalἀθάνατος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοῖσιθεοῖσιgodsθεός · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἐν - 108
he is far the best in strength and might.
Metre
κάρτεΐτεσθένεΐ‖τεδιακριδὸνεἶναιἄριστος
κάρτεΐin strengthκάρτος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to τετεandτε · particlesentence particleσθένεΐin mightσθένος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordδιακριδὸνby farδιακριδόν · adverbadverbial to εἶναιεἶναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of φησὶνἄριστοςbestἄριστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 109
So endure whatever evil he may send to each one of you.
Metre
τὼἔχεθὅττίκενὔμμι‖κακὸνπέμπῃσινἑκάστῳ
τὼthereforeτῷ · adverbsentence particleἔχεθendureἔχω · present active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbὅττίthatὅστις · accusative singular neuter pronounmodifies κακὸνκενwouldἄν · particlesentence particleὔμμιfor youσύ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of πέμπῃσινκακὸνevilκακός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveobject of πέμπῃσινπέμπῃσινhe may sendπέμπω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbobject of ἔχεθ̓ἑκάστῳeachἕκαστος · dative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 110
Already now I expect that woe has come to Ares,
Metre
ἤδηγὰρνῦνἔλπομ‖Ἄρηΐγεπῆματετύχθαι
ἤδηalreadyἤδη · adverbadverbial to ἔλπομ̓γὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἔλπομ̓ἔλπομI expectἔλπω · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἌρηΐAresἌρης · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to τετύχθαιγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleπῆμαbaneπῆμα · accusative singular neuter nounsubject of τετύχθαιτετύχθαιhas comeτεύχω · perfect medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἔλπομ̓ - 111
for his son has perished in battle, dearest to him of men,
Metre
υἱὸςγάροἱὄλωλε‖μάχῃἔνιφίλτατοςἀνδρῶν
υἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀσκάλαφοςγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies υἱὸςὄλωλεis lostὄλλυμι · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμάχῃin battleμάχη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἔνιἔνιinἐν · prepositionprepositionφίλτατοςdearestφίλτατος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀσκάλαφοςἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies φίλτατος - 112
Ascalaphus, whom mighty Ares claims as his own."
Metre
Ἀσκάλαφοςτόνφησιν‖ὃνἔμμεναιὄβριμοςἌρης
ἈσκάλαφοςAscalaphusἈσκάλαφος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὄλωλετόνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔμμεναιφησινhe claimsφημί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἀσκάλαφοςὃνhis ownἑός · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἔμμεναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of φησινὄβριμοςmightyὄβριμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἌρηςἌρηςAresἌρης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of φησιν - 113
So she spoke; but Ares struck both sturdy thighs
Metre
ὣςἔφαταὐτὰρἌρης‖θαλερὼπεπλήγετομηρὼ
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατshe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαὐτὰρandἀτάρ · conjunctionsentence particleἌρηςAresἌρης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πεπλήγετοθαλερὼvigorousθαλερός · accusative dual masculine adjectivemodifies μηρὼπεπλήγετοstruckπλήσσω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμηρὼthighsμηρός · accusative dual masculine nounobject of πεπλήγετο - 114
with hands outstretched, and lamenting he spoke:
χερσὶhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to πεπλήγετοκαταπρηνέσσoutstretchedκαταπρηνής · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies χερσὶὀλοφυρόμενοςlamentingὀλοφύρομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ηὔδαδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔποςa wordἔπος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ηὔδαηὔδαspokeαὐδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 115
"Do not now be angry with me, you who hold homes on Olympus,
Metre
μὴνῦνμοινεμεσήσετ‖Ὀλύμπιαδώματἔχοντες
μὴnotμή · particleemphasizing particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to νεμεσήσετ̓μοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of νεμεσήσετ̓νεμεσήσετbe angryνεμεσάω · aorist active subjunctive, 2nd plural verbmain verbὈλύμπιαof OlympusὈλύμπιος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δώματ̓δώματhallsδῶμα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔχοντεςἔχοντεςholdingἔχω · present active participle, vocative plural masculinegoverned by an elided head - 116
if I go to the Achaeans' ships to avenge my son's murder,
Metre
τίσασθαιφόνονυἷος‖ἰόντἐπὶνῆαςἈχαιῶν
τίσασθαιto avengeτίνω · aorist middle infinitiveobject of νεμεσήσετ̓φόνονthe deathφόνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τίσασθαιυἷοςof my sonυἱός · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies φόνονἰόντif I goεἶμι · present active participle, accusative singular masculineadverbial to τίσασθαιἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπὶἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies νῆας - 117
even if it is my fate, struck by Zeus's thunderbolt,
Metre
εἴπέρμοικαὶμοῖρα‖Διὸςπληγέντικεραυνῷ
εἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπέρindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleμοιfor meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbialκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleμοῖραfateμοῖρα · nominative singular feminine nounpredicate nounΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κεραυνῷπληγέντιstruck byπλήσσω · aorist passive participle, dative singular masculinecircumstantial complementκεραυνῷthunderboltκεραυνός · dative singular masculine nounobject of πληγέντι - 118
to lie among the corpses, together amid blood and dust."
Metre
κεῖσθαιὁμοῦνεκύεσσι‖μεθαἵματικαὶκονίῃσιν
κεῖσθαιto lieκεῖμαι · present medio-passive infinitivesubjectὁμοῦtogetherὁμοῦ · adverbprepositionνεκύεσσιamong the corpsesνέκυς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ὁμοῦμεθamongμετά · prepositionprepositionαἵματιwith bloodαἷμα · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκονίῃσινthe dustκονία · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to καὶ - 119
So he spoke, and ordered Terror and Rout to yoke the horses,
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάτοφάτοhe spokeφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαίandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ζευγνύμενκέλετοorderedκέλομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΔεῖμόνTerrorΔεῖμος · accusative singular masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleΦόβονRoutΦόβος · accusative singular masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 120
while he himself put on his all-shining armor.
ζευγνύμενto yokeζεύγνυμι · present active infinitiveobject of κέλετοαὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔντεarmorἔντεα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐδύσετοἐδύσετοput onδύω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπαμφανόωνταall-shiningπαμφανόων · present active participle, accusative plural neutermodifies ἔντἐ - 121
Then another anger and wrath, still greater and more grievous,
Metre
ἔνθάἔτιμείζων‖τεκαὶἀργαλεώτεροςἄλλος
ἔνθάthenἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἐτύχθηκwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἔτιstillἔτι · adverbemphasizing particleμείζωνgreaterμέγας · nominative singular masculine comparative adjectivemodifies καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀργαλεώτεροςmore grievousἀργαλέος · nominative singular masculine comparative adjectivemodifies καὶἄλλοςanotherἄλλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies καὶ - 122
would have arisen from Zeus against the immortals,
Metre
πὰρΔιὸςἀθανάτοισι‖χόλοςκαὶμῆνιςἐτύχθη
πὰρfromπαρά · prepositionprepositionΔιὸςZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of πὰρἀθανάτοισιimmortalsἀθάνατος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐτύχθηχόλοςangerχόλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμῆνιςwrathμῆνις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶἐτύχθηaroseτεύχω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 123
had Athena not greatly feared for all the gods
Metre
εἰμὴἈθήνηπᾶσι‖περιδείσασαθεοῖσιν
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὴnotμή · particleemphasizing particleἈθήνηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of δ̓πᾶσιfor allπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοῖσινπεριδείσασαgreatly fearingπεριδείδω · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ὦρτοθεοῖσινgodsθεός · dative plural masculine nounobject of περιδείσασα - 124
and sprung out through the doorway, leaving the throne where she sat.
Metre
ὦρτοδιὲκπροθύρου‖λίπεδὲθρόνονἔνθαθάασσε
ὦρτοsprangὄρνυμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓διὲκthroughδιέκ · prepositionprepositionπροθύρουthe doorwayπρόθυρον · genitive singular neuter nounobject of διὲκλίπεleftλείπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓δὲandδέ · particlesentence particleθρόνονthroneθρόνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of λίπεἔνθαthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to θάασσεθάασσεshe satθαάσσω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing θρόνον - 125
From his head she took the helmet, and the shield from his shoulders,
Metre
τοῦἀπὸμὲνκεφαλῆς‖κόρυθεἵλετοκαὶσάκοςὤμων
τοῦhisὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies κεφαλῆςδandδέ · particlesentence particleἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκεφαλῆςheadκεφαλή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἀπὸκόρυθthe helmetκόρυς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἵλετοεἵλετοtookαἱρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordσάκοςshieldσάκος · accusative singular neuter nounobjectὤμωνshouldersὦμος · genitive plural masculine nounobject - 126
and took the spear from his strong hand and set it down,
ἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔστησεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔστησεshe set downἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓στιβαρῆςstrongστιβαρός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies χειρὸςἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionχειρὸςhis handχείρ · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἀπὸἑλοῦσαtakingαἱρέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἔστησε - 127
the bronze weapon; then with words she rebuked furious Ares:
Metre
χάλκεονἣἐπέεσσι‖καθάπτετοθοῦρονἌρηα
χάλκεονbronzeχάλκεος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςἣsheὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of καθάπτετοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπέεσσιwith wordsἔπος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to καθάπτετοκαθάπτετοrebukedκαθάπτω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθοῦρονfuriousθοῦρος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἌρηαἌρηαAresἌρης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καθάπτετο - 128
"Madman, witless in mind, you are ruined! Surely in vain
Metre
μαινόμενεφρέναςἠλὲ‖διέφθοραςἦνύτοιαὔτως
μαινόμενεmadmanμαίνομαι · present medio-passive participle, vocative singular masculinegoverned by an elided headφρέναςheartφρήν · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἠλὲἠλὲwitlessἠλεός · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies μαινόμενεδιέφθοραςyou are ruinedδιαφθείρω · perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleνύnowνῦν · adverbsentence particleτοιyouσύ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἐστίαὔτωςin vainαὔτως · adverbadverbial to ἐστί - 129
you have ears to hear; your mind and shame are lost.
οὔατearsοὖς · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of ἐστίἀκουέμενto hearἀκούω · present active infinitivemodifies οὔατ̓ἐστίthere areεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνόοςmindνόος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπόλωλεis lostἀπόλλυμι · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordαἰδώςshameαἰδώς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶ - 130
Do you not hear what the goddess white-armed Hera says,
Metre
οὐκἀΐειςἅτέφησι‖θεὰλευκώλενοςἭρη
οὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἀΐειςdo you hearἀίω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἅwhatὅς · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of φησιτέandτε · particlesentence particleφησιsaysφημί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of ἀΐειςθεὰgoddessθεά · nominative singular feminine nounmodifies Ἥρηλευκώλενοςwhite-armedλευκώλενος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἭρηἭρηHeraἭρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of φησι - 131
who has now come straight from Olympian Zeus?
Metre
ἣδὴνῦνπὰρΖηνὸς‖Ὀλυμπίουεἰλήλουθεν
ἣwhoὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of εἰλήλουθενδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to εἰλήλουθενπὰρfromπαρά · prepositionprepositionΖηνὸςZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of πὰρὈλυμπίουof OlympusὈλύμπιος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ζηνὸςεἰλήλουθενcameἔρχομαι · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἥρη - 132
Or do you wish, after suffering many evils yourself,
Metre
ἦἐθέλειςαὐτὸς‖μὲνἀναπλήσαςκακὰπολλὰ
ἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleἐθέλειςdo you wishἐθέλω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbαὐτὸςyourselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἀναπλήσαςafter sufferingἀναπίμπλημι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἴμενκακὰevilsκακός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἀναπλήσαςπολλὰmanyπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies κακὰ - 133
to return to Olympus under compulsion, grief-stricken though you are,
Metre
ἂψἴμενΟὔλυμπον‖δὲκαὶἀχνύμενόςπερἀνάγκῃ
ἂψbackἄψ · adverbobject of ἴμενἴμενto goεἶμι · present active infinitiveobject of αὐτὰρΟὔλυμπονOlympusὌλυμπος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἴμενδὲandδέ · particleemphasizing particleκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἀχνύμενόςgrievingἀχεύω · present passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἴμενπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἀνάγκῃby forceἀνάγκη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἴμεν - 134
and sow great evil for all the rest of us?
Metre
αὐτὰρτοῖςἄλλοισι‖κακὸνμέγαπᾶσιφυτεῦσαι
αὐτὰρandἀτάρ · conjunctioncoordinating wordτοῖςtheὁ · dative plural masculine articlemodifies ἄλλοισιἄλλοισιotherἄλλος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of φυτεῦσαικακὸνevilκακός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveobject of φυτεῦσαιμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κακὸνπᾶσιallπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἄλλοισιφυτεῦσαιsowφυτεύω · aorist active infinitiveobject of αὐτὰρ - 135
For at once he will leave the high-hearted Trojans and Achaeans
Metre
αὐτίκαγὰρΤρῶας‖μὲνὑπερθύμουςκαὶἈχαιοὺς
αὐτίκαat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to λείψειγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleΤρῶαςTrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleὑπερθύμουςhigh-heartedὑπέρθυμος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρῶαςκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἈχαιοὺςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶ - 136
and come to throw us into turmoil on Olympus,
Metre
λείψειὃἡμέαςεἶσι‖κυδοιμήσωνἐςὌλυμπον
λείψειwill leaveλείπω · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἶσιδandδέ · particlesentence particleἡμέαςusἐγώ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of κυδοιμήσωνεἶσιwill comeεἶμι · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκυδοιμήσωνthrow into turmoilκυδοιμέω · future active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἶσιἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionὌλυμπονOlympusὌλυμπος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐς - 137
and seize us one after another, guilty and guiltless alike.
μάρψειwill seizeμάρπτω · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἑξείηςone after anotherἑξείης · adverbadverbial to μάρψειὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectτandτε · particlesentence particleαἴτιοςresponsibleαἴτιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleοὐκίnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particle - 138
Therefore now I command you to let go your anger for your son.
Metre
τώαὖνῦνκέλομαι‖μεθέμενχόλονυἷοςἑῆος
τώthereforeτῷ · adverbsentence particleσyouσύ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of μεθέμεναὖin turnαὖ · adverbsentence particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to κέλομαικέλομαιI commandκέλομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbμεθέμενlet goμεθίημι · aorist active infinitiveobject of κέλομαιχόλονangerχόλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of μεθέμενυἷοςof your sonυἱός · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies χόλονἑῆοςyour ownἑός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἷος - 139
Already someone better than he in might and strength of hand
Metre
ἤδηγάρτιςτοῦ‖γεβίηνκαὶχεῖραςἀμείνων
ἤδηalreadyἤδη · adverbadverbial to πέφατ̓γάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτιςsomeoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἢτοῦthan heὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἀμείνωνγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleβίηνin strengthβία · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordχεῖραςhandsχείρ · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to καὶἀμείνωνbetterἀμείνων · nominative singular masculine comparative adjectivemodifies τις - 140
has been killed, or will be killed hereafter; and it is hard
Metre
ἢπέφατἢκαὶἔπειτα‖πεφήσεταιἀργαλέονδὲ
ἢeitherἤ · conjunctionsentence particleπέφατbeen killedθείνω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἔπειταhereafterἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to πεφήσεταιπεφήσεταιwill be killedφαίνω · future perfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀργαλέονdifficultἀργαλέος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating word - 141
to save the lineage and offspring of every man."
Metre
πάντωνἀνθρώπων‖ῥῦσθαιγενεήντετόκοντε
πάντωνof allπᾶς · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνθρώπωνἀνθρώπωνmenἄνθρωπος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τεῥῦσθαιto saveῥύομαι · aorist medio-passive infinitivesubjectγενεήνlineageγενεά · accusative singular feminine nounobject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleτόκονoffspringτόκος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 142
So speaking, she seated furious Ares upon his throne.
Metre
ὣςεἰποῦσἵδρυσε‖θρόνῳἔνιθοῦρονἌρηα
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰποῦσ̓εἰποῦσspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἵδρυσεἵδρυσεshe seatedἱδρύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθρόνῳthroneθρόνος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἔνιἔνιinἐν · prepositionprepositionθοῦρονfuriousθοῦρος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἌρηαἌρηαAresἌρης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἵδρυσε - 143
Then Hera called Apollo outside the house,
ἭρηHeraἭρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καίδandδέ · particlesentence particleἈπόλλωναApolloἈπόλλων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of θ̓καλέσσατοcalledκαλέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδώματοςof the houseδῶμα · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἐκτὸςἐκτὸςoutsideἐκτός · prepositionpreposition - 144
and Iris, who is messenger among the immortal gods,
Metre
Ἶρίνἥτεθεοῖσι‖μετάγγελοςἀθανάτοισι
ἾρίνIrisἾρις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of θ̓θandτε · particlecoordinating wordἥwhoὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubjectτεandτε · particlesentence particleθεοῖσιgodsθεός · dative plural masculine nounadverbialμετάγγελοςmessengerμετάγγελος · nominative singular feminine nounpredicate nounἀθανάτοισιimmortalἀθάνατος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοῖσι - 145
and speaking, she addressed them with winged words:
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordσφεαςthemσφεῖς · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of προσηύδαφωνήσασspeakingφωνέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to προσηύδαἔπεαwordsἔπος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of προσηύδαπτερόενταwingedπτερόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔπεαπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 146
"Zeus bids you two go to Ida as quickly as possible;
Metre
ΖεὺςσφὼεἰςἼδην‖κέλετἐλθέμενὅττιτάχιστα
ΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κέλετ̓σφὼyou twoσφεῖς · accusative dual masculine pronounsubject of ἐλθέμενεἰςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἼδηνIdaἼδη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἰςκέλετbidsκέλομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐλθέμενgoἔρχομαι · aorist active infinitiveobject of κέλετ̓ὅττιas possibleὅστις · accusative singular neuter pronounemphasizing particleτάχισταquicklyταχύς · accusative plural neuter superlative adjectiveadverbial to ἐλθέμεν - 147
and when you have come and looked upon the face of Zeus,
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐπὴνwhenἐπήν · adverbadverbial to τ̓ἔλθητεyou have comeἔρχομαι · aorist active subjunctive, 2nd plural verbadverbial to τ̓Διόςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ὦπατandτε · particlecoordinating wordεἰςinεἰς · prepositionemphasizing particleὦπαfaceὤψ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἴδησθεἴδησθεlookedεἶδον · aorist active subjunctive, 2nd plural verbadverbial to τ̓ - 148
do whatever he may urge and command."
Metre
ἕρδεινὅττίκεκεῖνος‖ἐποτρύνῃκαὶἀνώγῃ
ἕρδεινdoἔρδω · present active infinitivemain verbὅττίwhateverὅστις · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of καὶκεmayἄν · particlesentence particleκεῖνοςheκεῖνος · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καὶἐποτρύνῃmay urgeἐποτρύνω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀνώγῃcommandἄνωγα · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbobject of καὶ - 149
So speaking, queenly Hera went back again
Metre
ἣμὲνἄρὣςεἰποῦσα‖πάλινκίεπότνιαἭρη
ἣtheὁ · nominative singular feminine articlemodifies Ἥρημὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰποῦσαεἰποῦσαspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to δ̓πάλινbackπάλιν · adverbobject of κίεκίεwentκίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπότνιαqueenlyπότνια · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἭρηἭρηHeraἭρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of δ̓ - 150
and sat upon her throne; the two sprang up and flew.
Metre
ἕζετοεἰνὶθρόνῳ‖τὼἀΐξαντεπετέσθην
ἕζετοsat downἕζομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordεἰνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionθρόνῳthroneθρόνος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to εἰνὶτὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of πετέσθηνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀΐξαντεdartingἀίσσω · aorist active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to πετέσθηνπετέσθηνflew onwardπέτομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verb - 151
They reached many-springed Ida, mother of wild beasts,
Metre
Ἴδηνἵκανον‖πολυπίδακαμητέραθηρῶν
ἼδηνIdaἼδη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἵκανονδandδέ · particlesentence particleἵκανονreachedἱκάνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπολυπίδακαmany-fountainedπολυπῖδαξ · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἴδηνμητέραmotherμήτηρ · accusative singular feminine nounmodifies Ἴδηνθηρῶνof wild beastsθήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies μητέρα - 152
and found the wide-thundering son of Cronos upon highest Gargaron,
εὗρονfoundεὑρίσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordεὐρύοπαwide-thunderingεὐρύοπα · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΚρονίδηνΚρονίδηνson of CronosΚρονίδης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εὗρονἀνὰthroughἀνά · prepositionprepositionΓαργάρῳGargaronΓάργαρον · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἀνὰἄκρῳhighἄκρος · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies Γαργάρῳ - 153
seated; around him a fragrant cloud was wreathed.
Metre
ἥμενονἀμφὶδέμιν‖θυόεννέφοςἐστεφάνωτο
ἥμενονsittingἧμαι · perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἀμφὶθυόενfragrantθυόεις · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies νέφοςνέφοςcloudνέφος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἐστεφάνωτοἐστεφάνωτοwas wreathedστεφανόω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 154
The two came before Zeus the cloud-gatherer
Metre
τὼδὲπάροιθἐλθόντε‖Διὸςνεφεληγερέταο
τὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of στήτηνδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπάροιθin frontπάροιθε · prepositionprepositionἐλθόντεcameἔρχομαι · aorist active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to στήτηνΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to πάροιθ̓νεφεληγερέταοcloud-gathererνεφεληγερέτα · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Διὸς - 155
and stood; when he saw them, he was not angered in his heart,
Metre
στήτηνοὐδέσφωϊν‖ἰδὼνἐχολώσατοθυμῷ
στήτηνstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbσφωϊνthemσφεῖς · dative dual masculine pronounobject of ἐχολώσατοἰδὼνseeingεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐχολώσατοἐχολώσατοwas angeredχολόω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθυμῷheartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐχολώσατο - 156
because they had swiftly obeyed the words of his dear wife.
Metre
ὅττίοἱὦκἐπέεσσι‖φίληςἀλόχοιοπιθέσθην
ὅττίbecauseὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοἱtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of πιθέσθηνὦκquicklyὦκα · adverbadverbial to πιθέσθηνἐπέεσσιwordsἔπος · dative plural neuter nounobject of πιθέσθηνφίληςdearφίλος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀλόχοιοἀλόχοιοwifeἄλοχος · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἐπέεσσιπιθέσθηνobeyedπείθω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verbadverbial to ὅττί - 157
First he addressed Iris with winged words:
Metre
Ἶρινδὲπροτέρην‖ἔπεαπτερόενταπροσηύδα
ἾρινIrisἾρις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of προσηύδαδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπροτέρηνfirstπρότερος · accusative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔπεαwordsἔπος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of προσηύδαπτερόενταwingedπτερόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔπεαπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 158
"Go now, swift Iris, and tell lord Poseidon
Metre
βάσκἴθιἾριταχεῖα‖Ποσειδάωνιἄνακτι
βάσκgoβάσκω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbsentence particleἴθιgoεἶμι · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἾριIrisἾρις · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided headταχεῖαswiftταχύς · vocative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἾριΠοσειδάωνιPoseidonΠοσειδεών · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἀγγεῖλαιἄνακτιlordἄναξ · dative singular masculine nounmodifies Ποσειδάωνι - 159
all these things, and do not be a false messenger.
Metre
πάντατάδἀγγεῖλαι‖μὴδὲψευδάγγελοςεἶναι
πάνταallπᾶς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τάδ̓τάδtheseὅδε · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of ἀγγεῖλαιἀγγεῖλαιtellἀγγέλλω · aorist active infinitivemain verbμὴnotμή · particleemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordψευδάγγελοςfalse messengerψευδάγγελος · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate nounεἶναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitivemain verb - 160
Command him to cease from battle and war
Metre
παυσάμενόνμινἄνωχθι‖μάχηςἠδὲπτολέμοιο
παυσάμενόνto ceaseπαύω · aorist middle participle, accusative singular masculineadverbial to ἔρχεσθαιμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔρχεσθαιἄνωχθιcommandἄνωγα · perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbμάχηςbattleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἠδὲἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordπτολέμοιοthe warπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἠδὲ - 161
to go among the tribes of gods or into the shining sea.
Metre
ἔρχεσθαιμετὰφῦλα‖θεῶνἢεἰςἅλαδῖαν
ἔρχεσθαιto goἔρχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἄνωχθιμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionφῦλαtribesφῦλον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of μετὰθεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies φῦλαἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordεἰςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἅλαseaἅλς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἰςδῖανbrightδῖος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἅλα - 162
But if he will not obey my words, but disregards them,
Metre
εἰδέμοιοὐκἐπέεσσ‖ἐπιπείσεταιἀλλἀλογήσει
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπιπείσεταιοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἐπέεσσwordsἔπος · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἐπιπείσεταιἐπιπείσεταιwill obeyἐπιπείθομαι · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἀλλ̓ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀλογήσειdisregards themἀλογέω · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἀλλ̓ - 163
then let him consider well in mind and spirit
Metre
φραζέσθωδὴἔπειτα‖κατὰφρένακαὶκατὰθυμὸν
φραζέσθωlet him considerφράζω · present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to φραζέσθωκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionφρέναhis heartφρήν · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to κατὰκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionθυμὸνheartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to κατὰ - 164
lest, strong though he is, he dare, when I come against him,
Metre
μήοὐδὲκρατερός‖περἐὼνἐπιόνταταλάσσῃ
μήlestμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of μεῖναικρατερόςmightyκρατερός · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἐὼνbeingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ταλάσσῃἐπιόνταwhen I comeἔπειμι · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementταλάσσῃdareτλάω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to μή - 165
to stand his ground, since I declare myself far stronger than he in might
Metre
μεῖναιἐπείεὑφημὶ‖βίῃπολὺφέρτεροςεἶναι
μεῖναιto stand firmμένω · aorist active infinitiveobject of ταλάσσῃἐπείsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionεὑthan himἕ · genitive singular masculine pronounadverbial to καὶφημὶI declareφημί · present active indicative, 1st singular verbadverbial to ἐπείβίῃby forceβία · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to φέρτεροςπολὺby farπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to φέρτεροςφέρτεροςstrongerφέρτατος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounεἶναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of φημὶ - 166
and earlier born; yet his dear heart does not shrink
Metre
καὶγενεῇπρότερος‖τοῦοὐκὄθεταιφίλονἦτορ
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordγενεῇby birthγενεά · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to πρότεροςπρότεροςearlierπρότερος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounτοῦhisὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies ἦτορδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleὄθεταιshrinksὄθομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφίλονdearφίλος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦτορἦτορheartἦτορ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ὄθεται - 167
from claiming equality with me, whom all the others dread."
Metre
ἶσονἐμοὶφάσθαι‖τόντεστυγέουσικαὶἄλλοι
ἶσονequalἴσος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to φάσθαιἐμοὶto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἶσονφάσθαιfrom claimingφημί · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ὄθεταιτόνwhomὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of στυγέουσιτεandτε · particlesentence particleστυγέουσιdreadστυγέω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἐμοὶκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἄλλοιothersἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of στυγέουσι - 168
So he spoke, and wind-footed swift Iris did not disobey,
Metre
ὣςἔφατοὐδἀπίθησε‖ποδήνεμοςὠκέαἾρις
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀπίθησεdid not disobeyἀπιθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbποδήνεμοςwind-footedποδήνεμος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἶριςὠκέαswiftὠκύς · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἾριςἾριςIrisἾρις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἀπίθησε - 169
but went down from the mountains of Ida to sacred Ilion.
Metre
βῆδὲκατἸδαίων‖ὀρέωνεἰςἼλιονἱρήν
βῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκατfromκατά · prepositionprepositionἸδαίωνof IdaἸδαῖος · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies ὀρέωνὀρέωνmountainsὄρος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of κατ̓εἰςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἼλιονIlionἼλιος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἰςἱρήνsacredἱρός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἴλιον - 170
As when from the clouds a flake of snow or hail flies,
Metre
ὡςὅτἂνἐκνεφέων‖πτῆταινιφὰςἠὲχάλαζα
ὡςasὡς · adverbemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlesentence particleὅτwhenὅτε · adverbadverbial to πτῆταιἂνwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionνεφέωνcloudsνέφος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἐκπτῆταιfliesπέτομαι · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὣςνιφὰςa snowflakeνιφάς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἠὲἠὲorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordχάλαζαhailχάλαζα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἠὲ - 171
cold beneath the blast of sky-born Boreas,
Metre
ψυχρὴὑπὸῥιπῆς‖αἰθρηγενέοςΒορέαο
ψυχρὴcoldψυχρός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χάλαζαὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionῥιπῆςthe blastῥιπή · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ὑπὸαἰθρηγενέοςsky-bornαἰθρηγενής · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΒορέαοΒορέαοBoreasΒορέας · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ῥιπῆς - 172
so swiftly in her eagerness swift Iris flew,
Metre
ὣςκραιπνῶςμεμαυῖα‖διέπτατοὠκέαἾρις
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to διέπτατοκραιπνῶςswiftlyκραιπνός · adverbadverbial to διέπτατομεμαυῖαeagerμέμαα · perfect active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to διέπτατοδιέπτατοflewδιαπέταμαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὠκέαswiftὠκύς · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἾριςἾριςIrisἾρις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of δ̓ - 173
and standing close beside him, addressed the famed shaker of earth:
Metre
ἀγχοῦἱσταμένη‖προσέφηκλυτὸνἐννοσίγαιον
ἀγχοῦclose beside himἀγχοῦ · adverbadverbial to ἱσταμένηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἱσταμένηstandingἵστημι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηaddressedπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκλυτὸνfamedκλυτός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἐννοσίγαιονἐννοσίγαιονEarth-shakerἘννοσίγαιος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προσέφη - 174
"Earth-holder, dark-haired god, I have come here bearing
Metre
ἀγγελίηντινάτοι‖γαιήοχεκυανοχαῖτα
ἀγγελίηνa messageἀγγελία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of φέρουσατινάsomeτις · accusative singular feminine pronounmodifies ἀγγελίηντοιfor youσύ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of φέρουσαγαιήοχεearth-holderγαιήοχος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies κυανοχαῖτακυανοχαῖταdark-hairedκυανοχαίτης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided head - 175
a message for you from aegis-bearing Zeus.
Metre
ἦλθονδεῦροφέρουσα‖παραὶΔιὸςαἰγιόχοιο
ἦλθονI have comeἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbδεῦροhereδεῦρο · adverbobject of ἦλθονφέρουσαcarryingφέρω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἦλθονπαραὶfromπαρά · prepositionprepositionΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of παραὶαἰγιόχοιοwho bears the aegisαἰγίοχος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Διὸς - 176
He commanded you to cease from battle and war
παυσάμενόνto ceaseπαύω · aorist middle participle, accusative singular masculineadverbial to ἔρχεσθαισyouσύ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔρχεσθαιἐκέλευσεorderedκελεύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμάχηςbattleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἠδὲἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordπτολέμοιοthe warπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἠδὲ - 177
to go among the tribes of gods or into the shining sea.
Metre
ἔρχεσθαιμετὰφῦλα‖θεῶνἢεἰςἅλαδῖαν
ἔρχεσθαιto goἔρχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἐκέλευσεμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionφῦλαtribesφῦλον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of μετὰθεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies φῦλαἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordεἰςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἅλαseaἅλς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἰςδῖανbrightδῖος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἅλα - 178
But if you will not obey his words, but disregard them,
Metre
εἰδέοἱοὐκἐπέεσσ‖ἐπιπείσεαιἀλλἀλογήσεις
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπιπείσεαιοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἐπέεσσwordsἔπος · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἐπιπείσεαιἐπιπείσεαιwill obeyἐπιπείθομαι · future middle indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ἀλλ̓ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀλογήσειςdisregard themἀλογέω · future active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ἀλλ̓ - 179
he threatened that he himself, to fight you face to face,
Metre
ἠπείλεικαὶκεῖνος‖ἐναντίβιονπολεμίξων
ἠπείλειthreatenedἀπειλέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶhimselfκαί · adverbemphasizing particleκεῖνοςheκεῖνος · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἠπείλειἐναντίβιονface to faceἐναντίβιος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to πολεμίξωνπολεμίξωνto fightπολεμίζω · future active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐλεύσεσθαι - 180
would come here; and he urges you to stay out of reach
Metre
ἐνθάδἐλεύσεσθαι‖σὲὑπεξαλέασθαιἄνωγε
ἐνθάδhereἐνθάδε · adverbobject of ἐλεύσεσθαιἐλεύσεσθαιwould comeἔρχομαι · future middle infinitiveobject of ἠπείλεισὲyouσύ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of ὑπεξαλέασθαιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὑπεξαλέασθαιstay out of reachὑπεξαλεύω · aorist middle infinitiveobject of ἄνωγεἄνωγεurgesἄνωγα · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 181
of his hands, since he declares himself far stronger than you in might
Metre
χεῖραςἐπεὶσέοφησὶ‖βίῃπολὺφέρτεροςεἶναι
χεῖραςhandsχείρ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ὑπεξαλέασθαιἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionσέοthan youσύ · genitive singular masculine pronounadverbial to καὶφησὶdeclares himselfφημί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶβίῃby forceβία · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to φέρτεροςπολὺby farπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to φέρτεροςφέρτεροςstrongerφέρτατος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounεἶναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of φησὶ - 182
and earlier born; yet your dear heart does not shrink
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordγενεῇby birthγενεά · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to πρότεροςπρότεροςearlier bornπρότερος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounσὸνyourσός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦτορδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleὄθεταιshrinksὄθομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφίλονdearφίλος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦτορἦτορheartἦτορ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ὄθεται - 183
from claiming equality with him, whom all the others dread."
ἶσόνequalἴσος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to φάσθαιοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἶσόνφάσθαιfrom claimingφημί · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ὄθεταιτόνwhomὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of στυγέουσιτεandτε · particlesentence particleστυγέουσιdreadστυγέω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing οἱκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἄλλοιothersἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of στυγέουσι - 184
Then, deeply angered, the famed shaker of earth addressed her:
Metre
τὴνδὲμέγὀχθήσας‖προσέφηκλυτὸςἐννοσίγαιος
τὴνherὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of προσέφηδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleμέγdeeplyμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ὀχθήσαςὀχθήσαςangeredὀχθέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηaddressedπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκλυτὸςfamedκλυτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἐννοσίγαιοςἐννοσίγαιοςearth-shakerἘννοσίγαιος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 185
"Ah, though he is noble, he has spoken arrogantly
Metre
ὢπόποιἦἀγαθός‖περἐὼνὑπέροπλονἔειπεν
ὢahὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleπόποιindeedπόποι · interjectiongoverned by an elided headἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleῥthoughἄρα · particlesentence particleἀγαθόςnobleἀγαθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἐὼνbeingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔειπενὑπέροπλονarrogantlyὑπέροπλος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἔειπενἔειπενspokeεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 186
if he will hold me back by force against my will, though I share his honor.
Metre
εἴὁμότιμονἐόντα‖βίῃἀέκοντακαθέξει
εἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of καθέξειὁμότιμονequal in honorὁμότιμος · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐόνταthough I amεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculinemodifies μ̓βίῃby forceβία · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to καθέξειἀέκονταagainst my willἀέκων · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementκαθέξειwill hold backκατέχω · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἴ - 187
For we are three brothers born from Cronos, whom Rhea bore:
τρεῖςthreeτρεῖς · numeralmodifies ἀδελφεοὶγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτandτε · particlesentence particleἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionΚρόνουCronosΚρόνος · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐκεἰμὲνwe areεἰμί · present active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbἀδελφεοὶbrothersἀδελφός · nominative plural masculine nounpredicate nounοὓςwhomὅς · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of τέκετοτέκετοboreτίκτω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἀδελφεοὶῬέαRheaῬέα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τέκετο - 188
Zeus and I, and third Hades, lord of those below.
ΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἐγώIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δ̓τρίτατοςa thirdτρίτατος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἈΐδηςHadesᾍδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓ἐνέροισινthose belowἔνεροι · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀνάσσωνἀνάσσωνrulingἀνάσσω · present active participle, nominative singular masculinemodifies Ἀΐδης - 189
All things were divided three ways, and each received his share of honor.
τριχθὰin three divisionsτριχθά · adverbadverbial to δέδασταιδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπάνταallπᾶς · nominative plural neuter adjectivesubject of δέδασταιδέδασταιwere dividedδατέομαι · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἕκαστοςeachἕκαστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of ἔμμορεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔμμορεreceived his shareμείρομαι · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτιμῆςof honorτιμή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἔμμορε - 190
I received the gray sea as my home forever,
Metre
ἤτοιἐγὼνἔλαχον‖πολιὴνἅλαναιέμεναἰεὶ
ἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleἐγὼνIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔλαχονἔλαχονreceivedλαγχάνω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbπολιὴνgrayπολιός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἅλαἅλαthe seaἅλς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔλαχονναιέμενas my homeναίω · present active infinitiveadverbial to ἔλαχοναἰεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ναιέμεν - 191
when the lots were shaken; Hades received the misty darkness,
Metre
παλλομένωνἈΐδης‖ἔλαχεζόφονἠερόεντα
παλλομένωνlots being shakenπάλλω · present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculineadverbial to δ̓ἈΐδηςHadesᾍδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔλαχεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἔλαχεreceivedλαγχάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbζόφονdarknessζόφος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔλαχεἠερόενταmistyἠερόεις · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ζόφον - 192
and Zeus received the broad heaven amid bright air and clouds;
Metre
Ζεὺςἔλαχοὐρανὸνεὐρὺν‖ἐναἰθέρικαὶνεφέλῃσι
ΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔλαχ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔλαχreceivedλαγχάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοὐρανὸνheavenοὐρανός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔλαχ̓εὐρὺνbroadεὐρύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies οὐρανὸνἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionαἰθέριbright airαἰθήρ · dative singular masculine nounmodifies καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνεφέλῃσιthe cloudsνεφέλη · dative plural feminine nounmodifies καὶ - 193
but earth is still common to us all, and high Olympus.
Metre
γαῖαἔτιξυνὴ‖πάντωνκαὶμακρὸςὌλυμπος
γαῖαearthγαῖα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔτιstillἔτι · adverbadverbialξυνὴcommon to usξυνός · nominative singular feminine adjectivepredicate nounπάντωνallπᾶς · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ξυνὴκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμακρὸςhighμακρός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὌλυμποςὌλυμποςOlympusὌλυμπος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 194
Therefore I will not live at all by Zeus's designs; but at his ease,
Metre
τώῥακαὶοὔτιΔιὸς‖βέομαιφρεσίνἀλλὰἕκηλος
τώthereforeτῷ · adverbsentence particleῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · adverbsentence particleοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to βέομαιΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies φρεσίνβέομαιwill liveβέομαι · future medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbφρεσίνby the designsφρήν · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to βέομαιἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἕκηλοςat his easeἕκηλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 195
and strong though he is, let him remain within his third portion.
Metre
καὶκρατερόςπερἐὼν‖μενέτωτριτάτῃἐνὶμοίρῃ
καὶthoughκαί · adverbemphasizing particleκρατερόςstrongκρατερός · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἐὼνbeingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μενέτωμενέτωlet him remainμένω · present active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτριτάτῃhis thirdτρίτατος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μοίρῃἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionμοίρῃportionμοῖρα · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνὶ - 196
And let him not try to frighten me with his hands as though I were a coward;
χερσὶwith his handsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to δειδισσέσθωδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμήdo notμή · adverbemphasizing particleτίat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to δειδισσέσθωμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of δειδισσέσθωπάγχυwhollyπάγχυ · adverbadverbial to δειδισσέσθωκακὸνa cowardκακός · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounὣςas thoughὡς · adverbadverbialδειδισσέσθωlet him frightenδειδίσσομαι · present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 197
it would be better for him to assail his daughters and sons
Metre
θυγατέρεσσινγάρ‖τεκαὶυἱάσιβέλτερονεἴη
θυγατέρεσσινdaughtersθυγάτηρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of καὶγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordυἱάσιsonsυἱός · dative plural masculine nounobject of καὶβέλτερονbetterβέλτερος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounεἴηmight beεἰμί · present active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 198
with terrible words, those whom he himself begot,
Metre
ἐκπάγλοιςἐπέεσσιν‖ἐνισσέμενοὓςτέκεναὐτός
ἐκπάγλοιςterribleἔκπαγλος · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἐπέεσσινἐπέεσσινwordsἔπος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐνισσέμενἐνισσέμενto assailἐνίσσω · present active infinitivesubject of εἴηοὓςwhomὅς · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of τέκεντέκενbegotτίκτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶαὐτόςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 199
who will hear and obey when he urges them, even under compulsion."
Metre
οἵἑθενὀτρύνοντος‖ἀκούσονταικαὶἀνάγκῃ
οἵwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἀκούσονταιἑθενhimἕ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of ἀκούσονταιὀτρύνοντοςurging themὀτρύνω · present active participle, genitive singular masculinecircumstantial complementἀκούσονταιwill heedἀκούω · future middle indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing καὶκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἀνάγκῃby forceἀνάγκη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀκούσονται - 200
Then wind-footed swift Iris answered him:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἠμείβετ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἠμείβετansweredἀμείβω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἠμείβετ̓ποδήνεμοςwind-footedποδήνεμος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἶριςὠκέαswiftὠκύς · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἾριςἾριςIrisἾρις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἠμείβετ̓ - 201
"Is it really so, earth-holder, dark-haired god—
Metre
οὕτωγὰρδήτοι‖γαιήοχεκυανοχαῖτα
οὕτωsoοὕτως · adverbadverbial to φέρωγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleδήindeedδή · particlesentence particleτοιindeedτοι · particlesentence particleγαιήοχεearth-holderγαιήοχος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies κυανοχαῖτακυανοχαῖταdark-hairedκυανοχαίτης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided head - 202
am I to carry this harsh and mighty word from you to Zeus,
Metre
τόνδεφέρωΔιὶμῦθον‖ἀπηνέατεκρατερόντε
τόνδεthisὅδε · accusative singular masculine pronounmodifies μῦθονφέρωshall I carryφέρω · present active subjunctive, 1st singular verbmain verbΔιὶZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of φέρωμῦθονwordμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of φέρωἀπηνέαharshἀπηνής · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τετεandτε · particlesentence particleκρατερόνmightyκρατερός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 203
or will you turn? The hearts of noble men can turn.
Metre
ἦτιμεταστρέψεις‖στρεπταὶμέντεφρένεςἐσθλῶν
ἦorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to μεταστρέψειςμεταστρέψειςwill you turnμεταστρέφω · future active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbστρεπταὶchangeableστρεπτός · nominative plural feminine adjectivepredicate nounμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleτεandτε · particlesentence particleφρένεςheartsφρήν · nominative plural feminine nounsubjectἐσθλῶνnoble menἐσθλός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies φρένες - 204
You know how the Erinyes always attend upon the elder."
Metre
οἶσθὡςπρεσβυτέροισιν‖Ἐρινύεςαἰὲνἕπονται
οἶσθknowοἶδα · perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbὡςhowὡς · adverbadverbial to ἕπονταιπρεσβυτέροισινeldersπρέσβυς · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἕπονταιἘρινύεςErinyesἘρινύς · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἕπονταιαἰὲνalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἕπονταιἕπονταιattendἕπομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbobject of οἶσθ̓ - 205
Then Poseidon the earth-shaker addressed her in turn:
Metre
τὴναὖτεπροσέειπε‖Ποσειδάωνἐνοσίχθων
τὴνherὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of προσέειπεδandδέ · particlesentence particleαὖτεin turnαὖτε · adverbadverbial to προσέειπεπροσέειπεaddressedπροσεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΠοσειδάωνPoseidonΠοσειδεών · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέειπεἐνοσίχθωνEarth-shakerἘνοσίχθων · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ποσειδάων - 206
"Goddess Iris, this word you have spoken is wholly fitting;
Metre
Ἶριθεὰμάλατοῦτο‖ἔποςκατὰμοῖρανἔειπες
ἾριIrisἾρις · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided headθεὰgoddessθεά · vocative singular feminine nounmodifies Ἶριμάλαveryμάλα · adverbadverbial to ἔειπεςτοῦτοthisοὗτος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔποςἔποςwordἔπος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔειπεςκατὰaccording toκατά · prepositionprepositionμοῖρανdue measureμοῖρα · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to κατὰἔειπεςyou spokeεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 207
and it is a good thing when a messenger knows what is right.
Metre
ἐσθλὸνκαὶτὸτέτυκται‖ὅτἄγγελοςαἴσιμαεἰδῇ
ἐσθλὸνgoodἐσθλός · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleτὸthisὁ · nominative singular neuter pronounsubjectτέτυκταιis establishedτεύχω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὅτwhenὅτε · adverbadverbial to εἰδῇἄγγελοςmessengerἄγγελος · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of εἰδῇαἴσιμαwhat is rightαἴσιμος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of εἰδῇεἰδῇknowsοἶδα · perfect active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbsubject - 208
But this dread grief reaches my heart and spirit:
Metre
ἀλλὰτόδαἰνὸνἄχος‖κραδίηνκαὶθυμὸνἱκάνει
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctionsentence particleτόδthisὅδε · nominative singular neuter pronounmodifies ἄχοςαἰνὸνterribleαἰνός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἄχοςἄχοςgriefἄχος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἱκάνεικραδίηνheartκαρδία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordθυμὸνheartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἱκάνειreachesἱκάνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 209
whenever one has an equal portion and the same allotted fate,
Metre
ὁππότἂνἰσόμορον‖καὶὁμῇπεπρωμένοναἴσῃ
ὁππότwheneverὁπότε · adverbadverbial to ἐθέλῃσιἂνeverἄν · particlesentence particleἰσόμορονequal in portionἰσόμορος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὁμῇthe sameὁμός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies αἴσῃπεπρωμένονallottedπόρω · perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculineobject of καὶαἴσῃfateΑἶσα · dative singular feminine nounobject of πεπρωμένον - 210
he wishes to rebuke that man with words that stir anger.
Metre
νεικείεινἐθέλῃσι‖χολωτοῖσινἐπέεσσιν
νεικείεινto revileνεικέω · present active infinitiveobject of ἐθέλῃσιἐθέλῃσιwishesἐθέλω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἱκάνειχολωτοῖσινangryχολωτός · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἐπέεσσινἐπέεσσινwordsἔπος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to νεικείειν - 211
Yet for now, indignant though I am, I will yield.
Metre
ἀλλἤτοινῦνμέν‖κενεμεσσηθεὶςὑποείξω
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ὑποείξωμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleνεμεσσηθεὶςthough indignantνεμεσάω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὑποείξωὑποείξωI will yieldὑπείκω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 212
But I will tell you another thing, and make this threat from my heart:
Metre
ἄλλοδέτοιἐρέω‖καὶἀπειλήσωτόγεθυμῷ
ἄλλοanother thingἄλλος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveobject of ἐρέωδέandδέ · particlesentence particleτοιfor youσύ · dative singular feminine pronounobject of ἐρέωἐρέωwill tellἐρῶ · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀπειλήσωwill threatenἀπειλέω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbτόthatὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of ἀπειλήσωγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleθυμῷfrom my heartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἀπειλήσω - 213
if, without my consent and Athena's, driver of spoil,
Metre
αἴκενἄνευἐμέθεν‖καὶἈθηναίηςἀγελείης
αἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκενwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἄνευapart fromἄνευ · prepositionprepositionἐμέθενmeἐγώ · genitive singular masculine pronounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἈθηναίηςAthena'sἈθήνη · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to καὶἀγελείηςdriver of spoilἀγελείη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies Ἀθηναίης - 214
and Hera's, Hermes', and lord Hephaestus',
Metre
ἭρηςἙρμείω‖τεκαὶἩφαίστοιοἄνακτος
ἭρηςHera’sἭρα · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to καὶἙρμείωHermesἙρμῆς · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἩφαίστοιοof HephaestusἭφαιστος · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to καὶἄνακτοςlordἄναξ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Ἡφαίστοιο - 215
he spares steep Ilion and will not be willing
Metre
Ἰλίουαἰπεινῆς‖πεφιδήσεταιοὐδἐθελήσει
ἸλίουIlionἼλιος · genitive singular feminine nounobject of πεφιδήσεταιαἰπεινῆςsteepαἰπεινός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἰλίουπεφιδήσεταιwill spareφείδομαι · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓ἐθελήσειwill be willingἐθέλω · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓ - 216
to sack it and give great victory to the Argives,
Metre
ἐκπέρσαιδοῦναι‖δὲμέγακράτοςἈργείοισιν
ἐκπέρσαιto sackἐκπέρθω · aorist active infinitiveobject of δὲδοῦναιto giveδίδωμι · aorist active infinitiveobject of δὲδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κράτοςκράτοςvictoryκράτος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of δοῦναιἈργείοισινthe ArgivesἈργεῖος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of δοῦναι - 217
let him know this: there will be wrath between us past all healing."
Metre
ἴστωτοῦθὅτινῶϊν‖ἀνήκεστοςχόλοςἔσται
ἴστωlet him knowοἶδα · perfect active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτοῦθthisοὗτος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveobjectὅτιthatὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionνῶϊνbetween usἐγώ · dative dual masculine pronounadverbial to ἔσταιἀνήκεστοςpast healingἀνήκεστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χόλοςχόλοςangerχόλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔσταιἔσταιwill beεἰμί · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of ὅτι - 218
So speaking, the Earth-shaker left the Achaean host,
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνλίπελαὸν‖Ἀχαιϊκὸνἐννοσίγαιος
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to λίπελίπεleftλείπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbλαὸνhostλαός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of λίπεἈχαιϊκὸνAchaeanἈχαιικός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies λαὸνἐννοσίγαιοςEarth-shakerἘννοσίγαιος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of λίπε - 219
and plunged into the sea; the Achaean heroes longed for him.
Metre
δῦνεδὲπόντονἰών‖πόθεσανἥρωεςἈχαιοί
δῦνεplungedδύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπόντονseaπόντος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of δῦνεἰώνgoingεἶμι · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δῦνεπόθεσανlonged forποθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἥρωεςheroesἥρως · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of πόθεσανἈχαιοίAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἥρωες - 220
Then cloud-gathering Zeus addressed Apollo:
Metre
καὶτότἈπόλλωνα‖προσέφηνεφεληγερέταΖεύς
καὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleτότthenτότε · adverbadverbial to προσέφηἈπόλλωναApolloἈπόλλων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προσέφηπροσέφηaddressedπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνεφεληγερέταcloud-gathererνεφεληγερέτα · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΖεύςΖεύςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 221
"Go now, dear Phoebus, after bronze-helmed Hector.
Metre
ἔρχεονῦνφίλεΦοῖβε‖μεθἝκτοραχαλκοκορυστήν
ἔρχεοgoἔρχομαι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἔρχεοφίλεdearφίλος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΦοῖβεΦοῖβεPhoebusΦοῖβος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headμεθafterμετά · prepositionprepositionἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of μεθ̓χαλκοκορυστήνbronze-helmedχαλκοκορυστής · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτορα - 222
For now the earth-holding Earth-shaker
Metre
ἤδημὲνγάρτοι‖γαιήοχοςἐννοσίγαιος
ἤδηalreadyἤδη · adverbadverbial to οἴχεταιμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτοιindeedτοι · particlesentence particleγαιήοχοςearth-holderγαιήοχος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἐννοσίγαιοςἐννοσίγαιοςEarth-shakerἘννοσίγαιος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of οἴχεται - 223
has gone into the shining sea, avoiding our steep wrath;
Metre
οἴχεταιεἰςἅλαδῖαν‖ἀλευάμενοςχόλοναἰπὺν
οἴχεταιhas goneοἴχομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbεἰςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἅλαthe seaἅλς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἰςδῖανbrightδῖος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἅλαἀλευάμενοςavoidingἀλέομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to οἴχεταιχόλονangerχόλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀλευάμενοςαἰπὺνsteepαἰπύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χόλον - 224
otherwise the other gods too would surely learn of the battle,
Metre
ἡμέτερονμάλαγάρ‖κεμάχηςἐπύθοντοκαὶἄλλοι
ἡμέτερονourἡμέτερος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χόλονμάλαveryμάλα · adverbsentence particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleκεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleμάχηςbattleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐπύθοντοἐπύθοντοwould learnπυνθάνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἄλλοιotherἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἐπύθοντο - 225
those gods below who dwell around Cronos.
Metre
οἵπερἐνέρτεροίεἰσι‖θεοὶΚρόνονἀμφὶςἐόντες
οἵwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounmodifies θεοὶπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἐνέρτεροίthe lower godsἐνέρτερος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounεἰσιareεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἄλλοιθεοὶgodsθεός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of εἰσιΚρόνονCronosΚρόνος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἀμφὶςἀμφὶςall aroundἀμφίς · prepositionprepositionἐόντεςdwellingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to εἰσι - 226
But this proved far better both for me and for himself:
Metre
ἀλλὰτόδἠμὲνἐμοὶ‖πολὺκέρδιονἠδέοἱαὐτῷ
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleτόδthisὅδε · nominative singular neuter pronounsubject of ,ἠμὲνbothἠμέν · conjunctionsentence particleἐμοὶto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἠδέπολὺfarπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to κέρδιονκέρδιονbetterκερδίων · nominative singular neuter comparative adjectivepredicate nounἠδέandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἠδέαὐτῷhimselfαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 227
that he felt shame and yielded beforehand
Metre
ἔπλετοὅττιπάροιθε‖νεμεσσηθεὶςὑπόειξε
ἔπλετοwasπέλω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὅττιasὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπάροιθεbeforeπάροιθε · adverbadverbial to ὑπόειξενεμεσσηθεὶςfeeling shameνεμεσάω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὑπόειξεὑπόειξεyieldedὑπείκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbsubject of ὅττι - 228
to my hands, since the matter would not have ended without sweat.
Metre
χεῖραςἐμάςἐπεὶοὔ‖κενἀνιδρωτίἐτελέσθη
χεῖραςhandsχείρ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ὑπόειξεἐμάςmyἐμός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies χεῖραςἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleκενwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἀνιδρωτίwithout sweatἀνιδρωτί · adverbadverbial to ἐτελέσθηγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἐτελέσθηwould have endedτελέω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶ - 229
But take in your hands the tasselled aegis,
Metre
ἀλλὰσύἐνχείρεσσι‖λάβαἰγίδαθυσσανόεσσαν
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleσύyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of λάβ̓γindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionχείρεσσιhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐνλάβtakeλαμβάνω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbαἰγίδαaegisαἰγίς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of λάβ̓θυσσανόεσσανtasseledθυσανόεις · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies αἰγίδα - 230
and shake it fiercely to put the Achaean heroes to flight.
Metre
τῇμάλἐπισσείων‖φοβέεινἥρωαςἈχαιούς
τῇwith itὁ · dative singular feminine pronounadverbial to φοβέεινμάλfiercelyμάλα · adverbadverbial to ἐπισσείωνἐπισσείωνshaking over themἐπισείω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to φοβέεινφοβέεινto routφοβέω · present active infinitivemodifies αἰγίδαἥρωαςheroesἥρως · accusative plural masculine nounobject of φοβέεινἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἥρωας - 231
And let glorious Hector be your own care, far-shooting one;
Metre
σοὶαὐτῷμελέτω‖ἑκατηβόλεφαίδιμοςἝκτωρ
σοὶto youσύ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of μελέτωδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὐτῷyourselfαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementμελέτωbe your careμέλω · present active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἑκατηβόλεfar-shootingἑκατηβόλος · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headφαίδιμοςgloriousφαίδιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of μελέτω - 232
rouse great might in him until the Achaeans
Metre
τόφραγὰροὖνοἱἔγειρε‖μένοςμέγαὄφρἂνἈχαιοὶ
τόφραuntil thenτόφρα · adverbadverbial to ἔγειρεγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleοὖνthenοὖν · particlesentence particleοἱin himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἔγειρεἔγειρεrouseἐγείρω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔγειρεμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies μένοςὄφρuntilὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἂνwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἈχαιοὶthe AchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἵκωνται - 233
flee and reach their ships and the Hellespont.
Metre
φεύγοντεςνῆάς‖τεκαὶἙλλήσποντονἵκωνται
φεύγοντεςfleeingφεύγω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἵκωνταινῆάςtheir shipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἙλλήσποντονHellespontἙλλήσποντος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἵκωνταιmay reachἱκνέομαι · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὄφῤ - 234
From there I myself shall devise both deed and word,
κεῖθενfrom thereἐκεῖθεν · adverbadverbial to φράσομαιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὐτὸςmyselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of φράσομαιφράσομαιshall deviseφράζω · future middle indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἔργονdeedἔργον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleἔποςwordἔπος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 235
so that the Achaeans may breathe again from their toil."
Metre
ὥςκεκαὶαὖτιςἈχαιοὶ‖ἀναπνεύσωσιπόνοιο
ὥςso thatὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleαὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbadverbial to ἀναπνεύσωσιἈχαιοὶthe AchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἀναπνεύσωσιἀναπνεύσωσιmay breathe againἀναπνέω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὥςπόνοιοtoilπόνος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀναπνεύσωσι - 236
So he spoke, and Apollo did not disobey his father.
Metre
ὣςἔφατοὐδἄραπατρὸς‖ἀνηκούστησενἈπόλλων
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleπατρὸςfatherπατήρ · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀνηκούστησενἀνηκούστησενdid not disobeyἀνηκουστέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀνηκούστησεν - 237
He went down from the mountains of Ida like a hawk,
Metre
βῆδὲκατἸδαίων‖ὀρέωνἴρηκιἐοικὼς
βῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκατdownκατά · prepositionprepositionἸδαίωνof IdaἸδαῖος · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies ὀρέωνὀρέωνmountainsὄρος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of κατ̓ἴρηκιhawkἱέραξ · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐοικὼςἐοικὼςlikeἔοικα · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βῆ - 238
the swift dove-killer, the fastest of flying creatures.
ὠκέϊswiftὠκύς · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἴρηκιφασσοφόνῳdove-killingφασσοφόνος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἴρηκιὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectτandτε · particlesentence particleὤκιστοςswiftestὠκύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounπετεηνῶνbirdsπετεινός · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies ὤκιστος - 239
He found the son of wise Priam, godlike Hector,
Metre
εὗρυἱὸνΠριάμοιο‖δαΐφρονοςἝκτοραδῖον
εὗρhe foundεὑρίσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ἝκτοραΠριάμοιοof PriamΠρίαμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνδαΐφρονοςwiseδαίφρων · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΠριάμοιοἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εὗῤδῖονgodlikeδῖος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτορα - 240
sitting, no longer lying down, newly gathering his spirit,
ἥμενονsittingἧμαι · perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἔτιany longerἔτι · adverbadverbial to κεῖτοκεῖτοwas lyingκεῖμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνέονjust nowνέος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐσαγείρετοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐσαγείρετοwas gatheringεἰσαγείρω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθυμόνspiritθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐσαγείρετο - 241
and recognizing the comrades around him; his gasping and sweat
Metre
ἀμφὶἓγιγνώσκων‖ἑτάρουςἀτὰρἆσθμακαὶἱδρὼς
ἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionἓhimἕ · accusative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἀμφὶγιγνώσκωνrecognizingγιγνώσκω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐσαγείρετοἑτάρουςcompanionsἑταῖρος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of γιγνώσκωνἀτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἆσθμαgaspingἆσθμα · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἱδρὼςsweatἱδρώς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 242
ceased, for the purpose of aegis-bearing Zeus had roused him.
Metre
παύετἐπείμινἔγειρε‖Διὸςνόοςαἰγιόχοιο
παύετceasedπαύω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπείforἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔγειρεἔγειρεhad rousedἐγείρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπείΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies νόοςνόοςpurposeνόος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔγειρεαἰγιόχοιοaegis-bearingαἰγίοχος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Διὸς - 243
Standing close beside him, Apollo the far-worker spoke:
Metre
ἀγχοῦἱστάμενος‖προσέφηἑκάεργοςἈπόλλων
ἀγχοῦclose byἀγχοῦ · adverbadverbial to ἱστάμενοςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἱστάμενοςstandingἵστημι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηsaidπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἑκάεργοςfar-workerἙκάεργος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈπόλλωνἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 244
"Hector, son of Priam, why do you sit apart from the others,
Metre
ἝκτορυἱὲΠριάμοιο‖τίἢδὲσὺνόσφινἀπἄλλων
ἝκτορHectorἝκτωρ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headυἱὲsonυἱός · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies ἝκτορΠριάμοιοof PriamΠρίαμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὲτίwhyτίς · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to ἧσ̓ἢthenἤ · conjunctionsentence particleδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleσὺyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἧσ̓νόσφινapartνόσφι · adverbadverbial to ἀπ̓ἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionἄλλωνothersἄλλος · genitive plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to νόσφιν - 245
faint with weakness? Has some trouble come upon you?"
Metre
ἧσὀλιγηπελέων‖ἦπούτίσεκῆδοςἱκάνει
ἧσdo you sitἧμαι · perfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbὀλιγηπελέωνfaint with weaknessὀλιγηπελέων · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἧσ̓ἦorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleπούperhapsπού · adverbsentence particleτίanyτις · nominative singular neuter pronounmodifies κῆδοςσεyouσύ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἱκάνεικῆδοςtroubleκῆδος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἱκάνειἱκάνειreachesἱκάνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 246
Then Hector of the flashing helm, weak and failing, answered:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηδandδέ · particlesentence particleὀλιγοδρανέωνweak and failingὀλιγοδρανέων · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηsaidπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκορυθαίολοςof the flashing helmκορυθαίολος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 247
"Who are you, best of the gods, who question me face to face?
τίςwhoτίς · nominative singular masculine pronounpredicate nounδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleσύyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐσσιἐσσιyou areεἰμί · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbφέριστεbestφέριστος · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headθεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τίςὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἴρεαιμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of εἴρεαιεἴρεαιdo you questionἔρομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verbverb of a clause describing σύἄντηνface to faceἄντην · adverbadverbial to εἴρεαι - 248
Have you not heard that by the sterns of the Achaeans' ships,
Metre
οὐκἀΐειςὅμενηυσὶν‖ἔπιπρυμνῇσινἈχαιῶν
οὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἀΐειςhave you not heardἀίω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbὅthatὅς · accusative singular neuter pronounsubordinating conjunctionμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of βάλεννηυσὶνthe shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἔπιἔπιbesideἐπί · prepositionprepositionπρυμνῇσινat the sternsπρυμνός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶνἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies νηυσὶν - 249
as I slew his comrades, Ajax, good at the war-cry, struck me
Metre
οὓςἑτάρουςὀλέκοντα‖βοὴνἀγαθὸςβάλενΑἴας
οὓςhisἑός · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἑτάρουςἑτάρουςcompanionsἑταῖρος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ὀλέκονταὀλέκονταas I slewὀλέκω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementβοὴνat the war-cryβοή · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀγαθὸςἀγαθὸςgoodἀγαθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Αἴαςβάλενstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of δὲΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δὲ - 250
in the chest with a stone and stopped my furious valor?
Metre
χερμαδίῳπρὸςστῆθος‖ἔπαυσεδὲθούριδοςἀλκῆς
χερμαδίῳwith a stoneχερμάδιον · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to βάλενπρὸςagainstπρός · prepositionprepositionστῆθοςchestστῆθος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of πρὸςἔπαυσεstoppedπαύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of δὲδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordθούριδοςfuriousθοῦρος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀλκῆςἀλκῆςvalorἀλκή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἔπαυσε - 251
I thought indeed that I would reach the dead and the house of Hades
Metre
καὶδὴἔγωγἐφάμην‖νέκυαςκαὶδῶμἈΐδαο
καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleἔγωγIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐφάμηνἐφάμηνthoughtφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbνέκυαςthe deadνέκυς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordδῶμhouseδῶμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶἈΐδαοHadesᾍδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies δῶμ̓ - 252
on that very day, when I felt my own heart failing."
Metre
ἤματιτῷδἵξεσθαι‖ἐπεὶφίλονἄϊονἦτορ
ἤματιdayἦμαρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἵξεσθαιτῷδthisὅδε · dative singular neuter pronounmodifies ἤματιἵξεσθαιI would reachἱκνέομαι · future middle infinitiveobject of ἐφάμηνἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · adverbadverbial to ἄϊονφίλονdearφίλος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦτορἄϊονfelt failingἀίω · imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verbadverbial to ἵξεσθαιἦτορheartἦτορ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἄϊον - 253
Then lord Apollo the far-worker addressed him in turn:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέειπενδandδέ · particlesentence particleαὖτεin turnαὖτε · adverbadverbial to προσέειπενπροσέειπενaddressedπροσεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄναξlordἄναξ · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀπόλλωνἑκάεργοςthe far-workerʽἑκάεργος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈπόλλωνἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέειπεν - 254
"Take heart now; the son of Cronos has sent you such a helper
Metre
θάρσεινῦντοῖόν‖τοιἀοσσητῆραΚρονίων
θάρσειtake heartθαρσέω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to θάρσειτοῖόνsuchτοῖος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἀοσσητῆρατοιto youσύ · dative singular pronounadverbial to καὶἀοσσητῆραhelperἀοσσητήρ · accusative singular masculine nouncircumstantial complementΚρονίωνthe son of CronosΚρονίων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προέηκε - 255
from Ida to stand beside you and defend you:
Metre
ἐξἼδηςπροέηκε‖παρεστάμεναικαὶἀμύνειν
ἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionἼδηςof IdaἼδη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐξπροέηκεhe sent forthπροίημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπαρεστάμεναιto stand beside youπαρίστημι · perfect active infinitiveadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀμύνεινto defendἀμύνω · present active infinitiveadverbial to καὶ - 256
Phoebus Apollo of the golden sword, who even before
Metre
ΦοῖβονἈπόλλωνα‖χρυσάορονὅςσεπάροςπερ
ΦοῖβονPhoebusΦοῖβος · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈπόλλωναἈπόλλωναApolloἈπόλλων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προέηκεχρυσάορονgolden-swordedχρυσάορος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀπόλλωναὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ῥύομ̓σεyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of καὶπάροςbeforeπάρος · adverbadverbial to ῥύομ̓περindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particle - 257
protected both you yourself and the steep citadel alike.
Metre
ῥύομὁμῶςαὐτόν‖τεκαὶαἰπεινὸνπτολίεθρον
ῥύομprotectedῥύομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἀπόλλωναὁμῶςalikeὁμῶς · adverbadverbial to ῥύομ̓αὐτόνyou yourselfαὐτός · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordαἰπεινὸνsteepαἰπεινός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πτολίεθρονπτολίεθρονcitadelπτολίεθρον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶ - 258
Come now, urge the many horsemen
Metre
ἀλλἄγενῦνἱππεῦσιν‖ἐπότρυνονπολέεσσι
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἄγεcomeἄγε · adverbsentence particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἐπότρυνονἱππεῦσινhorsemenἱππεύς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐπότρυνονἐπότρυνονurge onἐποτρύνω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbπολέεσσιmanyπολύς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἱππεῦσιν - 259
to drive their swift horses against the hollow ships.
Metre
νηυσὶνἔπιγλαφυρῇσιν‖ἐλαυνέμενὠκέαςἵππους
νηυσὶνthe shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἔπιἔπιagainstἐπί · prepositionprepositionγλαφυρῇσινhollowγλαφυρός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶνἐλαυνέμενto driveἐλαύνω · present active infinitiveobject of ἐπότρυνονὠκέαςswiftὠκύς · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐλαυνέμεν - 260
I shall go before the horses and smooth
Metre
αὐτὰρἐγὼπροπάροιθε‖κιὼνἵπποισικέλευθον
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δ̓προπάροιθεbeforeπροπάροιθε · adverbadverbial to κιὼνκιὼνgoing beforeκίω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δ̓ἵπποισιhorsesἵππος · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to λειανέωκέλευθονpathκέλευθος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of λειανέω - 261
the whole road, and I shall turn the Achaean heroes."
Metre
πᾶσανλειανέω‖τρέψωἥρωαςἈχαιούς
πᾶσανallπᾶς · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κέλευθονλειανέωI shall smoothλεαίνω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbτρέψωI shall turnτρέπω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἥρωαςheroesἥρως · accusative plural masculine nounobject of τρέψωἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἥρωας - 262
So speaking, he breathed great might into the shepherd of the people.
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνἔμπνευσε‖μένοςμέγαποιμένιλαῶν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔμπνευσεἔμπνευσεbreathedἐμπνέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔμπνευσεμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies μένοςποιμένιshepherdποιμήν · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἔμπνευσελαῶνof the peopleλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ποιμένι - 263
As when a stabled horse, fed his fill at the manger,
Metre
ὡςὅτετιςστατὸςἵππος‖ἀκοστήσαςἐπὶφάτνῃ
ὡςasὡς · adverbemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅτεwhenὅτε · adverbadverbial to θείῃτιςsomeτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἵπποςστατὸςstabledστατός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἵπποςἵπποςhorseἵππος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of θείῃἀκοστήσαςfed his fillἀκοστάω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to θείῃἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionφάτνῃthe mangerφάτνη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐπὶ - 264
breaks his tether and runs exulting over the plain,
Metre
δεσμὸνἀπορρήξας‖θείῃπεδίοιοκροαίνων
δεσμὸνhis tetherδεσμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀπορρήξαςἀπορρήξαςbreaking freeἀπορρήγνυμι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to θείῃθείῃrunsθέω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbialπεδίοιοacross the plainπεδίον · genitive singular neuter nounobject of θείῃκροαίνωνexultingκροαίνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to θείῃ - 265
accustomed to bathe in a fair-flowing river,
Metre
εἰωθὼςλούεσθαι‖ἐϋρρεῖοςποταμοῖο
εἰωθὼςaccustomedἔθω · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to θείῃλούεσθαιto batheλούω · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of εἰωθὼςἐϋρρεῖοςfair-flowingἐυρρεής · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ποταμοῖοποταμοῖοriverποταμός · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to λούεσθαι - 266
glorying; he holds his head high, and his mane
Metre
κυδιόωνὑψοῦ‖δὲκάρηἔχειἀμφὶδὲχαῖται
κυδιόωνexultingκυδιάω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to θείῃὑψοῦhigh aboveὑψοῦ · adverbadverbial to ἔχειδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleκάρηheadκάρα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔχειἔχειkeepsἔχω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχαῖταιhis maneχαίτη · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἀΐσσονται - 267
streams about his shoulders; trusting in his splendor,
Metre
ὤμοιςἀΐσσονται‖ὃἀγλαΐηφιπεποιθὼς
ὤμοιςhis shouldersὦμος · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἀμφὶἀΐσσονταιstreamsἀίσσω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of πεποιθὼςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀγλαΐηφιin his splendorἀγλαία · dative plural feminine nounobject of πεποιθὼςπεποιθὼςtrustingπείθω · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to φέρει - 268
his knees bear him swiftly to the haunts and pasture of mares—
Metre
ῥίμφάἑγοῦναφέρει‖μετάἤθεακαὶνομὸνἵππων
ῥίμφάswiftlyῥίμφα · adverbadverbial to φέρειἑhimἕ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of φέρειγοῦναkneesγόνυ · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of φέρειφέρειbearφέρω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμετάtoμετά · prepositionprepositionτandτε · particlesentence particleἤθεαthe hauntsἦθος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνομὸνpastureνομός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἵππωνmaresἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καὶ - 269
so Hector plied his swift feet and knees,
Metre
ὣςἝκτωρλαιψηρὰ‖πόδαςκαὶγούνατἐνώμα
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐνώμαἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐνώμαλαιψηρὰswiftλαιψηρός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐνώμαπόδαςfeetπούς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordγούνατkneesγόνυ · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶἐνώμαpliedνωμάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 270
urging on the horsemen, once he had heard the god's voice.
Metre
ὀτρύνωνἱππῆας‖ἐπεὶθεοῦἔκλυεναὐδήν
ὀτρύνωνurgingὀτρύνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐνώμαἱππῆαςhorsemenἱππεύς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ὀτρύνωνἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · adverbadverbial to ἔκλυενθεοῦof the godθεός · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies αὐδήνἔκλυενhad heardκλύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐνώμααὐδήνvoiceαὐδή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔκλυεν - 271
As when upon a horned stag or a wild goat
οἳtheyὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὥςasὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐσσεύαντοτandτε · particlesentence particleἢorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleἔλαφονstagἔλαφος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἢκεραὸνhornedκεραός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἔλαφονἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄγριονsavageἄγριος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies αἶγααἶγαgoatαἴξ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἢ - 272
dogs and country hunters rush,
Metre
ἐσσεύαντοκύνες‖τεκαὶἀνέρεςἀγροιῶται
ἐσσεύαντοrush upon itσεύω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbialκύνεςdogsκύων · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀνέρεςmenἀνήρ · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶἀγροιῶταιcountry huntersἀγροιώτης · nominative plural masculine nounmodifies ἀνέρες - 273
a sheer rock and shadowy wood save it,
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of εἰρύσατ̓μένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleτandτε · particlesentence particleἠλίβατοςsheerἠλίβατος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies πέτρηπέτρηrockπέτρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordδάσκιοςshadowyδάσκιος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ὕληὕληforestὕλη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶ - 274
and it is not fated that they should catch it;
Metre
εἰρύσατοὐδἄρατέ‖σφικιχήμεναιαἴσιμονἦεν
εἰρύσατsave itἐρύω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτέandτε · particlesentence particleσφιfor themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to ἦενκιχήμεναιto catchκιχάνω · present active infinitivesubject of ἦεναἴσιμονfatedαἴσιμος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἦενwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 275
then at their shouting a well-maned lion appears
τῶνof theseὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies ἰαχῆςδέandδέ · particlesentence particleθandτε · particlesentence particleὑπὸatὑπό · prepositionprepositionἰαχῆςtheir shoutingἰαχή · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ὑπὸἐφάνηappearedφαίνω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbλὶςlionλίς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐφάνηἠϋγένειοςwell-manedεὐγένειος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies λὶς - 276
in the road, and swiftly turns them all away, however eager.
Metre
εἰςὁδόναἶψαδὲπάντας‖ἀπέτραπεκαὶμεμαῶτας
εἰςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionὁδόνthe roadὁδός · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to εἰςαἶψαat onceαἶψα · adverbadverbial to ἀπέτραπεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπάνταςallπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἀπέτραπεἀπέτραπεturns awayἀποτρέπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleμεμαῶταςeagerμέμαα · perfect active participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complement - 277
So while the Danaans still followed always in a mass,
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἕποντοΔαναοὶDanaansΔαναοί · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἕποντοεἷοςwhileεἷος · adverbadverbial to ἕποντομὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleὁμιλαδὸνin a massὁμιλαδόν · adverbadverbial to ἕποντοαἰὲνalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἕποντοἕποντοfollowedἕπομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 278
stabbing with swords and double-pointed spears
Metre
νύσσοντεςξίφεσίν‖τεκαὶἔγχεσινἀμφιγύοισιν
νύσσοντεςthrustingνύσσω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἕποντοξίφεσίνwith swordsξίφος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἔγχεσινspearsἔγχος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to καὶἀμφιγύοισινdouble-pointedἀμφίγυος · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχεσιν - 279
once they saw Hector striding through the ranks of men,
Metre
αὐτὰρἐπεὶἴδονἝκτορ‖ἐποιχόμενονστίχαςἀνδρῶν
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · adverbadverbial to ἴδονἴδονthey sawεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbialἝκτορHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἴδονἐποιχόμενονrangingἐποίχομαι · present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementστίχαςranksστίξ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐποιχόμενονἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies στίχας - 280
they were afraid, and every man's spirit fell beside his feet.
Metre
τάρβησανπᾶσιν‖δὲπαραὶποσὶκάππεσεθυμός
τάρβησανwere afraidταρβέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπᾶσινeveryoneπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to κάππεσεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπαραὶbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionποσὶfeetπούς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to παραὶκάππεσεfellκαταπίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθυμόςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κάππεσε - 281
Then Thoas, son of Andraemon, addressed them,
Metre
τοῖσιἔπειτἀγόρευε‖ΘόαςἈνδραίμονοςυἱός
τοῖσιto themὁ · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to ἀγόρευεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔπειτthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἀγόρευεἀγόρευεspokeἀγορεύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΘόαςThoasΘόας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀγόρευεἈνδραίμονοςAndraemonἈνδραίμων · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱόςυἱόςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Θόας - 282
far the best of the Aetolians, skilled with the javelin
Metre
Αἰτωλῶνὄχἄριστος‖ἐπιστάμενοςμὲνἄκοντι
Αἰτωλῶνof the AetoliansΑἰτωλός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἄριστοςὄχfarὄχα · adverbadverbial to ἄριστοςἄριστοςbestἄριστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Θόαςἐπιστάμενοςknowing howἐπίσταμαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculinemodifies δ̓μὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἄκοντιwith the javelinἄκων · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐπιστάμενος - 283
and good in close combat; in council few Achaeans
ἐσθλὸςgoodἐσθλός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionσταδίῃclose combatσταδίη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνἀγορῇin assemblyἀγορά · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to νίκωνδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἑhimἕ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of νίκωνπαῦροιfewπαῦρος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of νίκωνἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies παῦροι - 284
surpassed him whenever young men contended over counsel;
Metre
νίκωνὁππότεκοῦροι‖ἐρίσσειανπερὶμύθων
νίκωνsurpassed himνικάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὁππότεwheneverὁπότε · adverbadverbial to ἐρίσσειανκοῦροιyoung menκοῦρος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἐρίσσειανἐρίσσειανcontendedἐρίζω · aorist active optative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to νίκωνπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionμύθωνover counselμῦθος · genitive plural masculine nounadverbial to περὶ - 285
with good will toward them, he addressed them and spoke:
Metre
ὅσφινἐϋφρονέων‖ἀγορήσατοκαὶμετέειπεν
ὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καὶσφινto themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of καὶἐϋφρονέωνkindlyεὐφρονέων · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀγορήσατοaddressedἀγοράομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμετέειπενspokeμετεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 286
Ah me, truly a great wonder this my eyes behold,
Metre
ὢπόποιἦμέγαθαῦμα‖τόδὀφθαλμοῖσινὁρῶμαι
ὢahὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleπόποιmeπόποι · interjectiongoverned by an elided headἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies θαῦμαθαῦμαa wonderθαῦμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ὁρῶμαιτόδthisὅδε · accusative singular neuter pronounmodifies θαῦμαὀφθαλμοῖσινwith my eyesὀφθαλμός · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ὁρῶμαιὁρῶμαιI beholdὁράω · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 287
how once again he has risen, escaping the fates of death—
οἷονhowοἷος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀνέστηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτin turnαὖτε · adverbadverbial to ἀνέστηἐξαῦτιςagainἐξαῦτις · adverbadverbial to ἀνέστηἀνέστηrose upἀνίστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκῆραςfatesκήρ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἀλύξαςἀλύξαςhaving escapedἀλύσκω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀνέστη - 288
Hector! Surely the heart of every man expected him
Metre
Ἕκτωρἦθήνμιν‖μάλαἔλπετοθυμὸςἑκάστου
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀνέστηἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleθήνsurelyθήν · particlesentence particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of θανέεινμάλαveryμάλα · adverbadverbial to ἔλπετοἔλπετοexpectedἔλπω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθυμὸςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔλπετοἑκάστουeveryἕκαστος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμὸς - 289
to die beneath the hands of Telamonian Ajax.
Metre
χερσὶνὑπΑἴαντος‖θανέεινΤελαμωνιάδαο
χερσὶνhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of ὑπ̓ὑπbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionΑἴαντοςAjax'sΑἴας · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies χερσὶνθανέεινto dieθνήσκω · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἔλπετοΤελαμωνιάδαοson of TelamonΤελαμωνιάδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Αἴαντος - 290
But once again some god has drawn him away and saved
Metre
ἀλλάτιςαὖτεθεῶν‖ἐρρύσατοκαὶἐσάωσεν
ἀλλάbutἀλλά · conjunctionsentence particleτιςsomeoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καὶαὖτεin turnαὖτε · adverbadverbial to καὶθεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τιςἐρρύσατοrescuedῥύομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐσάωσενsavedσώζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 291
Hector, who has loosed the knees of many Danaans,
Metre
Ἕκτορὃδὴπολλῶν‖Δαναῶνὑπὸγούνατἔλυσεν
ἝκτορHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔλυσενδὴindeedδή · particleemphasizing particleπολλῶνmanyπολύς · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ΔαναῶνΔαναῶνof the DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies γούνατ̓ὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionemphasizing particleγούνατkneesγόνυ · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔλυσενἔλυσενloosedἐλύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἕκτοῤ - 292
as I think he will now again; for not without
Metre
ὡςκαὶνῦνἔσσεσθαι‖ὀΐομαιοὐγὰρἄτεργε
ὡςasὡς · adverbadverbial to ὀΐομαικαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἔσσεσθαιἔσσεσθαιhe will beεἰμί · future middle infinitiveobject of ὀΐομαιὀΐομαιI thinkοἴομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbadverbial to ἔλυσενοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἄτερwithoutἄτερ · prepositionprepositionγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particle - 293
loud-thundering Zeus does he stand in the front, so eager for battle.
Metre
Ζηνὸςἐριγδούπου‖πρόμοςἵσταταιὧδεμενοινῶν
Ζηνὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to ἄτερἐριγδούπουloud-thunderingἐρίγδουπος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ζηνὸςπρόμοςin the frontπρόμος · nominative singular masculine nouncircumstantial complementἵσταταιstandsἵστημι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὧδεthusὧδε · adverbadverbial to μενοινῶνμενοινῶνeagerμενοινάω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἵσταται - 294
Come, then, let all of us obey as I shall say:
Metre
ἀλλἄγεθὡςἂνἐγὼν‖εἴπωπειθώμεθαπάντες
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἄγεθcome thenἄγε · adverbsentence particleὡςasὡς · adverbadverbial to εἴπωἂνwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἐγὼνIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἴπωεἴπωsayεἶπον · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to πειθώμεθαπειθώμεθαlet us obeyπείθω · present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbπάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of πειθώμεθα - 295
let us order the mass of men to return toward the ships;
Metre
πληθὺνμὲνποτὶνῆας‖ἀνώξομενἀπονέεσθαι
πληθὺνthe throngπληθύς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀνώξομενμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleποτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ποτὶἀνώξομενlet us orderἄνωγα · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbἀπονέεσθαιreturn homeἀπονέομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἀνώξομεν - 296
but we ourselves, all who boast we are best in the army,
Metre
αὐτοὶὅσσοιἄριστοι‖ἐνὶστρατῷεὐχόμεθεἶναι
αὐτοὶwe ourselvesαὐτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅσσοιall whoὅσος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of εὐχόμεθ̓ἄριστοιbestἄριστος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionστρατῷthe armyστρατός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνὶεὐχόμεθboastεὔχομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verbverb of a clause describing αὐτοὶεἶναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of εὐχόμεθ̓ - 297
let us stand, and see if we may first hold him by meeting him
Metre
στήομενεἴκενπρῶτον‖ἐρύξομενἀντιάσαντες
στήομενlet us standἵστημι · present active subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκενwouldἄν · particlesentence particleπρῶτονfirstπρῶτος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐρύξομενἐρύξομενmay hold backἐρύκω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to εἴἀντιάσαντεςmeetἀντιάω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐρύξομεν - 298
with spears held high; for all his fury, I think
δούρατspearsδόρυ · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἀνασχόμενοιἀνασχόμενοιheld highἀνέχω · aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐρύξομεντὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of δείσεσθαιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἴωI thinkοἴομαι · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleμεμαῶταeagerμέμαα · perfect active participle, accusative singular masculineadverbial to δείσεσθαι - 299
his heart will fear to plunge into the throng of Danaans.
Metre
θυμῷδείσεσθαι‖Δαναῶνκαταδῦναιὅμιλον
θυμῷheartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to δείσεσθαιδείσεσθαιwill fearδείδω · future middle infinitiveobject of οἴωΔαναῶνof the DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ὅμιλονκαταδῦναιto enterκαταδύω · aorist active infinitiveobject of δείσεσθαιὅμιλονthe throngὅμιλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καταδῦναι - 300
So he spoke, and they listened closely and obeyed him.
Metre
ὣςἔφαθοἳἄρατοῦ‖μάλαμὲνκλύονἠδὲπίθοντο
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφαθ̓ἔφαθhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἠδὲδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτοῦhimὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of κλύονμάλαveryμάλα · adverbadverbial to κλύονμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκλύονlistenedκλύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordπίθοντοobeyedπείθω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 301
Those around Ajax and lord Idomeneus,
Metre
οἳμὲνἄρἀμφΑἴαντα‖καὶἸδομενῆαἄνακτα
οἳthoseὁ · nominative plural masculine articlesubject of ἤρτυνονμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἀμφaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionΑἴανταAjaxΑἴας · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies τ̓καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἸδομενῆαIdomeneusἸδομενεύς · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies τ̓ἄνακταlordἄναξ · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἰδομενῆα - 302
Teucer and Meriones and Meges, equal to Ares,
Metre
ΤεῦκρονΜηριόνην‖τεΜέγηνἀτάλαντονἌρηϊ
ΤεῦκρονTeucerΤεῦκρος · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies τ̓ΜηριόνηνMerionesΜηριόνης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies τ̓τεandτε · particlesentence particleΜέγηνMegesΜέγης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies τ̓τandτε · particlecoordinating wordἀτάλαντονequalἀτάλαντος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜέγηνἌρηϊAresἌρης · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἀτάλαντον - 303
marshaled the fight after calling the best men
Metre
ὑσμίνηνἤρτυνον‖ἀριστῆαςκαλέσαντες
ὑσμίνηνcombatὑσμίνη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἤρτυνονἤρτυνονmarshaledἀρτύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀριστῆαςprincesἀριστεύς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καλέσαντεςκαλέσαντεςcalledκαλέω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἤρτυνον - 304
to face Hector and the Trojans; but behind them
Metre
ἝκτορικαὶΤρώεσσιν‖ἐναντίοναὐτὰρὀπίσσω
ἝκτοριHectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΤρώεσσινto the TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to καὶἐναντίονto faceἐναντίον · adverbprepositionαὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὀπίσσωbehindὀπίσω · adverbobject of ἀπονέοντο - 305
the mass of men returned toward the ships of the Achaeans.
Metre
ἣπληθὺςἐπὶνῆας‖Ἀχαιῶνἀπονέοντο
ἣtheὁ · nominative singular feminine articlemodifies πληθὺςπληθὺςthrongπληθύς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἀπονέοντοἐπὶtowardἐπί · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπὶἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies νῆαςἀπονέοντοwent awayἀπονέομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 306
The Trojans struck forward in a mass, and Hector led them,
Metre
Τρῶεςδὲπροὔτυψαν‖ἀολλέεςἦρχεἄρἝκτωρ
ΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of προὔτυψανδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπροὔτυψανstruck forwardπροτύπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀολλέεςin one massἀολλής · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἦρχεwas leaderἄρχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἦρχε - 307
striding long; before him went Phoebus Apollo,
Metre
μακρὰβιβάςπρόσθεν‖δὲκίαὐτοῦΦοῖβοςἈπόλλων
μακρὰlongμακρός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to βιβάςβιβάςstridingβίβημι · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἦρχεπρόσθενbeforeπρόσθεν · prepositionprepositionδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleκίwentκίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαὐτοῦhimαὐτός · genitive singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to πρόσθενΦοῖβοςPhoebusΦοῖβος · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈπόλλωνἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κί̓ - 308
his shoulders clothed in cloud, and he held the furious aegis,
Metre
εἱμένοςὤμοιιν‖νεφέληνἔχεαἰγίδαθοῦριν
εἱμένοςclothedἕννυμι · perfect passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κί̓ὤμοιινshouldersὦμος · dative dual masculine nounadverbial to εἱμένοςνεφέληνa cloudνεφέλη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἱμένοςἔχεheldἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαἰγίδαaegisαἰγίς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔχεθοῦρινfuriousθοῦρις · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies αἰγίδα - 309
terrible, fringed all around, and splendid, which the smith
Metre
δεινὴνἀμφιδάσειαν‖ἀριπρεπέἣνἄραχαλκεὺς
δεινὴνdreadδεινός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies αἰγίδαἀμφιδάσειανfringed all aroundἀμφίδασυς · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies αἰγίδαἀριπρεπέsplendidἀριπρεπής · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies αἰγίδαἣνwhichὅς · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of δῶκεἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleχαλκεὺςbronzesmithχαλκεύς · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἥφαιστος - 310
Hephaestus gave Zeus to bear for the rout of men.
Metre
ἭφαιστοςΔιὶδῶκε‖φορήμεναιἐςφόβονἀνδρῶν
ἭφαιστοςHephaestusἭφαιστος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δῶκεΔιὶZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of δῶκεδῶκεgaveδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing αἰγίδαφορήμεναιto bearφορέω · present active infinitiveadverbial to δῶκεἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionφόβονroutφόβος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐςἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies φόβον - 311
Holding it in his hands, Apollo led the troops.
Metre
τὴνἄρὅἐνχείρεσσιν‖ἔχωνἡγήσατολαῶν
τὴνitὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ἔχωνἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἡγήσατογindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionχείρεσσινhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐνἔχωνholdingἔχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἡγήσατοἡγήσατοledἡγέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbλαῶνthe troopsλαός · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἡγήσατο - 312
The Argives stood their ground in a mass, and a sharp cry rose
Metre
Ἀργεῖοιὑπέμειναν‖ἀολλέεςὦρτοἀϋτὴ
Ἀργεῖοιthe ArgivesἈργεῖος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ὑπέμεινανδandδέ · particlesentence particleὑπέμεινανheld their groundὑπομένω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀολλέεςin one massἀολλής · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementὦρτοaroseὄρνυμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἀϋτὴthe battle-cryἀυτή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ὦρτο - 313
from both sides, while arrows leapt from the bowstrings;
ὀξεῖsharpὀξύς · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀϋτὴἀμφοτέρωθενon either sideἀμφοτέρωθεν · adverbadverbial to ὦρτοἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionνευρῆφιbowstringsνευρά · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἀπὸδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὀϊστοὶarrowsὀιστός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of θρῷσκον - 314
and many spears flew from the hands of daring men.
θρῷσκονflewθρῴσκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπολλὰmanyπολύς · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δοῦραδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleδοῦραspearsδόρυ · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of πήγνυτ̓θρασειάωνboldθρασύς · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies χειρῶνἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionχειρῶνhandsχείρ · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to ἀπὸ - 315
Some lodged in the flesh of young men skilled in war,
Metre
ἄλλαμὲνἐνχροῒπήγνυτ‖ἀρηϊθόωναἰζηῶν
ἄλλαsomeἄλλος · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δοῦραμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionχροῒfleshχρώς · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐνπήγνυτlodgedπήγνυμι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀρηϊθόωνbattle-ragingἀρηίθοος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies αἰζηῶναἰζηῶνyoung menαἰζηός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies χροῒ - 316
and many, midway before they could graze white flesh,
Metre
πολλὰδὲκαὶμεσσηγὺ‖πάροςχρόαλευκὸνἐπαυρεῖν
πολλὰmanyπολύς · nominative plural neuter adjectivesubject of ἵσταντοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleμεσσηγὺbetweenμεσηγύ · adverbadverbial to ἵσταντοπάροςbeforeπάρος · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionχρόαskinχρώς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπαυρεῖνλευκὸνwhiteλευκός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χρόαἐπαυρεῖνto grazeἐπαυρέω · aorist active infinitiveadverbial to πάρος - 317
and stood in the earth, longing to glut themselves on flesh.
Metre
ἐνγαίῃἵσταντο‖λιλαιόμεναχροὸςἆσαι
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionγαίῃthe groundγαῖα · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνἵσταντοstoodἵστημι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbλιλαιόμεναlonging forλιλαίομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural neuteradverbial to ἵσταντοχροὸςfleshχρώς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἆσαιἆσαιto glut themselvesἄω · aorist active infinitiveobject of λιλαιόμενα - 318
So long as Phoebus Apollo held the aegis still in his hands,
Metre
ὄφραμὲναἰγίδαχερσὶν‖ἔχἀτρέμαΦοῖβοςἈπόλλων
ὄφραas long asὄφρα · adverbadverbial to ἔχ̓μὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleαἰγίδαaegisαἰγίς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔχ̓χερσὶνhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἔχ̓ἔχheldἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to τόφραἀτρέμαstillἀτρέμας · adverbadverbial to ἔχ̓ΦοῖβοςPhoebusΦοῖβος · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈπόλλωνἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔχ̓ - 319
the weapons struck both sides, and the people fell.
Metre
τόφραμάλἀμφοτέρων‖βέλεἥπτετοπῖπτεδὲλαός
τόφραmeanwhileτόφρα · adverbadverbial to δὲμάλforcefullyμάλα · adverbadverbial to ἥπτετοἀμφοτέρωνof bothἀμφότερος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies βέλἐβέλεweaponsβέλος · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of ἥπτετοἥπτετοstruckἅπτω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπῖπτεfellπίπτω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordλαόςmenλαός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πῖπτε - 320
But when he looked straight into the faces of the swift-horsed Danaans
Metre
αὐτὰρἐπεὶκατἐνῶπα‖ἰδὼνΔαναῶνταχυπώλων
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · adverbadverbial to δ̓κατstraight atκατά · prepositionprepositionἐνῶπαthe facesἐνωπή · adverbobject of κατ̓ἰδὼνseeingεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to σεῖσ̓Δαναῶνof the DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἐνῶπαταχυπώλωνswift-horsedταχύπωλος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies Δαναῶν - 321
and shook it, then himself cried out very loud, their hearts
Metre
σεῖσἐπὶαὐτὸςἄϋσε‖μάλαμέγατοῖσιδὲθυμὸν
σεῖσshook itσείω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓ἐπὶat themἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἄϋσεcried outαὔω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓μάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleμέγαloudlyμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἄϋσετοῖσιtheirὁ · dative plural masculine pronounmodifies θυμὸνδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleθυμὸνheartsθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔθελξε - 322
he bewitched within their breasts, and they forgot their furious valor.
Metre
ἐνστήθεσσινἔθελξε‖λάθοντοδὲθούριδοςἀλκῆς
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσινtheir breastsστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounmodifies ἐνἔθελξεbewitchedθέλγω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbλάθοντοforgotλανθάνω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordθούριδοςfuriousθοῦρις · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀλκῆςἀλκῆςvalorἀλκή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of λάθοντο - 323
As when two wild beasts drive a herd of cattle or a great flock
Metre
οἳὥςἠὲβοῶν‖ἀγέληνἢπῶϋμέγοἰῶν
οἳtheὁ · nominative plural masculine articlemodifies Ἀχαιοὶδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὥςasὡς · adverbadverbial to κλονέωσιτandτε · particlesentence particleἠὲorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleβοῶνof oxenβοῦς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἀγέληνἀγέληνa herdἀγέλη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἢἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordπῶϋflockπῶυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἢμέγgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πῶϋοἰῶνof sheepὄις · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies πῶϋ - 324
of sheep in the dead of black night,
Metre
θῆρεδύωκλονέωσι‖μελαίνηςνυκτὸςἀμολγῷ
θῆρεwild beastsθήρ · nominative dual masculine nounsubject of κλονέωσιδύωtwoδύο · numeralmodifies θῆρεκλονέωσιdriveκλονέω · present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὣςμελαίνηςblackμέλας · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies νυκτὸςνυκτὸςnightνύξ · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἀμολγῷἀμολγῷdead of nightἀμολγός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐλθόντ̓ - 325
coming suddenly when the herdsman is not there,
Metre
ἐλθόντἐξαπίνης‖σημάντοροςοὐπαρεόντος
ἐλθόντcomingἔρχομαι · aorist active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to κλονέωσιἐξαπίνηςsuddenlyἐξαπίνης · adverbadverbial to ἐλθόντ̓σημάντοροςherdsmanσημάντωρ · genitive singular masculine nounsubject of παρεόντοςοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleπαρεόντοςbeing thereπάρειμι · present active participle, genitive singular masculineadverbial to κλονέωσι - 326
so the Achaeans fled without strength; for Apollo
Metre
ὣςἐφόβηθενἈχαιοὶ‖ἀνάλκιδεςἐνγὰρἈπόλλων
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐφόβηθενἐφόβηθενfled in routφοβέω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἈχαιοὶthe AchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἐφόβηθενἀνάλκιδεςwithout strengthἄναλκις · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχαιοὶἐνinἐν · prepositionemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἧκε - 327
sent panic among them and gave glory to the Trojans and Hector.
Metre
ἧκεφόβονΤρωσὶν‖δὲκαὶἝκτορικῦδοςὄπαζεν
ἧκεsentἵημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφόβονpanicφόβος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἧκεΤρωσὶνTrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of καὶδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἝκτοριHectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ὄπαζενὄπαζενgaveὀπάζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 328
There man slew man as the battle scattered.
Metre
ἔνθαἀνὴρἕλενἄνδρα‖κεδασθείσηςὑσμίνης
ἔνθαthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἕλενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀνὴρmanἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἕλενἕλενslewαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄνδραmanἀνήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἕλενκεδασθείσηςscatteredκεδάννυμι · aorist passive participle, genitive singular feminineadverbial to ἕλενὑσμίνηςcombatὑσμίνη · genitive singular feminine nounsubject of κεδασθείσης - 329
Hector killed Stichius and Arcesilaus,
Metre
ἝκτωρμὲνΣτιχίον‖τεκαὶἈρκεσίλαονἔπεφνε
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔπεφνεμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleΣτιχίονStichiusΣτιχίος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἈρκεσίλαονArcesilausἈρκεσίλαος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἔπεφνεkilledθείνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 330
the one a leader of the bronze-clad Boeotians,
Metre
τὸνμὲνΒοιωτῶν‖ἡγήτοραχαλκοχιτώνων
τὸνtheὁ · accusative singular masculine articlemodifies ἡγήτοραμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleΒοιωτῶνof the BoeotiansΒοιωτός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἡγήτοραἡγήτοραleaderἡγήτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of δὲχαλκοχιτώνωνbronze-cladχαλκοχίτων · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies Βοιωτῶν - 331
the other a trusted companion of great-hearted Menestheus;
Metre
τὸνδὲΜενεσθῆος‖μεγαθύμουπιστὸνἑταῖρον
τὸνtheὁ · accusative singular masculine articlemodifies ἑταῖρονδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΜενεσθῆοςMenestheus'sΜενεσθεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἑταῖρονμεγαθύμουgreat-heartedμεγάθυμος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Μενεσθῆοςπιστὸνtrustyπιστός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἑταῖρονἑταῖρονcompanionἑταῖρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of δὲ - 332
and Aeneas killed and stripped Medon and Iasus.
Metre
ΑἰνείαςδὲΜέδοντα‖καὶἼασονἐξενάριξεν
ΑἰνείαςAeneasΑἰνείας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐξενάριξενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΜέδονταMedonΜέδων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἼασονIasusἼασος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἐξενάριξενslew and strippedἐξεναρίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 333
Now Medon was the bastard son of noble Oileus
Metre
ἤτοιὃμὲννόθοςυἱὸς‖Ὀϊλῆοςθείοιο
ἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies Μέδωνμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleνόθοςbastardνόθος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱὸςυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate nounὈϊλῆοςOileusὈιλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸςθείοιοgodlikeθεῖος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ὀϊλῆος - 334
and brother of Ajax; but he dwelt
Metre
ἔσκεΜέδωνΑἴαντος‖ἀδελφεόςαὐτὰρἔναιεν
ἔσκεwasεἰμί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΜέδωνMedonμέδω · present active participle, nominative singular masculinesubject of ἔσκεΑἴαντοςAjax'sΑἴας · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἀδελφεόςἀδελφεόςbrotherἀδελφός · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Μέδωναὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἔναιενlivedναίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 335
in Phylace, away from his fatherland, after killing a man,
Metre
ἐνΦυλάκῃγαίης‖ἄποπατρίδοςἄνδρακατακτὰς
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionΦυλάκῃPhylaceΦυλάκη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνγαίηςlandγαῖα · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἄποἄποaway fromἀπό · prepositionprepositionπατρίδοςnativeπατρίς · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies γαίηςἄνδραmanἀνήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κατακτὰςκατακτὰςafter killingκατακτείνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔναιεν - 336
a kinsman of his stepmother Eriopis, whom Oileus had as wife;
Metre
γνωτὸνμητρυιῆς‖ἘριώπιδοςἣνἔχὈϊλεύς
γνωτὸνa kinsmanγνωτός · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ἄνδραμητρυιῆςstepmotherμητρυιά · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἘριώπιδοςἘριώπιδοςEriopisἘριῶπις · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies γνωτὸνἣνwhomὅς · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ἔχ̓ἔχhad as wifeἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἘριώπιδοςὈϊλεύςOileusὈιλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔχ̓ - 337
Iasus, in turn, had become a leader of the Athenians,
Metre
Ἴασοςαὖτἀρχὸς‖μὲνἈθηναίωνἐτέτυκτο
ἼασοςIasusἼασος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐτέτυκτοαὖτin turnαὖτε · adverbsentence particleἀρχὸςleaderἀρχός · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate nounμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἈθηναίωνof the AtheniansἈθηναῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀρχὸςἐτέτυκτοhad becomeτεύχω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 338
and was called the son of Sphelus, son of Bucolus.
Metre
υἱὸςδὲΣφήλοιο‖καλέσκετοΒουκολίδαο
υἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate nounδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΣφήλοιοSphelusΣφῆλος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸςκαλέσκετοwas calledκαλέω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΒουκολίδαοson of BucolusΒουκολίδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Σφήλοιο - 339
Polydamas killed Mecisteus, and Polites Echion
Metre
ΜηκιστῆἕλεΠουλυδάμας‖ἘχίονδὲΠολίτης
ΜηκιστῆMecisteusΜηκιστεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἕλεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἕλεkilledαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΠουλυδάμαςPolydamasΠουλυδάμας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἕλεἘχίονEchionἘχίος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleΠολίτηςPolitesΠολίτης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 340
in the first onset, while godlike Agenor killed Clonius.
πρώτῃfirstπρῶτος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ὑσμίνῃἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionὑσμίνῃcombatὑσμίνη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνΚλονίονCloniusΚλονίος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἕλεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἕλεkilledαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδῖοςgodlikeδῖος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈγήνωρἈγήνωρAgenorἈγήνωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἕλε - 341
Paris struck Deiochus from behind in the lowest part of the shoulder
Metre
ΔηΐοχονδὲΠάρις‖βάλενείατονὦμονὄπισθε
ΔηΐοχονDeiochusΔηίοχος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of βάλεδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleΠάριςParisΠάρις · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of βάλεβάλεstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνείατονlowestνέατος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὦμονὦμονshoulderὦμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of βάλεὄπισθεbehindὄπισθεν · adverbadverbial to βάλε - 342
as he fled among the foremost fighters, and drove the bronze straight through.
Metre
φεύγοντἐνπρομάχοισι‖διὰπρὸδὲχαλκὸνἔλασσεν
φεύγοντas he fledφεύγω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionπρομάχοισιamong the championsπρόμαχος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐνδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionemphasizing particleπρὸstraight throughπρό · prepositionobject of ἔλασσενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχαλκὸνbronzeχαλκός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔλασσενἔλασσενdroveἐλαύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 343
While they stripped the armor from these men, the Achaeans
Metre
ὄφροἳτοὺςἐνάριζον‖ἀπἔντεατόφραἈχαιοὶ
ὄφρwhileὄφρα · adverbadverbial to ἐνάριζονοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐνάριζοντοὺςthemὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ἐνάριζονἐνάριζονwere strippingἐναρίζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to τόφραἀπfromἀπό · prepositionemphasizing particleἔντεαarmorἔντεα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐνάριζοντόφραmeanwhileτόφρα · adverbadverbial to φέβοντοδandδέ · particlesentence particleἈχαιοὶthe AchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of φέβοντο - 344
struck against the dug trench and its stakes
Metre
τάφρῳκαὶσκολόπεσσιν‖ἐνιπλήξαντεςὀρυκτῇ
τάφρῳthe trenchτάφρος · dative singular feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordσκολόπεσσινwith stakesσκόλοψ · dative plural masculine nounobject of καὶἐνιπλήξαντεςstriking againstἐμπλήσσω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to φέβοντοὀρυκτῇdugὀρυκτός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies τάφρῳ - 345
and fled this way and that, forced to pass within the wall.
Metre
ἔνθακαὶἔνθαφέβοντο‖δύοντοδὲτεῖχοςἀνάγκῃ
ἔνθαthis wayἔνθα · adverbadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἔνθαthat wayἔνθα · adverbadverbial to καὶφέβοντοfledφέβομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδύοντοpassed withinδύω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of δύοντοἀνάγκῃby forceἀνάγκη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to δύοντο - 346
Then Hector called to the Trojans with a far-carrying shout:
Metre
ἝκτωρδὲΤρώεσσιν‖ἐκέκλετομακρὸνἀΰσας
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐκέκλετοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΤρώεσσινto the TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐκέκλετοἐκέκλετοcalledκέλομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμακρὸνloudlyμακρός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀΰσαςἀΰσαςshoutingαὔω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐκέκλετο - 347
Rush upon the ships, and leave the blood-stained spoils!
Metre
νηυσὶνἐπισσεύεσθαι‖ἐᾶνἔναραβροτόεντα
νηυσὶνthe shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπισσεύεσθαιἐπισσεύεσθαιrush uponἐπισεύω · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of δ̓ἐᾶνleaveἐάω · present active infinitiveobject of δ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔναραthe spoilsἔναρα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐᾶνβροτόενταbloodstainedβροτόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔναρα - 348
Whomever I see apart from the ships, off on the other side,
ὃνwhomὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of νοήσωδandδέ · particlesentence particleἂνeverἄν · particlesentence particleἐγὼνIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of νοήσωἀπάνευθεapart fromἀπάνευθε · prepositionprepositionνεῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to ἀπάνευθεἑτέρωθιelsewhereἑτέρωθι · adverbadverbial to ὃννοήσωI seeνοέω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbverb of a clause describing οἱ - 349
there I shall devise his death; nor shall his
Metre
αὐτοῦοἱθάνατον‖μητίσομαιοὐδένυτόνγε
αὐτοῦthereαὐτοῦ · adverbadverbial to μητίσομαιοἱfor himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to μητίσομαιθάνατονdeathθάνατος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of μητίσομαιμητίσομαιI shall deviseμητίομαι · future middle indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbνυthenνῦν · adverbsentence particleτόνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of λελάχωσιγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particle - 350
brothers and sisters allot him fire when he is dead,
Metre
γνωτοίτεγνωταί‖τεπυρὸςλελάχωσιθανόντα
γνωτοίbrothersγνωτός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleγνωταίsistersγνωτός · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordπυρὸςfireπυρός · nominative singular masculine nounobject of λελάχωσιλελάχωσιshall allotλαγχάνω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbmain verbθανόνταwhen deadθνήσκω · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 351
but dogs shall drag him before our city.
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordκύνεςdogsκύων · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἐρύουσιἐρύουσιshall dragἐρύω · future active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπρὸbeforeπρό · prepositionprepositionἄστεοςcityἄστυ · genitive singular neuter nounadverbial to πρὸἡμετέροιοourἡμέτερος · genitive singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἄστεος - 352
So speaking, he brought the whip down across the horses’ shoulders,
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνμάστιγι‖κατωμαδὸνἤλασενἵππους
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἤλασενμάστιγιwhipμάστιξ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἤλασενκατωμαδὸνacross the shouldersκατωμαδόν · adverbadverbial to ἤλασενἤλασενstruckἐλαύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἤλασεν - 353
calling to the Trojans along their ranks; and together with him
Metre
κεκλόμενοςΤρώεσσι‖κατὰστίχαςοἳδὲσὺναὐτῷ
κεκλόμενοςcallingκέλομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἤλασενΤρώεσσιthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of κεκλόμενοςκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionστίχαςranksστίξ · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to κατὰοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἔχονδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionαὐτῷhimαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to σὺν - 354
they all shouted and drove their chariot-drawing horses
πάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies οἳὁμοκλήσαντεςshouting togetherὁμοκλέω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἔχονἔχονdroveἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐρυσάρματαςchariot-drawingἐρυσάρματες · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἔχον - 355
amid a wondrous din. Before them Phoebus Apollo
Metre
ἠχῇθεσπεσίῃ‖προπάροιθεδὲΦοῖβοςἈπόλλων
ἠχῇwith a roarἠχή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἔχονθεσπεσίῃwondrousθεσπέσιος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἠχῇπροπάροιθεbeforeπροπάροιθε · adverbadverbial to κατέβαλλεδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleΦοῖβοςPhoebusΦοῖβος · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈπόλλωνἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κατέβαλλε - 356
easily broke down with his feet the banks of the deep trench
Metre
ῥεῖὄχθαςκαπέτοιο‖βαθείηςποσσὶνἐρείπων
ῥεῖeasilyῥεῖα · adverbadverbial to ἐρείπωνὄχθαςthe banksὄχθη · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐρείπωνκαπέτοιοtrenchκάπετος · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ὄχθαςβαθείηςdeepβαθύς · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies καπέτοιοποσσὶνfeetπούς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἐρείπωνἐρείπωνbreaking downἐρείπω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κατέβαλλε - 357
and cast them into its middle, bridging a path
Metre
ἐςμέσσονκατέβαλλε‖γεφύρωσενδὲκέλευθον
ἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionμέσσονthe middleμέσος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveobject of ἐςκατέβαλλεcastκαταβάλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγεφύρωσενbridgedγεφυρόω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκέλευθονpathκέλευθος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of γεφύρωσεν - 358
long and broad, as far as the cast of a spear
μακρὴνlongμακρός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἠδ̓ἠδandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordεὐρεῖανwideεὐρύς · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἠδ̓ὅσονas far asὅσος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐπὶτandτε · particlesentence particleἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionδουρὸςspearδόρυ · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies ἐρωὴἐρωὴcastἐρωή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of γίγνεται - 359
when a man throws while testing his strength.
Metre
γίγνεταιὁππότἀνὴρ‖σθένεοςπειρώμενοςᾗσι
γίγνεταιreachesγίγνομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to γεφύρωσενὁππότwheneverὁπότε · adverbadverbial to ᾗσιἀνὴρmanἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ᾗσισθένεοςstrengthσθένος · genitive singular neuter nounobject of πειρώμενοςπειρώμενοςtestingπειράω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ᾗσιᾗσιthrowsἵημι · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to γίγνεται - 360
Along it they poured forward in ranks, and before them Apollo
Metre
τῇοἵγεπροχέοντο‖φαλαγγηδόνπρὸἈπόλλων
τῇalong itτῇ · adverbadverbial to προχέοντοῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleοἵtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of προχέοντογεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleπροχέοντοpoured forwardπροχέω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbφαλαγγηδόνin ranksφαλαγγηδόν · adverbadverbial to προχέοντοπρὸbeforeπρό · adverbemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 361
held the honored aegis; then he toppled the Achaeans’ wall
Metre
αἰγίδἔχωνἐρίτιμον‖ἔρειπεδὲτεῖχοςἈχαιῶν
αἰγίδthe aegisαἰγίς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔχωνἔχωνholdingἔχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbialἐρίτιμονpreciousἐρίτιμος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies αἰγίδ̓ἔρειπεtoppledἐρείπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔρειπεἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τεῖχος - 362
very easily, as when a child beside the sea makes sand
Metre
ῥεῖαμάλὡςὅτετις‖ψάμαθονπάϊςἄγχιθαλάσσης
ῥεῖαeasilyῥεῖα · adverbadverbial to ἔρειπεμάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleὡςasὡς · adverbemphasizing particleὅτεwhenὅτε · adverbadverbialτιςsomeτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies πάϊςψάμαθονsandψάμαθος · accusative singular feminine nounobjectπάϊςchildπαῖς · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἄγχιnearἄγχι · prepositionprepositionθαλάσσηςof the seaθάλασσα · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἄγχι - 363
toys, once he has fashioned them in childish play,
ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of συνέχευετandτε · particlesentence particleἐπεὶonceἐπεί · adverbadverbial to ποιήσῃοὖνthenοὖν · particlesentence particleποιήσῃhas fashionedποιέω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to συνέχευεἀθύρματαtoysἄθυρμα · accusative plural neuter nouncomplement of ποιήσῃνηπιέῃσινin childish playνηπιάα · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ποιήσῃ - 364
and then scatters them again with hands and feet as he plays.
Metre
ἂψαὖτιςσυνέχευε‖ποσὶνκαὶχερσὶνἀθύρων
ἂψbackἄψ · adverbadverbial to συνέχευεαὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbadverbial to συνέχευεσυνέχευεscattersσυγχέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing πάϊςποσὶνhis feetπούς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordχερσὶνhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to καὶἀθύρωνas he playsἀθύρω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to συνέχευε - 365
So you, archer Phoebus, the Argives’ great toil and misery
Metre
ὥςῥασὺἤϊεΦοῖβε‖πολὺνκάματονκαὶὀϊζὺν
ὥςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to σύγχεαςῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleσὺyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of σύγχεαςἤϊεarcherἤιος · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies ΦοῖβεΦοῖβεPhoebusΦοῖβος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headπολὺνgreatπολύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies κάματονκάματονwearinessκάματος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὀϊζὺνmiseryὀιζύς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶ - 366
brought all to ruin, and stirred panic flight among them.
Metre
σύγχεαςἈργείων‖αὐτοῖσιδὲφύζανἐνῶρσας
σύγχεαςbrought to ruinσυγχέω · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἈργείωνArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καὶαὐτοῖσιthemαὐτός · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐνῶρσαςδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordφύζανroutφύζα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐνῶρσαςἐνῶρσαςstirred upἐνόρνυμι · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 367
So they halted beside the ships and held their ground,
Metre
ὣςοἳμὲνπαρὰνηυσὶν‖ἐρητύοντομένοντες
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐρητύοντοοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of καὶμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶνthe shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to παρὰἐρητύοντοhaltedἐρητύω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbμένοντεςholding groundμένω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐρητύοντο - 368
calling to one another and to all the gods,
Metre
ἀλλήλοισίτεκεκλόμενοι‖καὶπᾶσιθεοῖσι
ἀλλήλοισίone anotherἀλλήλων · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of κεκλόμενοιτεandτε · particlesentence particleκεκλόμενοιcallingκέλομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐρητύοντοκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπᾶσιallπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοῖσιθεοῖσιgodsθεός · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀνίσχοντες - 369
each lifting his hands and praying aloud.
Metre
χεῖραςἀνίσχοντες‖μεγάλεὐχετόωντοἕκαστος
χεῖραςhandsχείρ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἀνίσχοντεςἀνίσχοντεςliftingἀνέχω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to εὐχετόωντομεγάλaloudμέγας · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to εὐχετόωντοεὐχετόωντοprayed aloudεὐχετάομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἕκαστοςeachἕκαστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 370
And Nestor above all, the Gerenian bulwark of the Achaeans,
Metre
Νέστωραὖτεμάλιστα‖ΓερήνιοςοὖροςἈχαιῶν
ΝέστωρNestorΝέστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εὔχετοαὖτεin turnαὖτε · adverbsentence particleμάλισταmost of allμάλιστα · adverbadverbial to εὔχετοΓερήνιοςGerenianΓερήνιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Νέστωροὖροςbulwarkοὖρος · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΝέστωρἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies οὖρος - 371
prayed, reaching his hand toward the starry sky:
Metre
εὔχετοχεῖρὀρέγων‖εἰςοὐρανὸνἀστερόεντα
εὔχετοprayedεὔχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχεῖρhis handχείρ · accusative dual feminine nounobject of ὀρέγωνὀρέγωνreachingὀρέγω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εὔχετοεἰςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionοὐρανὸνheavenοὐρανός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εἰςἀστερόενταstarryἀστερόεις · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies οὐρανὸν - 372
"Father Zeus, if ever anyone in wheat-rich Argos
Metre
Ζεῦπάτερεἴποτέτίς‖τοιἐνἌργεΐπερπολυπύρῳ
ΖεῦZeusΖεύς · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headπάτερfatherπάτηρ · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies Ζεῦεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionποτέeverποτέ · particleadverbial to εὔχετοτίςsomeoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εὔχετοτοιyouσύ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of εὔχετοἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionἌργεΐArgosἌργος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐνπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleπολυπύρῳwheat-richπολύπυρος · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies Ἄργεΐ - 373
burned rich thigh pieces of an ox or a sheep for you
Metre
ἢβοὸςἢοἰὸς‖κατὰπίοναμηρίακαίων
ἢorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleβοὸςoxβοῦς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἢἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordοἰὸςsheepὄις · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἢκατὰupκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleπίοναfatπίων · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies μηρίαμηρίαthigh piecesμηρία · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καίωνκαίωνburnedκαίω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εὔχετο - 374
and prayed to return home, and you promised and bowed assent,
Metre
εὔχετονοστῆσαι‖σὺὑπέσχεοκαὶκατένευσας
εὔχετοprayedεὔχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓νοστῆσαιto return homeνοστέω · aorist active infinitiveobject of εὔχετοσὺyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καὶδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὑπέσχεοpromisedὑπισχνέομαι · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκατένευσαςnodded assentκατανεύω · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to καὶ - 375
remember these things, Olympian, and ward off the pitiless day;
Metre
τῶνμνῆσαικαὶἄμυνον‖Ὀλύμπιενηλεὲςἦμαρ
τῶνthese thingsὁ · genitive plural neuter pronounobject of μνῆσαιμνῆσαιrememberμιμνήσκω · aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄμυνονward offἀμύνω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbὈλύμπιεOlympianὈλύμπιος · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headνηλεὲςpitilessνηλής · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦμαρἦμαρdayἦμαρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἄμυνον - 376
do not let the Trojans crush the Achaeans so."
Metre
μηδοὕτωΤρώεσσιν‖ἔαδάμνασθαιἈχαιούς
οὕτωsoοὕτως · adverbadverbial to ἔαΤρώεσσινby the TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἔαἔαletἐάω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbδάμνασθαιto be crushedδάμνημι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἔαἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine nounsubject of δάμνασθαι - 377
So he spoke in prayer, and Zeus the counselor thundered loud,
Metre
ὣςἔφατεὐχόμενος‖μέγαἔκτυπεμητίεταΖεύς
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbεὐχόμενοςprayingεὔχομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔφατ̓μέγαloudlyμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἔκτυπεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔκτυπεthunderedκτυπέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμητίεταthe counselorμητίετα · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΖεύςΖεύςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔκτυπε - 378
hearing the prayers of the old son of Neleus.
Metre
ἀράωνἀΐων‖Νηληϊάδαογέροντος
ἀράωνprayersἀρά · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἀΐωνἀΐωνhearingἀίω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔκτυπεΝηληϊάδαοson of Neleusνηληιάδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἀράωνγέροντοςold manγέρων · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Νηληϊάδαο - 379
When the Trojans heard the thunder of aegis-bearing Zeus,
ΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of δὲδandδέ · particlesentence particleὡςwhenὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐπύθοντοἐπύθοντοheardπυνθάνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to δὲΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κτύπονκτύπονthunderκτύπος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπύθοντοαἰγιόχοιοaegis-bearingαἰγίοχος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Διὸς - 380
they sprang still harder upon the Argives and remembered battle.
Metre
μᾶλλονἐπἈργείοισι‖θόρονμνήσαντοδὲχάρμης
μᾶλλονmoreμᾶλλον · adverbadverbial to θόρονἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionἈργείοισιto ArgivesἈργεῖος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐπ̓θόρονsprangθρῴσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbμνήσαντοrememberedμιμνήσκω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχάρμηςbattleχάρμη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of μνήσαντο - 381
As a great wave of the broad-pathed sea
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὥςasὡς · adverbadverbial to καταβήσεταιτεandτε · particlesentence particleμέγαgreatμέγας · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κῦμακῦμαa waveκῦμα · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of καταβήσεταιθαλάσσηςof the seaθάλασσα · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies κῦμαεὐρυπόροιοbroad-pathedεὐρύπορος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies θαλάσσης - 382
will sweep down over a ship's bulwarks when it is driven
Metre
νηὸςὑπὲρτοίχων‖καταβήσεταιὁππότἐπείγῃ
νηὸςshipναῦς · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies τοίχωνὑπὲρaboveὑπέρ · prepositionprepositionτοίχωνbulwarksτοῖχος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ὑπὲρκαταβήσεταιwill sweep downκαταβαίνω · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbialὁππότwheneverὁπότε · adverbadverbial to ἐπείγῃἐπείγῃdrives itἐπείγω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καταβήσεται - 383
by the wind's force, for that above all swells the waves,
Metre
ἲςἀνέμουἣγάρ‖τεμάλιστάγεκύματὀφέλλει
ἲςforceἴς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐπείγῃἀνέμουwindἄνεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἲςἣitὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ὀφέλλειγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτεandτε · particlesentence particleμάλιστάabove allμάλιστα · adverbadverbial to ὀφέλλειγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleκύματwavesκῦμα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ὀφέλλειὀφέλλειswellsὀφέλλω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 384
so the Trojans swept over the wall with a great cry,
Metre
ὣςΤρῶεςμεγάλῃ‖ἰαχῇκατὰτεῖχοςἔβαινον
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔβαινονΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἔβαινονμεγάλῃgreatμέγας · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἰαχῇἰαχῇa war cryἰαχή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἔβαινονκατὰoverκατά · prepositionprepositionτεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of κατὰἔβαινονwentβαίνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 385
drove their horses in, and fought beside the sterns
Metre
ἵππουςεἰσελάσαντες‖ἐπὶπρύμνῃσιμάχοντο
ἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of εἰσελάσαντεςδandδέ · particlesentence particleεἰσελάσαντεςdriving them inεἰσελαύνω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to μάχοντοἐπὶbesideἐπί · prepositionprepositionπρύμνῃσιsternsπρύμνα · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐπὶμάχοντοfoughtμάχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 386
hand to hand with double-pointed spears, some from their chariots,
Metre
ἔγχεσινἀμφιγύοις‖αὐτοσχεδόνοἳμὲνἀφἵππων
ἔγχεσινwith spearsἔγχος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to μάχοντοἀμφιγύοιςdouble-pointedἀμφίγυος · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχεσιναὐτοσχεδόνat close quartersαὐτοσχεδόν · adverbadverbial to μάχοντοοἳsomeὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubjectμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἀφfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionἵππωνhorsesἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounadverbial to ἀφ̓ - 387
the others mounted high upon the black ships
Metre
οἳἀπὸνηῶνὕψι‖μελαινάωνἐπιβάντες
οἳothersὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionνηῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to ἀπὸὕψιhighὕψι · adverbadverbialμελαινάωνblackμέλας · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηῶνἐπιβάντεςmountedἐπιβαίνω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial - 388
with long pikes that lay ready for them aboard,
Metre
μακροῖσιξυστοῖσι‖τάῥάἐπὶνηυσὶνἔκειτο
μακροῖσιwith longμακρός · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ξυστοῖσιξυστοῖσιpikesξυστόν · dative plural neuter nounadverbialτάwhichὁ · nominative plural neuter pronounsubject of ἔκειτοῥάthenἄρα · particlesentence particleσφfor themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to ἔκειτοἐπὶaboardἐπί · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶνthe shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐπὶἔκειτοlayκεῖμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ξυστοῖσι - 389
weapons for sea-fighting, well-jointed and sheathed at the tip in bronze.
Metre
ναύμαχακολλήεντα‖κατὰστόμαεἱμέναχαλκῷ
ναύμαχαfor sea-fightingναύμαχος · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τάκολλήενταwell-jointedκολλήεις · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τάκατὰatκατά · prepositionprepositionστόμαthe tipστόμα · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to κατὰεἱμέναsheathedἕννυμι · perfect passive participle, nominative plural neutermodifies τάχαλκῷwith bronzeχαλκοῦς · dative singular masculine nounobject of εἱμένα - 390
Now Patroclus, as long as Achaeans and Trojans
ΠάτροκλοςPatroclusΠάτροκλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleεἷοςwhileεἷος · adverbadverbial to ἀμφεμάχοντομὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἈχαιοίAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleΤρῶέςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 391
fought around the wall outside the swift ships,
Metre
τείχεοςἀμφεμάχοντο‖θοάωνἔκτοθινηῶν
τείχεοςthe wallτεῖχος · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἀμφεμάχοντοἀμφεμάχοντοfought aroundἀμφιμάχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to τόφῤθοάωνof the swiftθοός · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηῶνἔκτοθιoutsideἔκτοθι · prepositionprepositionνηῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to ἔκτοθι - 392
all that while sat in the hut of manly Eurypylus
Metre
τόφρὅἐνὶκλισίῃ‖ἀγαπήνοροςΕὐρυπύλοιο
τόφρall that whileτόφρα · adverbadverbial to δ̓ὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δ̓γindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionκλισίῃthe hutκλισία · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνὶἀγαπήνοροςmanlyἀγαπήνωρ · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΕὐρυπύλοιοΕὐρυπύλοιοof EurypylusΕὐρύπυλος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κλισίῃ - 393
and cheered him with talk, while on his grievous wound
Metre
ἧστότεκαὶτὸνἔτερπε‖λόγοιςἐπὶἕλκεϊλυγρῷ
ἧστόwas sittingἧμαι · pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔτερπεἔτερπεcheeredτέρπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbλόγοιςwith talkλόγος · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἔτερπεἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἕλκεϊwoundἕλκος · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἐπὶλυγρῷgrievousλυγρός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἕλκεϊ - 394
he spread healing drugs against the dark pains.
Metre
φάρμακἀκέσματἔπασσε‖μελαινάωνὀδυνάων
φάρμακdrugsφάρμακον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔπασσεἀκέσματhealingἄκεσμα · accusative plural neuter nouncircumstantial complementἔπασσεspreadπάσσω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμελαινάωνdarkμέλας · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies ὀδυνάωνὀδυνάωνof painsὀδύνη · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies ἀκέσματ̓ - 395
But when he saw the Trojans rushing upon the wall,
Metre
αὐτὰρἐπεὶδὴτεῖχος‖ἐπεσσυμένουςἐνόησε
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · adverbadverbial to ἀτὰρδὴindeedδή · particleemphasizing particleτεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐπεσσυμένουςἐπεσσυμένουςrushing uponἐπισεύω · present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complementἐνόησεsawνοέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἀτὰρ - 396
and a cry and rout arose among the Danaans,
ΤρῶαςTrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐνόησεἀτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordΔαναῶνof the DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τεγένετοaroseγίγνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἀτὰρἰαχήcryἰαχή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleφόβοςroutφόβος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 397
then he groaned aloud and struck both his thighs
ᾤμωξένgroanedοἰμώζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτandτε · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ᾤμωξένκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὣbothὅς · accusative dual masculine pronounmodifies μηρὼπεπλήγετοstruckπλήσσω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμηρὼhis thighsμηρός · accusative dual masculine nounobject of πεπλήγετο - 398
with hands outstretched, and lamenting he spoke:
χερσὶhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to πεπλήγετοκαταπρηνέσσoutstretchedκαταπρηνής · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies χερσὶὀλοφυρόμενοςlamentingὀλοφύρομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ηὔδαδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔποςwordἔπος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ηὔδαηὔδαspokeαὐδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 399
"Eurypylus, though you are in need, I can no longer
Metre
Εὐρύπυλοὐκἔτιτοι‖δύναμαιχατέοντίπερἔμπης
ΕὐρύπυλEurypylusΕὐρύπυλος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἔτιany longerἔτι · adverbadverbial to δύναμαιτοιyouσύ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of παρμενέμενδύναμαιi canδύναμαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbχατέοντίthough needing helpχατέω · present active participle, dative singular masculinecircumstantial complementπερthoughπερ · particleemphasizing particleἔμπηςstillἔμπας · adverbsentence particle - 400
remain here beside you; a great struggle has now arisen.
Metre
ἐνθάδεπαρμενέμεν‖δὴγὰρμέγανεῖκοςὄρωρεν
ἐνθάδεhereἐνθάδε · adverbadverbial to παρμενέμενπαρμενέμενremain beside youπαραμένω · present active infinitiveobject of δύναμαιEpic infinitive in -men, completing 'i can no longer.'
δὴnowδή · particlesentence particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleμέγαgreatμέγας · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies νεῖκοςνεῖκοςstrifeνεῖκος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ὄρωρενὄρωρενhas arisenὄρνυμι · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 401
Let an attendant tend you, while I
Metre
ἀλλὰσὲμὲνθεράπων‖ποτιτερπέτωαὐτὰρἔγωγε
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleσὲyouσύ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ποτιτερπέτωμὲνon one handμέν · particlesentence particleθεράπωνattendantθεράπων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ποτιτερπέτωποτιτερπέτωlet tendπροστέρπω · present active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαὐτὰρwhileἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordἔγωγεiἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of σπεύσομαι - 402
hurry to Achilles, to urge him on to war.
σπεύσομαιi will hurryσπεύδω · future middle indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbεἰςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἈχιλῆαAchillesἈχιλλεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εἰςἵνso thatἵνα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionὀτρύνωi may urgeὀτρύνω · present active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to ἵν̓πολεμίζεινto fightπολεμίζω · present active infinitiveobject of ὀτρύνω - 403
Who knows whether, with a god's aid, I may stir his spirit
τίςwhoτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of οἶδ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἶδknowsοἶδα · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκένmayἄν · particlesentence particleοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies θυμὸνσὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionδαίμονιa godδαίμων · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to σὺνθυμὸνspiritθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὀρίνωὀρίνωi may stirὀρίνω · present active subjunctive, 1st singular verbobject of εἴ - 404
by persuasion? A companion's urging is a good thing."
Metre
παρειπώνἀγαθὴ‖δὲπαραίφασίςἐστινἑταίρου
παρειπώνby persuasionπαρεῖπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὀρίνωἀγαθὴgoodἀγαθός · nominative singular feminine adjectivepredicate nounδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπαραίφασίςurgingπαραίφασις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐστινἐστινisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἑταίρουcomradeἑταῖρος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies παραίφασίς - 405
So he spoke, and his feet bore him away; but the Achaeans
Metre
τὸνμὲνἄρὣςεἰπόντα‖πόδεςφέροναὐτὰρἈχαιοὶ
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of φέρονμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπόνταεἰπόνταhaving spokenεἶπον · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementπόδεςfeetπούς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of φέρονφέρονcarried himφέρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbαὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἈχαιοὶthe AchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of μένον - 406
stood firm against the oncoming Trojans, yet could not
Metre
Τρῶαςἐπερχομένους‖μένονἔμπεδονοὐδἐδύναντο
ΤρῶαςTrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of μένονἐπερχομένουςadvancingἐπέρχομαι · present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complementμένονstood firmμένω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἔμπεδονsteadfastἔμπεδος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to μένονἐδύναντοcouldδύναμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 407
drive them back from the ships, though the Trojans were fewer;
Metre
παυροτέρουςπερἐόντας‖ἀπώσασθαιπαρὰνηῶν
παυροτέρουςfewerπαῦρος · accusative plural masculine comparative adjectivepredicate nounπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἐόνταςbeingεἰμί · present active participle, accusative plural masculineadverbial to ἀπώσασθαιἀπώσασθαιdrive backἀπωθέω · aorist middle infinitiveobject of ἐδύναντοπαρὰfromπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of παρὰ - 408
nor could the Trojans ever break the Danaans' battle lines
Metre
οὐδέποτεΤρῶες‖Δαναῶνἐδύναντοφάλαγγας
ποτεeverποτέ · particleadverbial to ἐδύναντοΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἐδύναντοΔαναῶνof the DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies φάλαγγαςἐδύναντοcouldδύναμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbφάλαγγαςbattalionsφάλαγξ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ῥηξάμενοι - 409
and mingle among their huts and ships.
Metre
ῥηξάμενοικλισίῃσι‖μιγήμεναιἠδὲνέεσσιν
ῥηξάμενοιbreaking throughῥήγνυμι · aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to μιγήμεναικλισίῃσιhutsκλισία · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἠδὲμιγήμεναιto mingleμίγνυμι · aorist passive infinitiveobject of ἐδύναντοἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordνέεσσινshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἠδὲ - 410
But as a carpenter's line straightens a ship's timber
Metre
ἀλλὥςτεστάθμη‖δόρυνήϊονἐξιθύνει
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὥςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐξιθύνειτεaτε · particlesentence particleστάθμηcarpenter's lineστάθμη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐξιθύνειδόρυtimberδόρυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐξιθύνεινήϊονfor a shipνήιος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δόρυἐξιθύνειstraightensἐξιθύνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὣς - 411
in the hands of a skilled carpenter, one who
Metre
τέκτονοςἐνπαλάμῃσι‖δαήμονοςὅςῥάτεπάσης
τέκτονοςof a carpenterτέκτων · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies παλάμῃσιἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionπαλάμῃσιhandsπαλάμη · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐνδαήμονοςskilledδαήμων · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies τέκτονοςὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἰδῇῥάthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτεandτε · particlesentence particleπάσηςallπᾶς · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies σοφίης - 412
knows every craft well through Athena's teachings,
Metre
εὖεἰδῇσοφίης‖ὑποθημοσύνῃσινἈθήνης
εὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to εἰδῇεἰδῇhe knowsοἶδα · perfect active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τέκτονοςσοφίηςcraftσοφία · genitive singular feminine nounobject of εἰδῇὑποθημοσύνῃσινthrough instructionὑποθημοσύνη · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to εἰδῇἈθήνηςAthena'sἈθήνη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ὑποθημοσύνῃσιν - 413
so evenly for them were battle and war stretched taut,
Metre
ὣςμὲντῶνἐπὶἶσα‖μάχητέτατοπτόλεμόςτε
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to τέτατομὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleτῶνof theseὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies τεἐπὶbetween themἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleἶσαevenlyἴσος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to τέτατομάχηbattleμάχη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τετέτατοwas stretched tautτείνω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπτόλεμόςwarπόλεμος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 414
while different men fought around different ships.
Metre
ἄλλοιἀμφἄλλῃσι‖μάχηνἐμάχοντονέεσσιν
ἄλλοιotherἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἐμάχοντοδandδέ · particlesentence particleἀμφaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionἄλλῃσιdifferentἄλλος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νέεσσινμάχηνbattleμάχη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐμάχοντοἐμάχοντοfoughtμάχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbνέεσσινshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἀμφ̓ - 415
But Hector went straight against glorious Ajax.
Metre
ἝκτωρἄντΑἴαντος‖ἐείσατοκυδαλίμοιο
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐείσατοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄντstraight againstἄντα · prepositionprepositionΑἴαντοςAjaxΑἴας · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἄντ̓ἐείσατοwentεἶμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκυδαλίμοιοgloriousκυδάλιμος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Αἴαντος - 416
The two labored over a single ship, and neither could
Metre
τὼδὲμιῆςπερὶνηὸς‖ἔχονπόνονοὐδὲδύναντο
τὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of ἔχονδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleμιῆςoneεἷς · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies νηὸςπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionνηὸςshipναῦς · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to περὶἔχονlaboredἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπόνονtoilπόνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔχονδύναντοcouldδύναμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 417
Hector drive Ajax off and burn the ship with fire,
Metre
οὔθὃτὸνἐξελάσαι‖καὶἐνιπρῆσαιπυρὶνῆα
οὔθneitherοὔτε · adverbsentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καὶτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐξελάσαιἐξελάσαιdrive offἐξελαύνω · aorist active infinitiveobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐνιπρῆσαιto set ablazeἐμπίμπρημι · aorist active infinitiveobject of καὶπυρὶfireπῦρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐνιπρῆσαινῆαa shipναῦς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐνιπρῆσαι - 418
nor Ajax thrust Hector back, since a god had brought him near.
Metre
οὔθὃτὸνἂψὤσασθαι‖ἐπείἐπέλασσέγεδαίμων
οὔθneitherοὔτε · adverbcoordinating wordὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ὤσασθαιτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ὤσασθαιἂψbackἄψ · adverbobject of ὤσασθαιὤσασθαιthrust backὠθέω · aorist middle infinitiveobject of οὔθ̓ἐπείsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἐπέλασσέbrought nearἐπελαύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπείγεindeedγε · particlesentence particleδαίμωνa godδαίμων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐπέλασσέ - 419
Then glorious Ajax struck Caletor, son of Clytius,
ἔνθthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to βάλευἷαsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ΚαλήτοραΚλυτίοιοClytiusΚλυτίος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἷαΚαλήτοραCaletorΚαλήτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of βάλεφαίδιμοςgloriousφαίδιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΑἴαςΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of βάλε - 420
in the chest with his spear as he carried fire toward the ship.
Metre
πῦρἐςνῆαφέροντα‖κατὰστῆθοςβάλεδουρί
πῦρfireπῦρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of φέρονταἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionνῆαa shipναῦς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐςφέρονταcarryingφέρω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionστῆθοςchestστῆθος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of κατὰβάλεstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδουρίspearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to βάλε - 421
He fell with a thud, and the firebrand dropped from his hand.
Metre
δούπησενδὲπεσών‖δαλὸςδέοἱἔκπεσεχειρός
δούπησενfell with a thudδουπέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπεσώνfallingπίπτω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δούπησενδαλὸςbrandδαλός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔκπεσεδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies χειρόςἔκπεσεfellἐκπίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχειρόςfrom his handχείρ · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἔκπεσε - 422
When Hector saw with his own eyes his cousin
Metre
Ἕκτωρὡςἐνόησεν‖ἀνεψιὸνὀφθαλμοῖσιν
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐκέκλετοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὡςwhenὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐνόησενἐνόησενsawνοέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐκέκλετοἀνεψιὸνthe cousinἀνεψιός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐνόησενὀφθαλμοῖσινwith his eyesὀφθαλμός · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἐνόησεν - 423
fallen in the dust before the black ship,
Metre
ἐνκονίῃσιπεσόντα‖νεὸςπροπάροιθεμελαίνης
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionκονίῃσιthe dustκονία · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐνπεσόνταfallenπίπτω · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementνεὸςshipναῦς · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to προπάροιθεπροπάροιθεbeforeπροπάροιθε · prepositionprepositionμελαίνηςblackμέλας · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies νεὸς - 424
he called to the Trojans and Lycians with a long shout:
Metre
ΤρωσίτεκαὶΛυκίοισιν‖ἐκέκλετομακρὸνἀΰσας
Τρωσίthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΛυκίοισινLyciansΛύκιοι · dative plural masculine nounobject of καὶἐκέκλετοcalledκέλομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμακρὸνloudlyμακρός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀΰσαςἀΰσαςshoutingαὔω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐκέκλετο - 425
"Trojans and Lycians and Dardanians, close fighters,
Metre
ΤρῶεςκαὶΛύκιοι‖καὶΔάρδανοιἀγχιμαχηταὶ
ΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleΛύκιοιLyciansΛύκιοι · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΔάρδανοιDardaniansΔάρδανος · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headἀγχιμαχηταὶclose-fightingἀγχιμαχητής · vocative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Δάρδανοι - 426
do not yet give ground in battle within this narrow place,
Metre
μὴδήπωχάζεσθε‖μάχηςἐνστείνεϊτῷδε
μὴnotμή · particleemphasizing particleδήindeedδή · particlesentence particleπωyetπω · particleadverbial to χάζεσθεχάζεσθεgive groundχάζω · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbμάχηςbattleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of χάζεσθεἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionστείνεϊnarrow placeστεῖνος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐντῷδεthisὅδε · dative singular neuter pronounmodifies στείνεϊ - 427
but save the son of Clytius before the Achaeans are able
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordυἷαsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of σαώσατεΚλυτίοιοClytiusΚλυτίος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἷασαώσατεsaveσώζω · aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbμήlestμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of συλήσωσιἈχαιοὶthe AchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of συλήσωσι - 428
to strip his armor where he fell in the gathering at the ships."
Metre
τεύχεασυλήσωσι‖νεῶνἐνἀγῶνιπεσόντα
τεύχεαarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of συλήσωσισυλήσωσιmay stripσυλάω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to μήνεῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies ἀγῶνιἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionἀγῶνιgatheringἀγών · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνπεσόνταfallenπίπτω · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 429
So speaking, he cast his shining spear at Ajax.
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνΑἴαντος‖ἀκόντισεδουρὶφαεινῷ
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀκόντισεΑἴαντοςat AjaxΑἴας · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀκόντισεἀκόντισεcastἀκοντίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδουρὶspearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἀκόντισεφαεινῷshiningφαεινός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δουρὶ - 430
He missed him, but then struck Lycophron, son of Mastor,
Metre
τοῦμὲνἅμαρθὃἔπειτα‖ΛυκόφροναΜάστοροςυἱὸν
τοῦhimὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of ἅμαρθ̓μὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἅμαρθmissedἁμαρτάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔβαλενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἔβαλενΛυκόφροναLycophronΛυκόφρων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ,ΜάστοροςMastor'sΜάστωρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Λυκόφρονα - 431
Ajax's attendant from Cythera, who lived with him
Metre
Αἴαντοςθεράποντα‖Κυθήριονὅςῥαπαραὐτῷ
ΑἴαντοςAjax'sΑἴας · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θεράπονταθεράπονταattendantθεράπων · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ΛυκόφροναΚυθήριονfrom CytheraΚυθήριος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θεράπονταὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ναῖ̓ῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionαὐτῷhimαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to παῤ - 432
because he had killed a man in sacred Cythera.
Metre
ναῖἐπεὶἄνδρακατέκτα‖Κυθήροισιζαθέοισι
ναῖlivedναίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Λυκόφροναἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἄνδραmanἀνήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κατέκτακατέκταkilledκατακτείνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶΚυθήροισιCytheraΚύθηρα · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to κατέκταζαθέοισιholyζάθεος · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies Κυθήροισι - 433
Hector struck him in the head above the ear with sharp bronze
τόνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ,ῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔβαλενstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκεφαλὴνheadκεφαλή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔβαλενὑπὲρaboveὑπέρ · prepositionprepositionοὔατοςearοὖς · genitive singular neuter nounadverbial to ὑπὲρὀξέϊsharpὀξύς · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χαλκῷχαλκῷbronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἔβαλεν - 434
as he stood close beside Ajax; backward into the dust
Metre
ἑσταότἄγχΑἴαντος‖ὃὕπτιοςἐνκονίῃσι
ἑσταότstandingἵστημι · perfect active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἄγχnearἄγχι · prepositionprepositionΑἴαντοςAjaxΑἴας · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to ἄγχ̓ὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of πέσεδandδέ · particlesentence particleὕπτιοςbackwardὕπτιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionκονίῃσιthe dustκονία · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐν - 435
he fell from the ship's stern to the ground, and his limbs gave way.
Metre
νηὸςἄποπρυμνῆς‖χαμάδιςπέσελύντοδὲγυῖα
νηὸςshipναῦς · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἄποἄποfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionπρυμνῆςsternπρυμνός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies νηὸςχαμάδιςto the groundχαμάδις · adverbobject of πέσεπέσεfellπίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbλύντοgave wayλύω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordγυῖαlimbsγυῖον · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of λύντο - 436
Ajax shuddered and addressed his brother:
Metre
Αἴαςἐρρίγησε‖κασίγνητονδὲπροσηύδα
ΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐρρίγησεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐρρίγησεshudderedῥιγέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκασίγνητονhis brotherκασίγνητος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προσηύδαδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 437
"Teucer, dear heart, a faithful companion of ours is dead,
Metre
Τεῦκρεπέπονδὴνῶϊν‖ἀπέκτατοπιστὸςἑταῖρος
ΤεῦκρεTeucerΤεῦκρος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headπέπονfriendπέπων · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Τεῦκρεδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleνῶϊνto us twoἐγώ · dative dual masculine pronounadverbial to ἀπέκτατοἀπέκτατοis deadἀποκτείνω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπιστὸςtrustyπιστός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἑταῖροςἑταῖροςcomradeἑταῖρος · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Μαστορίδης - 438
Mastor's son, whom, when he came from Cythera and lived with us,
Metre
Μαστορίδηςὃννῶϊ‖Κυθηρόθενἔνδονἐόντα
ΜαστορίδηςMastor's sonΜαστορίδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπέκτατοὃνwhomὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐτίομεννῶϊwe twoἐγώ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of ἐτίομενΚυθηρόθενfrom CytheraΚυθήροθεν · adverbadverbial to ἐόνταἔνδονinsideἔνδον · adverbadverbial to ἐόνταἐόνταbeingεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 439
we honored in our halls as we honor our own parents.
Metre
ἶσαφίλοισιτοκεῦσιν‖ἐτίομενἐνμεγάροισι
ἶσαequalἴσος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐτίομενφίλοισιdearφίλος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies τοκεῦσιντοκεῦσινparentsτοκεύς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἶσαἐτίομενwe honoredτίω · imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verbverb of a clause describing Μαστορίδηςἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionμεγάροισιhallsμέγαρον · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐν - 440
Great-hearted Hector has killed him. Where now are your
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀπέκτανεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπέκτανεμεγάθυμοςgreat-heartedμεγάθυμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτωρἀπέκτανεkilledἀποκτείνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbποῦwhereποῦ · adverbadverbialνύnowνῦν · adverbsentence particleτοιyourσύ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἰοὶἰοὶarrowsἰός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 441
swift-fatal arrows and the bow Phoebus Apollo gave you?"
Metre
ὠκύμοροικαὶτόξον‖ὅτοιπόρεΦοῖβοςἈπόλλων
ὠκύμοροιswift-fatalὠκύμορος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἰοὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordτόξονbowτόξον · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of καὶὅwhichὅς · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of πόρετοιyouσύ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of πόρεπόρεgaveπόρω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τόξονΦοῖβοςPhoebusΦοῖβος · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈπόλλωνἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πόρε - 442
So he spoke; Teucer understood and ran to stand beside him,
Metre
ὣςφάθὃδὲξυνέηκε‖θέωνδέοἱἄγχιπαρέστη
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάθ̓φάθhe spokeφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ξυνέηκεδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleξυνέηκεunderstoodσυνίημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθέωνrunningθέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to παρέστηδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἄγχιἄγχιnearἄγχι · prepositionprepositionπαρέστηstood beside himπαρίστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 443
holding in his hand his recurved bow and a quiver
Metre
τόξονἔχωνἐνχειρὶ‖παλίντονονἠδὲφαρέτρην
τόξονbowτόξον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἠδὲἔχωνholdingἔχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to παρέστηἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionχειρὶhandχείρ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνπαλίντονονrecurvedπαλίντονος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τόξονἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordφαρέτρηνquiverφαρέτρα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἠδὲ - 444
that held his arrows; very swiftly he shot among the Trojans.
ἰοδόκονholding arrowsἰοδόκος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies φαρέτρηνμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὦκαquicklyὦκα · adverbadverbial to ἐφίειβέλεαarrowsβέλος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐφίειΤρώεσσινthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐφίειἐφίειshotἐφίημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 445
He struck Clitus, the splendid son of Pisenor,
Metre
καίἔβαλεΚλεῖτον‖Πεισήνοροςἀγλαὸνυἱὸν
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔβαλεstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΚλεῖτονClitusΚλεῖτος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔβαλεΠεισήνοροςPisenor'sΠεισήνωρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνἀγλαὸνgloriousἀγλαός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱὸνυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Κλεῖτον - 446
companion of Polydamas, the noble son of Panthous,
Metre
Πουλυδάμαντοςἑταῖρον‖ἀγαυοῦΠανθοΐδαο
Πουλυδάμαντοςof PolydamasΠουλυδάμας · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἑταῖρονἑταῖρονcompanionἑταῖρος · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Κλεῖτονἀγαυοῦof gloriousἀγαυός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΠανθοΐδαοΠανθοΐδαοson of PanthousΠανθοίδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Πουλυδάμαντος - 447
as he held the reins in his hands, intent upon the horses;
Metre
ἡνίαχερσὶνἔχοντα‖ὃμὲνπεπόνητοκαθἵππους
ἡνίαreinsἡνία · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔχονταχερσὶνhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἔχονταἔχονταholdingἔχω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of πεπόνητομὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleπεπόνητοwas intentπονέω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαθuponκατά · prepositionprepositionἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καθ̓ - 448
For he steered where by far the most battle lines were driven
Metre
τῇγὰρἔχᾗῥαπολὺ‖πλεῖσταικλονέοντοφάλαγγες
τῇthereτῇ · adverbobject of ἔχ̓γὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἔχsteeredἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbᾗwhereᾗ · adverbadverbial to κλονέοντοῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleπολὺfarπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to πλεῖσταιπλεῖσταιmostπλεῖστος · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies φάλαγγεςκλονέοντοwere drivenκλονέω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to τῇφάλαγγεςbattalionsφάλαγξ · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of κλονέοντο - 449
to win favor with Hector and the Trojans; but swiftly evil
Metre
ἝκτορικαὶΤρώεσσι‖χαριζόμενοςτάχααὐτῷ
ἝκτοριHectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΤρώεσσιthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of καὶχαριζόμενοςto pleaseχαρίζομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κλονέοντοτάχαsoonτάχα · adverbadverbial to ἦλθεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὐτῷhimαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἦλθε - 450
came upon him, and none could ward it off, though they strove.
Metre
ἦλθεκακόντόοἱοὔ‖τιςἐρύκακενἱεμένωνπερ
ἦλθεcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκακόνevilκακός · nominative singular neuter adjectivesubject of ἦλθετόthisὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of ἐρύκακενοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἐρύκακενοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐρύκακενἐρύκακενwarded offἐρύκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing κακόνἱεμένωνstrivingἵημι · present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculineadverbial to ἐρύκακενπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particle - 451
For the grief-bringing arrow struck the back of his neck.
Metre
αὐχένιγάροἱὄπισθε‖πολύστονοςἔμπεσενἰός
αὐχένιin the neckαὐχήν · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἔμπεσενγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies αὐχένιὄπισθεbehindὄπισθεν · adverbadverbial to ἔμπεσενπολύστονοςgrief-bringingπολύστονος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἰόςἔμπεσενfell uponἐμπίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἰόςarrowἰός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔμπεσεν - 452
He fell from the chariot, and his swift-footed horses swerved away,
Metre
ἤριπεἐξὀχέων‖ὑπερώησανδέοἱἵπποι
ἤριπεfellἐρείπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionὀχέωνthe chariotὄχος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἐξὑπερώησανswerved awayὑπερωέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱtheὁ · nominative plural masculine articlemodifies ἵπποιἵπποιhorsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ὑπερώησαν - 453
rattling the empty car. Lord Polydamas saw it at once
Metre
κείνὄχεακροτέοντες‖ἄναξἐνόησετάχιστα
κείνemptyκενός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ὄχεαὄχεαchariotὄχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of κροτέοντεςκροτέοντεςrattlingκροτέω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ὑπερώησανἄναξlordἄναξ · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Πουλυδάμαςδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐνόησεsawνοέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτάχισταat onceταχύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐνόησε - 454
and was the first to come before the horses.
Metre
Πουλυδάμαςκαὶπρῶτος‖ἐναντίοςἤλυθενἵππων
ΠουλυδάμαςPolydamasΠουλυδάμας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐνόησεκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπρῶτοςfirstπρῶτος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐναντίοςfacing himἐναντίος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἤλυθενcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἵππωνhorsesἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἐναντίος - 455
He gave them to Astynous, son of Protiaon,
Metre
τοὺςμὲνὅἈστυνόῳ‖Προτιάονοςυἱέϊδῶκε
τοὺςthemὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of δῶκεμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δῶκεγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἈστυνόῳAstynousἈστύνοος · dative singular masculine nounobject of δῶκεΠροτιάονοςProtiaon'sΠροτιάων · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱέϊυἱέϊsonυἱός · dative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀστυνόῳδῶκεgaveδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 456
and urgently told him to keep close and watch
Metre
πολλὰἐπότρυνε‖σχεδὸνἴσχεινεἰσορόωντα
πολλὰurgentlyπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐπότρυνεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπότρυνεurgedἐποτρύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbσχεδὸνnearσχεδόν · adverbadverbial to ἴσχεινἴσχεινkeep closeἴσχω · present active infinitiveobject of ἐπότρυνεεἰσορόωνταwatchingεἰσοράω · present active participle, accusative singular masculineadverbial to ἴσχειν - 457
the horses; then he went back and joined the foremost fighters.
ἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of εἰσορόωντααὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbobject of ἰὼνἰὼνgoingεἶμι · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐμίχθηπρομάχοισινforemost fightersπρόμαχος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐμίχθηἐμίχθηjoinedμίγνυμι · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 458
Teucer drew another arrow against bronze-helmed Hector,
ΤεῦκροςTeucerΤεῦκρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of αἴνυτοδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄλλονanotherἄλλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὀϊστὸνὀϊστὸνarrowὀιστός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of αἴνυτοἐφuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionἝκτοριHectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐφ̓χαλκοκορυστῇbronze-helmedχαλκοκορυστής · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτορι - 459
and would have ended the battle beside the Achaean ships
Metre
αἴνυτοκαίκενἔπαυσε‖μάχηςἐπὶνηυσὶνἈχαιῶν
αἴνυτοwas drawingαἴνυμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκενwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἔπαυσεendedπαύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμάχηςbattleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἔπαυσεἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶνshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐπὶἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies νηυσὶν - 460
if he had struck him as he fought foremost and taken away his life.
Metre
εἴμινἀριστεύοντα‖βαλὼνἐξείλετοθυμόν
εἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of βαλὼνἀριστεύονταfighting foremostἀριστεύω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementβαλὼνstruckβάλλω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐξείλετοἐξείλετοhad takenἐξαιρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἴθυμόνlifeθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐξείλετο - 461
But Teucer did not escape the close-knit mind of Zeus, who guarded
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctionsentence particleοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleλῆθεescaped noticeλανθάνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies νόονπυκινὸνclose-knitπυκνός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies νόοννόονmindνόος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of λῆθεὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀτὰρῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἐφύλασσενguardedφυλάσσω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἀτὰρ - 462
Hector, but robbed Telamonian Teucer of glory.
Metre
ἝκτορἀτὰρΤεῦκρον‖Τελαμώνιονεὖχοςἀπηύρα
ἝκτορHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐφύλασσενἀτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordΤεῦκρονTeucerΤεῦκρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀπηύραΤελαμώνιονTelamonianΤελαμώνιος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Τεῦκρονεὖχοςgloryεὖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀπηύραἀπηύραhe took awayἀπαυράω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἀτὰρ - 463
For Zeus snapped the well-twisted string on his blameless bow
ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ῥῆξ̓οἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ῥῆξ̓ἐϋστρεφέαwell-twistedἐυστρεφής · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νευρὴννευρὴνstringνευρή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ῥῆξ̓ἐνonἐν · prepositionprepositionἀμύμονιblamelessἀμύμων · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τόξῳτόξῳwith his bowτόξον · dative singular neuter nounmodifies ἐν - 464
as he drew it; aside in another direction veered
Metre
ῥῆξἐπὶτῷἐρύοντι‖παρεπλάγχθηδέοἱἄλλῃ
ῥῆξsnappedῥήγνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Διὸςἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionτῷwith himὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπὶἐρύοντιdrewἐρύω · present active participle, dative singular masculinecircumstantial complementπαρεπλάγχθηveered asideπαραπλάζω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlesentence particleοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to παρεπλάγχθηἄλλῃelsewhereἄλλῃ · adverbobject of παρεπλάγχθη - 465
the bronze-heavy arrow, and the bow dropped from his hand.
Metre
ἰὸςχαλκοβαρής‖τόξονδέοἱἔκπεσεχειρός
ἰὸςarrowἰός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of παρεπλάγχθηχαλκοβαρήςbronze-heavyχαλκοβαρής · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἰὸςτόξονbowτόξον · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔκπεσεδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies χειρόςἔκπεσεfellἐκπίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχειρόςfrom his handχείρ · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἔκπεσε - 466
Teucer shuddered and addressed his brother:
ΤεῦκροςTeucerΤεῦκρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐρρίγησεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐρρίγησεshudderedῥιγέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκασίγνητονhis brotherκασίγνητος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προσηύδαδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 467
"Ah me, now some god is utterly cutting short the plans
Metre
ὢπόποιἦδὴπάγχυ‖μάχηςἐπὶμήδεακείρει
ὢoὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleπόποιalasπόποι · interjectiongoverned by an elided headἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleπάγχυwhollyπάγχυ · adverbadverbial to κείρειμάχηςof battleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies μήδεαἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleμήδεαplansμῆδος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of κείρεικείρειcuts shortκείρω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 468
of our battle—he has dashed the bow from my hand
Metre
δαίμωνἡμετέρης‖ὅτέμοιβιὸνἔκβαλεχειρός
δαίμωνa godδαίμων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κείρειἡμετέρηςourἡμέτερος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies μάχηςὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔκβαλετέandτε · particlesentence particleμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἔκβαλεβιὸνbowβιός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔκβαλεἔκβαλεhurled outἐκβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓χειρόςfrom my handχείρ · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἔκβαλε - 469
and snapped the newly twisted string that I tied
Metre
νευρὴνἐξέρρηξε‖νεόστροφονἣνἐνέδησα
νευρὴνbowstringνευρά · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐξέρρηξεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐξέρρηξεsnappedἐκρήγνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓νεόστροφονnewly twistedνεόστροφος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νευρὴνἣνwhichὅς · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ἐνέδησαἐνέδησαI tiedἐνδέω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbverb of a clause describing νευρὴν - 470
this morning, so it might endure the arrows leaping thick and fast."
Metre
πρώϊονὄφρἀνέχοιτο‖θαμὰθρῴσκονταςὀϊστούς
πρώϊονonly latelyπρώιος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐνέδησαὄφρso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἀνέχοιτοmight endureἀνέχω · present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὄφῤθαμὰthick and fastθαμά · adverbadverbial to θρῴσκονταςθρῴσκονταςleapingθρῴσκω · present active participle, accusative plural masculinemodifies ὀϊστούςὀϊστούςarrowsὀιστός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἀνέχοιτο - 471
Then great Telamonian Ajax answered him:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἠμείβετ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἠμείβετansweredἀμείβω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἠμείβετ̓μέγαςgreatμέγας · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΑἴαςΤελαμώνιοςTelamonianΤελαμώνιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΑἴαςΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠμείβετ̓ - 472
"Friend, let the bow and the thick-packed arrows
Metre
ὦπέπονἀλλὰβιὸν‖μὲνἔακαὶταρφέαςἰοὺς
ὦoὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleπέπονfriendπέπων · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleβιὸνbowβιός · accusative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἔαleaveἐάω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordταρφέαςcrowdedταρφύς · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἰοὺςἰοὺςarrowsἰός · accusative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 473
lie there, since a god, begrudging the Danaans, has confounded them.
Metre
κεῖσθαιἐπεὶσυνέχευε‖θεὸςΔαναοῖσιμεγήρας
κεῖσθαιlieκεῖμαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἔαἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionσυνέχευεconfoundedσυγχέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶθεὸςa godθεός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of συνέχευεΔαναοῖσιthe DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject of μεγήραςμεγήραςbegrudgingμεγαίρω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to συνέχευε - 474
But take a long spear in your hands and a shield upon your shoulder;
Metre
αὐτὰρχερσὶνἑλὼν‖δολιχὸνδόρυκαὶσάκοςὤμῳ
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleχερσὶνhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἑλὼνἑλὼνtakingαἱρέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to καὶδολιχὸνlongδολιχός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δόρυδόρυspearδόρυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἑλὼνκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordσάκοςshieldσάκος · accusative singular neuter nounobjectὤμῳshoulderὦμος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial - 475
fight the Trojans, and rouse the rest of the host.
Metre
μάρναότεΤρώεσσι‖καὶἄλλουςὄρνυθιλαούς
μάρναόfightμάρναμαι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbτεandτε · particlesentence particleΤρώεσσιthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of μάρναόκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄλλουςothersἄλλος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies λαούςὄρνυθιrouseὄρνυμι · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbλαούςthe peopleλαός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ὄρνυθι - 476
Let them not, even after mastering us, take without a struggle
Metre
μὴμὰνἀσπουδί‖γεδαμασσάμενοίπερἕλοιεν
μὴnotμή · particleemphasizing particleμὰνsurelyμήν · particlesentence particleἀσπουδίwithout a struggleἀσπουδί · adverbadverbial to ἕλοιενγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleδαμασσάμενοίmastering usδαμάζω · aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἕλοιενπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἕλοιενmight seizeαἱρέω · aorist active optative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 477
our well-benched ships; but let us remember battle-joy."
Metre
νῆαςἐϋσσέλμους‖ἀλλὰμνησώμεθαχάρμης
νῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἕλοιενἐϋσσέλμουςwell-benchedεὔσελμος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordμνησώμεθαrememberμιμνήσκω · aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbχάρμηςvalorχάρμη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of μνησώμεθα - 478
So he spoke, and Teucer laid his bow inside the shelter,
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάθ̓φάθhe spokeφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔθηκενδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleτόξονbowτόξον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔθηκενμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionκλισίῃσινhutsκλισία · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνὶἔθηκενsetτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 479
then set upon his shoulders a four-layered shield,
Metre
αὐτὰρὅἀμφὤμοισι‖σάκοςθέτοτετραθέλυμνον
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of θέτογindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἀμφaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionὤμοισιhis shouldersὦμος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀμφ̓σάκοςshieldσάκος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of θέτοθέτοsetτίθημι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτετραθέλυμνονfour-layeredτετραθέλυμνος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies σάκος - 480
and upon his strong head he set a well-made helmet
Metre
κρατὶἐπἰφθίμῳ‖κυνέηνεὔτυκτονἔθηκεν
κρατὶheadκράς · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionἰφθίμῳstrongἴφθιμος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κρατὶκυνέηνhelmetκυνέη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔθηκενεὔτυκτονwell-madeεὔτυκτος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κυνέηνἔθηκενsetτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 481
with a horsehair crest, and the plume nodded terribly above it.
Metre
ἵππουρινδεινὸν‖δὲλόφοςκαθύπερθενἔνευεν
ἵππουρινhorsehair-crestedἴππουρις · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κυνέηνδεινὸνterriblyδεινός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἔνευενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordλόφοςplumeλόφος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔνευενκαθύπερθενfrom aboveκαθύπερθε · adverbadverbial to ἔνευενἔνευενnoddedνεύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 482
He took his stout spear, sharpened with keen bronze,
Metre
εἵλετοἄλκιμονἔγχος‖ἀκαχμένονὀξέϊχαλκῷ
εἵλετοtookαἱρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄλκιμονstoutἄλκιμος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of εἵλετοἀκαχμένονsharpenedἀκαχμένος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςὀξέϊsharpὀξύς · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χαλκῷχαλκῷbronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἀκαχμένον - 483
and went on his way; running swiftly, he stood beside Ajax.
Metre
βῆἰέναιμάλαὦκα‖θέωνΑἴαντιπαρέστη
βῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἰέναιon his wayεἶμι · present active infinitiveadverbial to βῆμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὦκαquicklyὦκα · adverbadverbial to θέωνθέωνrunningθέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to παρέστηΑἴαντιAjaxΑἴας · dative singular masculine nounobject of παρέστηπαρέστηstood beside himπαρίστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 484
When Hector saw that Teucer's missiles had been thwarted,
Metre
Ἕκτωρὡςεἶδεν‖Τεύκρουβλαφθένταβέλεμνα
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐκέκλετοδandδέ · particlesentence particleὡςwhenὡς · adverbadverbial to εἶδενεἶδενsawεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐκέκλετοΤεύκρουTeucer'sΤεῦκρος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies βέλεμναβλαφθένταthwartedβλάπτω · aorist passive participle, accusative plural neutercircumstantial complementβέλεμναmissilesβέλεμνον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of εἶδεν - 485
he called to the Trojans and Lycians with a long shout:
Metre
ΤρωσίτεκαὶΛυκίοισιν‖ἐκέκλετομακρὸνἀΰσας
Τρωσίthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΛυκίοισινLyciansΛύκιοι · dative plural masculine nounobject of καὶἐκέκλετοcalledκέλομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμακρὸνloudlyμακρός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀΰσαςἀΰσαςshoutingαὔω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐκέκλετο - 486
"Trojans and Lycians and Dardanians, close fighters,
Metre
ΤρῶεςκαὶΛύκιοι‖καὶΔάρδανοιἀγχιμαχηταὶ
ΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleΛύκιοιLyciansΛύκιοι · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΔάρδανοιDardaniansΔάρδανος · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headἀγχιμαχηταὶclose-fightingἀγχιμαχητής · vocative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Δάρδανοι - 487
be men, my friends, and remember your furious valor.
Metre
ἀνέρεςἔστεφίλοι‖μνήσασθεδὲθούριδοςἀλκῆς
ἀνέρεςmenἀνήρ · nominative plural masculine nounpredicate nounἔστεbeεἰμί · present active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbφίλοιfriendsφίλος · vocative plural masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headμνήσασθεrememberμιμνήσκω · aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordθούριδοςfuriousθοῦρις · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀλκῆςἀλκῆςvalorἀλκή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of μνήσασθε - 488
Among the hollow ships—for I have seen with my own eyes
Metre
νῆαςἀνὰγλαφυράς‖δὴγὰρἴδονὀφθαλμοῖσιν
νῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἀνὰἀνὰthroughἀνά · prepositionprepositionγλαφυράςhollowγλαφυρός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἴδονi sawεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbὀφθαλμοῖσινwith my eyesὀφθαλμός · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἴδον - 489
the missiles of their best man thwarted by Zeus.
Metre
ἀνδρὸςἀριστῆος‖Διόθενβλαφθένταβέλεμνα
ἀνδρὸςof a manἀνήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies βέλεμναἀριστῆοςbest manἀριστεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἀνδρὸςΔιόθενby ZeusΔιόθεν · adverbadverbial to βλαφθένταβλαφθένταthwartedβλάπτω · aorist passive participle, accusative plural neutercircumstantial complementβέλεμναmissilesβέλεμνον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἴδον - 490
The might of Zeus is easily known among men,
Metre
ῥεῖαἀρίγνωτος‖Διὸςἀνδράσιγίγνεταιἀλκή
ῥεῖαeasilyῥεῖα · adverbadverbial to γίγνεταιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀρίγνωτοςwell knownἀρίγνωτος · nominative singular feminine adjectivepredicate nounΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἀλκήἀνδράσιmenἀνήρ · dative plural masculine nounmodifies ἀλκήγίγνεταιbecomesγίγνομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀλκήcourageἀλκή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of γίγνεται - 491
both in those to whom he grants the higher glory
ἠμὲνbothἠμέν · conjunctionsentence particleὁτέοισινto whomeverὅστις · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἐγγυαλίξῃκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐγγυαλίξῃὑπέρτερονgreaterὑπέρτερος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κῦδοςἐγγυαλίξῃhe grantsἐγγυαλίζω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἠδ̓ - 492
and those whose strength he lessens and whom he will not defend—
Metre
ἠδὅτιναςμινύθῃ‖τεκαὶοὐκἐθέλῃσινἀμύνειν
ἠδandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordὅτιναςthose whomὅστις · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of μινύθῃμινύθῃhe lessensμινύθω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἐθέλῃσινhe wishesἐθέλω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶἀμύνεινto defendἀμύνω · present active infinitiveobject of ἐθέλῃσιν - 493
as now he lessens the Argives' strength and aids us.
Metre
ὡςνῦνἈργείων‖μινύθειμένοςἄμμιἀρήγει
ὡςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to δ̓νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to δ̓ἈργείωνArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies μένοςμινύθειhe lessensμινύθω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓μένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of μινύθειἄμμιfor usἐγώ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἀρήγειδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀρήγειhe aidsἀρήγω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓ - 494
Fight at the ships in one mass. Whichever one of you
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleμάχεσθfightμάχομαι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶνshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐπὶἀολλέεςin one massἀολλής · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementὃςwhicheverὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐπίσπῃδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκενwouldἄν · particlesentence particleὑμέωνof youσύ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies ὃς - 495
is struck by cast or thrust and meets his death and doom,
Metre
βλήμενοςἠὲτυπεὶς‖θάνατονκαὶπότμονἐπίσπῃ
βλήμενοςstruckβάλλω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἠὲἠὲorἠέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordτυπεὶςstruckτύπτω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἠὲθάνατονdeathθάνατος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπότμονdoomπότμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἐπίσπῃhe may meetἐφέπω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbsubject of τεθνάτω - 496
let him die. It is no shame for him to die defending his country;
Metre
τεθνάτωοὔοἱἀεικὲς‖ἀμυνομένῳπερὶπάτρης
τεθνάτωlet him dieθνήσκω · perfect active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbialἀεικὲςunseemlyἀεικής · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἀμυνομένῳdefendingἀμύνω · present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculinecircumstantial complementπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionπάτρηςone's fatherlandπάτρη · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to περὶ - 497
his wife and children will remain safe behind him,
Metre
τεθνάμενἀλλἄλοχός‖τεσόηκαὶπαῖδεςὀπίσσω
τεθνάμενto dieθνήσκω · perfect active infinitivesubjectἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἄλοχόςwifeἄλοχος · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectτεandτε · particlesentence particleσόηsafeσόος · nominative singular feminine adjectivepredicate nounκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπαῖδεςsonsπαῖς · nominative plural masculine nounsubjectὀπίσσωbackὀπίσσω · adverbadverbial - 498
and his house and allotted land unharmed, if the Achaeans
Metre
καὶοἶκοςκαὶκλῆρος‖ἀκήρατοςεἴκενἈχαιοὶ
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordοἶκοςhomeοἶκος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκλῆροςlotκλῆρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶἀκήρατοςunharmedἀκήρατος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκενwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἈχαιοὶthe AchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of οἴχωνται - 499
depart in their ships for their dear native land."
Metre
οἴχωνταισὺννηυσὶ‖φίληνἐςπατρίδαγαῖαν
οἴχωνταιdepartοἴχομαι · present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to εἴσὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to σὺνφίληνdearφίλος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies γαῖανἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionπατρίδαnativeπατρίς · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies γαῖανγαῖανlandγαῖα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐς - 500
So he spoke and stirred the strength and spirit of every man.
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνὄτρυνε‖μένοςκαὶθυμὸνἑκάστου
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὄτρυνεὄτρυνεstirredὀτρύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordθυμὸνheartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἑκάστουeveryἕκαστος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies καὶ - 501
From the other side Ajax called to his own companions:
Metre
Αἴαςαὖθἑτέρωθεν‖ἐκέκλετοοἷςἑτάροισιν
ΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐκέκλετοδandδέ · particlesentence particleαὖθin turnαὖτε · adverbsentence particleἑτέρωθενon the other sideἑτέρωθεν · adverbadverbial to ἐκέκλετοἐκέκλετοcalledκέλομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοἷςhis ownἐός · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἑτάροισινἑτάροισινcompanionsἑταῖρος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐκέκλετο - 502
"Shame, Argives! Now we must either perish
Metre
αἰδὼςἈργεῖοι‖νῦνἄρκιονἢἀπολέσθαι
αἰδὼςshameαἰδώς · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectἈργεῖοιArgivesἈργεῖος · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbialἄρκιονnecessaryἄρκιος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἢorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleἀπολέσθαιto perishἀπόλλυμι · aorist middle infinitivesubject of ἠὲ - 503
or be saved and drive destruction from the ships.
Metre
ἠὲσαωθῆναι‖καὶἀπώσασθαικακὰνηῶν
ἠὲorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordσαωθῆναιbe savedσώζω · aorist passive infinitivesubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀπώσασθαιdrive backἀπωθέω · aorist middle infinitivesubject of καὶκακὰevilsκακός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἀπώσασθαινηῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἀπώσασθαι - 504
Do you expect, if Hector of the flashing helm takes the ships,
Metre
ἦἔλπεσθἢννῆας‖ἕλῃκορυθαίολοςἝκτωρ
ἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleἔλπεσθdo you expectἔλπω · present medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verbmain verbἢνifἐάν · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἕλῃἕλῃtakesαἱρέω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἢνκορυθαίολοςof the flashing helmκορυθαίολος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἕλῃ - 505
that each of you will reach his native land on foot?
Metre
ἐμβαδὸνἵξεσθαι‖ἣνπατρίδαγαῖανἕκαστος
ἐμβαδὸνon footἐμβαδόν · adverbadverbial to ἵξεσθαιἵξεσθαιwill reachἱκνέομαι · future middle infinitiveobject of ἔλπεσθ̓ἣνhis ownἑός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies γαῖανπατρίδαnativeπατρίς · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies γαῖανγαῖανlandγαῖα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἵξεσθαιἕκαστοςeachἕκαστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 506
Do you not hear Hector urging on his whole host,
Metre
ἦοὐκὀτρύνοντος‖ἀκούετελαὸνἅπαντα
ἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleὀτρύνοντοςurgingὀτρύνω · present active participle, genitive singular masculinecircumstantial complementἀκούετεdo you hearἀκούω · present active indicative, 2nd plural verbmain verbλαὸνhostλαός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὀτρύνοντοςἅπανταallἅπας · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies λαὸν - 507
burning with desire to set the ships ablaze?
Metre
Ἕκτοροςὃςδὴνῆας‖ἐνιπρῆσαιμενεαίνει
ἝκτοροςHectorἝκτωρ · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀκούετεὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of μενεαίνειδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνιπρῆσαιἐνιπρῆσαιto set ablazeἐμπίμπρημι · aorist active infinitiveobject of μενεαίνειμενεαίνειis eagerμενεαίνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἕκτορος - 508
He is not calling them to enter a dance, but to fight.
Metre
οὐμὰνἔςγεχορὸν‖κέλετἐλθέμενἀλλὰμάχεσθαι
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμὰνsurelyμήν · particlesentence particleἔςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleχορὸνto a danceχορός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔςκέλετcallsκέλομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐλθέμενto enterἔρχομαι · aorist active infinitiveobject of κέλετ̓ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject - 509
For us there is no purpose or counsel better than this:
Metre
ἡμῖνοὔτιςτοῦδε‖νόοςκαὶμῆτιςἀμείνων
ἡμῖνfor usἐγώ · dative plural masculine pronounadverbialδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιςanyτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies καὶτοῦδεthisὅδε · genitive singular neuter pronounadverbialνόοςmindνόος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμῆτιςcounselμῆτις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶἀμείνωνbetterἀμείνων · nominative singular masculine comparative adjectivepredicate noun - 510
to join hands and strength in close combat.
Metre
ἢαὐτοσχεδίῃ‖μῖξαιχεῖράςτεμένοςτε
ἢthanἤ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionαὐτοσχεδίῃat close quartersαὐτοσχέδιος · dative singular feminine adjectiveadverbial to μῖξαιμῖξαιto joinμίγνυμι · aorist active infinitiveadverbial to ἢχεῖράςhandsχείρ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 511
Better to perish or survive in a single moment
Metre
βέλτερονἢἀπολέσθαι‖ἕναχρόνονἠὲβιῶναι
βέλτερονbetterβέλτερος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἢeitherἤ · conjunctionsentence particleἀπολέσθαιto perishἀπόλλυμι · aorist middle infinitivesubject of ἠὲἕναoneεἷς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χρόνονχρόνονtimeχρόνος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἠὲἠὲorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordβιῶναιto surviveβιόω · aorist active infinitivesubject of ἠὲ - 512
than long be worn away in this grim battle
Metre
ἢδηθὰστρεύγεσθαι‖ἐναἰνῇδηϊοτῆτι
ἢorἤ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδηθὰlongδηθά · adverbadverbial to στρεύγεσθαιστρεύγεσθαιbe worn awayστρεύγομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveadverbial to ἢἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionαἰνῇdreadαἰνός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies δηϊοτῆτιδηϊοτῆτιbattleδηιοτής · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐν - 513
beside the ships, just so, beneath men worse than ourselves."
Metre
ὧδαὔτωςπαρὰνηυσὶν‖ὑπἀνδράσιχειροτέροισιν
ὧδthusὧδε · adverbadverbial to στρεύγεσθαιαὔτωςjust soαὔτως · adverbadverbial to στρεύγεσθαιπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶνshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to παρὰὑπbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionἀνδράσιmenἀνήρ · dative plural masculine nounobject of ὑπ̓χειροτέροισινworseχειρότερος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνδράσι - 514
So he spoke and stirred the strength and spirit of every man.
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνὄτρυνε‖μένοςκαὶθυμὸνἑκάστου
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὄτρυνεὄτρυνεstirredὀτρύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordθυμὸνheartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἑκάστουeveryἕκαστος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies καὶ - 515
Then Hector killed Schedius, son of Perimedes,
Metre
ἔνθἝκτωρμὲνἕλε‖ΣχεδίονΠεριμήδεοςυἱὸν
ἔνθthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἕλεἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἕλεμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἕλεslewαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΣχεδίονSchediusΣχεδίος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἕλεΠεριμήδεοςPerimedes'Περιμήδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Σχεδίον - 516
leader of the Phocians, while Ajax killed Laodamas,
Metre
ἀρχὸνΦωκήων‖ΑἴαςἕλεΛαοδάμαντα
ἀρχὸνleaderἀρχός · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ΣχεδίονΦωκήωνof the PhociansΦωκεύς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἀρχὸνΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἕλεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἕλεslewαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΛαοδάμανταLaodamasΛαοδάμας · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἕλε - 517
commander of the foot fighters and Antenor's glorious son.
Metre
ἡγεμόναπρυλέων‖Ἀντήνοροςἀγλαὸνυἱόν
ἡγεμόναleaderἡγεμών · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Λαοδάμανταπρυλέωνfoot fightersπρυλέες · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἡγεμόναἈντήνοροςof AntenorἈντήνωρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱόνἀγλαὸνgloriousἀγλαός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱόνυἱόνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Λαοδάμαντα - 518
Polydamas killed and stripped Otus of Cyllene,
Metre
ΠουλυδάμαςὮτον‖Κυλλήνιονἐξενάριξε
ΠουλυδάμαςPolydamasΠουλυδάμας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐξενάριξεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὮτονOtusὮτος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ,ΚυλλήνιονCylleneΚυλλήνη · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ὦτονἐξενάριξεslew and strippedἐξεναρίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 519
a companion of Phyleus's son and a leader of the great-hearted Epeians.
Φυλεΐδεωson of PhyleusΦυλείδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἕταρονἕταρονcompanionἑταῖρος · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Ὦτονμεγαθύμωνgreat-heartedμεγάθυμος · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies Ἐπειῶνἀρχὸνleaderἀρχός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ,ἘπειῶνEpeiansἘπειός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀρχὸν - 520
Seeing him, Meges sprang upon him, but Polydamas
Metre
τῷδὲΜέγηςἐπόρουσεν‖ἰδώνὃὕπαιθαλιάσθη
τῷat himὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπόρουσενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΜέγηςMegesΜέγης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐπόρουσενἐπόρουσενchargedἐπορούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἰδώνseeingεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐπόρουσενὃtheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies Πουλυδάμαςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὕπαιθαfrom beneathὕπαιθα · adverbadverbial to λιάσθηλιάσθηswervedλιάζομαι · aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 521
swerved from beneath the cast, and Meges missed; for Apollo
Metre
Πουλυδάμαςκαὶτοῦ‖μὲνἀπήμβροτενοὐγὰρἈπόλλων
ΠουλυδάμαςPolydamasΠουλυδάμας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of λιάσθηκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordτοῦhimὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of ἀπήμβροτενμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἀπήμβροτενmissed himἀφαμαρτάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εἴα - 522
would not let Panthous's son be slain among the foremost fighters.
Metre
εἴαΠάνθουυἱὸν‖ἐνὶπρομάχοισιδαμῆναι
εἴαallowedἐάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΠάνθουPanthous'sΠάνθος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounsubject of δαμῆναιἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionπρομάχοισιforemost fightersπρόμαχος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐνὶδαμῆναιbe slainδαμάζω · aorist passive infinitiveobject of εἴα - 523
Instead Meges struck Croesmus in the middle of the chest with his spear.
Metre
αὐτὰρὅγεΚροίσμου‖στῆθοςμέσονοὔτασεδουρί
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of οὔτασεγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleΚροίσμουCroesmusΚροῖσμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies στῆθοςστῆθοςchestστῆθος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of οὔτασεμέσονthe middleμέσος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies στῆθοςοὔτασεwoundedοὐτάζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδουρίspearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to οὔτασε - 524
He fell with a thud, and Meges stripped the armor from his shoulders.
Metre
δούπησενδὲπεσών‖ὃἀπὤμωντεύχεἐσύλα
δούπησενfell with a thudδουπέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπεσώνfallingπίπτω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δούπησενὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐσύλαδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionὤμωνshouldersὦμος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἀπ̓τεύχεarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐσύλαἐσύλαstrippedσυλάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 525
Meanwhile Dolops, skilled with the spear, sprang upon him,
Metre
τόφραδὲτῷἐπόρουσε‖Δόλοψαἰχμῆςἐῢεἰδὼς
τόφραmeanwhileτόφρα · adverbadverbial to ἐπόρουσεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτῷat himὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπόρουσεἐπόρουσεchargedἐπορούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΔόλοψDolopsΔόλοψ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐπόρουσεαἰχμῆςspearpointαἰχμή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of εἰδὼςἐῢwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to εἰδὼςεἰδὼςskilledοἶδα · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculinemodifies Δόλοψ - 526
son of Lampus, whom Lampus begot as his finest son,
Metre
ΛαμπετίδηςὃνΛάμπος‖ἐγείνατοφέρτατονυἱὸν
ΛαμπετίδηςLampus's sonΛαμπετίδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Δόλοψὃνwhomὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobjectΛάμποςLampusλάμπος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐγείνατοἐγείνατοboreγείνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Δόλοψφέρτατονfinestφέρτατος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱὸνυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobject - 527
Lampus son of Laomedon; and Dolops knew furious valor well.
Metre
Λαομεδοντιάδης‖εὖεἰδόταθούριδοςἀλκῆς
Λαομεδοντιάδηςson of LaomedonΛαομεδοντιάδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Λάμποςεὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to εἰδόταεἰδόταknowing wellοἶδα · perfect active participle, accusative singular masculinemodifies ὃνθούριδοςfuriousθοῦρις · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀλκῆςἀλκῆςvalorἀλκή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of εἰδότα - 528
He rushed in close and stabbed the center of the son of Phyleus's shield,
Metre
ὃςτότεΦυλεΐδαο‖μέσονσάκοςοὔτασεδουρὶ
ὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of οὔτασετότεthenτότε · adverbadverbial to οὔτασεΦυλεΐδαοson of PhyleusΦυλείδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies σάκοςμέσονthe middleμέσος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies σάκοςσάκοςshieldσάκος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of οὔτασεοὔτασεwoundedοὐτάζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Δόλοψδουρὶspearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to οὔτασε - 529
but his compact corselet warded the spear from him,
Metre
ἐγγύθενὁρμηθείς‖πυκινὸςδέοἱἤρκεσεθώρηξ
ἐγγύθενnearἐγγύθεν · adverbadverbial to ὁρμηθείςὁρμηθείςrushing inὁρμάω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to οὔτασεπυκινὸςclose-packedπυκνός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θώρηξδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἤρκεσεἤρκεσεwarded offἀρκέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθώρηξcorseletθώραξ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἤρκεσε - 530
the corselet he wore, fitted together in plates, which Phyleus once
τόνwhichὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐφόρειῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἐφόρειwas wearingφορέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing θώρηξγυάλοισινplatesγύαλον · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἀρηρόταἀρηρόταfittedἀραρίσκω · perfect active participle, accusative singular masculinemodifies τόντόνwhichὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἤγαγενποτεonceποτέ · particleadverbial to ἤγαγενΦυλεὺςPhyleusΦυλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἤγαγεν - 531
brought from Ephyra, from the river Selleis.
Metre
ἤγαγενἐξἘφύρης‖ποταμοῦἄποΣελλήεντος
ἤγαγενbroughtἄγω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionἘφύρηςEphyraἘφύρα · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐξποταμοῦriverποταμός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἄποἄποfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionΣελλήεντοςSelleisΣελλήεις · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ποταμοῦ - 532
His guest-friend, Euphetes lord of men, had given it to him
Metre
ξεῖνοςγάροἱἔδωκεν‖ἄναξἀνδρῶνΕὐφήτης
ξεῖνοςguest-friendξένος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔδωκενἔδωκενgaveδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄναξlordἄναξ · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Εὐφήτηςἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἄναξΕὐφήτηςEuphetesΕὐφήτης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 533
to wear in war as a defense against hostile men;
Metre
ἐςπόλεμονφορέειν‖δηΐωνἀνδρῶνἀλεωρήν
ἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionπόλεμονwarπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐςφορέεινto wearφορέω · present active infinitiveadverbial to ἔδωκενδηΐωνof the foeδάιος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνδρῶνἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἀλεωρήνἀλεωρήνas defenseἀλεωρή · accusative singular feminine nouncircumstantial complement - 534
and now it warded ruin from his son's body.
ὅςitὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἤρκεσ̓οἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἤρκεσ̓καὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleτότεthenτότε · adverbadverbial to ἤρκεσ̓παιδὸςsonπαῖς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies χροὸςἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionχροὸςfleshχρώς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀπὸἤρκεσwarded offἀρκέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὄλεθρονdestructionὄλεθρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἤρκεσ̓ - 535
Then Meges stabbed the very crown of Dolops's bronze-bound,
Metre
τοῦδὲΜέγηςκόρυθος‖χαλκήρεοςἱπποδασείης
τοῦhisὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies κόρυθοςδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleΜέγηςMegesΜέγης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓κόρυθοςof the helmetκόρυς · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies κύμβαχονχαλκήρεοςbronze-boundχαλκήρης · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies κόρυθοςἱπποδασείηςhorsehair-crestedἱπποδάσεια · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies κόρυθος - 536
horsehair-crested helmet with his sharp spear,
Metre
κύμβαχονἀκρότατον‖νύξἔγχεϊὀξυόεντι
κύμβαχονhelmet's crownκύμβαχος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of νύξ̓ἀκρότατονtopmostἄκρος · accusative singular masculine superlative adjectivemodifies κύμβαχοννύξstabbedνύσσω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔγχεϊspearἔγχος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to νύξ̓ὀξυόεντιsharpὀξυόεις · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχεϊ - 537
and sheared the horsehair plume from it; the whole crest
Metre
ῥῆξεἀφἵππειον‖λόφοναὐτοῦπᾶςδὲχαμᾶζε
ῥῆξεbrokeῥήγνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀφfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionἵππειονhorsehairἵππειος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies λόφονλόφονthe crestλόφος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ῥῆξεαὐτοῦfrom itαὐτός · genitive singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἀφ̓πᾶςallπᾶς · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of κάππεσενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχαμᾶζεto the groundχαμᾶζε · adverbobject of κάππεσεν - 538
fell down in the dust, gleaming with fresh purple dye.
Metre
κάππεσενἐνκονίῃσι‖νέονφοίνικιφαεινός
κάππεσενfellκαταπίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionκονίῃσιthe dustκονία · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐννέονfreshνέος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to φαεινόςφοίνικιpurple dyeφοῖνιξ · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to φαεινόςφαεινόςgleamingφαεινός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πᾶς - 539
While Dolops stood and fought him, still hoping for victory,
Metre
εἷοςὃτῷπολέμιζε‖μένωνἔτιἔλπετονίκην
εἷοςwhileεἷος · adverbadverbial to δ̓ὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δ̓τῷhimὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of πολέμιζεπολέμιζεwas fightingπολεμίζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓μένωνremainingμένω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to πολέμιζεἔτιstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to ἔλπετοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔλπετοhopedἔλπω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓νίκηνvictoryνίκη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔλπετο - 540
warlike Menelaus came to Meges as a defender.
Metre
τόφραδέοἱΜενέλαος‖ἀρήϊοςἦλθενἀμύντωρ
τόφραmeanwhileτόφρα · adverbadverbial to δ̓δέandδέ · particlesentence particleοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἦλθενΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἦλθενἀρήϊοςwarlikeἄρειος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Μενέλαοςἦλθενcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀμύντωρdefenderἀμύντωρ · nominative singular masculine nouncircumstantial complement - 541
He stood unseen at Dolops's flank with his spear and struck his shoulder from behind;
Metre
στῆεὐρὰξσὺνδουρὶ‖λαθώνβάλεὦμονὄπισθεν
στῆstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleεὐρὰξto one sideεὐράξ · adverbadverbial to στῆσὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionδουρὶspearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to σὺνλαθώνunseenλανθάνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to στῆβάλεstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὦμονshoulderὦμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of βάλεὄπισθενbehindὄπισθεν · adverbadverbial to βάλε - 542
the spearpoint drove eagerly through his chest,
Metre
αἰχμὴδὲστέρνοιο‖διέσσυτομαιμώωσα
αἰχμὴspearpointαἰχμή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of διέσσυτοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordστέρνοιοhis chestστέρνον · genitive singular neuter nounobject of διέσσυτοδιέσσυτοwent throughδιασεύομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμαιμώωσαrushing furiouslyμαιμάω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to διέσσυτο - 543
thrusting forward, and he crumpled face-first.
Metre
πρόσσωἱεμένη‖ὃἄραπρηνὴςἐλιάσθη
πρόσσωforwardπρόσω · adverbobject of ἱεμένηἱεμένηthrusting forwardἵημι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to διέσσυτοὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐλιάσθηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleπρηνὴςheadfirstπρηνής · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐλιάσθηcrumpledλιάζομαι · aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 544
The two set about stripping the bronze-bound armor from his shoulders,
Metre
τὼμὲνἐεισάσθην‖χαλκήρεατεύχεἀπὤμων
τὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of ἐεισάσθηνμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐεισάσθηνset aboutεἶμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbχαλκήρεαbronze-shodχαλκήρης · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχἐτεύχεarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of συλήσεινἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionὤμωνshouldersὦμος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἀπ̓ - 545
but Hector called to all his kinsmen,
Metre
συλήσεινἝκτωρ‖δὲκασιγνήτοισικέλευσε
συλήσεινto stripσυλάω · future active infinitiveadverbial to ἐεισάσθηνἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓δὲandδέ · particlesentence particleκασιγνήτοισιkinsmenκασίγνητος · dative plural masculine nounobject of κέλευσεκέλευσεorderedκελεύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 546
and first rebuked the son of Hicetaon,
πᾶσιallπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies κασιγνήτοισιμάλαearnestlyμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleπρῶτονfirstπρῶτος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐνένιπενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἹκεταονίδηνHicetaon's sonἹκεταονίδης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Μελάνιππονἐνένιπενrebukedἐνίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 547
mighty Melanippus. Before then he had pastured shambling cattle
Metre
ἴφθιμονΜελάνιππον‖ὃὄφραμὲνεἰλίποδαςβοῦς
ἴφθιμονmightyἴφθιμος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜελάνιππονΜελάνιππονMelanippusΜελάνιππος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐνένιπενὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of βόσκ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleὄφραbeforeὄφρα · adverbadverbial to βόσκ̓μὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleεἰλίποδαςshamblingεἰλίπους · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies βοῦςβοῦςcattleβοῦς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of βόσκ̓ - 548
in Percote, while the enemy was still far away;
Metre
βόσκἐνΠερκώτῃ‖δηΐωνἀπὸνόσφινἐόντων
βόσκhe pasturedβόσκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionΠερκώτῃPercoteΠερκώτη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνδηΐωνthe enemyδάιος · genitive plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἐόντωνἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionemphasizing particleνόσφινapartνόσφι · adverbadverbial to ἐόντωνἐόντωνbeingεἰμί · present active participle, genitive plural masculineadverbial to βόσκ̓ - 549
But when the Danaans' curved ships came,
Metre
αὐτὰρἐπεὶΔαναῶν‖νέεςἤλυθονἀμφιέλισσαι
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · adverbadverbial to ἤλυθονΔαναῶνof the DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies νέεςνέεςshipsναῦς · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἤλυθονἤλυθονcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἦλθεἀμφιέλισσαιcurvedἀμφιέλισσα · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νέες - 550
he returned to Ilion and stood out among the Trojans.
Metre
ἂψεἰςἼλιονἦλθε‖μετέπρεπεδὲΤρώεσσι
ἂψbackἄψ · adverbobject of ἦλθεεἰςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἼλιονIlionἼλιος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἰςἦλθεcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμετέπρεπεstood outμεταπρέπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleΤρώεσσιthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of μετέπρεπε - 551
He lived beside Priam, who honored him like his own children.
Metre
ναῖεδὲπὰρΠριάμῳ‖ὃδέμιντίενἶσατέκεσσι
ναῖεlivedναίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπὰρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionΠριάμῳPriamΠρίαμος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to πὰρὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of τίενδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of τίεντίενhonoredτίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἶσαequalἴσος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to τίεντέκεσσιchildrenτέκος · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἶσα - 552
Hector rebuked him, addressed him, and called him by name:
τόνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐνένιπενῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τ̓ἐνένιπενrebukedἐνίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔποςwordἔπος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔφατ̓τandτε · particlesentence particleἔφατhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔκbyἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleτandτε · particlecoordinating wordὀνόμαζενcalled by nameὀνομάζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 553
"Melanippus, shall we really hang back like this? Is not even your
Metre
οὕτωδὴΜελάνιππε‖μεθήσομενοὐδένυσοίπερ
οὕτωsoοὕτως · adverbadverbial to μεθήσομενδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleΜελάνιππεMelanippusΜελάνιππος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headμεθήσομενshall we hang backμεθίημι · future active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbνυnowνῦν · adverbsentence particleσοίyourσύ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἦτορπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particle - 554
heart stirred by your cousin's death?
Metre
ἐντρέπεταιφίλονἦτορ‖ἀνεψιοῦκταμένοιο
ἐντρέπεταιis stirredἐντρέπω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφίλονdearφίλος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦτορἦτορheartἦτορ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἐντρέπεταιἀνεψιοῦcousin'sἀνεψιός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐντρέπεταικταμένοιοkilledκτείνω · aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculinemodifies ἀνεψιοῦ - 555
Do you not see how they swarm around Dolops's armor?
Metre
οὐχὁράᾳςοἷον‖Δόλοποςπερὶτεύχεἕπουσιν
οὐχnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleὁράᾳςdo you seeὁράω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbοἷονhowοἷος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἕπουσινΔόλοποςDolops'sΔόλοψ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies τεύχἐπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionτεύχεarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of περὶἕπουσινthey swarmἕπω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbobject of ὁράᾳς - 556
Come, follow me. We can no longer fight the Argives
Metre
ἀλλἕπευοὐγὰρἔτἔστιν‖ἀποσταδὸνἈργείοισι
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἕπευfollow meἕπομαι · aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἔτstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to ἔστινἔστινisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀποσταδὸνfrom a distanceἀποσταδόν · adverbadverbial to μάρνασθαιἈργείοισιthe ArgivesἈργεῖος · dative plural masculine nounobject of μάρνασθαι - 557
from a distance, before we either kill them or utterly sack
Metre
μάρνασθαιπρίνἠὲ‖κατακτάμενἠὲκατἄκρης
μάρνασθαιto fightμάρναμαι · present medio-passive infinitivesubject of ἔστινπρίνbeforeπρίν · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἠὲorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleκατακτάμενkill themκατακτείνω · aorist active infinitiveadverbial to ἠὲἠὲorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκατutterlyκατά · prepositionprepositionWith 'from the heights' across the line break: tmesis expressing utter destruction.
ἄκρηςfrom the heightsἄκρα · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to κατ̓ - 558
steep Ilion and slaughter its people."
Metre
Ἴλιοναἰπεινὴν‖ἑλέεινκτάσθαιτεπολίτας
ἼλιονIlionἼλιος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἑλέειναἰπεινὴνsteepαἰπεινός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἴλιονἑλέεινto sackαἱρέω · aorist active infinitiveadverbial to τεκτάσθαιto slaughterκτείνω · aorist middle infinitiveadverbial to τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordπολίταςcitizensπολίτης · accusative plural masculine nounobject of κτάσθαι - 559
So speaking, he led, and the godlike man followed with him.
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνὃμὲνἦρχ‖ὃἅμἕσπετοἰσόθεοςφώς
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἦρχ̓ὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἦρχ̓μὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἦρχledἄρχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἅμtogetherἅμα · adverbadverbial to ἕσπετοἕσπετοfollowedἕπομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἰσόθεοςgodlikeἰσόθεος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies φώςφώςmanφώς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 560
Then great Telamonian Ajax urged the Argives:
Metre
Ἀργείουςὄτρυνε‖μέγαςΤελαμώνιοςΑἴας
ἈργείουςArgivesἈργεῖος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ὄτρυνεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὄτρυνεurged onὀτρύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμέγαςgreatμέγας · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΑἴαςΤελαμώνιοςTelamonianΤελαμώνιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΑἴαςΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὄτρυνε - 561
"Friends, be men, and set a sense of shame within your hearts;
Metre
ὦφίλοιἀνέρεςἔστε‖καὶαἰδῶθέσθἐνὶθυμῷ
ὦoὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleφίλοιfriendsφίλος · vocative plural masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headἀνέρεςmenἀνήρ · nominative plural masculine nounpredicate nounἔστεbeεἰμί · present active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleαἰδῶshameαἰδώς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of θέσθ̓θέσθsetτίθημι · aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionθυμῷheartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐνὶ - 562
Have regard for one another amid the fierce encounters.
Metre
ἀλλήλουςαἰδεῖσθε‖κατὰκρατερὰςὑσμίνας
ἀλλήλουςone anotherἀλλήλων · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of αἰδεῖσθετandτε · particlecoordinating wordαἰδεῖσθεrespectαἰδέομαι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionκρατερὰςmightyκρατερός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ὑσμίναςὑσμίναςbattlesὑσμίνη · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to κατὰ - 563
When men feel shame, more are saved than slain;
Metre
αἰδομένωνἀνδρῶν‖πλέονεςσόοιἠὲπέφανται
αἰδομένωνfeeling shameαἰδέομαι · present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculinemodifies ἀνδρῶνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies πλέονεςπλέονεςmoreπλείων · nominative plural masculine comparative adjectivesubjectσόοιsavedσῶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounἠὲorἠέ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπέφανταιkilledθείνω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἠὲ - 564
but for men who flee, neither glory nor any strength arises."
Metre
φευγόντωνοὔτἂρ‖κλέοςὄρνυταιοὔτέτιςἀλκή
φευγόντωνfleeingφεύγω · present active participle, genitive plural masculineadverbial to οὔτέδandδέ · particlesentence particleἂρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleκλέοςgloryκλέος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ὄρνυταιὄρνυταιarisesὄρνυμι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοὔτέneitherοὔτε · adverbcoordinating wordτιςaτις · nominative singular feminine pronounmodifies ἀλκήἀλκήcourageἀλκή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject - 565
So he spoke, and they themselves were eager to defend.
Metre
ὣςἔφαθοἳδὲκαὶαὐτοὶ‖ἀλέξασθαιμενέαινον
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφαθ̓ἔφαθhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of μενέαινονδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleαὐτοὶthey themselvesαὐτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀλέξασθαιto ward offἀλέξω · aorist middle infinitiveobject of μενέαινονμενέαινονwere eagerμενεαίνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 566
They laid his words within their hearts and fenced the ships
Metre
ἐνθυμῷἐβάλοντο‖ἔποςφράξαντοδὲνῆας
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionθυμῷheartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐνδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐβάλοντοlaidβάλλω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἔποςwordἔπος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐβάλοντοφράξαντοfencedφράσσω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of φράξαντο - 567
with a wall of bronze; and Zeus roused the Trojans against them.
Metre
ἕρκεϊχαλκείῳ‖ἐπὶδὲΖεὺςΤρῶαςἔγειρεν
ἕρκεϊbulwarkἕρκος · dative singular neuter nounobject of φράξαντοχαλκείῳbronzeχάλκειος · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἕρκεϊἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔγειρενΤρῶαςTrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἔγειρενἔγειρενstirredἐγείρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 568
Menelaus, good at the war-cry, urged Antilochus:
ἈντίλοχονAntilochusἈντίλοχος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὄτρυνεδandδέ · particlesentence particleὄτρυνεurged onὀτρύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβοὴνat the war-cryβοή · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀγαθὸςἀγαθὸςgoodἀγαθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαοςΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὄτρυνε - 569
"Antilochus, no other Achaean is younger than you,
Metre
Ἀντίλοχοὔτιςσεῖο‖νεώτεροςἄλλοςἈχαιῶν
ἈντίλοχAntilochusἈντίλοχος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectσεῖοthan youσύ · genitive singular masculine pronounadverbial to νεώτεροςνεώτεροςyoungerνεώτερος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἄλλοςanotherἄλλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τιςἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τις - 570
nor swifter on his feet nor as strong as you in battle.
Metre
οὔτεποσὶνθάσσων‖οὔτἄλκιμοςὡςσὺμάχεσθαι
ποσὶνfeetπούς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to θάσσωνθάσσωνswifterταχύς · nominative singular masculine comparative adjectivepredicate nounἄλκιμοςvaliantἄλκιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialσὺyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveadverbial to ἄλκιμος - 571
If only you might leap out and strike some Trojan."
Metre
εἴτινάπουΤρώων‖ἐξάλμενοςἄνδραβάλοισθα
εἴifεἰ · conjunctionsentence particleτινάsomeoneτις · accusative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἄνδραπουperhapsπού · adverbsentence particleΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἄνδραἐξάλμενοςleaping outἐξάλλομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βάλοισθαἄνδραmanἀνήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of βάλοισθαβάλοισθαmight strikeβάλλω · aorist active optative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 572
So speaking, Menelaus darted back again, but stirred Antilochus on.
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀπέσσυτοὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δ̓μὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleαὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbobject of ἀπέσσυτοἀπέσσυτοrushedἀποσεύω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ὀρόθυνενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὀρόθυνενrousedὀροθύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 573
Antilochus sprang from the foremost fighters and cast his shining spear,
ἐκfromἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlesentence particleἔθορεleaptθρῴσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπρομάχωνfront ranksπρόμαχος · genitive plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἔθορεκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀκόντισεcastἀκοντίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδουρὶspearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἀκόντισεφαεινῷshiningφαεινός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δουρὶ - 574
glancing about him; and the Trojans gave ground
Metre
ἀμφὶἓπαπτήνας‖ὑπὸδὲΤρῶεςκεκάδοντο
ἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionἓhimἕ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀμφὶπαπτήναςlooking aboutπαπταίνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀκόντισεὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of κεκάδοντοκεκάδοντοgave groundχάζω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 575
before the man's cast; and he did not send his weapon in vain,
Metre
ἀνδρὸςἀκοντίσσαντος‖ὃοὐχἅλιονβέλοςἧκεν
ἀνδρὸςof a manἀνήρ · genitive singular masculine nounobject of κεκάδοντοἀκοντίσσαντοςhaving castἀκοντίζω · aorist active participle, genitive singular masculinecircumstantial complementὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀλλ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleοὐχnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἅλιονin vainἅλιος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἧκενβέλοςshaftβέλος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἧκενἧκενsentἵημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 576
but struck high-hearted Melanippus, Hicetaon's son,
Metre
ἀλλἹκετάονοςυἱὸν‖ὑπέρθυμονΜελάνιππον
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἹκετάονοςHicetaon'sἹκετάων · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Μελάνιππονὑπέρθυμονhigh-heartedὑπέρθυμος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜελάνιππονΜελάνιππονMelanippusΜελάνιππος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of βάλε - 577
as he came into battle, in the chest beside the nipple.
Metre
νισόμενονπόλεμον‖δὲβάλεστῆθοςπαρὰμαζόν
νισόμενονcomingνίσσομαι · aorist middle participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementπόλεμονwarπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of νισόμενονδὲandδέ · particleemphasizing particleβάλεstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbστῆθοςchestστῆθος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of βάλεπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionμαζόνnippleμαστός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to παρὰ - 578
He fell with a thud, and darkness covered his eyes.
Metre
δούπησενδὲπεσών‖τὸνδὲσκότοςὄσσεκάλυψεν
δούπησενfell with a thudδουπέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπεσώνfallingπίπτω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δούπησεντὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of κάλυψενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσκότοςdarknessσκότος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κάλυψενὄσσεeyesὄσσε · accusative dual neuter nounobject of κάλυψενκάλυψενcoveredκαλύπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 579
Antilochus sprang upon him like a hound that leaps
ἈντίλοχοςAntilochusἈντίλοχος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐπόρουσεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπόρουσεsprang uponἐπορούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκύωνhoundκύων · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectὥςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀΐξῃτandτε · particlesentence particleἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionνεβρῷfawnνεβρός · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπὶ - 580
upon a wounded fawn, which, as it sprang from its lair,
βλημένῳwoundedβάλλω · aorist middle participle, dative singular masculinemodifies νεβρῷἀΐξῃleapsἀίσσω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing κύωντόνitὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of βαλώντandτε · particlesentence particleἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionεὐνῆφιlairεὐνή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐξθορόνταhaving sprungθρῴσκω · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 581
a hunter happened to strike, and loosened its limbs—
Metre
θηρητὴρἐτύχησε‖βαλώνὑπέλυσεδὲγυῖα
θηρητὴρhunterθηρατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δὲἐτύχησεhappenedτυγχάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δὲβαλώνhaving struckβάλλω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐτύχησεὑπέλυσεloosenedὑπολύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δὲδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordγυῖαlimbsγυῖον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ὑπέλυσε - 582
so upon you, Melanippus, Antilochus steadfast in battle sprang
Metre
ὣςἐπὶσοὶΜελάνιππε‖θόρἈντίλοχοςμενεχάρμης
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to θόῤἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionσοὶyouσύ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπὶΜελάνιππεMelanippusΜελάνιππος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headθόρsprangθρῴσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈντίλοχοςAntilochusἈντίλοχος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of θόῤμενεχάρμηςsteadfast in battleμενεχάρμης · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀντίλοχος - 583
to strip his armor; but he did not escape godlike Hector's notice,
Metre
τεύχεασυλήσων‖ἀλλοὐλάθενἝκτοραδῖον
τεύχεαarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of συλήσωνσυλήσωνto despoilσυλάω · future active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to θόῤἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleλάθενescaped notice ofλανθάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of λάθενδῖονgodlikeδῖος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτορα - 584
who ran to meet him through the battle.
Metre
ὅςῥάοἱἀντίοςἦλθε‖θέωνἀνὰδηϊοτῆτα
ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἦλθεῥάthenἄρα · particlesentence particleοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀντίοςἀντίοςto meet himἀντίος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἦλθεcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἕκτοραθέωνrunningθέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἦλθεἀνὰthroughἀνά · prepositionprepositionδηϊοτῆταbattle strifeδηιοτής · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀνὰ - 585
Antilochus did not stand his ground, swift fighter though he was,
ἈντίλοχοςAntilochusἈντίλοχος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of μεῖνεδandδέ · particlesentence particleοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμεῖνεstood his groundμένω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθοόςswiftθοός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πολεμιστήςπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἐὼνbeingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μεῖνεπολεμιστήςa warriorπολεμιστής · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate noun - 586
but fled like a beast that has done some harm,
Metre
ἀλλὅἄρἔτρεσεθηρὶ‖κακὸνῥέξαντιἐοικώς
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔτρεσεγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔτρεσεfledτρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθηρὶa wild beastθήρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐοικώςκακὸνevilκακός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveobject of ῥέξαντιῥέξαντιhaving done harmῥέζω · aorist active participle, dative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἐοικώςlikeἔοικα · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔτρεσε - 587
one that has killed a dog or a herdsman among the cattle
Metre
ὅςτεκύνακτείνας‖ἢβουκόλονἀμφὶβόεσσι
ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of φεύγειτεandτε · particlesentence particleκύναdogκύων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἢκτείναςhaving killedκτείνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to φεύγειἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordβουκόλονherdsmanβουκόλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἢἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionβόεσσιcattleβοῦς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἀμφὶ - 588
and escapes before a crowd of men can gather.
Metre
φεύγειπρίνπερὅμιλον‖ἀολλισθήμεναιἀνδρῶν
φεύγειescapesφεύγω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing θηρὶπρίνbeforeπρίν · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleὅμιλονthe throngὅμιλος · accusative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀολλισθήμεναιἀολλισθήμεναιcan gatherἀολλίζω · aorist passive infinitiveadverbial to πρίνἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ὅμιλον - 589
So Nestor's son fled, while Hector and the Trojans behind him
Metre
ὣςτρέσεΝεστορίδης‖ἐπὶδὲΤρῶέςτεκαὶἝκτωρ
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to τρέσετρέσεfledτρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΝεστορίδηςson of NestorΝεστορίδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τρέσεἐπὶbehindἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΤρῶέςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 590
with wondrous clamor poured their groan-bringing missiles after them.
Metre
ἠχῇθεσπεσίῃ‖βέλεαστονόενταχέοντο
ἠχῇwith a roarἠχή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to χέοντοθεσπεσίῃwondrousθεσπέσιος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἠχῇβέλεαmissilesβέλος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of χέοντοστονόενταgroan-bringingστονόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies βέλεαχέοντοpouredχέω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 591
He stood and turned about when he reached the host of his comrades.
Metre
στῆδὲμεταστρεφθείς‖ἐπεὶἵκετοἔθνοςἑταίρων
στῆstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμεταστρεφθείςturned aboutμεταστρέφω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to στῆἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · adverbadverbial to ἵκετοἵκετοreachedἱκνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to στῆἔθνοςthrongἔθνος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἵκετοἑταίρωνcompanionsἑταῖρος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἔθνος - 592
But the Trojans, like raw-flesh-eating lions,
ΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of δ̓δὲandδέ · particlesentence particleλείουσινlionsλέων · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐοικότεςἐοικότεςlikeἔοικα · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐπεσσεύοντοὠμοφάγοισιraw-flesh-eatingὠμόφαγος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies λείουσιν - 593
swept upon the ships and fulfilled the commands of Zeus,
νηυσὶνshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπεσσεύοντοἐπεσσεύοντοswept uponἐπισσεύω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἐφετμάςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐτέλειονfulfilledτελέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐφετμάςcommandsἐφετμή · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐτέλειον - 594
who ever roused great strength in them, but bewitched the spirit
Metre
ὅσφισιναἰὲνἔγειρε‖μένοςμέγαθέλγεδὲθυμὸν
ὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δ̓σφισινfor themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to ἔγειρεαἰὲνalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἔγειρεἔγειρεstirredἐγείρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓μένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔγειρεμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies μένοςθέλγεbewitchedθέλγω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleθυμὸνheartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of θέλγε - 595
of the Argives and robbed them of glory, while urging the Trojans on,
Metre
Ἀργείωνκαὶκῦδος‖ἀπαίνυτοτοὺςὀρόθυνεν
ἈργείωνArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies θυμὸνκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀπαίνυτοἀπαίνυτοrobbed awayἀπαίνυμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶτοὺςthemὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ὀρόθυνενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὀρόθυνενrousedὀροθύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓ - 596
for the heart of Zeus wished to grant glory to Hector.
Metre
Ἕκτοριγάροἱθυμὸς‖ἐβούλετοκῦδοςὀρέξαι
ἝκτοριHectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of ὀρέξαιγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies θυμὸςθυμὸςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐβούλετοἐβούλετοwishedβούλομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ὀρέξαιὀρέξαιto grantὀρέγω · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἐβούλετο - 597
Priam's son, so that upon the curved ships heaven-kindled fire,
Metre
Πριαμίδῃἵνανηυσὶ‖κορωνίσιθεσπιδαὲςπῦρ
Πριαμίδῃson of PriamΠριαμίδης · dative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἕκτοριἵναso thatἵνα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionνηυσὶshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐμβάλοικορωνίσιcurvedκορωνίς · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶθεσπιδαὲςgod-kindledθεσπιδαής · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πῦρπῦρfireπῦρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐμβάλοι - 598
unwearying, he might cast, and fulfill Thetis' excessive prayer
ἐμβάλοιmight castἐμβάλλω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓ἀκάματονtirelessἀκάματος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πῦρΘέτιδοςThetisΘέτις · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἀρὴνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐξαίσιονexcessiveἐξαίσιος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀρὴνἀρὴνprayerἀρά · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπικρήνειε - 599
in full; for Zeus the counselor waited for this:
Metre
πᾶσανἐπικρήνειε‖τὸγὰρμένεμητίεταΖεὺς
πᾶσανin fullπᾶς · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀρὴνἐπικρήνειεmight fulfillἐπικραίνω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓τὸthisὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounobjectγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleμένεwaitedμένω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμητίεταthe counselorμητίετα · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΖεὺςΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of μένε - 600
to see with his own eyes the blaze of a burning ship.
Metre
νηὸςκαιομένης‖σέλαςὀφθαλμοῖσινἰδέσθαι
νηὸςshipναῦς · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies σέλαςκαιομένηςburningκαίω · present medio-passive participle, genitive singular femininemodifies νηὸςσέλαςflashσέλας · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἰδέσθαιὀφθαλμοῖσινwith his eyesὀφθαλμός · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἰδέσθαιἰδέσθαιto beholdεἶδον · aorist middle infinitiveobject - 601
For from that moment he intended to bring about a rout from the ships
Metre
ἐκγὰρδὴτοῦμέλλε‖παλίωξινπαρὰνηῶν
ἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleτοῦthat momentὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἐκμέλλεwas destinedμέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπαλίωξινcounter-pursuitπαλίωξις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of θησέμεναιπαρὰfromπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies παρὰ - 602
of the Trojans, and to grant glory to the Danaans.
Metre
θησέμεναιΤρώων‖Δαναοῖσιδὲκῦδοςὀρέξειν
θησέμεναιto bring aboutτίθημι · future active infinitiveobject of δὲΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies παλίωξινΔαναοῖσιthe DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject of ὀρέξεινδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ὀρέξεινὀρέξεινto grantὀρέγω · future active infinitiveobject of δὲ - 603
With this in mind, he drove against the hollow ships
Metre
τὰφρονέωννήεσσιν‖ἔπιγλαφυρῇσινἔγειρεν
τὰthese thingsὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of φρονέωνφρονέωνintendingφρονέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔγειρεννήεσσινshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἔπιἔπιuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionγλαφυρῇσινhollowγλαφυρός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νήεσσινἔγειρενstirredἐγείρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 604
Hector, Priam's son, though he was fiercely eager himself.
Metre
ἝκτοραΠριαμίδην‖μάλαπερμεμαῶτακαὶαὐτόν
ἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔγειρενΠριαμίδηνson of PriamΠριαμίδης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἕκτοραμάλαveryμάλα · adverbadverbial to μεμαῶταπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particleμεμαῶταeagerμέμαα · perfect active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleαὐτόνhimselfαὐτός · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 605
He raged as spear-brandishing Ares rages, or deadly fire
Metre
μαίνετοὡςὅτἌρης‖ἐγχέσπαλοςἢὀλοὸνπῦρ
μαίνετοragedμαίνομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὡςasὡς · adverbemphasizing particleὅτwhenὅτε · adverbadverbial to ἢἌρηςAresἌρης · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἐγχέσπαλοςspear-fightingἐγχέσπαλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἄρηςἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordὀλοὸνdeadlyὀλοός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πῦρπῦρfireπῦρ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of μαίνηται - 606
among the mountains in the thickets of a deep forest.
Metre
οὔρεσιμαίνηται‖βαθέηςἐντάρφεσινὕλης
οὔρεσιmountainsὄρος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to μαίνηταιμαίνηταιragesμαίνομαι · present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἢβαθέηςdeepβαθύς · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ὕληςἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionτάρφεσινthicketsτάρφος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐνὕληςforestὕλη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies τάρφεσιν - 607
Foam formed about his mouth, and his two eyes
Metre
ἀφλοισμὸςδὲπερὶ‖στόμαγίγνετοτὼδέοἱὄσσε
ἀφλοισμὸςfoamἀφλοισμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of γίγνετοδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionστόμαmouthστόμα · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to περὶγίγνετοformedγίγνομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτὼbothὁ · nominative dual neuter articlemodifies ὄσσεδέandδέ · particlesentence particleοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies ὄσσεὄσσεeyesὄσσε · nominative dual neuter nounsubject of λαμπέσθην - 608
blazed beneath his grim brows, while round his head the helmet
Metre
λαμπέσθηνβλοσυρῇσιν‖ὑπὀφρύσινἀμφὶδὲπήληξ
λαμπέσθηνflashedλάμπω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbβλοσυρῇσινgrimβλοσυρός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ὀφρύσινὑπbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionὀφρύσινbrowsὀφρύς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ὑπ̓ἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπήληξhelmetπήληξ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τινάσσετο - 609
shook terribly upon his temples as he fought.
Metre
σμερδαλέονκροτάφοισι‖τινάσσετομαρναμένοιο
σμερδαλέονterriblyσμερδαλέος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to τινάσσετοκροτάφοισιtemplesκρόταφος · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἀμφὶτινάσσετοshookτινάσσω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμαρναμένοιοas he foughtμάρναμαι · present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 610
For Zeus himself was Hector's defender from the heavens,
Metre
Ἕκτοροςαὐτὸςγάρ‖οἱἀπαἰθέροςἦενἀμύντωρ
Ἕκτοροςof HectorἝκτωρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πήληξαὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἦενἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionαἰθέροςclear skyαἰθήρ · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to ἀπ̓ἦενwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀμύντωρdefenderἀμύντωρ · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate noun - 611
who, though he stood alone among many men,
Metre
Ζεύςὅςμινπλεόνεσσι‖μετἀνδράσιμοῦνονἐόντα
ΖεύςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἦενὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καὶμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of καὶπλεόνεσσιmanyπλείων · dative plural neuter comparative adjectivemodifies ἀνδράσιμετamongμετά · prepositionprepositionἀνδράσιmenἀνήρ · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to μετ̓μοῦνονaloneμόνος · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐόνταbeingεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 612
honored and glorified him; for he was destined
Metre
τίμακαὶκύδαινε‖μινυνθάδιοςγὰρἔμελλεν
τίμαhonoredτιμάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκύδαινεglorifiedκυδαίνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶμινυνθάδιοςshort-livedμινυνθάδιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἔμελλενwas destinedμέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 613
to be short-lived; for already the day appointed for his death
Metre
ἔσσεσθἤδηγάρ‖οἱἐπόρνυεμόρσιμονἦμαρ
ἔσσεσθto beεἰμί · future middle infinitiveobject of ἔμελλενἤδηalreadyἤδη · adverbadverbial to ἐπόρνυεγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπόρνυεἐπόρνυεrouse against himἐπόρνυμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμόρσιμονfatedμόρσιμος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦμαρἦμαρdayἦμαρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐπόρνυε - 614
Pallas Athena was setting in motion through the force of the son of Peleus.
Metre
ΠαλλὰςἈθηναίη‖ὑπὸΠηλεΐδαοβίηφιν
ΠαλλὰςPallasΠαλλάς · nominative singular feminine nounmodifies ἈθηναίηἈθηναίηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐπόρνυεὑπὸthroughὑπό · prepositionprepositionΠηλεΐδαοson of PeleusΠηλείδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies βίηφινβίηφινforceβία · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ὑπὸ - 615
He sought to break the ranks of men, testing them
Metre
καίἔθελενῥῆξαι‖στίχαςἀνδρῶνπειρητίζων
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔθελενsoughtἐθέλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbῥῆξαιto breakῥήγνυμι · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἔθελενστίχαςranksστίξ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ῥῆξαιἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies στίχαςπειρητίζωνtestingπειρητίζω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔθελεν - 616
wherever he saw the greatest mass and the finest armor.
Metre
ᾗδὴπλεῖστονὅμιλον‖ὅρακαὶτεύχεἄριστα
ᾗwhereᾗ · adverbadverbial to ὅραδὴindeedδή · particleemphasizing particleπλεῖστονthickestπλεῖστος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὅμιλονὅμιλονthrongὅμιλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶὅραhe sawὁράω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to πειρητίζωνκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordτεύχεarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶἄρισταfinestἄριστος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχἐ - 617
Yet even so he could not break them, though he raged to do it,
ἀλλyetἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὧςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to δύνατοδύνατοcouldδύναμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbῥῆξαιbreak themῥήγνυμι · aorist active infinitiveobject of δύνατομάλαveryμάλα · adverbadverbial to μενεαίνωνπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particleμενεαίνωνragingμενεαίνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δύνατο - 618
for they held firm, fitted together like a tower, like a rock
Metre
ἴσχονγὰρπυργηδὸν‖ἀρηρότεςἠΰτεπέτρη
ἴσχονheld firmἴσχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleπυργηδὸνtower-likeπυργηδόν · adverbadverbial to ἀρηρότεςἀρηρότεςfitted togetherἀραρίσκω · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἴσχονἠΰτεasἠύτε · adverbadverbialπέτρηrockπέτρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject - 619
great and sheer, standing close beside the gray sea,
Metre
ἠλίβατοςμεγάλη‖πολιῆςἁλὸςἐγγὺςἐοῦσα
ἠλίβατοςsheerἠλίβατος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies πέτρημεγάληgreatμέγας · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies πέτρηπολιῆςgrayπολιός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἁλὸςἁλὸςseaἅλς · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐγγὺςἐγγὺςnearἐγγύς · prepositionprepositionἐοῦσαstandingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative singular femininemodifies πέτρη - 620
which withstands the swift courses of shrill winds
Metre
ἥτεμένειλιγέων‖ἀνέμωνλαιψηρὰκέλευθα
ἥwhichὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of μένειτεandτε · particlesentence particleμένειwithstandsμένω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing πέτρηλιγέωνshrillλιγύς · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνέμωνἀνέμωνwindsἄνεμος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies κέλευθαλαιψηρὰswiftλαιψηρός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies κέλευθακέλευθαcoursesκέλευθος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of τε - 621
and the swelling waves that belch against it.
Metre
κύματάτετροφόεντα‖τάτεπροσερεύγεταιαὐτήν
κύματάwavesκῦμα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordτροφόενταswellingτροφόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies κύματάτάwhichὁ · nominative plural neuter pronounsubject of προσερεύγεταιτεandτε · particlesentence particleπροσερεύγεταιbelches againstπροσερεύγομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing κύματάαὐτήνitαὐτός · accusative singular feminine adjectiveobject of προσερεύγεται - 622
So the Danaans waited steadily for the Trojans and did not flee.
Metre
ὣςΔαναοὶΤρῶας‖μένονἔμπεδονοὐδὲφέβοντο
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to μένονΔαναοὶDanaansΔαναοί · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of μένονΤρῶαςTrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of μένονμένονwaitedμένω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἔμπεδονsteadfastἔμπεδος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to μένονφέβοντοfledφέβομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 623
But Hector, blazing with fire on every side, leapt into the throng
Metre
αὐτὰρὃλαμπόμενος‖πυρὶπάντοθενἔνθορὁμίλῳ
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔνθοῤλαμπόμενοςblazingλάμπω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔνθοῤπυρὶfireπῦρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to λαμπόμενοςπάντοθενfrom every sideπάντοθεν · adverbadverbial to λαμπόμενοςἔνθορleapt intoἐνθρώσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὁμίλῳthrongὅμιλος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἔνθοῤ - 624
and fell upon them as when a wave falls upon a swift ship,
ἐνupon themἐν · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔπεσfellπίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὡςasὡς · adverbemphasizing particleὅτεwhenὅτε · adverbadverbial to πέσῃσικῦμαa waveκῦμα · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of πέσῃσιθοῇswiftθοός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νηῒἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionνηῒshipναῦς · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐνπέσῃσιfallsπίπτω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἔπεσ̓ - 625
violent beneath the clouds and nursed by the wind; the ship is wholly
Metre
λάβρονὑπαὶνεφέων‖ἀνεμοτρεφέςἣδέτεπᾶσα
λάβρονfuriousλάβρος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κῦμαὑπαὶbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionνεφέωνcloudsνέφος · genitive plural neuter nounadverbial to ὑπαὶἀνεμοτρεφέςwind-nurturedἀνεμοτρεφής · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κῦμαἣsheὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ὑπεκρύφθηδέandδέ · particlesentence particleτεandτε · particlesentence particleπᾶσαallπᾶς · nominative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 626
hidden under foam, and the wind's dreadful blast
Metre
ἄχνῃὑπεκρύφθη‖ἀνέμοιοδὲδεινὸςἀήτη
ἄχνῃfoamἄχνη · dative singular feminine nounobject of ὑπεκρύφθηὑπεκρύφθηwas hidden beneathὑποκρύπτω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀνέμοιοwind'sἄνεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἀήτηδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleδεινὸςterribleδεινός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἀήτηἀήτηblastἀήτης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐμβρέμεται - 627
roars in the sail, while the sailors' hearts tremble
Metre
ἱστίῳἐμβρέμεται‖τρομέουσιδέτεφρέναναῦται
ἱστίῳthe sailἱστίον · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἐμβρέμεταιἐμβρέμεταιroars withinἐμβρέμομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτρομέουσιtrembleτρομέω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεandτε · particlesentence particleφρέναheartsφρήν · accusative plural neuter nounadverbial to τρομέουσιναῦταιsailorsναύτης · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τρομέουσι - 628
in fear, for they are borne only a little way out from under death—
Metre
δειδιότεςτυτθὸν‖γὰρὑπἐκθανάτοιοφέρονται
δειδιότεςfearingδείδω · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to τρομέουσιτυτθὸνonly a littleτυτθός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to φέρονταιγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleὑπbeneathὑπό · prepositionemphasizing particleἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionθανάτοιοof deathθάνατος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκφέρονταιare borneφέρω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 629
so the spirit in the Achaeans' breasts was torn apart.
Metre
ὣςἐδαΐζετοθυμὸς‖ἐνὶστήθεσσινἈχαιῶν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐδαΐζετοἐδαΐζετοwas torn apartδαίζω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθυμὸςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐδαΐζετοἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσινbreastστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounmodifies ἐνὶἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies στήθεσσιν - 630
But Hector came on like a murderous-minded lion among cattle
Metre
αὐτὰρὅὥςτελέων‖ὀλοόφρωνβουσὶνἐπελθών
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleὥςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialτεandτε · particlesentence particleλέωνa lionλέων · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectὀλοόφρωνmurderous-mindedὀλοόφρων · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies λέωνβουσὶνamong cattleβοῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπελθώνἐπελθώνcame onἐπέρχομαι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial - 631
that graze in the meadow of a great marsh,
Metre
αἵῥάἐνεἱαμενῇ‖ἕλεοςμεγάλοιονέμονται
αἵwhoὅς · nominative plural feminine pronounsubject of νέμονταιῥάthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτandτε · particlesentence particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionεἱαμενῇbottomlandεἱαμενή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνἕλεοςmarshἕλος · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies εἱαμενῇμεγάλοιοgreatμέγας · genitive singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἕλεοςνέμονταιgrazeνέμω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing δέ - 632
thousands of them; and among them is a herdsman who does not yet know clearly
Metre
μυρίαιἐνδέτετῇσι‖νομεὺςοὔπωσάφαεἰδὼς
μυρίαιthousandsμυρίος · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies αἵἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεandτε · particlesentence particleτῇσιamong themὁ · dative plural feminine pronounadverbial to ἐννομεὺςherdsmanνομεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleπωyetπω · particleadverbial to εἰδὼςσάφαclearlyσάφα · adverbadverbial to εἰδὼςεἰδὼςknowingοἶδα · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculinemodifies νομεὺς - 633
how to fight the beast over the slaughter of a curving-horned cow.
Metre
θηρὶμαχέσσασθαι‖ἕλικοςβοὸςἀμφὶφονῇσιν
θηρὶthe beastθήρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of μαχέσσασθαιμαχέσσασθαιto fightμάχομαι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of εἰδὼςἕλικοςcurved-hornedἕλιξ · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies βοὸςβοὸςcowβοῦς · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies φονῇσινἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionφονῇσινslaughterφονή · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἀμφὶ - 634
Now he is among the foremost cattle and the rearmost,
Metre
ἤτοιὃμὲνπρώτῃσι‖καὶὑστατίῃσιβόεσσιν
ἤτοιnowἤτοι · particlesentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ὁμοστιχάειμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleπρώτῃσιforemostπρῶτος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὑστατίῃσιrearmostὑστάτιος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies καὶβόεσσινcattleβοῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ὁμοστιχάει - 635
always walking beside them; but the lion springs among the middle,
Metre
αἰὲνὁμοστιχάει‖ὃδέἐνμέσσῃσινὀρούσας
αἰὲνalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ὁμοστιχάειὁμοστιχάειwalks alongsideὁμοστιχάω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὃthe lionὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔδειδέandδέ · particlesentence particleτandτε · particleemphasizing particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionμέσσῃσινmiddleμέσος · dative plural feminine adjectiveobject of ἐνὀρούσαςhaving sprungὀρούω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔδει - 636
and devours a cow, and all the rest shrink away; so then the Achaeans
Metre
βοῦνἔδειαἳδέτεπᾶσαι‖ὑπέτρεσανὣςτότἈχαιοὶ
βοῦνa cowβοῦς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔδειἔδειdevoursἔδω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαἳthe restὁ · nominative plural feminine pronounsubject of ὑπέτρεσανδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεandτε · particlesentence particleπᾶσαιallπᾶς · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies αἳὑπέτρεσανshrink awayὑποτρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐφόβηθεντότthenτότε · adverbadverbial to ἐφόβηθενἈχαιοὶthe AchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἐφόβηθεν - 637
fled beyond telling before Hector and father Zeus,
Metre
θεσπεσίωςἐφόβηθεν‖ὑφἝκτορικαὶΔιὶπατρὶ
θεσπεσίωςbeyond tellingθεσπέσιος · adverbadverbial to ἐφόβηθενἐφόβηθενfled in routφοβέω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὑφbeforeὑπό · prepositionprepositionἝκτοριHectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΔιὶZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶπατρὶfatherπατήρ · dative singular masculine nounmodifies Διὶ - 638
all of them; but Hector killed only Periphetes the Mycenaean,
Metre
πάντεςὃοἶονἔπεφνε‖ΜυκηναῖονΠεριφήτην
πάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχαιοὶὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔπεφνεδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἶονonlyοἶος · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔπεφνεkilledθείνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΜυκηναῖονMycenaeanΜυκηναῖος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΠεριφήτηνΠεριφήτηνPeriphetesΠεριφήτης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of , - 639
the dear son of Copreus, who for lord Eurystheus
Metre
Κοπρῆοςφίλονυἱόν‖ὃςΕὐρυσθῆοςἄνακτος
Κοπρῆοςof CopreusΚοπρεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱόνφίλονdearφίλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱόνυἱόνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ,ὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of οἴχνεσκεΕὐρυσθῆοςEurystheusΕὐρυσθεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἀγγελίηςἄνακτοςlordἄναξ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Εὐρυσθῆος - 640
used to carry messages to the mighty strength of Heracles.
Metre
ἀγγελίηςοἴχνεσκε‖βίῃἩρακληείῃ
ἀγγελίηςmessagesἀγγελία · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to οἴχνεσκεοἴχνεσκεused to carryοἰχνέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Περιφήτηνβίῃmighty strengthβία · dative singular feminine nounobject of οἴχνεσκεἩρακληείῃof HeraclesἩράκλειος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies βίῃ - 641
From that much worse father was born a better son,
Metre
τοῦγένετἐκπατρὸς‖πολὺχείρονοςυἱὸςἀμείνων
τοῦfrom thatὁ · genitive singular masculine articlemodifies πατρὸςγένετwas bornγίγνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπατρὸςfatherπατήρ · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκπολὺfarπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to χείρονοςχείρονοςthe worseχείρων · genitive singular comparative adjectivemodifies πατρὸςυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of γένετ̓ἀμείνωνbetterἀμείνων · nominative singular masculine comparative adjectivemodifies υἱὸς - 642
excellent in every way, both in speed of foot and in fighting,
Metre
παντοίαςἀρετάς‖ἠμὲνπόδαςἠδὲμάχεσθαι
παντοίαςin every wayπαντοῖος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἀρετάςἀρετάςexcellenceἀρετή · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to ,ἠμὲνbothἠμέν · conjunctionsentence particleπόδαςspeed of footπούς · accusative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἠδὲἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveadverbial to ἠδὲ - 643
and in understanding he stood among the foremost Mycenaeans.
Metre
καὶνόονἐνπρώτοισι‖Μυκηναίωνἐτέτυκτο
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνόονmindνόος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐτέτυκτοἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionπρώτοισιthe foremostπρότερος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐνΜυκηναίωνMycenaeansΜυκηναῖος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies πρώτοισιἐτέτυκτοstoodτεύχω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 644
It was he who then handed Hector a greater glory.
Metre
ὅςῥατόθἝκτορικῦδος‖ὑπέρτερονἐγγυάλιξε
ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐγγυάλιξεῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτόθthenτότε · adverbadverbial to ἐγγυάλιξεἝκτοριHectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐγγυάλιξεκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐγγυάλιξεὑπέρτερονgreaterὑπέρτερος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κῦδοςἐγγυάλιξεgrantedἐγγυαλίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 645
For as he turned back, he tripped against the rim of his shield,
Metre
στρεφθεὶςγὰρμετόπισθεν‖ἐνἀσπίδοςἄντυγιπάλτο
στρεφθεὶςturning backστρέφω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to πάλτογὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleμετόπισθενbackwardμετόπισθε · adverbobject of στρεφθεὶςἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionἀσπίδοςshieldἀσπίς · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἄντυγιἄντυγιrimἄντυξ · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐνπάλτοtrippedπάλλω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 646
which he always carried, a guard reaching to his feet against missiles.
Metre
τὴναὐτὸςφορέεσκε‖ποδηνεκέἕρκοςἀκόντων
τὴνwhichὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobjectαὐτὸςheαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementφορέεσκεalways carriedφορέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἀσπίδοςποδηνεκέreaching the feetποδηνεκής · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies τὴνἕρκοςguardἕρκος · accusative singular neuter nouncircumstantial complementἀκόντωνagainst missilesἄκων · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἕρκος - 647
Entangled in it, he fell on his back, and around him his helmet
Metre
τῇὅἐνὶβλαφθεὶς‖πέσενὕπτιοςἀμφὶδὲπήληξ
τῇin itὁ · dative singular feminine pronounobject of πέσενὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of πέσενγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἐνὶinἐν · prepositionemphasizing particleβλαφθεὶςentangledβλάπτω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to πέσενπέσενfellπίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὕπτιοςon his backὕπτιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · adverbadverbial to κονάβησεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπήληξhelmetπήληξ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of κονάβησε - 648
clanged terribly about his temples as he fell.
Metre
σμερδαλέονκονάβησε‖περὶκροτάφοισιπεσόντος
σμερδαλέονterriblyσμερδαλέος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to κονάβησεκονάβησεclangedκοναβέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionκροτάφοισιtemplesκρόταφος · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to περὶπεσόντοςas he fellπίπτω · aorist active participle, genitive singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 649
Hector saw at once, ran forward, and stood close beside him,
Metre
Ἕκτωρὀξὺνόησε‖θέωνδέοἱἄγχιπαρέστη
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of νόησεδandδέ · particlesentence particleὀξὺat onceὀξύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to νόησενόησεsawνοέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθέωνran forwardθέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to παρέστηδέandδέ · particlesentence particleοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἄγχιἄγχιnearἄγχι · adverbprepositionπαρέστηstood close besideπαρίστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 650
then planted his spear in his chest and, near his own companions,
Metre
στήθεϊἐνδόρυπῆξε‖φίλωνδέμινἐγγὺςἑταίρων
στήθεϊchestστῆθος · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἐνδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionδόρυspearδόρυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of πῆξεπῆξεplantedπήγνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφίλωνhis ownφίλος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἑταίρωνδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of κτεῖν̓ἐγγὺςnearἐγγύς · prepositionprepositionἑταίρωνcompanionsἑταῖρος · genitive plural masculine nounadverbial to ἐγγὺς - 651
killed him. Though grieving for their comrade, they could not
Metre
κτεῖνοἳοὐκἐδύναντο‖καὶἀχνύμενοίπερἑταίρου
κτεῖνkilled himκτείνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐδύναντοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἐδύναντοcouldδύναμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκαὶthoughκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἀχνύμενοίgrievingἀχεύω · present passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐδύναντοπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἑταίρουtheir comradeἑταῖρος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀχνύμενοί - 652
help him, for they themselves greatly feared godlike Hector.
Metre
χραισμεῖναὐτοὶγὰρ‖μάλαδείδισανἝκτοραδῖον
χραισμεῖνhelp himχραισμέω · present active infinitiveobject of ἐδύναντοαὐτοὶthemselvesαὐτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleμάλαveryμάλα · adverbadverbial to δείδισανδείδισανthey fearedδείδω · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of δείδισανδῖονgodlikeδῖος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτορα - 653
They came in among the ships, and the outermost ships enclosed them,
Metre
εἰσωποὶἐγένοντο‖νεῶνπερὶἔσχεθονἄκραι
εἰσωποὶamongεἰσωπός · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐγένοντοcameγίγνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbνεῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of εἰσωποὶπερὶaround themπερί · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔσχεθονenclosedἔχω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἄκραιoutermostἄκρος · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆες - 654
all those drawn up in the first row; and the Trojans poured upon them.
Metre
νῆεςὅσαιπρῶται‖εἰρύατοτοὶἐπέχυντο
νῆεςshipsναῦς · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἔσχεθονὅσαιall thoseὅσος · nominative plural feminine adjectivesubject of εἰρύατοπρῶταιfirstπρῶτος · nominative plural feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementεἰρύατοdrawn upἐρύω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing νῆεςτοὶtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐπέχυντοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπέχυντοpoured upon themἐπιχέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 655
The Argives withdrew under compulsion from the ships,
Metre
Ἀργεῖοιδὲνεῶν‖μὲνἐχώρησανκαὶἀνάγκῃ
ἈργεῖοιArgivesἈργεῖος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἐχώρησανδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleνεῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἐχώρησανμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐχώρησανwithdrewχωρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἀνάγκῃby compulsionἀνάγκη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐχώρησαν - 656
from those foremost, but stayed there beside the huts,
τῶνthoseὁ · genitive plural feminine articlemodifies πρωτέωνπρωτέωνforemostπρῶτος · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies νεῶναὐτοῦthereαὐτοῦ · adverbadverbial to ἔμεινανδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionκλισίῃσινhutsκλισία · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to παρὰἔμεινανstayedμένω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 657
in a body, and did not scatter through the camp, for shame held them
Metre
ἁθρόοιοὐδὲκέδασθεν‖ἀνὰστρατόνἴσχεγὰραἰδὼς
ἁθρόοιin a bodyἀθρόος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementκέδασθενwere scatteredκεδάννυμι · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀνὰthroughἀνά · prepositionprepositionστρατόνcampστρατός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἀνὰἴσχεheld themἴσχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleαἰδὼςshameαἰδώς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶ - 658
and fear; for without pause they shouted to one another.
Metre
καὶδέοςἀζηχὲς‖γὰρὁμόκλεονἀλλήλοισι
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordδέοςfearδέος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of καὶἀζηχὲςwithout pauseἀζηχής · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ὁμόκλεονγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleὁμόκλεονshouted toὁμοκλέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀλλήλοισιone anotherἀλλήλων · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ὁμόκλεον - 659
And Nestor above all, the Gerenian bulwark of the Achaeans,
Metre
Νέστωραὖτεμάλιστα‖ΓερήνιοςοὖροςἈχαιῶν
ΝέστωρNestorΝέστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectαὖτεin turnαὖτε · adverbsentence particleμάλισταmost of allμάλιστα · adverbadverbial to λίσσεθ̓ΓερήνιοςGerenianΓερήνιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Νέστωροὖροςbulwarkοὖρος · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΝέστωρἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies οὖρος - 660
begged each man, clasping his knees in his parents' name:
Metre
λίσσεθὑπὲρτοκέων‖γουνούμενοςἄνδραἕκαστον
λίσσεθbeggedλίσσομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὑπὲρbyὑπέρ · prepositionprepositionτοκέωνtheir parentsτοκεύς · genitive plural masculine nounadverbial to ὑπὲργουνούμενοςclasping kneesγουνόομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to λίσσεθ̓ἄνδραmanἀνήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of λίσσεθ̓ἕκαστονeachἕκαστος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἄνδρα - 661
"Friends, be men, and set a sense of shame within your hearts
Metre
ὦφίλοιἀνέρεςἔστε‖καὶαἰδῶθέσθἐνὶθυμῷ
ὦoὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleφίλοιfriendsφίλος · vocative plural masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headἀνέρεςmenἀνήρ · nominative plural masculine nounpredicate nounἔστεbeεἰμί · present active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleαἰδῶshameαἰδώς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of θέσθ̓θέσθsetτίθημι · aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionθυμῷheartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐνὶ - 662
before other people; and let each of you remember
Metre
ἄλλωνἀνθρώπων‖ἐπὶδὲμνήσασθεἕκαστος
ἄλλωνothersἄλλος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνθρώπωνἀνθρώπωνmenἄνθρωπος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies αἰδῶἐπὶbeforeἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμνήσασθεrememberμιμνήσκω · aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbἕκαστοςeachἕκαστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 663
children and wives, possessions and parents,
Metre
παίδωνἠδἀλόχων‖καὶκτήσιοςἠδὲτοκήων
παίδωνchildrenπαῖς · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἠδὲἠδandἠδέ · conjunctionsentence particleἀλόχωνwivesἄλοχος · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἠδὲκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleκτήσιοςpossessionsκτῆσις · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἠδὲἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordτοκήωνparentsτοκεύς · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἠδὲ - 664
whether a man's parents are living or have died.
ἠμὲνwhetherἠμέν · conjunctionsentence particleὅτεῳany man'sὅστις · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ζώουσιζώουσιlivingζώω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing καὶκαὶorκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordᾧfor whomὅς · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to κατατεθνήκασικατατεθνήκασιdeadκαταθνήσκω · perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing καὶ - 665
In their name, though they are absent, I clasp your knees here:
Metre
τῶνὕπερἐνθάδἐγὼ‖γουνάζομαιοὐπαρεόντων
τῶνin their nameὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounadverbial to ὕπερὕπερon behalf ofὑπέρ · prepositionprepositionἐνθάδhereἐνθάδε · adverbadverbial to γουνάζομαιἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of γουνάζομαιγουνάζομαιclaspγουνάζομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleπαρεόντωνpresentπάρειμι · present active participle, genitive plural masculinemodifies τῶν - 666
stand firm, and do not turn toward rout."
Metre
ἑστάμεναικρατερῶς‖μὴδὲτρωπᾶσθεφόβονδέ
ἑστάμεναιstand firmἵστημι · perfect active infinitiveobject of γουνάζομαικρατερῶςfirmlyκρατερός · adverbadverbial to ἑστάμεναιμὴnotμή · particleemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτρωπᾶσθεturnτρωπάω · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbφόβονtoward routφόβος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τρωπᾶσθεδέandδέ · particleemphasizing particle - 667
So he spoke and stirred the strength and spirit of every man.
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνὄτρυνε‖μένοςκαὶθυμὸνἑκάστου
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνhe spokeεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὄτρυνεὄτρυνεstirredὀτρύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordθυμὸνheartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἑκάστουeveryἕκαστος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies καὶ - 668
Then Athena drove from their eyes the wondrous cloud
Metre
τοῖσιἀπὀφθαλμῶν‖νέφοςἀχλύοςὦσενἈθήνη
τοῖσιfor themὁ · dative plural masculine pronounmodifies ὀφθαλμῶνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionὀφθαλμῶνeyesὀφθαλμός · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἀπ̓νέφοςcloudνέφος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ὦσενἀχλύοςof mistἀχλύς · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies νέφοςὦσενdrove awayὠθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈθήνηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ὦσεν - 669
of mist; and abundant light appeared to them on both sides,
Metre
θεσπέσιονμάλαδέ‖σφιφόωςγένετἀμφοτέρωθεν
θεσπέσιονwondrousθεσπέσιος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies νέφοςμάλαabundantμάλα · adverbadverbial to γένετ̓δέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσφιfor themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to γένετ̓φόωςlightφόως · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of γένετ̓γένετcameγίγνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀμφοτέρωθενon either sideἀμφοτέρωθεν · adverbobject of γένετ̓ - 670
both toward the ships and over the leveling war.
Metre
ἠμὲνπρὸςνηῶν‖καὶὁμοιΐουπολέμοιο
ἠμὲνbothἠμέν · conjunctionsentence particleπρὸςtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionνηῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὁμοιΐουlevelingὁμοίιος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies πολέμοιοπολέμοιοwarπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of καὶ - 671
They made out Hector, good at the war-cry, and his companions,
Metre
Ἕκτοραδὲφράσσαντο‖βοὴνἀγαθὸνκαὶἑταίρους
ἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordφράσσαντοmade outφράζω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbβοὴνin war-criesβοή · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀγαθὸνἀγαθὸνgoodἀγαθός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτορακαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἑταίρουςcompanionsἑταῖρος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶ - 672
all those who stood apart behind him and did not fight,
Metre
ἠμὲνὅσοιμετόπισθεν‖ἀφέστασανοὐδὲμάχοντο
ἠμὲνbothἠμέν · conjunctionsentence particleὅσοιall whoὅσος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of δὲμετόπισθενbehindμετόπισθε · adverbadverbial to ἀφέστασανἀφέστασανstood apartἀφίστημι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbsubject of δὲμάχοντοfoughtμάχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbsubject of δὲ - 673
and all those who fought the battle beside the swift ships.
Metre
ἠδὅσσοιπαρὰνηυσὶ‖μάχηνἐμάχοντοθοῇσιν
ἠδandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordὅσσοιall whoὅσος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἐμάχοντοπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to παρὰμάχηνbattleμάχη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐμάχοντοἐμάχοντοfoughtμάχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbsubject of ἠδ̓θοῇσινswiftθοός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶ - 674
No longer did it please great-hearted Ajax's spirit
Metre
οὐδἄρἔτΑἴαντι‖μεγαλήτοριἥνδανεθυμῷ
ἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔτlongerἔτι · adverbadverbial to ἥνδανεΑἴαντιAjax'sΑἴας · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἥνδανεμεγαλήτοριgreat-heartedμεγαλήτωρ · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Αἴαντιἥνδανεpleaseἁνδάνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθυμῷspiritθυμός · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἥνδανε - 675
to stand where the other sons of the Achaeans stood apart.
Metre
ἑστάμενἔνθάπερἄλλοι‖ἀφέστασανυἷεςἈχαιῶν
ἑστάμενto standἵστημι · perfect active infinitivesubject of ἥνδανεἔνθάwhereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἀφέστασανπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἄλλοιotherἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies υἷεςἀφέστασανstood apartἀφίστημι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἑστάμενυἷεςsonsυἱός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἀφέστασανἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies υἷες - 676
Instead, with long strides he went over the ships' decks,
Metre
ἀλλὅγενηῶνἴκρι‖ἐπῴχετομακρὰβιβάσθων
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐπῴχετογεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleνηῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies ἴκρἰἴκριdecksἴκρια · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐπῴχετοἐπῴχετοwent overἐποίχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμακρὰlongμακρός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to βιβάσθωνβιβάσθωνstridingβιβάσθω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐπῴχετο - 677
wielding in his hands a great polished pike for fighting at sea,
Metre
νώμαδὲξυστὸν‖μέγαναύμαχονἐνπαλάμῃσι
νώμαwieldedνωμάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordξυστὸνpikeξυστόν · accusative singular neuter nounobject of νώμαμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ξυστὸνναύμαχονfor sea-fightingναύμαχος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ξυστὸνἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionπαλάμῃσιhandsπαλάμη · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐν - 678
well-jointed with clamps and twenty-two cubits long.
Metre
κολλητὸνβλήτροισι‖δυωκαιεικοσίπηχυ
κολλητὸνwell-jointedκολλητός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ξυστὸνβλήτροισιwith clampsβλῆτρον · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to κολλητὸνδυωκαιεικοσίπηχυtwenty-two cubits longδυωκαιεικοσίπηχυς · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ξυστὸν - 679
As when a man well skilled in riding horses at a gallop,
Metre
ὡςὅτἀνὴρἵπποισι‖κελητίζεινἐῢεἰδώς
ὡςasὡς · adverbemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅτwhenὅτι · conjunctionadverbialἀνὴρmanἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἵπποισιhorsesἵππος · dative plural masculine nounobject of κελητίζεινκελητίζεινto ride galloping horsesκελητίζω · present active infinitiveobject of εἰδώςἐῢwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to εἰδώςεἰδώςskilledοἶδα · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculinemodifies ἀνὴρ - 680
once he has gathered four horses together from many,
ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δίηταιτandτε · particlesentence particleἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · adverbadverbial to συναείρεταιἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπολέωνof manyπολύς · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἐκπίσυραςfourτέσσαρες · numeralmodifies ἵππουςσυναείρεταιhas gathered togetherσυναείρω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δίηταιἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of συναείρεται - 681
drives them from the plain toward a great city
Metre
σεύαςἐκπεδίοιο‖μέγαπροτὶἄστυδίηται
σεύαςdrivesσεύω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δίηταιἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπεδίοιοthe plainπεδίον · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἐκμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἄστυπροτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionἄστυcityἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of προτὶδίηταιdrives themδιίημι · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἀνὴρ - 682
down the crowded road, and many gaze at him,
Metre
λαοφόρονκαθὁδόν‖πολέεςτέἑθηήσαντο
λαοφόρονcrowdedλαοφόρος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὁδόνκαθdownκατά · prepositionprepositionὁδόνroadὁδός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to καθ̓πολέεςmanyπολύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἠδὲτέandτε · particlesentence particleἑhimἕ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of θηήσαντοθηήσαντοgaze atθεάομαι · aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 683
men and women alike; but he, always sure and steady,
Metre
ἀνέρεςἠδὲγυναῖκες‖ὃἔμπεδονἀσφαλὲςαἰεὶ
ἀνέρεςmenἀνήρ · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἠδὲἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordγυναῖκεςwomenγυνή · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἠδὲὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀμείβεταιδbutδέ · particlesentence particleἔμπεδονsteadfastἔμπεδος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to θρῴσκωνἀσφαλὲςfirmἀσφαλής · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to θρῴσκωναἰεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to θρῴσκων - 684
leaps from one horse to another while they fly onward—
Metre
θρῴσκωνἄλλοτἐπἄλλον‖ἀμείβεταιοἳδὲπέτονται
θρῴσκωνleapsθρῴσκω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀμείβεταιἄλλοτfrom oneἄλλοτε · adverbadverbial to ἀμείβεταιἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionἄλλονanotherἄλλος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἐπ̓ἀμείβεταιmoves between themἀμείβω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοἳwhile theyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of πέτονταιδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπέτονταιflyπέτομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 685
so Ajax ranged over the many decks of the swift ships
Metre
ὣςΑἴαςἐπὶπολλὰ‖θοάωνἴκριανηῶν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φοίταΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of φοίταἐπὶoverἐπί · prepositionprepositionπολλὰmanyπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἴκριαθοάωνof the swiftθοός · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηῶνἴκριαdecksἴκρια · accusative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐπὶνηῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies ἴκρια - 686
with long strides, and his voice reached the heavens,
φοίταrangedφοιτάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμακρὰlongμακρός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to βιβάςβιβάςstridesβίβημι · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to φοίταφωνὴvoiceφωνή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἵκανενδέandδέ · particlesentence particleοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἵκανεναἰθέρheavensαἰθήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἵκανενἵκανενreachedἱκάνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 687
and always shouting terribly, he urged the Danaans
Metre
αἰεὶδὲσμερδνὸν‖βοόωνΔαναοῖσικέλευε
αἰεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to βοόωνδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσμερδνὸνterriblyσμερδνός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to βοόωνβοόωνshoutingβοάω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κέλευεΔαναοῖσιthe DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject of κέλευεκέλευεurgedκελεύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 688
to defend the ships and shelters. Nor did Hector
Metre
νηυσίτεκαὶκλισίῃσιν‖ἀμυνέμενοὐδὲμὲνἝκτωρ
νηυσίshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκλισίῃσινhutsκλισία · dative plural feminine nounobject of καὶἀμυνέμενto defendἀμύνω · present active infinitiveobject of κέλευεμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of μίμνεν - 689
remain within the mass of closely armored Trojans;
Metre
μίμνενἐνὶΤρώων‖ὁμάδῳπύκαθωρηκτάων
μίμνενremainμίμνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ὁμάδῳὁμάδῳmassὅμαδος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνὶπύκαcloselyπύκα · adverbadverbial to θωρηκτάωνθωρηκτάωνarmoredθωρηκτής · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρώων - 690
but as a blazing eagle swoops upon a flock
Metre
ἀλλὥςὀρνίθων‖πετεηνῶναἰετὸςαἴθων
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὥςasὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐφορμᾶταιτandτε · particlesentence particleὀρνίθωνof birdsὄρνις · genitive plural masculine nounmodifiesπετεηνῶνwingedπετεινός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ὀρνίθωναἰετὸςan eagleἀετός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐφορμᾶταιαἴθωνblazingαἴθων · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies αἰετὸς - 691
of winged birds feeding beside a river—
Metre
ἔθνοςἐφορμᾶται‖ποταμὸνπάραβοσκομενάων
ἔθνοςflockἔθνος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐφορμᾶταιἐφορμᾶταιswoopsἐφορμάω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὣςποταμὸνriverποταμός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to πάραπάραbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionβοσκομενάωνfeedingβόσκω · present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculinemodifies ὀρνίθων - 692
geese, or cranes, or long-necked swans,
Metre
χηνῶνἢγεράνων‖ἢκύκνωνδουλιχοδείρων
χηνῶνgeeseχήν · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies ἢἢorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleγεράνωνcranesγέρανος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἢἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκύκνωνswansκύκνος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἢδουλιχοδείρωνlong-neckedδολιχόδειρος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies κύκνων - 693
so Hector rushed straight at a dark-prowed ship,
Metre
ὣςἝκτωρἴθυσε‖νεὸςκυανοπρῴροιο
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἴθυσεἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἴθυσεἴθυσεrushed straightἰθύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνεὸςshipναῦς · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἴθυσεκυανοπρῴροιοdark-prowedκυανόπρῳρος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies νεὸς - 694
springing head-on; and Zeus thrust him onward from behind
Metre
ἀντίοςἀΐξας‖τὸνδὲΖεὺςὦσενὄπισθε
ἀντίοςhead-onἀντίος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀΐξαςspringingἀίσσω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἴθυσετὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ὦσενδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δὲὦσενthrustὠθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὄπισθεbehindὄπισθεν · adverbadverbial to ὦσεν - 695
with his very mighty hand and roused the host beside him.
χειρὶhis handχείρ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ὦσενμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleμεγάλῃmightyμέγας · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χειρὶὄτρυνεrousedὀτρύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordλαὸνhostλαός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὄτρυνεἅμbesideἅμα · adverbprepositionαὐτῷhimαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἅμ̓ - 696
Once more fierce battle arose beside the ships.
αὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbadverbial to ἐτύχθηδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδριμεῖαfierceδριμύς · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μάχημάχηbattleμάχη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐτύχθηπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶνshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to παρὰἐτύχθηaroseτεύχω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 697
You would have said that tireless men, unbroken by toil,
Metre
φαίηςἀκμῆτας‖καὶἀτειρέαςἀλλήλοισιν
φαίηςyou would have saidφημί · present active optative, 2nd singular verbmain verbκwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἀκμῆταςtireless menἀκμής · accusative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀτειρέαςunbroken by toilἀτειρής · accusative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀλλήλοισινone anotherἀλλήλων · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἄντεσθ̓ - 698
met one another in war, so furiously did they fight.
Metre
ἄντεσθἐνπολέμῳ‖ὡςἐσσυμένωςἐμάχοντο
ἄντεσθmet one anotherἄντομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of φαίηςἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionπολέμῳwarπόλεμος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνὡςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐμάχοντοἐσσυμένωςfuriouslyἐσσύμενος · adverbadverbial to ἐμάχοντοἐμάχοντοfoughtμάχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to φαίης - 699
As they fought, this was their purpose: the Achaeans
Metre
τοῖσιδὲμαρναμένοισιν‖ὅδἦννόοςἤτοιἈχαιοὶ
τοῖσιfor themὁ · dative plural masculine articleadverbial to ἦνδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμαρναμένοισινwhile fightingμάρναμαι · present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculinecircumstantial complementὅδthisὅδε · nominative singular masculine pronounpredicate nounἦνwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνόοςpurposeνόος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἦνἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleἈχαιοὶthe AchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἔφασαν - 700
believed they would not escape the evil, but would perish,
Metre
οὐκἔφασανφεύξεσθαι‖ὑπἐκκακοῦἀλλὀλέεσθαι
οὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἔφασανbelievedφημί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbφεύξεσθαιwould escapeφεύγω · future middle infinitiveobject of ἔφασανὑπfromὑπό · prepositionemphasizing particleἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionκακοῦevilκακός · genitive singular neuter adjectiveobject of ἐκἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordὀλέεσθαιwould perishὄλλυμι · future middle infinitiveobject - 701
while the spirit in every Trojan's breast hoped
Metre
Τρωσὶνἔλπετοθυμὸς‖ἐνὶστήθεσσινἑκάστου
Τρωσὶνamong the TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἔλπετοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔλπετοhopedἔλπω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθυμὸςspiritθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔλπετοἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσινbreastστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounmodifies ἐνὶἑκάστουeveryἕκαστος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies στήθεσσιν - 702
to burn the ships and kill the Achaean heroes.
Metre
νῆαςἐνιπρήσειν‖κτενέεινἥρωαςἈχαιούς
νῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνιπρήσεινἐνιπρήσεινto burnἐμπίμπρημι · future active infinitiveobject of θ̓κτενέεινto killκτείνω · future active infinitiveobject of θ̓θandτε · particlecoordinating wordἥρωαςheroesἥρως · accusative plural masculine nounobject of κτενέεινἈχαιούςAchaeanἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἥρωας - 703
With these thoughts they stood against one another.
Metre
οἳμὲντὰφρονέοντες‖ἐφέστασανἀλλήλοισιν
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐφέστασανμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleτὰthese thingsὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of φρονέοντεςφρονέοντεςthinkingφρονέω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐφέστασανἐφέστασανstood againstἐφίστημι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀλλήλοισινone anotherἀλλήλων · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐφέστασαν - 704
Then Hector seized the stern of the seagoing ship,
Metre
Ἕκτωρδὲπρυμνῆς‖νεὸςἥψατοποντοπόροιο
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἥψατοδὲthenδέ · particlesentence particleπρυμνῆςsternπρυμνός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies νεὸςνεὸςshipναῦς · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἥψατοἥψατοseizedἅπτω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbποντοπόροιοseagoingποντοπόρος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies νεὸς - 705
beautiful and swift-sailing, which had carried Protesilaus
Metre
καλῆςὠκυάλου‖ἣΠρωτεσίλαονἔνεικεν
καλῆςbeautifulκαλός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies νεὸςὠκυάλουswift-sailingὠκύαλος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies νεὸςἣwhichὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of δ̓ΠρωτεσίλαονProtesilausΠρωτεσίλαος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔνεικενἔνεικενcarriedφέρω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓ - 706
to Troy, yet did not carry him back again to his homeland.
Metre
ἐςΤροίηνοὐδαὖτις‖ἀπήγαγεπατρίδαγαῖαν
ἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionΤροίηνTroyΤροία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐςαὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbadverbial to ἀπήγαγεἀπήγαγεcarried backἀπάγω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓πατρίδαnativeπατρίς · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies γαῖανγαῖανlandγαῖα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀπήγαγε - 707
Around that ship Achaeans and Trojans
Metre
τοῦπερδὴπερὶνηὸς‖ἈχαιοίτεΤρῶέςτε
τοῦthatὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies νηὸςπερveryπέρ · particleemphasizing particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionνηὸςshipναῦς · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to περὶἈχαιοίAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleΤρῶέςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 708
slaughtered one another at close quarters. No longer did they
Metre
δῄουνἀλλήλους‖αὐτοσχεδόνοὐδἄρατοίγε
δῄουνslaughteredδηιόω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀλλήλουςone anotherἀλλήλων · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of δῄουναὐτοσχεδόνat close quartersαὐτοσχεδόν · adverbadverbial to δῄουνἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτοίtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of μένονγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particle - 709
wait apart for flights of arrows or casts of spears,
Metre
τόξωνἀϊκὰς‖ἀμφὶςμένονοὐδἔτἀκόντων
τόξωνarrowsτόξον · genitive plural neuter nounmodifies ἀϊκὰςἀϊκὰςflightsἀική · accusative plural feminine nounobject of μένονἀμφὶςapartἀμφίς · adverbadverbial to μένονμένονwaitμένω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἔτany longerἔτι · adverbadverbialἀκόντωνof spearsἄκων · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies - 710
but standing close together with a single purpose,
Metre
ἀλλοἵἐγγύθενἱστάμενοι‖ἕναθυμὸνἔχοντες
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordοἵtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of μάχοντογindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἐγγύθενclose togetherἐγγύθεν · adverbadverbial to ἱστάμενοιἱστάμενοιstandingἵστημι · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to μάχοντοἕναsingleεἷς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμὸνθυμὸνpurposeθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔχοντεςἔχοντεςholdingἔχω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to μάχοντο - 711
they fought with sharp battle-axes and axes,
Metre
ὀξέσιδὴπελέκεσσι‖καὶἀξίνῃσιμάχοντο
ὀξέσιsharpὀξύς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies πελέκεσσιδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleπελέκεσσιbattle-axesπέλεκυς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἀξίνῃσιaxesἀξίνη · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to καὶμάχοντοthey foughtμάχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 712
with great swords and double-pointed spears.
Metre
καὶξίφεσινμεγάλοισι‖καὶἔγχεσινἀμφιγύοισι
καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleξίφεσινswordsξίφος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to καὶμεγάλοισιgreatμέγας · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ξίφεσινκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἔγχεσινspearsἔγχος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to καὶἀμφιγύοισιdouble-pointedἀμφίγυος · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχεσιν - 713
Many fine swords, black-bound and fitted with hilts,
Metre
πολλὰδὲφάσγανακαλὰ‖μελάνδετακωπήεντα
πολλὰmanyπολύς · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies φάσγαναδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleφάσγαναswordsφάσγανον · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of πέσονκαλὰfairκαλός · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies φάσγαναμελάνδεταblack-boundμελάνδετος · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies φάσγανακωπήενταfitted with hiltsκωπήεις · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies φάσγανα - 714
fell to the ground, some from hands and others from the shoulders
Metre
ἄλλαμὲνἐκχειρῶν‖χαμάδιςπέσονἄλλαἀπὤμων
ἄλλαsomeἄλλος · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies φάσγαναμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionχειρῶνhandsχείρ · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἐκχαμάδιςto the groundχαμάδις · adverbobject of πέσονπέσονfellπίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἄλλαothersἄλλος · nominative plural neuter adjectivesubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionὤμωνshouldersὦμος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἀπ̓ - 715
of fighting men, and the black earth ran with blood.
Metre
ἀνδρῶνμαρναμένων‖ῥέεαἵματιγαῖαμέλαινα
ἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ὤμωνμαρναμένωνfightingμάρναμαι · present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculinemodifies ἀνδρῶνῥέεranῥέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαἵματιwith bloodαἷμα · dative singular neuter nounobject of ῥέεγαῖαearthγαῖα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ῥέεμέλαιναblackμέλας · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies γαῖα - 716
Once Hector had grasped the stern, he would not let go,
Metre
Ἕκτωρδὲπρύμνηθεν‖ἐπεὶλάβενοὐχὶμεθίει
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δὲδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπρύμνηθενby the sternπρύμνηθεν · adverbadverbial to λάβενἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · adverbadverbial to λάβενλάβενseizedλαμβάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to μεθίειοὐχὶnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμεθίειlet goμεθίημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 717
holding the sternpost in his hands, and he called to the Trojans:
Metre
ἄφλαστονμετὰχερσὶν‖ἔχωνΤρωσὶνδὲκέλευεν
ἄφλαστονsternpostἄφλαστον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of μεθίειμετὰinμετά · prepositionprepositionχερσὶνhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to μετὰἔχωνholdingἔχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μεθίειΤρωσὶνthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of κέλευενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκέλευενcalled toκελεύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 718
"Bring fire, and all together raise the war-cry!
Metre
οἴσετεπῦρἅμααὐτοὶ‖ἀολλέεςὄρνυτἀϋτήν
οἴσετεbringφέρω · aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbπῦρfireπῦρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of οἴσετεἅμαall togetherἅμα · adverbadverbial to ὄρνυτ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὐτοὶyourselvesαὐτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀολλέεςin one massἀολλής · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementὄρνυτraiseὄρνυμι · present active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbἀϋτήνbattle-cryἀυτή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ὄρνυτ̓ - 719
Now Zeus has given us a day worth all the rest:
Metre
νῦνἡμῖνπάντων‖Ζεὺςἄξιονἦμαρἔδωκε
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἔδωκεἡμῖνfor usἐγώ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἔδωκεπάντωνall the restπᾶς · genitive plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἄξιονΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔδωκεἄξιονworthἄξιος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦμαρἦμαρdayἦμαρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔδωκεἔδωκεhas givenδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 720
to take the ships that came here against the gods' will
Metre
νῆαςἑλεῖναἳδεῦρο‖θεῶνἀέκητιμολοῦσαι
νῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἑλεῖνἑλεῖνto takeαἱρέω · aorist active infinitiveadverbial to ἔδωκεαἳthatὅς · nominative plural feminine pronounsubject of θέσανδεῦροhereδεῦρο · adverbobject of μολοῦσαιθεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἀέκητιἀέκητιagainst their willἀέκητι · adverbadverbial to μολοῦσαιμολοῦσαιcameβλώσκω · aorist active participle, nominative plural feminineadverbial to θέσαν - 721
and caused us many sorrows through the elders' cowardice.
Metre
ἡμῖνπήματαπολλὰ‖θέσανκακότητιγερόντων
ἡμῖνusἐγώ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of θέσανπήματαsorrowsπῆμα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of θέσανπολλὰmanyπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies πήματαθέσανcausedτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing νῆαςκακότητιcowardiceκακότης · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to θέσανγερόντωνof eldersγέρων · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies κακότητι - 722
When I wished to fight beside the ships' sterns,
Metre
οἵἐθέλονταμάχεσθαι‖ἐπὶπρυμνῇσινέεσσιν
οἵwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of τεμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἰσχανάασκονἐθέλονταwantingἐθέλω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἐθέλονταἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionπρυμνῇσιat the sternsπρυμνός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νέεσσιννέεσσινshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐπὶ - 723
they held me back and kept the army in check.
αὐτόνmeαὐτός · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementτandτε · particlesentence particleἰσχανάασκονheld backἰσχανάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing τεἐρητύοντόkept in checkἐρητύω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordλαόνhostλαός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐρητύοντό - 724
But if wide-thundering Zeus then clouded our wits,
Metre
ἀλλεἰδήῥατότε‖βλάπτεφρέναςεὐρύοπαΖεὺς
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleεἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδήindeedδή · particleemphasizing particleῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτότεthenτότε · adverbadverbial to βλάπτεβλάπτεcloudedβλάπτω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἰφρέναςwitsφρήν · accusative plural feminine nounobject of βλάπτεεὐρύοπαwide-thunderingεὐρύοπα · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΖεὺςΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of βλάπτε - 725
now he himself drives us on and commands us."
Metre
ἡμετέραςνῦναὐτὸς‖ἐποτρύνεικαὶἀνώγει
ἡμετέραςourἡμέτερος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies φρέναςνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to καὶαὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐποτρύνειurgesἐποτρύνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀνώγειcommandsἄνωγα · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 726
So he spoke, and they rushed still harder upon the Argives.
Metre
ὣςἔφαθοἳἄραμᾶλλον‖ἐπἈργείοισινὄρουσαν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφαθ̓ἔφαθhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ὄρουσανδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleμᾶλλονharderμᾶλλον · adverbadverbial to ὄρουσανἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionἈργείοισινthe ArgivesἈργεῖος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐπ̓ὄρουσανrushedὀρούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 727
Ajax no longer held his place, for missiles overpowered him;
Metre
Αἴαςοὐκέτἔμιμνε‖βιάζετογὰρβελέεσσιν
ΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔμιμνεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὐκέτno longerοὐκέτι · adverbadverbial to ἔμιμνεἔμιμνεheld his placeμίμνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβιάζετοwas overpoweredβιάζω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleβελέεσσινmissilesβέλος · dative plural neuter nounobject of βιάζετο - 728
but he drew back a little, thinking he would die,
Metre
ἀλλἀνεχάζετοτυτθόν‖ὀϊόμενοςθανέεσθαι
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἀνεχάζετοdrew backἀναχάζω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτυτθόνa littleτυτθός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀνεχάζετοὀϊόμενοςthinkingοἴομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀνεχάζετοθανέεσθαιhe would dieθνήσκω · future middle infinitiveobject of ὀϊόμενος - 729
onto the seven-foot bench, and left the balanced ship's deck.
Metre
θρῆνυνἐφἑπταπόδην‖λίπεἴκριανηὸςἐΐσης
θρῆνυνbenchθρῆνυς · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐφ̓ἐφuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionἑπταπόδηνseven-footἑπταπόδης · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θρῆνυνλίπεleftλείπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἴκριαdeckἴκρια · accusative plural neuter nounobject of λίπενηὸςshipναῦς · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἴκριαἐΐσηςbalancedἔισος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies νηὸς - 730
There he stood on watch, and with his spear continually
Metre
ἔνθἄρὅἑστήκει‖δεδοκημένοςἔγχεϊαἰεὶ
ἔνθthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἑστήκειἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἑστήκειγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἑστήκειstood on watchἵστημι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδεδοκημένοςkeeping watchδεδοκημένος · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἑστήκειἔγχεϊspearἔγχος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἄμυνεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαἰεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἄμυνε - 731
kept from the ships any Trojan who carried tireless fire,
Metre
Τρῶαςἄμυνενεῶν‖ὅςτιςφέροιἀκάματονπῦρ
ΤρῶαςTrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἄμυνεἄμυνεkept fromἀμύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνεῶνthe shipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἄμυνεὅςany Trojan whoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of φέροιτιςanyτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies ὅςφέροιcarriedφέρω · present active optative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Τρῶαςἀκάματονtirelessἀκάματος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πῦρπῦρfireπῦρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of φέροι - 732
and always shouting terribly, he urged the Danaans:
Metre
αἰεὶδὲσμερδνὸν‖βοόωνΔαναοῖσικέλευε
αἰεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to κέλευεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσμερδνὸνterriblyσμερδνός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to βοόωνβοόωνshoutingβοάω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κέλευεΔαναοῖσιthe DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject of κέλευεκέλευεurgedκελεύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 733
"Friends, hero Danaans, henchmen of Ares,
Metre
ὦφίλοιἥρωες‖ΔαναοὶθεράποντεςἌρηος
ὦoὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleφίλοιfriendsφίλος · vocative plural masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headἥρωεςheroesἥρως · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headΔαναοὶDanaansΔαναοί · vocative plural masculine nounmodifies ἥρωεςθεράποντεςhenchmenθεράπων · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headἌρηοςof AresἌρης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θεράποντες - 734
be men, my friends, and remember your furious valor.
Metre
ἀνέρεςἔστεφίλοι‖μνήσασθεδὲθούριδοςἀλκῆς
ἀνέρεςmenἀνήρ · nominative plural masculine nounpredicate nounἔστεbeεἰμί · present active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbφίλοιfriendsφίλος · vocative plural masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headμνήσασθεrememberμιμνήσκω · aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordθούριδοςfuriousθοῦρις · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀλκῆςἀλκῆςvalorἀλκή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of μνήσασθε - 735
Do we suppose there are defenders behind us,
Metre
ἠέτινάςφαμενεἶναι‖ἀοσσητῆραςὀπίσσω
ἠέorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleτινάςsomeτις · accusative plural masculine pronounmodifies ἀοσσητῆραςφαμενdo we supposeφημί · present active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbεἶναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of ἦέἀοσσητῆραςdefendersἀοσσητήρ · accusative plural masculine nounsubject of εἶναιὀπίσσωbehind usὀπίσω · adverbadverbial to εἶναι - 736
or some stronger wall that could ward ruin from our men?
Metre
ἦέτιτεῖχοςἄρειον‖ὅἀνδράσιλοιγὸνἀμύναι
ἦέorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordτιsomeτις · accusative singular neuter pronounmodifies τεῖχοςτεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounsubjectἄρειονstrongerἀρείων · accusative singular neuter comparative adjectivemodifies τεῖχοςὅthatὅς · nominative singular neuter pronounsubject of ἀμύναικcouldἄν · particlesentence particleἀνδράσιour menἀνήρ · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀμύναιλοιγὸνruinλοιγός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀμύναιἀμύναιward offἀμύνω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τεῖχος - 737
There is no nearby city fitted with towers
Metre
οὐμέντισχεδόνἐστι‖πόλιςπύργοιςἀραρυῖα
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleτιanyτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to ἐστισχεδόνnearbyσχεδόν · adverbadverbial to ἐστιἐστιisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπόλιςcityπόλις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐστιπύργοιςwith towersπύργος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀραρυῖαἀραρυῖαfittedἀραρίσκω · perfect active participle, nominative singular femininemodifies πόλις - 738
where we might defend ourselves with another host to turn the tide.
Metre
ᾗἀπαμυναίμεσθ‖ἑτεραλκέαδῆμονἔχοντες
ᾗwhereὅς · dative singular feminine pronounadverbial to ἀπαμυναίμεσθ̓κmightἄν · particlesentence particleἀπαμυναίμεσθdefend ourselvesἀπαμύνω · aorist middle optative, 1st plural verbverb of a clause describing πόλιςἑτεραλκέαtide-turningἑτεραλκής · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δῆμονδῆμονhostδῆμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔχοντεςἔχοντεςhavingἔχω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἀπαμυναίμεσθ̓ - 739
Here on the plain of the closely armored Trojans,
Metre
ἀλλἐνγὰρΤρώων‖πεδίῳπύκαθωρηκτάων
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies πεδίῳπεδίῳplainπεδίον · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐνπύκαcloselyπύκα · adverbadverbial to θωρηκτάωνθωρηκτάωνarmoredθωρηκτής · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρώων - 740
hemmed against the sea, we sit far from our native land.
Metre
πόντῳκεκλιμένοι‖ἑκὰςἥμεθαπατρίδοςαἴης
πόντῳagainst the seaπόντος · dative singular masculine nounobject of κεκλιμένοικεκλιμένοιhemmedκλίνω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἥμεθαἑκὰςfar awayἑκάς · adverbprepositionἥμεθαwe sitἧμαι · perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbπατρίδοςnativeπατρίς · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies αἴηςαἴηςlandαἶα · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἑκὰς - 741
So our salvation lies in our hands, not in any easing of war."
Metre
τὼἐνχερσὶφόως‖οὐμειλιχίῃπολέμοιο
τὼthereforeτῷ · adverbsentence particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionχερσὶhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐνφόωςsalvationφόως · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμειλιχίῃin easingμειλιχία · dative singular feminine nounadverbialπολέμοιοwarπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies μειλιχίῃ - 742
He spoke, and eagerly plied his sharp spear.
Metre
ἦκαὶμαιμώων‖ἔφεπἔγχεϊὀξυόεντι
ἦhe spokeἠμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμαιμώωνeagerlyμαιμάω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔφεπ̓ἔφεπpliedἐφέπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔγχεϊspearἔγχος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἔφεπ̓ὀξυόεντιsharpὀξυόεις · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχεϊ - 743
Whichever Trojan came toward the hollow ships
Metre
ὅςτιςδὲΤρώων‖κοίλῃςἐπὶνηυσὶφέροιτο
ὅςwhicheverὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of φέροιτοτιςTrojanτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies ὅςδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΤρώωνamong TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ὅςκοίλῃςhollowκοῖλος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶἐπὶtowardἐπί · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπὶφέροιτοmight comeφέρω · present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing , - 744
with blazing fire, to please Hector, who urged him on,
Metre
σὺνπυρὶκηλείῳ‖χάρινἝκτοροςὀτρύναντος
σὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionπυρὶfireπῦρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to σὺνκηλείῳblazingκήλεος · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πυρὶχάρινto pleaseχάρις · accusative singular feminine nounmodifies ,ἝκτοροςHectorἝκτωρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies χάρινὀτρύναντοςwho urged himὀτρύνω · aorist active participle, genitive singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 745
Ajax, lying in wait, would stab him with his long spear.
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of οὔτασκεδandδέ · particlesentence particleΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of οὔτασκεοὔτασκεwould stabοὐτάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδεδεγμένοςlying in waitδέχομαι · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to οὔτασκεἔγχεϊspearἔγχος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to οὔτασκεμακρῷlongμακρός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχεϊ - 746
And before the ships he wounded twelve men at close quarters.
Metre
δώδεκαδὲπροπάροιθε‖νεῶναὐτοσχεδὸνοὖτα
δώδεκαtwelveδώδεκα · numeralobject of οὖταδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπροπάροιθεbeforeπροπάροιθε · prepositionprepositionνεῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to προπάροιθεαὐτοσχεδὸνat close quartersαὐτοσχεδόν · adverbadverbial to οὖταοὖταwoundedοὐτάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb
The particulars
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- Ἰλιάς, Homer. The Patrocleia.
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