Ancient Greek · The Patrocleia
Ἰλιάδος Ρ
Book 17. The Battle for Patroclus
The Greeks and Trojans fight over the body of Patroclus. Hector takes the armor of Achilles. Menelaus and Meriones carry the body away.
Tap a line to open its words. The mark beside it plays it.
- 1
Nor did it escape Menelaus, son of Atreus, dear to Ares,
Metre
οὐδἔλαθἈτρέοςυἱὸν‖ἀρηΐφιλονΜενέλαον
ἔλαθescaped notice ofλανθάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈτρέοςof AtreusἈτρεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἀρηΐφιλονwar-lovingἀρηίφιλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαονΜενέλαονMenelausΜενέλαος · accusative singular masculine nounobject - 2
that Patroclus had been overcome by the Trojans in the fighting.
Metre
ΠάτροκλοςΤρώεσσι‖δαμεὶςἐνδηϊοτῆτι
ΠάτροκλοςPatroclusΠάτροκλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔλαθ̓Τρώεσσιthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of δαμεὶςδαμεὶςsubduedδαμάζω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔλαθ̓ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionδηϊοτῆτιbattleδηιοτής · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐν - 3
And he strode out through the front ranks, helmed in gleaming bronze,
Metre
βῆδὲδιὰπρομάχων‖κεκορυθμένοςαἴθοπιχαλκῷ
βῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionπρομάχωνfront ranksπρόμαχος · genitive plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to διὰκεκορυθμένοςhelmedκορύσσω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βῆαἴθοπιgleamingαἶθοψ · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χαλκῷχαλκῷbronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to κεκορυθμένος - 4
and paced around him as a mother over her calf,
Metre
ἀμφὶἄραὐτῷβαῖν‖ὥςτιςπερὶπόρτακιμήτηρ
ἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleαὐτῷhimαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἀμφὶβαῖνpacedβαίνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὥςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialτιςaτις · nominative singular feminine pronounmodifies μήτηρπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionπόρτακιcalfπόρταξ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to περὶμήτηρmotherμήτηρ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject - 5
a first-calf mother, lowing, who had never known birth before;
Metre
πρωτοτόκοςκινυρὴ‖οὐπρὶνεἰδυῖατόκοιο
πρωτοτόκοςfirst-calvingπρωτοτόκος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μήτηρκινυρὴlowingκινυρός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μήτηροὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleπρὶνbeforeπρίν · adverbadverbial to εἰδυῖαεἰδυῖαhaving knownεἴδω · perfect active participle, nominative singular femininemodifies μήτηρτόκοιοbirthτόκος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of εἰδυῖα - 6
so golden-haired Menelaus paced around Patroclus.
Metre
ὣςπερὶΠατρόκλῳ‖βαῖνεξανθὸςΜενέλαος
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to βαῖνεπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionΠατρόκλῳPatroclusΠάτροκλος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to περὶβαῖνεstrodeβαίνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbξανθὸςfair-hairedξανθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαοςΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of βαῖνε - 7
And before him held his spear and shield rounded on every side,
Metre
πρόσθεδέοἱδόρυἔσχε‖καὶἀσπίδαπάντοσἐΐσην
πρόσθεbefore himπρόσθεν · prepositionprepositionδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhimὁ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to πρόσθεδόρυhis spearδόρυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶτandτε · particlesentence particleἔσχεheldἔχω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀσπίδαhis shieldἀσπίς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶπάντοσon every sideπάντοσε · adverbadverbial to ἐΐσηνἐΐσηνwell-roundedἴσος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀσπίδα - 8
eager to kill whoever came against him,
Metre
τὸνκτάμεναιμεμαὼς‖ὅςτιςτοῦἀντίοςἔλθοι
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of κτάμεναικτάμεναιto killκτείνω · aorist active infinitiveobject of μεμαὼςμεμαὼςeagerμέμαα · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔσχεὅςwhoeverὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔλθοιτιςsomeoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies ὅςτοῦhimὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of ἀντίοςγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἀντίοςto meetἀντίος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔλθοιmight comeἔρχομαι · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τὸν - 9
Nor did the son of Panthous, skilled with the ash spear, neglect
Metre
οὐδἄραΠάνθουυἱὸς‖ἐϋμμελίηςἀμέλησε
ἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleΠάνθουPanthousΠάνθοος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸςυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀμέλησεἐϋμμελίηςstrong ash-spearedἐυμμελίης · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱὸςἀμέλησεneglectἀμελέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 10
blameless Patroclus where he had fallen; he came close beside him,
Metre
Πατρόκλοιοπεσόντος‖ἀμύμονοςἄγχιἄραὐτοῦ
ΠατρόκλοιοPatroclusΠάτροκλος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀμέλησεπεσόντοςfallenπίπτω · aorist active participle, genitive singular masculinecircumstantial complementἀμύμονοςblamelessἀμύμων · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Πατρόκλοιοἄγχιnearἄγχι · prepositionprepositionδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleαὐτοῦhimαὐτός · genitive singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἄγχι - 11
stood there, and addressed Menelaus, dear to Ares:
Metre
ἔστηκαὶπροσέειπεν‖ἀρηΐφιλονΜενέλαον
ἔστηstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπροσέειπενaddressedπροσεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀρηΐφιλονwar-lovingἀρηίφιλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαονΜενέλαονMenelausΜενέλαος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προσέειπεν - 12
"Menelaus, son of Atreus, Zeus-nurtured marshal of the people,
Metre
ἈτρεΐδηΜενέλαε‖διοτρεφὲςὄρχαμελαῶν
Ἀτρεΐδηson of AtreusἈτρείδης · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies ΜενέλαεΜενέλαεMenelausΜενέλαος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headδιοτρεφὲςZeus-nurturedδιοτρεφής · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Μενέλαεὄρχαμεmarshalὄρχαμος · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies Μενέλαελαῶνof the peopleλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ὄρχαμε - 13
draw back, leave the corpse, and let the blood-stained spoils be.
Metre
χάζεολεῖπεδὲνεκρόν‖ἔαἔναραβροτόεντα
χάζεοdraw backχάζω · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbλεῖπεleaveλείπω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleνεκρόνcorpseνεκρός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of λεῖπεἔαletἐάω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔναραthe spoilsἔναρα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔαβροτόενταbloodstainedβροτόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔναρα - 14
For no one before me among the Trojans and their famed allies
Metre
οὐγάρτιςπρότερος‖Τρώωνκλειτῶνἐπικούρων
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτιςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of βάλεπρότεροςfirstπρότερος · nominative singular masculine comparative adjectivecircumstantial complementΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τ̓κλειτῶνfamedκλειτός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἐπικούρωντandτε · particlecoordinating wordἐπικούρωνalliesἐπίκουρος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τ̓ - 15
struck Patroclus with a spear through the fierce combat;
Metre
Πάτροκλονβάλεδουρὶ‖κατὰκρατερὴνὑσμίνην
ΠάτροκλονPatroclusΠάτροκλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of βάλεβάλεstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδουρὶwith the spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to βάλεκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionκρατερὴνmightyκρατερός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ὑσμίνηνὑσμίνηνcombatὑσμίνη · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to κατὰ - 16
so let me win noble glory among the Trojans,
Metre
τώμεἔακλέοςἐσθλὸν‖ἐνὶΤρώεσσινἀρέσθαι
τώthereforeτῷ · adverbsentence particleμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀρέσθαιἔαletἐάω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbκλέοςgloryκλέος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀρέσθαιἐσθλὸνnobleἐσθλός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κλέοςἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionΤρώεσσινTrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἐνὶἀρέσθαιwinαἴρω · aorist middle infinitiveobject of ἔα - 17
lest I strike you and take away your honey-sweet life."
μήlestμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionσεyouσύ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of βάλωβάλωstrikeβάλλω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to δὲἀπὸawayἀπό · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμελιηδέαhoney-sweetμελιηδής · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμὸνθυμὸνheartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἕλωμαιἕλωμαιtake awayαἱρέω · aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to δὲ - 18
Greatly angered, golden-haired Menelaus answered him:
Metre
τὸνδὲμέγὀχθήσας‖προσέφηξανθὸςΜενέλαος
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμέγgreatlyμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ὀχθήσαςὀχθήσαςangeredὀχθέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηsaidπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbξανθὸςfair-hairedξανθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαοςΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 19
"Father Zeus, it is not good to boast beyond measure.
Metre
Ζεῦπάτεροὐμὲνκαλὸν‖ὑπέρβιονεὐχετάασθαι
ΖεῦZeusΖεύς · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headπάτερfatherπάτηρ · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies Ζεῦοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκαλὸνgoodκαλός · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounὑπέρβιονbeyond measureὑπέρβιος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to εὐχετάασθαιεὐχετάασθαιto boastεὐχετάομαι · present medio-passive infinitivesubject - 20
Not even a leopard has such force, nor a lion,
Metre
οὔτοὖνπαρδάλιος‖τόσσονμένοςοὔτελέοντος
οὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτʼandτε · particlesentence particleοὖνthenοὖν · particlesentence particleπαρδάλιοςleopardπάρδαλις · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies τετόσσονso greatτόσος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounμένοςspiritμένος · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectλέοντοςlionλέων · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies τε - 21
nor a murderous wild boar, whose spirit most of all
Metre
οὔτεσυὸςκάπρου‖ὀλοόφρονοςοὗτεμέγιστος
συὸςwildὗς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies τεκάπρουboarκάπρος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies συὸςὀλοόφρονοςdeadlyὀλοόφρων · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies συὸςοὗwhoseὅς · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies θυμὸςτεandτε · particlesentence particleμέγιστοςgreatestμέγας · nominative singular masculine superlative adjectivemodifies θυμὸς - 22
swells within his breast in pride of strength,
Metre
θυμὸςἐνὶστήθεσσι‖περὶσθένεϊβλεμεαίνει
θυμὸςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of βλεμεαίνειἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσιhis chestστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐνὶπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionσθένεϊstrengthσθένος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to περὶβλεμεαίνειswells proudlyβλεμεαίνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing συὸς - 23
as the sons of Panthous, skilled with the ash spear, think they have.
Metre
ὅσσονΠάνθουυἷες‖ἐϋμμελίαιφρονέουσιν
ὅσσονhow muchὅσος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to φρονέουσινΠάνθουPanthousΠάνθοος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἷεςυἷεςsonsυἱός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of φρονέουσινἐϋμμελίαιstrong ash-spearedἐυμμελίης · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies υἷεςφρονέουσινthinkφρονέω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to τόσσον - 24
Yet the might of Hyperenor, tamer of horses,
Metre
οὐδὲμὲνοὐδὲβίη‖Ὑπερήνοροςἱπποδάμοιο
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particleemphasizing particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particleemphasizing particleβίηstrengthβία · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἀπόνηθ̓ὙπερήνοροςHyperenorὙπερήνωρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies βίηἱπποδάμοιοtamer of horsesἱππόδαμος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ὑπερήνορος - 25
had no joy of his youth when he scorned me and stood against me,
Metre
ἧςἥβηςἀπόνηθ‖ὅτεὤνατοκαίὑπέμεινε
ἧςhisἑός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἥβηςἥβηςyouthἥβη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἀπόνηθ̓ἀπόνηθhad no joyἀπονίναμαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὅτεwhenὅτε · adverbadverbial to καίμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ὤνατοὤνατοscornedὄνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καίκαίandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ὑπέμεινεὑπέμεινεwithstoodὑπομένω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καί - 26
and said that among the Danaans I was the most contemptible warrior.
Metre
καίἔφατἐνΔαναοῖσιν‖ἐλέγχιστονπολεμιστὴν
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔμμεναιἔφατhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καίἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionΔαναοῖσινthe DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἐνἐλέγχιστονmost despisedἐλεγχής · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πολεμιστὴνπολεμιστὴνwarriorπολεμιστής · accusative singular masculine nounpredicate noun - 27
I do not think his own feet carried him home
Metre
ἔμμεναιοὐδέἕφημι‖πόδεσσίγεοἷσικιόντα
ἔμμεναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of ἔφατ̓ἕhimἕ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of εὐφρῆναιφημιI sayφημί · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbπόδεσσίfeetπούς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to κιόνταγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleοἷσιhis ownὅς · dative plural masculine pronounmodifies πόδεσσίκιόνταgoingκίω · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculineadverbial to εὐφρῆναι - 28
to gladden his dear wife and honored parents.
Metre
εὐφρῆναιἄλοχόν‖τεφίληνκεδνούςτετοκῆας
εὐφρῆναιgladdenεὐφραίνω · aorist active infinitiveobject of φημιἄλοχόνwifeἄλοχος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleφίληνdearφίλος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἄλοχόνκεδνούςhonoredκεδνός · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies τοκῆαςτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordτοκῆαςparentsτοκεύς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of τε - 29
So surely I shall break your strength as well, if you
Metre
ὥςθηνκαὶσὸνἐγὼ‖λύσωμένοςεἴκέμευἄντα
ὥςasὡς · adverbadverbial to λύσωθηνsurelyθήν · particlesentence particleκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleσὸνyourσός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies μένοςἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of λύσωλύσωwill breakλύω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of λύσωεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκέwouldἄν · particlesentence particleμευmeἐγώ · genitive singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἄνταἄνταfacingἄντα · prepositionpreposition - 30
stand against me. But I urge you to withdraw
Metre
στήῃςἀλλάἔγωγ‖ἀναχωρήσαντακελεύω
στήῃςshould standἵστημι · aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to εἴἀλλάbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleσyouσύ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἰέναιἔγωγIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of κελεύωἀναχωρήσανταdrawing backἀναχωρέω · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculineadverbial to ἰέναικελεύωI urgeκελεύω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 31
into the throng, and not stand face to face with me
Metre
ἐςπληθὺνἰέναι‖μηδἀντίοςἵστασἐμεῖο
ἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionπληθὺνthe throngπληθύς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐςἰέναιto goεἶμι · present active infinitiveobject of κελεύωἀντίοςto meetἀντίος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἵστασstandἵστημι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἐμεῖοmeἐγώ · genitive singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἀντίος - 32
before you suffer harm; even a fool learns once the deed is done."
Metre
πρίντικακὸνπαθέειν‖ῥεχθὲνδέτενήπιοςἔγνω
πρίνbeforeπρίν · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of παθέεινκακὸνharmκακός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τιπαθέεινto sufferπάσχω · aorist active infinitiveadverbial to πρίνῥεχθὲνdoneῥέζω · aorist passive participle, accusative singular neuterobject of ἔγνωδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεandτε · particlesentence particleνήπιοςfoolνήπιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of ἔγνωἔγνωknewγιγνώσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 33
So he spoke, but did not persuade him; Euphorbus answered:
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάτοφάτοhe spokeφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of πεῖθενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleπεῖθενpersuadedπείθω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀμειβόμενοςansweringἀμείβω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσηύδαδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 34
"Now indeed, Zeus-nurtured Menelaus, you shall pay in full
Metre
νῦνμὲνδὴΜενέλαε‖διοτρεφὲςἦμάλατείσεις
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to τείσειςμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleΜενέλαεMenelausΜενέλαος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headδιοτρεφὲςZeus-nurturedδιοτρεφής · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Μενέλαεἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleτείσειςyou will payτίνω · future active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 35
for my brother whom you killed, and over whom you speak in triumph.
γνωτὸνa kinsmanγνωτός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τείσειςἐμὸνmyἐμός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies γνωτὸντὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔπεφνεςἔπεφνεςkilledθείνω · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbverb of a clause describing δὲἐπευχόμενοςtauntingἐπεύχομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀγορεύειςδandδέ · particlesentence particleἀγορεύειςyou speakἀγορεύω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbverb of a clause describing δὲ - 36
You widowed his wife in the depths of their new-built bridal chamber,
Metre
χήρωσαςδὲγυναῖκα‖μυχῷθαλάμοιονέοιο
χήρωσαςyou widowedχηρόω · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbverb of a clause describing δὲδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleγυναῖκαwomanγυνή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of χήρωσαςμυχῷdeep inμυχός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to χήρωσαςθαλάμοιοchamberθάλαμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies μυχῷνέοιοyoungνέος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies θαλάμοιο - 37
and laid grievous lament and sorrow upon his parents.
Metre
ἀρητὸνδὲτοκεῦσι‖γόονκαὶπένθοςἔθηκας
ἀρητὸνgrievousἀρητός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies γόονδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτοκεῦσιparentsτοκεύς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἔθηκαςγόονlamentγόος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπένθοςgriefπένθος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶἔθηκαςsetτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbverb of a clause describing δὲ - 38
I might bring those poor two a respite from lament
Metre
ἦκέσφινδειλοῖσι‖γόουκατάπαυμαγενοίμην
ἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleκέwouldἄν · particlesentence particleσφινthemσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to γενοίμηνδειλοῖσιwretchedδειλός · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies σφινγόουlamentγόος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κατάπαυμακατάπαυμαrespiteκατάπαυμα · nominative singular neuter nounpredicate nounγενοίμηνmight becomeγίγνομαι · aorist middle optative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 39
if I carry your head and armor home
Metre
εἴκενἐγὼκεφαλήν‖τετεὴνκαὶτεύχεἐνείκας
εἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκενwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of βάλωκεφαλήνyour headκεφαλή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleτεὴνyourτεός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κεφαλήνκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordτεύχεarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶἐνείκαςcarryingφέρω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βάλω - 40
and place them in the hands of Panthous and shining Phrontis.
Metre
Πάνθῳἐνχείρεσσι‖βάλωκαὶΦρόντιδιδίῃ
ΠάνθῳPanthousΠάνθοος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to καὶἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionχείρεσσιhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνβάλωmay placeβάλλω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to εἴκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΦρόντιδιPhrontisΦρόντις · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to καὶδίῃshiningδῖος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Φρόντιδι - 41
But the labor will not remain untried for long,
Metre
ἀλλοὐμὰνἔτιδηρὸν‖ἀπείρητοςπόνοςἔσται
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμὰνsurelyμήν · particlesentence particleἔτιstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to ἔσταιδηρὸνlongδηρός · accusative singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἔσταιἀπείρητοςuntriedἀπείρητος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounπόνοςtoilπόνος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔσταιἔσταιshall beεἰμί · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 42
nor the struggle unfought, whether it ends in valor or in flight."
ἔτstillἔτι · adverbadverbialἀδήριτοςunfoughtἀδήριτος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἤτwhetherἤτε · conjunctionsentence particleἀλκῆςvalorἀλκή · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἤτεἤτεorἤτε · conjunctioncoordinating wordφόβοιοof routφόβος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἤτε - 43
So speaking, he struck the shield, round on every side.
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνοὔτησε‖κατἀσπίδαπάντοσἐΐσην
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to οὔτησεοὔτησεstruckοὐτάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκατdownκατά · prepositionprepositionἀσπίδαshieldἀσπίς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of κατ̓πάντοσon every sideπάντοσε · adverbadverbial to ἐΐσηνἐΐσηνroundἴσος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀσπίδα - 44
But the bronze did not break through; the point bent back
Metre
οὐδἔρρηξενχαλκός‖ἀνεγνάμφθηδέοἱαἰχμὴ
ἔρρηξενbroke throughῥήγνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχαλκόςthe bronze pointχαλκός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔρρηξενἀνεγνάμφθηwas bent backἀναγνάμπτω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhisὁ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἀνεγνάμφθηαἰχμὴspearpointαἰχμή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἀνεγνάμφθη - 45
in the stout shield. Then he in turn rose with his bronze,
Metre
ἀσπίδἐνὶκρατερῇ‖ὃδὲδεύτεροςὄρνυτοχαλκῷ
ἀσπίδshieldἀσπίς · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνὶἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionκρατερῇmightyκρατερός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀσπίδ̓ὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδεύτεροςsecondδεύτερος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementὄρνυτοroseὄρνυμι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχαλκῷbronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ὄρνυτο - 46
the son of Atreus, Menelaus, praying to father Zeus:
Metre
ἈτρεΐδηςΜενέλαος‖ἐπευξάμενοςΔιὶπατρί
Ἀτρεΐδηςson of AtreusἈτρείδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΜενέλαοςΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἐπευξάμενοςhaving prayedἐπεύχομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὄρνυτοΔιὶto ZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπευξάμενοςπατρίfatherπατήρ · dative singular masculine nounmodifies Διὶ - 47
As Euphorbus drew back, Menelaus stabbed him at the base of the throat
Metre
ἂψἀναχαζομένοιο‖κατὰστομάχοιοθέμεθλα
ἂψbackἄψ · adverbadverbial to ἀναχαζομένοιοδandδέ · particlesentence particleἀναχαζομένοιοdrew backἀναχάζω · present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculineadverbial to νύξ̓κατὰdownκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleστομάχοιοthroatστόμαχος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θέμεθλαθέμεθλαthe rootθέμεθλα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of νύξ̓ - 48
and leaned his weight upon it, trusting in his heavy hand;
Metre
νύξἐπὶαὐτὸςἔρεισε‖βαρείῃχειρὶπιθήσας
νύξstabbedνύσσω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔρεισεleaned his weightἐρείδω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβαρείῃheavyβαρύς · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χειρὶχειρὶhandχείρ · dative singular feminine nounobject of πιθήσαςπιθήσαςtrustingπείθω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔρεισε - 49
the point passed straight through his tender neck,
ἀντικρὺstraight throughἀντικρύ · adverbadverbial to ἤλυθ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἁπαλοῖοsoftἁπαλός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies αὐχένοςδιthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionαὐχένοςneckαὐχήν · genitive singular masculine nounobject of δἰἤλυθpassedἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀκωκήpointἀκωκή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἤλυθ̓ - 50
he fell with a thud, and his armor clattered upon him.
Metre
δούπησενδὲπεσών‖ἀράβησεδὲτεύχεἐπαὐτῷ
δούπησενfell with a thudδουπέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπεσώνfallingπίπτω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δούπησενἀράβησεclatteredἀραβέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεύχεarmorτεῦχος · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of ἀράβησεἐπonἐπί · prepositionprepositionαὐτῷhimαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐπ̓ - 51
His hair, lovely as the Graces, was drenched in blood,
Metre
αἵματίοἱδεύοντο‖κόμαιΧαρίτεσσινὁμοῖαι
αἵματίwith bloodαἷμα · dative singular neuter nounobject of δεύοντοοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to δεύοντοδεύοντοwere soakedδεύω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκόμαιhairκόμη · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of θ̓Χαρίτεσσινof the GracesΧάρις · dative plural feminine nounobject of ὁμοῖαιὁμοῖαιlikeὅμοιος · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies κόμαι - 52
and the braids that were bound with gold and silver.
Metre
πλοχμοίοἳχρυσῷ‖τεκαὶἀργύρῳἐσφήκωντο
πλοχμοίbraidsπλοχμός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of θ̓θandτε · particlecoordinating wordοἳtheyὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐσφήκωντοχρυσῷwith goldχρυσός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀργύρῳsilverἄργυρος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to καὶἐσφήκωντοwere boundσφηκόω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing πλοχμοί - 53
As a man tends the flourishing shoot of an olive
Metre
οἷονδὲτρέφειἔρνος‖ἀνὴρἐριθηλὲςἐλαίης
οἷονas whenοἷος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to τρέφειδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτρέφειtendsτρέφω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbialἔρνοςshootἔρνος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of τρέφειἀνὴρmanἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τρέφειἐριθηλὲςluxuriantἐριθηλής · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔρνοςἐλαίηςoliveἐλαία · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἔρνος - 54
in a lonely place where water wells up in abundance,
Metre
χώρῳἐνοἰοπόλῳ‖ὅθἅλιςἀναβέβροχενὕδωρ
χώρῳin a placeχῶρος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionοἰοπόλῳlonelyοἰοπόλος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χώρῳὅθwhereὅθι · adverbadverbial to ἀναβέβροχενἅλιςfullἅλις · adverbadverbial to ἀναβέβροχενἀναβέβροχενhas welled upἀναβέβρυχε · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing χώρῳὕδωρwaterὕδωρ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἀναβέβροχεν - 55
lovely and thriving; the breaths of winds shake it
Metre
καλὸντηλεθάον‖τὸδέτεπνοιαὶδονέουσι
καλὸνfineκαλός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔρνοςτηλεθάονin full bloomτηλεθάω · present active participle, accusative singular neutermodifies ἔρνοςτὸthisὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of δονέουσιδέandδέ · particlesentence particleτεandτε · particlesentence particleπνοιαὶblastsπνοή · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of δονέουσιδονέουσιshakeδονέω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to καί - 56
from every side, and it bursts into white blossom;
Metre
παντοίωνἀνέμων‖καίτεβρύειἄνθεϊλευκῷ
παντοίωνeveryπαντοῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνέμωνἀνέμωνwindsἄνεμος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies πνοιαὶκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordτεandτε · particlesentence particleβρύειblossomsβρύω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καίἄνθεϊwith blossomἄνθος · dative singular neuter nounobject of βρύειλευκῷwhiteλευκός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἄνθεϊ - 57
but suddenly a wind comes with a mighty gale,
Metre
ἐλθὼνἐξαπίνης‖ἄνεμοςσὺνλαίλαπιπολλῇ
ἐλθὼνcomingἔρχομαι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to καὶδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐξαπίνηςsuddenlyἐξαπίνης · adverbadverbial to ἐλθὼνἄνεμοςthe windἄνεμος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶσὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionλαίλαπιstorm-blastλαῖλαψ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to σὺνπολλῇmightyπολύς · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies λαίλαπι - 58
wrenches it from its trench and stretches it upon the earth;
Metre
βόθρουἐξέστρεψε‖καὶἐξετάνυσσἐπὶγαίῃ
βόθρουtrenchβόθρος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐξέστρεψετandτε · particlesentence particleἐξέστρεψεwrenched outἐκστρέφω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐξετάνυσσlay stretched outἐκτανύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionγαίῃgroundγαῖα · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐπὶ - 59
such was Euphorbus, son of Panthous, skilled with the ash spear,
Metre
τοῖονΠάνθουυἱὸν‖ἐϋμμελίηνΕὔφορβον
τοῖονsuchτοῖος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐσύλαΠάνθουPanthousΠάνθοος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἐϋμμελίηνstrong ash-spearedἐυμμελίης · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΕὔφορβονΕὔφορβονEuphorbusΕὔφορβος · accusative singular masculine nounobject - 60
whom Menelaus, son of Atreus, killed and stripped of armor.
Metre
ἈτρεΐδηςΜενέλαος‖ἐπεὶκτάνετεύχεἐσύλα
Ἀτρεΐδηςson of AtreusἈτρείδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΜενέλαοςΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐσύλαἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκτάνεkilledκτείνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶτεύχεarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐσύλαἐσύλαstrippedσυλάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 61
As when a mountain-bred lion, trusting in his strength,
Metre
ὡςὅτετίςτελέων‖ὀρεσίτροφοςἀλκὶπεποιθὼς
ὡςasὡς · adverbemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅτεwhenὅτε · adverbadverbialτίςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies λέωντεandτε · particlesentence particleλέωνa lionλέων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἁρπάσῃὀρεσίτροφοςmountain-bredὀρεσιτρόφος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies λέωνἀλκὶstrengthἀλκί · dative singular feminine nounobject of πεποιθὼςπεποιθὼςtrustingπείθω · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἁρπάσῃ - 62
seizes the finest cow from a grazing herd:
Metre
βοσκομένηςἀγέλης‖βοῦνἁρπάσῃἥτιςἀρίστη
βοσκομένηςgrazingβόσκω · present medio-passive participle, genitive singular femininemodifies ἀγέληςἀγέληςa herdἀγέλη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἁρπάσῃβοῦνa cowβοῦς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἁρπάσῃἁρπάσῃseizesἁρπάζω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbialἥwhichὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubjectτιςaτις · nominative singular feminine pronounemphasizing particleἀρίστηbestἄριστος · nominative singular feminine superlative adjectivepredicate noun - 63
Seizing her, he first breaks her neck with his strong teeth,
Metre
τῆςἐξαὐχένἔαξε‖λαβὼνκρατεροῖσινὀδοῦσι
τῆςherὁ · genitive singular feminine pronounmodifies αὐχέν̓δthenδέ · particlesentence particleἐξutterlyἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleαὐχένneckαὐχήν · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔαξεἔαξεbreaksἄγνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbialλαβὼνseizingλαμβάνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔαξεκρατεροῖσινstrongκρατερός · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ὀδοῦσιὀδοῦσιwith his teethὀδούς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to λαβὼν - 64
then gulps down all her blood and entrails;
Metre
πρῶτονἔπειταδέαἷμα‖καὶἔγκαταπάνταλαφύσσει
πρῶτονfirstπρότερος · accusative singular neuter superlative adjectiveadverbial to λαβὼνἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbsentence particleδέandδέ · particlesentence particleθandτε · particlesentence particleαἷμαbloodαἷμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἔγκαταentrailsἔγκατα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶπάνταallπᾶς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγκαταλαφύσσειgulps downλαφύσσω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial - 65
devouring her; around him dogs and herdsmen
δῃῶνdevouringδηιόω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to λαφύσσειἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleτόνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἀμφὶγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleκύνεςdogsκύων · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τετandτε · particlesentence particleἄνδρέςmenἀνήρ · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordνομῆεςherdsmenνομεύς · nominative plural masculine nounmodifies ἄνδρές - 66
raise a great clamor from far off, but they will not
Metre
πολλὰμάλἰύζουσιν‖ἀπόπροθενοὐδἐθέλουσιν
πολλὰloudlyπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἰύζουσινμάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleἰύζουσινraise a clamorἰύζω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbialἀπόπροθενfrom far offἀπόπροθεν · adverbadverbial to ἰύζουσινἐθέλουσινwishἐθέλω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial - 67
come against him, for pale fear seizes them utterly;
Metre
ἀντίονἐλθέμεναι‖μάλαγὰρχλωρὸνδέοςαἱρεῖ
ἀντίονagainstἀντίος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveobject of ἐλθέμεναιἐλθέμεναιto comeἔρχομαι · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἐθέλουσινμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlecoordinating wordχλωρὸνpaleχλωρός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δέοςδέοςfearδέος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of αἱρεῖαἱρεῖgripsαἱρέω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to γὰρ - 68
so none of them had a heart within his breast that dared
Metre
ὣςτῶνοὔτινιθυμὸς‖ἐνὶστήθεσσινἐτόλμα
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐτόλματῶνof theseὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies τινιοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτινιany of themτις · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἐτόλμαθυμὸςspiritθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐτόλμαἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσινhis breastστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounmodifies ἐνὶἐτόλμαdaredτολμάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 69
to come against glorious Menelaus.
Metre
ἀντίονἐλθέμεναι‖Μενελάουκυδαλίμοιο
ἀντίονagainstἀντίος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐλθέμεναιἐλθέμεναιto comeἔρχομαι · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἐτόλμαΜενελάουagainst MenelausΜενέλαος · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to ἀντίονκυδαλίμοιοgloriousκυδάλιμος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Μενελάου - 70
Then he would easily have carried away the splendid armor of Panthous' son,
Metre
ἔνθάκεῥεῖαφέροι‖κλυτὰτεύχεαΠανθοΐδαο
ἔνθάthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to φέροικεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleῥεῖαeasilyῥεῖα · adverbadverbial to φέροιφέροιwould carryφέρω · present active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκλυτὰfamousκλυτός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχεατεύχεαarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of φέροιΠανθοΐδαοson of PanthousΠανθοίδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies τεύχεα - 71
Menelaus, son of Atreus, had Phoebus Apollo not begrudged it to him,
Metre
Ἀτρεΐδηςεἰμή‖οἱἀγάσσατοΦοῖβοςἈπόλλων
Ἀτρεΐδηςson of AtreusἈτρείδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of φέροιεἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμήnotμή · adverbemphasizing particleοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀγάσσατοἀγάσσατοbegrudgedἄγαμαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἰΦοῖβοςPhoebusΦοῖβος · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈπόλλωνἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀγάσσατο - 72
and roused Hector against him, equal to swift Ares,
Metre
ὅςῥάοἱἝκτορἐπῶρσε‖θοῷἀτάλαντονἌρηϊ
ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐπῶρσεῥάthenἄρα · particlesentence particleοἱhimὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπῶρσεἝκτορHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπῶρσεἐπῶρσεrousedἐπόρνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἀπόλλωνθοῷswiftθοός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἄρηϊἀτάλαντονequalἀτάλαντος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτοῤἌρηϊAresἌρης · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἀτάλαντον - 73
taking the likeness of Mentes, leader of the Cicones;
Metre
ἀνέριεἰσάμενος‖ΚικόνωνἡγήτοριΜέντῃ
ἀνέριmanἀνήρ · dative singular masculine nounobjectεἰσάμενοςin the likenessεἴδομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐπῶρσεΚικόνωνCiconesΚίκονες · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἡγήτοριἡγήτοριleaderἡγήτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobjectΜέντῃMentesΜέντης · dative singular masculine nounobject - 74
And speaking to him he addressed him with winged words:
Metre
καίμινφωνήσας‖ἔπεαπτερόενταπροσηύδα
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσηύδαφωνήσαςspeakingφωνέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσηύδαἔπεαwordsἔπος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of προσηύδαπτερόενταwingedπτερόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔπεαπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 75
"Hector, you are running this way now in pursuit of what you cannot catch,
Metre
Ἕκτορνῦνσὺμὲνὧδε‖θέειςἀκίχηταδιώκων
ἝκτορHectorἝκτωρ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to θέειςσὺyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of θέειςμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleὧδεthusὧδε · adverbadverbial to θέειςθέειςare runningθέω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἀκίχηταunreachable thingsἀκίχητος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobjectδιώκωνpursuingδιώκω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to θέεις - 76
the horses of the warlike son of Aeacus; but they are hard
Metre
ἵππουςΑἰακίδαο‖δαΐφρονοςοἳἀλεγεινοὶ
ἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobjectΑἰακίδαοson of AeacusΑἰακίδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἵππουςδαΐφρονοςwarlikeδαίφρων · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Αἰακίδαοοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀλεγεινοὶhardἀλεγεινός · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 77
for mortal men to master and to drive,
Metre
ἀνδράσιγεθνητοῖσι‖δαμήμεναιἠδὀχέεσθαι
ἀνδράσιfor menἀνήρ · dative plural masculine nounadverbialγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleθνητοῖσιmortalθνητός · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνδράσιδαμήμεναιto be masteredδαμάζω · aorist passive infinitiveadverbial to ἠδ̓ἠδandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordὀχέεσθαιto driveὀχέω · present medio-passive infinitiveadverbial to ἠδ̓ - 78
for any but Achilles, whom an immortal mother bore.
ἄλλῳanyone elseἄλλος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνδράσιγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἢthanἤ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἈχιλῆϊAchillesἈχιλλεύς · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἢτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of τέκεἀθανάτηimmortalἀθάνατος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μήτηρτέκεboreτίκτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἀχιλῆϊμήτηρmotherμήτηρ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τέκε - 79
Meanwhile warlike Menelaus, son of Atreus, standing over Patroclus,
Metre
τόφραδέτοιΜενέλαος‖ἀρήϊοςἈτρέοςυἱὸς
τόφραmeanwhileτόφρα · adverbadverbial to ἔπεφνεδέandδέ · particlesentence particleτοιindeedτοι · particlesentence particleΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἀρήϊοςwarlikeἄρειος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαοςἈτρέοςof AtreusἈτρεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸςυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 80
has killed the finest of the Trojans,
Metre
Πατρόκλῳπεριβὰς‖Τρώωντὸνἄριστονἔπεφνε
ΠατρόκλῳPatroclusΠάτροκλος · dative singular masculine nounobject of περιβὰςπεριβὰςstood overπεριβαίνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔπεφνεΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἄριστοντὸνtheὁ · accusative singular masculine articlemodifies ἄριστονἄριστονthe bestἄριστος · accusative singular masculine superlative adjectiveobjectἔπεφνεkilledθείνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 81
Euphorbus, son of Panthous, and stopped his furious valor."
Metre
ΠανθοΐδηνΕὔφορβον‖ἔπαυσεδὲθούριδοςἀλκῆς
ΠανθοΐδηνPanthous' sonΠανθοίδης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ΕὔφορβονΕὔφορβονEuphorbusΕὔφορβος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἔπαυσεendedπαύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordθούριδοςfuriousθοῦρος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀλκῆςἀλκῆςvalorἀλκή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἔπαυσε - 82
So he spoke, and the god went back again amid the toil of men.
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνὃμὲναὖτις‖ἔβηθεὸςἂμπόνονἀνδρῶν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔβηὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔβημὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleαὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbadverbial to ἔβηἔβηwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθεὸςgodθεός · nominative singular masculine nouncircumstantial complementἂμamidἀνά · prepositionprepositionπόνονtoilπόνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἂμἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies πόνον - 83
But dread grief shrouded Hector's dark heart within him;
Metre
Ἕκτορααἰνὸνἄχος‖πύκασεφρέναςἀμφὶμελαίνας
ἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of πύκασεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαἰνὸνterribleαἰνός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἄχοςἄχοςgriefἄχος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of πύκασεπύκασεcoveredπυκάζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφρέναςheartφρήν · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἀμφὶἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionμελαίναςblackμέλας · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies φρένας - 84
then he looked along the ranks and at once recognized
πάπτηνενglanced aboutπαπταίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to πάπτηνενκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionστίχαςranksστίξ · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to κατὰαὐτίκαat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to ἔγνωδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔγνωknewγιγνώσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 85
the one stripping away the splendid armor, and the other on the ground
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of δ̓μὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἀπαινύμενονstrippingἀπαίνυμαι · present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinemodifies τὸνκλυτὰfamousκλυτός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχεατεύχεαarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἀπαινύμενοντὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of δ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionγαίῃgroundγαῖα · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐπὶ - 86
lying there; blood ran from his open wound.
Metre
κείμενονἔρρειαἷμα‖κατοὐταμένηνὠτειλήν
κείμενονlyingκεῖμαι · present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinemodifies τὸνἔρρειranῥέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαἷμαbloodαἷμα · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔρρεικατdownκατά · prepositionprepositionοὐταμένηνwoundedοὐτάω · aorist middle participle, accusative singular femininemodifies ὠτειλήνὠτειλήνwoundὠτειλή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of κατ̓ - 87
And he strode out through the front ranks, helmed in gleaming bronze,
Metre
βῆδὲδιὰπρομάχων‖κεκορυθμένοςαἴθοπιχαλκῷ
βῆstrodeβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionπρομάχωνfront ranksπρόμαχος · genitive plural masculine adjectiveobject of διὰκεκορυθμένοςhelmedκορύσσω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βῆαἴθοπιgleamingαἶθοψ · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χαλκῷχαλκῷin bronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to κεκορυθμένος - 88
crying sharply, like Hephaestus' flame,
Metre
ὀξέακεκλήγων‖φλογὶεἴκελοςἩφαίστοιο
ὀξέαsharpὀξύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to κεκλήγωνκεκλήγωνshouting aloudκλάζω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βῆφλογὶflameφλόξ · dative singular masculine nounobject of εἴκελοςεἴκελοςlikeεἴκελος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἩφαίστοιοof HephaestusἭφαιστος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies φλογὶ - 89
unquenchable; nor did his piercing shout escape the son of Atreus,
ἀσβέστῳunquenchableἄσβεστος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies φλογὶυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of λάθενλάθενescaped notice ofλανθάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈτρέοςof AtreusἈτρεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνὀξὺsharpὀξύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to βοήσαςβοήσαςshoutingβοάω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to λάθεν - 90
then in anguish he spoke to his own great-hearted spirit:
Metre
ὀχθήσαςἄραεἶπε‖πρὸςὃνμεγαλήτοραθυμόν
ὀχθήσαςanguishedὀχθέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἶπεδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleεἶπεspokeεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπρὸςtoπρός · prepositionprepositionὃνhis ownἑός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμόνμεγαλήτοραgreat-heartedμεγαλήτωρ · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμόνθυμόνspiritθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of πρὸς - 91
"Ah me, if I leave behind the fine armor
Metre
ὤμοιἐγὼνεἰμέν‖κελίπωκάτατεύχεακαλὰ
ὤahὦ · interjectionsentence particleμοιmeἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounemphasizing particleἐγὼνIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectεἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleλίπωleaveλείπω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to εἰκάταbehindκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleτεύχεαarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of θ̓καλὰfineκαλός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχεα - 92
and Patroclus, who lies here for the sake of my honor,
ΠάτροκλόνPatroclusΠάτροκλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of θ̓θandτε · particlecoordinating wordὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of κεῖταικεῖταιliesκεῖμαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Πάτροκλόνἐμῆςmyἐμός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies τιμῆςἕνεκbecause ofἕνεκα · prepositionprepositionἐνθάδεhereἐνθάδε · adverbadverbial to κεῖταιτιμῆςof honorτιμή · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἕνεκ̓ - 93
will not some Danaan who sees it be angry with me?
Metre
μήτίςμοιΔαναῶν‖νεμεσήσεταιὅςκενἴδηται
μήlestμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτίςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of νεμεσήσεταιμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of νεμεσήσεταιΔαναῶνof the DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τίςνεμεσήσεταιwill resentνεμεσάω · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verbobject of μήὅςwhoeverὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἴδηταικενwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἴδηταιseesεἶδον · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τίς - 94
But if, ashamed to yield, I fight Hector and the Trojans alone,
Metre
εἰδέκενἝκτοριμοῦνος‖ἐὼνκαὶΤρωσὶμάχωμαι
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκενwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἝκτοριHectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶμοῦνοςaloneμόνος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐὼνbeingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μάχωμαικαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΤρωσὶthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of καὶμάχωμαιfightμάχομαι · present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to εἰ - 95
may they not surround me, many against one?
Metre
αἰδεσθείςμήπώς‖μεπεριστήωσἕναπολλοί
αἰδεσθείςashamedαἰδέομαι · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μάχωμαιμήlestμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπώςsomehowπως · particleadverbial to περιστήωσ̓μεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of περιστήωσ̓περιστήωσsurroundπεριίστημι · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbobject of μήἕναoneεἷς · accusative singular masculine nouncircumstantial complementπολλοίmanyπολύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of περιστήωσ̓ - 96
For Hector of the flashing helm is bringing all the Trojans here.
Metre
Τρῶαςἐνθάδεπάντας‖ἄγεικορυθαίολοςἝκτωρ
ΤρῶαςTrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἄγειδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνθάδεhereἐνθάδε · adverbobject of ἄγειπάνταςallπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρῶαςἄγειbringsἄγω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκορυθαίολοςof the flashing helmκορυθαίολος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἄγει - 97
But why has my dear spirit debated this with me?
Metre
ἀλλὰτίἤμοιταῦτα‖φίλοςδιελέξατοθυμός
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctionsentence particleτίwhyτίς · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to διελέξατοἤindeedἤ · interjectionsentence particleμοιwith meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of διελέξατοταῦταthese thingsοὗτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of διελέξατοφίλοςdearφίλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμόςδιελέξατοdebatedδιαλέγω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθυμόςspiritθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of διελέξατο - 98
Whenever a man chooses, against a divine power, to fight a warrior
Metre
ὁππότἀνὴρἐθέλῃ‖πρὸςδαίμοναφωτὶμάχεσθαι
ὁππότwhenὁπότε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἀνὴρmanἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐθέλῃἐθέλῃchoosesἐθέλω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὁππότ̓πρὸςtoπρός · prepositionprepositionδαίμοναa divine powerδαίμων · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to πρὸςφωτὶmanφώς · dative singular masculine nounobject of μάχεσθαιμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἐθέλῃ - 99
whom a god honors, soon great ruin rolls upon him.
Metre
ὅνκεθεὸςτιμᾷ‖τάχαοἱμέγαπῆμακυλίσθη
ὅνwhomὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of τιμᾷκεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleθεὸςa godθεός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τιμᾷτιμᾷhonorsτιμάω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing φωτὶτάχαsoonτάχα · adverbadverbial to κυλίσθηοἱupon himὁ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to κυλίσθημέγαgreatμέγας · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πῆμαπῆμαruinπῆμα · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of κυλίσθηκυλίσθηrolledκυλίνδω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 100
So no Danaan who sees me will be angry with me
Metre
τώοὔτιςΔαναῶν‖νεμεσήσεταιὅςκενἴδηται
τώthereforeτῷ · adverbsentence particleμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of νεμεσήσεταιοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of νεμεσήσεταιΔαναῶνof the DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τιςνεμεσήσεταιwill resentνεμεσάω · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὅςwhoeverὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἴδηταικενwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἴδηταιseesεἶδον · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τις - 101
for yielding to Hector, since he fights with a god's aid.
Metre
Ἕκτοριχωρήσαντ‖ἐπεὶἐκθεόφινπολεμίζει
ἝκτοριHectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of χωρήσαντ̓χωρήσαντyieldingχωρέω · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionθεόφινwith a godθεός · genitive plural masculine nounadverbial to ἐκπολεμίζειfightsπολεμίζω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶ - 102
But if only I could hear word of Ajax, good at the war-cry,
Metre
εἰδέπουΑἴαντός‖γεβοὴνἀγαθοῖοπυθοίμην
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπουperhapsπού · adverbadverbial to πυθοίμηνΑἴαντόςAjax'sΑἴας · genitive singular masculine nounobject of πυθοίμηνγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleβοὴνat the war-cryβοή · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀγαθοῖοἀγαθοῖοnobleἀγαθός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Αἴαντόςπυθοίμηνcould learnπυνθάνομαι · aorist middle optative, 1st singular verbadverbial to εἰ - 103
then we two might turn back and remember battle-joy,
Metre
ἄμφωαὖτιςἰόντες‖ἐπιμνησαίμεθαχάρμης
ἄμφωbothἄμφω · nominative dual masculine adjectivesubject of ἐπιμνησαίμεθακwouldἄν · particlesentence particleαὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbadverbial to ἰόντεςἰόντεςturning backεἶμι · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐπιμνησαίμεθαἐπιμνησαίμεθαremember battleἐπιμιμνήσκομαι · aorist middle optative, 1st plural verbmain verbχάρμηςbattleχάρμη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐπιμνησαίμεθα - 104
even against a divine power, if somehow we might save the corpse
καὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleπρὸςtoπρός · prepositionprepositionδαίμονάa divine powerδαίμων · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to πρὸςπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπωςsomehowπως · particleadverbial to ἐρυσαίμεθαἐρυσαίμεθαmight saveἐρύω · aorist middle optative, 1st plural verbadverbial to εἴνεκρὸνcorpseνεκρός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐρυσαίμεθα - 105
for Achilles, son of Peleus; that would be best among these evils."
Metre
ΠηλεΐδῃἈχιλῆϊ‖κακῶνδέκεφέρτατονεἴη
Πηλεΐδῃson of PeleusΠηλείδης · dative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈχιλῆϊἈχιλῆϊAchillesἈχιλλεύς · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐρυσαίμεθακακῶνof evilsκακός · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies φέρτατονδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleφέρτατονfinestφέρτατος · nominative singular neuter superlative adjectivepredicate nounεἴηwould beεἰμί · present active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 106
While he pondered these things in his mind and spirit,
Metre
εἷοςὁταῦθὅρμαινε‖κατὰφρένακαὶκατὰθυμὸν
εἷοςwhileεἷος · adverbadverbial to ὅρμαινεὁheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ὅρμαινεταῦθthese thingsοὗτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ὅρμαινεὅρμαινεponderedὁρμαίνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to τόφρακατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionφρέναhis heartφρήν · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to κατὰκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionθυμὸνheartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to κατὰ - 107
the Trojan ranks came on, and Hector led them.
Metre
τόφραἐπὶΤρώων‖στίχεςἤλυθονἦρχεἄρἝκτωρ
τόφραmeanwhileτόφρα · adverbadverbial to ἤλυθονδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies στίχεςστίχεςranksστίξ · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἤλυθονἤλυθονcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἦρχεledἄρχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἦρχε - 108
Menelaus drew backward and left the corpse,
Metre
αὐτὰρὅἐξοπίσω‖ἀνεχάζετολεῖπεδὲνεκρὸν
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀνεχάζετογindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἐξοπίσωbackwardἐξοπίσω · adverbadverbial to ἀνεχάζετοἀνεχάζετοdrew backἀναχάζω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbλεῖπεleftλείπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordνεκρὸνcorpseνεκρός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of λεῖπε - 109
turning again and again, like a bearded lion
ἐντροπαλιζόμενοςturning back repeatedlyἐντροπαλίζομαι · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to λεῖπεὥςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialτεandτε · particlesentence particleλὶςlionλίς · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἠϋγένειοςwell-manedεὐγένειος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies λὶς - 110
whom dogs and men drive away from a stockyard
Metre
ὅνῥακύνεςτεκαὶἄνδρες‖ἀπὸσταθμοῖοδίωνται
ὅνwhomὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of δίωνταιῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleκύνεςdogsκύων · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄνδρεςmenἀνήρ · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionσταθμοῖοfrom the foldσταθμός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀπὸδίωνταιdrive awayδίω · present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing λὶς - 111
with spears and shouting; his bold heart within him
Metre
ἔγχεσικαὶφωνῇ‖τοῦἐνφρεσὶνἄλκιμονἦτορ
ἔγχεσιspearsἔγχος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordφωνῇaloudφωνή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to καὶτοῦhisὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies φρεσὶνδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionφρεσὶνin his heartφρήν · dative plural feminine nounmodifies ἐνἄλκιμονvaliantἄλκιμος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦτορἦτορheartἦτορ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of παχνοῦται - 112
grows chilled, and unwillingly he goes from the inner fold;
Metre
παχνοῦταιἀέκων‖δέἔβηἀπὸμεσσαύλοιο
παχνοῦταιgrows chilledπαχνόω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀέκωνunwillingἀέκων · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτandτε · particlesentence particleἔβηwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionμεσσαύλοιοfarmyardμέσαυλος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀπὸ - 113
so golden-haired Menelaus went away from Patroclus.
Metre
ὣςἀπὸΠατρόκλοιο‖κίεξανθὸςΜενέλαος
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to κίεἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionΠατρόκλοιοPatroclusΠάτροκλος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀπὸκίεwentκίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbξανθὸςfair-hairedξανθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαοςΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κίε - 114
He turned and stood when he reached the company of his comrades,
Metre
στῆδὲμεταστρεφθεὶς‖ἐπεὶἵκετοἔθνοςἑταίρων
στῆstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμεταστρεφθεὶςturned aboutμεταστρέφω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to στῆἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἵκετοreachedἱκνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶἔθνοςthrongἔθνος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἵκετοἑταίρωνcomradesἑταῖρος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἔθνος - 115
scanning for great Ajax, son of Telamon.
Metre
παπταίνωνΑἴαντα‖μέγανΤελαμώνιονυἱόν
παπταίνωνsearchingπαπταίνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to στῆΑἴανταAjaxΑἴας · accusative singular masculine nounobjectμέγανgreatμέγας · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΑἴανταΤελαμώνιονTelamonianΤελαμώνιος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱόνυἱόνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobject - 116
He quickly noticed him on the left of the whole battle,
Metre
τὸνδὲμάλαἶψἐνόησε‖μάχηςἐπἀριστερὰπάσης
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐνόησεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleαἶψat onceαἶψα · adverbadverbial to ἐνόησεἐνόησεsawνοέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμάχηςbattleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἀριστερὰἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionἀριστερὰthe leftἀριστερός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐπ̓πάσηςallπᾶς · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies μάχης - 117
heartening his companions and urging them to fight,
Metre
θαρσύνονθἑτάρους‖καὶἐποτρύνονταμάχεσθαι
θαρσύνονθhearteningθαρσύνω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἑτάρουςcompanionsἑταῖρος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of θαρσύνονθ̓καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐποτρύνονταurgingἐποτρύνω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἐποτρύνοντα - 118
for Phoebus Apollo had cast a wondrous panic among them.
Metre
θεσπέσιονγάρσφιν‖φόβονἔμβαλεΦοῖβοςἈπόλλων
θεσπέσιονwondrousθεσπέσιος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies φόβονγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleσφινinto themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἔμβαλεφόβονpanicφόβος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔμβαλεἔμβαλεcastἐμβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΦοῖβοςPhoebusΦοῖβος · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈπόλλωνἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔμβαλε - 119
He broke into a run, and at once stood beside him and spoke:
βῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleθέεινto runθέω · present active infinitiveadverbial to βῆεἶθαρat onceεἶθαρ · adverbadverbial to ηὔδαδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπαριστάμενοςstanding besideπαρίστημι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ηὔδαἔποςa wordἔπος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ηὔδαηὔδαspokeαὐδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 120
"Ajax, come here, dear friend, for dead Patroclus;
Metre
Αἶανδεῦροπέπον‖περὶΠατρόκλοιοθανόντος
ΑἶανAjaxΑἴας · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headδεῦροhereδεῦρο · adverbsentence particleπέπονfriendπέπων · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Αἶανπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionΠατρόκλοιοPatroclusΠάτροκλος · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to περὶθανόντοςfallen deadθνήσκω · aorist active participle, genitive singular masculinemodifies Πατρόκλοιο - 121
let us hasten, in hopes that we may carry the corpse to Achilles,
Metre
σπεύσομεναἴκενέκυν‖περἈχιλλῆϊπροφέρωμεν
σπεύσομενlet us hastenσπεύδω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbαἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleνέκυνcorpseνέκυς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προφέρωμενπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἈχιλλῆϊAchillesἈχιλλεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of προφέρωμενπροφέρωμενmay carryπροφέρω · present active subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to αἴ - 122
naked; but Hector of the flashing helm holds his armor."
Metre
γυμνόνἀτὰρτάγετεύχε‖ἔχεικορυθαίολοςἝκτωρ
γυμνόνnakedγυμνός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies νέκυνἀτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleτάtheὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounmodifies τεύχἐγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleτεύχεarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔχειἔχειkeepsἔχω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκορυθαίολοςof the flashing helmκορυθαίολος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔχει - 123
So he spoke and stirred the warlike heart in Ajax;
Metre
ὣςἔφατΑἴαντι‖δὲδαΐφρονιθυμὸνὄρινε
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΑἴαντιin AjaxΑἴας · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ὄρινεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδαΐφρονιbattle-wiseδαίφρων · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Αἴαντιθυμὸνheartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὄρινεὄρινεstirredὀρίνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 124
he strode through the front ranks, and golden-haired Menelaus went with him.
Metre
βῆδὲδιὰπρομάχων‖ἅμαδὲξανθὸςΜενέλαος
βῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionπρομάχωνfront ranksπρόμαχος · genitive plural masculine adjectiveobject of διὰἅμαwith himἅμα · adverbadverbialδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordξανθὸςfair-hairedξανθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαοςΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 125
When Hector had stripped the splendid armor from Patroclus,
Metre
ἝκτωρμὲνΠάτροκλον‖ἐπεὶκλυτὰτεύχεἀπηύρα
ἝκτωρHectorἕκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἕλχ̓μὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleΠάτροκλονPatroclusΠάτροκλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἕλχ̓ἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκλυτὰfamousκλυτός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχἐτεύχεarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἀπηύραἀπηύραhe took awayἀπαυράω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶ - 126
he dragged him away to cut the head from his shoulders with sharp bronze,
Metre
ἕλχἵνἀπὤμοιιν‖κεφαλὴντάμοιὀξέϊχαλκῷ
ἕλχpulledἕλκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἵνso thatἵνα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionὤμοιινshouldersὦμος · genitive dual masculine nounobject of ἀπ̓κεφαλὴνheadκεφαλή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of τάμοιτάμοιwould cutτέμνω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δὲὀξέϊsharpὀξύς · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χαλκῷχαλκῷbronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to τάμοι - 127
and haul off the corpse and give it to the dogs of Troy.
Metre
τὸνδὲνέκυνΤρῳῇσιν‖ἐρυσσάμενοςκυσὶδοίη
τὸνtheὁ · accusative singular masculine articlemodifies νέκυνδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordνέκυνcorpseνέκυς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of δοίηΤρῳῇσινTrojanΤρωιός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies κυσὶἐρυσσάμενοςhaulingἐρύω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δοίηκυσὶdogsκύων · dative plural feminine nounobject of δοίηδοίηmight giveδίδωμι · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δὲ - 128
Ajax came near, bearing a shield like a tower,
Metre
Αἴαςἐγγύθενἦλθε‖φέρωνσάκοςἠΰτεπύργον
ΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἦλθεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐγγύθενnearἐγγύθεν · adverbobject of ἦλθεἦλθεcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφέρωνbearingφέρω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἦλθεσάκοςshieldσάκος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of φέρωνἠΰτεasἠύτε · particleadverbialπύργονtowerπύργος · accusative singular masculine nounobject - 129
and Hector withdrew again into the throng of his comrades,
Metre
Ἕκτωρἂψἐςὅμιλον‖ἰὼνἀνεχάζεθἑταίρων
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀνεχάζεθ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἂψbackἄψ · adverbadverbial to ἰὼνἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionὅμιλονthe throngὅμιλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐςἰὼνgoingεἶμι · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀνεχάζεθ̓ἀνεχάζεθdrew backἀναχάζω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἑταίρωνcompanionsἑταῖρος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ὅμιλον - 130
then leapt into his chariot; he gave the fine armor
ἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionδίφρονchariotδίφρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀνόρουσεsprangἀνορούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδίδουgaveδίδωμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δίδουγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleτεύχεαarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of δίδουκαλὰfineκαλός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχεα - 131
to the Trojans to carry toward the city, to be great glory for himself.
Metre
Τρωσὶφέρεινπροτὶἄστυ‖μέγακλέοςἔμμεναιαὐτῷ
Τρωσὶthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of δίδουφέρεινcarryφέρω · present active infinitiveadverbial to ,προτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionἄστυcityἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of προτὶμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κλέοςκλέοςgloryκλέος · accusative singular neuter nounpredicate nounἔμμεναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveadverbial to ,αὐτῷhimαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἔμμεναι - 132
Ajax covered the son of Menoetius with his broad shield
Metre
ΑἴαςἀμφὶΜενοιτιάδῃ‖σάκοςεὐρὺκαλύψας
ΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἑστήκειδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionemphasizing particleΜενοιτιάδῃthe son of MenoetiusΜενοιτιάδης · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἑστήκεισάκοςshieldσάκος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἑστήκειεὐρὺbroadεὐρύς · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies σάκοςκαλύψαςcoveringκαλύπτω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἑστήκει - 133
and stood over him like a lion over its own cubs,
Metre
ἑστήκειὥςτίς‖τελέωνπερὶοἷσιτέκεσσιν
ἑστήκειstoodἵστημι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὥςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialτίςaτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies λέωντεandτε · particlesentence particleλέωνa lionλέων · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionοἷσιits ownὅς · dative plural neuter pronounmodifies τέκεσσιντέκεσσινcubsτέκος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to περὶ - 134
when hunters meet him in the woods as he leads his little ones;
Metre
ᾧῥάτενήπιἄγοντι‖συναντήσωνταιἐνὕλῃ
ᾧhimὅς · dative singular masculine pronounobject of συναντήσωνταιῥάthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτεandτε · particlesentence particleνήπιhelplessνήπιος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἄγοντιἄγοντιleadingἄγω · present active participle, dative singular masculinecircumstantial complementσυναντήσωνταιmeetσυναντάω · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing λέωνἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionὕλῃforestὕλη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐν - 135
he swells in the pride of strength,
ἄνδρεςmenἀνήρ · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of συναντήσωνταιἐπακτῆρεςhuntersἐπακτήρ · nominative plural masculine nounmodifies ἄνδρεςὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of βλεμεαίνειδέandδέ · particlesentence particleτεandτε · particlesentence particleσθένεϊstrengthσθένος · dative singular neuter nounobject of βλεμεαίνειβλεμεαίνειswells proudlyβλεμεαίνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 136
and draws his whole brow downward to cover his eyes;
Metre
πᾶνδέἐπισκύνιον‖κάτωἕλκεταιὄσσεκαλύπτων
πᾶνwholeπᾶς · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἐπισκύνιονδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτandτε · particlesentence particleἐπισκύνιονbrowἐπισκύνιον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἕλκεταικάτωdownwardκάτω · adverbadverbial to ἕλκεταιἕλκεταιdrawsἕλκω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὄσσεeyesὄσσε · accusative dual neuter nounobject of καλύπτωνκαλύπτωνcoveringκαλύπτω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἕλκεται - 137
so Ajax had planted himself over the hero Patroclus.
Metre
ὣςΑἴαςπερὶΠατρόκλῳ‖ἥρωϊβεβήκει
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to βεβήκειΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of βεβήκειπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionemphasizing particleΠατρόκλῳPatroclusΠάτροκλος · dative singular masculine nounobject of βεβήκειἥρωϊthe heroἥρως · dative singular masculine nounmodifies Πατρόκλῳβεβήκειstood overβαίνω · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 138
On the other side stood Menelaus, son of Atreus, dear to Ares,
Metre
Ἀτρεΐδηςἑτέρωθεν‖ἀρηΐφιλοςΜενέλαος
Ἀτρεΐδηςson of AtreusἈτρείδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Μενέλαοςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἑτέρωθενon the other sideἑτέρωθεν · adverbadverbial to ἑστήκειἀρηΐφιλοςdear to Aresἀρηίφιλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαοςΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἑστήκει - 139
nursing great sorrow within his breast.
Metre
ἑστήκειμέγαπένθος‖ἐνὶστήθεσσινἀέξων
ἑστήκειstoodἵστημι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πένθοςπένθοςgriefπένθος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀέξωνἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσινbreastστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐνὶἀέξωνnursingἀέξω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἑστήκει - 140
Then Glaucus, son of Hippolochus, leader of the Lycian men,
ΓλαῦκοςGlaucusΓλαῦκος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἹππολόχοιοof HippolochusἹππόλοχος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πάϊςπάϊςsonπαῖς · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectΛυκίωνLyciansΛύκιος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνδρῶνἀγὸςleaderἀγός · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἀγὸς - 141
glaring at him from under his brows, rebuked Hector with a harsh word:
Metre
Ἕκτορὑπόδραἰδὼν‖χαλεπῷἠνίπαπεμύθῳ
ἝκτορHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἠνίπαπεὑπόδραfrom under his browsὑπόδρα · adverbadverbial to ἰδὼνἰδὼνglaringεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἠνίπαπεχαλεπῷharshχαλεπός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies μύθῳἠνίπαπεrebukedἐνίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμύθῳwith a wordμῦθος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἠνίπαπε - 142
"Hector, best in looks, how far short you fall in battle!
ἝκτορHectorἝκτωρ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headεἶδοςin looksεἶδος · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἄριστεἄριστεbestἄριστος · vocative singular masculine superlative adjectivemodifies Ἕκτορμάχηςbattleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐδεύεοἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleπολλὸνfarπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐδεύεοἐδεύεοfall shortδεύω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 143
Surely your noble fame is empty, since you are a runaway.
Metre
ἦαὔτωςκλέοςἐσθλὸν‖ἔχειφύξηλινἐόντα
ἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleσyouσύ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔχειαὔτωςmerelyαὔτως · adverbadverbial to ἔχεικλέοςfameκλέος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔχειἐσθλὸνgoodἐσθλός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κλέοςἔχειkeepsἔχω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφύξηλινrunawayφύξηλις · accusative singular feminine nounpredicate nounἐόνταbeingεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 144
Consider now how you may save the city and citadel
Metre
φράζεονῦνὅππως‖κεπόλινκαὶἄστυσαώσῃς
φράζεοconsiderφράζω · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to φράζεοὅππωςhowὅπως · adverbadverbial to σαώσῃςκεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleπόλινcityπόλις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄστυcitadelἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶσαώσῃςmay saveσώζω · aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verbobject of φράζεο - 145
alone with the people who were born in Ilium;
οἶοςaloneοἶος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementσὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionλαοῖςtroopsλαός · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to σὺντοὶwhoὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐγγεγάασινἸλίῳin IlionἼλιος · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐγγεγάασινἐγγεγάασινwere bornἐγγίγνομαι · perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing λαοῖς - 146
for no Lycian will go to fight the Danaans
Metre
οὐγάρτιςΛυκίων‖γεμαχησόμενοςΔαναοῖσιν
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτιςanyτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἶσιΛυκίωνof the LyciansΛύκιοι · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τιςγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleμαχησόμενοςto fightμάχομαι · future middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἶσιΔαναοῖσινthe DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject of μαχησόμενος - 147
around the city, since there has been no thanks at all
εἶσιgo forthεἶμι · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionπτόλιοςthe cityπόλις · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to περὶἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτιςanyτις · nominative singular feminine pronounmodifies χάριςχάριςthanksχάρις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἦενἦενwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶ - 148
for fighting enemy men always and without cease.
Metre
μάρνασθαιδηΐοισιν‖ἐπἀνδράσινωλεμὲςαἰεί
μάρνασθαιfor fightingμάρναμαι · present medio-passive infinitivemodifies χάριςδηΐοισινhostileδάιος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνδράσιἐπagainstἐπί · prepositionprepositionἀνδράσιmenἀνήρ · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐπ̓νωλεμὲςwithout ceaseνωλεμές · adverbadverbial to μάρνασθαιαἰείalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to μάρνασθαι - 149
How would you save a lesser man amid the throng,
Metre
πῶςκεσὺχείροναφῶτα‖σαώσειαςμεθὅμιλον
πῶςhowπῶς · adverbadverbial to σαώσειαςκεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleσὺyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of σαώσειαςχείροναthe worseχείρων · accusative singular masculine comparative adjectivemodifies φῶταφῶταmanφώς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of σαώσειαςσαώσειαςsaveσώζω · aorist active optative, 2nd singular verbmain verbμεθamongμετά · prepositionprepositionὅμιλονthe throngὅμιλος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to μεθ̓ - 150
cruel man, when you left Sarpedon, both guest-friend and companion,
Metre
σχέτλιἐπεὶΣαρπηδόν‖ἅμαξεῖνονκαὶἑταῖρον
σχέτλιcruelσχέτλιος · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionΣαρπηδόνSarpedonΣαρπηδών · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἅμαat onceἅμα · adverbadverbial to καὶξεῖνονguest-friendξένος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἑταῖρονcompanionἑταῖρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶ - 151
to become spoil and prey for the Argives,
Metre
κάλλιπεςἈργείοισιν‖ἕλωρκαὶκύρμαγενέσθαι
κάλλιπεςleft behindκαταλείπω · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶἈργείοισινthe ArgivesἈργεῖος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to κάλλιπεςἕλωρspoilἕλωρ · accusative singular neuter nounpredicate nounκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκύρμαpreyκύρμα · accusative singular neuter nounpredicate nounγενέσθαιto becomeγίγνομαι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of κάλλιπες - 152
though while alive he brought much aid to your city and to you?
Metre
ὅςτοιπόλλὄφελος‖γένετοπτόλεΐτεκαὶαὐτῷ
ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of γένετοτοιyouσύ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to καὶπόλλmuchπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to γένετοὄφελοςhelpὄφελος · nominative singular neuter nounpredicate nounγένετοbrought aidγίγνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Σαρπηδόν̓πτόλεΐcityπόλις · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordαὐτῷyourselfαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveemphasizing particle - 153
Yet now you did not dare to keep the dogs away from him.
ζωὸςaliveζωός · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐώνbeingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to γένετονῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἔτληςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleοἱfrom himὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀλαλκέμεναιἀλαλκέμεναιto keep awayἄλαλκε · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἔτληςκύναςdogsκύων · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἀλαλκέμεναιἔτληςdaredτλάω · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 154
So now, if any of the Lycian men will heed me,
Metre
τὼνῦνεἴτιςἐμοὶ‖Λυκίωνἐπιπείσεταιἀνδρῶν
τὼthereforeτῷ · adverbsentence particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἴμενεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτιςsomeoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐπιπείσεταιἐμοὶto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπιπείσεταιΛυκίωνLyciansΛύκιος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνδρῶνἐπιπείσεταιheedsἐπιπείθομαι · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἴἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τις - 155
let us go home, and sheer destruction will befall Troy.
Metre
οἴκαδἴμενΤροίῃ‖δὲπεφήσεταιαἰπὺςὄλεθρος
οἴκαδhomeοἴκαδε · adverbobject of ἴμενἴμενlet us goεἶμι · present active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbΤροίῃTroyΤροία · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to πεφήσεταιδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπεφήσεταιwill befallφαίνω · future perfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαἰπὺςsheerαἰπύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὄλεθροςὄλεθροςdestructionὄλεθρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πεφήσεται - 156
For if the Trojans now possessed a bold and steadfast strength,
Metre
εἰγὰρνῦνΤρώεσσι‖μένοςπολυθαρσὲςἐνείη
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἐνείηΤρώεσσιthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐνείημένοςstrengthμένος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἐνείηπολυθαρσὲςsteadfastπολυθαρσής · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies μένοςἐνείηwereἔνειμι · present active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἰ - 157
fearless, such as enters men who for their homeland
ἄτρομονfearlessἄτρομος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies μένοςοἷόνasοἷος · nominative singular neuter adjectivesubject of ἐσέρχεταιτandτε · particlesentence particleἄνδραςmenἀνήρ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐσέρχεταιἐσέρχεταιentersεἰσέρχομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing μένοςοἳwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἔθεντοπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionπάτρηςone's fatherlandπάτρη · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to περὶ - 158
have taken up toil and strife against hostile men,
Metre
ἀνδράσιδυσμενέεσσι‖πόνονκαὶδῆρινἔθεντο
ἀνδράσιmenἀνήρ · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἔθεντοδυσμενέεσσιenemyδυσμενής · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνδράσιπόνονtoilπόνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordδῆρινstrifeδῆρις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶἔθεντοtook upτίθημι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἄνδρας - 159
we would quickly drag Patroclus within Ilium.
αἶψάsoonαἶψα · adverbadverbial to ἐρυσαίμεθακεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleΠάτροκλονPatroclusΠάτροκλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐρυσαίμεθαἐρυσαίμεθαmight dragἐρύω · aorist middle optative, 1st plural verbmain verbἼλιονIlionἼλιος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἴσωεἴσωintoεἴσω · prepositionpreposition - 160
And if this dead man came to the great city of lord Priam,
Metre
εἰοὗτοςπροτὶἄστυ‖μέγαΠριάμοιοἄνακτος
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδandδέ · particlesentence particleοὗτοςthis manοὗτος · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of ἔλθοιπροτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionἄστυcityἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of προτὶμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἄστυΠριάμοιοPriam'sΠρίαμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἄστυἄνακτοςlordἄναξ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Πριάμοιο - 161
and we dragged him from the fighting,
Metre
ἔλθοιτεθνηὼς‖καίμινἐρυσαίμεθαχάρμης
ἔλθοιmight comeἔρχομαι · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καίτεθνηὼςdeadθνήσκω · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔλθοικαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐρυσαίμεθαἐρυσαίμεθαmight dragἐρύω · aorist middle optative, 1st plural verbadverbial to καίχάρμηςbattleχάρμη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐρυσαίμεθα - 162
the Argives would quickly release Sarpedon's fine armor,
Metre
αἶψάκενἈργεῖοι‖Σαρπηδόνοςἔντεακαλὰ
αἶψάsoonαἶψα · adverbadverbial to λύσειανκενwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἈργεῖοιthe ArgivesἈργεῖος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of λύσειανΣαρπηδόνοςSarpedonΣαρπηδών · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἔντεαἔντεαarmorἔντεα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of λύσειανκαλὰfairκαλός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔντεα - 163
and we would bring Sarpedon himself within Ilium;
Metre
λύσειανκαίαὐτὸν‖ἀγοίμεθαἼλιονεἴσω
λύσειανwould releaseλύω · aorist active optative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκwouldἄν · particlesentence particleαὐτὸνhimαὐτός · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἀγοίμεθαἀγοίμεθαwould bringἄγω · present medio-passive optative, 1st plural verbmain verbἼλιονIlionἼλιος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἴσωεἴσωintoεἴσω · prepositionpreposition - 164
for the attendant of that man has been killed—the man who is far the best
Metre
τοίουγὰρθεράπων‖πέφατἀνέροςὃςμέγἄριστος
τοίουsuchτοῖος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνέροςγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleθεράπωνattendantθεράπων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πέφατ̓πέφατbeen killedθείνω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀνέροςof a manἀνήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θεράπωνὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καὶμέγfarμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectiveemphasizing particleἄριστοςthe bestἄριστος · nominative singular masculine superlative adjectivepredicate noun - 165
of the Argives beside the ships—he and his close-fighting companions—
Metre
Ἀργείωνπαρὰνηυσὶ‖καὶἀγχέμαχοιθεράποντες
ἈργείωνArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἄριστοςπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounmodifies παρὰκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀγχέμαχοιclose-fightingἀγχέμαχος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεράποντεςθεράποντεςattendantsθεράπων · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 166
But you did not dare stand before great-hearted Ajax
Metre
ἀλλὰσύΑἴαντος‖μεγαλήτοροςοὐκἐτάλασσας
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleσύyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐτάλασσαςγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleΑἴαντοςAjaxΑἴας · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to ἄνταμεγαλήτοροςgreat-heartedμεγαλήτωρ · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Αἴαντοςοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἐτάλασσαςdaredτλάω · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 167
and look him in the eyes amid the cry of enemies,
Metre
στήμεναιἄντακατὄσσε‖ἰδὼνδηΐωνἐνἀϋτῇ
στήμεναιto standἵστημι · aorist active infinitiveobject of δ̓ἄνταfacingἄντα · prepositionprepositionκατinκατά · prepositionprepositionὄσσεeyesὄσσε · accusative dual neuter nounadverbial to κατ̓ἰδὼνlooking atεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to στήμεναιδηΐωνof the foeδάιος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀϋτῇἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionἀϋτῇthe battle-cryἀυτή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐν - 168
nor fight him head-on, since he is stronger than you."
Metre
οὐδἰθὺςμαχέσασθαι‖ἐπεὶσέοφέρτερόςἐστι
ἰθὺςstraightἰθύς · adverbadverbial to μαχέσασθαιμαχέσασθαιto fightμάχομαι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of δ̓ἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionσέοthan youσύ · genitive singular masculine pronounadverbial to φέρτερόςφέρτερόςstrongerφέρτατος · nominative singular masculine comparative adjectivepredicate nounἐστιisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶ - 169
Then, glaring at him from under his brows, Hector of the flashing helm spoke:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρsoἄρα · particlesentence particleὑπόδραfrom under his browsὑπόδρα · adverbadverbial to ἰδὼνἰδὼνglaring atεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηaddressedπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκορυθαίολοςwith flashing helmκορυθαίολος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 170
"Glaucus, why, being such a man, did you speak so arrogantly?
Metre
Γλαῦκετίἢδὲσὺτοῖος‖ἐὼνὑπέροπλονἔειπες
ΓλαῦκεGlaucusΓλαῦκος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headτίwhyτίς · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to ἔειπεςἢprayἤ · interjectionsentence particleδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleσὺyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔειπεςτοῖοςsuchτοῖος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐὼνbeingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔειπεςὑπέροπλονarrogantlyὑπέροπλος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἔειπεςἔειπεςyou spokeεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 171
Ah, I thought you surpassed all others in understanding
Metre
ὢπόποιἦἐφάμην‖σὲπερὶφρέναςἔμμεναιἄλλων
ὢahὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleπόποιalasπόποι · interjectiongoverned by an elided headἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleτandτε · particlesentence particleἐφάμηνthoughtφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbσὲyouσύ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔμμεναιπερὶbeyondπερί · prepositionemphasizing particleφρέναςin wisdomφρήν · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἔμμεναιἔμμεναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of ἐφάμηνἄλλωνothersἄλλος · genitive plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἔμμεναι - 172
of all who dwell in rich-soiled Lycia;
Metre
τῶνὅσσοιΛυκίην‖ἐριβώλακαναιετάουσι
τῶνof theὁ · genitive plural masculine articlemodifies ναιετάουσιὅσσοιall whoὅσος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ναιετάουσιΛυκίηνLyciaΛυκία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ναιετάουσιἐριβώλακαdeep-soiledἐριβῶλαξ · accusative singular feminine nounmodifies Λυκίηνναιετάουσιdwellναιετάω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἄλλων - 173
but now I wholly scorn your mind for what you have said,
Metre
νῦνδέσευὠνοσάμην‖πάγχυφρέναςοἷονἔειπες
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ὠνοσάμηνδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσευyourσύ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies φρέναςὠνοσάμηνI condemnὄνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbπάγχυwhollyπάγχυ · adverbadverbial to ὠνοσάμηνφρέναςjudgmentφρήν · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ὠνοσάμηνοἷονhowοἷος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἔειπεςἔειπεςyou saidεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ὠνοσάμην - 174
when you say I will not face huge Ajax.
Metre
ὅςτέμεφῂςΑἴαντα‖πελώριονοὐχὑπομεῖναι
ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of φῂςτέandτε · particlesentence particleμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of ὑπομεῖναιφῂςyou sayφημί · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbverb of a clause describing σευΑἴανταAjaxΑἴας · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὑπομεῖναιπελώριονhugeπελώριος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Αἴανταοὐχnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleὑπομεῖναιto faceὑπομένω · aorist active infinitiveobject of φῂς - 175
I do not shudder at battle or the din of horses;
Metre
οὔτοιἐγὼνἔρριγα‖μάχηνοὐδὲκτύπονἵππων
οὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτοιindeedτοι · particlesentence particleἐγὼνIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔρριγαἔρριγαshudderῥιγέω · perfect active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbμάχηνbattleμάχη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of δὲκτύπονdinκτύπος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of δὲἵππωνhorsesἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies κτύπον - 176
but the mind of Zeus who bears the aegis is always stronger,
Metre
ἀλλαἰείτεΔιὸς‖κρείσσωννόοςαἰγιόχοιο
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleαἰείalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbialτεandτε · particlesentence particleΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies νόοςκρείσσωνstrongerκρείσσων · nominative singular masculine comparative adjectivepredicate nounνόοςmindνόος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectαἰγιόχοιοaegis-bearingαἰγίοχος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Διὸς - 177
he puts even a valiant man to flight and takes away his victory
Metre
ὅςτεκαὶἄλκιμονἄνδρα‖φοβεῖκαὶἀφείλετονίκην
ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of φοβεῖτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἄλκιμονvaliantἄλκιμος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἄνδραἄνδραmanἀνήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of φοβεῖφοβεῖputs to flightφοβέω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀφείλετοtakes awayἀφαιρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶνίκηνvictoryνίκη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀφείλετο - 178
with ease, yet at another time himself urges him to fight.
Metre
ῥηϊδίωςὁτὲαὐτὸς‖ἐποτρύνειμαχέσασθαι
ῥηϊδίωςwith easeῥᾴδιος · adverbadverbial to ἀφείλετοὁτὲat another timeὅτε · adverbadverbial to ἐποτρύνειδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐποτρύνειurgesἐποτρύνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓μαχέσασθαιto fightμάχομαι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of ἐποτρύνει - 179
But come here, friend, stand beside me and see the deed,
Metre
ἀλλἄγεδεῦροπέπον‖παρἔμἵστασοκαὶἴδεἔργον
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἄγεcomeἄγω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbδεῦροhereδεῦρο · adverbobject of ἄγεπέπονfriendπέπων · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionἔμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounadverbial to παῤἵστασοstandἵστημι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἴδεseeεἶδον · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἔργονdeedἔργον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of , - 180
whether I will be a coward all day, as you declare,
Metre
ἠὲπανημέριος‖κακὸςἔσσομαιὡςἀγορεύεις
ἠὲwhetherἤ · conjunctionsentence particleπανημέριοςall day longπανημέριος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementκακὸςbaseκακός · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἔσσομαιwill beεἰμί · future middle indicative, 1st singular verbobject of ἦὡςasὡς · adverbadverbial to ἀγορεύειςἀγορεύειςyou speakἀγορεύω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ἔσσομαι - 181
or whether I shall stop some Danaan, however eager in valor,
Metre
ἦτινακαὶΔαναῶν‖ἀλκῆςμάλαπερμεμαῶτα
ἦorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordτιναanyoneτις · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of σχήσωκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleΔαναῶνof the DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τιναἀλκῆςvalorἀλκή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of μεμαῶταμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleμεμαῶταeagerμέμαα · perfect active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 182
from defending dead Patroclus."
Metre
σχήσωἀμυνέμεναι‖περὶΠατρόκλοιοθανόντος
σχήσωI shall stopἔχω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbobject of ἦἀμυνέμεναιto defendἀμύνω · present active infinitiveobject of σχήσωπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionΠατρόκλοιοPatroclusΠάτροκλος · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to περὶθανόντοςfallen deadθνήσκω · aorist active participle, genitive singular masculinemodifies Πατρόκλοιο - 183
So he spoke and called to the Trojans with a long, loud cry:
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνΤρώεσσιν‖ἐκέκλετομακρὸνἀΰσας
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐκέκλετοΤρώεσσινto the TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐκέκλετοἐκέκλετοcalledκέλομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμακρὸνloudlyμακρός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀΰσαςἀΰσαςshoutingαὔω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐκέκλετο - 184
"Trojans and Lycians and Dardanians, close-fighters,
Metre
ΤρῶεςκαὶΛύκιοι‖καὶΔάρδανοιἀγχιμαχηταί
ΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleΛύκιοιLyciansΛύκιοι · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΔάρδανοιDardaniansΔάρδανος · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headἀγχιμαχηταίclose-fightersἀγχιμαχητής · vocative plural masculine nounmodifies Δάρδανοι - 185
be men, my friends, and remember your furious valor,
Metre
ἀνέρεςἔστεφίλοι‖μνήσασθεδὲθούριδοςἀλκῆς
ἀνέρεςmenἀνήρ · nominative plural masculine nounpredicate nounἔστεbeεἰμί · present active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbφίλοιfriendsφίλος · vocative plural masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headμνήσασθεrememberμιμνήσκω · aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordθούριδοςfuriousθοῦρις · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀλκῆςἀλκῆςvalorἀλκή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of μνήσασθε - 186
while I put on the fine armor of blameless Achilles,
Metre
ὄφρἂνἐγὼνἈχιλῆος‖ἀμύμονοςἔντεαδύω
ὄφρso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἂνwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἐγὼνIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δύωἈχιλῆοςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἔντεαἀμύμονοςblamelessἀμύμων · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχιλῆοςἔντεαarmorἔντεα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of δύωδύωI put onδύω · present active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to ὄφῤ - 187
which I stripped by force from Patroclus after killing him."
καλάfineκαλός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔντεατὰthese thingsὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of ἐνάριξαΠατρόκλοιοPatroclusΠάτροκλος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies βίηνβίηνby forceβία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐνάριξαἐνάριξαstrippedἐναρίζω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbverb of a clause describing ἔντεακατακτάςafter killingκατακτείνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐνάριξα - 188
So he spoke, and Hector of the flashing helm departed;
Metre
ὣςἄραφωνήσας‖ἀπέβηκορυθαίολοςἝκτωρ
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φωνήσαςἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleφωνήσαςspeakingφωνέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀπέβηἀπέβηdepartedἀποβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκορυθαίολοςof the flashing helmκορυθαίολος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπέβη - 189
from the deadly war; running, he caught up with his comrades
Metre
δηΐουἐκπολέμοιο‖θέωνἐκίχανενἑταίρους
δηΐουhostileδάιος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies πολέμοιοἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπολέμοιοbattleπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκθέωνrunningθέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐκίχανενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐκίχανενcaught upκιχάνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἑταίρουςcompanionsἑταῖρος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐκίχανεν - 190
very quickly, not yet far away, following with swift feet,
Metre
ὦκαμάλοὔπωτῆλε‖ποσὶκραιπνοῖσιμετασπών
ὦκαquicklyὦκα · adverbadverbial to ἐκίχανενμάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleπωyetπω · particleadverbial to τῆλετῆλεfar offτῆλε · adverbmodifies ἑταίρουςποσὶfeetπούς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to μετασπώνκραιπνοῖσιswiftκραιπνός · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ποσὶμετασπώνfollowingμεθέπω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐκίχανεν - 191
who were carrying the renowned armor of Peleus' son toward the city.
Metre
οἳπροτὶἄστυφέρον‖κλυτὰτεύχεαΠηλεΐωνος
οἳthey whoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of φέρονπροτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionἄστυcityἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of προτὶφέρονwere carryingφέρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἑταίρουςκλυτὰfamousκλυτός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχεατεύχεαarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of φέρονΠηλεΐωνοςof Peleus' sonΠηλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies τεύχεα - 192
Standing apart from the tear-filled battle, he exchanged his armor.
Metre
στὰςἀπάνευθεμάχης‖πολυδακρύουἔντεἄμειβεν
στὰςstandingἵστημι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἄμειβενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπάνευθεapart fromἀπάνευθε · prepositionprepositionμάχηςthe battleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀπάνευθεπολυδακρύουtear-filledπολυδάκρυος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies μάχηςἔντεarmorἔντεα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἄμειβενἄμειβενexchangedἀμείβω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 193
His own he gave them to carry toward sacred Ilion
Metre
ἤτοιὃμὲντὰἃδῶκε‖φέρεινπροτὶἼλιονἱρὴν
ἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δῶκεμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleτὰthese thingsὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of δῶκεἃhisἑός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τὰδῶκεgaveδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφέρεινcarryφέρω · present active infinitiveobject of δῶκεπροτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionἼλιονIlionἼλιος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of προτὶἱρὴνsacredἱρός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἴλιον - 194
for the war-loving Trojans, while he put on the immortal armor
Metre
Τρωσὶφιλοπτολέμοισιν‖ὃἄμβροτατεύχεαδῦνε
Τρωσὶthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of δῶκεφιλοπτολέμοισινwar-lovingφιλοπόλεμος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρωσὶὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δῦνεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄμβροταimmortalἄμβροτος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχεατεύχεαarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of δῦνεδῦνεput onδύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 195
of Peleus' son Achilles, which the heavenly gods
Πηλεΐδεωof PeleusΠηλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἈχιλῆοςἈχιλῆοςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies τεύχεαἅwhichὅς · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of ἔπορονοἱtheὁ · nominative plural masculine articlemodifies θεοὶθεοὶgodsθεός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἔπορονΟὐρανίωνεςheavenlyΟὐρανίωνες · nominative plural masculine nounmodifies θεοὶ - 196
had given his dear father; and he gave it to his son
πατρὶfatherπατήρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἔπορονφίλῳdearφίλος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πατρὶἔπορονgaveπόρω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing τεύχεαὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ὄπασσεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleᾧhisἑός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies παιδὶπαιδὶsonπαῖς · dative singular masculine nounobject of ὄπασσεὄπασσεgranted himὀπάζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 197
when he grew old—but the son did not grow old in his father's armor.
Metre
γηράςἀλλοὐχυἱὸς‖ἐνἔντεσιπατρὸςἐγήρα
γηράςgrowing oldγηράσκω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὄπασσεἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleοὐχnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐγήραἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionἔντεσιarmorἔντεα · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐνπατρὸςfatherπατήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἔντεσιἐγήραgrew oldγηράσκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 198
When Zeus the cloud-gatherer saw him from afar
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἴδενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὡςwhenὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὖνthenοὖν · particlesentence particleἀπάνευθενapartἀπάνευθε · adverbadverbial to ἴδενἴδενhe sawεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὡςνεφεληγερέταcloud-gathererνεφεληγερέτα · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΖεὺςΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἴδεν - 199
arming himself in the armor of the godlike son of Peleus,
Metre
τεύχεσιΠηλεΐδαο‖κορυσσόμενονθείοιο
τεύχεσιarmorτεῦχος · dative plural neuter nounobject of κορυσσόμενονΠηλεΐδαοPeleus’ sonΠηλείδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies τεύχεσικορυσσόμενονarming himselfκορύσσω · present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementθείοιοgodlikeθεῖος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Πηλεΐδαο - 200
he shook his head and spoke to his own heart:
Metre
κινήσαςῥακάρη‖προτὶὃνμυθήσατοθυμόν
κινήσαςshakingκινέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μυθήσατοῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleκάρηheadκάρα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of κινήσαςπροτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionὃνhis ownἑός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμόνμυθήσατοspokeμυθέομαι · aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθυμόνspiritθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προτὶ - 201
"Ah, poor wretch, death is nowhere in your thoughts,
Metre
ἆδείλοὐδέτίτοι‖θάνατοςκαταθύμιόςἐστιν
ἆahἆ · interjectionsentence particleδείλpoor wretchδειλός · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headτίat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to ἐστιντοιyouσύ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἐστινθάνατοςdeathθάνατος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐστινκαταθύμιόςa concernκαταθύμιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐστινisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 202
though it is already drawing near you; yet you put on the immortal armor
Metre
ὃςδήτοισχεδὸνεἶσι‖σὺἄμβροτατεύχεαδύνεις
ὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἶσιδήindeedδή · particleemphasizing particleτοιyouσύ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to σχεδὸνσχεδὸνnearσχεδόν · adverbobject of εἶσιεἶσιapproachesεἶμι · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing θάνατοςσὺyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δύνειςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄμβροταimmortalἄμβροτος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχεατεύχεαarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of δύνειςδύνειςput onδύω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 203
of the best of men, whom even others tremble before.
Metre
ἀνδρὸςἀριστῆος‖τόντετρομέουσικαὶἄλλοι
ἀνδρὸςof a manἀνήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies τεύχεαἀριστῆοςbest manἀριστεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἀνδρὸςτόνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of τρομέουσιτεandτε · particlesentence particleτρομέουσιtrembleτρομέω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἀνδρὸςκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἄλλοιothersἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of τρομέουσι - 204
His companion, gentle and mighty, you have slain,
Metre
τοῦδὴἑταῖρονἔπεφνες‖ἐνηέατεκρατερόντε
τοῦhisὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies ἑταῖρονδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleἑταῖρονcompanionἑταῖρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔπεφνεςἔπεφνεςkilledθείνω · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἐνηέαgentleἐνηής · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τετεandτε · particlesentence particleκρατερόνmightyκρατερός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 205
and not in fitting order did you strip the armor from his head and shoulders.
Metre
τεύχεαοὐκατὰκόσμον‖ἀπὸκρατόςτεκαὶὤμων
τεύχεαarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of εἵλευδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionκόσμονorderκόσμος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to κατὰἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionκρατόςheadκράς · genitive singular feminine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὤμωνshouldersὦμος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of καὶ - 206
But now I shall place great might in your hands,
Metre
εἵλευἀτάρτοινῦν‖γεμέγακράτοςἐγγυαλίξω
εἵλευyou strippedαἱρέω · aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἀτάρyetἀτάρ · particlesentence particleτοιyouσύ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐγγυαλίξωνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἐγγυαλίξωγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κράτοςκράτοςpowerκράτος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ,ἐγγυαλίξωshall grantἐγγυαλίζω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 207
in recompense for this, since you will never return from battle,
Metre
τῶνποινὴνὅτοιοὔ‖τιμάχηςἐκνοστήσαντι
τῶνfor thisὁ · genitive plural neuter pronounmodifies ποινὴνποινὴνrecompenseποινή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ,ὅthatὅς · accusative singular neuter pronounsubordinating conjunctionτοιyouσύ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of δέξεταιοὔnotοὔτι · adverbemphasizing particleτιat allοὔτι · adverbadverbial to ἐκνοστήσαντιμάχηςbattleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐκνοστήσαντιἐκνοστήσαντιreturning homeἐκνοστέω · aorist active participle, dative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 208
and Andromache will not receive from you the renowned armor of Peleus' son."
Metre
δέξεταιἈνδρομάχη‖κλυτὰτεύχεαΠηλεΐωνος
δέξεταιwill receiveδέχομαι · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ὅἈνδρομάχηAndromacheἈνδρομάχη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of δέξεταικλυτὰfamousκλυτός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχεατεύχεαarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of δέξεταιΠηλεΐωνοςof PeleusΠηλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies τεύχεα - 209
So he spoke, and the son of Cronos bowed his head, his dark brows lowering;
Metre
ἦκαὶκυανέῃσιν‖ἐπὀφρύσινεῦσεΚρονίων
ἦhe spokeἠμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκυανέῃσινdarkκυάνεος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ὀφρύσιἐπuponἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleὀφρύσιbrowsὀφρύς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to νεῦσενεῦσεnoddedνεύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΚρονίωνthe son of CronosΚρονίων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of νεῦσε - 210
The armor fitted Hector's body, and Ares entered him,
Metre
Ἕκτοριἥρμοσετεύχε‖ἐπὶχροΐδῦδέμινἌρης
ἝκτοριHectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἥρμοσεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἥρμοσεit fittedἁρμόζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτεύχεarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἥρμοσεἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionχροΐhis bodyχρώς · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐπὶδῦenteredδύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlesentence particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of δῦἌρηςAresἌρης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δῦ - 211
terrible Enyalius; all his limbs within were filled
δεινὸςterribleδεινός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἌρηςἐνυάλιοςEnyaliusἘνυάλιος · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἄρηςπλῆσθενwere filledπίμπλημι · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleοἱhisὁ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to πλῆσθενμέλεlimbsμέλος · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of πλῆσθενἐντὸςwithinἐντός · adverbadverbial to πλῆσθεν - 212
with valor and strength, and among the glorious allies
Metre
ἀλκῆςκαὶσθένεος‖μετὰδὲκλειτοὺςἐπικούρους
ἀλκῆςvalorἀλκή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordσθένεοςstrengthσθένος · genitive singular neuter nounobject of καὶμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκλειτοὺςfamousκλειτός · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἐπικούρουςἐπικούρουςalliesἐπίκουρος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of μετὰ - 213
he went with a mighty shout; to all of them he seemed
Metre
βῆῥαμέγαἰάχων‖ἰνδάλλετοδέσφισιπᾶσι
βῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἰάχωνἰάχωνshoutingἰάχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βῆἰνδάλλετοseemedἰνδάλλομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσφισιthemσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἰνδάλλετοπᾶσιallπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies σφισι - 214
the great-hearted son of Peleus, blazing in his armor.
Metre
τεύχεσιλαμπόμενος‖μεγαθύμουΠηλεΐωνος
τεύχεσιarmorτεῦχος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to λαμπόμενοςλαμπόμενοςblazingλάμπω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἰνδάλλετομεγαθύμουgreat-heartedμεγάθυμος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΠηλεΐωνοςΠηλεΐωνοςof PeleusΠηλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies τεύχεσι - 215
He went to each man and urged him on with words—
ὄτρυνενurgedὀτρύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἕκαστονeachἕκαστος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobjectἐποιχόμενοςrangingἐποίχομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὄτρυνενἐπέεσσιwordsἔπος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ὄτρυνεν - 216
Mesthles and Glaucus and Medon and Thersilochus,
Metre
ΜέσθληντεΓλαῦκόν‖τεΜέδοντάτεΘερσίλοχόντε
ΜέσθληνMesthlesΜέσθλης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleΓλαῦκόνGlaucusΓλαῦκος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleΜέδοντάMedonΜέδων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleΘερσίλοχόνThersilochusΘερσίλοχος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particle - 217
Asteropaeus and Deisenor and Hippothous,
ἈστεροπαῖόνAsteropaeusἈστεροπαῖος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleΔεισήνοράDeisenorΔεισήνωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶθandτε · particlesentence particleἹππόθοόνHippothousἹππόθοος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particle - 218
Phorcys and Chromius and Ennomus the reader of birds;
Metre
ΦόρκυντεΧρομίον‖τεκαὶἜννομονοἰωνιστήν
ΦόρκυνPhorcysΦόρκυς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleΧρομίονChromiusΧρομίος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἜννομονEnnomusἜννομος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶοἰωνιστήνthe augurοἰωνιστής · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἔννομον - 219
urging them on, he addressed them with winged words:
Metre
τοὺςὅἐποτρύνων‖ἔπεαπτερόενταπροσηύδα
τοὺςthemὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ἐποτρύνωνὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of προσηύδαγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἐποτρύνωνurging onἐποτρύνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσηύδαἔπεαwordsἔπος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of προσηύδαπτερόενταwingedπτερόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔπεαπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 220
"Hear me, countless tribes of allies dwelling round about.
Metre
κέκλυτεμυρίαφῦλα‖περικτιόνωνἐπικούρων
κέκλυτεhearκλύω · aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbμυρίαcountlessμυρίος · vocative plural neuter adjectivemodifies φῦλαφῦλαtribesφῦλον · vocative plural neuter noungoverned by an elided headπερικτιόνωνneighboringπερικτίονες · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἐπικούρωνἐπικούρωνalliesἐπίκουρος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies φῦλα - 221
For it was not seeking numbers, nor from want,
Metre
οὐγὰρἐγὼπληθὺν‖διζήμενοςοὐδὲχατίζων
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἤγειραπληθὺνthe throngπληθύς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of διζήμενοςδιζήμενοςseekingδίζημαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀλλ̓χατίζωνlackingχατίζω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀλλ̓ - 222
that I gathered each of you here from your cities,
Metre
ἐνθάδἀφὑμετέρων‖πολίωνἤγειραἕκαστον
ἐνθάδhereἐνθάδε · adverbobject of ἤγειραἀφfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionὑμετέρωνyourὑμέτερος · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies πολίωνπολίωνcitiesπόλις · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἀφ̓ἤγειραgatheredἀγείρω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἕκαστονeachἕκαστος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἤγειρα - 223
but so that the Trojan wives and helpless children
Metre
ἀλλἵναμοιΤρώων‖ἀλόχουςκαὶνήπιατέκνα
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἵναso thatἵνα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ῥύοισθεΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἀλόχουςἀλόχουςwivesἄλοχος · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνήπιαhelplessνήπιος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τέκνατέκναchildrenτέκνον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶ - 224
you would defend with ready heart from the war-loving Achaeans.
Metre
προφρονέωςῥύοισθε‖φιλοπτολέμωνὑπἈχαιῶν
προφρονέωςwholeheartedlyπρόφρων · adverbadverbial to ῥύοισθεῥύοισθεmight defendῥύομαι · present medio-passive optative, 2nd plural verbadverbial to ἵναφιλοπτολέμωνwar-lovingφιλοπόλεμος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχαιῶνὑπfromὑπό · prepositionprepositionἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectiveobject of ὑπ̓ - 225
With this in mind I wear my people down with gifts and food,
τὰthese thingsὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of φρονέωνφρονέωνintendingφρονέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κατατρύχωδώροισιwith giftsδῶρον · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to καὶκατατρύχωwear downκατατρύχω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐδωδῇfoodἐδωδή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to καὶ - 226
and stir up the spirit of each one of you.
Metre
λαούςὑμέτερον‖δὲἑκάστουθυμὸνἀέξω
λαούςmenλαός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of κατατρύχωὑμέτερονyourὑμέτερος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμὸνδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἑκάστουeveryἕκαστος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμὸνθυμὸνheartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀέξωἀέξωstrengthenἀέξω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 227
Therefore let each turn straight on now, and either perish
Metre
τώτιςνῦνἰθὺς‖τετραμμένοςἢἀπολέσθω
τώthereforeτῷ · adverbsentence particleτιςeachτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἠὲνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἠὲἰθὺςstraightἰθύς · adverbadverbial to τετραμμένοςτετραμμένοςturnedτρέπω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἠὲἢorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleἀπολέσθωperishἀπόλλυμι · aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 228
or be saved; for that is the close encounter of war.
Metre
ἠὲσαωθήτω‖ἣγὰρπολέμουὀαριστύς
ἠὲorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordσαωθήτωbe savedσώζω · aorist passive imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἣthisὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubjectγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleπολέμουwarπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ὀαριστύςὀαριστύςclose combatὀαριστύς · nominative singular feminine nounpredicate noun - 229
And whoever, even though Patroclus is dead,
Metre
ὃςδέκεΠάτροκλον‖καὶτεθνηῶτάπερἔμπης
ὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐρύσῃδέandδέ · particlesentence particleκεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleΠάτροκλονPatroclusΠάτροκλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐρύσῃκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleτεθνηῶτάwhen deadθνήσκω · perfect active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἔμπηςstillἔμπας · adverbsentence particle - 230
drags him among the horse-taming Trojans and Ajax gives way to him,
Metre
Τρῶαςἐςἱπποδάμους‖ἐρύσῃεἴξῃδέοἱΑἴας
ΤρῶαςTrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐςἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἱπποδάμουςhorse-tamingἱππόδαμος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρῶαςἐρύσῃdragsἐρύω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δέεἴξῃyieldsεἴκω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δέδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱto himὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of εἴξῃΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εἴξῃ - 231
to him I will allot half the spoils, while half myself
Metre
ἥμισυτῷἐνάρων‖ἀποδάσσομαιἥμισυαὐτὸς
ἥμισυhalfἥμισυς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveobject of ἀποδάσσομαιτῷhimὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀποδάσσομαιἐνάρωνof spoilsἔναρα · genitive plural neuter nounmodifies ἥμισυἀποδάσσομαιwill allotἀποδατέομαι · future middle indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἥμισυhalfἥμισυς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveobject of ἕξωδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὐτὸςmyselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 232
I shall keep; and his glory will be as great as mine."
Metre
ἕξωἐγώτὸδέοἱ‖κλέοςἔσσεταιὅσσονἐμοίπερ
ἕξωI shall keepἔχω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἐγώIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἕξωτὸtheὁ · nominative singular neuter articlemodifies κλέοςδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhisὁ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἔσσεταικλέοςfameκλέος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔσσεταιἔσσεταιwill beεἰμί · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὅσσονas great asὅσος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἐμοίmeἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbialπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particle - 233
So he spoke, and they went straight at the Danaans, leaning their weight forward
Metre
ὣςἔφαθοἳἰθὺς‖Δαναῶνβρίσαντεςἔβησαν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφαθ̓ἔφαθhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἔβησανδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἰθὺςstraight atἰθύς · adverbprepositionΔαναῶνat the DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἰθὺςβρίσαντεςleaning forwardβρίθω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἔβησανἔβησανadvancedβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 234
with spears raised; and their hearts had high hopes
Metre
δούρατἀνασχόμενοι‖μάλαδέσφισινἔλπετοθυμὸς
δούρατspearsδόρυ · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἀνασχόμενοιἀνασχόμενοιraisingἀνέχω · aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἔβησανμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσφισινthemσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to ἔλπετοἔλπετοhopedἔλπω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθυμὸςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔλπετο - 235
of dragging the corpse from under Ajax, son of Telamon—
νεκρὸνcorpseνεκρός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐρύεινὑπbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionΑἴαντοςAjaxΑἴας · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ὑπ̓ἐρύεινto dragἐρύω · present active infinitiveobject of ἔλπετοΤελαμωνιάδαοson of TelamonΤελαμωνιάδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Αἴαντος - 236
fools; for over it he took the lives of many.
Metre
νήπιοιἦτεπολέσσιν‖ἐπαὐτῷθυμὸνἀπηύρα
νήπιοιfoolsνήπιος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleτεandτε · particlesentence particleπολέσσινmanyπολύς · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἀπηύραἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionαὐτῷhimαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐπ̓θυμὸνlifeθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀπηύραἀπηύραrobbedἀπαυράω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 237
Then Ajax spoke to Menelaus, loud in the war-cry:
Metre
καὶτότἄρΑἴαςεἶπε‖βοὴνἀγαθὸνΜενέλαον
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordτότthenτότε · adverbadverbial to εἶπεἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εἶπεεἶπεsaidεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβοὴνin war-criesβοή · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀγαθὸνἀγαθὸνgoodἀγαθός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαονΜενέλαονMenelausΜενέλαος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εἶπε - 238
"Dear Menelaus, nurtured of Zeus, I no longer
Metre
ὦπέπονὦΜενέλαε‖διοτρεφὲςοὐκέτινῶϊ
ὦoὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleπέπονfriendπέπων · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headὦoὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleΜενέλαεMenelausΜενέλαος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headδιοτρεφὲςZeus-nurturedΔιοτρεφής · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Μενέλαεοὐκέτιno longerοὐκέτι · adverbadverbial to ἔλπομαινῶϊwe twoἐγώ · accusative dual masculine pronounsubject of νοστησέμεν - 239
expect that we ourselves will return from battle.
Metre
ἔλπομαιαὐτώπερ‖νοστησέμενἐκπολέμοιο
ἔλπομαιI expectἔλπω · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbαὐτώbothαὐτός · accusative dual masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleνοστησέμενto returnνοστέω · future active infinitiveobject of ἔλπομαιἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπολέμοιοbattleπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκ - 240
I do not so much fear for Patroclus' corpse,
οὔnotοὔτι · adverbemphasizing particleτιat allοὔτι · adverbadverbial to περιδείδιατόσονso muchτόσος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to περιδείδιανέκυοςthe corpseνέκυς · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to περιδείδιαπεριδείδιαI fearπεριδείδω · perfect active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbΠατρόκλοιοPatroclusΠάτροκλος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies νέκυος - 241
which will soon glut the dogs and birds of Troy,
Metre
ὅςκετάχαΤρώων‖κορέεικύναςἠδοἰωνούς
ὅςwhichὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of κορέεικεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleτάχαsoonτάχα · adverbadverbial to κορέειΤρώωνTrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies κύναςκορέειwill glutκορέννυμι · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Πατρόκλοιοκύναςthe dogsκύων · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἠδ̓ἠδandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordοἰωνούςthe birdsοἰωνός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἠδ̓ - 242
as I fear for my own head, lest harm come to it,
Metre
ὅσσονἐμῇκεφαλῇ‖περιδείδιαμήτιπάθῃσι
ὅσσονhow muchὅσος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to περιδείδιαἐμῇmineἐμός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies καὶκεφαλῇmy headκεφαλή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to περιδείδιαπεριδείδιαI fearπεριδείδω · perfect active indicative, 1st singular verbadverbial to τόσονμήlestμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτιanythingτις · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of πάθῃσιπάθῃσιmay sufferπάσχω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbobject of μή - 243
and yours, since Hector wraps the cloud of war around everything,
Metre
καὶσῇἐπεὶπολέμοιο‖νέφοςπερὶπάντακαλύπτει
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordσῇyourσός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies καὶἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπολέμοιοwarπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies νέφοςνέφοςcloudνέφος · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionemphasizing particleπάνταallπᾶς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of καλύπτεικαλύπτειcoversκαλύπτω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓ - 244
and sheer destruction now rises before us.
Metre
Ἕκτωρἡμῖναὖτ‖ἀναφαίνεταιαἰπὺςὄλεθρος
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἡμῖνfor usἐγώ · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to ἀναφαίνεταιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτin turnαὖτε · adverbsentence particleἀναφαίνεταιemergesἀναφαίνω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓αἰπὺςsheerαἰπύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὄλεθροςὄλεθροςdestructionὄλεθρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀναφαίνεται - 245
But come, call the princes of the Danaans, if anyone can hear."
Metre
ἀλλἄγἀριστῆας‖Δαναῶνκάλειἤντιςἀκούσῃ
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἄγcomeἄγε · adverbsentence particleἀριστῆαςprincesἀριστεύς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of κάλειΔαναῶνof the DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἀριστῆαςκάλειcallκαλέω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἤνifἐάν · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτιςsomeoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀκούσῃἀκούσῃmay hearἀκούω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἤν - 246
So he spoke, and Menelaus, loud in the war-cry, did not disobey.
Metre
ὣςἔφατοὐδἀπίθησε‖βοὴνἀγαθὸςΜενέλαος
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀπίθησεdid not disobeyἀπιθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβοὴνat the war-cryβοή · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀγαθὸςἀγαθὸςgoodἀγαθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαοςΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπίθησε - 247
There he cried in a piercing voice to the Danaans: "
Metre
ἤϋσενδὲδιαπρύσιον‖Δαναοῖσιγεγωνώς
ἤϋσενcried outαὔω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδιαπρύσιονpiercingδιαπρύσιος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἤϋσενΔαναοῖσιthe DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject of γεγωνώςγεγωνώςshoutingγέγωνα · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἤϋσεν - 248
Friends, leaders and rulers of the Argives,
Metre
ὦφίλοιἈργείων‖ἡγήτορεςἠδὲμέδοντες
ὦoὦ · interjectionsentence particleφίλοιfriendsφίλος · vocative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἡγήτορεςἈργείωνof the ArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἡγήτορεςἡγήτορεςleadersἡγήτωρ · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordμέδοντεςrulersμέδων · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided head - 249
you who beside the sons of Atreus, Agamemnon and Menelaus,
Metre
οἵτεπαρἈτρεΐδῃς‖ἈγαμέμνονικαὶΜενελάῳ
οἵwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of πίνουσιντεandτε · particlesentence particleπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionἈτρεΐδῃςthe sons of AtreusἈτρείδης · dative plural masculine nounadverbialἈγαμέμνονιAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΜενελάῳMenelausΜενέλαος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to καὶ - 250
drink the public wine and each command
Metre
δήμιαπίνουσιν‖καὶσημαίνουσινἕκαστος
δήμιαpublicδήμιος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to πίνουσινπίνουσινdrinkπίνω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordσημαίνουσινcommandσημαίνω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing καὶἕκαστοςeachἕκαστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 251
your peoples; and from Zeus follow honor and glory.
Metre
λαοῖςἐκδὲΔιὸς‖τιμὴκαὶκῦδοςὀπηδεῖ
λαοῖςtroopsλαός · dative plural masculine nounobject of σημαίνουσινἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἐκτιμὴhonorτιμή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of καὶὀπηδεῖfollowsὀπαδέω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 252
It is hard for me to make out each man
Metre
ἀργαλέονδέμοίἐστι‖διασκοπιᾶσθαιἕκαστον
ἀργαλέονdifficultἀργαλέος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμοίto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἐστιἐστιisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδιασκοπιᾶσθαιto spy outδιασκοπιάομαι · present medio-passive infinitivesubject of ἐστιἕκαστονeachἕκαστος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of διασκοπιᾶσθαι - 253
among the leaders, so great the strife of war has blazed.
Metre
ἡγεμόνωντόσση‖γὰρἔριςπολέμοιοδέδηεν
ἡγεμόνωνof the leadersἡγεμών · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἕκαστοντόσσηso greatτόσος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἔριςγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἔριςstrifeἔρις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of δέδηενπολέμοιοwarπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἔριςδέδηενhas blazedδαίω · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 254
But let each come of himself, and in his heart feel shame
Metre
ἀλλάτιςαὐτὸςἴτω‖νεμεσιζέσθωἐνὶθυμῷ
ἀλλάbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleτιςeachτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἴτωαὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἴτωlet comeεἶμι · present active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνεμεσιζέσθωfeel shameνεμεσίζομαι · present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionθυμῷheartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνὶ - 255
that Patroclus should become a plaything for the dogs of Troy."
Metre
ΠάτροκλονΤρῳῇσι‖κυσὶνμέλπηθραγενέσθαι
ΠάτροκλονPatroclusΠάτροκλος · accusative singular masculine nounsubject of γενέσθαιΤρῳῇσιTrojanΤρωιός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies κυσὶνκυσὶνdogsκύων · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to γενέσθαιμέλπηθραa delightμέλπηθρα · accusative plural neuter nounpredicate nounγενέσθαιto becomeγίγνομαι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of νεμεσιζέσθω - 256
So he spoke, and swift Ajax, son of Oileus, heard clearly;
Metre
ὣςἔφατὀξὺἄκουσεν‖ὈϊλῆοςταχὺςΑἴας
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὀξὺsharpὀξύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἄκουσενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄκουσενheardἀκούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὈϊλῆοςson of OileusὈιλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Αἴαςταχὺςswiftταχύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΑἴαςΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἄκουσεν - 257
first he came running to meet them through the battle,
πρῶτοςfirstπρότερος · nominative singular masculine superlative adjectivecircumstantial complementδandδέ · particlesentence particleἀντίοςto meetἀντίος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἦλθεcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθέωνrunningθέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἦλθεἀνὰthroughἀνά · prepositionprepositionδηϊοτῆταbattle strifeδηιοτής · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀνὰ - 258
and after him Idomeneus and Idomeneus's companion,
Metre
τὸνδὲμετἸδομενεὺς‖καὶὀπάωνἸδομενῆος
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounadverbial to μετ̓δὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμετafterμετά · prepositionprepositionἸδομενεὺςIdomeneusἸδομενεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὀπάωνcompanionὀπάων · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἸδομενῆοςof IdomeneusἸδομενεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ὀπάων - 259
Meriones, the equal of man-slaying Enyalius;
ΜηριόνηςMerionesΜηριόνης · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἀτάλαντοςpeerἀτάλαντος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜηριόνηςἘνυαλίῳEnyaliusἘνυάλιος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἀτάλαντοςἀνδρειφόντῃman-slayingἀνδρειφόντης · dative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἐνυαλίῳ - 260
Of the others, who in his own mind could name the names,
τῶνtheὁ · genitive plural masculine articlemodifies ἄλλωνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄλλωνothersἄλλος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies οὐνόματ̓τίςwhoτίς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἴποικενwouldἄν · particlesentence particleᾗσιhisἑός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies φρεσὶνφρεσὶνin his heartφρήν · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to εἴποιοὐνόματnamesὄνομα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of εἴποιεἴποιcould nameεἶπον · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 261
of all who later roused the Achaeans' battle?
Metre
ὅσσοιδὴμετόπισθε‖μάχηνἤγειρανἈχαιῶν
ὅσσοιall whoὅσος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἤγειρανδὴindeedδή · particleemphasizing particleμετόπισθεlaterμετόπισθε · adverbadverbial to ἤγειρανμάχηνbattleμάχη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἤγειρανἤγειρανstirredἐγείρω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἄλλωνἈχαιῶνthe AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies μάχην - 262
The Trojans struck first, massed together; Hector led.
Metre
Τρῶεςδὲπροὔτυψαν‖ἀολλέεςἦρχεἄρἝκτωρ
ΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of προὔτυψανδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπροὔτυψανstruck firstπροτύπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀολλέεςin one massἀολλής · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἦρχεwas leaderἄρχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἦρχε - 263
As when at the mouth of a heaven-fed river
Metre
ὡςὅτἐπὶπροχοῇσι‖διιπετέοςποταμοῖο
ὡςasὡς · adverbemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅτwhenὅτε · adverbadverbial to δέἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionπροχοῇσιriver mouthsπροχοή · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐπὶδιιπετέοςZeus-fedΔιιπετής · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ποταμοῖοποταμοῖοriverποταμός · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies προχοῇσι - 264
a great wave roars against the stream, and all around the jutting
Metre
βέβρυχενμέγακῦμα‖ποτὶῥόονἀμφὶδέἄκραι
βέβρυχενroarsβρυχάομαι · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δέμέγαgreatμέγας · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κῦμακῦμαa waveκῦμα · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of βέβρυχενποτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionῥόονstreamῥόος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to ποτὶἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · adverbadverbial to βοόωσινδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτandτε · particlesentence particleἄκραιjuttingἄκρος · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἠϊόνες - 265
shores resound as the sea bellows outward,
Metre
ἠϊόνεςβοόωσιν‖ἐρευγομένηςἁλὸςἔξω
ἠϊόνεςshoresἠιών · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of βοόωσινβοόωσινresoundβοάω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to δέἐρευγομένηςbellowingἐρεύγομαι · present medio-passive participle, genitive singular feminineadverbial to βοόωσινἁλὸςseaἅλς · genitive singular feminine nounsubject of ἐρευγομένηςἔξωoutwardἔξω · adverbadverbial to ἐρευγομένης - 266
so with such a cry the Trojans came. But the Achaeans
τόσσῃsuchτόσος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἰαχῇἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἴσανἰαχῇshoutingἰαχή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἴσανἴσανwentεἶμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbαὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἈχαιοὶAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἕστασαν - 267
stood about the son of Menoetius with one heart,
Metre
ἕστασανἀμφὶΜενοιτιάδῃ‖ἕναθυμὸνἔχοντες
ἕστασανstoodἵστημι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionΜενοιτιάδῃthe son of MenoetiusΜενοιτιάδης · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἀμφὶἕναoneεἷς · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies θυμὸνθυμὸνheartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔχοντεςἔχοντεςholdingἔχω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἕστασαν - 268
fenced in with bronze-fitted shields; and around their
Metre
φραχθέντεςσάκεσιν‖χαλκήρεσινἀμφὶἄράσφι
φραχθέντεςfencedφράσσω · aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἕστασανσάκεσινshieldsσάκος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to φραχθέντεςχαλκήρεσινbronze-shodχαλκήρης · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies σάκεσινἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄράthenἄρα · particlesentence particleσφιtheirσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to χεῦ̓ - 269
gleaming helmets the son of Cronos poured a heavy mist,
Metre
λαμπρῇσινκορύθεσσι‖Κρονίωνἠέραπολλὴν
λαμπρῇσινbrightλαμπρός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies κορύθεσσικορύθεσσιhelmetsκόρυς · dative plural feminine nounobject of χεῦ̓Κρονίωνthe son of CronosΚρονίων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of χεῦ̓ἠέραmistἀήρ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of χεῦ̓πολλὴνabundantπολύς · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἠέρα - 270
for he had not hated the son of Menoetius before,
Metre
χεῦἐπεὶοὐδὲΜενοιτιάδην‖ἔχθαιρεπάροςγε
χεῦpouredχέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionΜενοιτιάδηνMenoetius's sonΜενοιτιάδης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔχθαιρεἔχθαιρεhad hatedἐχθαίρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶπάροςbeforeπάρος · adverbadverbial to ἔχθαιρεγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particle - 271
while alive he was attendant of the son of Aeacus.
Metre
ὄφραζωὸςἐὼν‖θεράπωνἦνΑἰακίδαο
ὄφραwhileὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionζωὸςaliveζωός · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐὼνbeingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἦνθεράπωνattendantθεράπων · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate nounἦνwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὄφραΑἰακίδαοson of AeacusΑἰακίδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θεράπων - 272
And he hated that he should become prey for the dogs of his foes,
μίσησενhatedμισέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of γενέσθαιδηΐωνof the foeδάιος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies κυσὶκυσὶdogsκύων · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to γενέσθαικύρμαpreyκύρμα · accusative singular neuter nounpredicate nounγενέσθαιto becomeγίγνομαι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of μίσησεν - 273
the Trojans; therefore he roused his comrades to defend him.
Metre
Τρῳῇσιντὼκαί‖οἱἀμυνέμενὦρσενἑταίρους
ΤρῳῇσινTrojanΤρωιός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies κυσὶτὼthereforeτῷ · adverbsentence particleκαίandκαί · adverbemphasizing particleοἱhimὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀμυνέμενἀμυνέμενto defendἀμύνω · present active infinitiveobject of ὦρσενὦρσενrousedὄρνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἑταίρουςcompanionsἑταῖρος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ὦρσεν - 274
The Trojans were first to drive back the bright-eyed Achaeans;
ὦσανdrove backὠθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπρότεροιfirstπρότερος · nominative plural masculine comparative adjectivecircumstantial complementΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ὦσανἑλίκωπαςbright-eyedἑλίκωψ · accusative plural masculine nounmodifies ἈχαιούςἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ὦσαν - 275
leaving the corpse, they drew back, but none of them
Metre
νεκρὸνδὲπρολιπόντες‖ὑπέτρεσανοὐδέτιναὐτῶν
νεκρὸνcorpseνεκρός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προλιπόντεςδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπρολιπόντεςleavingπρολείπω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ὑπέτρεσανὑπέτρεσανdrew backὑποτρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbτινoneτις · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἕλοναὐτῶνthemαὐτός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τιν̓ - 276
did the high-hearted Trojans slay with spears, eager though they were,
Metre
Τρῶεςὑπέρθυμοι‖ἕλονἔγχεσινἱέμενοίπερ
ΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἕλονὑπέρθυμοιhigh-heartedὑπέρθυμος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρῶεςἕλονslewαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἔγχεσινspearsἔγχος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἕλονἱέμενοίstraining forἵημι · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἕλονπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particle - 277
but they drew off the corpse; yet not for long would the Achaeans
Metre
ἀλλὰνέκυνἐρύοντο‖μίνυνθαδὲκαὶτοῦἈχαιοὶ
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordνέκυνcorpseνέκυς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐρύοντοἐρύοντοdrew offἐρύω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbμίνυνθαonly a momentμίνυνθα · adverbadverbial to ἀπέσσεσθαιδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleτοῦfrom itὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of ἀπέσσεσθαιἈχαιοὶAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of μέλλον - 278
remain away from it, for Ajax swiftly rallied them,
Metre
μέλλονἀπέσσεσθαι‖μάλαγάρσφεαςὦκἐλέλιξεν
μέλλονwould remainμέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀπέσσεσθαιto remain awayἄπειμι · future middle infinitiveobject of μέλλονμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleσφεαςthemσφεῖς · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ἐλέλιξενὦκquicklyὦκα · adverbadverbial to ἐλέλιξενἐλέλιξενralliedἐλελίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 279
who in looks and deeds was foremost
Metre
Αἴαςὃςπερὶμὲν‖εἶδοςπερὶἔργατέτυκτο
ΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐλέλιξενὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectπερὶpreeminent inπερί · prepositionemphasizing particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleεἶδοςin formεἶδος · accusative singular neuter nounadverbialπερὶpreeminent inπερί · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔργαdeedsἔργον · accusative plural neuter nounadverbial to τέτυκτοτέτυκτοwasτεύχω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓ - 280
of all the other Danaans, after the blameless son of Peleus;
Metre
τῶνἄλλωνΔαναῶν‖μετἀμύμοναΠηλεΐωνα
τῶνof theὁ · genitive plural masculine articlemodifies Δαναῶνἄλλωνotherἄλλος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ΔαναῶνΔαναῶνof the DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounobject of τέτυκτομετamongμετά · prepositionprepositionἀμύμοναblamelessἀμύμων · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΠηλεΐωναΠηλεΐωναson of PeleusΠηλεύς · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to μετ̓ - 281
He charged through the front ranks, in valor like a wild boar,
Metre
ἴθυσενδὲδιὰ‖προμάχωνσυῒεἴκελοςἀλκὴν
ἴθυσενchargedἰθύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionπρομάχωνfront ranksπρόμαχος · genitive plural masculine adjectiveobject of διὰσυῒa boarὗς · dative singular masculine nounobject of εἴκελοςεἴκελοςlikeεἴκελος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀλκὴνvalorἀλκή · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to εἴκελος - 282
which in the mountains scatters dogs and strong young men
καπρίῳwild boarκάπριος · dative singular masculine nounmodifies συῒὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐκέδασσεντandτε · particlesentence particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionὄρεσσιthe mountainsὄρος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐνκύναςdogsκύων · accusative plural masculine nounobject of τ̓θαλερούςvigorousθαλερός · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies αἰζηοὺςτandτε · particlecoordinating wordαἰζηοὺςyoung menαἰζηός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of τ̓ - 283
with ease, wheeling among wooded glens;
Metre
ῥηϊδίωςἐκέδασσεν‖ἑλιξάμενοςδιὰβήσσας
ῥηϊδίωςeasilyῥᾴδιος · adverbadverbial to ἐκέδασσενἐκέδασσενscatteredκεδάννυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing συῒἑλιξάμενοςwheelingἑλίσσω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐκέδασσενδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionβήσσαςthe glensβῆσσα · accusative plural feminine nounobject of διὰ - 284
so glorious Ajax, son of noble Telamon,
Metre
ὣςυἱὸςΤελαμῶνος‖ἀγαυοῦφαίδιμοςΑἴας
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐκέδασσευἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectΤελαμῶνοςTelamonΤελαμών · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸςἀγαυοῦgloriousἀγαυός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Τελαμῶνοςφαίδιμοςgloriousφαίδιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΑἴαςΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 285
came among them with ease and scattered the Trojan battalions
Metre
ῥεῖαμετεισάμενος‖Τρώωνἐκέδασσεφάλαγγας
ῥεῖαeasilyῥεῖα · adverbadverbial to ἐκέδασσεμετεισάμενοςentering amongμέτειμι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐκέδασσεΤρώωνTrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies φάλαγγαςἐκέδασσεscatteredκεδάννυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφάλαγγαςbattalionsφάλαγξ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐκέδασσε - 286
who had bestrode Patroclus and were most intent
Metre
οἳπερὶΠατρόκλῳ‖βέβασανφρόνεονδὲμάλιστα
οἳtheyὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of βέβασανπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionemphasizing particleΠατρόκλῳPatroclusΠάτροκλος · dative singular masculine nounobject of βέβασανβέβασανhad bestrodeβαίνω · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing δὲφρόνεονfixed their mindsφρονέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing δὲδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμάλισταby farμάλα · superlative adverbemphasizing particle - 287
on dragging him toward their own city and winning glory.
ἄστυcityἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of πότιπότιtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionσφέτερονtheir ownσφέτερος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἄστυἐρύεινdraggingἐρύω · present active infinitiveobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀρέσθαιἀρέσθαιwinαἴρω · aorist middle infinitiveobject of καὶ - 288
But the glorious son of the Pelasgian Lethus,
Metre
ἤτοιτὸνΛήθοιο‖Πελασγοῦφαίδιμοςυἱὸς
ἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἕλκεΛήθοιοLethusΛῆθος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸςΠελασγοῦthe PelasgianΠελασγός · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Λήθοιοφαίδιμοςgloriousφαίδιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱὸςυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 289
Hippothous dragged him by the foot through the mighty conflict,
Metre
Ἱππόθοοςποδὸςἕλκε‖κατὰκρατερὴνὑσμίνην
ἹππόθοοςHippothousἹππόθοος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectποδὸςby the footπούς · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to ἕλκεἕλκεdraggedἕλκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionκρατερὴνmightyκρατερός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ὑσμίνηνὑσμίνηνbattleὑσμίνη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of κατὰ - 290
binding a strap around the ankle beside the sinews,
Metre
δησάμενοςτελαμῶνι‖παρὰσφυρὸνἀμφὶτένοντας
δησάμενοςbindingδέω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἕλκετελαμῶνιthe strapτελαμών · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to δησάμενοςπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionσφυρὸνankleσφυρόν · accusative singular neuter nounobject of παρὰἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionτένονταςtendonsτένων · accusative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἀμφὶ - 291
to win favor with Hector and the Trojans; but swiftly evil
Metre
ἝκτορικαὶΤρώεσσι‖χαριζόμενοςτάχααὐτῷ
ἝκτοριHectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΤρώεσσιthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of καὶχαριζόμενοςto win favorχαρίζομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἕλκετάχαsoonτάχα · adverbadverbial to ἦλθεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὐτῷhimαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἦλθε - 292
came upon him, and none could ward it off, though they strove.
Metre
ἦλθεκακόντόοἱοὔ‖τιςἐρύκακενἱεμένωνπερ
ἦλθεcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκακόνevilκακός · nominative singular neuter adjectivesubject of ἦλθετόthisὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of ἐρύκακενοἱhimὁ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἐρύκακενοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐρύκακενἐρύκακενcould ward offἐρύκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing κακόνἱεμένωνstrivingἵημι · present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculinemodifies τιςπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particle - 293
Then the son of Telamon sprang at him through the crowd
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of πλῆξ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πλῆξ̓ΤελαμῶνοςTelamonΤελαμών · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸςἐπαΐξαςspringing atἐπαίσσω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to πλῆξ̓διthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionὁμίλουthe pressὅμιλος · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to δἰ - 294
and struck him hand-to-hand through the bronze-cheeked helmet.
Metre
πλῆξαὐτοσχεδίην‖κυνέηςδιὰχαλκοπαρῄου
πλῆξstruckπλήσσω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαὐτοσχεδίηνat close quartersαὐτοσχέδιος · accusative singular feminine adjectiveadverbial to πλῆξ̓κυνέηςthe helmetκυνέη · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to διὰδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionχαλκοπαρῄουbronze-cheekedχαλκοπάρῃος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies κυνέης - 295
The horsehair-crested helmet split around the spearpoint,
Metre
ἤρικεἱπποδάσεια‖κόρυςπερὶδουρὸςἀκωκῇ
ἤρικεsplitἐρίζω · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἱπποδάσειαhorsehair-crestedἱπποδάσεια · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κόρυςκόρυςhelmetκόρυς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἤρικεπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionδουρὸςspearδόρυ · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies ἀκωκῇἀκωκῇpointἀκωκή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to περὶ - 296
struck by the great spear and the thick hand,
πληγεῖσstruckπλήσσω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἤρικεἔγχεΐwith spearἔγχος · dative singular neuter nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleμεγάλῳgreatμέγας · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχεΐκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordχειρὶhandχείρ · dative singular feminine nounobject of καὶπαχείῃstoutπαχύς · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χειρὶ - 297
and the bloody brain gushed from the wound beside the crest-socket.
Metre
ἐγκέφαλοςδὲπαραὐλὸν‖ἀνέδραμενἐξὠτειλῆς
ἐγκέφαλοςbrainἐγκέφαλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀνέδραμενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionαὐλὸνcrest-socketαὐλός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to παῤἀνέδραμενgushedἀνατρέχω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionὠτειλῆςwoundὠτειλή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐξ - 298
His strength was loosed there; from his hands he let
αἱματόειςbloodyαἱματόεις · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἐγκέφαλοςτοῦhisὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies μένοςδandδέ · particlesentence particleαὖθιthereαὖθι · adverbadverbial to λύθηλύθηwas loosedλύω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμένοςstrengthμένος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of λύθηἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleχειρῶνhandsχείρ · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἐκ - 299
the foot of great-hearted Patroclus fall
Metre
Πατρόκλοιοπόδα‖μεγαλήτοροςἧκεχαμᾶζε
ΠατρόκλοιοPatroclusΠάτροκλος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πόδαπόδαfootπούς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἧκεμεγαλήτοροςgreat-heartedμεγαλήτωρ · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Πατρόκλοιοἧκεlet fallἵημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχαμᾶζεto the groundχαμᾶζε · adverbadverbial to κεῖσθαι - 300
to lie on the ground; and close beside him he fell face-down upon the corpse,
Metre
κεῖσθαιὃἄγχαὐτοῖο‖πέσεπρηνὴςἐπὶνεκρῷ
κεῖσθαιto lieκεῖμαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἧκεὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of πέσεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄγχnearἄγχι · prepositionprepositionαὐτοῖοhimαὐτός · genitive singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἄγχ̓πέσεfellπίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπρηνὴςface-downπρηνής · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionνεκρῷcorpseνεκρός · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπὶ - 301
far from rich-soiled Larisa; yet he did not repay his own parents
Metre
τῆλἀπὸΛαρίσης‖ἐριβώλακοςοὐδὲτοκεῦσι
τῆλfrom far offτῆλε · prepositionprepositionἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionΛαρίσηςLarisaΛάρισα · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀπὸἐριβώλακοςrich-soiledἐριβῶλαξ · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies Λαρίσηςτοκεῦσιparentsτοκεύς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀπέδωκε - 302
the debt of his upbringing, for his life was brief,
Metre
θρέπτραφίλοιςἀπέδωκε‖μινυνθάδιοςδέοἱαἰὼν
θρέπτραdebt of upbringingθρέπτρα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἀπέδωκεφίλοιςdearφίλος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies τοκεῦσιἀπέδωκεrepaidἀποδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμινυνθάδιοςbriefμινυνθάδιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhisὁ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἔπλεθ̓αἰὼνlifeαἰών · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔπλεθ̓ - 303
cut short beneath the spear of great-hearted Ajax.
Metre
ἔπλεθὑπΑἴαντος‖μεγαθύμουδουρὶδαμέντι
ἔπλεθwasπέλω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὑπbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionΑἴαντοςAjax'sΑἴας · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies δουρὶμεγαθύμουgreat-heartedμεγάθυμος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Αἴαντοςδουρὶwith the spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounobject of ὑπ̓δαμέντιslainδαμάζω · aorist passive participle, dative singular masculinemodifies οἱ - 304
Hector in turn cast his shining spear at Ajax;
Metre
ἝκτωραὖτΑἴαντος‖ἀκόντισεδουρὶφαεινῷ
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀκόντισεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτin turnαὖτε · adverbsentence particleΑἴαντοςat AjaxΑἴας · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀκόντισεἀκόντισεcastἀκοντίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδουρὶspearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἀκόντισεφαεινῷshiningφαεινός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δουρὶ - 305
But he, seeing it before him, avoided the bronze spear
Metre
ἀλλὃμὲνἄνταἰδὼν‖ἠλεύατοχάλκεονἔγχος
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἠλεύατομὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἄνταbefore himἄντα · adverbadverbial to ἰδὼνἰδὼνsawεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἠλεύατοἠλεύατοavoidedἀλέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχάλκεονbronzeχάλκεος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἠλεύατο - 306
by a little; but it struck Schedius, son of great-hearted Iphitus,
τυτθόνa littleτυτθός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἠλεύατοὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of βάλ̓δὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΣχεδίονSchediusΣχεδίος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectμεγαθύμουgreat-heartedμεγάθυμος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἸφίτουἸφίτουIphitusἼφιτος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobject - 307
far best of the Phocians, who in famous Panopeus
Metre
Φωκήωνὄχἄριστον‖ὃςἐνκλειτῷΠανοπῆϊ
Φωκήωνof the PhociansΦωκεύς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἄριστονὄχfarὄχα · adverbadverbial to ἄριστονἄριστονthe bestἄριστος · accusative singular masculine superlative adjectivemodifies Σχεδίονὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ναιετάασκεἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionκλειτῷgloriousκλειτός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΠανοπῆϊΠανοπῆϊPanopeusΠανοπεύς · dative singular masculine nounmodifies ἐν - 308
dwelt in his home, ruling over many men.
Metre
οἰκίαναιετάασκε‖πολέσσἄνδρεσσινἀνάσσων
οἰκίαhis houseοἰκίον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ναιετάασκεναιετάασκεdweltναιετάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describingπολέσσover manyπολύς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἄνδρεσσινἄνδρεσσινmenἀνήρ · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀνάσσωνἀνάσσωνrulingἀνάσσω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ναιετάασκε - 309
He struck him beneath the middle collarbone; straight through him the point
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobjectβάλstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionκληῗδαcollarboneκλείς · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ὑπὸμέσηνmiddleμέσος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κληῗδαδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀμπερὲςstraight throughἀμπερές · adverbadverbial to ἀνέσχεἄκρηtipἄκρος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies αἰχμὴ - 310
of bronze came out beside the lowest part of the shoulder.
Metre
αἰχμὴχαλκείη‖παρὰνείατονὦμονἀνέσχε
αἰχμὴspearpointαἰχμή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἀνέσχεχαλκείηbronzeχάλκειος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies αἰχμὴπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionνείατονlowestνέατος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὦμονὦμονshoulderὦμος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to παρὰἀνέσχεcame outἀνέχω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 311
He fell with a thud, and his armor clattered upon him.
Metre
δούπησενδὲπεσών‖ἀράβησεδὲτεύχεἐπαὐτῷ
δούπησενfell with a thudδουπέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπεσώνfallingπίπτω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δούπησενἀράβησεclatteredἀραβέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεύχεarmorτεῦχος · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of ἀράβησεἐπonἐπί · prepositionprepositionαὐτῷhimαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐπ̓ - 312
Ajax in turn struck warlike Phorcys, son of Phaenops,
Metre
ΑἴαςαὖΦόρκυνα‖δαΐφροναΦαίνοποςυἱὸν
ΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τύψεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖin turnαὖ · adverbsentence particleΦόρκυναPhorcysΦόρκυς · accusative singular masculine nounobjectδαΐφροναwarlikeδαίφρων · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΦόρκυναΦαίνοποςPhaenopsΦαῖνοψ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobject - 313
in the middle belly as he stood over Hippothous;
Metre
Ἱπποθόῳπεριβάντα‖μέσηνκατὰγαστέρατύψε
ἹπποθόῳHippothousἹππόθοος · dative singular masculine nounobject of περιβάνταπεριβάνταstood overπεριβαίνω · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculinemodifiesμέσηνmiddleμέσος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies γαστέρακατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionγαστέραbellyγαστήρ · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to κατὰτύψεstruckτύπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 314
and shattered the plate of his corselet, and the bronze
Metre
ῥῆξεδὲθώρηκος‖γύαλονδιὰἔντεραχαλκὸς
ῥῆξεshatteredῥήγνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleθώρηκοςof the corseletθώραξ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies γύαλονγύαλονplateγύαλον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ῥῆξεδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔντεραgutsἔντερον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἤφυσ̓χαλκὸςbronzeχαλκός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἤφυσ̓ - 315
gushed through his guts; and he fell in the dust and clutched the ground with his hand.
Metre
ἤφυσὃἐνκονίῃσι‖πεσὼνἕλεγαῖανἀγοστῷ
ἤφυσgushedἀφύσσω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἕλεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionκονίῃσιthe dustκονία · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνπεσὼνfallingπίπτω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἕλεἕλεclutchedαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγαῖανgroundγαῖα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἕλεἀγοστῷwith his handἀγοστός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἕλε - 316
The front fighters gave ground, and glorious Hector with them;
Metre
χώρησανὑπότε‖πρόμαχοικαὶφαίδιμοςἝκτωρ
χώρησανgave groundχωρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὑπόbackὑπό · prepositionemphasizing particleτεandτε · particlesentence particleπρόμαχοιfront fightersπρόμαχος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordφαίδιμοςgloriousφαίδιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 317
the Argives shouted loud and dragged away the corpses
Ἀργεῖοιthe ArgivesἈργεῖος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἴαχονδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleμέγαgreatlyμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἴαχονἴαχονshoutedἰάχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐρύσαντοdragged awayἐρύω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleνεκροὺςthe deadνεκρός · accusative plural masculine nounobject - 318
of Phorcys and Hippothous, and stripped the armor from their shoulders.
Metre
ΦόρκυνἹππόθοόν‖τελύοντοδὲτεύχεἀπὤμων
ΦόρκυνPhorcysΦόρκυς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τεθandτε · particlesentence particleἹππόθοόνHippothousἹππόθοος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordλύοντοstrippedλύω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεύχεarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of λύοντοἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionὤμωνshouldersὦμος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἀπ̓ - 319
Then the Trojans would again, beneath the Achaeans dear to Ares,
Metre
ἔνθάκεναὖτεΤρῶες‖ἀρηϊφίλωνὑπἈχαιῶν
ἔνθάthenἔνθα · adverbsentence particleκενwouldἄν · particlesentence particleαὖτεagainαὖτε · adverbadverbial to εἰσανέβησανΤρῶεςthe TrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of εἰσανέβησανἀρηϊφίλωνdear to Aresἀρηίφιλος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχαιῶνὑπbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionἈχαιῶνthe AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ὑπ̓ - 320
have climbed back into Ilion, broken by their weakness,
Metre
Ἴλιονεἰσανέβησαν‖ἀναλκείῃσιδαμέντες
Ἴλιονinto IlionἼλιος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἰσανέβησανεἰσανέβησανhave climbed backεἰσαναβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀναλκείῃσιby weaknessἀνάλκεια · dative plural feminine nounobject of δαμέντεςδαμέντεςbrokenδαμάζω · aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to εἰσανέβησαν - 321
while the Argives would have won glory even beyond the will of Zeus
Metre
Ἀργεῖοιδέκεκῦδος‖ἕλονκαὶὑπὲρΔιὸςαἶσαν
Ἀργεῖοιthe ArgivesἈργεῖος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἕλονδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἕλονἕλονwould have wonαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleὑπὲρaboveὑπέρ · prepositionprepositionΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies αἶσαναἶσανwhat is justαἶσα · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ὑπὲρ - 322
by their own might and strength; but Apollo himself
Metre
κάρτεϊκαὶσθένεϊ‖σφετέρῳἀλλαὐτὸςἈπόλλων
κάρτεϊstrengthκάρτος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordσθένεϊstrengthσθένος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to καὶσφετέρῳtheir ownσφέτερος · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies σθένεϊἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleαὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὄτρυνε - 323
roused Aeneas, taking the form of Periphas,
Metre
Αἰνείανὄτρυνε‖δέμαςΠερίφαντιἐοικὼς
ΑἰνείανAeneasΑἰνείας · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὄτρυνεὄτρυνεrousedὀτρύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέμαςformδέμας · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐοικὼςΠερίφαντιPeriphasΠερίφας · dative singular masculine nounobjectἐοικὼςlikeἔοικα · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὄτρυνε - 324
the herald, son of Epytus, who beside Aeneas's aged father
Metre
κήρυκιἨπυτίδῃ‖ὅςοἱπαρὰπατρὶγέροντι
κήρυκιheraldκῆρυξ · dative singular masculine nounobjectἨπυτίδῃson of EpytusἨπυτίδης · dative singular masculine nounmodifies Περίφαντιὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of γήρασκεοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies πατρὶπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionπατρὶhis fatherπατήρ · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to παρὰγέροντιagedγέρων · dative singular masculine nounmodifies πατρὶ - 325
had grown old as herald, knowing counsels dear to his heart;
Metre
κηρύσσωνγήρασκε‖φίλαφρεσὶμήδεαεἰδώς
κηρύσσωνserving as heraldκηρύσσω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to γήρασκεγήρασκεhad grown oldγηράσκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describingφίλαdearφίλος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies μήδεαφρεσὶheartφρήν · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to εἰδώςμήδεαcounselsμῆδος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of εἰδώςεἰδώςknowingεἴδω · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to γήρασκε - 326
In his likeness Apollo, son of Zeus, addressed Aeneas:
Metre
τῷμινἐεισάμενος‖προσέφηΔιὸςυἱὸςἈπόλλων
τῷin his likenessὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐεισάμενοςμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηἐεισάμενοςtaking his likenessεἴδομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηaddressedπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸςυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 327
"Aeneas, how could you save steep Ilion even against a god?
ΑἰνείαAeneasΑἰνείας · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headπῶςhowπῶς · adverbadverbial to εἰρύσσαισθεἂνwouldἄν · particlesentence particleκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleὑπὲρagainstὑπέρ · prepositionprepositionθεὸνa godθεός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to ὑπὲρεἰρύσσαισθεcould saveἐρύω · aorist middle optative, 2nd plural verbmain verb - 328
So I have seen other men
Metre
Ἴλιοναἰπεινήν‖ὡςδὴἴδονἀνέραςἄλλους
ἼλιονIlionἼλιος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἰρύσσαισθεαἰπεινήνsteepαἰπεινός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἴλιονὡςasὡς · adverbsentence particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleἴδονhave seenεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἀνέραςmenἀνήρ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἴδονἄλλουςothersἄλλος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνέρας - 329
trusting in their might and strength and manhood,
Metre
κάρτεΐτεσθένεΐ‖τεπεποιθόταςἠνορέῃτε
κάρτεΐin strengthκάρτος · dative singular neuter nounobject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleσθένεΐin mightσθένος · dative singular neuter nounobject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleπεποιθόταςtrustingπείθω · perfect active participle, accusative plural masculinemodifies ἀνέραςἠνορέῃmanhoodἠνορέη · dative singular feminine nounobject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particle - 330
and in their own force, though the people they had were very few.
Metre
πλήθεΐτεσφετέρῳ‖καὶὑπερδέαδῆμονἔχοντας
πλήθεΐforceπλῆθος · dative singular neuter nounobject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordσφετέρῳtheir ownσφέτερος · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πλήθεΐκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleὑπερδέαvery fewὑπερδεής · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δῆμονδῆμονpeopleδῆμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔχονταςἔχονταςhavingἔχω · present active participle, accusative plural masculinemodifies ἀνέρας - 331
But Zeus wills victory far more for us than for the Danaans,
Metre
ἡμῖνδὲΖεὺςμὲν‖πολὺβούλεταιἢΔαναοῖσι
ἡμῖνfor usἐγώ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of βούλεταιδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of βούλεταιμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleπολὺfarπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to βούλεταιβούλεταιwishesβούλομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἢthanἤ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionΔαναοῖσιthe DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject - 332
yet you yourselves flee endlessly and do not fight."
Metre
νίκηνἀλλαὐτοὶ‖τρεῖτἄσπετονοὐδὲμάχεσθε
νίκηνvictoryνίκη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of βούλεταιἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleαὐτοὶyou yourselvesαὐτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementτρεῖτfleeτρέω · present active indicative, 2nd plural verbmain verbἄσπετονendlesslyἄσπετος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to τρεῖτ̓μάχεσθεfightμάχομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verbmain verb - 333
So he spoke, and Aeneas knew far-shooting Apollo
Metre
ὣςἔφατΑἰνείας‖ἑκατηβόλονἈπόλλωνα
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΑἰνείαςAeneasΑἰνείας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔγνωδandδέ · particlesentence particleἑκατηβόλονfar-shootingἑκατηβόλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈπόλλωναἈπόλλωναApolloἈπόλλων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔγνω - 334
when he looked straight at him, and he shouted loudly to Hector:
Metre
ἔγνωἐςἄνταἰδών‖μέγαἝκτοραεἶπεβοήσας
ἔγνωknewγιγνώσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐςinεἰς · prepositionemphasizing particleἄνταbefore himἄντα · adverbadverbial to ἰδώνἰδώνseeingεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔγνωμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to βοήσαςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εἶπεεἶπεsaidεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβοήσαςshoutingβοάω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἶπε - 335
"Hector, and you other leaders of the Trojans and their allies,
ἝκτόρHectorἝκτωρ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headτandτε · particlesentence particleἠδandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄλλοιotherἄλλος · vocative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀγοὶΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἠδ̓ἀγοὶleadersἀγός · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headἠδandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐπικούρωνalliesἐπίκουρος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἠδ̓ - 336
shame upon us now if beneath the Achaeans dear to Ares
Metre
αἰδὼςμὲννῦνἥδε‖ἀρηϊφίλωνὑπἈχαιῶν
αἰδὼςshameαἰδώς · nominative singular feminine nounpredicate nounμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbialἥδεthisὅδε · nominative singular feminine pronounsubjectγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἀρηϊφίλωνwar-lovingἀρηίφιλος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχαιῶνὑπbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionἈχαιῶνthe AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ὑπ̓ - 337
we climb back into Ilion, beaten by our cowardice.
Metre
Ἴλιονεἰσαναβῆναι‖ἀναλκείῃσιδαμέντας
ἼλιονIlionἼλιος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἰσαναβῆναιεἰσαναβῆναιclimb backεἰσαναβαίνω · aorist active infinitivesubjectἀναλκείῃσιby weaknessἀνάλκεια · dative plural feminine nounobject of δαμένταςδαμένταςbeatenδαμάζω · aorist passive participle, accusative plural masculineadverbial to εἰσαναβῆναι - 338
For even now one of the gods, standing close beside me, says
Metre
ἀλλἔτιγάρτίςφησι‖θεῶνἐμοὶἄγχιπαραστὰς
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἔτιstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to εἶναιγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτίςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of φησιφησιsaysφημί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τίςἐμοὶto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἄγχιἄγχιnearἄγχι · prepositionprepositionπαραστὰςstanding besideπαρίστημι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to φησι - 339
that Zeus, highest counselor, stands as our helper in battle.
Metre
Ζῆνὕπατονμήστωρα‖μάχηςἐπιτάρροθονεἶναι
ΖῆνZeusΖεύς · accusative singular masculine nounsubject of εἶναιὕπατονhighestὕπατος · accusative singular masculine superlative adjectivemodifies μήστωραμήστωραdeviserμήστωρ · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Ζῆν̓μάχηςbattleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἐπιτάρροθονἐπιτάρροθονhelperἐπιτάρροθος · accusative singular masculine nounpredicate nounεἶναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of φησι - 340
Therefore let us go straight at the Danaans, and may they not at ease
Metre
τώἰθὺςΔαναῶν‖ἴομενμηδοἵγεἕκηλοι
τώthereforeτῷ · adverbsentence particleῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἰθὺςstraight atἰθύς · adverbprepositionΔαναῶνat the DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἰθὺςἴομενlet us goεἶμι · present active subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbοἵtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of πελασαίατογεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἕκηλοιat easeἕκηλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 341
bring dead Patroclus near the ships."
Metre
Πάτροκλοννηυσὶν‖πελασαίατοτεθνηῶτα
ΠάτροκλονPatroclusΠάτροκλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of πελασαίατονηυσὶνshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of πελασαίατοπελασαίατοmight bring nearπελάζω · aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verbmain verbτεθνηῶταwhen deadθνήσκω · perfect active participle, accusative singular masculinemodifies Πάτροκλον - 342
So he spoke, and leaping far before the front fighters, he took his stand.
Metre
ὣςφάτοκαίῥαπολὺ‖προμάχωνἐξάλμενοςἔστη
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάτοφάτοhe spokeφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleπολὺfarπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐξάλμενοςπρομάχωνfront ranksπρόμαχος · genitive plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐξάλμενοςἐξάλμενοςleaping outἐξάλλομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔστηἔστηstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 343
They wheeled about and stood facing the Achaeans;
Metre
οἳἐλελίχθησαν‖καὶἐναντίοιἔστανἈχαιῶν
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐλελίχθησανδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐλελίχθησανwheeled aboutἐλελίζω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐναντίοιfacingἐναντίος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔστανstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἈχαιῶνthe AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐναντίοι - 344
Then Aeneas struck Leocritus with his spear,
Metre
ἔνθαὖτΑἰνείας‖Λειώκριτονοὔτασεδουρὶ
ἔνθthenἔνθα · adverbsentence particleαὖτin turnαὖτε · adverbsentence particleΑἰνείαςAeneasΑἰνείας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of οὔτασεΛειώκριτονLeocritusΛειώκριτος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectοὔτασεwoundedοὐτάζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδουρὶspearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to οὔτασε - 345
son of Arisbas, the loyal companion of Lycomedes.
Metre
υἱὸνἈρίσβαντος‖Λυκομήδεοςἐσθλὸνἑταῖρον
υἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἈρίσβαντοςArisbasἈρίσβας · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνΛυκομήδεοςLycomedesΛυκομήδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἑταῖρονἐσθλὸνgoodἐσθλός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἑταῖρονἑταῖρονcompanionἑταῖρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject - 346
Lycomedes, dear to Ares, pitied him as he fell,
Metre
τὸνδὲπεσόντἐλέησεν‖ἀρηΐφιλοςΛυκομήδης
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐλέησενδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπεσόντfallingπίπτω · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἐλέησενpitiedἐλεέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀρηΐφιλοςdear to Aresἀρηίφιλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΛυκομήδηςΛυκομήδηςLycomedesΛυκομήδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐλέησεν - 347
he came and stood very near, then cast his shining spear
Metre
στῆδὲμάλἐγγὺςἰών‖καὶἀκόντισεδουρὶφαεινῷ
στῆstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleμάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleἐγγὺςnearἐγγύς · adverbobject of ἰώνἰώνcomingεἶμι · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to στῆκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἀκόντισεcastἀκοντίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδουρὶhis spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἀκόντισεφαεινῷshiningφαεινός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δουρὶ - 348
and struck Apisaon, son of Hippasus, shepherd of the people,
Metre
καὶβάλενἹππασίδην‖Ἀπισάοναποιμέναλαῶν
καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleβάλενstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἹππασίδηνson of HippasusἹππασίδης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈπισάοναἈπισάοναApisaonἈπισάων · accusative singular masculine nounobjectποιμέναshepherdποιμήν · accusative singular masculine nounobjectλαῶνof the peopleλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ποιμένα - 349
in the liver below the midriff, and at once loosed his knees.
Metre
ἧπαρὑπὸπραπίδων‖εἶθαρὑπὸγούνατἔλυσεν
ἧπαρliverἧπαρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of βάλενὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionπραπίδωνthe midriffπραπίδες · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to ὑπὸεἶθαρat onceεἶθαρ · adverbadverbial to ἔλυσενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionemphasizing particleγούνατkneesγόνυ · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔλυσενἔλυσενloosedλύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 350
He had come from rich-soiled Paeonia,
ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δὲῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionΠαιονίηςPaeoniaΠαίονες · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐκἐριβώλακοςrich-soiledἐριβῶλαξ · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies Παιονίηςεἰληλούθειhad comeἔρχομαι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δὲ - 351
and after Asteropaeus he was foremost in battle.
Metre
καὶδὲμετἈστεροπαῖον‖ἀριστεύεσκεμάχεσθαι
καὶalsoκαί · adverbsentence particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμετafterμετά · prepositionprepositionἈστεροπαῖονAsteropaeusἈστεροπαῖος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to μετ̓ἀριστεύεσκεwas ever foremostἀριστεύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δὲμάχεσθαιin battleμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveadverbial to ἀριστεύεσκε - 352
Warlike Asteropaeus pitied him as he fell,
Metre
τὸνδὲπεσόντἐλέησεν‖ἀρήϊοςἈστεροπαῖος
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐλέησενδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπεσόντfallingπίπτω · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἐλέησενpitiedἐλεέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀρήϊοςwarlikeἄρειος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈστεροπαῖοςἈστεροπαῖοςAsteropaeusἈστεροπαῖος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐλέησεν - 353
and he too charged eagerly forward to fight the Danaans;
Metre
ἴθυσενδὲκαὶὃ‖πρόφρωνΔαναοῖσιμάχεσθαι
ἴθυσενchargedἰθύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἴθυσενπρόφρωνwholeheartedlyπρόφρων · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementΔαναοῖσιthe DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject of μάχεσθαιμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἴθυσεν - 354
but he could no longer do so, for they were fenced on every side with shields,
Metre
ἀλλοὔπωςἔτιεἶχε‖σάκεσσιγὰρἔρχατοπάντῃ
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleοὔnotοὔπως · adverbemphasizing particleπωςat allοὔπως · adverbadverbial to εἶχεἔτιstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to εἶχεεἶχεcould do soἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbσάκεσσιshieldsσάκος · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἔρχατογὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἔρχατοwere fencedἔργνυμι · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπάντῃeverywhereπάντῃ · adverbadverbial to ἔρχατο - 355
standing around Patroclus, with their spears held out before them.
Metre
ἑσταότεςπερὶΠατρόκλῳ‖πρὸδὲδούρατἔχοντο
ἑσταότεςstandingἵστημι · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἔρχατοπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionΠατρόκλῳPatroclusΠάτροκλος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to περὶπρὸforthπρό · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδούρατspearsδόρυ · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔχοντοἔχοντοheldἔχω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 356
For Ajax went among them all, laying many commands:
Metre
Αἴαςγὰρμάλαπάντας‖ἐπῴχετοπολλὰκελεύων
ΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐπῴχετογὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleπάνταςallπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐπῴχετοἐπῴχετοrangedἐποίχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπολλὰmany commandsπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to κελεύωνκελεύωνurgingκελεύω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐπῴχετο - 357
he ordered no man to give ground behind the corpse
Metre
οὔτέτινἐξοπίσω‖νεκροῦχάζεσθαιἀνώγει
οὔτέneitherοὔτε · adverbsentence particleτινoneτις · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀνώγειἐξοπίσωbackwardἐξοπίσω · adverbadverbial to χάζεσθαινεκροῦcorpseνεκρός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of χάζεσθαιχάζεσθαιto give groundχάζω · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἀνώγειἀνώγειtoldἄνωγα · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 358
and no Achaean to fight out in front beyond the rest,
Metre
οὔτέτιναπρομάχεσθαι‖Ἀχαιῶνἔξοχονἄλλων
οὔτέnorοὔτε · adverbcoordinating wordτιναanyoneτις · accusative singular masculine pronounobjectπρομάχεσθαιto fight in frontπρομάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobjectἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἔξοχονἔξοχονaboveἔξοχος · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἄλλωνothersἄλλος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχαιῶν - 359
but to stand close around it and fight at close range.
Metre
ἀλλὰμάλἀμφαὐτῷ‖βεβάμενσχεδόθενδὲμάχεσθαι
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordμάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleἀμφaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionαὐτῷitαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἀμφ̓βεβάμενto standβαίνω · perfect active infinitiveobject of δὲσχεδόθενnearσχεδόθεν · adverbadverbial to μάχεσθαιδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of δὲ - 360
So huge Ajax commanded, and the earth
Metre
ὣςΑἴαςἐπέτελλε‖πελώριοςαἵματιδὲχθὼν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐπέτελλεΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐπέτελλεἐπέτελλεgave chargeἐπιτέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπελώριοςhugeπελώριος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Αἴαςαἵματιwith bloodαἷμα · dative singular neuter nounobject of δεύετοδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleχθὼνearthχθών · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of δεύετο - 361
was drenched with dark-red blood; the dead fell thick together,
Metre
δεύετοπορφυρέῳ‖τοὶἀγχιστῖνοιἔπιπτον
δεύετοwas drenchedδεύω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπορφυρέῳpurpleπορφύρεος · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies αἵματιτοὶtheὁ · nominative plural masculine articlemodifies νεκροὶδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀγχιστῖνοιin heapsἀγχιστῖνος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔπιπτονfellπίπτω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 362
Trojans and their exceedingly mighty allies alike,
Metre
νεκροὶὁμοῦΤρώων‖καὶὑπερμενέωνἐπικούρων
νεκροὶthe deadνεκρός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἔπιπτονὁμοῦtogetherὁμοῦ · adverbadverbial to ἔπιπτονΤρώωνof TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleὑπερμενέωνexceedingly mightyὑπερμενής · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἐπικούρωνἐπικούρωνalliesἐπίκουρος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καὶ - 363
and Danaans; for they too did not fight without blood,
Metre
καὶΔαναῶνοὐδοἳ‖γὰρἀναιμωτίγεμάχοντο
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΔαναῶνof DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καὶοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of μάχοντογὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἀναιμωτίwithout bloodshedἀναιμωτί · adverbadverbial to μάχοντογεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleμάχοντοfoughtμάχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 364
but far fewer of them died, for they always remembered
Metre
παυρότεροιδὲπολὺ‖φθίνυθονμέμνηντογὰραἰεὶ
παυρότεροιfewerπαῦρος · nominative plural masculine comparative adjectivesubject of φθίνυθονδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπολὺfarπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to παυρότεροιφθίνυθονwere dyingφθινύθω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbμέμνηντοrememberedμιμνήσκω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleαἰεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to μέμνηντο - 365
to ward sheer death from one another through the throng.
Metre
ἀλλήλοιςἀνὅμιλον‖ἀλεξέμεναιφόνοναἰπύν
ἀλλήλοιςone anotherἀλλήλων · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἀλεξέμεναιἀνthroughἀνά · prepositionprepositionὅμιλονthrongὅμιλος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἀν̓ἀλεξέμεναιto wardἀλέξω · present active infinitiveobject of μέμνηντοφόνονslaughterφόνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀλεξέμεναιαἰπύνsheerαἰπύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies φόνον - 366
So they fought like fire itself; you would not have said
Metre
ὣςοἳμὲνμάρναντο‖δέμαςπυρόςοὐδέκεφαίης
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to μάρναντοοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of μάρναντομὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleμάρναντοfoughtμάρναμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδέμαςlikeδέμας · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to μάρναντοπυρόςof fireπῦρ · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies δέμαςκεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleφαίηςwould sayφημί · present active optative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 367
that either sun or moon still remained unharmed,
Metre
οὔτέποτἠέλιον‖σῶνἔμμεναιοὔτεσελήνην
οὔτέneitherοὔτε · adverbsentence particleποτeverποτέ · particleadverbial to ἔμμεναιἠέλιονthe sunἠέλιος · accusative singular masculine nounsubject of τεσῶνsafeσῶς · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἔμμεναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of φαίηςσελήνηνmoonσελήνη · accusative singular feminine nounsubject of τε - 368
for mist held down all that part of the battle where the best
Metre
ἠέριγὰρκατέχοντο‖μάχηςἐπίὅσσονἄριστοι
ἠέριin mistἀήρ · dative singular feminine nounobject of κατέχοντογὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleκατέχοντοwere shroudedκατέχω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbμάχηςbattleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ὅσσονἐπίoverἐπί · prepositionprepositionθandτε · particlesentence particleὅσσονall that partὅσος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐπίἄριστοιbestἄριστος · nominative plural masculine superlative adjectivesubject of ἕστασαν - 369
stood around the dead son of Menoetius.
Metre
ἕστασανἀμφὶΜενοιτιάδῃ‖κατατεθνηῶτι
ἕστασανstoodἵστημι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to κατέχοντοἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionΜενοιτιάδῃthe son of MenoetiusΜενοιτιάδης · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἀμφὶκατατεθνηῶτιdeadκαταθνήσκω · perfect active participle, dative singular masculinemodifies Μενοιτιάδῃ - 370
But the other Trojans and well-greaved Achaeans
Metre
οἳἄλλοιΤρῶες‖καὶἐϋκνήμιδεςἈχαιοὶ
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine articlemodifies Τρῶεςδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄλλοιthe otherἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ΤρῶεςΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐϋκνήμιδεςwell-greavedἐυκνήμις · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχαιοὶἈχαιοὶAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of καὶ - 371
fought at ease under clear sky, and the sharp light
Metre
εὔκηλοιπολέμιζον‖ὑπαἰθέριπέπτατοαὐγὴ
εὔκηλοιat easeεὔκηλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπολέμιζονfoughtπολεμίζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὑπbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionαἰθέριthe airαἰθήρ · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ὑπ̓πέπτατοspreadπετάννυμι · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleαὐγὴgleamαὐγή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of πέπτατο - 372
of the sun spread out; no cloud showed over all
ἠελίουof the sunἠέλιος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies αὐγὴὀξεῖαsharpὀξύς · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies αὐγὴνέφοςcloudνέφος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of φαίνετοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleφαίνετοappearedφαίνω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπάσηςallπᾶς · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies γαίης - 373
the earth or mountains. They fought with pauses,
Metre
γαίηςοὐδὀρέων‖μεταπαυόμενοιδὲμάχοντο
γαίηςearthγαῖα · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to δ̓ὀρέωνmountainsὄρος · genitive plural neuter nounadverbial to δ̓μεταπαυόμενοιtaking pausesμεταπαύομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to μάχοντοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμάχοντοfoughtμάχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 374
keeping clear of one another's grievous missiles
Metre
ἀλλήλωνἀλεείνοντες‖βέλεαστονόεντα
ἀλλήλωνone anotherἀλλήλων · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies βέλεαἀλεείνοντεςavoidingἀλεείνω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to μάχοντοβέλεαmissilesβέλος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἀλεείνοντεςστονόενταgroan-bringingστονόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies βέλεα - 375
and standing far apart. But those between them suffered pain
Metre
πολλὸνἀφεσταότες‖τοὶἐνμέσῳἄλγεἔπασχον
πολλὸνfarπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀφεσταότεςἀφεσταότεςstanding apartἀφίστημι · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to μάχοντοτοὶtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἔπασχονδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionμέσῳthe middleμέσος · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἐνἄλγεpainsἄλγος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔπασχονἔπασχονthey enduredπάσχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 376
from mist and war, worn down by pitiless bronze,
Metre
ἠέρικαὶπολέμῳ‖τείροντοδὲνηλέϊχαλκῷ
ἠέριin mistἀήρ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπολέμῳwarπόλεμος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to καὶτείροντοwere worn downτείρω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordνηλέϊpitilessνηλής · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χαλκῷχαλκῷbronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounobject of τείροντο - 377
all who were best. Yet two renowned warriors had not learned the news,
Metre
ὅσσοιἄριστοιἔσαν‖δύοοὔπωφῶτεπεπύσθην
ὅσσοιall whoὅσος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἔσανἄριστοιbestἄριστος · nominative plural masculine superlative adjectivepredicate nounἔσανwereεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbsubject of τείροντοδύοtwoδύο · numeralmodifies φῶτεδandδέ · particlesentence particleοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleπωyetπω · particleadverbial to πεπύσθηνφῶτεmenφώς · nominative dual masculine nounsubjectπεπύσθηνhad learnedπυνθάνομαι · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verb - 378
Thrasymedes and Antilochus,
Metre
ἀνέρεκυδαλίμω‖ΘρασυμήδηςἈντίλοχόςτε
ἀνέρεmenἀνήρ · nominative dual masculine nounsubjectκυδαλίμωgloriousκυδάλιμος · nominative dual masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνέρεΘρασυμήδηςThrasymedesΘρασυμήδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τεἈντίλοχόςAntilochusἈντίλοχος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 379
that blameless Patroclus was dead; they still thought
Metre
Πατρόκλοιοθανόντος‖ἀμύμονοςἀλλἔτἔφαντο
ΠατρόκλοιοPatroclusΠάτροκλος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of πεπύσθηνθανόντοςfallen deadθνήσκω · aorist active participle, genitive singular masculinecircumstantial complementἀμύμονοςblamelessἀμύμων · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Πατρόκλοιοἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἔτstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to ζωὸνἔφαντοbelievedφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 380
he fought alive in the foremost Trojan tumult.
Metre
ζωὸνἐνὶπρώτῳ‖ὁμάδῳΤρώεσσιμάχεσθαι
ζωὸνaliveζωός · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionπρώτῳfirstπρότερος · dative singular masculine superlative adjectivemodifies ὁμάδῳὁμάδῳmassὅμαδος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνὶΤρώεσσιthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of μάχεσθαιμάχεσθαιwas fightingμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἔφαντο - 381
Watching for the death and rout of their comrades, the two
Metre
τὼἐπιοσσομένω‖θάνατονκαὶφύζανἑταίρων
τὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of ἐμαρνάσθηνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπιοσσομένωwatching forἐπιόσσομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to ἐμαρνάσθηνθάνατονdeathθάνατος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordφύζανroutφύζα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶἑταίρωνcompanionsἑταῖρος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καὶ - 382
fought apart, for so Nestor had commanded them
Metre
νόσφινἐμαρνάσθην‖ἐπεὶὣςἐπετέλλετοΝέστωρ
νόσφινapartνόσφι · adverbadverbial to ἐμαρνάσθηνἐμαρνάσθηνfoughtμάρναμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐπετέλλετοἐπετέλλετοhad commandedἐπιτέλλω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶΝέστωρNestorΝέστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐπετέλλετο - 383
when he urged them into war from the black ships.
Metre
ὀτρύνωνπόλεμον‖δὲμελαινάωνἀπὸνηῶν
ὀτρύνωνurgingὀτρύνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐπετέλλετοπόλεμονwarπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὀτρύνωνδὲandδέ · particleemphasizing particleμελαινάωνblackμέλας · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηῶνἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionνηῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to ἀπὸ - 384
For them all day the great strife of harsh contention rose;
Metre
τοῖςδὲπανημερίοις‖ἔριδοςμέγανεῖκοςὀρώρει
τοῖςwith themὁ · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to ὀρώρειδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπανημερίοιςall day longπανημέριος · dative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔριδοςstrifeἔρις · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies νεῖκοςμέγαgreatμέγας · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies νεῖκοςνεῖκοςstrifeνεῖκος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ὀρώρειὀρώρειaroseὄρνυμι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 385
with toil and sweat, without cease,
Metre
ἀργαλέηςκαμάτῳ‖δὲκαὶἱδρῷνωλεμὲςαἰεὶ
ἀργαλέηςgrievousἀργαλέος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἔριδοςκαμάτῳwith wearinessκάματος · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἱδρῷsweatἱδρώς · dative singular feminine nounobject of καὶνωλεμὲςwithout ceaseνωλεμές · adverbadverbial to παλάσσετοαἰεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to παλάσσετο - 386
the knees and shins and feet beneath each man,
γούνατάkneesγόνυ · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleκνῆμαίshinsκνήμη · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleπόδεςfeetπούς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τεθandτε · particlesentence particleὑπένερθενbeneathὑπένερθε · adverbmodifies πόδεςἑκάστουeveryἕκαστος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies πόδες - 387
and hands and eyes were fouled; fighting, the two sides
χεῖρέςhandsχείρ · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of τετandτε · particlesentence particleὀφθαλμοίeyesὀφθαλμός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordπαλάσσετοwere fouledπαλάσσω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμαρναμένοιινfightingμάρναμαι · present medio-passive participle, dative dual masculineadverbial to παλάσσετο - 388
surged around the good attendant of the swift-footed son of Aeacus;
Metre
ἀμφἀγαθὸνθεράποντα‖ποδώκεοςΑἰακίδαο
ἀμφaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionἀγαθὸνgoodἀγαθός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θεράπονταθεράπονταattendantθεράπων · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἀμφ̓ποδώκεοςswift-footedποδώκης · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΑἰακίδαοΑἰακίδαοson of AeacusΑἰακίδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θεράποντα - 389
As when a man gives the hide of a great bull
Metre
ὡςὅτἀνὴρταύροιο‖βοὸςμεγάλοιοβοείην
ὡςasὡς · adverbemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅτwhenὅτε · adverbadverbial to δώῃἀνὴρmanἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δώῃταύροιοa bullταῦρος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies βοὸςβοὸςoxβοῦς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies βοείηνμεγάλοιοgreatμέγας · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies βοὸςβοείηνhideβοείη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of δώῃ - 390
to his men to stretch, soaked through with fat,
Metre
λαοῖσινδώῃ‖τανύεινμεθύουσανἀλοιφῇ
λαοῖσινhis menλαός · dative plural masculine nounobject of δώῃδώῃgivesδίδωμι · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbialτανύεινto stretchτανύω · present active infinitiveobject of δώῃμεθύουσανsoakedμεθύω · present active participle, accusative singular femininemodifies βοείηνἀλοιφῇin fatἀλοιφή · dative singular feminine nounobject of μεθύουσαν - 391
and taking it, they stand apart and stretch it
Metre
δεξάμενοιἄρατοί‖γεδιαστάντεςτανύουσι
δεξάμενοιtakingδέχομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to τανύουσιδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτοίtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of τανύουσιγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleδιαστάντεςstanding apartδιίστημι · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to τανύουσιτανύουσιstretchτανύω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to δέ - 392
in a circle; at once its moisture goes and the fat sinks in
Metre
κυκλόσἄφαρδέτεἰκμὰς‖ἔβηδύνειδέἀλοιφὴ
κυκλόσin a circleκυκλόσε · adverbadverbial to τανύουσιἄφαρat onceἄφαρ · adverbadverbial to ἔβηδέandδέ · particlesentence particleτεandτε · particlesentence particleἰκμὰςmoistureἰκμάς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔβηἔβηgoesβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δέδύνειsinks inδύω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δέδέandδέ · particlesentence particleτandτε · particlesentence particleἀλοιφὴfatἀλοιφή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of δύνει - 393
as many men pull, and the whole hide is stretched straight through —
Metre
πολλῶνἑλκόντων‖τάνυταιδέτεπᾶσαδιὰπρό
πολλῶνmanyπολύς · genitive plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἑλκόντωνἑλκόντωνpullingἕλκω · present active participle, genitive plural masculineadverbial to δύνειτάνυταιis stretchedτάνυμαι · present passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δέδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεandτε · particlesentence particleπᾶσαwholeπᾶς · nominative singular feminine adjectivesubject of τάνυταιδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionadverbial to τάνυταιπρόforwardπρό · adverbemphasizing particle - 394
so there, in a narrow space, both sides
Metre
ὣςοἵἔνθακαὶἔνθα‖νέκυνὀλίγῃἐνὶχώρῃ
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἵλκεονοἵtheyὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of εἵλκεονγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἔνθαthis wayἔνθα · adverbadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἔνθαthat wayἔνθα · adverbadverbial to καὶνέκυνcorpseνέκυς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εἵλκεονὀλίγῃnarrowὀλίγος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χώρῃἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionχώρῃspaceχώρα · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνὶ - 395
dragged the corpse this way and that; their hearts strongly hoped,
Metre
εἵλκεονἀμφότεροι‖μάλαδέσφισινἔλπετοθυμὸς
εἵλκεονdraggedἑλκέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀμφότεροιbothἀμφότερος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies οἵμάλαgreatlyμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσφισινfor themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to ἔλπετοἔλπετοhopedἔλπω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθυμὸςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔλπετο - 396
the Trojans to haul it toward Ilion, but the Achaeans
ΤρωσὶνTrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounadverbialμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐρύεινto dragἐρύω · present active infinitiveobjectπροτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionἼλιονIlionἼλιος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of προτὶαὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἈχαιοῖςthe AchaeansἈχαιός · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial - 397
toward the hollow ships; around it rose a savage
Metre
νῆαςἔπιγλαφυράς‖περὶαὐτοῦμῶλοςὀρώρει
νῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἔπιἔπιtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionγλαφυράςhollowγλαφυρός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὐτοῦitαὐτός · genitive singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to περὶμῶλοςstruggleμῶλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὀρώρειὀρώρειhad arisenὄρνυμι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 398
struggle. Neither Ares, rouser of hosts, nor Athena
Metre
ἄγριοςοὐδέἌρης‖λαοσσόοςοὐδέἈθήνη
ἄγριοςsavageἄγριος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementκwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἌρηςAresἌρης · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectλαοσσόοςrouser of hostsλαοσσόος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἄρηςκwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἈθήνηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ὀνόσαιτ̓ - 399
would have scorned it at the sight, not even if wrath seized them.
Metre
τόνγεἰδοῦσὀνόσαιτ‖οὐδεἰμάλαμινχόλοςἵκοι
τόνitὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ὀνόσαιτ̓γεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἰδοῦσhaving seen itεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ὀνόσαιτ̓ὀνόσαιτwould scornὄνομαι · aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbεἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἵκοιχόλοςangerχόλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἵκοιἵκοιshould seizeἱκνέομαι · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἰ - 400
Such evil toil of men and horses Zeus stretched out
Metre
τοῖονΖεὺςἐπὶΠατρόκλῳ‖ἀνδρῶντεκαὶἵππων
τοῖονsuchτοῖος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πόνονΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐτάνυσσεἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionΠατρόκλῳPatroclusΠάτροκλος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπὶἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἵππωνof horsesἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καὶ - 401
around Patroclus that day. And not yet
Metre
ἤματιτῷἐτάνυσσε‖κακὸνπόνονοὐδἄραπώτι
ἤματιdayἦμαρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐτάνυσσετῷthatὁ · dative singular neuter pronounmodifies ἤματιἐτάνυσσεstretched outτανύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκακὸνevilκακός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πόνονπόνονtoilπόνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐτάνυσσεἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleπώyetπω · particleadverbial to ᾔδεετιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to ᾔδεε - 402
did godlike Achilles know that Patroclus was dead,
Metre
ᾔδεεΠάτροκλον‖τεθνηόταδῖοςἈχιλλεύς
ᾔδεεhad knownεἴδω · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΠάτροκλονPatroclusΠάτροκλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ᾔδεετεθνηόταwas deadθνήσκω · perfect active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementδῖοςgodlikeδῖος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχιλλεύςἈχιλλεύςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ᾔδεε - 403
for they fought far from the swift ships,
Metre
πολλὸνγὰρἀπάνευθε‖νεῶνμάρναντοθοάων
πολλὸνfarπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀπάνευθεγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἀπάνευθεfar fromἀπάνευθε · adverbadverbial to μάρναντονεῶνfrom the shipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to ἀπάνευθεμάρναντοfoughtμάρναμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbθοάωνswiftθοός · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies νεῶν - 404
beneath the Trojan wall. His heart never expected
τείχειwallτεῖχος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ὕποὕποbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τείχειτόthatὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounsentence particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of τεθνάμενοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleποτεeverποτέ · particleadverbial to ἔλπετοἔλπετοexpectedἔλπω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθυμῷin his heartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἔλπετο - 405
that Patroclus had died, but that he would come alive near the gates
Metre
τεθνάμενἀλλὰζωὸν‖ἐνιχριμφθένταπύλῃσιν
τεθνάμενto be deadθνήσκω · perfect active infinitiveobject of ἀλλὰἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordζωὸνaliveζωός · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐνιχριμφθένταhaving drawn nearἐγχρίμπτω · aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculineadverbial to ἀπονοστήσεινπύλῃσινthe gatesπύλη · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνιχριμφθέντα - 406
and return again, since he had no sure hope
Metre
ἂψἀπονοστήσειν‖ἐπεὶοὐδὲτὸἔλπετοπάμπαν
ἂψbackἄψ · adverbadverbial to ἀπονοστήσεινἀπονοστήσεινwould return homeἀπονοστέω · future active infinitiveobject of ἀλλὰἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτὸthisὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounobjectἔλπετοhopedἔλπω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶπάμπανat allπάμπαν · adverbadverbial to ἔλπετο - 407
that Patroclus would sack the citadel without him, or with him either;
Metre
ἐκπέρσεινπτολίεθρον‖ἄνευἕθενοὐδὲσὺναὐτῷ
ἐκπέρσεινto sackἐκπέρθω · future active infinitiveobjectπτολίεθρονcitadelπτολίεθρον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐκπέρσεινἄνευapart fromἄνευ · prepositionprepositionἕθενhimselfἕ · genitive singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἄνευσὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionαὐτῷhimαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to σὺν - 408
for often, hearing alone, he had learned this from his mother,
Metre
πολλάκιγὰρτόγεμητρὸς‖ἐπεύθετονόσφινἀκούων
πολλάκιoftenπολλάκις · adverbadverbial to ἐπεύθετογὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτόthatὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of ἐπεύθετογεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleμητρὸςfrom his motherμήτηρ · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐπεύθετοἐπεύθετοhad heardπεύθομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνόσφινapartνόσφι · adverbadverbial to ἀκούωνἀκούωνas he listenedἀκούω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐπεύθετο - 409
who would tell him the purpose of great Zeus.
Metre
ἥοἱἀπαγγέλλεσκε‖Διὸςμεγάλοιονόημα
ἥwhoὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἀπαγγέλλεσκεοἱto himὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀπαγγέλλεσκεἀπαγγέλλεσκεwould tellἀπαγγέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing μητρὸςΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies νόημαμεγάλοιοgreatμέγας · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Διὸςνόημαdesignνόημα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀπαγγέλλεσκε - 410
But this time his mother had not told him of an evil so great,
Metre
δὴτότεοὔοἱἔειπε‖κακὸντόσονὅσσονἐτύχθη
δὴindeedδή · particleemphasizing particleτότεthenτότε · adverbadverbial to ἔειπεγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleοἱto himὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔειπεἔειπεtoldεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκακὸνevilκακός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveobject of ,τόσονso greatτόσος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κακὸνὅσσονas great asὅσος · nominative singular neuter adjectivesubject of ἐτύχθηἐτύχθηhad befallenτεύχω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to τόσον - 411
that the companion far dearest to him had perished.
Metre
μήτηρὅττίῥάοἱ‖πολὺφίλτατοςὤλεθἑταῖρος
μήτηρmotherμήτηρ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔειπεὅττίthatὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionῥάthenἄρα · particlesentence particleοἱto himὁ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to φίλτατοςπολὺfarπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to φίλτατοςφίλτατοςdearestφίλτατος · nominative singular masculine superlative adjectivemodifies ἑταῖροςὤλεθhad perishedὄλλυμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of ὅττίἑταῖροςcomradeἑταῖρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὤλεθ̓ - 412
Still they pressed without cease around the corpse, holding pointed spears,
Metre
οἳαἰεὶπερὶνεκρὸν‖ἀκαχμέναδούρατἔχοντες
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of καὶδandδέ · particlesentence particleαἰεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἐγχρίμπτοντοπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionνεκρὸνcorpseνεκρός · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies περὶἀκαχμέναsharpenedἀκαχμένος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δούρατ̓δούρατspearsδόρυ · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔχοντεςἔχοντεςholdingἔχω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to καὶ - 413
and killed one another; and so one bronze-clad Achaean
Metre
νωλεμὲςἐγχρίμπτοντο‖καὶἀλλήλουςἐνάριζον
νωλεμὲςwithout ceaseνωλεμές · adverbadverbial to ἐγχρίμπτοντοἐγχρίμπτοντοpressed closeἐγχρίμπτω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀλλήλουςone anotherἀλλήλων · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐνάριζονἐνάριζονthey kept killingἐναρίζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 414
would say:
Metre
ὧδεδέτιςεἴπεσκεν‖Ἀχαιῶνχαλκοχιτώνων
ὧδεthusὧδε · adverbadverbial to εἴπεσκενδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτιςsomeoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἴπεσκενεἴπεσκενwould sayεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τιςχαλκοχιτώνωνbronze-cladχαλκοχίτων · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχαιῶν - 415
"Friends, it will bring us no glory to return
Metre
ὦφίλοιοὐμὰνἧμιν‖ἐϋκλεὲςἀπονέεσθαι
ὦOὦ · interjectionsentence particleφίλοιfriendsφίλος · vocative plural masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμὰνsurelyμήν · particlesentence particleἧμινfor usἐγώ · dative plural masculine pronounadverbialἐϋκλεὲςgloriousεὐκλεής · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἀπονέεσθαιreturn homeἀπονέομαι · present medio-passive infinitivesubject - 416
to the hollow ships. Let the black earth here
Metre
νῆαςἔπιγλαφυράς‖ἀλλαὐτοῦγαῖαμέλαινα
νῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἔπιἔπιtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionγλαφυράςhollowγλαφυρός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordαὐτοῦthereαὐτοῦ · adverbadverbial to χάνοιγαῖαearthγαῖα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of χάνοιμέλαιναblackμέλας · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies γαῖα - 417
gape for us all; that would at once be far better
Metre
πᾶσιχάνοιτόκενἧμιν‖ἄφαρπολὺκέρδιονεἴη
πᾶσιfor allπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to χάνοιχάνοιmight gapeχάσκω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτόitὁ · nominative singular neuter pronounsubject of εἴηκενwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἧμινfor usἐγώ · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to εἴηἄφαρat onceἄφαρ · adverbadverbial to εἴηπολὺfarπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to κέρδιονκέρδιονbetterκερδίων · nominative singular neuter comparative adjectivepredicate nounεἴηwould beεἰμί · present active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 418
than if we yield this man to the horse-taming Trojans
Metre
εἰτοῦτονΤρώεσσι‖μεθήσομενἱπποδάμοισιν
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτοῦτονthis manοὗτος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of μεθήσομενΤρώεσσιthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of μεθήσομενμεθήσομενwe shall yieldμεθίημι · future active indicative, 1st plural verbadverbial to εἰἱπποδάμοισινhorse-tamingἱππόδαμος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρώεσσι - 419
to drag toward their own city and carry off glory."
ἄστυcityἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of πότιπότιtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionσφέτερονtheir ownσφέτερος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἄστυἐρύσαιto pullἐρύω · aorist active infinitiveobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀρέσθαιἀρέσθαιwinαἴρω · aorist middle infinitiveobject of καὶ - 420
And so in turn one of the great-hearted Trojans would cry:
Metre
ὣςδέτιςαὖΤρώων‖μεγαθύμωναὐδήσασκεν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to αὐδήσασκενδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτιςsomeoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of αὐδήσασκεναὖin turnαὖ · adverbsentence particleΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τιςμεγαθύμωνgreat-heartedμεγάθυμος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρώωναὐδήσασκενused to cryαὐδάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 421
"Friends, though it is our fate to be slain beside this man,
Metre
ὦφίλοιεἰκαὶμοῖρα‖παρἀνέριτῷδεδαμῆναι
ὦoὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleφίλοιfriendsφίλος · vocative plural masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headεἰthoughεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleμοῖραfateμοῖρα · nominative singular feminine nounpredicate nounπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionἀνέριmanἀνήρ · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to παῤτῷδεthisὅδε · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἀνέριδαμῆναιto be slainδαμάζω · aorist passive infinitivesubject - 422
all alike, let no man yet draw back from war."
Metre
πάνταςὁμῶςμήπώ‖τιςἐρωείτωπολέμοιο
πάνταςallπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectivesubject of δαμῆναιὁμῶςalikeὁμῶς · adverbadverbial to δαμῆναιμήlet notμή · adverbemphasizing particleπώyetπω · particleadverbial to ἐρωείτωτιςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐρωείτωἐρωείτωdraw backἐρωέω · present active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπολέμοιοfrom warπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐρωείτω - 423
So one would speak, and rouse the strength of every man.
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἴπεσκεἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτιςsomeoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἴπεσκεεἴπεσκεwould sayεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ὄρσασκενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὄρσασκενwould rouseὄρνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἑκάστουeach man'sἕκαστος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies μένος - 424
So they fought, and the iron din
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to μάρναντοοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of μάρναντομὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleμάρναντοfoughtμάρναμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbσιδήρειοςironσιδήρεος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὀρυμαγδὸςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὀρυμαγδὸςdinὀρυμαγδός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἷκε - 425
rose through the barren air to the bronze heaven.
Metre
χάλκεονοὐρανὸνἷκε‖διαἰθέροςἀτρυγέτοιο
χάλκεονbronzeχάλκεος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies οὐρανὸνοὐρανὸνto the skyοὐρανός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἷκεἷκεwent upἵκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδιthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionαἰθέροςairαἰθήρ · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to δἰἀτρυγέτοιοbarrenἀτρύγετος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies αἰθέρος - 426
But the horses of the son of Aeacus, apart from the battle,
ἵπποιhorsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of κλαῖονδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordΑἰακίδαοof Aeacus's sonΑἰακίδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἵπποιμάχηςfrom battleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀπάνευθενἀπάνευθενapart fromἀπάνευθε · prepositionprepositionἐόντεςbeingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to κλαῖον - 427
wept from the moment they learned that their charioteer
Metre
κλαῖονἐπεὶδὴπρῶτα‖πυθέσθηνἡνιόχοιο
κλαῖονwere weepingκλαίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴindeedδή · particleemphasizing particleπρῶταfirstπρότερος · accusative plural neuter superlative adjectiveadverbial to πυθέσθηνπυθέσθηνthey two learnedπυνθάνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verbadverbial to ἐπεὶἡνιόχοιοcharioteerἡνίοχος · genitive singular masculine nounsubject of πεσόντος - 428
had fallen in the dust beneath man-slaying Hector.
Metre
ἐνκονίῃσιπεσόντος‖ὑφἝκτοροςἀνδροφόνοιο
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionκονίῃσιthe dustκονία · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνπεσόντοςhad fallenπίπτω · aorist active participle, genitive singular masculineobject of πυθέσθηνὑφbyὑπό · prepositionprepositionἝκτοροςby HectorἝκτωρ · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to ὑφ̓ἀνδροφόνοιοman-slayingἀνδροφόνος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτορος - 429
Indeed Automedon, the valiant son of Diores,
Metre
ἦμὰνΑὐτομέδων‖Διώρεοςἄλκιμοςυἱὸς
ἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleμὰνsurelyμήν · particlesentence particleΑὐτομέδωνAutomedonΑὐτομέδων · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectΔιώρεοςDioresΔιώρης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸςἄλκιμοςvaliantἄλκιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱὸςυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 430
often lunged at them, striking with the swift whip,
Metre
πολλὰμὲνἂρμάστιγι‖θοῇἐπεμαίετοθείνων
πολλὰoftenπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐπεμαίετομὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἂρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleμάστιγιwith a whipμάστιξ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐπεμαίετοθοῇswiftθοός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μάστιγιἐπεμαίετοlunged at themἐπιμαίομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθείνωνstrikingθείνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐπεμαίετο - 431
often addressed them with coaxing words and often with threats;
Metre
πολλὰδὲμειλιχίοισι‖προσηύδαπολλὰἀρειῇ
πολλὰoftenπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to προσηύδαδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleμειλιχίοισιwith coaxing wordsμειλίχιος · dative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to προσηύδαπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπολλὰmany timesπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbialδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀρειῇwith threatsἀρειά · dative singular feminine nounadverbial - 432
but the two would neither go back to the ships on the broad Hellespont
Metre
τὼοὔτἂψἐπὶνῆας‖ἐπὶπλατὺνἙλλήσποντον
τὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of ἠθελέτηνδbutδέ · particlesentence particleἂψbackἄψ · adverbadverbial to ἰέναιἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπὶἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionπλατὺνbroadπλατύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἙλλήσποντονἙλλήσποντονHellespontἙλλήσποντος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπὶ - 433
nor go into war among the Achaeans,
Metre
ἠθελέτηνἰέναι‖οὔτἐςπόλεμονμετἈχαιούς
ἠθελέτηνwere willingἐθέλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbἰέναιto goεἶμι · present active infinitiveobject of τ̓ἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionπόλεμονwarπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐςμετamongμετά · prepositionprepositionἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to μετ̓ - 434
but as a grave-marker stands fixed upon the mound
Metre
ἀλλὥςτεστήλη‖μένειἔμπεδονἥἐπὶτύμβῳ
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordὥςasὡς · adverbadverbial to μένειτεandτε · particlesentence particleστήληmarkerστήλη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of μένειμένειremainsμένω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὣςἔμπεδονsteadfastἔμπεδος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to μένειἥwhichὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἑστήκῃτandτε · particlesentence particleἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionτύμβῳmoundτύμβος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐπὶ - 435
of a dead man or woman,
Metre
ἀνέροςἑστήκῃ‖τεθνηότοςἠὲγυναικός
ἀνέροςof a manἀνήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἠὲἑστήκῃstandsἵστημι · perfect active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing στήλητεθνηότοςdeadθνήσκω · perfect active participle, genitive singular masculinemodifies ἀνέροςἠὲorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordγυναικόςa womanγυνή · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἠὲ - 436
so they stood immovable, holding the beautiful chariot,
Metre
ὣςμένονἀσφαλέως‖περικαλλέαδίφρονἔχοντες
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to μένονμένονstoodμένω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀσφαλέωςimmovablyἀσφαλής · adverbadverbial to μένονπερικαλλέαsplendidπερικαλλής · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δίφρονδίφρονchariotδίφρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔχοντεςἔχοντεςholdingἔχω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to μένον - 437
their heads bowed to the ground; from their eyes
Metre
οὔδειἐνισκίμψαντε‖καρήαταδάκρυαδέσφι
οὔδειgroundοὖδας · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἐνισκίμψαντεἐνισκίμψαντεhaving bowedἐνσκίμπτω · aorist active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to μένονκαρήαταtheir headsκάρα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐνισκίμψαντεδάκρυαtearsδάκρυον · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of ῥέεδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσφιtheirσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to ῥέε - 438
hot tears ran down to earth as they mourned
Metre
θερμὰκατὰβλεφάρων‖χαμάδιςῥέεμυρομένοισιν
θερμὰhotθερμός · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δάκρυακατὰdown fromκατά · prepositionprepositionβλεφάρωνtheir eyelidsβλέφαρον · genitive plural neuter nounobject of κατὰχαμάδιςto the groundχαμάδις · adverbobject of ῥέεῥέεranῥέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμυρομένοισινweepingμύρω · present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculinecircumstantial complement - 439
in longing for their charioteer; their thick manes were fouled,
Metre
ἡνιόχοιοπόθῳ‖θαλερὴἐμιαίνετοχαίτη
ἡνιόχοιοtheir charioteerἡνίοχος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πόθῳπόθῳin longingπόθος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to μυρομένοισινθαλερὴthickθαλερός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χαίτηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐμιαίνετοwas stainedμιαίνω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχαίτηmaneχαίτη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐμιαίνετο - 440
streaming from the yoke-pad beside the yoke on either side.
Metre
ζεύγληςἐξεριποῦσα‖παρὰζυγὸνἀμφοτέρωθεν
ζεύγληςfrom the yoke-padζεύγλη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐξεριποῦσαἐξεριποῦσαstreaming downἐξερείπω · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἐμιαίνετοπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionζυγὸνyokeζυγόν · accusative singular neuter nounobject of παρὰἀμφοτέρωθενon either sideἀμφοτέρωθεν · adverbadverbial to ἐξεριποῦσα - 441
The son of Cronos saw the two mourning and pitied them;
Metre
μυρομένωἄρατώ‖γεἰδὼνἐλέησεΚρονίων
μυρομένωweepingμύρω · present medio-passive participle, accusative dual masculinemodifies τώδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτώthemὁ · accusative dual masculine pronounobject of ἐλέησεγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἰδὼνseeingεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐλέησεἐλέησεpitiedἐλεέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΚρονίωνthe son of CronosΚρονίων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐλέησε - 442
he shook his head and spoke to his own heart:
Metre
κινήσαςδὲκάρη‖προτὶὃνμυθήσατοθυμόν
κινήσαςhaving shakenκινέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μυθήσατοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκάρηheadκάρα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of κινήσαςπροτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionὃνhis ownἑός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμόνμυθήσατοspokeμυθέομαι · aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθυμόνspiritθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προτὶ - 443
"Poor creatures, why did we give you to lord Peleus,
Metre
ἆδειλώτίσφῶϊ‖δόμενΠηλῆϊἄνακτι
ἆahἆ · interjectionsentence particleδειλώpoor creaturesδειλός · vocative dual masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headτίwhyτίς · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to δόμενσφῶϊyou twoσύ · accusative dual masculine pronounobject of δόμενδόμενdid we giveδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbΠηλῆϊPeleusΠηλεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of δόμενἄνακτιlordἄναξ · dative singular masculine nounmodifies Πηλῆϊ - 444
a mortal, while you are ageless and immortal?
θνητῷmortalθνητός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Πηλῆϊὑμεῖςyou yourselvesσύ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐστὸνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐστὸνareεἰμί · present active indicative, 2nd dual verbmain verbἀγήρωagelessἀγήραος · nominative dual masculine adjectivepredicate nounτandτε · particlesentence particleἀθανάτωimmortalἀθάνατος · nominative dual masculine adjectivepredicate nounτεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 445
Was it so that among wretched men you too should have grief?
Metre
ἦἵναδυστήνοισι‖μετἀνδράσινἄλγεἔχητον
ἦwas itἦ · adverbsentence particleἵναso thatἵνα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδυστήνοισιwretchedδύστηνος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνδράσινμετamongμετά · prepositionprepositionἀνδράσινmenἀνήρ · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to μετ̓ἄλγεpainsἄλγος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔχητονἔχητονmight haveἔχω · present active subjunctive, 2nd dual verbadverbial to ἵνα - 446
For surely there is nothing more miserable than man
Metre
οὐμὲνγάρτίπούἐστιν‖ὀϊζυρώτερονἀνδρὸς
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτίanythingτις · nominative singular neuter pronounsubject of ἐστινπούperhapsπού · adverbsentence particleἐστινisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὀϊζυρώτερονmore miserableὀιζυρός · nominative singular neuter comparative adjectivepredicate nounἀνδρὸςthan manἀνήρ · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to ὀϊζυρώτερον - 447
among all things that breathe and crawl upon the earth.
Metre
πάντωνὅσσάτεγαῖαν‖ἔπιπνείειτεκαὶἕρπει
πάντωνof all thingsπᾶς · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies τίὅσσάwhateverὅσος · nominative plural neuter adjectivesubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleγαῖανearthγαῖα · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἔπιἔπιuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionπνείειbreathesπνέω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἕρπειcrawlsἕρπω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶ - 448
But Hector, son of Priam, shall never ride
Metre
ἀλλοὐμὰνὑμῖν‖γεκαὶἅρμασιδαιδαλέοισιν
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμὰνsurelyμήν · particlesentence particleὑμῖνby youσύ · dative plural pronounobject of καὶγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἅρμασιchariotsἅρμα · dative plural neuter nounobject of καὶδαιδαλέοισινrichly wroughtδαιδάλεος · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἅρμασι - 449
upon you and your cunningly wrought chariot; I will not allow it.
Metre
ἝκτωρΠριαμίδης‖ἐποχήσεταιοὐγὰρἐάσω
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐποχήσεταιΠριαμίδηςson of PriamΠριαμίδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἕκτωρἐποχήσεταιshall mountἐποχέομαι · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐάσωallowἐάω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 450
Is it not enough that he holds the armor and boasts in vain?
ἦis itἦ · adverbsentence particleοὐχnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἅλιςenoughἅλις · adverbpredicate nounὡςthatὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleτεύχεarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔχειἔχειhasἔχω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐπεύχεταιboastsἐπεύχομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbsubject of καὶαὔτωςin vainαὔτως · adverbadverbial to ἐπεύχεται - 451
I shall put strength into the knees and hearts of you two,
Metre
σφῶϊνἐνγούνεσσι‖βαλῶμένοςἠδἐνὶθυμῷ
σφῶϊνfor you twoσύ · dative dual masculine pronounadverbial to βαλῶδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionγούνεσσιkneesγόνυ · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἐνβαλῶshall putβάλλω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of βαλῶἠδandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionθυμῷheartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐνὶ - 452
so that you may bring Automedon safely out of battle
Metre
ὄφρακαὶΑὐτομέδοντα‖σαώσετονἐκπολέμοιο
ὄφραso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleΑὐτομέδονταAutomedonΑὐτομέδων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of σαώσετονσαώσετονmay saveσώζω · aorist active subjunctive, 2nd dual verbadverbial to ὄφραἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπολέμοιοbattleπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκ - 453
to the hollow ships. For still I shall grant the Trojans glory
Metre
νῆαςἔπιγλαφυράς‖ἔτιγάρσφισικῦδοςὀρέξω
νῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἔπιἔπιtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionγλαφυράςhollowγλαφυρός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςἔτιstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to ὀρέξωγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleσφισιto themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ὀρέξωκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ὀρέξωὀρέξωshall grantὀρέγω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 454
to kill until they reach the well-benched ships
Metre
κτείνεινεἰςὅκενῆας‖ἐϋσσέλμουςἀφίκωνται
κτείνεινto killκτείνω · present active infinitiveobject of ὀρέξωεἰςuntilεἰς · prepositionprepositionὅwhenὅς · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to καὶκεmayἄν · particlesentence particleνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἀφίκωνταιἐϋσσέλμουςwell-benchedεὔσελμος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςἀφίκωνταιthey reachἀφικνέομαι · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to καὶ - 455
and the sun goes down and sacred darkness comes on."
Metre
δύῃἠέλιος‖καὶἐπὶκνέφαςἱερὸνἔλθῃ
δύῃgoes downδύω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶτandτε · particlesentence particleἠέλιοςthe sunἠέλιος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δύῃκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐπὶoverἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleκνέφαςdarknessκνέφας · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔλθῃἱερὸνsacredἱερός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κνέφαςἔλθῃcomes onἔρχομαι · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶ - 456
So speaking, he breathed good strength into the horses.
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνἵπποισιν‖ἐνέπνευσενμένοςἠΰ
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνhaving spokenεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐνέπνευσενἵπποισινinto the horsesἵππος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐνέπνευσενἐνέπνευσενbreathedἐμπνέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐνέπνευσενἠΰgoodἐύς · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies μένος - 457
The two shook the dust from their manes to the ground
Metre
τὼἀπὸχαιτάων‖κονίηνοὖδαςδὲβαλόντε
τὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of φέρονδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionχαιτάωνtheir manesχαίτη · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἀπὸκονίηνthe dustκονία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of βαλόντεοὖδαςto the groundοὖδας · accusative singular neuter nounobject of βαλόντεδὲandδέ · particleemphasizing particleβαλόντεhaving shakenβάλλω · aorist active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to φέρον - 458
and swiftly bore the racing chariot among Trojans and Achaeans.
Metre
ῥίμφαφέρονθοὸνἅρμα‖μετὰΤρῶαςκαὶἈχαιούς
ῥίμφαswiftlyῥίμφα · adverbadverbial to φέρονφέρονcarriedφέρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbθοὸνswiftθοός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἅρμαἅρμαchariotἅρμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of φέρονμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionΤρῶαςTrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to καὶ - 459
Upon it Automedon fought, though grieving for his companion,
Metre
τοῖσιἐπΑὐτομέδων‖μάχετἀχνύμενόςπερἑταίρου
τοῖσιamong themὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of μάχετ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπupon itἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleΑὐτομέδωνAutomedonΑὐτομέδων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of μάχετ̓μάχετfoughtμάχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀχνύμενόςgrievingἀχεύω · present passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μάχετ̓περindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἑταίρουhis companionἑταῖρος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀχνύμενός - 460
darting with his horses like a vulture among geese;
Metre
ἵπποιςἀΐσσων‖ὥςαἰγυπιὸςμετὰχῆνας
ἵπποιςwith his horsesἵππος · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἀΐσσωνἀΐσσωνrushingἀίσσω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μάχετ̓ὥςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialτasτε · particlesentence particleαἰγυπιὸςvultureαἰγυπιός · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionχῆναςgeeseχήν · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to μετὰ - 461
for easily he would flee out from under the Trojan din,
ῥέαeasilyῥέα · adverbadverbial to φεύγεσκενμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleφεύγεσκενwould fleeφεύγω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὑπfrom underὑπό · prepositionprepositionἐκout fromἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ὀρυμαγδοῦὀρυμαγδοῦbattle-dinὀρυμαγδός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ὑπ̓ - 462
and easily charge back through the great throng in pursuit.
Metre
ῥεῖαἐπαΐξασκε‖πολὺνκαθὅμιλονὀπάζων
ῥεῖαeasilyῥεῖα · adverbadverbial to ἐπαΐξασκεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπαΐξασκεwould chargeἐπαίσσω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπολὺνgreatπολύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὅμιλονκαθthroughκατά · prepositionprepositionὅμιλονthe throngὅμιλος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to καθ̓ὀπάζωνpursuingὀπάζω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐπαΐξασκε - 463
But he killed no men when he rushed to chase them,
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleοὐχnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleᾕρειkilledαἱρέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφῶταςmenφώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ᾕρειὅτεwhenὅτε · adverbadverbial to σεύαιτοσεύαιτοwould rushσεύω · aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ᾕρειδιώκεινto pursueδιώκω · present active infinitiveobject of σεύαιτο - 464
for there was no way, alone in the sacred chariot,
Metre
οὐγάρπωςἦνοἶον‖ἐόνθἱερῷἐνὶδίφρῳ
οὐnotοὔπως · adverbemphasizing particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleπωςin any wayοὔπως · adverbemphasizing particleἦνwas possibleεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοἶονaloneοἶος · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐόνθbeingεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculineadverbial to καὶἱερῷsacredἱερός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δίφρῳἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionδίφρῳchariotδίφρος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνὶ - 465
both to press with the spear and hold the swift horses in check.
Metre
ἔγχειἐφορμᾶσθαι‖καὶἐπίσχεινὠκέαςἵππους
ἔγχειwith his spearἔγχος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐφορμᾶσθαιἐφορμᾶσθαιto attackἐφορμάω · present medio-passive infinitivesubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐπίσχεινto hold in checkἐπίσχω · present active infinitivesubject of καὶὠκέαςswiftὠκύς · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐπίσχειν - 466
At last a companion saw him with his own eyes,
Metre
ὀψὲδὲδήμινἑταῖρος‖ἀνὴρἴδενὀφθαλμοῖσιν
ὀψὲat lastὀψέ · adverbadverbial to ἴδενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδήindeedδή · particleemphasizing particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἴδενἑταῖροςcomradeἑταῖρος · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἀνὴρἀνὴρmanἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἴδενsawεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὀφθαλμοῖσινwith his eyesὀφθαλμός · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἴδεν - 467
Alcimedon, son of Laerces, son of Haemon;
Metre
Ἀλκιμέδωνυἱὸς‖ΛαέρκεοςΑἱμονίδαο
ἈλκιμέδωνAlcimedonἈλκιμέδων · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectΛαέρκεοςof LaercesΛαέρκης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸςΑἱμονίδαοson of HaemonΑἱμονίδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Λαέρκεος - 468
he stood behind the chariot and addressed Automedon:
Metre
στῆὄπιθενδίφροιο‖καὶΑὐτομέδονταπροσηύδα
στῆstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleὄπιθενbehindὄπισθεν · prepositionprepositionδίφροιοchariotδίφρος · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to ὄπιθενκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΑὐτομέδονταAutomedonΑὐτομέδων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προσηύδαπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 469
"Automedon, which of the gods has put a profitless plan
Metre
Αὐτόμεδοντίςτοί‖νυθεῶννηκερδέαβουλὴν
ΑὐτόμεδονAutomedonΑὐτομέδων · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headτίςwhichτίς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καὶτοίfor youτοι · particlesentence particleνυnowνῦν · adverbsentence particleθεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τίςνηκερδέαprofitlessνηκερδής · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies βουλὴνβουλὴνcounselβουλή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔθηκε - 470
in your breast and taken away your good sense?
Metre
ἐνστήθεσσινἔθηκε‖καὶἐξέλετοφρέναςἐσθλάς
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσινyour breastστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἐνἔθηκεputτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐξέλετοtook awayἐξαιρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφρέναςgood senseφρήν · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐξέλετοἐσθλάςgoodἐσθλός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies φρένας - 471
See how you fight the Trojans in the foremost throng,
Metre
οἷονπρὸςΤρῶας‖μάχεαιπρώτῳἐνὁμίλῳ
οἷονhowοἷος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to μάχεαιπρὸςagainstπρός · prepositionprepositionΤρῶαςTrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of πρὸςμάχεαιyou fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbπρώτῳforemostπρότερος · dative singular masculine superlative adjectivemodifies ὁμίλῳἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionὁμίλῳthrongὅμιλος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐν - 472
alone. Your companion has been killed, while Hector
Metre
μοῦνοςἀτάρτοιἑταῖρος‖ἀπέκτατοτεύχεαἝκτωρ
μοῦνοςaloneμόνος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀτάρyetἀτάρ · particlesentence particleτοιyourσύ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἀπέκτατοἑταῖροςcomradeἑταῖρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπέκτατοἀπέκτατοwas killedἀποκτείνω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτεύχεαarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔχωνδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀγάλλεται - 473
himself exults with the armor of the son of Aeacus upon his shoulders."
Metre
αὐτὸςἔχωνὤμοισιν‖ἀγάλλεταιΑἰακίδαο
αὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔχωνholdingἔχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀγάλλεταιὤμοισινon his shouldersὦμος · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἔχωνἀγάλλεταιexultsἀγάλλω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΑἰακίδαοof Aeacus's sonΑἰακίδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies τεύχεα - 474
Then Automedon, son of Diores, answered him:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτin turnαὖτε · adverbsentence particleΑὐτομέδωνAutomedonΑὐτομέδων · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectπροσέφηsaidπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΔιώρεοςDioresΔιώρης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱόςυἱόςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 475
"Alcimedon, what other Achaean is your equal
Metre
Ἀλκίμεδοντίςγάρ‖τοιἈχαιῶνἄλλοςὁμοῖος
ἈλκίμεδονAlcimedonἈλκιμέδων · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headτίςwhichτίς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτοιyourτοι · particlesentence particleἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τίςἄλλοςelseἄλλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τίςὁμοῖοςequalὅμοιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 476
in holding the immortal horses and mastering their strength,
Metre
ἵππωνἀθανάτων‖ἐχέμενδμῆσίντεμένοςτε
ἵππωνof horsesἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies δμῆσίνἀθανάτωνimmortalἀθάνατος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππωνἐχέμενto holdἔχω · present active infinitiveadverbial to ὁμοῖοςδμῆσίνcontrolδμῆσις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of τετεbothτε · particlesentence particleμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 477
except Patroclus, a counselor equal to the gods,
Metre
εἰμὴΠάτροκλος‖θεόφινμήστωρἀτάλαντος
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὴnotμή · particleemphasizing particleΠάτροκλοςPatroclusΠάτροκλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectθεόφινto the godsθεός · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀτάλαντοςμήστωρcounselorμήστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἀτάλαντοςequalἀτάλαντος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies μήστωρ - 478
while he lived? Now death and fate have overtaken him.
Metre
ζωὸςἐώννῦναὖ‖θάνατοςκαὶμοῖρακιχάνει
ζωὸςlivingζωός · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐώνbeingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbialνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to κιχάνειαὖin turnαὖ · adverbsentence particleθάνατοςdeathθάνατος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμοῖραfateμοῖρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶκιχάνειhas overtakenκιχάνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 479
But take the whip and the shining reins,
Metre
ἀλλὰσὺμὲνμάστιγα‖καὶἡνίασιγαλόεντα
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleσὺyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δέξαιμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleμάστιγαwhipμάστιξ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἡνίαthe reinsἡνία · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶσιγαλόενταshiningσιγαλόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἡνία - 480
and I shall dismount from the horses so that I may fight."
Metre
δέξαιἐγὼἵππων‖ἀποβήσομαιὄφραμάχωμαι
δέξαιacceptδέχομαι · aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀποβήσομαιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἵππωνfrom the horsesἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἀποβήσομαιἀποβήσομαιshall dismountἀποβαίνω · future middle indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbὄφραso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμάχωμαιI may fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to ὄφρα - 481
So he spoke, and Alcimedon sprang upon the war-helping chariot
Metre
ὣςἔφατἈλκιμέδων‖δὲβοηθόονἅρμἐπορούσας
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈλκιμέδωνAlcimedonἈλκιμέδων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of λάζετοδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleβοηθόονwar-helpingβοηθόος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἅρμ̓ἅρμchariotἅρμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐπορούσαςἐπορούσαςhaving sprung uponἐπορούω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to λάζετο - 482
and swiftly took whip and reins in his hands,
Metre
καρπαλίμωςμάστιγα‖καὶἡνίαλάζετοχερσίν
καρπαλίμωςswiftlyκαρπάλιμος · adverbadverbial to λάζετομάστιγαwhipμάστιξ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἡνίαthe reinsἡνία · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶλάζετοtook upλάζομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχερσίνwith his handsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to λάζετο - 483
while Automedon leapt down. Glorious Hector saw it
Metre
Αὐτομέδωνἀπόρουσε‖νόησεδὲφαίδιμοςἝκτωρ
ΑὐτομέδωνAutomedonΑὐτομέδων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπόρουσεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπόρουσεsprang downἀπορούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνόησεsawνοέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleφαίδιμοςgloriousφαίδιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of νόησε - 484
and at once called to Aeneas, who stood near:
Metre
αὐτίκαΑἰνείαν‖προσεφώνεενἐγγὺςἐόντα
αὐτίκαat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to προσεφώνεενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΑἰνείανAeneasΑἰνείας · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προσεφώνεενπροσεφώνεενcalled toπροσφωνέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐγγὺςnearbyἐγγύς · adverbadverbial to ἐόνταἐόνταbeingεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculinemodifies Αἰνείαν - 485
"Aeneas, counselor of the bronze-clad Trojans,
Metre
ΑἰνείαΤρώων‖βουληφόρεχαλκοχιτώνων
ΑἰνείαAeneasΑἰνείας · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies βουληφόρεβουληφόρεcounselorβουληφόρος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Αἰνείαχαλκοχιτώνωνbronze-cladχαλκοχίτων · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies Τρώων - 486
I see here the two horses of the swift-footed son of Aeacus
Metre
ἵππωτώδἐνόησα‖ποδώκεοςΑἰακίδαο
ἵππωhorsesἵππος · accusative dual masculine nounobject of ἐνόησατώδthese twoὅδε · accusative dual masculine pronounmodifies ἵππωἐνόησαI have seenνοέω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbποδώκεοςswift-footedποδώκης · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΑἰακίδαοΑἰακίδαοson of AeacusΑἰακίδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἵππω - 487
come forth into battle with worthless charioteers.
Metre
ἐςπόλεμονπροφανέντε‖σὺνἡνιόχοισικακοῖσι
ἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionπόλεμονwarπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐςπροφανέντεcome forthπροφαίνω · aorist passive participle, accusative dual masculinecircumstantial complementσὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionἡνιόχοισιcharioteersἡνίοχος · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to σὺνκακοῖσιworthlessκακός · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἡνιόχοισι - 488
I would hope that we might take them, if your own heart
Metre
τώκενἐελποίμην‖αἱρησέμενεἰσύγεθυμῷ
τώthemὁ · accusative dual masculine pronounobject of αἱρησέμενκενwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἐελποίμηνI would hopeἔλπω · present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verbmain verbαἱρησέμενto captureαἱρέω · future active infinitiveobject of ἐελποίμηνεἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionσύyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐθέλειςγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleθυμῷheartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐθέλεις - 489
is willing, since if we charge together, the two of them would not
Metre
σῷἐθέλειςἐπεὶοὐκ‖ἂνἐφορμηθέντεγενῶϊ
σῷyour ownσός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμῷἐθέλειςyou wishἐθέλω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to εἰἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἂνwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἐφορμηθέντεonce we attackἐφορμάω · aorist passive participle, accusative dual masculinecircumstantial complementγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleνῶϊwe twoἐγώ · accusative dual masculine pronounobject of τλαῖεν - 490
dare stand against us and fight face to face in war."
Metre
τλαῖενἐναντίβιον‖στάντεςμαχέσασθαιἌρηϊ
τλαῖενwould dareτλάω · aorist active optative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἐπεὶἐναντίβιονface to faceἐναντίβιος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to στάντεςστάντεςhaving stoodἵστημι · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to τλαῖενμαχέσασθαιto fightμάχομαι · aorist middle infinitiveadverbial to στάντεςἌρηϊin battleἌρης · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to μαχέσασθαι - 491
So he spoke, and the noble son of Anchises did not disobey.
Metre
ὣςἔφατοὐδἀπίθησεν‖ἐῢςπάϊςἈγχίσαο
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀπίθησενdisobeyedἀπιθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐῢςnobleἐύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πάϊςπάϊςsonπαῖς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπίθησενἈγχίσαοof AnchisesἈγχίσης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πάϊς - 492
The two went straight forward, their shoulders wrapped in oxhides
Metre
τὼἰθὺςβήτην‖βοέῃςεἰλυμένωὤμους
τὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of βήτηνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἰθὺςstraightἰθύς · adverbadverbial to βήτηνβήτηνwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbβοέῃςoxhidesβοείη · dative plural feminine nounobject of εἰλυμένωεἰλυμένωwrappedεἰλύω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to βήτηνὤμουςshouldersὦμος · accusative plural masculine nounadverbial to εἰλυμένω - 493
dry and tough, with much bronze hammered over them.
Metre
αὔῃσιστερεῇσι‖πολὺςἐπελήλατοχαλκός
αὔῃσιdryαὖος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies βοέῃςστερεῇσιtoughστερεός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies βοέῃςπολὺςmuchπολύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χαλκόςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπελήλατοhad been drivenἐπελαύνω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχαλκόςbronzeχαλκός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐπελήλατο - 494
With them went Chromius and godlike Aretus,
Metre
τοῖσιἅμαΧρομίος‖τεκαὶἌρητοςθεοειδὴς
τοῖσιwith themὁ · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to ἅμαδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἅμαwithἅμα · prepositionprepositionΧρομίοςChromiusΧρομίος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἌρητοςAretusἌρητος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶθεοειδὴςgodlikeθεοειδής · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἄρητος - 495
both together; and their hearts strongly hoped
Metre
ἤϊσανἀμφότεροι‖μάλαδέσφισινἔλπετοθυμὸς
ἤϊσανwentεἶμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀμφότεροιbothἀμφότερος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies καὶμάλαgreatlyμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleδέandδέ · particlesentence particleσφισινfor themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to ἔλπετοἔλπετοhopedἔλπω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθυμὸςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔλπετο - 496
to kill the two men and drive off the high-necked horses —
Metre
αὐτώτεκτενέειν‖ἐλάανἐριαύχεναςἵππους
αὐτώthe two menαὐτός · accusative dual masculine adjectiveobject of κτενέειντεandτε · particlesentence particleκτενέεινto killκτείνω · future active infinitiveobject of τ̓ἐλάανto driveἐλαύνω · present active infinitiveobject of τ̓τandτε · particlecoordinating wordἐριαύχεναςhigh-neckedἐριαύχην · accusative plural masculine nounmodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐλάαν - 497
fools, for they were not fated to return without blood
Metre
νήπιοιοὐδἄρἔμελλον‖ἀναιμωτίγενέεσθαι
νήπιοιfoolsνήπιος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔμελλονwere destinedμέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀναιμωτίwithout bloodshedἀναιμωτί · adverbadverbial to νέεσθαιγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleνέεσθαιto returnνέομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἔμελλον - 498
from Automedon. He prayed to father Zeus
Metre
αὖτιςἀπΑὐτομέδοντος‖ὃεὐξάμενοςΔιὶπατρὶ
αὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbadverbial to νέεσθαιἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionΑὐτομέδοντοςAutomedonΑὐτομέδων · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀπ̓ὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of πλῆτοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordεὐξάμενοςhaving prayedεὔχομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to πλῆτοΔιὶto ZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of εὐξάμενοςπατρὶfatherπατήρ · dative singular masculine nounmodifies Διὶ - 499
and filled the dark heart within him with valor and strength.
Metre
ἀλκῆςκαὶσθένεος‖πλῆτοφρέναςἀμφὶμελαίνας
ἀλκῆςvalorἀλκή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordσθένεοςstrengthσθένος · genitive singular neuter nounobject of καὶπλῆτοfilledπίμπλημι · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφρέναςhis heartφρήν · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἀμφὶἀμφὶwithinἀμφί · prepositionprepositionμελαίναςdarkμέλας · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies φρένας - 500
At once he addressed Alcimedon, his trusted companion:
Metre
αὐτίκαἈλκιμέδοντα‖προσηύδαπιστὸνἑταῖρον
αὐτίκαat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to προσηύδαδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἈλκιμέδονταAlcimedonἈλκιμέδων · accusative singular masculine nounobjectπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπιστὸνtrustyπιστός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἑταῖρονἑταῖρονcompanionἑταῖρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject - 501
"Alcimedon, do not hold the horses far from me,
Metre
Ἀλκίμεδονμὴδή‖μοιἀπόπροθενἰσχέμενἵππους
ἈλκίμεδονAlcimedonἈλκιμέδων · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headμὴdo notμή · particleemphasizing particleδήindeedδή · particlesentence particleμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἰσχέμενἀπόπροθενfar awayἀπόπροθε · adverbadverbial to ἰσχέμενἰσχέμενholdἴσχω · present active infinitivemain verbἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἰσχέμεν - 502
but keep them breathing hard upon my back. For I do not think
Metre
ἀλλὰμάλἐμπνείοντε‖μεταφρένῳοὐγὰρἔγωγε
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordμάλcloseμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleἐμπνείοντεbreathingἐμπνέω · present active participle, accusative dual masculinecircumstantial complementμεταφρένῳon my backμετάφρενον · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἐμπνείοντεοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἔγωγεI myselfἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ὀΐω - 503
Hector, son of Priam, will hold back from his fury
Metre
ἝκτοραΠριαμίδην‖μένεοςσχήσεσθαιὀΐω
ἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounsubject of σχήσεσθαιΠριαμίδηνson of PriamΠριαμίδης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἕκτοραμένεοςfrom his furyμένος · genitive singular neuter nounobject of σχήσεσθαισχήσεσθαιwill restrain himselfἔχω · future middle infinitiveobject of ὀΐωὀΐωI thinkοἴομαι · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 504
until he mounts Achilles' lovely-maned horses
Metre
πρίνἐπἈχιλλῆος‖καλλίτριχεβήμεναιἵππω
πρίνuntilπρίν · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionἈχιλλῆοςof AchillesἈχιλλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἵππωκαλλίτριχεlovely-manedκαλλίθριξ · accusative dual masculine nounmodifies ἵππωβήμεναιto mountβαίνω · aorist active infinitiveadverbial to τεἵππωhorsesἵππος · accusative dual masculine nounobject of ἐπ̓ - 505
after killing us two, and routs the ranks
Metre
νῶϊκατακτείναντα‖φοβῆσαίτεστίχαςἀνδρῶν
νῶϊus twoἐγώ · accusative dual masculine pronounobject of κατακτείναντακατακτείνανταafter killingκατακτείνω · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculineadverbial to βήμεναιφοβῆσαίto routφοβέω · aorist active infinitiveadverbial to τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordστίχαςranksστίξ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of φοβῆσαίἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies στίχας - 506
of the Argives — or he himself is taken among the foremost."
Metre
Ἀργείωνἤαὐτὸς‖ἐνὶπρώτοισινἁλοίη
Ἀργείωνof the ArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνδρῶνἤorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκwouldἄν · particlesentence particleαὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionπρώτοισινthe front ranksπρότερος · dative plural masculine superlative adjectiveadverbial to ἐνὶἁλοίηmight be takenἁλίσκομαι · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἤ - 507
So he spoke, and called to the two Ajaxes and Menelaus:
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνΑἴαντε‖καλέσσατοκαὶΜενέλαον
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνhaving spokenεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to καλέσσατοΑἴαντεAjaxesΑἴας · accusative dual masculine nounobject of καὶκαλέσσατοcalledκαλέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΜενέλαονMenelausΜενέλαος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶ - 508
"You two Ajaxes, leaders of the Argives, and Menelaus,
Metre
ΑἴαντἈργείων‖ἡγήτορεκαὶΜενέλαε
Αἴαντtwo AjaxesΑἴας · vocative dual masculine noungoverned by an elided headἈργείωνof the ArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἡγήτορεἡγήτορεtwo leadersἡγήτωρ · vocative dual masculine noungoverned by an elided headκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΜενέλαεMenelausΜενέλαος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided head - 509
leave the corpse to those who are best
Metre
ἤτοιμὲντὸννεκρὸν‖ἐπιτράπεθοἵπερἄριστοι
ἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleτὸνtheὁ · accusative singular masculine articlemodifies νεκρὸννεκρὸνcorpseνεκρός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπιτράπεθ̓ἐπιτράπεθentrustἐπιτρέπω · aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbοἵthose whoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubjectπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἄριστοιbestἄριστος · nominative plural masculine superlative adjectivepredicate noun - 510
at standing around it and beating back the ranks of men,
Metre
ἀμφαὐτῷβεβάμεν‖καὶἀμύνεσθαιστίχαςἀνδρῶν
ἀμφaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionαὐτῷitαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἀμφ̓βεβάμενto standβαίνω · perfect active infinitiveobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀμύνεσθαιto beat backἀμύνω · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of καὶστίχαςranksστίξ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἀμύνεσθαιἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies στίχας - 511
and from the two of us, still alive, ward off the pitiless day.
Metre
νῶϊνδὲζωοῖσιν‖ἀμύνετενηλεὲςἦμαρ
νῶϊνfrom us twoἐγώ · dative dual masculine pronounobject of ἀμύνετεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordζωοῖσινwhile aliveζωός · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies νῶϊνἀμύνετεward offἀμύνω · present active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbνηλεὲςpitilessνηλής · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦμαρἦμαρdayἦμαρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀμύνετε - 512
For this way, through tearful war, they have borne down hard,
Metre
τῇδεγὰρἔβρισαν‖πόλεμονκάταδακρυόεντα
τῇδεthis wayτῇδε · adverbadverbial to ἔβρισανγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἔβρισανhave pressed hardβρίθω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπόλεμονwarπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to κάτακάταthroughκατά · prepositionprepositionδακρυόενταtearfulδακρυόεις · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πόλεμον - 513
Hector and Aeneas, who are the best of the Trojans.
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of θ̓ΑἰνείαςAeneasΑἰνείας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of θ̓θandτε · particlecoordinating wordοἳwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of εἰσὶνΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἄριστοιεἰσὶνareεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing θ̓ἄριστοιbestἄριστος · nominative plural masculine superlative adjectivepredicate noun - 514
Yet these things lie upon the knees of the gods.
Metre
ἀλλἤτοιμὲνταῦτα‖θεῶνἐνγούνασικεῖται
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleταῦταthese thingsοὗτος · nominative plural neuter adjectivesubject of κεῖταιθεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies γούνασιἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionγούνασιkneesγόνυ · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐνκεῖταιliesκεῖμαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 515
I too will cast, and Zeus shall care for all the rest."
Metre
ἥσωγὰρκαὶἐγώ‖τὰδέκενΔιὶπάνταμελήσει
ἥσωI shall castἵημι · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἐγώIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἥσωτὰthe restὁ · nominative plural neuter pronounsubject of μελήσειδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκενwouldἄν · particlesentence particleΔιὶfor ZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of μελήσειπάνταallπᾶς · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τὰμελήσειwill concernμέλω · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 516
So he spoke, and poising it, hurled his long-shadowed spear,
Metre
ἦῥακαὶἀμπεπαλὼν‖προΐειδολιχόσκιονἔγχος
ἦso he spokeἠμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbῥαso, indeedἄρα · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἀμπεπαλὼνhaving poised itἀναπάλλω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προΐειπροΐειhurledπροίημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδολιχόσκιονlong-shadowedδολιχόσκιος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of προΐει - 517
and struck the shield of Aretus, round on every side;
Metre
καὶβάλενἈρήτοιο‖κατἀσπίδαπάντοσἐΐσην
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordβάλενstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈρήτοιοof AretusἌρητος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἀσπίδακατagainstκατά · prepositionprepositionἀσπίδαshieldἀσπίς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of κατ̓πάντοσon every sideπάντοσε · adverbadverbial to ἐΐσηνἐΐσηνroundἴσος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀσπίδα - 518
the shield did not hold the spear, but the bronze passed clean through
Metre
ἣοὐκἔγχοςἔρυτο‖διὰπρὸδὲεἴσατοχαλκός
ἣitὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἔρυτοδandδέ · particlesentence particleοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔρυτοἔρυτοheld backῥύομαι · aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδιὰthroughδιά · adverbadverbial to εἴσατοπρὸforwardπρό · adverbemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleεἴσατοpassedεἶμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχαλκόςbronzeχαλκός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εἴσατο - 519
and drove through the belt into the bottom of his belly.
Metre
νειαίρῃἐνγαστρὶ‖διὰζωστῆροςἔλασσεν
νειαίρῃlowerνείαιρα · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies γαστρὶδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνintoἐν · prepositionprepositionγαστρὶbellyγαστήρ · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐνδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionζωστῆροςbeltζωστήρ · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to διὰἔλασσενdroveἐλαύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 520
As when a vigorous man with a sharp axe
Metre
ὡςὅτἂνὀξὺνἔχων‖πέλεκυναἰζήϊοςἀνὴρ
ὡςasὡς · adverbemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅτwhenὅτε · adverbadverbial to δὲἂνwouldἄν · particlesentence particleὀξὺνsharpὀξύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πέλεκυνἔχωνholdingἔχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to τάμῃπέλεκυνaxeπέλεκυς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔχωναἰζήϊοςvigorousαἰζηός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνὴρἀνὴρmanἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τάμῃ - 521
strikes behind the horns of a field-ranging ox
Metre
κόψαςἐξόπιθεν‖κεράωνβοὸςἀγραύλοιο
κόψαςhaving struckκόπτω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to τάμῃἐξόπιθενbehindἐξόπιθεν · prepositionprepositionκεράωνthe hornsκέρας · genitive plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐξόπιθενβοὸςof an oxβοῦς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κεράωνἀγραύλοιοfield-dwellingἄγραυλος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies βοὸς - 522
and cuts the sinew through, and the ox leaps forward and falls,
Metre
ἶνατάμῃδιὰπᾶσαν‖ὃδὲπροθορὼνἐρίπῃσιν
ἶναsinewἴς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of διὰτάμῃcutsτέμνω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δὲδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionπᾶσανentireπᾶς · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἶναὃitὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐρίπῃσινδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπροθορὼνspringing forwardπροθρώσκω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐρίπῃσινἐρίπῃσινfallsἐρείπω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δὲ - 523
so he leapt forward and fell on his back; within him the spear,
Metre
ὣςἄρὅγεπροθορὼν‖πέσενὕπτιοςἐνδέοἱἔγχος
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to πέσενἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of πέσενγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleπροθορὼνspringing forwardπροθρώσκω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to πέσενπέσενfellπίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὕπτιοςon his backὕπτιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱwithin himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to λύεἔγχοςspearἔγχος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of λύε - 524
keenly quivering among his bowels, unstrung his limbs.
Metre
νηδυίοισιμάλὀξὺ‖κραδαινόμενονλύεγυῖα
νηδυίοισιamong the bowelsνήδυια · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐνμάλkeenlyμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleὀξὺkeenὀξύς · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςκραδαινόμενονquiveringκραδαίνω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuteradverbial to λύελύεunstrungλύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγυῖαlimbsγυῖον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of λύε - 525
Then Hector cast his shining spear at Automedon;
Metre
ἝκτωρΑὐτομέδοντος‖ἀκόντισεδουρὶφαεινῷ
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀκόντισεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΑὐτομέδοντοςat AutomedonΑὐτομέδων · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀκόντισεἀκόντισεcast atἀκοντίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδουρὶwith his spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἀκόντισεφαεινῷshiningφαεινός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δουρὶ - 526
But he, seeing it before him, avoided the bronze spear;
Metre
ἀλλὃμὲνἄνταἰδὼν‖ἠλεύατοχάλκεονἔγχος
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἠλεύατομὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἄνταbefore himἄντα · adverbobject of ἰδὼνἰδὼνhaving seenεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἠλεύατοἠλεύατοavoidedἀλέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχάλκεονbronzeχάλκεος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἠλεύατο - 527
by stooping forward; behind him the long spear
Metre
πρόσσωγὰρκατέκυψε‖τὸἐξόπιθενδόρυμακρὸν
πρόσσωforwardπρόσω · adverbadverbial to κατέκυψεγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleκατέκυψεstooped forwardκατακύπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτὸtheὁ · nominative singular neuter articlemodifies δόρυδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐξόπιθενbehindἐξόπιθεν · adverbadverbial to ἐνισκίμφθηδόρυspearδόρυ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἐνισκίμφθημακρὸνlongμακρός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δόρυ - 528
planted itself in the ground, and the butt of the spear quivered;
Metre
οὔδειἐνισκίμφθη‖ἐπὶοὐρίαχοςπελεμίχθη
οὔδειgroundοὖδας · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἐνισκίμφθηἐνισκίμφθηplanted itselfἐνσκίμπτω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπὶon itἐπί · prepositionsentence particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὐρίαχοςthe butt-endοὐρίαχος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πελεμίχθηπελεμίχθηquiveredπελεμίζω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 529
and there at last mighty Ares loosed its force.
Metre
ἔγχεοςἔνθαἔπειτ‖ἀφίειμένοςὄβριμοςἌρης
ἔγχεοςof the spearἔγχος · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies οὐρίαχοςἔνθαthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἀφίειδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔπειτat lastἔπειτα · adverbsentence particleἀφίειreleasedἀφίημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀφίειὄβριμοςmightyὄβριμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἌρηςἌρηςAresἌρης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀφίει - 530
And now the two would have rushed together with swords at close quarters,
Metre
καίνύκεδὴξιφέεσσ‖αὐτοσχεδὸνὁρμηθήτην
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνύnowνῦν · adverbsentence particleκεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleξιφέεσσwith swordsξίφος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ὁρμηθήτηναὐτοσχεδὸνat close quartersαὐτοσχεδόν · adverbadverbial to ὁρμηθήτηνὁρμηθήτηνwould have chargedὁρμάω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verb - 531
had not the two Ajaxes, eager for battle, parted them,
Metre
εἰμήσφωΑἴαντε‖διέκρινανμεμαῶτε
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμήnotμή · adverbemphasizing particleσφωthem twoσφεῖς · accusative dual masculine pronounobject of διέκρινανΑἴαντεthe two AjaxesΑἴας · nominative dual masculine nounsubject of διέκρινανδιέκρινανhad separatedδιακρίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to εἰμεμαῶτεeager for battleμέμαα · perfect active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to διέκριναν - 532
coming through the press at their comrade's call.
Metre
οἵἦλθονκαθὅμιλον‖ἑταίρουκικλήσκοντος
οἵwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἦλθονῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἦλθονcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing σφὠκαθthroughκατά · prepositionprepositionὅμιλονthe throngὅμιλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καθ̓ἑταίρουtheir comradeἑταῖρος · genitive singular masculine nounsubject of κικλήσκοντοςκικλήσκοντοςcallingκικλήσκω · present active participle, genitive singular masculineadverbial to ἦλθον - 533
In fear of them, they gave ground again,
Metre
τοὺςὑποταρβήσαντες‖ἐχώρησανπάλιναὖτις
τοὺςthemὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ὑποταρβήσαντεςὑποταρβήσαντεςtaking frightὑποταρβέω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐχώρησανἐχώρησανwithdrewχωρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπάλινbackπάλιν · adverbadverbial to ἐχώρησαναὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbadverbial to ἐχώρησαν - 534
Hector and Aeneas and godlike Chromius,
Metre
ἝκτωρΑἰνείας‖ἠδὲΧρομίοςθεοειδής
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠδὲΑἰνείαςAeneasΑἰνείας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠδὲτandτε · particlesentence particleἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordΧρομίοςChromiusΧρομίος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠδὲθεοειδήςgodlikeθεοειδής · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Χρομίος - 535
and left Aretus lying where he was, his heart torn open.
Metre
Ἄρητονδὲκαταὖθι‖λίπονδεδαϊγμένονἦτορ
ἌρητονAretusἌρητος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of λίπονδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκατthere on the groundκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleαὖθιthereαὖθι · adverbadverbial to λίπονλίπονleftλείπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδεδαϊγμένονwith heart tornδαίζω · perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἦτορheartἦτορ · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to δεδαϊγμένον - 536
But Automedon, the equal of swift Ares,
Metre
κείμενονΑὐτομέδων‖δὲθοῷἀτάλαντοςἌρηϊ
κείμενονlyingκεῖμαι · present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementΑὐτομέδωνAutomedonΑὐτομέδων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleθοῷswiftθοός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἄρηϊἀτάλαντοςthe equalἀτάλαντος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΑὐτομέδωνἌρηϊAresἌρης · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἀτάλαντος - 537
stripped off his armor and spoke a word of triumph:
τεύχεάarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐξενάριξετandτε · particlesentence particleἐξενάριξεstripped offἐξεναρίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordεὐχόμενοςboastingεὔχομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ηὔδαἔποςwordἔπος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ηὔδαηὔδαspokeαὐδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 538
"Now at last I have eased my heart a little of its grief
Metre
ἦδὴμὰνὀλίγον‖γεΜενοιτιάδαοθανόντος
ἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleδὴindeedδή · particleemphasizing particleμὰνsurelyμήν · particlesentence particleὀλίγονa littleὀλίγος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to μεθέηκαγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleΜενοιτιάδαοMenoetius's sonΜενοιτιάδης · genitive singular masculine nounsubject of θανόντοςθανόντοςhaving diedθνήσκω · aorist active participle, genitive singular masculineadverbial to μεθέηκα - 539
for the death of Menoetius' son, though I killed a lesser man."
Metre
κῆρἄχεοςμεθέηκα‖χερείονάπερκαταπέφνων
κῆρmy heartκῆρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of μεθέηκαἄχεοςof griefἄχος · genitive singular neuter nounobject of μεθέηκαμεθέηκαI have relievedμεθίημι · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbχερείονάa lesser manχερείων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καταπέφνωνπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particleκαταπέφνωνhaving killedκατέπεφνον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μεθέηκα - 540
So he spoke, took up the bloodied spoils, and set them
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνἐςδίφρον‖ἑλὼνἔναραβροτόεντα
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνhaving spokenεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to θῆκ̓ἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionδίφρονthe chariotδίφρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐςἑλὼνhaving seizedαἱρέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to θῆκ̓ἔναραthe spoilsἔναρα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἑλὼνβροτόενταbloodstainedβροτόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔναρα - 541
in the chariot; then he mounted, his feet and hands above
Metre
θῆκἂναὐτὸςἔβαινε‖πόδαςκαὶχεῖραςὕπερθεν
θῆκsetτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἂνupἀνά · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔβαινεmountedβαίνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπόδαςfeetπούς · accusative plural masculine nounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordχεῖραςhandsχείρ · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to καὶὕπερθενaboveὕπερθεν · adverbmodifies χεῖρας - 542
all bloody, like a lion that has devoured a bull.
Metre
αἱματόειςὥςτίς‖τελέωνκατὰταῦρονἐδηδώς
αἱματόειςbloodyαἱματόεις · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementὥςlikeὡς · adverbpredicate nounτίςsomeτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies λέωντεasτε · particlesentence particleλέωνa lionλέων · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectκατὰcompletelyκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleταῦρονa bullταῦρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐδηδώςἐδηδώςhaving devouredἔδω · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial - 543
Again over Patroclus the grim battle was stretched tight,
Metre
ἂψἐπὶΠατρόκλῳ‖τέτατοκρατερὴὑσμίνη
ἂψagainἄψ · adverbadverbial to τέτατοδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionΠατρόκλῳPatroclusΠάτροκλος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐπὶτέτατοhad been stretchedτείνω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκρατερὴharshκρατερός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ὑσμίνηὑσμίνηbattleὑσμίνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τέτατο - 544
hard and full of tears; and Athena roused the strife,
Metre
ἀργαλέηπολύδακρυς‖ἔγειρεδὲνεῖκοςἈθήνη
ἀργαλέηhardἀργαλέος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ὑσμίνηπολύδακρυςtearfulπολύδακρυς · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ὑσμίνηἔγειρεstirredἐγείρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordνεῖκοςstrifeνεῖκος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔγειρεἈθήνηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔγειρε - 545
coming down from heaven, for wide-thundering Zeus had sent her
Metre
οὐρανόθενκαταβᾶσα‖προῆκεγὰρεὐρύοπαΖεὺς
οὐρανόθενfrom heavenοὐρανόθεν · adverbobject of καταβᾶσακαταβᾶσαhaving descendedκαταβαίνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἔγειρεπροῆκεhad sentπροίημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleεὐρύοπαwide-thunderingεὐρύοπα · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΖεὺςΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προῆκε - 546
to spur the Danaans on, since now his purpose had turned.
Metre
ὀρνύμεναιΔαναούς‖δὴγὰρνόοςἐτράπεταὐτοῦ
ὀρνύμεναιto rouseὄρνυμι · present active infinitiveadverbial to προῆκεΔαναούςDanaansΔαναοί · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ὀρνύμεναιδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleνόοςpurposeνόος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐτράπετ̓ἐτράπετhad turnedτρέπω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαὐτοῦhisαὐτός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies νόος - 547
As when Zeus stretches a purple rainbow for mortals
Metre
ἠΰτεπορφυρέην‖ἶρινθνητοῖσιτανύσσῃ
ἠΰτεasἠύτε · particleadverbial to τανύσσῃπορφυρέηνpurpleπορφύρεος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἶρινἶρινrainbowἾρις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of τανύσσῃθνητοῖσιfor mortalsθνητός · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to τανύσσῃτανύσσῃstretchesτανύω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὣς - 548
from heaven, a sign of war
Metre
Ζεὺςἐξοὐρανόθεν‖τέραςἔμμεναιἢπολέμοιο
ΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τανύσσῃἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionοὐρανόθενfrom heavenοὐρανόθεν · adverbobject of ἐξτέραςas a signτέρας · accusative singular neuter nounpredicate nounἔμμεναιto serveεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of τανύσσῃἢorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleπολέμοιοof warπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἢ - 549
or of a bitter, chilling storm, which brings men
Metre
ἢκαὶχειμῶνος‖δυσθαλπέοςὅςῥάτεἔργων
ἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleχειμῶνοςwinter stormχειμών · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἢδυσθαλπέοςbitterly coldδυσθαλπής · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies χειμῶνοςὅςwhichὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀνέπαυσενῥάindeedἄρα · particlesentence particleτεtypicallyτε · particlesentence particleἔργωνfrom workἔργον · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἀνέπαυσεν - 550
to rest from their work upon the earth and afflicts the flocks,
Metre
ἀνθρώπουςἀνέπαυσεν‖ἐπὶχθονίμῆλαδὲκήδει
ἀνθρώπουςmenἄνθρωπος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἀνέπαυσενἀνέπαυσενstopsἀναπαύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δὲἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionχθονίon earthχθών · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐπὶμῆλαflocksμῆλον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of κήδειδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκήδειafflictsκήδω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δὲ - 551
so she wrapped herself in a purple cloud
Metre
ὣςἣπορφυρέῃ‖νεφέλῃπυκάσασαἓαὐτὴν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to δύσετ̓ἣsheὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of δύσετ̓πορφυρέῃpurpleπορφύρεος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νεφέλῃνεφέλῃin a cloudνεφέλη · dative singular feminine nounobject of πυκάσασαπυκάσασαhaving wrappedπυκάζω · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to δύσετ̓ἓherselfἕ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of πυκάσασααὐτὴνherselfαὐτός · accusative singular feminine adjectiveemphasizing particle - 552
and entered the Achaean host, rousing man after man.
Metre
δύσετἈχαιῶνἔθνος‖ἔγειρεδὲφῶταἕκαστον
δύσετenteredδύω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἔθνοςἔθνοςthrongἔθνος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of δύσετ̓ἔγειρεwas rousingἐγείρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordφῶταeach manφώς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔγειρεἕκαστονeveryἕκαστος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies φῶτα - 553
First she addressed the mighty son of Atreus, urging on
πρῶτονfirstπρότερος · accusative singular neuter superlative adjectiveadverbial to προσηύδαδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἈτρέοςof AtreusἈτρεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἐποτρύνουσαurgesἐποτρύνω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to προσηύδαπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 554
Menelaus, for he was standing near her,
Metre
ἴφθιμονΜενέλαον‖ὃγάρῥάοἱἐγγύθενἦεν
ἴφθιμονmightyἴφθιμος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαονΜενέλαονMenelausΜενέλαος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἦενγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleῥάthenἄρα · particlesentence particleοἱfor herἕ · dative singular feminine pronounadverbial to ἐγγύθενἐγγύθενnearἐγγύθεν · adverbpredicate nounἦενwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 555
in the likeness of Phoenix, in body and tireless voice:
Metre
εἰσαμένηΦοίνικι‖δέμαςκαὶἀτειρέαφωνήν
εἰσαμένηlikening herselfεἴδομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminineadverbialΦοίνικιPhoenixΦοῖνιξ · dative singular masculine nounobject of εἰσαμένηδέμαςformδέμας · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀτειρέαuntiringἀτειρής · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies φωνήνφωνήνvoiceφωνή · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to καὶ - 556
"Menelaus, shame and disgrace will fall on you
Metre
σοὶμὲνδὴΜενέλαε‖κατηφείηκαὶὄνειδος
σοὶto youσύ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἔσσεταιμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleΜενέλαεMenelausΜενέλαος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headκατηφείηshameκατήφεια · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὄνειδοςreproachὄνειδος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of καὶ - 557
if swift dogs beneath Troy's wall drag off
Metre
ἔσσεταιεἴἈχιλῆος‖ἀγαυοῦπιστὸνἑταῖρον
ἔσσεταιwill beεἰμί · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκshouldἄν · particlesentence particleἈχιλῆοςof AchillesἈχιλλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἑταῖρονἀγαυοῦgloriousἀγαυός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχιλῆοςπιστὸνtrustyπιστός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἑταῖρονἑταῖρονcompanionἑταῖρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἑλκήσουσιν - 558
the trusted companion of glorious Achilles.
τείχειwallτεῖχος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ὕποὕποbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τείχειταχέεςswiftταχύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies κύνεςκύνεςdogsκύων · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἑλκήσουσινἑλκήσουσινthey may dragἑλκέω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to εἴ - 559
But hold fast with all your strength, and urge the whole host."
Metre
ἀλλἔχεοκρατερῶς‖ὄτρυνεδὲλαὸνἅπαντα
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἔχεοhold fastἔχω · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbκρατερῶςwith all your strengthκρατερός · adverbadverbial to ἔχεοὄτρυνεurge onὀτρύνω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordλαὸνhostλαός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὄτρυνεἅπανταwholeἅπας · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies λαὸν - 560
Then Menelaus, good at the war-cry, answered her:
Metre
τὴναὖτεπροσέειπε‖βοὴνἀγαθὸςΜενέλαος
τὴνherὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of προσέειπεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτεin turnαὖτε · adverbsentence particleπροσέειπεaddressedπροσεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβοὴνat the war-cryβοή · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀγαθὸςἀγαθὸςgoodἀγαθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαοςΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέειπε - 561
"Father Phoenix, ancient elder, if only Athena
Metre
Φοῖνιξἄτταγεραιὲ‖παλαιγενέςεἰγὰρἈθήνη
ΦοῖνιξPhoenixφοῖνιξ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἄτταfatherἄττα · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies Φοῖνιξγεραιὲelderγεραιός · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Φοῖνιξπαλαιγενέςagedπαλαιγενής · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies γεραιὲεἰif onlyεἰ · interjectionsentence particleγὰρonlyγάρ · particleemphasizing particleἈθήνηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of δοίη - 562
would give me strength and hold back the rush of missiles.
Metre
δοίηκάρτοςἐμοί‖βελέωνἀπερύκοιἐρωήν
δοίηwould giveδίδωμι · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκάρτοςstrengthκάρτος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of δοίηἐμοίto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of δοίηβελέωνof missilesβέλος · genitive plural neuter nounmodifies ἐρωήνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπερύκοιmight ward offἀπερύκω · present active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐρωήνonrushἐρωή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀπερύκοι - 563
Then I would gladly stand beside Patroclus
Metre
τώκενἔγωγἐθέλοιμι‖παρεστάμεναικαὶἀμύνειν
τώthereforeτῷ · adverbsentence particleκενwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἔγωγIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐθέλοιμιἐθέλοιμιwould wishἐθέλω · present active optative, 1st singular verbmain verbπαρεστάμεναιto stand besideπαρίστημι · perfect active infinitiveobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀμύνεινto defendἀμύνω · present active infinitiveobject of καὶ - 564
and defend him, for his death has struck deep into my heart.
Metre
Πατρόκλῳμάλαγάρ‖μεθανὼνἐσεμάσσατοθυμόν
Πατρόκλῳbeside PatroclusΠάτροκλος · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶμάλαdeeplyμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleμεmyἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐσεμάσσατοθανὼνby dyingθνήσκω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐσεμάσσατοἐσεμάσσατοstruck deepεἰσμαίομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθυμόνmy heartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐσεμάσσατο - 565
But Hector has the dread fury of fire and never ceases
Metre
ἀλλἝκτωρπυρὸςαἰνὸν‖ἔχειμένοςοὐδἀπολήγει
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔχειπυρὸςof fireπῦρ · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies μένοςαἰνὸνdreadαἰνός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies μένοςἔχειhasἔχω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμένοςfuryμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔχειἀπολήγειceasesἀπολήγω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 566
laying waste with bronze, for Zeus grants him glory."
Metre
χαλκῷδηϊόων‖τῷγὰρΖεὺςκῦδοςὀπάζει
χαλκῷwith bronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to δηϊόωνδηϊόωνlaying wasteδηιόω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineobject of ἀπολήγειτῷto himὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ὀπάζειγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὀπάζεικῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ὀπάζειὀπάζειgrantsὀπάζω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 567
So he spoke, and the goddess bright-eyed Athena rejoiced,
Metre
ὣςφάτογήθησεν‖δὲθεὰγλαυκῶπιςἈθήνη
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάτοφάτοhe spokeφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγήθησενrejoicedγηθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordθεὰgoddessθεά · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectγλαυκῶπιςbright-eyedγλαυκῶπις · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἈθήνηἈθήνηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject - 568
because he had prayed to her first of all the gods.
Metre
ὅττίῥάοἱπάμπρωτα‖θεῶνἠρήσατοπάντων
ὅττίbecauseὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionῥάthenἄρα · particlesentence particleοἱto herἕ · dative singular feminine pronounobject of ἠρήσατοπάμπρωταbefore all othersπάμπρωτος · accusative plural neuter superlative adjectiveadverbial to ἠρήσατοθεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies πάμπρωταἠρήσατοhad prayedἀράομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅττίπάντωνof allπᾶς · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεῶν - 569
She put strength into his shoulders and knees,
Metre
ἐνδὲβίηνὤμοισι‖καὶἐνγούνεσσινἔθηκε
ἐνintoἐν · prepositionprepositionδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleβίηνstrengthβία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔθηκεὤμοισιhis shouldersὦμος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐνκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionγούνεσσινkneesγόνυ · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἐνἔθηκεputτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 570
and set in his breast the daring of a fly,
Metre
καίοἱμυίηςθάρσος‖ἐνὶστήθεσσινἐνῆκεν
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordοἱin himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἐνῆκενμυίηςof a flyμυῖα · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies θάρσοςθάρσοςcourageθάρσος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐνῆκενἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσινhis breastστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἐνὶἐνῆκενputἐνίημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 571
which, though driven again and again from a man's skin,
Metre
ἥτεκαὶἐργομένη‖μάλαπερχροὸςἀνδρομέοιο
ἥwhichὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἰσχανάᾳτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἐργομένηbeing driven awayἔργνυμι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἰσχανάᾳμάλαrepeatedlyμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particleχροὸςfrom skinχρώς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐργομένηἀνδρομέοιοhumanἀνδρόμεος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies χροὸς - 572
still hungers to bite, for human blood tastes sweet to it.
Metre
ἰσχανάᾳδακέειν‖λαρόντέοἱαἷμἀνθρώπου
ἰσχανάᾳyearnsἰσχανάω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τέδακέεινto biteδάκνω · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἰσχανάᾳλαρόνsweetλαρός · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounτέforτε · particlecoordinating wordοἱto itἕ · dative singular feminine pronounadverbialαἷμbloodαἷμα · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectἀνθρώπουhumanἄνθρωπος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies αἷμ̓ - 573
With such daring she filled the dark heart within him.
Metre
τοίουμινθάρσευς‖πλῆσεφρέναςἀμφὶμελαίνας
τοίουwith suchτοῖος · genitive singular neuter adjectivemodifies θάρσευςμινhisμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of πλῆσεθάρσευςdaringθάρσος · genitive singular neuter nounobject of πλῆσεπλῆσεfilledπίμπλημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφρέναςhis heartφρήν · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἀμφὶἀμφὶwithinἀμφί · prepositionprepositionμελαίναςdarkμέλας · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies φρένας - 574
He strode over Patroclus and cast his shining spear.
Metre
βῆἐπὶΠατρόκλῳ‖καὶἀκόντισεδουρὶφαεινῷ
βῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐπὶoverἐπί · prepositionprepositionΠατρόκλῳPatroclusΠάτροκλος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀκόντισεcastἀκοντίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδουρὶwith his spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἀκόντισεφαεινῷshiningφαεινός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δουρὶ - 575
Among the Trojans was Podes, son of Eetion,
Metre
ἔσκεἐνὶΤρώεσσι‖ΠοδῆςυἱὸςἨετίωνος
ἔσκεwasεἰμί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionΤρώεσσιthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἐνὶΠοδῆςPodesΠοδῆς · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἨετίωνοςof EetionἨετίων · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸς - 576
a rich and worthy man; above all his people Hector honored him,
Metre
ἀφνειόςἀγαθός‖τεμάλισταδέμιντίενἝκτωρ
ἀφνειόςrichἀφνειός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τετandτε · particlesentence particleἀγαθόςvaliantἀγαθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordμάλισταabove allμάλα · superlative adverbadverbial to τίενδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of τίεντίενhonoredτίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τίεν - 577
for he was his dear companion at the feast.
Metre
δήμουἐπείοἱἑταῖρος‖ἔηνφίλοςεἰλαπιναστής
δήμουof the peopleδῆμος · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to μάλισταἐπείwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοἱto himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἔηνἑταῖροςcomradeἑταῖρος · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate nounἔηνwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπείφίλοςdearφίλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies εἰλαπιναστήςεἰλαπιναστήςfeast-companionεἰλαπιναστής · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate noun - 578
Golden-haired Menelaus struck him through the belt
Metre
τόνῥακατὰζωστῆρα‖βάλεξανθὸςΜενέλαος
τόνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of βάλεῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleκατὰthroughκατά · prepositionprepositionζωστῆραbeltζωστήρ · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to κατὰβάλεstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbξανθὸςfair-hairedξανθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαοςΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of βάλε - 579
as he darted into flight, and drove the bronze clean through.
Metre
ἀΐξανταφόβον‖δέδιὰπρὸδὲχαλκὸνἔλασσε
ἀΐξανταas he dartedἀίσσω · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculinemodifies τόνφόβονinto flightφόβος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀΐξανταδέandδέ · particleemphasizing particleδιὰthroughδιά · adverbadverbial to ἔλασσεπρὸright throughπρό · adverbemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχαλκὸνbronzeχαλκός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔλασσεἔλασσεdroveἐλαύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 580
He crashed down as he fell; then Menelaus, son of Atreus,
Metre
δούπησενδὲπεσών‖ἀτὰρἈτρεΐδηςΜενέλαος
δούπησενfell with a thudδουπέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπεσώνfallingπίπτω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δούπησενἀτὰρthenἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἈτρεΐδηςson of AtreusἈτρείδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΜενέλαοςΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔρυσεν - 581
dragged the corpse from under the Trojans into the host of his comrades.
Metre
νεκρὸνὑπἐκΤρώων‖ἔρυσενμετὰἔθνοςἑταίρων
νεκρὸνcorpseνεκρός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔρυσενὑπfrom underὑπό · prepositionprepositionἐκout fromἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ὑπ̓ἔρυσενdrew outἐρύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionἔθνοςthrongἔθνος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of μετὰἑταίρωνhis comradesἑταῖρος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἔθνος - 582
Then Apollo stood close beside Hector and urged him on,
ἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὄτρυνενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐγγύθενclose byἐγγύθεν · adverbadverbial to ἱστάμενοςἱστάμενοςstandingἵστημι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὄτρυνενὄτρυνενwas urgingὀτρύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὄτρυνεν - 583
in the likeness of Phaenops, son of Asius, who of all
ΦαίνοπιPhaenopsΦαῖνοψ · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐναλίγκιοςἈσιάδῃson of AsiusἈσιάδης · dative singular masculine nounmodifies Φαίνοπιἐναλίγκιοςlikeἐναλίγκιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔσκενοἱto himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἔσκενἁπάντωνof allἅπας · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ξείνων - 584
his guest-friends was dearest, dwelling in his home at Abydos.
Metre
ξείνωνφίλτατοςἔσκεν‖Ἀβυδόθιοἰκίαναίων
ξείνωνguest-friendsξένος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies φίλτατοςφίλτατοςdearestφίλτατος · nominative singular masculine superlative adjectivepredicate nounἔσκενwasεἰμί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ΦαίνοπιἈβυδόθιat AbydosἈβυδόθι · adverbadverbial to ναίωνοἰκίαhis homeοἰκίον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ναίωνναίωνdwellingναίω · present active participle, nominative singular masculinemodifies ὅς - 585
Taking his shape, Apollo the far-worker said:
Metre
τῷμινἐεισάμενος‖προσέφηἑκάεργοςἈπόλλων
τῷhimὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐεισάμενοςμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηἐεισάμενοςhaving likened himselfεἴδομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηsaidπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἑκάεργοςfar-workerἙκάεργος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈπόλλωνἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 586
"Hector, what other Achaean will ever fear you now?
Metre
Ἕκτορτίςκέἔτἄλλος‖Ἀχαιῶνταρβήσειεν
ἝκτορHectorἝκτωρ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headτίςwhatτίς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ταρβήσειενκέwouldἄν · particlesentence particleσyouσύ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ταρβήσειενἔτnowἔτι · adverbadverbial to ταρβήσειενἄλλοςelseἄλλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τίςἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τίςταρβήσειενwould fearταρβέω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 587
See how you shrank from Menelaus, who before this
Metre
οἷονδὴΜενέλαον‖ὑπέτρεσαςὃςτὸπάροςγε
οἷονhowοἷος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ὑπέτρεσαςδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleΜενέλαονfrom MenelausΜενέλαος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὑπέτρεσαςὑπέτρεσαςyou shrankὑποτρέω · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectτὸtheὁ · accusative singular neuter articlemodifies πάροςπάροςbeforeπάρος · adverbadverbialγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particle - 588
was a feeble spearman; now he has gone alone, carrying
Metre
μαλθακὸςαἰχμητής‖νῦνοἴχεταιοἶοςἀείρας
μαλθακὸςfeebleμαλθακός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies αἰχμητήςαἰχμητήςspearmanαἰχμητής · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate nounνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to οἴχεταιδandδέ · particlesentence particleοἴχεταιhas goneοἴχομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοἶοςaloneοἶος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀείραςhaving liftedἀείρω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to οἴχεται - 589
a corpse from under the Trojans, and has killed your trusted comrade,
νεκρὸνcorpseνεκρός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀείραςὑπfrom underὑπό · prepositionprepositionἐκout fromἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ὑπ̓σὸνyourσός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἑταῖρονδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔκτανεkilledκτείνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπιστὸνtrustyπιστός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἑταῖρονἑταῖρονcompanionἑταῖρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject - 590
Podes, Eetion's son, a brave man among the front fighters."
Metre
ἐσθλὸνἐνὶπρομάχοισι‖ΠοδῆνυἱὸνἨετίωνος
ἐσθλὸνnobleἐσθλός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ποδῆνἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionπρομάχοισιchampionsπρόμαχος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐνὶΠοδῆνPodesΠοδῆς · accusative singular masculine nounobjectυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἨετίωνοςof EetionἨετίων · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸν - 591
So he spoke, and a black cloud of grief covered him.
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάτοφάτοhe spokeφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐκάλυψεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄχεοςgriefἄχος · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies νεφέληνεφέληcloudνεφέλη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐκάλυψεἐκάλυψεcoveredκαλύπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμέλαιναblackμέλας · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νεφέλη - 592
And he strode out through the front ranks, helmed in gleaming bronze.
Metre
βῆδὲδιὰπρομάχων‖κεκορυθμένοςαἴθοπιχαλκῷ
βῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionπρομάχωνfront ranksπρόμαχος · genitive plural masculine adjectiveobject of διὰκεκορυθμένοςhelmedκορύσσω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βῆαἴθοπιgleamingαἶθοψ · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χαλκῷχαλκῷin bronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounobject of κεκορυθμένος - 593
Then the son of Cronos took up the tasselled aegis,
Metre
καὶτότἄραΚρονίδης‖ἕλεταἰγίδαθυσσανόεσσαν
καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleτότthenτότε · adverbadverbial to ἕλετ̓ἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleΚρονίδηςson of CronosΚρονίδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἕλετ̓ἕλετtook upαἱρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαἰγίδαaegisαἰγίς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἕλετ̓θυσσανόεσσανtasseledθυσανόεις · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies αἰγίδα - 594
flashing bright, and covered Ida in clouds;
Metre
μαρμαρέηνἼδην‖δὲκατὰνεφέεσσικάλυψεν
μαρμαρέηνgleamingμαρμάρεος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies αἰγίδαἼδηνIdaἼδη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of κάλυψενδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleκατὰoverκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleνεφέεσσιwith cloudsνέφος · dative plural neuter nounobject of κάλυψενκάλυψενcoveredκαλύπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 595
he blazed with lightning, thundered with a mighty crash, and shook it,
Metre
ἀστράψαςδὲμάλα‖μεγάλἔκτυπετὴνδὲτίναξε
ἀστράψαςhaving flashedἀστράπτω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔκτυπεδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleμεγάλloudlyμέγας · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἔκτυπεἔκτυπεthunderedκτυπέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτὴνitὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of τίναξεδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleτίναξεshookτινάσσω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 596
giving victory to the Trojans and routing the Achaeans.
Metre
νίκηνδὲΤρώεσσι‖δίδουἐφόβησεἈχαιούς
νίκηνvictoryνίκη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of δίδουδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleΤρώεσσιto the TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of δίδουδίδουwas givingδίδωμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐφόβησεroutedφοβέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐφόβησε - 597
Peneleos the Boeotian was first to lead the rout.
Metre
πρῶτοςΠηνέλεως‖Βοιώτιοςἦρχεφόβοιο
πρῶτοςfirstπρότερος · nominative singular masculine superlative adjectivecircumstantial complementΠηνέλεωςPeneleosΠηνέλεως · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἦρχεΒοιώτιοςthe BoeotianΒοιώτιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Πηνέλεωςἦρχεledἄρχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφόβοιοof routφόβος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἦρχε - 598
For as he kept facing forward, a spear struck the very edge
Metre
βλῆτογὰρὦμονδουρὶ‖πρόσωτετραμμένοςαἰεὶ
βλῆτοwas struckβάλλω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleὦμονin the shoulderὦμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of βλῆτοδουρὶby a spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounobject of βλῆτοπρόσωforwardπρόσω · adverbobject of τετραμμένοςτετραμμένοςwhile turnedτρέπω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βλῆτοαἰεὶcontinuallyἀεί · adverbadverbial to τετραμμένος - 599
of his shoulder with a glancing blow; to the bone
Metre
ἄκρονἐπιλίγδην‖γράψενδέοἱὀστέονἄχρις
ἄκρονthe edgeἄκρος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὦμονἐπιλίγδηνglancingἐπιλίγδην · adverbadverbial to βλῆτογράψενscrapedγράφω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to γράψενὀστέονboneὀστέον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of γράψενἄχριςas far asἄχρι · adverbadverbial to γράψεν - 600
the point of Polydamas scraped him, for he had come close and cast.
Metre
αἰχμὴΠουλυδάμαντος‖ὃγάρἔβαλεσχεδὸνἐλθών
αἰχμὴspearpointαἰχμή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of γράψενΠουλυδάμαντοςof PolydamasΠουλυδάμας · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies αἰχμὴὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔβαλεγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔβαλεstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbσχεδὸνnearσχεδόν · adverbobject of ἐλθώνἐλθώνhaving comeἔρχομαι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔβαλε - 601
Then Hector wounded Leitus at close quarters, in the arm at the wrist,
Metre
ΛήϊτοναὖθἝκτωρ‖σχεδὸνοὔτασεχεῖρἐπὶκαρπῷ
ΛήϊτονLeitusΛήιτος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectαὖθthenαὖτε · adverbsentence particleἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of οὔτασεσχεδὸνat close rangeσχεδόν · adverbadverbial to οὔτασεοὔτασεwoundedοὐτάζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχεῖρarmχείρ · accusative singular feminine nounobjectἐπὶatἐπί · prepositionprepositionκαρπῷwristκαρπός · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπὶ - 602
the son of great-hearted Alectryon, and stopped him from battle.
Metre
υἱὸνἈλεκτρυόνος‖μεγαθύμουπαῦσεδὲχάρμης
υἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἈλεκτρυόνοςof AlectryonἈλεκτρυών · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνμεγαθύμουgreat-heartedμεγάθυμος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀλεκτρυόνοςπαῦσεstoppedπαύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχάρμηςfrom battleχάρμη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of παῦσε - 603
He shrank back, glancing about, since in his heart he no longer hoped
Metre
τρέσσεδὲπαπτήνας‖ἐπεὶοὐκέτιἔλπετοθυμῷ
τρέσσεdrew backτρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπαπτήναςglancing aboutπαπταίνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to τρέσσεἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὐκέτιno longerοὐκέτι · adverbadverbial to ἔλπετοἔλπετοhopedἔλπω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶθυμῷin his heartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἔλπετο - 604
to hold a spear in his hand and fight the Trojans.
Metre
ἔγχοςἔχωνἐνχειρὶ‖μαχήσεσθαιΤρώεσσιν
ἔγχοςa spearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔχωνἔχωνholdingἔχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔλπετοἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionχειρὶhis handχείρ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνμαχήσεσθαιwould fightμάχομαι · future middle infinitiveobject of ἔλπετοΤρώεσσινthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of μαχήσεσθαι - 605
But as Hector rushed after Leitus, Idomeneus
Metre
ἝκτοραἸδομενεὺς‖μετὰΛήϊτονὁρμηθέντα
ἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of βεβλήκειδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἸδομενεὺςIdomeneusἸδομενεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of βεβλήκειμετὰafterμετά · prepositionprepositionΛήϊτονLeitusΛήιτος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of μετὰὁρμηθένταhaving rushedὁρμάω · aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculinemodifies Ἕκτορα - 606
struck his corselet on the chest beside the nipple;
Metre
βεβλήκειθώρηκα‖κατὰστῆθοςπαρὰμαζόν
βεβλήκειhad struckβάλλω · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθώρηκαcorseletθώραξ · accusative singular masculine nounobjectκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionστῆθοςchestστῆθος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of κατὰπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionμαζόνnippleμαστός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of παρὰ - 607
the long spear broke at the socket, and the Trojans shouted.
Metre
ἐνκαυλῷἐάγη‖δολιχὸνδόρυτοὶδὲβόησαν
ἐνatἐν · prepositionprepositionκαυλῷsocketκαυλός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐάγηsnappedἄγνυμι · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδολιχὸνlongδολιχός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δόρυδόρυspearδόρυ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἐάγητοὶTrojansὁ · nominative plural masculine articlemodifies Τρῶεςδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordβόησανshoutedβοάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 608
Then Hector cast at Idomeneus, son of Deucalion,
Metre
ΤρῶεςὃἸδομενῆος‖ἀκόντισεΔευκαλίδαο
ΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of βόησανὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀκόντισεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἸδομενῆοςat IdomeneusἸδομενεύς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀκόντισεἀκόντισεcast atἀκοντίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΔευκαλίδαοDeucalion's sonΔευκαλίδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Ἰδομενῆος - 609
standing upon his chariot, and missed him by only a little;
δίφρῳon his chariotδίφρος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐφεσταότοςἐφεσταότοςstandingἐφίστημι · perfect active participle, genitive singular masculinemodifies Ἰδομενῆοςτοῦhimὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of ἅμαρτενμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἀπὸbyἀπό · prepositionemphasizing particleτυτθὸνa littleτυτθός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἅμαρτενἅμαρτενmissedἁμαρτάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 610
but he struck Meriones' companion and charioteer,
Metre
αὐτὰρὃΜηριόναο‖ὀπάονάἡνίοχόντε
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectΜηριόναοof MerionesΜηριόνης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ὀπάονάὀπάονάcompanionὀπάων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τεθandτε · particlesentence particleἡνίοχόνcharioteerἡνίοχος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 611
Koiranus, who had followed him from well-built Lyctus.
ΚοίρανονKoiranusΚοίρανος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἕπετ̓ῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionΛύκτουLyctusΛύκτος · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐκἐϋκτιμένηςwell-builtἐυκτίμενος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies Λύκτουἕπετfollowedἕπομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Κοίρανοναὐτῷhimαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἕπετ̓ - 612
For Idomeneus had first come on foot, leaving the curved ships,
Metre
πεζὸςγὰρτὰπρῶτα‖λιπὼννέαςἀμφιελίσσας
πεζὸςon footπεζός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτὰatὁ · accusative plural neuter articlemodifies πρῶταπρῶταfirstπρότερος · accusative plural neuter superlative adjectiveadverbial to ἤλυθελιπὼνleavingλείπω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἤλυθενέαςshipsνέα · accusative plural feminine nounobject of λιπὼνἀμφιελίσσαςcurvedἀμφιέλισσα · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νέας - 613
and would have handed great power to the Trojans,
Metre
ἤλυθεκαίκεΤρωσὶ‖μέγακράτοςἐγγυάλιξεν
ἤλυθεcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleΤρωσὶto the TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐγγυάλιξενμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κράτοςκράτοςstrengthκράτος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐγγυάλιξενἐγγυάλιξενwould have deliveredἐγγυαλίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 614
had not Koiranus swiftly driven up the fleet-footed horses.
Metre
εἰμὴΚοίρανοςὦκα‖ποδώκεαςἤλασενἵππους
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὴnotμή · particleemphasizing particleΚοίρανοςKoiranusΚοίρανος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἤλασενὦκαquicklyὦκα · adverbadverbial to ἤλασενποδώκεαςswift-footedποδώκης · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἤλασενhad driven upἐλαύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἰἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἤλασεν - 615
To him he brought the light and warded off the pitiless day,
Metre
καὶτῷμὲνφάοςἦλθεν‖ἄμυνεδὲνηλεὲςἦμαρ
καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleτῷto himὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἦλθενμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleφάοςlightφάος · nominative singular neuter nouncircumstantial complementἦλθενcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄμυνεwarded offἀμύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleνηλεὲςpitilessνηλής · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦμαρἦμαρdayἦμαρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἄμυνε - 616
but lost his own life beneath man-slaying Hector.
αὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordὤλεσεlostὄλλυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθυμὸνlifeθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὤλεσεὑφat the hands ofὑπό · prepositionprepositionἝκτοροςHectorἝκτωρ · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to ὑφ̓ἀνδροφόνοιοman-slayingἀνδροφόνος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτορος - 617
Hector struck him below the jaw and ear; the spear's butt
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of βάλ̓βάλstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὑπὸbelowὑπό · prepositionprepositionγναθμοῖοthe jawγναθμός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordοὔατοςearοὖς · genitive singular neuter nounobject of καὶἐκoutἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὀδόνταςteethὀδούς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ὦσε - 618
drove out his teeth and cut his tongue through the middle.
Metre
ὦσεδόρυπρυμνόν‖διὰδὲγλῶσσαντάμεμέσσην
ὦσεthrustὠθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδόρυspearδόρυ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ὦσεπρυμνόνbutt-endπρυμνός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δόρυδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordγλῶσσανtongueγλῶσσα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of τάμετάμεcutτέμνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμέσσηνthrough the middleμέσος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies γλῶσσαν - 619
He fell from the chariot and spilled the reins upon the ground.
Metre
ἤριπεἐξὀχέων‖κατὰἡνίαχεῦενἔραζε
ἤριπεfellἐρείπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionὀχέωνthe chariotὄχος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἐξκατὰdownκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἡνίαreinsἡνία · accusative plural neuter nounobject of χεῦενχεῦενspilledχέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔραζεto earthἔραζε · adverbobject of χεῦεν - 620
Meriones bent down from the chariot and caught them
Metre
καὶτάγεΜηριόνης‖ἔλαβενχείρεσσιφίλῃσι
καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleτάthemὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of ἔλαβενγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleΜηριόνηςMerionesΜηριόνης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔλαβενἔλαβενseizedλαμβάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχείρεσσιwith his handsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἔλαβενφίλῃσιownφίλος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies χείρεσσι - 621
from the plain in his own hands, and called to Idomeneus:
Metre
κύψαςἐκπεδίοιο‖καὶἸδομενῆαπροσηύδα
κύψαςas he stoopedκύπτω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔλαβενἐκoffἐκ · prepositionprepositionπεδίοιοthe plainπεδίον · genitive singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐκκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἸδομενῆαIdomeneusἸδομενεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προσηύδαπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 622
"Use the whip now, until you reach the swift ships.
Metre
μάστιενῦνεἷός‖κεθοὰςἐπὶνῆαςἵκηαι
μάστιεuse the whipμαστίω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to μάστιεεἷόςuntilεἷος · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκεmayἄν · particlesentence particleθοὰςswiftθοός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςἐπὶtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπὶἵκηαιyou reachἱκνέομαι · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to εἷός - 623
You yourself know the Achaeans have no strength left."
Metre
γιγνώσκειςδὲκαὶαὐτὸς‖ὅοὐκέτικάρτοςἈχαιῶν
γιγνώσκειςyou knowγιγνώσκω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleαὐτὸςyourselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementὅthatὅς · accusative singular neuter pronounsubordinating conjunctionτindeedτε · particleemphasizing particleοὐκέτιno longerοὐκέτι · adverbadverbialκάρτοςstrengthκάρτος · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 624
So he spoke, and Idomeneus lashed the lovely-maned horses
Metre
ὣςἔφατἸδομενεὺς‖ἵμασενκαλλίτριχαςἵππους
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἸδομενεὺςIdomeneusἸδομενεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἵμασενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἵμασενlashedἱμάσσω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαλλίτριχαςfair-manedκαλλίθριξ · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἵμασεν - 625
toward the hollow ships, for fear had fallen on his heart.
Metre
νῆαςἔπιγλαφυράς‖δὴγὰρδέοςἔμπεσεθυμῷ
νῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἔπιἔπιtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionγλαφυράςhollowγλαφυρός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleδέοςfearδέος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔμπεσεἔμπεσεfell uponἐμπίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθυμῷhis heartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἔμπεσε - 626
Nor did great-hearted Ajax and Menelaus fail to see
Metre
οὐδἔλαθΑἴαντα‖μεγαλήτορακαὶΜενέλαον
ἔλαθescaped notice ofλανθάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΑἴανταAjaxΑἴας · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶμεγαλήτοραgreat-heartedμεγαλήτωρ · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Αἴαντακαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΜενέλαονMenelausΜενέλαος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶ - 627
that Zeus was giving the Trojans victory that changed the fight.
Metre
ΖεύςὅτεδὴΤρώεσσι‖δίδουἑτεραλκέανίκην
ΖεύςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔλαθ̓ὅτεwhenὅτε · adverbadverbial to δίδουδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleΤρώεσσιto the TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of δίδουδίδουwas givingδίδωμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἔλαθ̓ἑτεραλκέαbattle-turningἑτεραλκής · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νίκηννίκηνvictoryνίκη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of δίδου - 628
Great Telamonian Ajax began speaking among them:
Metre
τοῖσιδὲμύθωνἦρχε‖μέγαςΤελαμώνιοςΑἴας
τοῖσιamong themὁ · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to ἦρχεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμύθωνspeechμῦθος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἦρχεἦρχεbeganἄρχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμέγαςgreatμέγας · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΑἴαςΤελαμώνιοςTelamonianΤελαμώνιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΑἴαςΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἦρχε - 629
"Shame! By now even a man who is an utter fool
Metre
ὢπόποιἤδημέν‖κεκαὶὃςμάλανήπιόςἐστι
ὢahὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleπόποιalasπόποι · interjectiongoverned by an elided headἤδηby nowἤδη · adverbadverbial to γνοίημένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleὃςa man whoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐστιμάλαutterlyμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleνήπιόςa foolνήπιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐστιisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbsubject of γνοίη - 630
can see that father Zeus himself is helping the Trojans.
Metre
γνοίηὅτιΤρώεσσι‖πατὴρΖεὺςαὐτὸςἀρήγει
γνοίηwould knowγιγνώσκω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὅτιthatὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionΤρώεσσιthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀρήγειπατὴρfatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΖεὺςΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀρήγειαὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀρήγειis helpingἀρήγω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of ὅτι - 631
Every missile of theirs finds its mark, whoever casts it,
Metre
τῶνμὲνγὰρπάντων‖βέλεἅπτεταιὅςτιςἀφήῃ
τῶνtheirsὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies βέλἐμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleπάντωνeveryπᾶς · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τῶνβέλεmissilesβέλος · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of ἅπτεταιἅπτεταιhitsἅπτω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀφήῃτιςeverτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies ὅςἀφήῃcastsἀφίημι · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τῶν - 632
coward or brave; Zeus guides them all alike,
Metre
ἢκακὸςἢἀγαθός‖Ζεὺςἔμπηςπάντἰθύνει
ἢorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleκακὸςcowardlyκακός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἢἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀγαθόςvaliantἀγαθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἢΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἰθύνειδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔμπηςall the sameἔμπας · adverbadverbial to ἰθύνειπάντallπᾶς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἰθύνειἰθύνειguidesἰθύνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 633
while all of ours fall useless to the ground.
Metre
ἡμῖναὔτωςπᾶσιν‖ἐτώσιαπίπτειἔραζε
ἡμῖνfor usἐγώ · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to πίπτειδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὔτωςjust asαὔτως · adverbadverbial to πίπτειπᾶσινall alikeπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἡμῖνἐτώσιαin vainἐτώσιος · nominative plural neuter adjectivecircumstantial complementπίπτειfallsπίπτω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔραζεto earthἔραζε · adverbobject of πίπτει - 634
Come, let us ourselves devise the best plan,
Metre
ἀλλἄγεταὐτοίπερ‖φραζώμεθαμῆτινἀρίστην
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἄγετcomeἄγε · adverbsentence particleαὐτοίwe ourselvesαὐτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπερat leastπέρ · particleemphasizing particleφραζώμεθαlet us considerφράζω · present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbμῆτινplanμῆτις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of φραζώμεθαἀρίστηνbestἄριστος · accusative singular feminine superlative adjectivemodifies μῆτιν - 635
both how we may drag away the corpse and how we ourselves
Metre
ἠμὲνὅπωςτὸννεκρὸν‖ἐρύσσομενἠδὲκαὶαὐτοὶ
ἠμὲνbothἠμέν · conjunctionsentence particleὅπωςhowὅπως · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτὸνtheὁ · accusative singular masculine articlemodifies νεκρὸννεκρὸνcorpseνεκρός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐρύσσομενἐρύσσομενwe may dragἐρύω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to ἠδὲἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleαὐτοὶwe ourselvesαὐτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 636
may return and become a joy to our dear comrades,
Metre
χάρμαφίλοιςἑτάροισι‖γενώμεθανοστήσαντες
χάρμαa delightχάρμα · nominative singular neuter nounpredicate nounφίλοιςour dearφίλος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἑτάροισιἑτάροισιcompanionsἑταῖρος · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to γενώμεθαγενώμεθαmay becomeγίγνομαι · aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to ἠδὲνοστήσαντεςhaving returnedνοστέω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to γενώμεθα - 637
who must be looking this way in anguish and no longer think they can make
Metre
οἵπουδεῦρὁρόωντες‖ἀκηχέδατοὐδἔτιφασὶν
οἵwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of δ̓πουperhapsπού · adverbsentence particleδεῦρthis wayδεῦρο · adverbobject of ὁρόωντεςὁρόωντεςlookingὁράω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἀκηχέδατ̓ἀκηχέδατare grievingἀχεύω · perfect passive indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing δ̓ἔτιany longerἔτι · adverbadverbial to σχήσεσθ̓φασὶνthinkφημί · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing δ̓ - 638
the fury and irresistible hands of man-slaying Hector
Metre
Ἕκτοροςἀνδροφόνοιο‖μένοςκαὶχεῖραςἀάπτους
Ἕκτοροςof HectorἝκτωρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies μένοςἀνδροφόνοιοman-slayingἀνδροφόνος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτοροςμένοςfuryμένος · accusative singular neuter nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordχεῖραςhandsχείρ · accusative plural feminine nounsubject of καὶἀάπτουςirresistibleἄαπτος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies χεῖρας - 639
hold back, but will fall upon the black ships.
Metre
σχήσεσθἀλλἐννηυσὶ‖μελαίνῃσινπεσέεσθαι
σχήσεσθto hold backἔχω · future middle infinitiveobject of ἀλλ̓ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐνuponἐν · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶthe shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνμελαίνῃσινblackμέλας · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶπεσέεσθαιto fallπίπτω · future middle infinitiveobject of ἀλλ̓ - 640
If only some comrade could carry word with all speed
Metre
εἴηὅςτιςἑταῖρος‖ἀπαγγείλειετάχιστα
εἴηmay there beεἰμί · present active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅςsomeὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀπαγγείλειετιςoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounemphasizing particleἑταῖροςcomradeἑταῖρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εἴηἀπαγγείλειεcould reportἀπαγγέλλω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἑταῖροςτάχισταat onceταχύς · accusative plural neuter superlative adjectiveadverbial to ἀπαγγείλειε - 641
to Peleus' son, for I do not think he has even heard
Metre
Πηλεΐδῃἐπεὶοὔ‖μινὀΐομαιοὐδὲπεπύσθαι
Πηλεΐδῃto Peleus's sonΠηλείδης · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἀπαγγείλειεἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμινheμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of πεπύσθαιὀΐομαιI thinkοἴομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶπεπύσθαιhas heardπυνθάνομαι · perfect medio-passive infinitiveobject of ὀΐομαι - 642
the bitter news that his dear companion has died.
Metre
λυγρῆςἀγγελίης‖ὅτιοἱφίλοςὤλεθἑταῖρος
λυγρῆςgrievousλυγρός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀγγελίηςἀγγελίηςnewsἀγγελία · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ,ὅτιthatὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to φίλοςφίλοςdearφίλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἑταῖροςὤλεθhas perishedὄλλυμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of ὅτιἑταῖροςcomradeἑταῖρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὤλεθ̓ - 643
But nowhere can I see any such Achaean,
Metre
ἀλλοὔπῃδύναμαι‖ἰδέειντοιοῦτονἈχαιῶν
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleπῃin any wayπη · particleadverbial to ἰδέεινδύναμαιI am ableδύναμαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἰδέεινto seeεἶδον · aorist active infinitiveobject of δύναμαιτοιοῦτονsuch a manτοιοῦτος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἰδέεινἈχαιῶνamong AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τοιοῦτον - 644
for men and horses alike are held in fog.
Metre
ἠέριγὰρκατέχονται‖ὁμῶςαὐτοίτεκαὶἵπποι
ἠέριin mistἀήρ · dative singular feminine nounobject of κατέχονταιγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleκατέχονταιare heldκατέχω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὁμῶςalikeὁμῶς · adverbadverbial to κατέχονταιαὐτοίthe menαὐτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἵπποιhorsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 645
Father Zeus, rescue the sons of the Achaeans from the murk,
Metre
Ζεῦπάτερἀλλὰσὺῥῦσαι‖ὑπἠέροςυἷαςἈχαιῶν
ΖεῦZeusΖεύς · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headπάτερfatherπάτηρ · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies Ζεῦἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleσὺyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ῥῦσαιῥῦσαιrescueῥύομαι · aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbὑπfrom beneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionἠέροςthe murkἀήρ · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ὑπ̓υἷαςsonsυἱός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ῥῦσαιἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies υἷας - 646
make the sky clear, and grant our eyes to see;
ποίησονmakeποιέω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleαἴθρηνthe skyαἴθρη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ποίησονδὸςgrantδίδωμι · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὀφθαλμοῖσινour eyesὀφθαλμός · dative plural masculine nounobject of δὸςἰδέσθαιto beholdεἶδον · aorist middle infinitiveobject of δὸς - 647
and in the light destroy us, since this is your pleasure."
Metre
ἐνδὲφάεικαὶὄλεσσον‖ἐπείνύτοιεὔαδενοὕτως
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordφάειlightφάος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐνκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleὄλεσσονdestroy usὄλλυμι · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἐπείsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionνύnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to εὔαδεντοιto youσύ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of εὔαδενεὔαδενit pleasesἁνδάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπείοὕτωςthusοὕτως · adverbadverbial to εὔαδεν - 648
So he spoke; the father pitied him as he wept,
Metre
ὣςφάτοτὸνδὲπατὴρ‖ὀλοφύρατοδάκρυχέοντα
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάτοφάτοhe spokeφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ὀλοφύρατοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπατὴρfatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὀλοφύρατοὀλοφύρατοpitiedὀλοφύρομαι · aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδάκρυtearsδάκρυον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of χέονταχέονταweepingχέω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinemodifies τὸν - 649
and at once scattered the murk and drove away the mist.
Metre
αὐτίκαἠέραμὲν‖σκέδασενκαὶἀπῶσενὀμίχλην
αὐτίκαat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to σκέδασενδandδέ · particlesentence particleἠέραmistἀήρ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of σκέδασενμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleσκέδασενscatteredσκεδάννυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἀπῶσενdrove awayἀπωθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὀμίχληνmistὁμίχλη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀπῶσεν - 650
The sun shone out, and all the battle came to light.
ἠέλιοςthe sunἠέλιος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐπέλαμψεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐπέλαμψεshone outἐπιλάμπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμάχηbattleμάχη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of φαάνθηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπὶthroughoutἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleπᾶσαwholeπᾶς · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μάχηφαάνθηappearedφαίνω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 651
Then Ajax spoke to Menelaus, loud in the war-cry:
Metre
καὶτότἄρΑἴαςεἶπε‖βοὴνἀγαθὸνΜενέλαον
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordτότthenτότε · adverbadverbial to εἶπεἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εἶπεεἶπεspoke toεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβοὴνin battle-cryβοή · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀγαθὸνἀγαθὸνgoodἀγαθός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαονΜενέλαονMenelausΜενέλαος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εἶπε - 652
"Look now, Zeus-nurtured Menelaus, and see if you can find
Metre
σκέπτεονῦνΜενέλαε‖διοτρεφὲςαἴκενἴδηαι
σκέπτεοlookσκέπτομαι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to σκέπτεοΜενέλαεMenelausΜενέλαος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headδιοτρεφὲςZeus-nurturedδιοτρεφής · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Μενέλαεαἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκενmayἄν · particlesentence particleἴδηαιyou can seeεἶδον · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verbobject of αἴ - 653
Antilochus still alive, the son of great-hearted Nestor,
Metre
ζωὸνἔτἈντίλοχον‖μεγαθύμουΝέστοροςυἱόν
ζωὸνaliveζωός · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔτstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to ζωὸνἈντίλοχονAntilochusἈντίλοχος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectμεγαθύμουgreat-heartedμεγάθυμος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΝέστοροςΝέστοροςNestorΝέστωρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱόνυἱόνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobject - 654
and urge him to go quickly to warlike Achilles
ὄτρυνονurge onὀτρύνω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἈχιλῆϊto AchillesἈχιλλεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of εἰπεῖνδαΐφρονιbattle-wiseδαίφρων · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχιλῆϊθᾶσσονquicklyταχύς · accusative singular neuter comparative adjectiveadverbial to ἰόνταἰόνταgoingεἶμι · present active participle, accusative singular masculineadverbial to εἰπεῖν - 655
and tell him that his far dearest companion has died."
Metre
εἰπεῖνὅττιῥάοἱ‖πολὺφίλτατοςὤλεθἑταῖρος
εἰπεῖνto tellεἶπον · aorist active infinitiveobject of ὄτρυνονὅττιthatὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionῥάthenἄρα · particlesentence particleοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to φίλτατοςπολὺfarπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to φίλτατοςφίλτατοςdearestφίλτατος · nominative singular masculine superlative adjectivemodifies ἑταῖροςὤλεθhas perishedὄλλυμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of ὅττιἑταῖροςcomradeἑταῖρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὤλεθ̓ - 656
So he spoke, and Menelaus, loud in the war-cry, did not disobey.
Metre
ὣςἔφατοὐδἀπίθησε‖βοὴνἀγαθὸςΜενέλαος
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀπίθησεdid not disobeyἀπιθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβοὴνat the war-cryβοή · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀγαθὸςἀγαθὸςgoodἀγαθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαοςΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπίθησε - 657
He set out like a lion leaving a cattle-yard,
Metre
βῆἰέναιὥςτίς‖τελέωνἀπὸμεσσαύλοιο
βῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἰέναιset outεἶμι · present active infinitiveadverbial to βῆὥςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialτίςsomeτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies λέωντεasτε · particlesentence particleλέωνa lionλέων · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionμεσσαύλοιοfarmyardμέσαυλος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀπὸ - 658
who, when he has worn himself out provoking dogs and men who confront him
ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectτeverτε · particlesentence particleἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · conjunctionadverbialἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleκεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleκάμῃσιwears himself outκάμνω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶκύναςdogsκύων · accusative plural masculine nounobject of τ̓τandτε · particlesentence particleἄνδραςmenἀνήρ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of τ̓τandτε · particlecoordinating wordἐρεθίζωνprovokingἐρεθίζω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineobject of κάμῃσι - 659
and will not let him seize the cattle's fat,
Metre
οἵτέμινοὐκεἰῶσι‖βοῶνἐκπῖαρἑλέσθαι
οἵwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of εἰῶσιτέeverτε · particlesentence particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of εἰῶσιοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleεἰῶσιletἐάω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἄνδραςβοῶνof cattleβοῦς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies πῖαρἐκfromἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleπῖαρfatπῖαρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἑλέσθαιἑλέσθαιto seizeαἱρέω · aorist middle infinitiveobject of εἰῶσι - 660
keeping watch all night; and craving flesh,
Metre
πάννυχοιἐγρήσσοντες‖ὃδὲκρειῶνἐρατίζων
πάννυχοιall nightπάννυχος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐγρήσσοντεςkeeping watchἐγρήσσω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to εἰῶσιὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἰθύειδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleκρειῶνmeatκρέας · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἐρατίζωνἐρατίζωνcravingἐρατίζω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἰθύει - 661
he charges straight on, but gains nothing, for spears in a mass
Metre
ἰθύειἀλλοὔτι‖πρήσσειθαμέεςγὰρἄκοντες
ἰθύειchargesἰθύω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbialἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctionsentence particleοὔnotοὔτι · adverbemphasizing particleτιnothingοὔτι · adverbadverbial to πρήσσειπρήσσειgainsπράσσω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbialθαμέεςthickly clusteredθαμέες · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἄκοντεςspearsἄκων · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τε - 662
fly against him from bold hands,
ἀντίονagainst himἀντίος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀΐσσουσιἀΐσσουσιflyἀίσσω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbialθρασειάωνboldθρασύς · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies χειρῶνἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionχειρῶνhandsχείρ · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἀπὸ - 663
and burning brands, which he fears, eager though he is;
Metre
καιόμεναίτεδεταί‖τάςτετρεῖἐσσύμενόςπερ
καιόμεναίburningκαίω · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural femininemodifies δεταίτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordδεταίbrandsδετή · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of τετάςwhichὁ · accusative plural feminine pronounobject of τρεῖτεeverτε · particlesentence particleτρεῖfearsτρέω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δεταίἐσσύμενόςeagerσεύω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to τρεῖπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particle - 664
at dawn he goes far away, his heart in pain.
ἠῶθενat dawnἠῶθεν · adverbadverbial to ἔβηδandδέ · particlesentence particleἀπονόσφινfar awayἀπονόσφι · adverbobject of ἔβηἔβηwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbialτετιηότιwith grievingτετίημαι · perfect active participle, dative singular masculinemodifies θυμῷθυμῷheartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἔβη - 665
So from Patroclus Menelaus, good at the war-cry,
Metre
ὣςἀπὸΠατρόκλοιο‖βοὴνἀγαθὸςΜενέλαος
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἤϊεἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionΠατρόκλοιοPatroclusΠάτροκλος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀπὸβοὴνat the war-cryβοή · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀγαθὸςἀγαθὸςgoodἀγαθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαοςΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἤϊε - 666
went away, much against his will; for he greatly feared the Achaeans
Metre
ἤϊεπόλλἀέκων‖περὶγὰρδίεμήμινἈχαιοὶ
ἤϊεwentεἶμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπόλλgreatlyπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀέκωνἀέκωνagainst his willἀέκων · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπερὶgreatlyπερί · prepositionemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleδίεfearedδίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμήlestμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of λίποιενἈχαιοὶAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of λίποιεν - 667
might leave him as spoil for the enemy in their harsh rout.
Metre
ἀργαλέουπρὸφόβοιο‖ἕλωρδηΐοισιλίποιεν
ἀργαλέουbitterἀργαλέος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies φόβοιοπρὸin the face ofπρό · prepositionprepositionφόβοιοof routφόβος · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to πρὸἕλωρspoilἕλωρ · accusative singular neuter nouncircumstantial complementδηΐοισιto their enemiesδάιος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to λίποιενλίποιενmight leaveλείπω · aorist active optative, 3rd plural verbobject of μή - 668
He laid many commands on Meriones and the two Ajaxes:
Metre
πολλὰδὲΜηριόνῃ‖τεκαὶΑἰάντεσσἐπέτελλεν
πολλὰmanyπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐπέτελλενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΜηριόνῃto MerionesΜηριόνης · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΑἰάντεσσto the AjaxesΑἴας · dative plural masculine nounobject of καὶἐπέτελλενlaid commandsἐπιτέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 669
"You two Ajaxes, leaders of the Argives, and Meriones,
Metre
ΑἴαντἈργείων‖ἡγήτορεΜηριόνητε
Αἴαντtwo AjaxesΑἴας · vocative dual masculine noungoverned by an elided headἈργείωνof the ArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἡγήτορεἡγήτορεtwo leadersἡγήτωρ · vocative dual masculine noungoverned by an elided headΜηριόνηMerionesΜηριόνης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headτεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 670
now let each man remember the kindness of poor Patroclus,
Metre
νῦντιςἐνηείης‖Πατροκλῆοςδειλοῖο
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to μνησάσθωτιςeach manτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of μνησάσθωἐνηείηςof the kindnessἐνηείη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of μνησάσθωΠατροκλῆοςof PatroclusΠάτροκλος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἐνηείηςδειλοῖοpoorδειλός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Πατροκλῆος - 671
for while he lived he knew how to be gentle to all.
Metre
μνησάσθωπᾶσιν‖γὰρἐπίστατομείλιχοςεἶναι
μνησάσθωlet him rememberμιμνήσκω · aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπᾶσινallπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to εἶναιγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐπίστατοknewἐπίσταμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμείλιχοςgentleμείλιχος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounεἶναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of ἐπίστατο - 672
Now death and fate have overtaken him."
Metre
ζωὸςἐώννῦναὖ‖θάνατοςκαὶμοῖρακιχάνει
ζωὸςlivingζωός · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐώνbeingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐπίστατονῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to κιχάνειαὖin turnαὖ · adverbadverbial to κιχάνειθάνατοςdeathθάνατος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμοῖραfateμοῖρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶκιχάνειhas overtakenκιχάνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 673
So speaking, golden-haired Menelaus went away,
Metre
ὣςἄραφωνήσας‖ἀπέβηξανθὸςΜενέλαος
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φωνήσαςἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleφωνήσαςspeakingφωνέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀπέβηἀπέβηdepartedἀποβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbξανθὸςfair-hairedξανθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαοςΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπέβη - 674
looking everywhere, like an eagle, which they say
Metre
πάντοσεπαπταίνων‖ὥςαἰετόςὅνῥάτέφασιν
πάντοσεeverywhereπάντοσε · adverbadverbial to παπταίνωνπαπταίνωνsearchingπαπταίνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀπέβηὥςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialτasτε · particlesentence particleαἰετόςan eagleἀετός · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectὅνwhichὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of δέρκεσθαιῥάthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτέusuallyτε · particlesentence particleφασινthey sayφημί · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing καί - 675
has the keenest sight of all the birds beneath the sky;
Metre
ὀξύτατονδέρκεσθαι‖ὑπουρανίωνπετεηνῶν
ὀξύτατονmost keenlyὀξύς · accusative singular neuter superlative adjectiveadverbial to δέρκεσθαιδέρκεσθαιto seeδέρκομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of φασινὑπουρανίωνbeneath the skyὑπουράνιος · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies πετεηνῶνπετεηνῶνof birdsπετεινός · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies ὅν - 676
though it is high aloft, the swift-footed hare does not escape it,
Metre
ὅντεκαὶὑψόθἐόντα‖πόδαςταχὺςοὐκἔλαθεπτὼξ
ὅνwhichὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔλαθετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleὑψόθon highὑψόθι · adverbpredicate nounἐόνταthough beingεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementπόδαςof footπούς · accusative plural masculine nounadverbial to ταχὺςταχὺςswiftταχύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πτὼξοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἔλαθεescapes notice ofλανθάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καίπτὼξhareπτώξ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔλαθε - 677
lying beneath a thick-leaved bush, but down upon it
Metre
θάμνῳὑπἀμφικόμῳ‖κατακείμενοςἀλλάἐπαὐτῷ
θάμνῳa bushθάμνος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ὑπ̓ὑπbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionἀμφικόμῳthick-leavedἀμφίκομος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θάμνῳκατακείμενοςlyingκατακείω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔλαθεἀλλάbutἀλλά · conjunctionsentence particleτandτε · particlesentence particleἐπdown uponἐπί · prepositionprepositionαὐτῷitαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἐπ̓ - 678
the eagle swoops, quickly seizes it, and takes away its life.
Metre
ἔσσυτοκαίτέμινὦκα‖λαβὼνἐξείλετοθυμόν
ἔσσυτοswoopsσεύω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καίκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordτέandτε · particlesentence particleμινitμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐξείλετοὦκαquicklyὦκα · adverbadverbial to λαβὼνλαβὼνhaving seizedλαμβάνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐξείλετοἐξείλετοtakes awayἐξαιρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καίθυμόνlifeθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐξείλετο - 679
So then, Menelaus, nurtured of Zeus, your two bright eyes
Metre
ὣςτότεσοὶΜενέλαε‖διοτρεφὲςὄσσεφαεινὼ
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to δινείσθηντότεthenτότε · adverbadverbial to δινείσθηνσοὶyourσύ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to δινείσθηνΜενέλαεMenelausΜενέλαος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headδιοτρεφὲςZeus-nurturedδιοτρεφής · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Μενέλαεὄσσεtwo eyesὄσσε · nominative dual neuter nounsubject of δινείσθηνφαεινὼshiningφαεινός · nominative dual neuter adjectivemodifies ὄσσε - 680
ranged everywhere through the throng of your many companions,
Metre
πάντοσεδινείσθην‖πολέωνκατὰἔθνοςἑταίρων
πάντοσεon every sideπάντοσε · adverbadverbial to δινείσθηνδινείσθηνwere rangingδινεύω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbπολέωνof manyπολύς · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἑταίρωνκατὰthroughκατά · prepositionprepositionἔθνοςthrongἔθνος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of κατὰἑταίρωνyour comradesἑταῖρος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἔθνος - 681
in hope of seeing Nestor's son still alive.
Metre
εἴπουΝέστοροςυἱὸν‖ἔτιζώονταἴδοιτο
εἴwhetherεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπουanywhereπού · adverbsentence particleΝέστοροςNestor'sΝέστωρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἴδοιτοἔτιstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to ζώονταζώονταaliveζῶ · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἴδοιτοhe might seeεἶδον · aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verbobject of εἴ - 682
He quickly noticed him on the left of the whole battle,
Metre
τὸνδὲμάλαἶψἐνόησε‖μάχηςἐπἀριστερὰπάσης
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐνόησεδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleμάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleαἶψat onceαἶψα · adverbadverbial to ἐνόησεἐνόησεsawνοέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμάχηςof the battleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἀριστερὰἐπonἐπί · prepositionprepositionἀριστερὰleft flankἀριστερός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐπ̓πάσηςof the wholeπᾶς · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies μάχης - 683
heartening his companions and urging them to fight,
Metre
θαρσύνονθἑτάρους‖καὶἐποτρύνονταμάχεσθαι
θαρσύνονθhearteningθαρσύνω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἑτάρουςcompanionsἑταῖρος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of θαρσύνονθ̓καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐποτρύνονταurgingἐποτρύνω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἐποτρύνοντα - 684
and golden-haired Menelaus stood close beside him and spoke:
Metre
ἀγχοῦἱστάμενος‖προσέφηξανθὸςΜενέλαος
ἀγχοῦclose byἀγχοῦ · adverbadverbial to ἱστάμενοςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἱστάμενοςstandingἵστημι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηspokeπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbξανθὸςfair-hairedξανθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαοςΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 685
"Antilochus, come here, nurtured of Zeus, and learn
Metre
Ἀντίλοχεἰἄγεδεῦρο‖διοτρεφὲςὄφραπύθηαι
ἈντίλοχAntilochusἈντίλοχος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headεἰcomeεἰ · interjectionsentence particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄγεcomeἄγω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbδεῦροhereδεῦρο · adverbobject of ἄγεδιοτρεφὲςZeus-nurturedδιοτρεφής · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀντίλοχ̓ὄφραandὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπύθηαιlearnπυνθάνομαι · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ὄφρα - 686
grievous news, which ought never to have happened.
Metre
λυγρῆςἀγγελίης‖ἣμὴὤφελλεγενέσθαι
λυγρῆςgrievousλυγρός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀγγελίηςἀγγελίηςnewsἀγγελία · genitive singular feminine nounobject of πύθηαιἣwhichὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ὤφελλεμὴneverμή · particleemphasizing particleὤφελλεought to haveὀφέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἀγγελίηςγενέσθαιto have happenedγίγνομαι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of ὤφελλε - 687
I think that you yourself, looking on,
Metre
ἤδημὲνσὲκαὶαὐτὸν‖ὀΐομαιεἰσορόωντα
ἤδηalreadyἤδη · adverbadverbial to γιγνώσκεινμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleσὲyouσύ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of γιγνώσκεινκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleαὐτὸνyourselfαὐτός · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementὀΐομαιI thinkοἴομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbεἰσορόωνταwatchingεἰσοράω · present active participle, accusative singular masculineadverbial to γιγνώσκειν - 688
already know that a god is rolling disaster upon the Danaans
Metre
γιγνώσκεινὅτιπῆμα‖θεὸςΔαναοῖσικυλίνδει
γιγνώσκεινto knowγιγνώσκω · present active infinitiveobject of ὀΐομαιὅτιthatὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπῆμαbaneπῆμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of κυλίνδειθεὸςa godθεός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κυλίνδειΔαναοῖσιupon the DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to κυλίνδεικυλίνδειis rollingκυλίνδω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of δὲ - 689
and victory belongs to the Trojans; the best of the Achaeans has been slain,
Metre
νίκηδὲΤρώων‖πέφαταιὤριστοςἈχαιῶν
νίκηvictoryνίκη · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΤρώωνbelongs to TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounpredicate nounπέφαταιhas been killedθείνω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleὤριστοςbestἄριστος · nominative singular masculine superlative adjectivemodifies ΠάτροκλοςἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ὤριστος - 690
Patroclus, and a great loss has come upon the Danaans.
Metre
Πάτροκλοςμεγάλη‖δὲποθὴΔαναοῖσιτέτυκται
ΠάτροκλοςPatroclusΠάτροκλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πέφαταιμεγάληgreatμέγας · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ποθὴδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordποθὴlossποθή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τέτυκταιΔαναοῖσιupon the DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to τέτυκταιτέτυκταιhas arisenτεύχω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 691
But run quickly to Achilles beside the ships of the Achaeans
Metre
ἀλλὰσύαἶψἈχιλῆϊ‖θέωνἐπὶνῆαςἈχαιῶν
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleσύyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἰπεῖνγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleαἶψat onceαἶψα · adverbadverbial to θέωνἈχιλῆϊto AchillesἈχιλλεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of εἰπεῖνθέωνrunningθέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἰπεῖνἐπὶbesideἐπί · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπὶἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies νῆας - 692
and tell him, in hope that he may quickly bring the corpse safe to his ship,
Metre
εἰπεῖναἴκετάχιστα‖νέκυνἐπὶνῆασαώσῃ
εἰπεῖνto tellεἶπον · aorist active infinitivemain verbαἴin hope thatεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκεmayἄν · particlesentence particleτάχισταquicklyταχύς · accusative plural neuter superlative adjectiveadverbial to σαώσῃνέκυνcorpseνέκυς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of σαώσῃἐπὶtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionνῆαhis shipναῦς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπὶσαώσῃmay bring safelyσώζω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to αἴ - 693
naked; but Hector of the flashing helm holds his armor."
Metre
γυμνόνἀτὰρτάγετεύχε‖ἔχεικορυθαίολοςἝκτωρ
γυμνόνnakedγυμνός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies νέκυνἀτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleτάhisὁ · accusative plural neuter articlemodifies τεύχἐγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleτεύχεarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔχειἔχειkeepsἔχω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκορυθαίολοςflashing-helmedκορυθαίολος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔχει - 694
So he spoke, and Antilochus shuddered at hearing his words.
Metre
ὣςἔφατἈντίλοχος‖δὲκατέστυγεμῦθονἀκούσας
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈντίλοχοςAntilochusἈντίλοχος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κατέστυγεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκατέστυγεshudderedκαταστυγέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμῦθονwordsμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀκούσαςἀκούσαςhaving heardἀκούω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κατέστυγε - 695
For a long while speechlessness held him; his two eyes
Metre
δὴνδέμινἀμφασίη‖ἐπέωνλάβετὼδέοἱὄσσε
δὴνa long whileδήν · adverbadverbial to λάβεδέandδέ · particlesentence particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of λάβεἀμφασίηspeechlessnessἀμφασίη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of λάβεἐπέωνwordsἔπος · genitive plural neuter nounmodifies ἀμφασίηλάβεseizedλαμβάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτὼhis twoὁ · nominative dual neuter articlemodifies ὄσσεδέandδέ · particlesentence particleοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to πλῆσθενὄσσεeyesὄσσε · nominative dual neuter nounsubject of πλῆσθεν - 696
filled with tears, and his strong voice was checked.
Metre
δακρυόφιπλῆσθεν‖θαλερὴδέοἱἔσχετοφωνή
δακρυόφιwith tearsδάκρυον · genitive plural neuter nounobject of πλῆσθενπλῆσθενwere filledπίμπλημι · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbθαλερὴvigorousθαλερός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies φωνήδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἔσχετοἔσχετοwas checkedἔχω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφωνήvoiceφωνή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔσχετο - 697
Yet even so he did not neglect Menelaus' command.
Metre
ἀλλοὐδὧςΜενελάου‖ἐφημοσύνηςἀμέλησε
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὧςeven soὡς · adverbadverbial to ἀμέλησεΜενελάουof MenelausΜενέλαος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἐφημοσύνηςἐφημοσύνηςcommandἐφημοσύνη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἀμέλησεἀμέλησεneglectἀμελέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 698
He set out running, and gave his armor to his blameless companion,
Metre
βῆδὲθέειντὰδὲτεύχε‖ἀμύμονιδῶκενἑταίρῳ
βῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleθέεινset out runningθέω · present active infinitiveadverbial to βῆτὰhisὁ · accusative plural neuter articlemodifies τεύχἐδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεύχεarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of δῶκενἀμύμονιblamelessἀμύμων · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἑταίρῳδῶκενgaveδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἑταίρῳcompanionἑταῖρος · dative singular masculine nounobject - 699
Laodocus, who close beside him wheeled the single-hooved horses.
ΛαοδόκῳLaodocusΛαόδοκος · dative singular masculine nounobjectὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔστρεφεοἱfor himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to σχεδὸνσχεδὸνclose byσχεδόν · adverbadverbial to ἔστρεφεἔστρεφεwas wheelingστρέφω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Λαοδόκῳμώνυχαςsingle-hoofedμῶνυξ · accusative plural masculine nounmodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἔστρεφε - 700
His feet bore him weeping out of the fighting
Metre
τὸνμὲνδάκρυχέοντα‖πόδεςφέρονἐκπολέμοιο
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of φέρονμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleδάκρυtearsδάκρυον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of χέονταχέονταweepingχέω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementπόδεςfeetπούς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of φέρονφέρονcarriedφέρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐκout ofἐκ · prepositionprepositionπολέμοιοbattleπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκ - 701
to carry the evil news to Achilles, son of Peleus.
Πηλεΐδῃto Peleus's sonΠηλείδης · dative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈχιλῆϊἈχιλῆϊAchillesἈχιλλεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἀγγελέοντακακὸνevilκακός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔποςἔποςwordἔπος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀγγελέονταἀγγελέονταgoing to reportἀγγέλλω · future active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 702
Nor, Menelaus, nurtured of Zeus, did your heart desire
Metre
οὐδἄρασοὶΜενέλαε‖διοτρεφὲςἤθελεθυμὸς
ἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleσοὶyourσύ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἤθελεΜενέλαεMenelausΜενέλαος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headδιοτρεφὲςZeus-nurturedδιοτρεφής · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Μενέλαεἤθελεdesiredἐθέλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθυμὸςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἤθελε - 703
to defend the hard-pressed companions from whom Antilochus had gone,
Metre
τειρομένοιςἑτάροισιν‖ἀμυνέμενἔνθενἀπῆλθεν
τειρομένοιςhard-pressedτείρω · present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculinemodifies ἑτάροισινἑτάροισινcompanionsἑταῖρος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀμυνέμενἀμυνέμενto defendἀμύνω · present active infinitiveobject of ἤθελεἔνθενfrom whomἔνθεν · adverbobject of ἀπῆλθενἀπῆλθενhad departedἀπέρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἑτάροισιν - 704
and a great loss had come upon the Pylians;
Metre
Ἀντίλοχοςμεγάλη‖δὲποθὴΠυλίοισινἐτύχθη
ἈντίλοχοςAntilochusἈντίλοχος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπῆλθενμεγάληgreatμέγας · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ποθὴδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordποθὴlossποθή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐτύχθηΠυλίοισινupon the PyliansΠύλιος · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἐτύχθηἐτύχθηhad arisenτεύχω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 705
but he sent godlike Thrasymedes among them,
Metre
ἀλλὅγετοῖσινμὲν‖Θρασυμήδεαδῖονἀνῆκεν
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀνῆκενγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleτοῖσινamong themὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἀνῆκενμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleΘρασυμήδεαThrasymedesΘρασυμήδης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀνῆκενδῖονgodlikeδῖος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Θρασυμήδεαἀνῆκενsentἀνίημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 706
while he himself went back to the hero Patroclus.
αὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδbutδέ · particlesentence particleαὖτbackαὖτε · adverbadverbial to βεβήκειἐπὶtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionΠατρόκλῳPatroclusΠάτροκλος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπὶἥρωϊthe heroἥρως · dative singular masculine nounmodifies Πατρόκλῳβεβήκειhad goneβαίνω · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 707
He ran and stood beside the two Ajaxes, and at once addressed them:
Metre
στῆδὲπαρΑἰάντεσσι‖θέωνεἶθαρδὲπροσηύδα
στῆstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionΑἰάντεσσιthe AjaxesΑἴας · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to παῤθέωνrunningθέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to στῆεἶθαρat onceεἶθαρ · adverbadverbial to προσηύδαδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 708
"I have sent that man forward to the swift ships
Metre
κεῖνονμὲνδὴνηυσὶν‖ἐπιπροέηκαθοῇσιν
κεῖνονthat manἐκεῖνος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἐπιπροέηκαμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleνηυσὶνto the shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπιπροέηκαἐπιπροέηκαI have sentἐπιπροίημι · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbθοῇσινswiftθοός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶν - 709
to go to swift-footed Achilles; but I do not think he will
Metre
ἐλθεῖνεἰςἈχιλῆα‖πόδαςταχύνοὐδέμινοἴω
ἐλθεῖνto goἔρχομαι · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἐπιπροέηκαεἰςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἈχιλῆαAchillesἈχιλλεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εἰςπόδαςof footπούς · accusative plural masculine nounadverbial to ταχύνταχύνswiftταχύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχιλῆαμινheμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἰέναιοἴωI thinkοἴομαι · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 710
come now, however angry he may be with godlike Hector,
Metre
νῦνἰέναιμάλαπερ‖κεχολωμένονἝκτοριδίῳ
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἰέναιἰέναιto goεἶμι · present active infinitiveobject of οἴωμάλαhoweverμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleπερmuchπέρ · particleemphasizing particleκεχολωμένονthough angeredχολόω · perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculineadverbial to ἰέναιἝκτοριwith HectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of κεχολωμένονδίῳgodlikeδῖος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτορι - 711
for he could not fight the Trojans while naked.
Metre
οὐγάρπωςἂνγυμνὸς‖ἐὼνΤρώεσσιμάχοιτο
οὐnotοὔπως · adverbemphasizing particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleπωςin any wayοὔπως · adverbemphasizing particleἂνwouldἄν · particlesentence particleγυμνὸςunarmedγυμνός · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐὼνbeingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μάχοιτοΤρώεσσιthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of μάχοιτομάχοιτοwould fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 712
But let us ourselves devise the best plan,
Metre
ἡμεῖςαὐτοίπερ‖φραζώμεθαμῆτινἀρίστην
ἡμεῖςweἐγώ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of φραζώμεθαδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὐτοίwe ourselvesαὐτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπερat leastπέρ · particleemphasizing particleφραζώμεθαlet us considerφράζω · present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbμῆτινplanμῆτις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of φραζώμεθαἀρίστηνbestἄριστος · accusative singular feminine superlative adjectivemodifies μῆτιν - 713
both how we may drag away the corpse and how we ourselves
Metre
ἠμὲνὅπωςτὸννεκρὸν‖ἐρύσσομενἠδὲκαὶαὐτοὶ
ἠμὲνbothἠμέν · conjunctionsentence particleὅπωςhowὅπως · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτὸνtheὁ · accusative singular masculine articlemodifies νεκρὸννεκρὸνcorpseνεκρός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐρύσσομενἐρύσσομενwe may dragἐρύω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to ἠδὲἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleαὐτοὶwe ourselvesαὐτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 714
may escape death and fate from the Trojans' battle-cry."
Metre
Τρώωνἐξἐνοπῆς‖θάνατονκαὶκῆραφύγωμεν
Τρώωνfrom the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἐνοπῆςἐξout ofἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleἐνοπῆςbattle-dinἐνοπή · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies θάνατονθάνατονdeathθάνατος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκῆραdeathκήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶφύγωμενmay escapeφεύγω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to ἠδὲ - 715
Then great Telamonian Ajax answered him:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἠμείβετ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἠμείβετansweredἀμείβω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbsentence particleμέγαςgreatμέγας · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΑἴαςΤελαμώνιοςTelamonianΤελαμώνιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΑἴαςΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠμείβετ̓ - 716
"All that you have said is right, glorious Menelaus.
Metre
πάντακαταἶσανἔειπες‖ἀγακλεὲςὦΜενέλαε
πάνταallπᾶς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἔειπεςκατaccording toκατά · prepositionprepositionαἶσανrightΑἶσα · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to κατ̓ἔειπεςyou have spokenεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἀγακλεὲςgloriousἀγακλεής · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Μενέλαεὦoὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleΜενέλαεMenelausΜενέλαος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided head - 717
But you and Meriones stoop down very quickly,
Metre
ἀλλὰσὺμὲνκαὶΜηριόνης‖ὑποδύντεμάλὦκα
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleσὺyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καὶμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΜηριόνηςMerionesΜηριόνης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶὑποδύντεhaving stooped beneathὑποδύομαι · aorist active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to φέρετ̓μάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleὦκαquicklyὦκα · adverbadverbial to ὑποδύντε - 718
lift the corpse, and bear it from the toil; behind you
Metre
νεκρὸνἀείραντες‖φέρετἐκπόνουαὐτὰρὄπισθε
νεκρὸνcorpseνεκρός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὑποδύντεἀείραντεςhaving liftedἀείρω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to φέρετ̓φέρετcarryφέρω · present active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπόνουthe struggleπόνος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκαὐτὰρwhileἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὄπισθεbehindὄπισθεν · adverbadverbial to μαχησόμεθα - 719
we two will fight the Trojans and godlike Hector,
Metre
νῶϊμαχησόμεθα‖ΤρωσίντεκαὶἝκτοριδίῳ
νῶϊwe twoἐγώ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of μαχησόμεθαμαχησόμεθαwill fightμάχομαι · future middle indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbΤρωσίνthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἝκτοριHectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶδίῳgodlikeδῖος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτορι - 720
equal in spirit and bearing the same name, we who before now
Metre
ἶσονθυμὸνἔχοντες‖ὁμώνυμοιοἳτὸπάροςπερ
ἶσονequalἴσος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμὸνθυμὸνspiritθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔχοντεςἔχοντεςhavingἔχω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to μαχησόμεθαὁμώνυμοιsharing one nameὁμώνυμος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies νῶϊοἳwe whoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of μίμνομεντὸinὁ · accusative singular neuter articlemodifies πάροςπάροςformer timesπάρος · adverbadverbial to μίμνομενπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particle - 721
have stood side by side and endured sharp Ares."
Metre
μίμνομενὀξὺνἌρηα‖παρἀλλήλοισιμένοντες
μίμνομενstand firmμίμνω · imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verbverb of a clause describing νῶϊὀξὺνsharpὀξύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἌρηαἌρηαAresἌρης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of μίμνομενπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionἀλλήλοισιone anotherἀλλήλων · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to παῤμένοντεςholding groundμένω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to μίμνομεν - 722
So he spoke; the two took the corpse in their arms from the ground
Metre
ὣςἔφαθοἳἄρανεκρὸν‖ἀπὸχθονὸςἀγκάζοντο
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφαθ̓ἔφαθhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοἳthe twoὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἀγκάζοντοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleνεκρὸνcorpseνεκρός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀγκάζοντοἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionχθονὸςgroundχθών · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἀπὸἀγκάζοντοwere lifting in armsἀγκάζομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 723
and raised it very high with a mighty effort; behind them the Trojan
Metre
ὕψιμάλαμεγάλως‖ἐπὶἴαχελαὸςὄπισθε
ὕψιaloftὕψι · adverbadverbial to ἀγκάζοντομάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleμεγάλωςwith mighty effortμεγάλως · adverbadverbial to ἀγκάζοντοἐπὶat themἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἴαχεcried outἰάχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbλαὸςhostλαός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἴαχεὄπισθεbehindὄπισθεν · adverbmodifies λαὸς - 724
host cried out when they saw the Achaeans lifting the corpse.
Metre
Τρωϊκόςὡςεἴδοντο‖νέκυναἴρονταςἈχαιούς
ΤρωϊκόςTrojanΤρωικός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies λαὸςὡςwhenὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionεἴδοντοthey sawεἶδον · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὡςνέκυνcorpseνέκυς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of αἴρονταςαἴρονταςliftingαἴρω · present active participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complementἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of εἴδοντο - 725
They charged straight on like dogs that rush upon a wounded boar
Metre
ἴθυσανδὲκύνεσσιν‖ἐοικότεςοἵἐπὶκάπρῳ
ἴθυσανpressed onἰθύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκύνεσσινdogsκύων · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐοικότεςἐοικότεςresemblingἔοικα · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἴθυσανοἵwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἀΐξωσιτthatτε · particlesentence particleἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionκάπρῳa boarκάπρος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπὶ - 726
before a band of young huntsmen.
Metre
βλημένῳἀΐξωσι‖πρὸκούρωνθηρητήρων
βλημένῳwoundedβάλλω · aorist middle participle, dative singular masculinemodifies κάπρῳἀΐξωσιrushἀίσσω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing κύνεσσινπρὸbeforeπρό · prepositionprepositionκούρωνyoungκόρος · genitive plural masculine nounadverbial to πρὸθηρητήρωνhuntersθηρατήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies κούρων - 727
For as long as they run, eager to tear him apart,
ἕωςas long asἕως · adverbadverbial to θέουσιμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτεeverτε · particlesentence particleθέουσιthey runθέω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδιαρραῖσαιto tear apartδιαρραίω · aorist active infinitiveobject of μεμαῶτεςμεμαῶτεςeagerμέμαα · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to θέουσι - 728
but when he wheels among them, trusting in his strength,
Metre
ἀλλὅτεδήἐντοῖσιν‖ἑλίξεταιἀλκὶπεποιθώς
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordὅτεwhenὅτε · adverbadverbial to ἑλίξεταιδήindeedδή · particlesentence particleῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionτοῖσινamong themὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἐνἑλίξεταιwheelsἑλίσσω · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἀνεχώρησανἀλκὶin his strengthἀλκί · dative singular feminine nounobject of πεποιθώςπεποιθώςtrustingπείθω · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἑλίξεται - 729
they draw back again and scatter in fear, each a different way.
Metre
ἄψἀνεχώρησαν‖διάἔτρεσανἄλλυδιςἄλλος
ἄψbackἄψ · adverbadverbial to ἀνεχώρησαντandτε · particlesentence particleἀνεχώρησανdrew backἀναχωρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδιάin all directionsδιά · prepositionemphasizing particleτandτε · particlecoordinating wordἔτρεσανscattered in fearτρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἄλλυδιςin different directionsἄλλυδις · adverbadverbialἄλλοςeachἄλλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject - 730
So the Trojans, as long as they followed always in a mass,
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἕποντοΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἕποντοεἷοςas long asεἷος · adverbadverbial to ἕποντομὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleὁμιλαδὸνin a massὁμιλαδόν · adverbadverbial to ἕποντοαἰὲνcontinuallyἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἕποντοἕποντοfollowedἕπομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 731
stabbing with swords and double-pointed spears
Metre
νύσσοντεςξίφεσίν‖τεκαὶἔγχεσινἀμφιγύοισιν
νύσσοντεςthrustingνύσσω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἕποντοξίφεσίνwith swordsξίφος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἔγχεσινwith spearsἔγχος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to καὶἀμφιγύοισινdouble-pointedἀμφίγυος · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχεσιν - 732
but when the two Ajaxes turned about against them
Metre
ἀλλὅτεδήΑἴαντε‖μεταστρεφθέντεκαταὐτοὺς
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · adverbadverbial to σταίησανδήindeedδή · particleemphasizing particleῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleΑἴαντεthe two AjaxesΑἴας · nominative dual masculine nounsubject of σταίησανμεταστρεφθέντεhaving turned aroundμεταστρέφω · aorist passive participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to σταίησανκατagainstκατά · prepositionprepositionαὐτοὺςthemαὐτός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to κατ̓ - 733
and stood fast, their skin changed color, and no one dared
Metre
σταίησαντῶνδὲ‖τράπετοχρώςοὐδέτιςἔτλη
σταίησανstood fastἵστημι · aorist active optative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to τράπετοτῶνtheirὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies χρώςδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleτράπετοchangedτρέπω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχρώςskin colorχρώς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τράπετοτιςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔτληἔτληdaredτλάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 734
spring forward and struggle for the corpse.
Metre
πρόσσωἀΐξας‖περὶνεκροῦδηριάασθαι
πρόσσωforwardπρόσω · adverbobject of ἀΐξαςἀΐξαςhaving dartedἀίσσω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔτληπερὶforπερί · prepositionprepositionνεκροῦcorpseνεκρός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of περὶδηριάασθαιto struggleδηριάομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἔτλη - 735
So the two, straining hard, bore the corpse from the fighting
Metre
ὣςοἵἐμμεμαῶτε‖νέκυνφέρονἐκπολέμοιο
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φέρονοἵthe twoὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of φέρονγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἐμμεμαῶτεstraining hardἐμμεμαώς · perfect active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to φέροννέκυνcorpseνέκυς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of φέρονφέρονwere carryingφέρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐκout ofἐκ · prepositionprepositionπολέμοιοbattleπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκ - 736
toward the hollow ships; and war was stretched tight around them,
Metre
νῆαςἔπιγλαφυράς‖ἐπὶδὲπτόλεμοςτέτατόσφιν
νῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἔπιἔπιtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionγλαφυράςhollowγλαφυρός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςἐπὶaroundἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπτόλεμοςwarπόλεμος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τέτατότέτατόhad been stretchedτείνω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbσφινaround themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of τέτατό - 737
savage as fire that, rushing upon a city of men,
Metre
ἄγριοςἠΰτεπῦρ‖τόἐπεσσύμενονπόλινἀνδρῶν
ἄγριοςsavageἄγριος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πτόλεμοςἠΰτεasἠύτε · particleadverbialπῦρfireπῦρ · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectτόthatὁ · nominative singular neuter pronounsubject of φλεγέθειτeverτε · particlesentence particleἐπεσσύμενονhaving rushedἐπισεύω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuteradverbial to φλεγέθειπόλινcityπόλις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπεσσύμενονἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies πόλιν - 738
suddenly flares up; houses waste away
Metre
ὄρμενονἐξαίφνης‖φλεγέθειμινύθουσιδὲοἶκοι
ὄρμενονhaving arisenὄρνυμι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular neuteradverbial to φλεγέθειἐξαίφνηςsuddenlyἐξαίφνης · adverbadverbial to ὄρμενονφλεγέθειflares upφλεγέθω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δὲμινύθουσιwaste awayμινύθω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing δὲδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἶκοιhousesοἶκος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of μινύθουσι - 739
in the great blaze, while the force of the wind roars over it.
Metre
ἐνσέλαϊμεγάλῳ‖τὸἐπιβρέμειἲςἀνέμοιο
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionσέλαϊblazeσέλας · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐνμεγάλῳgreatμέγας · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies σέλαϊτὸover itὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of ἐπιβρέμειδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπιβρέμειroars over itἐπιβρέμω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἲςforceἴς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐπιβρέμειἀνέμοιοof windἄνεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἲς - 740
So the ceaseless clamor of horses and spearmen
Metre
ὣςμὲντοῖςἵππων‖τεκαὶἀνδρῶναἰχμητάων
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐπήϊενμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleτοῖςupon themὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἐπήϊενἵππωνof horsesἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καὶαἰχμητάωνspearmenαἰχμητής · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἀνδρῶν - 741
came upon them as they went.
Metre
ἀζηχὴςὀρυμαγδὸς‖ἐπήϊενἐρχομένοισιν
ἀζηχὴςunceasingἀζηχής · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὀρυμαγδὸςὀρυμαγδὸςdinὀρυμαγδός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐπήϊενἐπήϊενcame uponἔπειμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐρχομένοισινas they wentἔρχομαι · present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculinemodifies τοῖς - 742
And as mules, clothing themselves in mighty strength,
Metre
οἳὥςἡμίονοι‖κρατερὸνμένοςἀμφιβαλόντες
οἳthe twoὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsentence particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὥςasὡς · adverbadverbial to ἕλκωσ̓θasτε · particlesentence particleἡμίονοιmulesἡμίονος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἕλκωσ̓κρατερὸνmightyκρατερός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies μένοςμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀμφιβαλόντεςἀμφιβαλόντεςclothed inἀμφιβάλλω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἕλκωσ̓ - 743
drag down from a mountain along a rugged track
Metre
ἕλκωσἐξὄρεος‖κατὰπαιπαλόεσσανἀταρπὸν
ἕλκωσdragἕλκω · present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbialἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionὄρεοςmountainὄρος · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἐξκατὰalongκατά · prepositionprepositionπαιπαλόεσσανruggedπαιπαλόεις · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀταρπὸνἀταρπὸνtrackἀτραπός · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to κατὰ - 744
a beam or a great piece of timber for a ship, and their hearts
Metre
ἢδοκὸνἠὲδόρυ‖μέγανήϊονἐνδέτεθυμὸς
ἢorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleδοκὸνbeamδοκός · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἠὲἠὲorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordδόρυtimberδόρυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἠὲμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δόρυνήϊονfor a shipνήιος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δόρυἐνwithinἐν · prepositionemphasizing particleδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεandτε · particlesentence particleθυμὸςheartsθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τείρεθ̓ - 745
are worn together by toil and sweat as they hurry on,
Metre
τείρεθὁμοῦκαμάτῳ‖τεκαὶἱδρῷσπευδόντεσσιν
τείρεθis worn downτείρω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δέὁμοῦtogetherὁμοῦ · adverbadverbial to τείρεθ̓καμάτῳby toilκάματος · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἱδρῷsweatἱδρώς · dative singular feminine nounobject of καὶσπευδόντεσσινas they hurryσπεύδω · present active participle, dative plural masculineadverbial to τείρεθ̓ - 746
so the two, straining hard, bore the corpse. Behind them
Metre
ὣςοἵἐμμεμαῶτε‖νέκυνφέροναὐτὰρὄπισθεν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φέρονοἵthe twoὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of φέρονγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἐμμεμαῶτεstraining hardἐμμεμαώς · perfect active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to φέροννέκυνcorpseνέκυς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of φέρονφέρονcarriedφέρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbαὐτὰρwhileἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὄπισθενbehind themὄπισθεν · adverbadverbial to ἰσχανέτην - 747
the two Ajaxes held the enemy back, as a wooded ridge,
Metre
Αἴαντἰσχανέτην‖ὥςτεπρὼνἰσχάνειὕδωρ
Αἴαντthe two AjaxesΑἴας · nominative dual masculine nounsubject of ἰσχανέτηνἰσχανέτηνwere holding backἰσχάνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbὥςasὡς · adverbadverbial to ἰσχάνειτεasτε · particlesentence particleπρὼνa ridgeπρών · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἰσχάνειἰσχάνειholds backἰσχάνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἰσχανέτηνὕδωρwaterὕδωρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἰσχάνει - 748
stretching unbroken across a plain, holds back water,
Metre
ὑλήειςπεδίοιο‖διαπρύσιοντετυχηκώς
ὑλήειςwoodedὑλήεις · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πρὼνπεδίοιοof the plainπεδίον · genitive singular neuter nounpredicate nounδιαπρύσιονunbroken acrossδιαπρύσιος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveprepositionτετυχηκώςformedτυγχάνω · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἰσχάνει - 749
and checks the grievous streams even of mighty rivers,
Metre
ὅςτεκαὶἰφθίμων‖ποταμῶνἀλεγεινὰῥέεθρα
ὅςwhichὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἴσχειτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἰφθίμωνmightyἴφθιμος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ποταμῶνποταμῶνof riversποταμός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ῥέεθραἀλεγεινὰgrievousἀλεγεινός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ῥέεθραῥέεθραstreamsῥεῖθρον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἴσχει - 750
turning the course of them all at once toward the plain;
Metre
ἴσχειἄφαρδέτεπᾶσι‖ῥόονπεδίονδὲτίθησι
ἴσχειchecksἴσχω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δέἄφαρat onceἄφαρ · adverbadverbial to τίθησιδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεandτε · particlesentence particleπᾶσιfor allπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to τίθησιῥόονcourseῥόος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τίθησιπεδίονplainπεδίον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of τίθησιδὲtowardδέ · particleemphasizing particleτίθησιturnsτίθημι · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δέ - 751
nor do the flowing rivers break it with their strength.
Metre
πλάζωνοὐδέτίμιν‖σθένεϊῥηγνῦσιῥέοντες
πλάζωνturning asideπλάζω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to τίθησιτίat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to ῥηγνῦσιμινitμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ῥηγνῦσισθένεϊwith strengthσθένος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ῥηγνῦσιῥηγνῦσιbreakῥήγνυμι · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbῥέοντεςflowingῥέω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ῥηγνῦσι - 752
So the two Ajaxes always held back the Trojan battle behind them.
Metre
ὣςαἰεὶΑἴαντε‖μάχηνἀνέεργονὀπίσσω
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἀνέεργοναἰεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἀνέεργονΑἴαντεthe two AjaxesΑἴας · nominative dual masculine nounsubject of ἀνέεργονμάχηνbattleμάχη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀνέεργονἀνέεργονheld backἀνείργω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὀπίσσωbehindὀπίσω · adverbadverbial to ἀνέεργον - 753
Yet they followed close, and foremost among them were two,
Metre
Τρώωνοἳἅμἕποντο‖δύωἐντοῖσιμάλιστα
Τρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies μάχηνοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἕποντοδandδέ · particlesentence particleἅμcloseἅμα · adverbadverbial to ἕποντοἕποντοfollowedἕπομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδύωtwoδύο · numeralsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionτοῖσιamong themὁ · dative plural masculine pronounpredicate nounμάλισταabove allμάλα · superlative adverbadverbial - 754
Aeneas, son of Anchises, and glorious Hector.
ΑἰνείαςAeneasΑἰνείας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶτandτε · particlesentence particleἈγχισιάδηςson of AnchisesἈγχισιάδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Αἰνείαςκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordφαίδιμοςgloriousφαίδιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 755
As a cloud of starlings or jackdaws comes on
Metre
τῶνὥςτεψαρῶν‖νέφοςἔρχεταιἠὲκολοιῶν
τῶνof theseὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounsentence particleδandδέ · particlesentence particleὥςasὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔρχεταιτεasτε · particlesentence particleψαρῶνstarlingsψάρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἠὲνέφοςcloudνέφος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔρχεταιἔρχεταιcomes onἔρχομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὣςἠὲorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκολοιῶνjackdawsκολοιός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἠὲ - 756
shrieking ruinously when they see a hawk coming,
Metre
οὖλονκεκλήγοντες‖ὅτεπροΐδωσινἰόντα
οὖλονruinouslyοὖλος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to κεκλήγοντεςκεκλήγοντεςshriekingκλάζω · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἔρχεταιὅτεwhenὅτε · adverbadverbial to προΐδωσινπροΐδωσινsee approachingπροεῖδον · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἔρχεταιἰόνταcomingεἶμι · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 757
which brings death to small birds,
Metre
κίρκονὅτεσμικρῇσι‖φόνονφέρειὀρνίθεσσιν
κίρκονhawkκίρκος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προΐδωσινὅwhichὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of φέρειτεeverτε · particlesentence particleσμικρῇσιto smallμικρός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ὀρνίθεσσινφόνονdeathφόνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of φέρειφέρειbringsφέρω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing κίρκονὀρνίθεσσινbirdsὄρνις · dative plural feminine nounobject of φέρει - 758
so before Aeneas and Hector the young Achaeans
Metre
ὣςἄρὑπΑἰνείᾳ‖τεκαὶἝκτορικοῦροιἈχαιῶν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἴσανἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὑπbeforeὑπό · prepositionprepositionΑἰνείᾳAeneasΑἰνείας · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἝκτοριHectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to καὶκοῦροιyoung menκοῦρος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἴσανἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies κοῦροι - 759
went on with ruinous cries and forgot the joy of battle.
Metre
οὖλονκεκλήγοντες‖ἴσανλήθοντοδὲχάρμης
οὖλονruinouslyοὖλος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to κεκλήγοντεςκεκλήγοντεςshoutingκλάζω · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἴσανἴσανwentεἶμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbλήθοντοforgotλανθάνω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχάρμηςof battleχάρμη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of λήθοντο - 760
Much fine armor fell around and about the trench
Metre
πολλὰδὲτεύχεακαλὰ‖πέσονπερίἀμφίτετάφρον
πολλὰmuchπολύς · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχεαδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεύχεαarmorτεῦχος · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of πέσονκαλὰfairκαλός · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχεαπέσονfellπίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπερίaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionτandτε · particlesentence particleἀμφίaboutἀμφί · prepositionprepositionτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordτάφρονtrenchτάφρος · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀμφί - 761
as the Danaans fled, and there was no pause in the fighting.
Metre
φευγόντωνΔαναῶν‖πολέμουοὐγίγνετἐρωή
φευγόντωνas they fledφεύγω · present active participle, genitive plural masculineadverbial to πέσονΔαναῶνof the DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounsubject of φευγόντωνπολέμουin battleπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἐρωήδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγίγνετwas thereγίγνομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐρωήpauseἐρωή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of γίγνετ̓
The particulars
- The text
- Ἰλιάς, Homer. The Patrocleia.
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- Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
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