Ancient Greek · The Wrath
Ἰλιάδος Ζ
Book 6. Glaucus and Diomedes, Hector and Andromache
Glaucus and Diomedes trade armor on the field. In Troy, Hector finds his wife Andromache and their son at the wall and says goodbye.
Tap a line to open its words. The mark beside it plays it.
- 1
The grim battle-din of Trojans and Achaeans was left alone;
Metre
Τρώωνοἰώθη‖καὶἈχαιῶνφύλοπιςαἰνή
Τρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies καὶδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἰώθηwas left aloneοἰόομαι · aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies καὶφύλοπιςbattle-dinφύλοπις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of οἰώθηαἰνήgrimαἰνός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies φύλοπις - 2
and over the plain the fighting drove now here, now there,
Metre
πολλὰἄρἔνθακαὶἔνθ‖ἴθυσεμάχηπεδίοιο
πολλὰfar and wideπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἴθυσεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔνθαhereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἔνθthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to καὶἴθυσεdroveἰθύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμάχηfightingμάχη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἴθυσεπεδίοιοacross the plainπεδίον · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἴθυσε - 3
as they aimed their bronze-shod spears at one another
Metre
ἀλλήλωνἰθυνομένων‖χαλκήρεαδοῦρα
ἀλλήλωνat one anotherἀλλήλων · genitive plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἰθυνομένωνἰθυνομένωνaimingἰθύνω · present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculineadverbial to ἴθυσεχαλκήρεαbronze-shodχαλκήρης · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δοῦραδοῦραspearsδόρυ · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἰθυνομένων - 4
between the streams of Simois and Xanthus.
Metre
μεσσηγὺςΣιμόεντος‖ἰδὲΞάνθοιοῥοάων
μεσσηγὺςbetweenμεσηγύ · prepositionprepositionΣιμόεντοςSimoisΣιμόεις · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἰδὲἰδὲandἰδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordΞάνθοιοXanthusΞάνθος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἰδὲῥοάωνstreamsῥοή · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to μεσσηγὺς - 5
First Telamonian Ajax, bulwark of the Achaeans,
Metre
Αἴαςδὲπρῶτος‖ΤελαμώνιοςἕρκοςἈχαιῶν
ΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπρῶτοςfirstπρῶτος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementΤελαμώνιοςTelamonianΤελαμών · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Αἴαςἕρκοςbulwarkἕρκος · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἕρκος - 6
broke the Trojan line and made light for his comrades
Metre
Τρώωνῥῆξεφάλαγγα‖φόωςἑτάροισινἔθηκεν
ΤρώωνTrojanΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies φάλαγγαῥῆξεbrokeῥήγνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφάλαγγαbattle-lineφάλαγξ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ῥῆξεφόωςlightφόως · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔθηκενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἑτάροισινfor his comradesἑταῖρος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἔθηκενἔθηκενmadeτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 7
by striking a man who proved the best among the Thracians,
Metre
ἄνδραβαλὼνὃςἄριστος‖ἐνὶΘρῄκεσσιτέτυκτο
ἄνδραa manἀνήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobjectβαλὼνhaving struckβάλλω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δ̓ὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of τέτυκτοἄριστοςbestἄριστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐνὶamongἐν · prepositionprepositionΘρῄκεσσιthe Thraciansθρᾷξ · dative plural masculine nounmodifies ἐνὶτέτυκτοhad provedτεύχω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing - 8
Acamas, son of Eussorus, both noble and tall.
Metre
υἱὸνἘϋσσώρου‖Ἀκάμαντἠΰντεμέγαντε
υἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἘϋσσώρουof EussorusἘΰσσωρος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνἈκάμαντAcamasἈκάμας · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἠΰνnobleἐύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τετεbothτε · particlesentence particleμέγανtallμέγας · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 9
him he struck first on the ridge of his horsehair helmet,
τόνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔβαλεῥthenἆρα · particlesentence particleἔβαλεstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπρῶτοςfirstπρῶτος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementκόρυθοςof the helmetκόρυς · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies φάλονφάλονcrest-ridgeφάλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔβαλεἱπποδασείηςhorsehair-crestedἱπποδάσεια · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies κόρυθος - 10
and fixed the point in his forehead, and the bronze spearhead
Metre
ἐνδὲμετώπῳπῆξε‖πέρησεἄρὀστέονεἴσω
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleμετώπῳhis foreheadμέτωπον · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἐνπῆξεfixedπήγνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπέρησεdrove throughπεράω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὀστέονboneὀστέον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of εἴσωεἴσωwithinεἴσω · prepositionpreposition - 11
drove through the bone within; and darkness covered his eyes.
Metre
αἰχμὴχαλκείη‖τὸνδὲσκότοςὄσσεκάλυψεν
αἰχμὴspearpointαἰχμή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of πέρησεχαλκείηbronzeχάλκειος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies αἰχμὴτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of κάλυψενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσκότοςdarknessσκότος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κάλυψενὄσσεeyesὄσσα · accusative dual neuter nounobject of κάλυψενκάλυψενcoveredκαλύπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 12
Then Diomedes, good at the war-cry, killed Axylus,
ἌξυλονAxylusἌξυλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔπεφνεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔπεφνεkilledθείνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβοὴνat the war-cryβοή · accusative singular feminine nounmodifies ἀγαθὸςἀγαθὸςgoodἀγαθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιομήδηςΔιομήδηςDiomedesΔιομήδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔπεφνε - 13
son of Teuthranus, who lived in well-built Arisbe,
Metre
Τευθρανίδηνὃςἔναιεν‖ἐϋκτιμένῃἐνἈρίσβῃ
Τευθρανίδηνson of TeuthranusΤευθρανίδης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἄξυλονὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δ̓ἔναιενlivedναίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓ἐϋκτιμένῃwell-builtἐυκτίμενος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἀρίσβῃἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionἈρίσβῃArisbeἈρίσβη · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐν - 14
rich in livelihood and dear to men.
ἀφνειὸςrichἀφνειός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementβιότοιοin livelihoodβίοτος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἀφνειὸςφίλοςdearφίλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἦνwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓ἀνθρώποισιto menἄνθρωπος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἦν - 15
For he welcomed everyone, his house standing beside the road.
Metre
πάνταςγὰρφιλέεσκεν‖ὁδῷἔπιοἰκίαναίων
πάνταςeveryoneπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of φιλέεσκενγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleφιλέεσκενwelcomedφιλέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὁδῷbeside the roadὁδός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἔπιἔπιbyἐπί · prepositionprepositionοἰκίαhis houseοἰκίον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ναίωνναίωνdwellingναίω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to φιλέεσκεν - 16
Yet not one of them then stood between him and bitter death
Metre
ἀλλάοἱοὔτιςτῶν‖γετότἤρκεσελυγρὸνὄλεθρον
ἀλλάyetἀλλά · adverbsentence particleοἱfor himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἤρκεσεοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιςoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἤρκεσετῶνof themὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies τιςγεat leastγε · particleemphasizing particleτότthenτότε · adverbadverbial to ἤρκεσεἤρκεσεwarded offἀρκέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbλυγρὸνbitterλυγρός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὄλεθρονὄλεθρονdeathὄλεθρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἤρκεσε - 17
to meet his killer face to face; he robbed both men of life,
Metre
πρόσθενὑπαντιάσας‖ἀλλἄμφωθυμὸνἀπηύρα
πρόσθενface to faceπρόσθεν · adverbadverbial to ὑπαντιάσαςὑπαντιάσαςmeetingὑπαντιάζω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἤρκεσεἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄμφωbothἄμφω · accusative dual masculine adjectiveobjectθυμὸνlifeθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀπηύραἀπηύραhe robbedἀπαυράω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 18
Axylus himself and his attendant Calesius, who then
Metre
αὐτὸνκαὶθεράποντα‖Καλήσιονὅςῥατόθἵππων
αὐτὸνAxylus himselfαὐτός · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobjectκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordθεράπονταattendantθεράπων · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ΚαλήσιονΚαλήσιονCalesiusκαλήσιος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔσκενῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτόθthereτόθι · adverbadverbial to ἔσκενἵππωνof the horsesἵππος · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies ὑφηνίοχος - 19
served as his charioteer; and both sank beneath the earth.
Metre
ἔσκενὑφηνίοχος‖τὼἄμφωγαῖανἐδύτην
ἔσκενservedεἰμί · imperfect indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Καλήσιονὑφηνίοχοςas charioteerὑφηνίοχος · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate nounτὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of ἐδύτηνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄμφωbothἄμφω · nominative dual masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementγαῖανbeneath the earthγαῖα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐδύτηνἐδύτηνsankδύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verb - 20
Euryalus slew Dresus and Opheltius;
ΔρῆσονDresusΔρῆσον · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΕὐρύαλοςEuryalusΕὐρύαλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐξενάριξεκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὈφέλτιονOpheltiusὈφέλτιος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἐξενάριξεslewἐξεναρίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 21
then went after Aesepus and Pedasus, whom once the nymph
Metre
βῆδὲμετΑἴσηπον‖καὶΠήδασονοὕςποτενύμφη
βῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordμετafterμετά · prepositionprepositionΑἴσηπονAesepusΑἴσηπος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΠήδασονPedasusΠήδασος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶοὕςwhomὅς · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of τέκ̓ποτεonceποτέ · particleadverbial to τέκ̓νύμφηa nymphνύμφη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject - 22
Abarbarea, a naiad, bore to blameless Bucolion.
Metre
νηῒςἈβαρβαρέη‖τέκἀμύμονιΒουκολίωνι
νηῒςnaiadΝαιάς · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectἈβαρβαρέηAbarbareaἈβαρβαρέη · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectτέκboreτίκτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶἀμύμονιto blamelessἀμύμων · dative singular adjectivemodifies ΒουκολίωνιΒουκολίωνιBucolionΒουκολίων · dative singular masculine nounobject of τέκ̓ - 23
Bucolion was the son of glorious Laomedon,
Metre
Βουκολίωνἦνυἱὸς‖ἀγαυοῦΛαομέδοντος
ΒουκολίωνBucolionΒουκολίων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἦνδandδέ · particlesentence particleἦνwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate nounἀγαυοῦof gloriousἀγαυός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΛαομέδοντοςΛαομέδοντοςLaomedonΛαομέδων · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸς - 24
the eldest by birth, but his mother bore him in secret.
Metre
πρεσβύτατοςγενεῇ‖σκότιονδέἑγείνατομήτηρ
πρεσβύτατοςeldestπρέσβυς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱὸςγενεῇby birthγενεά · dative singular feminine nounmodifies πρεσβύτατοςσκότιονin secretσκότιος · accusative singular neuter adjectivecircumstantial complementδέbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἑhimἕ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of γείνατογείνατοboreγείνομαι · aorist indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμήτηρhis motherμήτηρ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of γείνατο - 25
While shepherding among the sheep, he joined with her in love and bed;
Metre
ποιμαίνωνἐπὄεσσι‖μίγηφιλότητικαὶεὐνῇ
ποιμαίνωνwhile shepherdingποιμαίνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μίγηδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐπamongἐπί · prepositionprepositionὄεσσιthe sheepὄις · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπ̓μίγηjoined with herμίγνυμι · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφιλότητιin loveφιλότης · dative singular feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordεὐνῇin bedεὐνή · dative singular feminine nounobject of καὶ - 26
she conceived and gave birth to twin sons.
Metre
ἣὑποκυσαμένη‖διδυμάονεγείνατοπαῖδε
ἣsheὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of γείνατοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὑποκυσαμένηhaving conceivedὑποκύομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to γείνατοδιδυμάονεtwinsδιδυμάων · accusative dual masculine nounmodifies παῖδεγείνατοgave birthγείνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπαῖδεsonsπαῖς · accusative dual masculine nounobject of γείνατο - 27
The strength and shining limbs of both were then unstrung
Metre
καὶμὲντῶνὑπέλυσε‖μένοςκαὶφαίδιμαγυῖα
καὶand indeedκαί · adverbsentence particleμὲνthenμέν · particlesentence particleτῶνof bothὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies καὶὑπέλυσεunstrungὑπολύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordφαίδιμαshiningφαίδιμος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies γυῖαγυῖαlimbsγυῖον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶ - 28
by the son of Mecisteus, who stripped the armor from their shoulders.
Metre
Μηκιστηϊάδης‖καὶἀπὤμωντεύχεἐσύλα
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionὤμωνtheir shouldersὦμος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἀπ̓τεύχεarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐσύλαἐσύλαstrippedσυλάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 29
Steadfast-in-battle Polypoetes killed Astyalus;
ἈστύαλονAstyalusἈστύαλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔπεφνεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔπεφνεkilledθείνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμενεπτόλεμοςsteadfast-in-battleμενεπτόλεμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΠολυποίτηςΠολυποίτηςPolypoetesΠολυποίτης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔπεφνε - 30
Odysseus slew Pidytes of Percote
Metre
ΠιδύτηνὈδυσεὺς‖Περκώσιονἐξενάριξεν
ΠιδύτηνPidytesΠιδύτης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐξενάριξενδandδέ · particlesentence particleὈδυσεὺςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐξενάριξενΠερκώσιονof PercoteΠερκώσιος · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Πιδύτηνἐξενάριξενslewἐξεναρίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 31
with his bronze spear, and Teucer slew godlike Aretaon.
ἔγχεϊwith his spearἔγχος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐξενάριξενχαλκείῳbronzeχάλκειος · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχεϊΤεῦκροςTeucerΤεῦκρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἈρετάοναAretaonἈρετάων · accusative singular masculine nounobjectδῖονgodlikeδῖος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀρετάονα - 32
Antilochus, Nestor's son, killed Ablerus with his shining spear,
ἈντίλοχοςAntilochusἈντίλοχος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐνήρατοδandδέ · particlesentence particleἌβληρονAblerusἌβληρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐνήρατοἐνήρατοkilledἐναίρω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδουρὶwith his spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐνήρατοφαεινῷshiningφαεινός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δουρὶ - 33
and Agamemnon, lord of men, killed Elatus;
Metre
ΝεστορίδηςἜλατον‖δὲἄναξἀνδρῶνἈγαμέμνων
Νεστορίδηςson of NestorΝεστορίδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈντίλοχοςἜλατονElatusἜλατος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄναξlordἄναξ · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγαμέμνωνἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἄναξἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 34
he lived beside the banks of the fair-flowing Satnioeis,
Metre
ναῖεδὲΣατνιόεντος‖ἐϋρρείταοπαρὄχθας
ναῖεlivedναίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΣατνιόεντοςof SatnioeisΣατνιόεις · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὄχθαςἐϋρρείταοfair-flowingἐυρρείτης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Σατνιόεντοςπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionὄχθαςthe banksὄχθη · accusative plural feminine nounobject - 35
in steep Pedasus. The hero Leitus took Phylacus
ΠήδασονPedasusΠήδασος · accusative singular feminine nounobjectαἰπεινήνsteepαἰπεινός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ΠήδασονΦύλακονPhylacusΦύλακος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἕλεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἕλεtookαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΛήϊτοςLeitusΛήῖτος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἕλεἥρωςthe heroἥρως · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Λήϊτος - 36
as he fled, and Eurypylus slew Melanthius.
Metre
φεύγοντΕὐρύπυλος‖δὲΜελάνθιονἐξενάριξεν
φεύγοντas he fledφεύγω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementΕὐρύπυλοςEurypylusΕὐρύπυλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐξενάριξενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΜελάνθιονMelanthiusΜελάνθιος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐξενάριξενἐξενάριξενslewἐξεναρίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 37
Then Menelaus, good at the war-cry, took Adrastus
ἌδρηστονAdrastusἌδρηστος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἕλ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔπειταnextἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἕλ̓βοὴνat the war-cryβοή · accusative singular feminine nounmodifies ἀγαθὸςἀγαθὸςgoodἀγαθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαοςΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἕλ̓ - 38
alive; for his horses, bolting wildly across the plain,
Metre
ζωὸνἕλἵππωγάρ‖οἱἀτυζομένωπεδίοιο
ζωὸνaliveζωός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἄδρηστονἕλtookαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἵππωhis horsesἵππος · nominative dual masculine nounsubject of ἄξαντ̓γάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἵππωἀτυζομένωbolting wildlyἀτύζω · present medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to ἄξαντ̓πεδίοιοacross the plainπεδίον · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἀτυζομένω - 39
were caught in a tamarisk branch and smashed the curved chariot
Metre
ὄζῳἔνιβλαφθέντε‖μυρικίνῳἀγκύλονἅρμα
ὄζῳin a branchὄζος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἔνιἔνιinἐν · prepositionprepositionβλαφθέντεcaughtβλάπτω · aorist passive participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to ἐβήτηνἀγκύλονcurvedἀγκύλος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἅρμαἅρμαchariotἅρμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἄξαντ̓ - 40
at the pole's end; the pair ran on
Metre
ἄξαντἐνπρώτῳ‖ῥυμῷαὐτὼμὲνἐβήτην
ἄξαντhaving smashed itἄγω · aorist active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to ἐβήτηνἐνatἐν · prepositionprepositionπρώτῳthe foremostπρῶτος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ῥυμῷῥυμῷpole-endῥυμός · dative singular masculine nounmodifies ἐναὐτὼthe pair themselvesαὐτός · nominative dual masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementμὲνthenμέν · particlesentence particleἐβήτηνranβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verb - 41
toward the city, where the rest were fleeing in panic,
Metre
πρὸςπόλινᾗπεροἱἄλλοι‖ἀτυζόμενοιφοβέοντο
πρὸςtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionπόλινthe cityπόλις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of πρὸςᾗwhereᾗ · adverbobject of φοβέοντοπερindeedπέρ · particlesentence particleοἱtheὁ · nominative plural masculine articlemodifies ἄλλοιἄλλοιothersἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of φοβέοντοἀτυζόμενοιpanic-strickenἀτύζω · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to φοβέοντοφοβέοντοwere fleeingφοβέω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing πόλιν - 42
but he rolled from the chariot beside the wheel
αὐτὸςhe himselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of ἐξεκυλίσθηδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionδίφροιοthe chariotδίφρος · genitive singular masculine nounobjectπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionτροχὸνthe wheelτροχός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἐξεκυλίσθηrolled outἐκκυλίνδω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 43
headfirst, face in the dust; and beside him stood
Metre
πρηνὴςἐνκονίῃσιν‖ἐπὶστόμαπὰρδέοἱἔστη
πρηνὴςheadfirstπρηνής · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionκονίῃσινthe dustκονία · dative plural feminine nounobjectἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionστόμαhis faceστόμα · accusative singular neuter nounobjectπὰρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of πὰρἔστηstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 44
Menelaus, son of Atreus, holding his long-shadowed spear.
Metre
ἈτρεΐδηςΜενέλαος‖ἔχωνδολιχόσκιονἔγχος
Ἀτρεΐδηςson of AtreusἈτρείδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΜενέλαοςΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔστηἔχωνholdingἔχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔστηδολιχόσκιονlong-shadowedδολιχόσκιος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔχων - 45
Adrastus grasped his knees and begged him:
ἌδρηστοςAdrastusἌδρηστος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐλίσσετοδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρindeedἄρα · particlesentence particleἔπειταnextἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἐλίσσετολαβὼνgraspingλαμβάνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to Ἄδρηστοςἐλίσσετοbeggedλίσσομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγούνωνhis kneesγόνυ · genitive plural neuter nounobject of λαβὼν - 46
"Take me alive, son of Atreus, and accept a worthy ransom.
Metre
ζώγρειἈτρέοςυἱέ‖σὺἄξιαδέξαιἄποινα
ζώγρειtake me aliveζωγρέω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἈτρέοςof AtreusἈτρεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱέυἱέsonυἱός · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of δέξαιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄξιαworthyἄξιος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἄποιναδέξαιacceptδέχομαι · aorist imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἄποιναransomἄποινα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of δέξαι - 47
Many treasures lie in my wealthy father's house:
Metre
πολλὰἐνἀφνειοῦ‖πατρὸςκειμήλιακεῖται
πολλὰmanyπολύς · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies κειμήλιαδforδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionἀφνειοῦwealthyἀφνειός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies πατρὸςπατρὸςmy father’sπατήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifiesκειμήλιαtreasuresκειμήλιον · nominative plural neuter nounsubjectκεῖταιlieκεῖμαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 48
bronze and gold and iron wrought with toil.
Metre
χαλκόςτεχρυσός‖τεπολύκμητόςτεσίδηρος
χαλκόςbronzeχαλκός · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectτεandτε · particlesentence particleχρυσόςgoldχρυσός · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectτεandτε · particlesentence particleπολύκμητόςmuch-workedπολύκμητος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies σίδηροςτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordσίδηροςironσίδηρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 49
From these my father would grant you boundless ransom
Metre
τῶνκέντοιχαρίσαιτο‖πατὴρἀπερείσιἄποινα
τῶνfrom theseὁ · genitive plural neuter pronounmodifies ἄποινακένwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleτοιfor youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of χαρίσαιτοχαρίσαιτοgrantχαρίζομαι · aorist medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describingπατὴρmy fatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of χαρίσαιτοἀπερείσιboundlessἀπερείσιος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἄποιναἄποιναransomἄποινος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of χαρίσαιτο - 50
if he heard that I was alive beside the ships of the Achaeans."
Metre
εἴκενἐμὲζωὸν‖πεπύθοιτἐπὶνηυσὶνἈχαιῶν
εἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκενshouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleἐμὲmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of πεπύθοιτ̓ζωὸνaliveζωός · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπεπύθοιτhe heard ofπυνθάνομαι · aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἴἐπὶbesideἐπί · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶνthe shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounmodifies ἐπὶἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶν - 51
So he spoke, and began to persuade the heart in Menelaus's breast;
Metre
ὣςφάτοτῷἄραθυμὸν‖ἐνὶστήθεσσινἔπειθε
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάτοφάτοhe spokeφημί · aorist indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτῷhisὁ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies θυμὸνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleθυμὸνheartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔπειθεἐνὶwithinἐν · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσινhis breastστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounmodifies ἐνὶἔπειθεbegan persuadingπείθω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 52
and soon Menelaus was about to have him led to the Achaeans' swift ships
Metre
καὶδήμιντάχἔμελλε‖θοὰςἐπὶνῆαςἈχαιῶν
καὶandκαί · adverbsentence particleδήindeedδή · particlesentence particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of δώσειντάχsoonτάχα · adverbadverbial to ἔμελλεἔμελλεwas aboutμέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθοὰςswiftθοός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςἐπὶtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπὶἈχαιῶνof the Achaeans̓ἀχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies νῆας - 53
by giving him to his attendant; but Agamemnon
Metre
δώσεινᾧθεράποντι‖καταξέμενἀλλἈγαμέμνων
δώσεινto giveδίδωμι · future active infinitiveobject of ἔμελλεθεράποντιattendantθεράπων · dative singular masculine nounobject of δώσεινκαταξέμενto lead downκατάγω · future active infinitiveadverbial to δώσεινἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 54
ran to meet him and called out in rebuke:
Metre
ἀντίοςἦλθεθέων‖καὶὁμοκλήσαςἔποςηὔδα
ἀντίοςto meet himἀντίος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἦλθεcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθέωνrunningθέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἦλθεκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὁμοκλήσαςcalling in rebukeὁμοκλέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ηὔδαἔποςa wordἔπος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ηὔδαηὔδαspokeαὐδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 55
"Dear Menelaus, why do you care so much
Metre
ὦπέπονὦΜενέλαε‖τίἢδὲσὺκήδεαιοὕτως
ὦOὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleπέπονdear oneπέπων · vocative singular neuter adjectivegoverned by an elided headὦOὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleΜενέλαεMenelausΜενέλαος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headτίwhyτίς · irregularadverbial to κήδεαιἢprayἤ · interjectionsentence particleδὲthenδέ · particleemphasizing particleσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of κήδεαικήδεαιcareκήδω · present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbοὕτωςso muchοὕτως · adverbadverbial to κήδεαι - 56
for men? Have the Trojans treated you so well in your own house?
Metre
ἀνδρῶνἦσοὶἄριστα‖πεποίηταικατὰοἶκον
ἀνδρῶνfor menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounobject of κήδεαιἦsurelyἦ · adverbsentence particleσοὶfor youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of πεποίηταιἄρισταvery wellἄριστον · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of πεποίηταιπεποίηταιhave they doneποιέω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionοἶκονyour houseοἶκος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to κατὰ - 57
Let not one of them escape sheer destruction
Metre
πρὸςΤρώωντῶνμή‖τιςὑπεκφύγοιαἰπὺνὄλεθρον
πρὸςat the handsπρός · prepositionprepositionΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounadverbial to πρὸςτῶνof themὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies τιςμήlet notμή · adverbemphasizing particleτιςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ὑπεκφύγοιὑπεκφύγοιescapeὑπεκφεύγω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαἰπὺνsheerαἰπύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὄλεθρονὄλεθρονdestructionὄλεθρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of θ̓ - 58
at our hands, not even the boy an expectant mother
Metre
χεῖράςἡμετέρας‖μηδὅντιναγαστέριμήτηρ
χεῖράςhandsχείρ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of θ̓θevenτε · particlecoordinating wordἡμετέραςourἡμέτερος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies χεῖράςὅνwhomὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of φέροιτιναanyτις · accusative singular masculine pronounmodifies ὅνγαστέριin her wombγαστήρ · dative singular feminine nounobject of φέροιμήτηρa motherμήτηρ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of φέροι - 59
carries in her womb; let not even he escape, but all together
Metre
κοῦρονἐόνταφέροι‖μηδὃςφύγοιἀλλἅμαπάντες
κοῦρονa boyκόρος · accusative singular masculine nounpredicate nounἐόνταbeingεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementφέροιmight carryφέρω · present active optative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ὃςὃςeven heὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of φύγοιφύγοιescapeφεύγω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbcoordinating wordἅμαtogetherἅμα · adverbadverbial to ἐξαπολοίατ̓πάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἐξαπολοίατ̓ - 60
perish from Ilion, unmourned and wiped away."
Metre
Ἰλίουἐξαπολοίατ‖ἀκήδεστοικαὶἄφαντοι
Ἰλίουfrom IlionἼλιος · genitive singular feminine adjectiveobject of ἐξαπολοίατ̓ἐξαπολοίατmay they perishἐξαπόλλυμι · aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀκήδεστοιunmournedἀκήδεστος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄφαντοιwiped awayἄφαντος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 61
So speaking, the hero turned his brother's mind
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνἔτρεψεν‖ἀδελφειοῦφρέναςἥρως
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔτρεψενἔτρεψενturnedτρέπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀδελφειοῦhis brother’sἀδελφός · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies φρέναςφρέναςmindφρήν · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἔτρεψενἥρωςthe heroἥρως · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔτρεψεν - 62
by urging what was due; Menelaus shoved away with his hand
αἴσιμαwhat was dueαἴσιμος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of παρειπώνπαρειπώνurgingπαρεῖπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔτρεψενὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ὤσατοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπὸaway fromἀπό · prepositionprepositionἕθενhimselfἕ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of ἀπὸὤσατοshovedὠθέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχειρὶwith his handχείρ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ὤσατο - 63
the hero Adrastus; then the lord Agamemnon
ἥρωthe heroἥρως · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ἌδρηστονἌδρηστονAdrastusἌδρηστος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὤσατοτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of οὖταδὲthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordκρείωνlordκρείων · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈγαμέμνωνἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of οὖτα - 64
stabbed him in the flank. He toppled backward, and the son of Atreus
Metre
οὖτακατὰλαπάρην‖ὃἀνετράπετἈτρεΐδηςδὲ
οὖταstabbedοὐτάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionλαπάρηνthe flankλαπάρα · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to κατὰὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀνετράπετ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἀνετράπετtoppled backwardἀνατρέπω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈτρεΐδηςson of AtreusἈτρείδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐξέσπασεδὲthenδέ · particlecoordinating word - 65
planted a heel on his chest and wrenched out the ash spear.
Metre
λὰξἐνστήθεσιβὰς‖ἐξέσπασεμείλινονἔγχος
λὰξwith his heelλάξ · adverbadverbial to βὰςἐνonἐν · prepositionprepositionστήθεσιhis chestστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἐνβὰςplantingβαίνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐξέσπασεἐξέσπασεwrenched outἐκσπάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμείλινονashwoodμέλινος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐξέσπασε - 66
Then Nestor called to the Argives with a far-carrying shout:
Metre
ΝέστωρἈργείοισιν‖ἐκέκλετομακρὸνἀΰσας
ΝέστωρNestorΝέστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐκέκλετοδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἈργείοισινto the ArgivesἈργεῖος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐκέκλετοἐκέκλετοcalledκέλομαι · aorist indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμακρὸνfar-carryingμακρός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀΰσαςἀΰσαςshoutingαὔω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐκέκλετο - 67
"Friends, hero Danaans, henchmen of Ares,
Metre
ὦφίλοιἥρωες‖ΔαναοὶθεράποντεςἌρηος
ὦOὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleφίλοιfriendsφίλος · vocative plural masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headἥρωεςheroesἥρως · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headΔαναοὶDanaansΔαναός · vocative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἄνδραςθεράποντεςhenchmenθεράπων · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headἌρηοςof Ares῎ἄρης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θεράποντες - 68
let no man fall upon spoils now and linger behind
Metre
μήτιςνῦνἐνάρων‖ἐπιβαλλόμενοςμετόπισθε
μήlet notμή · adverbemphasizing particleτιςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of μιμνέτωνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to μιμνέτωἐνάρωνof spoilsἔναρα · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἐπιβαλλόμενοςἐπιβαλλόμενοςfalling uponἐπιβάλλω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μιμνέτωμετόπισθεbehindμετόπισθε · adverbobject of μιμνέτω - 69
so that he may reach the ships carrying the greatest haul.
Metre
μιμνέτωὥςκεπλεῖστα‖φέρωνἐπὶνῆαςἵκηται
μιμνέτωlingerμίμνω · present active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὥςso thatὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκεmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleπλεῖσταthe greatest haulπλεῖστος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of φέρωνφέρωνcarryingφέρω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἵκηταιἐπὶtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionνῆαςthe shipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπὶἵκηταιhe may reachἱκνέομαι · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὥς - 70
Let us kill the men; afterward, at your ease,
Metre
ἀλλἄνδραςκτείνωμεν‖ἔπειταδὲκαὶτὰἕκηλοι
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄνδραςthe menἀνήρ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of κτείνωμενκτείνωμενlet us killκτείνω · present active subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbἔπειταafterwardἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to συλήσετεδὲthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαὶalsoκαί · adverbsentence particleτὰthese thingsὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of συλήσετεἕκηλοιat your easeἕκηλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 71
you may strip the dead bodies across the plain."
Metre
νεκροὺςἂμπεδίον‖συλήσετετεθνηῶτας
νεκροὺςthe deadνεκρός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of συλήσετεἂμacrossἀνά · prepositionprepositionπεδίονthe plainπεδίον · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἂμσυλήσετεyou may stripσυλάω · future active indicative, 2nd plural verbmain verbτεθνηῶταςlying deadθνήσκω · perfect active participle, accusative plural masculinemodifies νεκροὺς - 72
So he spoke and stirred the strength and spirit of every man.
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνὄτρυνε‖μένοςκαὶθυμὸνἑκάστου
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὄτρυνεὄτρυνεstirredὀτρύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordθυμὸνspiritθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἑκάστουof each manἕκαστος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies καὶ - 73
Then the Trojans would again, beneath the Achaeans dear to Ares,
Metre
ἔνθάκεναὖτεΤρῶες‖ἀρηϊφίλωνὑπἈχαιῶν
ἔνθάthenἔνθα · adverbadverbial to εἰσανέβησανκενwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleαὖτεagainαὖτε · adverbadverbial to εἰσανέβησανΤρῶεςthe TrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of εἰσανέβησανἀρηϊφίλωνdear to Aresἀρηίφιλος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχαιῶνὑπbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionἈχαιῶνthe AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ὑπ̓ - 74
have climbed back into Ilion, broken by their weakness,
Metre
Ἴλιονεἰσανέβησαν‖ἀναλκείῃσιδαμέντες
Ἴλιονinto IlionἼλιος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἰσανέβησανεἰσανέβησανhave climbed backεἰσαναβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀναλκείῃσιby weaknessἀνάλκεια · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to δαμέντεςδαμέντεςbrokenδαμάζω · aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to εἰσανέβησαν - 75
had not Helenus stood beside Aeneas and Hector and spoken,
Metre
εἰμὴἄρΑἰνείᾳ‖τεκαὶἝκτοριεἶπεπαραστὰς
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὴnotμή · particleemphasizing particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleΑἰνείᾳto Aeneasαἰνείας · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεbothτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἝκτοριHectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶεἶπεspokenεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἰπαραστὰςstanding besideπαρίστημι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἶπε - 76
Priam's son, by far the best reader of bird-signs:
Πριαμίδηςson of PriamΠριαμίδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἝλενοςἝλενοςHelenusἝλενος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εἶπεοἰωνοπόλωνof seersοἰωνοπόλος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἄριστοςὄχby farὄχα · adverbmodifies ἄριστοςἄριστοςbestἄριστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕλενος - 77
"Aeneas and Hector, since the labor falls chiefly on you
Metre
ΑἰνείατεκαὶἝκτορ‖ἐπεὶπόνοςὔμμιμάλιστα
ΑἰνείαAeneasΑἰνείας · vocative dual masculine noungoverned by an elided headτεbothτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἝκτορHectorἝκτωρ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπόνοςthe laborπόνος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐγκέκλιταιὔμμιon youσύ · dative plural pronounobject of ἐγκέκλιταιμάλισταchieflyμάλιστα · adverbadverbial to ἐγκέκλιται - 78
among Trojans and Lycians, because you are the best
Metre
ΤρώωνκαὶΛυκίων‖ἐγκέκλιταιοὕνεκἄριστοι
Τρώωνamong TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΛυκίωνLyciansΛύκιοι · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καὶἐγκέκλιταιfallsἐγκλίνω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶοὕνεκbecauseοὕνεκα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἄριστοιthe bestἄριστος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 79
in every undertaking, both in fighting and in counsel,
Metre
πᾶσανἐπἰθύνἐστε‖μάχεσθαίτεφρονέειντε
πᾶσανin everyπᾶς · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἰθύνἐπinἐπί · prepositionprepositionἰθύνcourseἰθύς · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐπ̓ἐστεyou areεἰμί · present active indicative, 2nd plural verbadverbial to οὕνεκ̓μάχεσθαίat fightingμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitivemodifies τετεbothτε · particlesentence particleφρονέεινat counselφρονέω · present active infinitivemodifies τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 80
stand here and hold the people back before the gates,
Metre
στῆταὐτοῦκαὶλαὸν‖ἐρυκάκετεπρὸπυλάων
στῆτstandἵστημι · aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbαὐτοῦhereαὐτοῦ · adverbobject of στῆτ̓καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordλαὸνthe peopleλαός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐρυκάκετεἐρυκάκετεhold backἐρύκω · aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbπρὸbeforeπρό · prepositionprepositionπυλάωνthe gatesπύλη · genitive plural feminine nounobject of πρὸ - 81
ranging everywhere, before they flee and fall again into their wives' arms
Metre
πάντῃἐποιχόμενοι‖πρὶναὖτἐνχερσὶγυναικῶν
πάντῃeverywhereπάντῃ · adverbobject of ἐποιχόμενοιἐποιχόμενοιrangingἐποίχομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐρυκάκετεπρὶνbeforeπρίν · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionαὖτagainαὖτε · adverbadverbial to πεσέεινἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionχερσὶthe armsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνγυναικῶνof their wivesγυνή · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies χερσὶ - 82
and become a delight to their enemies.
Metre
φεύγονταςπεσέειν‖δηΐοισιδὲχάρμαγενέσθαι
φεύγονταςfleeingφεύγω · present active participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complementπεσέεινto fallπίπτω · aorist active infinitiveadverbial to δὲδηΐοισιto their enemiesδάιος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of γενέσθαιδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχάρμαa delightχάρμα · nominative singular neuter nounpredicate nounγενέσθαιto becomeγίγνομαι · aorist middle infinitiveadverbial to δὲ - 83
But when you two have roused all the battle-lines,
Metre
αὐτὰρἐπείκεφάλαγγας‖ἐποτρύνητονἁπάσας
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐπείwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκεyou haveἄν · particleemphasizing particleφάλαγγαςbattle-linesφάλαγξ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐποτρύνητονἐποτρύνητονrousedἐποτρύνω · aorist active subjunctive, 2nd dual verbadverbial to ἐπείἁπάσαςallἅπας · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies φάλαγγας - 84
we will stand our ground here and fight the Danaans,
Metre
ἡμεῖςμὲνΔαναοῖσι‖μαχησόμεθαὖθιμένοντες
ἡμεῖςweἐγώ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of μαχησόμεθ̓μὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleΔαναοῖσιthe DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject of μαχησόμεθ̓μαχησόμεθwill fightμάχομαι · future middle indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbαὖθιhereαὖθι · adverbobject of μένοντεςμένοντεςstanding firmμένω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to μαχησόμεθ̓ - 85
though sorely worn; for necessity presses hard.
Metre
καὶμάλατειρόμενοί‖περἀναγκαίηγὰρἐπείγει
καὶthoughκαί · adverbsentence particleμάλαsorelyμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleτειρόμενοίwornτείρω · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculinecircumstantial complementπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἀναγκαίηnecessityἀναγκαίη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐπείγειγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐπείγειpresses hardἐπείγω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 86
But Hector, go into the city and then speak
Metre
Ἕκτορἀτὰρσὺπόλιν‖δὲμετέρχεοεἰπὲἔπειτα
ἝκτορHectorἝκτωρ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἀτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of δ̓πόλινthe cityπόλις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of μετέρχεοδὲintoδέ · particlexsegμετέρχεοgoμετέρχομαι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbεἰπὲspeakεἶπον · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to εἰπὲ - 87
to your mother and mine; let her gather the elder women
Metre
μητέρισῇκαὶἐμῇ‖ἣδὲξυνάγουσαγεραιὰς
μητέριto your motherμήτηρ · dative singular feminine nounobject of εἰπὲσῇyourσός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐμῇmineἐμός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies καὶἣsheὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of καίδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordξυνάγουσαgatheringσυνάγω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to θεῖναιγεραιὰςthe elder womenγεραιός · accusative plural feminine adjectiveobject of ξυνάγουσα - 88
at the temple of bright-eyed Athena on the city's height,
Metre
νηὸνἈθηναίης‖γλαυκώπιδοςἐνπόλειἄκρῃ
νηὸνat the templeναός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ξυνάγουσαἈθηναίηςof AthenaἈθήνη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies νηὸνγλαυκώπιδοςbright-eyedγλαυκῶπις · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies Ἀθηναίηςἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionπόλειthe cityπόλις · dative singular feminine nounmodifies ἐνἄκρῃon its heightἄκρις · dative singular feminine nounmodifies πόλει - 89
open the doors of the sacred house with the key,
οἴξασαhaving openedοἴγω · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to θεῖναικληῗδιwith the keyκλείς · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to οἴξασαθύραςthe doorsθύρα · accusative plural feminine nounobject of οἴξασαἱεροῖοof the sacredἱερός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies δόμοιοδόμοιοhouseδόμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θύρας - 90
and take the robe she thinks the loveliest and largest
Metre
πέπλονὅςοἱδοκέει‖χαριέστατοςἠδὲμέγιστος
πέπλονa robeπέπλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of θεῖναιὅςwhichὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δοκέειοἱto herἕ · dative singular feminine pronounobject of δοκέειδοκέειseemsδοκέω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing πέπλονχαριέστατοςloveliestχαρίεις · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordμέγιστοςlargestμέγας · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 91
in her hall, the one by far most dear to her herself,
Metre
εἶναιἐνὶμεγάρῳ‖καίοἱπολὺφίλτατοςαὐτῇ
εἶναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of καίἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionμεγάρῳthe hallμέγαρον · dative singular neuter nounmodifies ἐνὶκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordοἱto herἕ · dative singular feminine pronounobjectπολὺby farπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveemphasizing particleφίλτατοςdearestφίλτατος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounαὐτῇherselfαὐτός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies οἱ - 92
and lay it across lovely-haired Athena's knees,
Metre
θεῖναιἈθηναίης‖ἐπὶγούνασινἠϋκόμοιο
θεῖναιto layτίθημι · aorist active infinitivemain verbἈθηναίηςof AthenaἈθήνη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies γούνασινἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionγούνασινthe kneesγόνυ · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἐπὶἠϋκόμοιοlovely-hairedεὔκομος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἀθηναίης - 93
and promise her twelve cattle in her temple,
Metre
καίοἱὑποσχέσθαι‖δυοκαίδεκαβοῦςἐνὶνηῷ
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordοἱto herἕ · dative singular feminine pronounobject of ὑποσχέσθαιὑποσχέσθαιto promiseὑπισχνέομαι · aorist active infinitivemain verbδυοκαίδεκαtwelveδυοκαίδεκα · numeralmodifies βοῦςβοῦςcattleβοῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἱερευσέμενἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionνηῷthe templeναός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνὶ - 94
yearling heifers, unbroken to the goad, to sacrifice if she will pity
Metre
ἤνιςἠκέστας‖ἱερευσέμεναἴἐλεήσῃ
ἤνιςyearling heifersἦνις · accusative plural feminine nounpredicate nounἠκέσταςunbrokenἤκεστος · accusative plural feminine adjectivesubjectἱερευσέμενto sacrificeἱερεύω · future active infinitiveobject of ὑποσχέσθαιαἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκshe willἄν · particleemphasizing particleἐλεήσῃtake pityἐλεέω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to αἴ - 95
the town and the Trojan wives and helpless children,
Metre
ἄστύτεκαὶΤρώων‖ἀλόχουςκαὶνήπιατέκνα
ἄστύthe townἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶτεbothτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΤρώωνTrojanτρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies καὶἀλόχουςwivesἄλοχος · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνήπιαhelplessνήπιος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τέκνατέκναchildrenτέκνον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶ - 96
so that she may hold the son of Tydeus back from sacred Ilion,
ὥςso thatὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκενshe mayἄν · particleemphasizing particleΤυδέοςof TydeusΤυδεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνυἱὸνthe sonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἀπόσχῃhold backἀπέχω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὥςἸλίουfrom IlionἼλιος · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἀπόσχῃἱρῆςsacredἱρός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἰλίου - 97
that savage spearman, mighty deviser of rout,
Metre
ἄγριοναἰχμητὴν‖κρατερὸνμήστωραφόβοιο
ἄγριονsavageἄγριος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies αἰχμητὴναἰχμητὴνspearmanαἰχμητής · accusative singular masculine nounobjectκρατερὸνmightyκρατερός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies μήστωραμήστωραdeviserμήστωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobjectφόβοιοof routφόβος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies μήστωρα - 98
whom I say has proved the strongest of the Achaeans.
Metre
ὃνδὴἐγὼκάρτιστον‖Ἀχαιῶνφημιγενέσθαι
ὃνwhomὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of γενέσθαιδὴindeedδή · particleemphasizing particleἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of φημικάρτιστονstrongestκράτιστος · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies κάρτιστονφημιsayφημί · present active indicative, 1st singular verbverb of a clause describingγενέσθαιhas provedγίγνομαι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of φημι - 99
Never did we fear Achilles so, marshal of men,
Metre
οὐδἈχιλῆάποθὧδέ‖ἐδείδιμενὄρχαμονἀνδρῶν
ἈχιλῆάAchillesἈχιλλεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobjectποθeverποτέ · particleadverbial to ἐδείδιμενὧδέsoὧδε · adverbadverbial to ἐδείδιμενγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἐδείδιμενdid we fearδείδω · pluperfect active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbὄρχαμονmarshalὄρχαμος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ὄρχαμον - 100
though they say he was born of a goddess; but this man rages beyond measure,
Metre
ὅνπέρφασιθεᾶς‖ἐξέμμεναιἀλλὅδελίην
ὅνwhomὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐξέμμεναιπέρindeedπέρ · particlesentence particleφασιthey sayφημί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describingθεᾶςof a goddessθεά · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐξέμμεναιἐξέμμεναιto be bornἔξεστι · present active infinitiveobject of φασιἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὅδεthis manὅδε · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of μαίνεταιλίηνbeyond measureλίαν · adverbadverbial to μαίνεται - 101
and no one can match his fury."
Metre
μαίνεταιοὐδέτίςοἱ‖δύναταιμένοςἰσοφαρίζειν
μαίνεταιragesμαίνομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτίςno oneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δύναταιοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἰσοφαρίζεινδύναταιcanδύναμαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμένοςin furyμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἰσοφαρίζεινἰσοφαρίζεινmatchἰσοφαρίζω · present active infinitiveobject of δύναται - 102
So he spoke, and Hector did not disobey his brother.
Metre
ὣςἔφαθἝκτωροὔ‖τικασιγνήτῳἀπίθησεν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφαθ̓ἔφαθhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἝκτωρHectorἕκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπίθησενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to ἀπίθησενκασιγνήτῳhis brotherκασίγνητος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἀπίθησενἀπίθησενdisobeyedἀπιθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 103
and at once he leapt to the ground from his chariot in his armor,
Metre
αὐτίκαἐξὀχέων‖σὺντεύχεσινἆλτοχαμᾶζε
αὐτίκαat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to ἆλτοδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionὀχέωνhis chariotὄχος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἐξσὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionτεύχεσινhis armorτεῦχος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to σὺνἆλτοleaptἅλλομαι · aorist indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχαμᾶζεto the groundχαμᾶζε · adverbobject of ἆλτο - 104
and, brandishing his sharp spears, went everywhere through the army,
Metre
πάλλωνὀξέαδοῦρα‖κατὰστρατὸνᾤχετοπάντῃ
πάλλωνbrandishingπάλλω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ᾤχετοδandδέ · particlesentence particleὀξέαsharpὀξύς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δοῦραδοῦραspearsδόρυ · accusative plural neuter nounobject of πάλλωνκατὰthroughκατά · prepositionprepositionστρατὸνthe armyστρατός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κατὰᾤχετοwentοἴχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπάντῃeverywhereπάντῃ · adverbadverbial to ᾤχετο - 105
urging them to fight, and stirred the dreadful din of battle.
Metre
ὀτρύνωνμαχέσασθαι‖ἔγειρεδὲφύλοπιναἰνήν
ὀτρύνωνurgingὀτρύνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ᾤχετομαχέσασθαιto fightμάχομαι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of ὀτρύνωνἔγειρεstirredἐγείρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordφύλοπινbattle-dinφύλοπις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔγειρεαἰνήνdreadfulαἰνός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies φύλοπιν - 106
They wheeled about and stood facing the Achaeans;
Metre
οἳἐλελίχθησαν‖καὶἐναντίοιἔστανἈχαιῶν
οἳtheyὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of καὶδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐλελίχθησανwheeled aboutἐλελίζω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐναντίοιfacingἐναντίος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔστανstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἈχαιῶνthe AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἔσταν - 107
the Argives gave ground and ceased from slaughter,
Metre
Ἀργεῖοιὑπεχώρησαν‖λῆξανδὲφόνοιο
Ἀργεῖοιthe ArgivesἈργεῖος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of δέδthenδέ · particlesentence particleὑπεχώρησανgave groundὑποχωρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbλῆξανceasedλήγω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleφόνοιοfrom slaughterφόνος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of λῆξαν - 108
thinking that one of the immortals from starry heaven
Metre
φὰνδέτινἀθανάτων‖ἐξοὐρανοῦἀστερόεντος
φὰνthey thoughtφημί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδέthatδέ · particlecoordinating wordτινoneτις · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of κατελθέμενἀθανάτωνof the immortalsἀθάνατος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τιν̓ἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionοὐρανοῦheavenοὐρανός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐξἀστερόεντοςstarryἀστερόεις · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies οὐρανοῦ - 109
had come down to defend the Trojans, such was their rally.
Metre
Τρωσὶνἀλεξήσοντα‖κατελθέμενὡςἐλέλιχθεν
Τρωσὶνfor the Trojansτρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of κατελθέμενἀλεξήσονταto defendἀλέξω · future active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementκατελθέμενhad come downκατέρχομαι · aorist active infinitiveobject of φὰνὡςsoὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἐλέλιχθενthey ralliedἐλελίζω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὡς - 110
Then Hector called to the Trojans with a far-carrying shout:
Metre
ἝκτωρδὲΤρώεσσιν‖ἐκέκλετομακρὸνἀΰσας
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐκέκλετοδὲthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordΤρώεσσινto the TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐκέκλετοἐκέκλετοcalledκέλομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμακρὸνfar-carryingμακρός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀΰσαςἀΰσαςshoutingαὔω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐκέκλετο - 111
"High-hearted Trojans and far-famed allies,
Metre
Τρῶεςὑπέρθυμοι‖τηλεκλειτοίἐπίκουροι
ΤρῶεςTrojansτρώς · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headὑπέρθυμοιhigh-heartedὑπέρθυμος · vocative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρῶεςτηλεκλειτοίfar-famedτηλεκλειτός · vocative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἐπίκουροιτandτε · particlecoordinating wordἐπίκουροιalliesἐπίκουρος · nominative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided head - 112
be men, my friends, and remember your furious valor,
Metre
ἀνέρεςἔστεφίλοι‖μνήσασθεδὲθούριδοςἀλκῆς
ἀνέρεςmenἀνήρ · nominative plural masculine nounpredicate nounἔστεbeεἰμί · present active indicative, 2nd plural verbmain verbφίλοιfriendsφίλος · vocative plural masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headμνήσασθεrememberμιμνήσκω · aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordθούριδοςfuriousθοῦρις · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀλκῆςἀλκῆςvalorἀλκή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of μνήσασθε - 113
while I go toward Ilion and speak to the old
Metre
ὄφρἂνἐγὼβείω‖προτὶἼλιονἠδὲγέρουσιν
ὄφρwhileὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἂνI mayἄν · particleemphasizing particleἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἠδὲβείωgoβαίνω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to ἠδὲπροτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionἼλιονIlion῎ἴλιος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of προτὶἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordγέρουσινto the eldersγέρων · dative plural masculine nounobject of καὶ - 114
counselors and to our wives,
Metre
εἴπωβουλευτῇσι‖καὶἡμετέρῃςἀλόχοισι
εἴπωspeakεἶπον · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to ἠδὲβουλευτῇσιcounselorsβουλευτής · dative plural masculine nounmodifies γέρουσινκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἡμετέρῃςourἡμέτερος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἀλόχοισιἀλόχοισιwivesἄλοχος · dative plural feminine nounobject of καὶ - 115
that they pray to the gods and promise hecatombs."
Metre
δαίμοσινἀρήσασθαι‖ὑποσχέσθαιἑκατόμβας
δαίμοσινto the godsδαίμων · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀρήσασθαιἀρήσασθαιto prayἀράομαι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of δ̓ὑποσχέσθαιto promiseὑπισχνέομαι · aorist active infinitiveobject of δ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἑκατόμβαςhecatombsἑκατόμβη · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ὑποσχέσθαι - 116
So he spoke, and Hector of the flashing helm departed;
Metre
ὣςἄραφωνήσας‖ἀπέβηκορυθαίολοςἝκτωρ
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φωνήσαςἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleφωνήσαςspeakingφωνέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀπέβηἀπέβηdepartedἀποβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκορυθαίολοςof the flashing helmκορυθαίολος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπέβη - 117
about his ankles and neck beat the dark hide,
Metre
ἀμφὶδέμινσφυρὰτύπτε‖καὶαὐχέναδέρμακελαινὸν
ἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · adverbadverbial to τύπτεδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of τύπτεσφυρὰthe anklesσφυρόν · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶτύπτεbeatτύπτω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordαὐχέναthe neckαὐχήν · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶδέρμαhideδέρμα · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectκελαινὸνdarkκελαινός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δέρμα - 118
the outer rim that ran around his bossed shield.
Metre
ἄντυξἣπυμάτη‖θέενἀσπίδοςὀμφαλοέσσης
ἄντυξouter rimἄντυξ · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectἣwhichὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of θέενπυμάτηoutermostπύματος · nominative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementθέενranθέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἄντυξἀσπίδοςof his shieldἀσπίς · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies πυμάτηὀμφαλοέσσηςbossedὀμφαλόεις · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀσπίδος - 119
Then Glaucus, son of Hippolochus, and Tydeus' son
ΓλαῦκοςGlaucusΓλαῦκος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἹππολόχοιοof HippolochusἹππόλοχος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πάϊςπάϊςsonπαῖς · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΤυδέοςof TydeusΤυδεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸςυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 120
met between the two armies, both eager to fight.
Metre
ἐςμέσονἀμφοτέρων‖συνίτηνμεμαῶτεμάχεσθαι
ἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionμέσονthe midstμέσος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveobject of ἐςἀμφοτέρωνof both armiesἀμφότερος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies μέσονσυνίτηνmetσύνειμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbμεμαῶτεeagerμέμαα · perfect active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to συνίτηνμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of μεμαῶτε - 121
Now when they had come near, advancing on one another,
Metre
οἳὅτεδὴσχεδὸνἦσαν‖ἐπἀλλήλοισινἰόντε
οἳtheyὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἦσανδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴnowδή · particlesentence particleσχεδὸνnearσχεδόν · adverbadverbial to ἦσανἦσανwereεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὅτεἐπagainstἐπί · prepositionprepositionἀλλήλοισινone anotherἀλλήλων · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐπ̓ἰόντεadvancingεἶμι · present active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to ἦσαν - 122
Diomedes, good at the war-cry, was first to address him:
Metre
τὸνπρότεροςπροσέειπε‖βοὴνἀγαθὸςΔιομήδης
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέειπεπρότεροςfirstπρότερος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπροσέειπεaddressedπροσεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβοὴνat the war-cryβοή · accusative singular feminine nounmodifies ἀγαθὸςἀγαθὸςgoodἀγαθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιομήδηςΔιομήδηςDiomedesΔιομήδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέειπε - 123
"Who are you, best of mortal men?
Metre
τίςδὲσύἐσσιφέριστε‖καταθνητῶνἀνθρώπων
τίςwhoτις · nominative singular masculine pronounpredicate nounδὲthenδέ · particlesentence particleσύyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of ἐσσιἐσσιareεἰμί · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbφέριστεbestφέριστος · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headκαταθνητῶνof mortalκαταθνητός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνθρώπωνἀνθρώπωνmenἄνθρωπος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τίς - 124
Never before have I seen you in battle that brings men glory;
Metre
οὐμὲνγάρποτὄπωπα‖μάχῃἔνικυδιανείρῃ
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleποτever beforeποτέ · particleadverbial to ὄπωπαὄπωπαhave I seenὁράω · perfect active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbμάχῃin battleμάχη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἔνιἔνιamidἐν · prepositionprepositionκυδιανείρῃbringing men gloryκυδιάνειρα · dative singular feminine nounmodifies μάχῃ - 125
but now you have stepped far out beyond all others
Metre
τὸπρίνἀτὰρμὲννῦν‖γεπολὺπροβέβηκαςἁπάντων
τὸin the timeὁ · accusative singular neuter articleemphasizing particleπρίνbeforeπρίν · adverbadverbial to ὄπωπαἀτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to προβέβηκαςγεat leastγε · particleemphasizing particleπολὺfarπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to προβέβηκαςπροβέβηκαςhave stepped beyondπροβαίνω · perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἁπάντωνall othersἅπας · genitive plural masculine adjectiveobject of προβέβηκας - 126
in your courage, since you await my long-shadowed spear.
Metre
σῷθάρσειὅἐμὸν‖δολιχόσκιονἔγχοςἔμεινας
σῷin yourσός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies θάρσειθάρσειcourageθάρσος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to προβέβηκαςὅsinceὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτindeedτε · particleemphasizing particleἐμὸνmyἐμός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςδολιχόσκιονlong-shadowedδολιχόσκιος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔμειναςἔμειναςawaitedμένω · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ὅ - 127
Wretched are those whose sons face my might.
Metre
δυστήνωνδέτεπαῖδες‖ἐμῷμένειἀντιόωσιν
δυστήνωνof wretched parentsδύστηνος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies παῖδεςδέsurelyδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεindeedτε · particlesentence particleπαῖδεςare the sonsπαῖς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἀντιόωσινἐμῷmyἐμός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies μένειμένειmightμένος · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἀντιόωσινἀντιόωσινwho faceἀντιάω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 128
But if you are one of the immortals come down from heaven,
Metre
εἰδέτιςἀθανάτων‖γεκατοὐρανοῦεἰλήλουθας
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδέbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordτιςoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἰλήλουθαςἀθανάτωνof the immortalsἀθάνατος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τιςγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleκατdown fromκατά · prepositionprepositionοὐρανοῦheavenοὐρανός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of κατ̓εἰλήλουθαςyou have comeἔρχομαι · perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to εἰ - 129
I would not fight against the gods who dwell in heaven.
Metre
οὐκἂνἔγωγεθεοῖσιν‖ἐπουρανίοισιμαχοίμην
οὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἂνwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleἔγωγεI myselfἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of μαχοίμηνθεοῖσινagainst godsθεός · dative plural masculine nounobject of μαχοίμηνἐπουρανίοισιheaven-dwellingἐπουράνιος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοῖσινμαχοίμηνfightμάχομαι · present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 130
For not even mighty Lycurgus, Dryas' son,
Metre
οὐδὲγὰροὐδὲΔρύαντος‖υἱὸςκρατερὸςΛυκόοργος
οὐδὲnotοὐδέ · adverbcoordinating wordοὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ stacks two negatives for emphasis: 'for not even,' not 'nor... nor.'
γὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleοὐδὲevenοὐδέ · adverbemphasizing particleΔρύαντοςof DryasΔρύας · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸςυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectκρατερὸςmightyκρατερός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΛυκόοργοςΛυκόοργοςLycurgusΛυκόοργος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 131
lived long when he contended with the gods who dwell in heaven.
Metre
δὴνἦνὅςῥαθεοῖσιν‖ἐπουρανίοισινἔριζεν
δὴνlongδήν · adverbadverbial to ἦνἦνlivedεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔριζενῥαindeedἄρα · particlesentence particleθεοῖσινwith godsθεός · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἔριζενἐπουρανίοισινheaven-dwellingἐπουράνιος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοῖσινἔριζενcontendedἐρίζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing - 132
Once he drove the nurses of frenzied Dionysus
Metre
ὅςποτεμαινομένοιο‖Διωνύσοιοτιθήνας
ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of σεῦεποτεonceποτέ · particleadverbial to σεῦεμαινομένοιοfrenziedμαίνομαι · present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculinemodifies ΔιωνύσοιοΔιωνύσοιοof DionysusΔιόνυσος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies τιθήναςτιθήναςnursesτιθήνη · accusative plural feminine nounobject of σεῦε - 133
down sacred Nysa; and all together they
σεῦεdroveσεύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκατdownκατά · prepositionprepositionἠγάθεονsacredἠγάθεος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ΝυσήϊονΝυσήϊονNysaean mountainΝῦσα · accusative singular neuter adjectiveobject of κατ̓αἳtheyὁ · nominative plural feminine pronounsubject of κατέχευανδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἅμαtogetherἅμα · adverbadverbial to κατέχευανπᾶσαιallπᾶς · nominative plural feminine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 134
dropped their ritual wands to earth beneath man-slaying Lycurgus,
Metre
θύσθλαχαμαὶκατέχευαν‖ὑπἀνδροφόνοιοΛυκούργου
θύσθλαritual wandsθύσθλα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of κατέχευανχαμαὶto earthχαμαί · adverbadverbial to κατέχευανκατέχευανdroppedκαταχεύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὑπbyὑπό · prepositionprepositionἀνδροφόνοιοman-slayingἀνδροφόνος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΛυκούργουΛυκούργουLycurgusΛυκόοργος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies βουπλῆγι - 135
struck with an ox-goad. But Dionysus, terrified,
Metre
θεινόμεναιβουπλῆγι‖Διώνυσοςδὲφοβηθεὶς
θεινόμεναιbeing struckθείνω · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminineadverbial to κατέχευανβουπλῆγιwith an ox-goadβουπλήξ · dative singular masculine nounobject of ὑπ̓ΔιώνυσοςDionysusΔιόνυσος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δύσεθ̓δὲbutδέ · particlesentence particleφοβηθεὶςterrifiedφοβέω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δύσεθ̓ - 136
plunged beneath the sea-wave, and Thetis took him to her breast,
Metre
δύσεθἁλὸςκατὰκῦμα‖Θέτιςὑπεδέξατοκόλπῳ
δύσεθplungedδύω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἁλὸςof the seaἅλς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κῦμακατὰbeneathκατά · prepositionprepositionκῦμαthe waveκῦμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of κατὰΘέτιςThetisΘέτις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ὑπεδέξατοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὑπεδέξατοreceived himὑποδέχομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκόλπῳto her breastκόλπος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ὑπεδέξατο - 137
afraid; for a mighty tremor gripped him at the man's shout.
Metre
δειδιότακρατερὸς‖γὰρἔχετρόμοςἀνδρὸςὁμοκλῇ
δειδιόταafraidδείδω · perfect active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementκρατερὸςmightyκρατερός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τρόμοςγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἔχεgrippedἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτρόμοςa tremorτρόμος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔχεἀνδρὸςof the manἀνήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ὁμοκλῇὁμοκλῇat the shoutὁμοκλή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἔχε - 138
Then the gods who live at ease grew angry with Lycurgus,
Metre
τῷμὲνἔπειτὀδύσαντο‖θεοὶῥεῖαζώοντες
τῷwith himὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ὀδύσαντομὲνthenμέν · particlesentence particleἔπειτafterwardἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ὀδύσαντοὀδύσαντοgrew angryὀδύσσομαι · aorist indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbθεοὶthe godsθεός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ὀδύσαντοῥεῖαat easeῥεῖα · adverbadverbial to ζώοντεςζώοντεςlivingζώω · present active participle, nominative plural masculinemodifies θεοὶ - 139
and the son of Cronos struck him blind; nor did he live
Metre
καίμιντυφλὸνἔθηκε‖Κρόνουπάϊςοὐδἄρἔτιδὴν
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔθηκετυφλὸνblindτυφλός · accusative singular masculine adjectivecomplement of ἔθηκεἔθηκεmadeτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΚρόνουof CronosΚρόνος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πάϊςπάϊςsonπαῖς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔθηκεἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔτιstillἔτι · adverbemphasizing particleδὴνlongδήν · adverbadverbial to ἦν - 140
much longer, since he was hated by all the deathless gods.
Metre
ἦνἐπεὶἀθανάτοισιν‖ἀπήχθετοπᾶσιθεοῖσιν
ἦνhe livedεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἀθανάτοισινdeathlessἀθάνατος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοῖσινἀπήχθετοwas hatedἀπεχθάνομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶπᾶσιby allπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοῖσινθεοῖσινgodsθεός · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀπήχθετο - 141
So I would not choose to fight the blessed gods.
Metre
οὐδἂνἐγὼμακάρεσσι‖θεοῖςἐθέλοιμιμάχεσθαι
ἂνwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐθέλοιμιμακάρεσσιblessedμάκαρ · dative plural masculine nounmodifies θεοῖςθεοῖςgodsθεός · dative plural masculine nounobject of μάχεσθαιἐθέλοιμιchooseἐθέλω · present active optative, 1st singular verbmain verbμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἐθέλοιμι - 142
But if you are one of the mortals who eat the earth's fruit,
Metre
εἰδέτίςἐσσιβροτῶν‖οἳἀρούρηςκαρπὸνἔδουσιν
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδέbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordτίςoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounpredicate nounἐσσιyou areεἰμί · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to εἰβροτῶνof mortalsβροτός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τίςοἳthey whoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἔδουσινἀρούρηςof the fieldἄρουρα · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies καρπὸνκαρπὸνfruitκαρπός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔδουσινἔδουσινeatἔδω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing βροτῶν - 143
come closer, so you may sooner reach the bounds of death."
Metre
ἆσσονἴθὥςκενθᾶσσον‖ὀλέθρουπείραθἵκηαι
ἆσσονcloserἆσσον · adverbadverbial to ἴθ̓ἴθcomeεἶμι · present active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbὥςso thatὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκενmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleθᾶσσονthe soonerταχύς · accusative singular neuter comparative adjectiveadverbial to ἵκηαιὀλέθρουof deathὄλεθρος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πείραθ̓πείραθboundsπεῖραρ · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἵκηαιἵκηαιyou may reachἱκνέομαι · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ὥς - 144
Then the glorious son of Hippolochus addressed him in turn:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσηύδαδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖθin turnαὖτε · adverbadverbial to προσηύδαἹππολόχοιοof HippolochusἹππόλοχος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱόςπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφαίδιμοςgloriousφαίδιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱόςυἱόςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσηύδα - 145
"Great-hearted son of Tydeus, why ask about my lineage?
Metre
Τυδεΐδημεγάθυμε‖τίἢγενεὴνἐρεείνεις
Τυδεΐδηson of TydeusΤυδείδης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headμεγάθυμεgreat-heartedμεγάθυμος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Τυδεΐδητίwhyτίς · irregularadverbial to ἐρεείνειςἢthenἤ · interjectionsentence particleγενεὴνlineageγενεά · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐρεείνειςἐρεείνειςdo you askἐρεείνω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 146
As is the generation of leaves, so too is that of men.
Metre
οἵηπερφύλλων‖γενεὴτοίηδὲκαὶἀνδρῶν
οἵηas isοἷος · nominative singular feminine adjectivepredicate nounπερjustπέρ · particlesentence particleφύλλωνof leavesφύλλον · genitive plural neuter nounmodifies γενεὴγενεὴgenerationγενεά · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectτοίηso isτοῖος · nominative singular feminine adjectivepredicate nounδὲtooδέ · particlesentence particleκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies - 147
Some leaves the wind scatters to the ground, but others the wood
φύλλαleavesφύλλον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of χέειτὰsomeὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounadverbial to χέειμένon one sideμέν · particlesentence particleτeverτε · particlesentence particleἄνεμοςwindἄνεμος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of χέειχαμάδιςto the groundχαμάδις · adverbobject of χέειχέειscattersχέω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄλλαothersἄλλος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to φύειδέbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordθin turnτε · particlesentence particleὕληwoodὕλη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of φύει - 148
in its bloom puts forth when the season of spring comes on.
τηλεθόωσαin full bloomτηλεθάω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to φύειφύειputs forthφύω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔαροςof springἔαρ · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies ὥρηδwhenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπιγίγνεταιcomes onἐπιγίγνομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὥρηseasonὥρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐπιγίγνεται - 149
So one generation of men grows, while another dies away.
Metre
ὣςἀνδρῶνγενεὴ‖ἣμὲνφύειἣἀπολήγει
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbialἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies γενεὴγενεὴgenerationγενεά · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectἣoneὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of φύειμὲνon one sideμέν · particlesentence particleφύειgrowsφύω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓ἣanotherὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἀπολήγειδwhileδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπολήγειdies awayἀπολήγω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓ - 150
Yet if you wish to learn even this, so you may know well
Metre
εἰἐθέλειςκαὶταῦτα‖δαήμεναιὄφρἐῢεἰδῇς
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδyetδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐθέλειςyou wishἐθέλω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to εἰκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleταῦταthis tooοὗτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of δαήμεναιδαήμεναιto learnδάω · aorist active infinitivemain verbὄφρso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἐῢwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to εἰδῇςεἰδῇςknowοἶδα · perfect active subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ὄφῤ - 151
our lineage, many men know it already:
Metre
ἡμετέρηνγενεήν‖πολλοὶδέμινἄνδρεςἴσασιν
ἡμετέρηνourἡμέτερος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies γενεήνγενεήνlineageγενεά · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἰδῇςπολλοὶmanyπολύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἄνδρεςδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμινitμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἴσασινἄνδρεςmenἀνήρ · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἴσασινἴσασινknow alreadyοἶδα · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 152
there is a city, Ephyra, deep in horse-pasturing Argos,
Metre
ἔστιπόλιςἘφύρη‖μυχῷἌργεοςἱπποβότοιο
ἔστιisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπόλιςcityπόλις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔστιἘφύρηEphyraἘφύρα · nominative singular feminine nounmodifies πόλιςμυχῷdeep inμυχός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἔστιἌργεοςof ArgosἌργος · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies μυχῷἱπποβότοιοhorse-pasturingἱππόβοτος · genitive singular neuter adjectivemodifies Ἄργεος - 153
where Sisyphus lived, keenest in cunning of all men,
Metre
ἔνθαδὲΣίσυφοςἔσκεν‖ὃκέρδιστοςγένετἀνδρῶν
ἔνθαwhereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἔσκενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΣίσυφοςSisyphusΣίσυφος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ,ἔσκενlivedεἰμί · imperfect indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὃheὅς · nominative singular neuter pronounsubject of γένετ̓κέρδιστοςkeenest in cunningκερδίων · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounγένετwasγίγνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ,ἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies κέρδιστος - 154
Sisyphus, son of Aeolus; and he begot a son, Glaucus,
Metre
ΣίσυφοςΑἰολίδης‖ὃἄραΓλαῦκοντέκεθυἱόν
ΣίσυφοςSisyphusΣίσυφος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ,Αἰολίδηςson of AeolusΑἰολίδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Σίσυφοςὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of τέκεθ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleΓλαῦκονGlaucusΓλαῦκος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τέκεθ̓τέκεθbegotτίκτω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbυἱόνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nouncircumstantial complement - 155
and Glaucus fathered blameless Bellerophon.
Metre
αὐτὰρΓλαῦκοςτίκτεν‖ἀμύμοναΒελλεροφόντην
αὐτὰρandἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordΓλαῦκοςGlaucusΓλαῦκος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τίκτεντίκτενfatheredτίκτω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀμύμοναblamelessἀμύμων · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΒελλεροφόντηνΒελλεροφόντηνBellerophonΒελλεροφόντης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τίκτεν - 156
The gods bestowed on him beauty and lovely manly strength;
Metre
τῷδὲθεοὶκάλλός‖τεκαὶἠνορέηνἐρατεινὴν
τῷhimὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ὤπασανδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordθεοὶgodsθεός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ὤπασανκάλλόςbeautyκάλλος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἠνορέηνmanhoodἠνορέη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶἐρατεινὴνlovelyἐρατεινός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἠνορέην - 157
but Proetus plotted evil against him in his heart
Metre
ὤπασαναὐτάροἱ‖Προῖτοςκακὰμήσατοθυμῷ
ὤπασανbestowedὀπάζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbαὐτάρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleοἱagainst himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of μήσατοΠροῖτοςProetusΠροῖτος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of μήσατοκακὰevilκακός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of μήσατομήσατοplottedμήδομαι · aorist indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθυμῷin his heartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to μήσατο - 158
and drove him from the land, for Proetus held far greater power
ὅςheὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔλασσενῥthenἆρα · particlesentence particleἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionδήμουthe landδῆμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκἔλασσενdrove outἐλαύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Προῖτοςἐπεὶforἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπολὺby farπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to φέρτεροςφέρτεροςmore powerfulφέρτατος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἦενwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶ - 159
among the Argives; Zeus had bowed them beneath his scepter.
Metre
ἈργείωνΖεὺςγάρ‖οἱὑπὸσκήπτρῳἐδάμασσε
Ἀργείωνof the ArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies δήμουΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐδάμασσεγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleοἱfor himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies σκήπτρῳὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionσκήπτρῳwith the scepterσκῆπτρον · dative singular neuter nounobject of ὑπὸἐδάμασσεhad subduedδαμάζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 160
But Proetus' wife, shining Anteia, was seized with mad desire for him,
Metre
τῷδὲγυνὴΠροίτου‖ἐπεμήνατοδῖἌντεια
τῷfor himὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπεμήνατοδὲbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordγυνὴwifeγυνή · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectΠροίτουof ProetusΠροῖτος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies γυνὴἐπεμήνατοlusted madlyἐπιμαίνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδῖshiningδῖος · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἌντειαἌντειαAnteiaἌντεια · nominative singular feminine nounsubject - 161
to join with him in secret love; yet she could not
Metre
κρυπταδίῃφιλότητι‖μιγήμεναιἀλλὰτὸνοὔτι
κρυπταδίῃsecretκρυπτάδιος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies φιλότητιφιλότητιloveφιλότης · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐπεμήνατομιγήμεναιto joinμίγνυμι · aorist passive infinitiveadverbial to ἐπεμήνατοἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbcoordinating wordτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobjectοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounemphasizing particle - 162
persuade wise-hearted Bellerophon, whose thoughts were good.
Metre
πεῖθἀγαθὰφρονέοντα‖δαΐφροναΒελλεροφόντην
πεῖθpersuadeπείθω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀγαθὰgoodἀγαθός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to φρονέονταφρονέονταthinking good thoughtsφρονέω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementδαΐφροναwise-heartedδαίφρων · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΒελλεροφόντηνΒελλεροφόντηνBellerophonΒελλεροφόντης · accusative singular masculine nounobject - 163
Then she lied and addressed King Proetus:
Metre
ἣδὲψευσαμένη‖Προῖτονβασιλῆαπροσηύδα
ἣsheὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of προσηύδαδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordψευσαμένηhaving liedψεύδω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to προσηύδαΠροῖτονProetusΠροῖτος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προσηύδαβασιλῆαkingβασιλεύς · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Προῖτονπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 164
"May you die, Proetus—or else kill Bellerophon,
Metre
τεθναίηςὦΠροῖτ‖ἢκάκτανεΒελλεροφόντην
τεθναίηςmay you dieθνήσκω · perfect active optative, 2nd singular verbmain verbὦoὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleΠροῖτProetusΠροῖτος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκάκτανεkillκατακτείνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΒελλεροφόντηνBellerophonΒελλεροφόντης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κάκτανε - 165
who wished to join with me in love against my will."
ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔθελενμwith meἐγώγε · dative singular feminine pronounobject of μιγήμεναιἔθελενwishedἐθέλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Βελλεροφόντηνφιλότητιloveφιλότης · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἔθελενμιγήμεναιto joinμίγνυμι · aorist passive infinitiveobject of ἔθελενοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἐθελούσῃagainst my willἐθέλω · present active participle, dative singular femininecircumstantial complement - 166
So she spoke, and anger seized the king when he heard it.
Metre
ὣςφάτοτὸνδὲἄνακτα‖χόλοςλάβενοἷονἄκουσε
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάτοφάτοshe spokeφημί · aorist indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτὸνtheὁ · accusative singular masculine articlemodifies ἄνακταδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄνακταlordἄναξ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of λάβενχόλοςangerχόλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of λάβενλάβενseizedλαμβάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοἷονsuch a thingοἷος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveobject of ἄκουσεἄκουσεhe heardἀκούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing - 167
He shrank from killing Bellerophon, for his heart stood in awe of that deed;
κτεῖναιto killκτείνω · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἀλέεινεμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἀλέεινεshrank fromἀλεείνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbσεβάσσατοstood in aweσεβάζομαι · aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbgoverned by an elided headγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτόthatὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of σεβάσσατογεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleθυμῷheartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to σεβάσσατο - 168
instead he sent him to Lycia and gave him baleful signs,
πέμπεhe sentπέμπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέinsteadδέ · particlesentence particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of πέμπεΛυκίηνLyciaΛυκία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of πέμπεδέtoδέ · particleemphasizing particleπόρενgaveπόρω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of πόρενγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleσήματαsignsσῆμα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of πόρενλυγρὰbalefulλυγρός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies σήματα - 169
scratching many life-destroying marks into a folded tablet,
Metre
γράψαςἐνπίνακι‖πτυκτῷθυμοφθόραπολλά
γράψαςhaving scratchedγράφω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to πόρενἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionπίνακιtabletπίναξ · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐνπτυκτῷfoldedπτυκτός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πίνακιθυμοφθόραlife-destroyingθυμοφθόρος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of γράψαςπολλάmanyπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies θυμοφθόρα - 170
and ordered him to show it to Proetus' father-in-law, so he might die.
Metre
δεῖξαιἠνώγειν‖ᾧπενθερῷὄφρἀπόλοιτο
δεῖξαιto showδείκνυμι · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἠνώγεινδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἠνώγεινorderedἀνώγω · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbᾧhisἑός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πενθερῷπενθερῷfather-in-lawπενθερός · dative singular masculine nounobject of δεῖξαιὄφρso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἀπόλοιτοhe might dieἀπόλλυμι · aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὄφῤ - 171
So he went to Lycia beneath the gods' blameless escort.
Metre
αὐτὰρὁβῆΛυκίην‖δὲθεῶνὑπἀμύμονιπομπῇ
αὐτὰρsoἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὁheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of βῆβῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΛυκίηνLyciaΛυκία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of βῆδὲtoδέ · particleemphasizing particleθεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies πομπῇὑπunderὑπό · prepositionprepositionἀμύμονιblamelessἀμύμων · dative singular adjectivemodifies πομπῇπομπῇescortπομπή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ὑπ̓ - 172
But when he reached Lycia and the flowing Xanthus,
Metre
ἀλλὅτεδὴΛυκίην‖ἷξεΞάνθόντεῥέοντα
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴat lastδή · particlesentence particleΛυκίηνLyciaΛυκία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of τεἷξεreachedἵκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτεΞάνθόνthe XanthusΞάνθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordῥέονταflowingῥέω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinemodifies Ξάνθόν - 173
the lord of broad Lycia honored him with a ready heart;
Metre
προφρονέωςμιντῖεν‖ἄναξΛυκίηςεὐρείης
προφρονέωςreadilyπρόφρων · adverbadverbial to τῖενμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of τῖεντῖενhonoredτίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄναξlordἄναξ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τῖενΛυκίηςof LyciaΛυκία · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἄναξεὐρείηςbroadεὐρύς · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies Λυκίης - 174
for nine days he made him his guest and sacrificed nine cattle.
Metre
ἐννῆμαρξείνισσε‖καὶἐννέαβοῦςἱέρευσεν
ἐννῆμαρfor nine daysἐννῆμαρ · adverbadverbial to ξείνισσεξείνισσεmade his guestξενίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐννέαnineἐννέα · numeralmodifies βοῦςβοῦςcattleβοῦς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἱέρευσενἱέρευσενsacrificedἱερεύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 175
But when rosy-fingered Dawn appeared on the tenth day,
Metre
ἀλλὅτεδὴδεκάτη‖ἐφάνηῥοδοδάκτυλοςἨὼς
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴthenδή · particlesentence particleδεκάτηtenthδέκατος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἠὼςἐφάνηappearedφαίνω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτεῥοδοδάκτυλοςrosy-fingeredῥοδοδάκτυλος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἨὼςἨὼςDawnἠώς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐφάνη - 176
then he questioned him and asked to see the token
Metre
καὶτότεμινἐρέεινε‖καὶᾔτεεσῆμαἰδέσθαι
καὶandκαί · adverbemphasizing particleτότεthenτότε · adverbadverbial to καὶμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐρέεινεἐρέεινεquestionedἐρεείνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordᾔτεεaskedαἰτέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbσῆμαtokenσῆμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἰδέσθαιἰδέσθαιto seeεἶδον · aorist infinitiveobject of ᾔτεε - 177
he was carrying from Proetus, the king's son-in-law.
Metre
ὅττίῥάοἱγαμβροῖο‖πάραΠροίτοιοφέροιτο
ὅττίwhichὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of φέροιτοῥάthenἄρα · particlesentence particleοἱfor himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of φέροιτογαμβροῖοhis son-in-lawγαμβρός · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Προίτοιοπάραfromπαρά · prepositionprepositionΠροίτοιοProetusΠροῖτος · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to πάρα - 178
And when he received the deadly token from his son-in-law,
Metre
αὐτὰρἐπεὶδὴσῆμα‖κακὸνπαρεδέξατογαμβροῦ
αὐτὰρandἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴthenδή · particlesentence particleσῆμαtokenσῆμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of παρεδέξατοκακὸνdeadlyκακός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies σῆμαπαρεδέξατοreceivedπαραδείκνυμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶγαμβροῦfrom his son-in-lawγαμβρός · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies σῆμα - 179
first he ordered him to kill the terrible Chimera.
Metre
πρῶτονμένῥαΧίμαιραν‖ἀμαιμακέτηνἐκέλευσε
πρῶτονfirstπρῶτος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐκέλευσεμένfirstμέν · particlesentence particleῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleΧίμαιρανChimeraΧίμαιρα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of πεφνέμενἀμαιμακέτηνterribleἀμαιμάκετος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Χίμαιρανἐκέλευσεorderedκελεύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 180
She was of divine stock, not born of men:
Metre
πεφνέμενἣἄρἔην‖θεῖονγένοςοὐδἀνθρώπων
πεφνέμενto killθείνω · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἐκέλευσεἣsheὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἔηνδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔηνwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθεῖονdivineθεῖος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies οὐγένοςstockγένος · nominative singular neuter nounpredicate nounἀνθρώπωνof menἄνθρωπος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies οὐ - 181
a lion in front, a serpent behind, and in the middle a she-goat,
Metre
πρόσθελέωνὄπιθεν‖δὲδράκωνμέσσηδὲχίμαιρα
πρόσθεin frontπρόσθεν · adverbadverbial to λέωνλέωνa lionλέων · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate nounὄπιθενbehindὄπισθεν · adverbadverbial to δράκωνδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleδράκωνserpentδράκων · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate nounμέσσηin the middleμέσος · nominative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχίμαιραshe-goatχίμαιρα · nominative singular feminine nounpredicate noun - 182
breathing out the terrible force of blazing fire.
Metre
δεινὸνἀποπνείουσα‖πυρὸςμένοςαἰθομένοιο
δεινὸνterribleδεινός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀποπνείουσαἀποπνείουσαbreathing outἀποπνέω · present active participle, nominative singular femininepredicate nounπυρὸςfireπῦρ · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies μένοςμένοςforceμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀποπνείουσααἰθομένοιοblazingαἴθω · present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neutermodifies πυρὸς - 183
Yet he killed her, trusting in portents from the gods.
Metre
καὶτὴνμὲνκατέπεφνε‖θεῶντεράεσσιπιθήσας
καὶyetκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordτὴνherὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of κατέπεφνεμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκατέπεφνεkilledκατέπεφνον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τεράεσσιτεράεσσιin portentsτέρας · dative plural neuter nounobject of πιθήσαςπιθήσαςtrustingπείθω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κατέπεφνε - 184
Next he fought the glorious Solymi;
Metre
δεύτεροναὖΣολύμοισι‖μαχέσσατοκυδαλίμοισι
δεύτερονsecondδεύτερος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to μαχέσσατοαὖnextαὖ · adverbadverbial to μαχέσσατοΣολύμοισιSolymiΣόλυμοι · dative plural masculine nounobject of μαχέσσατομαχέσσατοfoughtμάχομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκυδαλίμοισιgloriousκυδάλιμος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Σολύμοισι - 185
of all his wars with men, he called that fight the fiercest.
Metre
καρτίστηνδὴτήν‖γεμάχηνφάτοδύμεναιἀνδρῶν
καρτίστηνfiercestκράτιστος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μάχηνδὴindeedδή · particleemphasizing particleτήνthatὁ · accusative singular feminine articlemodifies μάχηνγεveryγε · particleemphasizing particleμάχηνbattleμάχη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of φάτοφάτοhe saidφημί · aorist indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδύμεναιto enterδύω · aorist active infinitiveobject of φάτοἀνδρῶνamong menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies μάχην - 186
Third he slew the Amazons, peers of men.
Metre
τὸτρίτοναὖκατέπεφνεν‖Ἀμαζόναςἀντιανείρας
τὸtheὁ · accusative singular neuter articlemodifies τρίτοντρίτονthirdτρίτος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to κατέπεφνεναὖnextαὖ · adverbadverbial to κατέπεφνενκατέπεφνενslewκατέπεφνον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈμαζόναςAmazonsἈμαζών · accusative plural feminine nounobject of κατέπεφνενἀντιανείραςpeers of menἀντιάνειρα · accusative plural feminine nounmodifies Ἀμαζόνας - 187
As he returned, the king wove yet another close-set trap:
Metre
τῷἄρἀνερχομένῳ‖πυκινὸνδόλονἄλλονὕφαινε
τῷfor himὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ὕφαινεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἀνερχομένῳreturningἀνέρχομαι · present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculinecircumstantial complementπυκινὸνclose-packedπυκνός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δόλονδόλονtrapδόλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὕφαινεἄλλονanotherἄλλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δόλονὕφαινεwas weavingὑφαίνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 188
choosing the best men from broad Lycia,
κρίναςhaving chosenκρίνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἷσεἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionΛυκίηςLyciaΛυκία · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐκεὐρείηςwideεὐρύς · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies Λυκίηςφῶταςmenφώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of κρίναςἀρίστουςthe bestἄριστος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies φῶτας - 189
he set an ambush; but none of them returned home,
Metre
εἷσελόχοντοὶοὔ‖τιπάλινοἶκονδὲνέοντο
εἷσεsetἵζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbλόχονambushλόχος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εἷσετοὶtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of νέοντοδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounemphasizing particleπάλινbackπάλιν · adverbadverbial to νέοντοοἶκονhomeοἶκος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of νέοντοδὲtowardδέ · particleemphasizing particleνέοντοreturnedνέομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 190
for blameless Bellerophon killed them all.
Metre
πάνταςγὰρκατέπεφνεν‖ἀμύμωνΒελλεροφόντης
πάνταςallπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of κατέπεφνενγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleκατέπεφνενkilledκατέπεφνον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀμύμωνblamelessἀμύμων · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΒελλεροφόντηςΒελλεροφόντηςBellerophonΒελλεροφόντης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κατέπεφνεν - 191
But when the king knew him for the noble offspring of a god,
Metre
ἀλλὅτεδὴγίγνωσκε‖θεοῦγόνονἠῢνἐόντα
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴthenδή · particlesentence particleγίγνωσκεrecognizedγιγνώσκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτεθεοῦof a godθεός · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies γόνονγόνονoffspringγόνος · accusative singular masculine nounpredicate nounἠῢνnobleἐύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies γόνονἐόνταbeingεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculineobject of γίγνωσκε - 192
he kept him there and gave him his own daughter,
Metre
αὐτοῦμινκατέρυκε‖δίδουὅγεθυγατέραἥν
αὐτοῦthereαὐτοῦ · adverbobject of κατέρυκεμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of κατέρυκεκατέρυκεkept thereκατερύκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδίδουgaveδίδωμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δέγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleθυγατέραdaughterθυγάτηρ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of δίδουἥνhis ownὅς · accusative singular feminine pronounmodifies θυγατέρα - 193
and bestowed on him half of all his kingly honor;
Metre
δῶκεδέοἱτιμῆς‖βασιληΐδοςἥμισυπάσης
δῶκεgaveδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of δῶκετιμῆςof honorτιμή · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἥμισυἥμισυhalfἥμισυς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveobject of δῶκεπάσηςallπᾶς · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies τιμῆς - 194
and the Lycians marked out for him an estate surpassing all others,
καὶandκαί · adverbsentence particleμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleοἱtheὁ · nominative plural masculine articlemodifies ΛύκιοιΛύκιοιLyciansΛύκιοι · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τάμοντέμενοςestateτέμενος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of τάμοντάμονmarked outτέμνω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἔξοχονoutstandingἔξοχος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τέμενοςἄλλωνall othersἄλλος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἔξοχον - 195
fine with orchard and plowland, for him to hold.
Metre
καλὸνφυταλιῆς‖καὶἀρούρηςὄφρανέμοιτο
καλὸνfairκαλός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τέμενοςφυταλιῆςwith orchardφυταλιά · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀρούρηςplowlandἄρουρα · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies καὶὄφραso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionνέμοιτοhe might holdνέμω · present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὄφρα - 196
And she bore three children to wise-hearted Bellerophon:
Metre
ἣἔτεκετρίατέκνα‖δαΐφρονιΒελλεροφόντῃ
ἣsheὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἔτεκεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔτεκεboreτίκτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτρίαthreeτρεῖς · numeralmodifies τέκνατέκναchildrenτέκνον · accusative plural neuter nounobjectδαΐφρονιwise-heartedδαίφρων · dative singular adjectivemodifies ΒελλεροφόντῃΒελλεροφόντῃBellerophonΒελλεροφόντης · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἔτεκε - 197
Isander and Hippolochus and Laodameia.
Metre
ἼσανδρόντεκαὶἹππόλοχον‖καὶΛαοδάμειαν
ἼσανδρόνIsanderἼσανδρος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἹππόλοχονHippolochusἹππόλοχος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΛαοδάμειανLaodameiaΛαοδάμεια · accusative singular feminine nounobject - 198
Zeus the counselor lay beside Laodameia,
Metre
Λαοδαμείῃμὲν‖παρελέξατομητίεταΖεύς
ΛαοδαμείῃLaodameiaΛαοδάμεια · dative singular feminine nounobject of παρελέξατομὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleπαρελέξατοlay besideπαραλέγω · aorist indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμητίεταthe counselorμητίετα · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΖεύςΖεύςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of παρελέξατο - 199
and she bore bronze-helmed Sarpedon, a peer of gods.
Metre
ἣἔτεκἀντίθεον‖Σαρπηδόναχαλκοκορυστήν
ἣsheὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἔτεκ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔτεκboreτίκτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀντίθεονpeer of godsἀντίθεος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΣαρπηδόναΣαρπηδόναSarpedonΣαρπηδών · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔτεκ̓χαλκοκορυστήνbronze-helmedχαλκοκορυστής · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Σαρπηδόνα - 200
But when Bellerophon too had grown hateful to all the gods,
Metre
ἀλλὅτεδὴκαὶκεῖνος‖ἀπήχθετοπᾶσιθεοῖσιν
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴthenδή · particlesentence particleκαὶtooκαί · conjunctionemphasizing particleκεῖνοςheκεῖνος · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of ἀπήχθετοἀπήχθετοgrew hatefulἀπεχθάνομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτεπᾶσιallπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοῖσινθεοῖσινto the godsθεός · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀπήχθετο - 201
alone he wandered over the Alean plain,
Metre
ἤτοιὃκὰππεδίον‖τὸἈλήϊονοἶοςἀλᾶτο
ἤτοιthenἤτοι · particlesentence particleὃheὅς · accusative singular neuter pronounsubject of ἀλᾶτοκὰπoverκατά · prepositionprepositionπεδίονplainπεδίον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of κὰπτὸtheὁ · accusative singular neuter articlemodifies πεδίονἈλήϊονAleanἈλήιον · accusative singular neuter nounmodifies πεδίονοἶοςaloneοἶος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀλᾶτοwanderedἀλάομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 202
eating out his own heart, shunning the paths of men.
Metre
ὃνθυμὸνκατέδων‖πάτονἀνθρώπωνἀλεείνων
ὃνhis ownἑός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμὸνθυμὸνheartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κατέδωνκατέδωνdevouringκατέδω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ,πάτονpathsπάτος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀλεείνωνἀνθρώπωνof menἄνθρωπος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies πάτονἀλεείνωνshunningἀλεείνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to , - 203
Ares, insatiate for war, killed his son Isander
Metre
Ἴσανδρονδέοἱυἱὸν‖Ἄρηςἆτοςπολέμοιο
ἼσανδρονIsanderἼσανδρος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies Ἄρηςυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἌρηςAresἌρης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κατέκτανεἆτοςinsatiableἄατος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἄρηςπολέμοιοfor warπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἆτος - 204
as he fought against the glorious Solymi;
Metre
μαρνάμενονΣολύμοισι‖κατέκτανεκυδαλίμοισι
μαρνάμενονfightingμάρναμαι · present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementΣολύμοισιSolymiΣόλυμοι · dative plural masculine nounobject of μαρνάμενονκατέκτανεkilled himκατακτείνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκυδαλίμοισιgloriousκυδάλιμος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Σολύμοισι - 205
and golden-reined Artemis, enraged, killed Laodameia.
Metre
τὴνδὲχολωσαμένη‖χρυσήνιοςἌρτεμιςἔκτα
τὴνherὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ἔκταδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχολωσαμένηangeredχολόω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἔκταχρυσήνιοςgolden-reinedχρυσήνιος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἌρτεμιςἌρτεμιςArtemisἌρτεμις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔκταἔκταkilledκτείνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 206
Hippolochus begot me, and from him I claim my birth.
Metre
Ἱππόλοχοςδέἔτικτε‖καὶἐκτοῦφημιγενέσθαι
ἹππόλοχοςHippolochusἹππόλοχος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔτικτεδέandδέ · particlesentence particleμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔτικτεἔτικτεbegot meτίκτω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionτοῦhimτις · genitive singular pronounobject of ἐκφημιI claimφημί · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbγενέσθαιto be bornγίγνομαι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of φημι - 207
He sent me to Troy and laid many commands upon me:
Metre
πέμπεδέἐςΤροίην‖καίμοιμάλαπόλλἐπέτελλεν
πέμπεhe sentπέμπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlesentence particleμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of πέμπεἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionΤροίηνTroyΤροία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐςκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμοιupon meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπέτελλενμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleπόλλmanyπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐπέτελλενἐπέτελλενlaid commandsἐπιτέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 208
always to be best and rise above all others,
Metre
αἰὲνἀριστεύειν‖καὶὑπείροχονἔμμεναιἄλλων
αἰὲνalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἀριστεύεινἀριστεύεινbe preeminentἀριστεύω · present active infinitiveobject of δὲκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleὑπείροχονabove allὑπέροχος · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἔμμεναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of καὶἄλλωνothersἄλλος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ὑπείροχον - 209
and never shame the line of my fathers, who were by far the best
Metre
μηδὲγένοςπατέρων‖αἰσχυνέμενοἳμέγἄριστοι
γένοςlineγένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of αἰσχυνέμενπατέρωνof my fathersπατήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies γένοςαἰσχυνέμενnever shameαἰσχύνω · present active infinitiveobject of δὲοἳwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐγένοντομέγby farμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectiveemphasizing particleἄριστοιbestἄριστος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 210
in Ephyra and in broad Lycia.
ἔνinἐν · prepositionprepositionτandτε · particlesentence particleἘφύρῃEphyraἘφύρα · dative singular feminine nounmodifies ἔνἐγένοντοwereγίγνομαι · aorist indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing πατέρωνκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionΛυκίῃLyciaΛυκία · dative singular feminine nounmodifies ἐνεὐρείῃbroadεὐρύς · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Λυκίῃ - 211
From this lineage and blood I claim to come."
Metre
ταύτηςτοιγενεῆς‖τεκαὶαἵματοςεὔχομαιεἶναι
ταύτηςthisοὗτος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies γενεῆςτοιindeedσύ · dative singular pronounsentence particleγενεῆςlineageγενεά · genitive singular feminine nounpredicate nounτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordαἵματοςbloodαἷμα · genitive singular neuter nounpredicate nounεὔχομαιI claimεὔχομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbεἶναιto comeεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of εὔχομαι - 212
So he spoke, and Diomedes, good at the war-cry, rejoiced;
Metre
ὣςφάτογήθησεν‖δὲβοὴνἀγαθὸςΔιομήδης
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάτοφάτοhe spokeφημί · aorist indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγήθησενrejoicedγηθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordβοὴνat the war-cryβοή · accusative singular feminine nounmodifies ἀγαθὸςἀγαθὸςgoodἀγαθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιομήδηςΔιομήδηςDiomedesΔιομήδης · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of γήθησεν - 213
he planted his spear in the all-nurturing earth,
Metre
ἔγχοςμὲνκατέπηξεν‖ἐπὶχθονὶπουλυβοτείρῃ
ἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of κατέπηξενμὲνthenμέν · particlesentence particleκατέπηξενplantedκαταπήγνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπὶinἐπί · prepositionprepositionχθονὶearthχθών · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπὶπουλυβοτείρῃall-nurturingπολυβότειρα · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χθονὶ - 214
and with gentle words addressed the shepherd of the people:
Metre
αὐτὰρὃμειλιχίοισι‖προσηύδαποιμέναλαῶν
αὐτὰρandἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordὃheὅς · accusative singular neuter pronounsubject of προσηύδαμειλιχίοισιwith gentle wordsμειλίχιος · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifiesπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbποιμέναshepherdποιμήν · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προσηύδαλαῶνof the peopleλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ποιμένα - 215
"Then truly you are an old guest-friend of my father's line.
Metre
ἦῥάνύμοιξεῖνος‖πατρώϊόςἐσσιπαλαιός
ἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleῥάthenἄρα · particlesentence particleνύindeedνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἐσσιμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies ξεῖνοςξεῖνοςguest-friendξένος · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate nounπατρώϊόςof my fathersπατρώιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ξεῖνοςἐσσιyou areεἰμί · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbπαλαιόςoldπαλαιός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 216
For once godlike Oeneus welcomed blameless Bellerophon
Metre
Οἰνεὺςγάρποτεδῖος‖ἀμύμοναΒελλεροφόντην
ΟἰνεὺςOeneusΟἰνεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ξείνισ̓γάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleποτεonceποτέ · particleadverbial to ξείνισ̓δῖοςgodlikeδῖος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Οἰνεὺςἀμύμοναblamelessἀμύμων · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΒελλεροφόντηνΒελλεροφόντηνBellerophonΒελλεροφόντης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ξείνισ̓ - 217
and kept him as his guest in his halls for twenty days;
Metre
ξείνισἐνὶμεγάροισιν‖ἐείκοσινἤματἐρύξας
ξείνισmade his guestξενίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionμεγάροισινhallsμέγαρον · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐνὶἐείκοσινtwentyεἴκοσι · numeralmodifies ἤματ̓ἤματdaysἦμαρ · accusative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐρύξαςἐρύξαςhaving keptἐρύκω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ξείνισ̓ - 218
and the two gave each other fine guest-gifts.
Metre
οἳδὲκαὶἀλλήλοισι‖πόρονξεινήϊακαλά
δὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαὶthenκαί · adverbsentence particleἀλλήλοισιone anotherἀλλήλων · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of πόρονπόρονgaveπόρω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbξεινήϊαguest-giftsξεινήιον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of πόρονκαλάfineκαλός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ξεινήϊα - 219
Oeneus gave a belt purple-bright,
Metre
Οἰνεὺςμὲνζωστῆρα‖δίδουφοίνικιφαεινόν
ΟἰνεὺςOeneusΟἰνεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δίδουμὲνon one sideμέν · particlesentence particleζωστῆραbeltζωστήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of δίδουδίδουgaveδίδωμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφοίνικιpurpleφοῖνιξ · dative singular masculine nounmodifies φαεινόνφαεινόνgleamingφαεινός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ζωστῆρα - 220
and Bellerophon gave a double-handled cup of gold,
Metre
Βελλεροφόντηςδὲ‖χρύσεονδέπαςἀμφικύπελλον
ΒελλεροφόντηςBellerophonΒελλεροφόντης · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleχρύσεονgoldenχρύσεος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δέπαςδέπαςcupδέπας · accusative singular neuter nounobjectἀμφικύπελλονdouble-handledἀμφικύπελλος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δέπας - 221
which I left behind in my own house when I came away.
Metre
καίμινἐγὼκατέλειπον‖ἰὼνἐνδώμασἐμοῖσι
καίwhichκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμινitμιν · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of κατέλειπονἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of κατέλειπονκατέλειπονleft behindκαταλείπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἰὼνon leavingεἶμι · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κατέλειπονἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionδώμασhouseδῶμα · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἐνἐμοῖσιmyἐμός · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δώμασ̓ - 222
I have no memory of Tydeus, since he left me still an infant,
Metre
Τυδέαοὐμέμνημαι‖ἐπείἔτιτυτθὸνἐόντα
ΤυδέαTydeusΤυδεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of μέμνημαιδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμέμνημαιrememberμιμνήσκω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἐπείsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of κάλλιφ̓ἔτιstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to ἐόντατυτθὸνlittleτυτθός · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐόνταan infantεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 223
when the Achaean host perished at Thebes.
Metre
κάλλιφὅτἐνΘήβῃσιν‖ἀπώλετολαὸςἈχαιῶν
κάλλιφhe left meκαταλείπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπείὅτwhenὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionΘήβῃσινThebesΘῆβαι · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐνἀπώλετοperishedἀπόλλυμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτ̓λαὸςpeopleλαός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπώλετοἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies λαὸς - 224
So now in middle Argos I am your dear guest-friend,
Metre
τὼνῦνσοὶμὲνἐγὼ‖ξεῖνοςφίλοςἌργεϊμέσσῳ
τὼsoτῷ · adverbadverbial to δ̓νῦνnowνῦν · adverbsentence particleσοὶfor youσύ · dative singular pronounmodifies ξεῖνοςμὲνnowμέν · particlesentence particleἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἰμίξεῖνοςguest-friendξένος · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate nounφίλοςdearφίλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ξεῖνοςἌργεϊArgosἌργος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to εἰμίμέσσῳmiddleμέσος · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies Ἄργεϊ - 225
and you are mine in Lycia, whenever I come among that people.
Metre
εἰμίσὺἐνΛυκίῃ‖ὅτεκεντῶνδῆμονἵκωμαι
εἰμίI amεἰμί · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionΛυκίῃLyciaλυκία · dative singular feminine nounadverbialὅτεwheneverὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκενI mayἄν · particleemphasizing particleτῶνthatὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies δῆμονδῆμονpeopleδῆμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἵκωμαιἵκωμαιI come amongἱκνέομαι · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial - 226
Let us shun each other's spears, even in the press;
Metre
ἔγχεαἀλλήλων‖ἀλεώμεθακαὶδιὁμίλου
ἔγχεαspearsἔγχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἀλεώμεθαδsoδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀλλήλωνeach other'sἀλλήλων · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἔγχεαἀλεώμεθαlet us shunἀλέομαι · present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleδιinδιά · prepositionprepositionὁμίλουthe pressὅμιλος · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to δἰ - 227
I have many Trojans and famed allies
Metre
πολλοὶμὲνγὰρἐμοὶ‖Τρῶεςκλειτοίἐπίκουροι
πολλοὶmanyπολύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρῶεςμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐμοὶfor meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobjectΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubjectκλειτοίgloriousκλειτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἐπίκουροιτandτε · particlecoordinating wordἐπίκουροιalliesἐπίκουρος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject - 228
to kill, whomever a god gives me and I overtake on foot;
Metre
κτείνεινὅνκεθεός‖γεπόρῃκαὶποσσὶκιχείω
κτείνεινto killκτείνω · present active infinitiveadverbialὅνwhomὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of πόρῃκεmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleθεόςa godθεός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πόρῃγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleπόρῃgivesπόρω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordποσσὶon footπούς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to κιχείωκιχείωI overtakeκιχάνω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶ - 229
and you have many Achaeans to slay, whomever you can.
Metre
πολλοὶαὖσοὶἈχαιοὶ‖ἐναιρέμενὅνκεδύνηαι
πολλοὶmanyπολύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχαιοὶδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖin turnαὖ · adverbadverbialσοὶfor youσύ · dative singular pronounobjectἈχαιοὶAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubjectἐναιρέμενto slayἐναίρω · present active infinitiveadverbialὅνwhomὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobjectκεwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleδύνηαιyou canδύναμαι · present medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἀχαιοὶ - 230
Let us exchange armor with one another, so these men too
Metre
τεύχεαἀλλήλοις‖ἐπαμείψομενὄφρακαὶοἵδε
τεύχεαarmsτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐπαμείψομενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀλλήλοιςwith one anotherἀλλήλων · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐπαμείψομενἐπαμείψομενlet us exchangeἐπαμείβω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbὄφραso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleοἵδεthese menὅδε · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of γνῶσιν - 231
may know that we claim to be ancestral guest-friends."
γνῶσινmay knowγιγνώσκω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὄφραὅτιthatὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionξεῖνοιguest-friendsξένος · nominative plural masculine nounpredicate nounπατρώϊοιancestralπατρώιος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ξεῖνοιεὐχόμεθwe claimεὔχομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verbobject of ὅτιεἶναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of εὐχόμεθ̓ - 232
So speaking, they sprang down from their chariots,
Metre
ὣςἄραφωνήσαντε‖καθἵππωνἀΐξαντε
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φωνήσαντεἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleφωνήσαντεspeakingφωνέω · aorist active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to καὶκαθdown fromκατά · prepositionprepositionἵππωνhorsesἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of καθ̓ἀΐξαντεthey sprangἀίσσω · aorist active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to λαβέτην - 233
clasped each other's hands and pledged their faith.
Metre
χεῖράςἀλλήλων‖λαβέτηνκαὶπιστώσαντο
χεῖράςhandsχείρ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of λαβέτηντandτε · particlesentence particleἀλλήλωνone anotherἀλλήλων · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies χεῖράςλαβέτηνclaspedλαμβάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπιστώσαντοpledged faithπιστόω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 234
But then Zeus, son of Cronos, took the wits from Glaucus,
Metre
ἔνθαὖτεΓλαύκῳ‖ΚρονίδηςφρέναςἐξέλετοΖεύς
ἔνθthenἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἐξέλετοαὖτεin turnαὖτε · adverbsentence particleΓλαύκῳfrom GlaucusΓλαῦκος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐξέλετοΚρονίδηςson of CronosΚρονίδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ζεύςφρέναςwitsφρήν · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐξέλετοἐξέλετοtookἐξαιρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΖεύςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐξέλετο - 235
for Glaucus exchanged armor with Tydeus' son Diomedes,
Metre
ὃςπρὸςΤυδεΐδην‖Διομήδεατεύχεἄμειβε
ὃςheὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ,πρὸςwithπρός · prepositionprepositionΤυδεΐδηνson of TydeusΤυδεΐδης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ΔιομήδεαΔιομήδεαDiomedesΔιομήδης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of πρὸςτεύχεarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἄμειβεἄμειβεexchangedἀμείβω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Γλαύκῳ - 236
golden for bronze, worth a hundred cattle against nine.
Metre
χρύσεαχαλκείων‖ἑκατόμβοιἐννεαβοίων
χρύσεαgoldenχρύσεος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχἐχαλκείωνfor bronzeχάλκειος · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifiesἑκατόμβοιworth a hundred oxenἑκατόμβοιος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifiesἐννεαβοίωνworth nine oxenἐννεάβοιος · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies - 237
When Hector reached the Scaean gates and the oak,
Metre
ἝκτωρὡςΣκαιάς‖τεπύλαςκαὶφηγὸνἵκανεν
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἵκανενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὡςwhenὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionΣκαιάςScaeanΣκαιαί · accusative plural feminine nounmodifies πύλαςτεandτε · particlesentence particleπύλαςgatesπύλη · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordφηγὸνoak treeφηγός · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶἵκανενreachedἱκάνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὡς - 238
the Trojan wives and daughters ran about him,
Metre
ἀμφἄραμινΤρώων‖ἄλοχοιθέονἠδὲθύγατρες
ἀμφaboutἀμφί · prepositionprepositionἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀμφ̓ΤρώωνTrojanΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies ἠδὲἄλοχοιwivesἄλοχος · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἠδὲθέονranθέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordθύγατρεςdaughtersθυγάτηρ · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἠδὲ - 239
asking after sons and brothers, kinsmen
Metre
εἰρόμεναιπαῖδάς‖τεκασιγνήτουςτεἔταςτε
εἰρόμεναιasking afterἔρομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminineadverbial to θέονπαῖδάςsonsπαῖς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκασιγνήτουςbrothersκασίγνητος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleἔταςkinsmenἔτης · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particle - 240
and husbands; but he told them all to pray to the gods,
Metre
καὶπόσιαςὃἔπειτα‖θεοῖςεὔχεσθαιἀνώγει
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπόσιαςhusbandsπόσις · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀνώγειδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἀνώγειθεοῖςto the godsθεός · dative plural masculine nounobject of εὔχεσθαιεὔχεσθαιto prayεὔχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἀνώγειἀνώγειtoldἄνωγα · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 241
one after another; and sorrows had fastened upon many.
Metre
πάσαςἑξείης‖πολλῇσιδὲκήδεἐφῆπτο
πάσαςallπᾶς · accusative plural feminine adjectivesubject of εὔχεσθαιἑξείηςin successionἑξῆς · adverbadverbial to εὔχεσθαιπολλῇσιupon manyπολύς · dative plural feminine adjectiveobject of ἐφῆπτοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκήδεtroublesκῆδος · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of ἐφῆπτοἐφῆπτοhad fastenedἐφάπτω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 242
But when he reached Priam's splendid house,
Metre
ἀλλὅτεδὴΠριάμοιο‖δόμονπερικαλλέἵκανε
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleΠριάμοιοof PriamΠρίαμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies δόμονδόμονhouseδόμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἵκανεπερικαλλέsplendidπερικαλλής · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δόμονἵκανεreachedἱκάνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial - 243
built with polished colonnades, within it
Metre
ξεστῇςαἰθούσῃσι‖τετυγμένοναὐτὰρἐναὐτῷ
ξεστῇςpolishedξεστός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies αἰθούσῃσιαἰθούσῃσιporticoesαἴθουσα · dative plural feminine nounobject of τετυγμένοντετυγμένονbuiltτεύχω · perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinemodifies δόμοναὐτὰρandἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐνwithinἐν · prepositionprepositionαὐτῷitαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐν - 244
were fifty chambers of polished stone,
Metre
πεντήκοντἔνεσαν‖θάλαμοιξεστοῖολίθοιο
πεντήκοντfiftyπεντήκοντα · numeralmodifies θάλαμοιἔνεσανwere setἐνέζομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbθάλαμοιchambersθάλαμος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἔνεσανξεστοῖοpolishedξεστός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies λίθοιολίθοιοstoneλίθος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θάλαμοι - 245
built close beside one another, where the sons
Metre
πλησίονἀλλήλων‖δεδμημένοιἔνθαδὲπαῖδες
πλησίονclose besideπλησίος · prepositionprepositionἀλλήλωνone anotherἀλλήλων · genitive plural masculine adjectiveobject of πλησίονδεδμημένοιbuiltδέμω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculinemodifies θάλαμοιἔνθαwhereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to κοιμῶντοδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπαῖδεςsonsπαῖς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of κοιμῶντο - 246
of Priam slept beside their wedded wives.
Metre
κοιμῶντοΠριάμοιο‖παρὰμνηστῇςἀλόχοισι
κοιμῶντοsleptκοιμάω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbΠριάμοιοof PriamΠρίαμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies παῖδεςπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionμνηστῇςweddedμνηστός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἀλόχοισιἀλόχοισιwivesἄλοχος · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to παρὰ - 247
Opposite them, on the courtyard's farther side, for his daughters
Metre
κουράωνἑτέρωθεν‖ἐναντίοιἔνδοθεναὐλῆς
κουράωνfor his daughtersκουρά · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies θάλαμοιδandδέ · particlesentence particleἑτέρωθενon the other sideἑτέρωθεν · adverbadverbial to ἔσανἐναντίοιoppositeἐναντίος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔνδοθενinsideἔνδοθεν · prepositionprepositionαὐλῆςthe courtyardαὐλή · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἔνδοθεν - 248
stood twelve upper chambers of polished stone,
Metre
δώδεκἔσαντέγεοι‖θάλαμοιξεστοῖολίθοιο
δώδεκtwelveδώδεκα · numeralmodifies θάλαμοιἔσανwereεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbτέγεοιupperτέγεος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θάλαμοιθάλαμοιchambersθάλαμος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἔσανξεστοῖοpolishedξεστός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies λίθοιολίθοιοstoneλίθος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θάλαμοι - 249
built close beside one another, where the sons-in-law
Metre
πλησίονἀλλήλων‖δεδμημένοιἔνθαδὲγαμβροὶ
πλησίονclose besideπλησίος · adverbprepositionἀλλήλωνone anotherἀλλήλων · genitive plural masculine adjectiveobject of πλησίονδεδμημένοιbuiltδέμω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculinemodifies θάλαμοιἔνθαwhereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to κοιμῶντοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordγαμβροὶsons-in-lawγαμβρός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of κοιμῶντο - 250
of Priam slept beside their honored wives.
Metre
κοιμῶντοΠριάμοιο‖παραἰδοίῃςἀλόχοισιν
κοιμῶντοsleptκοιμάω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbΠριάμοιοof PriamΠρίαμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies γαμβροὶπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionαἰδοίῃςhonoredαἰδοῖος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἀλόχοισινἀλόχοισινwivesἄλοχος · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to παῤ - 251
There his kindly mother came to meet him,
Metre
ἔνθάοἱἠπιόδωρος‖ἐναντίηἤλυθεμήτηρ
ἔνθάthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἤλυθεοἱto himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἤλυθεἠπιόδωροςkindlyἠπιόδωρος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μήτηρἐναντίηto meet himἐναντίος · nominative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementἤλυθεcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμήτηρmotherμήτηρ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἤλυθε - 252
leading Laodice, the fairest in form of all her daughters.
Metre
Λαοδίκηνἐσάγουσα‖θυγατρῶνεἶδοςἀρίστην
ΛαοδίκηνLaodiceΛαοδίκη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐσάγουσαἐσάγουσαleadingεἰσάγω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἤλυθεθυγατρῶνof her daughtersθυγάτηρ · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies ἀρίστηνεἶδοςin formεἶδος · accusative singular neuter nounmodifies ἀρίστηνἀρίστηνmost beautifulἄριστος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Λαοδίκην - 253
She took his hand, and spoke to him, and called him by name:
ἔνthenἐν · prepositionemphasizing particleτandτε · particlesentence particleἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of φῦφῦclaspedφύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχειρὶhandχείρ · dative singular feminine nounobject of φῦἔποςwordἔπος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔφατ̓τandτε · particlesentence particleἔφατshe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔκoutἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleτandτε · particlecoordinating wordὀνόμαζεcalled by nameὀνομάζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 254
"My child, why have you left the fierce battle and come here?
Metre
τέκνοντίπτελιπὼν‖πόλεμονθρασὺνεἰλήλουθας
τέκνονmy childτέκνον · vocative singular neuter noungoverned by an elided headτίπτεwhyτίπτε · adverbadverbial to εἰλήλουθαςλιπὼνhaving leftλείπω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἰλήλουθαςπόλεμονbattleπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of λιπὼνθρασὺνfierceθρασύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πόλεμονεἰλήλουθαςhave you comeἔρχομαι · perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 255
Surely the accursed sons of the Achaeans press us hard,
Metre
ἦμάλαδὴτείρουσι‖δυσώνυμοιυἷεςἈχαιῶν
ἦsurelyἦ · adverbsentence particleμάλαveryμάλα · adverbadverbial to τείρουσιδὴnowδή · particleemphasizing particleτείρουσιpress hardτείρω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδυσώνυμοιaccursedδυσώνυμος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies υἷεςυἷεςsonsυἱός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τείρουσιἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies υἷες - 256
fighting around the town, and your heart has driven you
Metre
μαρνάμενοιπερὶἄστυ‖σὲἐνθάδεθυμὸςἀνῆκεν
μαρνάμενοιfightingμάρναμαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to τείρουσιπερὶaboutπερί · prepositionprepositionἄστυcityἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of περὶσὲyouσύ · accusative singular pronounsubject of ἀνασχεῖνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνθάδεhereἐνθάδε · adverbobject of ἐλθόντ̓θυμὸςspiritθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀνῆκενἀνῆκενhas drivenἀνίημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 257
to come and from the city's height lift your hands to Zeus.
Metre
ἐλθόντἐξἄκρης‖πόλιοςΔιὶχεῖραςἀνασχεῖν
ἐλθόντto comeἔρχομαι · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionἄκρηςthe heightἄκρα · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies πόλιοςπόλιοςof the cityπόλις · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐξΔιὶto ZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἀνασχεῖνχεῖραςhandsχείρ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἀνασχεῖνἀνασχεῖνto raiseἀνέχω · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἀνῆκεν - 258
But wait while I bring you honey-sweet wine,
Metre
ἀλλὰμένὄφράκέτοι‖μελιηδέαοἶνονἐνείκω
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleμένwaitμένω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbὄφράwhileὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκέI mayἄν · particleemphasizing particleτοιfor youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of ἐνείκωμελιηδέαhoney-sweetμελιηδής · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies οἶνονοἶνονwineοἶνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐνείκωἐνείκωbringφέρω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to ὄφρά - 259
so first you may pour to father Zeus and the other immortals,
Metre
ὡςσπείσῃςΔιὶπατρὶ‖καὶἄλλοιςἀθανάτοισι
ὡςsoὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionσπείσῃςpour libationσπένδω · aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to δὲΔιὶto Zeusζεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶπατρὶfatherπατήρ · dative singular masculine nounmodifies Διὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄλλοιςotherἄλλος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀθανάτοισιἀθανάτοισιimmortalsἀθάνατος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of καὶ - 260
and afterward refresh yourself, if you drink.
Metre
πρῶτονἔπειταδὲκαὐτὸς‖ὀνήσεαιαἴκεπίῃσθα
πρῶτονfirstπρῶτος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to σπείσῃςἔπειταafterwardἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ὀνήσεαιδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαὐτὸςyourselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementὀνήσεαιrefreshὀνίνημι · aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to δὲαἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκεshouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleπίῃσθαdrinkπίνω · aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to αἴ - 261
Wine greatly increases the strength of a weary man,
Metre
ἀνδρὶδὲκεκμηῶτι‖μένοςμέγαοἶνοςἀέξει
ἀνδρὶfor a manἀνήρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἀέξειδὲindeedδέ · particlecoordinating wordκεκμηῶτιwearyκάμνω · perfect active participle, dative singular masculinecircumstantial complementμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀέξειμέγαgreatlyμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀέξειοἶνοςwineοἶνος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀέξειἀέξειwill increaseἀέξω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 262
as you are weary from defending your kinsmen."
Metre
ὡςτύνηκέκμηκας‖ἀμύνωνσοῖσινἔτῃσι
ὡςasὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτύνηyou yourselfσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of κέκμηκαςκέκμηκαςare wearyκάμνω · perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ὡςἀμύνωνdefendingἀμύνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κέκμηκαςσοῖσινyourσός · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἔτῃσιἔτῃσιkinsmenἔτης · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀμύνων - 263
Then great Hector of the flashing helm answered her:
Metre
τὴνἠμείβετἔπειτα‖μέγαςκορυθαίολοςἝκτωρ
τὴνherὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ἠμείβετ̓δthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἠμείβετansweredἀμείβω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἠμείβετ̓μέγαςgreatμέγας · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτωρκορυθαίολοςof the flashing helmκορυθαίολος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠμείβετ̓ - 264
"Do not offer me honey-hearted wine, lady mother,
Metre
μήμοιοἶνονἄειρε‖μελίφροναπότνιαμῆτερ
μήdo notμή · adverbemphasizing particleμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἄειρεοἶνονwineοἶνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἄειρεἄειρεofferἀείρω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbμελίφροναhoney-sweetμελίφρων · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies οἶνονπότνιαladyπότνια · nominative singular feminine nounmodifies μῆτερμῆτερmotherμήτηρ · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided head - 265
lest you weaken my might and I forget my valor.
μήlestμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀπογυιώσῃςἀπογυιώσῃςdepriveἀπογυιόω · aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to τεμένεοςof strengthμένος · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἀπογυιώσῃςἀλκῆςvalorἀλκή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of λάθωμαιτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordλάθωμαιI forgetλανθάνω · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to τε - 266
With unwashed hands I shrink from pouring gleaming wine to Zeus;
Metre
χερσὶἀνίπτοισιν‖Διὶλείβειναἴθοπαοἶνον
χερσὶwith handsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to λείβεινδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀνίπτοισινunwashedἄνιπτος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies χερσὶΔιὶto ZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of λείβεινλείβεινto pourλείβω · present active infinitiveobject of ἅζομαιαἴθοπαsparklingαἶθοψ · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies οἶνονοἶνονwineοἶνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of λείβειν - 267
nor is it permitted to pray to the dark-clouded son of Cronos
Metre
ἅζομαιοὐδέπῃἔστι‖κελαινεφέϊΚρονίωνι
ἅζομαιI shrinkἅζομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbπῃin any wayπη · particlesentence particleἔστιis it permittedεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκελαινεφέϊdark-cloudedκελαινεφής · dative singular adjectivemodifies ΚρονίωνιΚρονίωνιson of CronosΚρονίων · dative singular masculine nounobject of εὐχετάασθαι - 268
when stained with blood and gore.
Metre
αἵματικαὶλύθρῳ‖πεπαλαγμένονεὐχετάασθαι
αἵματιwith bloodαἷμα · dative singular neuter nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordλύθρῳgoreλύθρον · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶπεπαλαγμένονwhen spatteredπαλάσσω · perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementεὐχετάασθαιto prayεὐχετάομαι · present medio-passive infinitivesubject of ἔστι - 269
But you, go to the temple of Athena, driver of spoil,
Metre
ἀλλὰσὺμὲνπρὸςνηὸν‖Ἀθηναίηςἀγελείης
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of ἔρχεομὲνnowμέν · particlesentence particleπρὸςtoπρός · prepositionprepositionνηὸνtempleναός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of πρὸςἈθηναίηςAthenaἈθήνη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies νηὸνἀγελείηςdriver of spoilἀγελείη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies Ἀθηναίης - 270
gathering the elder women together with offerings;
Metre
ἔρχεοσὺνθυέεσσιν‖ἀολλίσσασαγεραιάς
ἔρχεοgoἔρχομαι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbσὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionθυέεσσινofferingsθύος · dative plural nounadverbial to σὺνἀολλίσσασαhaving gatheredἀολλίζω · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἔρχεογεραιάςelder womenγεραιός · accusative plural feminine adjectiveobject of ἀολλίσσασα - 271
and take the robe you think the loveliest and largest
πέπλονrobeπέπλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of θὲςδandδέ · particlesentence particleὅςwhicheverὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔστιντίςoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies ὅςτοιto youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of ἠδὲχαριέστατοςmost pleasingχαρίεις · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordμέγιστοςlargestμέγας · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 272
in your hall, the one by far most dear to you yourself,
Metre
ἔστινἐνὶμεγάρῳ‖καίτοιπολὺφίλτατοςαὐτῇ
ἔστινisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καίἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionμεγάρῳhallμέγαρον · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐνὶκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordτοιto youσύ · dative singular pronounobjectπολὺby farπολύς · nominative singular neuter adjectiveemphasizing particleφίλτατοςdearestφίλτατος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounαὐτῇyourselfαὐτός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies τοι - 273
and lay it across lovely-haired Athena's knees,
Metre
τὸνθὲςἈθηναίης‖ἐπὶγούνασινἠϋκόμοιο
τὸνitὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ,θὲςlayτίθημι · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἈθηναίηςAthenaἈθήνη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies γούνασινἐπὶacrossἐπί · prepositionprepositionγούνασινkneesγόνυ · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἐπὶἠϋκόμοιοlovely-hairedεὔκομος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἀθηναίης - 274
and promise her twelve cattle in her temple,
Metre
καίοἱὑποσχέσθαι‖δυοκαίδεκαβοῦςἐνὶνηῷ
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordοἱherἕ · dative singular feminine pronounobject of ὑποσχέσθαιὑποσχέσθαιpromiseὑπισχνέομαι · aorist active infinitivemain verbδυοκαίδεκαtwelveδυοκαίδεκα · numeralmodifies βοῦςβοῦςcattleβοῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἱερευσέμενἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionνηῷtempleναός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνὶ - 275
yearling heifers, unbroken to the goad, to sacrifice if she will pity
Metre
ἤνιςἠκέστας‖ἱερευσέμεναἴἐλεήσῃ
ἤνιςyearling heifersἦνις · accusative plural feminine nounpredicate nounἠκέσταςunbrokenἤκεστος · accusative plural feminine adjectivesubjectἱερευσέμενto sacrificeἱερεύω · future active infinitiveobject of ὑποσχέσθαιαἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleἐλεήσῃpityἐλεέω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to αἴ - 276
the town and the Trojan wives and helpless children,
Metre
ἄστύτεκαὶΤρώων‖ἀλόχουςκαὶνήπιατέκνα
ἄστύcityἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΤρώωνTrojanΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies καὶἀλόχουςwivesἄλοχος · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνήπιαhelplessνήπιος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τέκνατέκναchildrenτέκνον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶ - 277
if she will hold the son of Tydeus back from sacred Ilion,
αἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκενwillἄν · particleemphasizing particleΤυδέοςof TydeusΤυδεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἀπόσχῃhold backἀπέχω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to αἴἸλίουfrom IlionἼλιος · genitive singular feminine adjectiveobject of ἀπόσχῃἱρῆςholyἱερός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἰλίου - 278
that savage spearman, mighty deviser of rout.
Metre
ἄγριοναἰχμητὴν‖κρατερὸνμήστωραφόβοιο
ἄγριονsavageἄγριος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies αἰχμητὴναἰχμητὴνspearmanαἰχμητής · accusative singular masculine nounobjectκρατερὸνmightyκρατερός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies μήστωραμήστωραdeviserμήστωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobjectφόβοιοof routφόβος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies μήστωρα - 279
But you, go to the temple of Athena, driver of spoil,
Metre
ἀλλὰσὺμὲνπρὸςνηὸν‖Ἀθηναίηςἀγελείης
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of ἔρχευμὲνnowμέν · particlesentence particleπρὸςtoπρός · prepositionprepositionνηὸνtempleναός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of πρὸςἈθηναίηςAthenaἈθήνη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies νηὸνἀγελείηςdriver of spoilἀγελείη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies Ἀθηναίης - 280
while I seek out Paris, to call him
Metre
ἔρχευἐγὼδὲΠάριν‖μετελεύσομαιὄφρακαλέσσω
ἔρχευgoἔρχομαι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of μετελεύσομαιδὲwhileδέ · particlecoordinating wordΠάρινParisΠάρις · accusative singular masculine nounobject of μετελεύσομαιμετελεύσομαιwill seek outμετέρχομαι · future middle indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbὄφραtoὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκαλέσσωcall himκαλέω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to ὄφρα - 281
if he will hear me speak. May the earth gape for him here!
Metre
αἴἐθέλῃσεἰπόντος‖ἀκουέμενὥςκέοἱαὖθι
αἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκwillἄν · particleemphasizing particleἐθέλῃσhe is willingἐθέλω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to αἴεἰπόντοςwhen I speakεἶπον · aorist active participle, genitive singular masculineobject of ἀκουέμενἀκουέμενto hearἀκούω · present active infinitiveobject of ἐθέλῃσ̓ὥςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to χάνοικέmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleοἱfor himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of χάνοιαὖθιhereαὖθι · adverbadverbial to χάνοι - 282
For the Olympian raised him as a great bane
Metre
γαῖαχάνοιμέγαγάρ‖μινὈλύμπιοςἔτρεφεπῆμα
γαῖαearthγαῖα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of χάνοιχάνοιmay gape openχάσκω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πῆμαγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔτρεφεὈλύμπιοςthe OlympianὈλύμπιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of ἔτρεφεἔτρεφεwas raisingτρέφω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπῆμαbaneπῆμα · accusative singular neuter nouncomplement of μιν - 283
to the Trojans, to great-hearted Priam, and to Priam's children.
Metre
ΤρωσίτεκαὶΠριάμῳ‖μεγαλήτοριτοῖότεπαισίν
Τρωσίto the Trojansτρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleΠριάμῳto PriamΠρίαμος · dative singular masculine nounobject of τεμεγαλήτοριgreat-heartedμεγαλήτωρ · dative singular masculine nounmodifies Πριάμῳτοῖόhisὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies παισίντεandτε · particlecoordinating wordπαισίνchildrenπαῖς · dative plural masculine nounobject of τε - 284
If I could see that man go down inside Hades,
Metre
εἰκεῖνόνγεἴδοιμι‖κατελθόντἌϊδοςεἴσω
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκεῖνόνthat manἐκεῖνος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἴδοιμιγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἴδοιμιI might seeεἶδον · aorist active optative, 1st singular verbadverbial to εἰκατελθόντgoing downκατέρχομαι · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἌϊδοςof HadesἈΐδης · genitive singular masculine nounobject of εἴσωεἴσωwithinεἴσω · prepositionpreposition - 285
I would say my heart had forgotten its joyless misery."
Metre
φαίηνκεφρένἀτέρπου‖ὀϊζύοςἐκλελαθέσθαι
φαίηνI would sayφημί · present active optative, 1st singular verbmain verbκεwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleφρένmy heartφρήν · accusative plural neuter nounsubject of ἐκλελαθέσθαιἀτέρπουjoylessἀτερπής · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ὀϊζύοςὀϊζύοςmiseryὀιζύς · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐκλελαθέσθαιἐκλελαθέσθαιhad forgottenἐκλανθάνω · aorist middle infinitiveobject of φαίην - 286
So he spoke; she went to the hall and called to her attendants,
Metre
ὣςἔφαθἣδὲμολοῦσα‖ποτὶμέγαρἀμφιπόλοισι
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφαθ̓ἔφαθhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἣsheὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of κέκλετοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμολοῦσαhaving goneβλώσκω · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to κέκλετοποτὶtoπρός · prepositionprepositionμέγαρhallμέγαρον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ποτὶἀμφιπόλοισιattendantsἀμφίπολος · dative plural feminine adjectiveobject of κέκλετο - 287
and they gathered the elder women throughout the town.
Metre
κέκλετοταὶἄρἀόλλισσαν‖κατὰἄστυγεραιάς
κέκλετοshe calledκέλομαι · aorist indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbταὶtheyὁ · nominative plural feminine pronounsubject of ἀόλλισσανδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἀόλλισσανgatheredἀολλίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκατὰthroughoutκατά · prepositionprepositionἄστυtownἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of κατὰγεραιάςelder womenγεραιός · accusative plural feminine adjectiveobject of ἀόλλισσαν - 288
She herself went down into the fragrant chamber,
Metre
αὐτὴἐςθάλαμον‖κατεβήσετοκηώεντα
αὐτὴherselfαὐτός · nominative singular feminine adjectivesubject of κατεβήσετοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionθάλαμονchamberθάλαμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐςκατεβήσετοwent downκαταβαίνω · aorist indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκηώενταincense-scentedκηώεις · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θάλαμον - 289
where lay her robes, richly patterned works of Sidonian
Metre
ἔνθἔσάνοἱπέπλοι‖παμποίκιλαἔργαγυναικῶν
ἔνθwhereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἔσάνἔσάνlayεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing θάλαμονοἱfor herἕ · dative singular feminine pronounobject of ἔσάνπέπλοιrobesπέπλος · nominative plural masculine nounsubjectπαμποίκιλαrichly patternedπαμποίκιλος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔργαἔργαworksἔργον · accusative plural neuter nounsubjectγυναικῶνof womenγυνή · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies ἔργα - 290
women, whom godlike Paris himself
Metre
Σιδονίωντὰςαὐτὸς‖Ἀλέξανδροςθεοειδὴς
ΣιδονίωνSidonianΣιδόνιος · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies γυναικῶντὰςwhomὁ · accusative plural feminine pronounobject of ἤγαγεαὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἈλέξανδροςParisἈλέξανδρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἤγαγεθεοειδὴςgodlikeθεοειδής · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀλέξανδρος - 291
had brought from Sidon, sailing the broad sea
Metre
ἤγαγεΣιδονίηθεν‖ἐπιπλὼςεὐρέαπόντον
ἤγαγεbroughtἄγω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describingΣιδονίηθενfrom SidonΣιδονίηθεν · adverbobject of ἤγαγεἐπιπλὼςhaving sailed overἐπιπλέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἤγαγεεὐρέαbroadεὐρύς · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies πόντονπόντονseaπόντος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of , - 292
on the voyage when he brought home noble-born Helen.
Metre
τὴνὁδὸνἣνἙλένην‖περἀνήγαγενεὐπατέρειαν
τὴνtheὁ · accusative singular feminine articlemodifies ὁδὸνὁδὸνvoyageὁδός · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ,ἣνon whichὅς · accusative singular feminine pronounadverbial to ἀνήγαγενἙλένηνHelenἙλένη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀνήγαγενπερindeedπέρ · particlesentence particleἀνήγαγενbrought homeἀνάγω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ὁδὸνεὐπατέρειανnoble-bornεὐπατέρεια · accusative singular feminine nounmodifies Ἑλένην - 293
Lifting one of these, Hecuba carried it as a gift to Athena,
Metre
τῶνἕνἀειραμένη‖ἙκάβηφέρεδῶρονἈθήνῃ
τῶνof theseὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies ἕν̓ἕνoneεἷς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of φέρεἀειραμένηhaving liftedἀείρω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to φέρεἙκάβηHecubaἙκάβη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of φέρεφέρεcarriedφέρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδῶρονas a giftδῶρον · accusative singular neuter nouncircumstantial complementἈθήνῃto Athena̓ἀθήνη · dative singular feminine nounobject of φέρε - 294
the loveliest in its needlework and the largest;
Metre
ὃςκάλλιστοςἔην‖ποικίλμασινἠδὲμέγιστος
ὃςwhichὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δ̓κάλλιστοςloveliestκαλός · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἔηνwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓ποικίλμασινin needleworkποίκιλμα · dative plural neuter nounmodifies κάλλιστοςἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordμέγιστοςlargestμέγας · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 295
it shone like a star and lay beneath all the others.
Metre
ἀστὴρὣςἀπέλαμπεν‖ἔκειτοδὲνείατοςἄλλων
ἀστὴρstarἀστήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὣςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialἀπέλαμπενshoneἀπολάμπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓ἔκειτοlayκεῖμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordνείατοςlowestνέατος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἄλλωνothersἄλλος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies νείατος - 296
She set out, and many elder women hastened after her.
Metre
βῆἰέναιπολλαὶ‖δὲμετεσσεύοντογεραιαί
βῆshe set outβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἰέναιto goεἶμι · present active infinitiveobject of βῆπολλαὶmanyπολύς · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies γεραιαίδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμετεσσεύοντοhastened afterμετασσεύομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbγεραιαίelder womenγεραιός · nominative plural feminine adjectivesubject of μετεσσεύοντο - 297
When they reached Athena's temple on the city's height,
Metre
αἱὅτενηὸνἵκανον‖Ἀθήνηςἐνπόλειἄκρῃ
αἱtheyὅς · nominative plural feminine pronounsubject of ἵκανονδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionνηὸνtempleναός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἵκανονἵκανονreachedἱκάνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὅτεἈθήνηςAthena'sἈθήνη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies νηὸνἐνonἐν · prepositionprepositionπόλειcityπόλις · dative singular feminine nounmodifies ἐνἄκρῃheightἄκρος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies πόλει - 298
fair-cheeked Theano opened the doors for them,
τῇσιfor themὁ · dative plural feminine pronounobject of ὤϊξεθύραςdoorsθύρα · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ὤϊξεὤϊξεopenedοἴγω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΘεανὼTheanoΘεανώ · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectκαλλιπάρῃοςfair-cheekedκαλλιπάρηος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Θεανὼ - 299
daughter of Cisseus and wife of Antenor, tamer of horses;
Κισσηῒςdaughter of CisseusΚισσηΐς · nominative singular feminine adjectivesubjectἄλοχοςwifeἄλοχος · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectἈντήνοροςof AntenorἈντήνωρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἄλοχοςἱπποδάμοιοhorse-tamingἱππόδαμος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀντήνορος - 300
for the Trojans had made her Athena's priestess.
Metre
τὴνγὰρΤρῶεςἔθηκαν‖Ἀθηναίηςἱέρειαν
τὴνherὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ἔθηκανγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleΤρῶεςthe TrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἔθηκανἔθηκανmadeτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἈθηναίηςAthena'sἈθήνη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἱέρειανἱέρειανpriestessἱέρεια · accusative singular feminine nouncomplement of ἔθηκαν - 301
All the women raised their hands to Athena with a ritual cry.
Metre
αἳὀλολυγῇπᾶσαι‖Ἀθήνῃχεῖραςἀνέσχον
αἳtheyὅς · nominative plural feminine pronounsubject of ἀνέσχονδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὀλολυγῇwith a ritual cryὀλολυγή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀνέσχονπᾶσαιallπᾶς · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies αἳἈθήνῃto AthenaἈθήνη · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἀνέσχονχεῖραςhandsχείρ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἀνέσχονἀνέσχονraisedἀνέχω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 302
Then fair-cheeked Theano took the robe
Metre
ἣἄραπέπλονἑλοῦσα‖Θεανὼκαλλιπάρῃος
ἣsheὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubjectδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleπέπλονrobeπέπλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of θῆκενἑλοῦσαtookαἱρέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to θῆκενΘεανὼTheanoΘεανώ · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectκαλλιπάρῃοςfair-cheekedκαλλιπάρηος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Θεανὼ - 303
and laid it across lovely-haired Athena's knees,
Metre
θῆκενἈθηναίης‖ἐπὶγούνασινἠϋκόμοιο
θῆκενlaidτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈθηναίηςAthena'sἈθήνη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies γούνασινἐπὶacrossἐπί · prepositionprepositionγούνασινkneesγόνυ · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἐπὶἠϋκόμοιοlovely-hairedεὔκομος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἀθηναίης - 304
and praying, she invoked the daughter of great Zeus:
Metre
εὐχομένηἠρᾶτο‖Διὸςκούρῃμεγάλοιο
εὐχομένηprayingεὔχομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἠρᾶτοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἠρᾶτοinvokedἀράομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κούρῃκούρῃdaughterκόρη · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἠρᾶτομεγάλοιοgreatμέγας · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Διὸς - 305
"Lady Athena, defender of cities, shining among goddesses,
Metre
πότνιἈθηναίη‖ἐρυσίπτολιδῖαθεάων
πότνιLadyπότνια · vocative plural feminine nounmodifies ἈθηναίηἈθηναίηAthenaἈθήνη · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided headἐρυσίπτολιdefender of citiesἐρυσίπτολις · vocative singular nounmodifies Ἀθηναίηδῖαradiantδῖος · vocative singular feminine adjectivegoverned by an elided headθεάωνof the goddessesθεά · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies δῖα - 306
break now the spear of Diomedes, and grant that he
Metre
ἆξονδὴἔγχος‖Διομήδεοςἠδὲκαὶαὐτὸν
ἆξονbreakἄγνυμι · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbδὴnowδή · particlesentence particleἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἆξονΔιομήδεοςof DiomedesΔιομήδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἔγχοςἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleαὐτὸνhimαὐτός · accusative singular masculine adjectivesubject of πεσέειν - 307
fall face-down before the Scaean gates,
Metre
πρηνέαδὸςπεσέειν‖Σκαιῶνπροπάροιθεπυλάων
πρηνέαlying face downπρηνής · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδὸςgrantδίδωμι · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbπεσέεινto fallπίπτω · aorist active infinitiveobject of δὸςΣκαιῶνScaeanΣκαιαί · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies πυλάωνπροπάροιθεbeforeπροπάροιθε · prepositionprepositionπυλάωνgatesπύλη · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to προπάροιθε - 308
so that at once we may sacrifice twelve cattle in your temple,
Metre
ὄφράτοιαὐτίκανῦν‖δυοκαίδεκαβοῦςἐνὶνηῷ
ὄφράso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτοιfor youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of ἱερεύσομεναὐτίκαat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to ἱερεύσομεννῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἱερεύσομενδυοκαίδεκαtwelveδυοκαίδεκα · numeralmodifies βοῦςβοῦςcattleβοῦς · nominative plural feminine nounobject of ἱερεύσομενἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionνηῷyour templeναός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνὶ - 309
yearling heifers, unbroken to the goad, if you will pity
Metre
ἤνιςἠκέστας‖ἱερεύσομεναἴἐλεήσῃς
ἤνιςyearling heifersἦνις · accusative plural feminine nounpredicate nounἠκέσταςunbrokenἤκεστος · accusative plural feminine adjectivesubjectἱερεύσομενwe will sacrificeἱερεύω · future active indicative, 1st plural verbadverbial to ὄφράαἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleἐλεήσῃςyou may pityἐλεέω · aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to αἴ - 310
the town and the Trojan wives and helpless children."
Metre
ἄστύτεκαὶΤρώων‖ἀλόχουςκαὶνήπιατέκνα
ἄστύtownἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΤρώωνTrojanτρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies καὶἀλόχουςwivesἄλοχος · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνήπιαhelplessνήπιος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τέκνατέκναchildrenτέκνον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶ - 311
So she spoke in prayer, but Pallas Athena nodded refusal.
Metre
ὣςἔφατεὐχομένη‖ἀνένευεδὲΠαλλὰςἈθήνη
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατshe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbεὐχομένηprayingεὔχομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἀνένευεnodded refusalἀνανεύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordΠαλλὰςPallasΠαλλάς · nominative singular feminine nounmodifies ἈθήνηἈθήνηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἀνένευε - 312
So the women prayed to the daughter of great Zeus,
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εὔχοντοαἳtheyὁ · nominative plural feminine pronounsubject of εὔχοντομένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleεὔχοντοprayedεὔχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κούρῃκούρῃto the daughterκόρη · dative singular feminine nounobject of εὔχοντομεγάλοιοgreatμέγας · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Διὸς - 313
while Hector had gone to Paris' house,
Metre
Ἕκτωρδὲπρὸςδώματ‖Ἀλεξάνδροιοβεβήκει
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of βεβήκειδὲwhileδέ · particlecoordinating wordπρὸςtoπρός · prepositionprepositionδώματhouseδῶμα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of πρὸςἈλεξάνδροιοParis'sἈλέξανδρος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies δώματ̓βεβήκειhad goneβαίνω · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 314
a fine house he had built himself with the men who then
Metre
καλάτάαὐτὸςἔτευξε‖σὺνἀνδράσινοἳτότἄριστοι
καλάfineκαλός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δώματ̓τάwhichὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of ἔτευξεῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleαὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔτευξεbuiltτεύχω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δώματ̓σὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionἀνδράσινmenἀνήρ · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to σὺνοἳwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἦσαντότthenτότε · adverbadverbial to ἦσανἄριστοιfinestἄριστος · nominative plural masculine superlative adjectivemodifies ἄνδρες - 315
were the finest builders in fertile Troy.
Metre
ἦσανἐνὶΤροίῃ‖ἐριβώλακιτέκτονεςἄνδρες
ἦσανwereεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἀνδράσινἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionΤροίῃTroyΤροία · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνὶἐριβώλακιdeep-soiledἐριβῶλαξ · dative singular feminine nounmodifies Τροίῃτέκτονεςbuildersτέκτων · nominative plural masculine nounmodifies ἄνδρεςἄνδρεςmenἀνήρ · nominative plural masculine nounpredicate noun - 316
They made him a chamber, hall, and courtyard
Metre
οἵοἱἐποίησαν‖θάλαμονκαὶδῶμακαὶαὐλὴν
οἵtheyὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐποίησανοἱfor himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἐποίησανἐποίησανmadeποιέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἀνδράσινθάλαμονchamberθάλαμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleδῶμαhallδῶμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordαὐλὴνcourtyardαὐλή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶ - 317
near Priam's and Hector's, on the city's height.
Metre
ἐγγύθιτεΠριάμοιο‖καὶἝκτοροςἐνπόλειἄκρῃ
ἐγγύθιnearbyἐγγύθι · prepositionprepositionτεandτε · particlesentence particleΠριάμοιοPriam'sΠρίαμος · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἝκτοροςHector'sἝκτωρ · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to καὶἐνonἐν · prepositionprepositionπόλειcity'sπόλις · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνἄκρῃheightἄκρος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies πόλει - 318
There Hector, dear to Zeus, entered, and in his hand
ἔνθthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to εἰσῆλθεἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εἰσῆλθεεἰσῆλθεenteredεἰσέρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΔιῒto ZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to φίλοςφίλοςdearφίλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτωρἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleχειρὶhis handχείρ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐν - 319
he held an eleven-cubit spear; before its shaft gleamed
Metre
ἔγχοςἔχἑνδεκάπηχυ‖πάροιθεδὲλάμπετοδουρὸς
ἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔχ̓ἔχheldἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἑνδεκάπηχυeleven cubits longἑνδεκάπηχυς · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςπάροιθεbeforeπάροιθε · adverbadverbial to λάμπετοδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleλάμπετοshoneλάμπω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδουρὸςshaftδόρυ · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies αἰχμὴ - 320
the bronze point, and a golden collar ran around it.
Metre
αἰχμὴχαλκείη‖περὶδὲχρύσεοςθέεπόρκης
αἰχμὴpointαἰχμή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of λάμπετοχαλκείηbronzeχάλκειος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies αἰχμὴπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχρύσεοςgoldenχρύσεος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πόρκηςθέεranθέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπόρκηςspear ringπόρκης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of θέε - 321
He found Paris in his chamber tending his splendid armor,
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of εὗῤδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordεὗρfoundεὑρίσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionθαλάμῳchamberθάλαμος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνπερικαλλέαsplendidπερικαλλής · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχἐτεύχεarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobjectἕπονταtendingἕπω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 322
his shield and corselet, and handling his curved bow.
Metre
ἀσπίδακαὶθώρηκα‖καὶἀγκύλατόξἁφόωντα
ἀσπίδαshieldἀσπίς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordθώρηκαcorseletθώραξ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀγκύλαcurvedἀγκύλος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τόξ̓τόξbowτόξον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἁφόωνταἁφόωνταhandlingἁφάω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 323
Argive Helen sat among her serving women,
Metre
ἈργείηἙλένη‖μετἄραδμῳῇσιγυναιξὶν
ἈργείηArgiveἈργεῖος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἑλένηδandδέ · particlesentence particleἙλένηHelenἙλένη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἧστομετamongμετά · prepositionprepositionἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleδμῳῇσιservingδμωή · dative plural feminine nounmodifies γυναιξὶνγυναιξὶνwomenγυνή · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to μετ̓ - 324
directing her handmaids in their splendid work.
Metre
ἧστοκαὶἀμφιπόλοισι‖περικλυτὰἔργακέλευε
ἧστοsatἧμαι · pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀμφιπόλοισιhandmaidsἀμφίπολος · dative plural feminine adjectiveobject of κέλευεπερικλυτὰfar-famedπερικλυτός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔργαἔργαworkἔργον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of κέλευεκέλευεdirectedκελεύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 325
Seeing Paris, Hector rebuked him with shameful words:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of νείκεσσενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of νείκεσσεννείκεσσενrebukedνεικέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἰδὼνseeingεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to νείκεσσεναἰσχροῖςshamefulαἰσχρός · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἐπέεσσιἐπέεσσιwordsἔπος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to νείκεσσεν - 326
"Strange one, it is not right to store this anger in your heart.
Metre
δαιμόνιοὐμὲνκαλὰ‖χόλοντόνδἔνθεοθυμῷ
δαιμόνιstrange oneδαιμόνιος · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκαλὰrightκαλός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἔνθεοχόλονangerχόλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔνθεοτόνδthisὅδε · accusative singular masculine pronounmodifies χόλονἔνθεοstore upἐντίθημι · aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbθυμῷheartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἔνθεο - 327
The people waste away, fighting around the town
Metre
λαοὶμὲνφθινύθουσι‖περὶπτόλιναἰπύτετεῖχος
λαοὶpeopleλαός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of φθινύθουσιμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleφθινύθουσιwaste awayφθινύθω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionπτόλινtownπόλις · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to τεαἰπύsteepαἰπύς · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τεῖχοςτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordτεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to τε - 328
and its steep wall; because of you the battle-cry and war
Metre
μαρνάμενοισέοεἵνεκ‖ἀϋτήτεπτόλεμόςτε
μαρνάμενοιfightingμάρναμαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to φθινύθουσισέοyouσύ · genitive singular masculine pronounadverbial to εἵνεκ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordεἵνεκbecause ofἕνεκα · prepositionprepositionἀϋτήthe battle-cryἀυτή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleπτόλεμόςwarπόλεμος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 329
blaze around this city. You yourself would quarrel with another
Metre
ἄστυτόδἀμφιδέδηε‖σὺἂνμαχέσαιοκαὶἄλλῳ
ἄστυcityἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀμφιδέδηετόδthisὅδε · accusative singular neuter pronounmodifies ἄστυἀμφιδέδηεblazes aroundἀμφιδαίω · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbσὺyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of μαχέσαιοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἂνwouldἄν · particlesentence particleμαχέσαιοquarrelμάχομαι · aorist middle optative, 2nd singular verbmain verbκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἄλλῳwith anotherἄλλος · dative singular masculine adjectiveobject of μαχέσαιο - 330
if you saw him anywhere holding back from hateful war.
Metre
ὅντινάπουμεθιέντα‖ἴδοιςστυγεροῦπολέμοιο
ὅνwhomὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἴδοιςτινάanyoneτις · accusative singular masculine pronounemphasizing particleπουanywhereπού · adverbsentence particleμεθιένταholding backμεθίημι · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἴδοιςif you sawεἶδον · aorist active optative, 2nd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἄλλῳστυγεροῦhatefulστυγερός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies πολέμοιοπολέμοιοfrom warπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of μεθιέντα - 331
Up, before the city is soon kindled by enemy fire."
Metre
ἀλλἄναμὴτάχαἄστυ‖πυρὸςδηΐοιοθέρηται
ἀλλcomeἀλλά · conjunctionsentence particleἄναupἀνά · adverbmain verbμὴlestμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτάχαsoonτάχα · adverbadverbial to θέρηταιἄστυcityἄστυ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of θέρηταιπυρὸςby fireπῦρ · genitive singular neuter nounobject of θέρηταιδηΐοιοenemyδάιος · genitive singular neuter adjectivemodifies πυρὸςθέρηταιbe kindledθέρω · present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to μὴ - 332
Then godlike Paris answered him:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέειπενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτεin turnαὖτε · adverbadverbial to προσέειπενπροσέειπενansweredπροσεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈλέξανδροςParisἈλέξανδρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέειπενθεοειδήςgodlikeθεοειδής · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀλέξανδρος - 333
"Hector, since you have rebuked me justly, and not beyond what is just —
Metre
Ἕκτορἐπείμεκαταἶσαν‖ἐνείκεσαςοὐδὑπὲραἶσαν
ἝκτορHectorἝκτωρ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἐπείsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐνείκεσαςκατaccording to justiceκατά · prepositionprepositionαἶσανwhat is justαἶσα · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to κατ̓ἐνείκεσαςyou rebukedνεικέω · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to δ̓ὑπὲρbeyondὑπέρ · prepositionprepositionαἶσανwhat is justαἶσα · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ὑπὲρ - 334
therefore I will tell you; pay heed and hear me.
Metre
τοὔνεκάτοιἐρέω‖σὺδὲσύνθεοκαίμευἄκουσον
τοὔνεκάthereforeτοὔνεκα · adverbadverbial to ἐρέωτοιyouσύ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐρέωἐρέωI will tellἐρῶ · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbσὺyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of σύνθεοδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleσύνθεοheedσυντίθημι · aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμευmeἐγώ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of ἄκουσονἄκουσονhearἀκούω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 335
I was not sitting in my chamber so much from anger
Metre
οὔτοιἐγὼΤρώων‖τόσσονχόλῳοὐδὲνεμέσσι
οὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτοιindeedτοι · particlesentence particleἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἥμηνΤρώωνat the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies χόλῳτόσσονso muchτόσος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἥμηνχόλῳfrom angerχόλος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to δὲνεμέσσιindignationνέμεσις · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to δὲ - 336
or indignation against the Trojans; I wished to yield to grief.
ἥμηνI satἧμαι · pluperfect middle indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionθαλάμῳchamberθάλαμος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνἔθελονI wishedἐθέλω · imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄχεϊgriefἄχος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to προτραπέσθαιπροτραπέσθαιto yieldπροτρέπω · aorist middle infinitiveobject of ἔθελον - 337
But now my wife has coaxed me with gentle words
Metre
νῦνδέμεπαρειποῦσ‖ἄλοχοςμαλακοῖςἐπέεσσιν
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ὅρμησ̓δέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ὅρμησ̓παρειποῦσpersuadingπαρεῖπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ὅρμησ̓ἄλοχοςwifeἄλοχος · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ὅρμησ̓μαλακοῖςgentleμαλακός · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἐπέεσσινἐπέεσσινwith wordsἔπος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ὅρμησ̓ - 338
and roused me to battle; and this seems better to me as well,
Metre
ὅρμησἐςπόλεμον‖δοκέειδέμοιὧδεκαὶαὐτῷ
ὅρμησroused meὁρμάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionπόλεμονbattleπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐςδοκέειseemsδοκέω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of δοκέειὧδεthusὧδε · adverbadverbial to ἔσσεσθαικαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleαὐτῷmyselfαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveemphasizing particle - 339
for victory passes back and forth between men.
Metre
λώϊονἔσσεσθαι‖νίκηἐπαμείβεταιἄνδρας
λώϊονbetterλωίων · nominative singular neuter comparative adjectivepredicate nounἔσσεσθαιto beεἰμί · future middle infinitivesubject of δοκέεινίκηvictoryνίκη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐπαμείβεταιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπαμείβεταιshiftsἐπαμείβω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄνδραςamong menἀνήρ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐπαμείβεται - 340
But come, wait now while I put on my war gear;
Metre
ἀλλἄγενῦνἐπίμεινον‖Ἀρήϊατεύχεαδύω
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἄγεcomeἄγε · adverbsentence particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἐπίμεινονἐπίμεινονwaitἐπιμένω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἈρήϊαwarlikeἄρειος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχεατεύχεαarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of δύωδύωI put onδύω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 341
or go, and I will follow; I think I shall overtake you."
Metre
ἢἴθἐγὼδὲμέτειμι‖κιχήσεσθαιδέὀΐω
ἢorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleἴθgoεἶμι · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of μέτειμιδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμέτειμιwill followμέτειμι · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbκιχήσεσθαιshall overtakeκιχάνω · future middle infinitiveobject of ὀΐωδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσyouσύ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of κιχήσεσθαιὀΐωI thinkοἴομαι · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 342
So he spoke, but Hector of the flashing helm gave him no answer.
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάτοφάτοhe spokeφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιanythingτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηansweredπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκορυθαίολοςflashing-helmedκορυθαίολος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 343
But Helen addressed him with gentle words:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσηύδαδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἙλένηHelenἙλένη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of προσηύδαμύθοισιwordsμῦθος · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to προσηύδαπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμειλιχίοισιgentleμειλίχιος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies μύθοισι - 344
"Brother-in-law of a hateful, scheming bitch like me,
Metre
δᾶερἐμεῖοκυνὸς‖κακομηχάνουὀκρυοέσσης
δᾶερhusband's brotherδαήρ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἐμεῖοof meἐγώ · genitive singular feminine pronounmodifiesκυνὸςbitchκύων · genitive singular feminine nounmodifiesκακομηχάνουevil-schemingκακομήχανος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies κυνὸςὀκρυοέσσηςchillingὀκρυόεις · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies κυνὸς - 345
would that, on the day when my mother first bore me,
Metre
ὥςὄφελἤματιτῷ‖ὅτεμεπρῶτοντέκεμήτηρ
ὥςwould thatὡς · interjectionsentence particleμmeἐγώ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of προφέρουσαὄφελshould haveὀφείλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἤματιdayἦμαρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ὄφελ̓τῷthatὁ · dative singular neuter pronounmodifies ἤματιὅτεwhenὅτε · adverbadverbial to τέκεμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of τέκεπρῶτονfirstπρότερος · accusative singular neuter superlative adjectiveadverbial to τέκετέκεboreτίκτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τῷμήτηρmotherμήτηρ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τέκε - 346
an evil tempest of wind had swept me away
Metre
οἴχεσθαιπροφέρουσα‖κακὴἀνέμοιοθύελλα
οἴχεσθαιto be swept awayοἴχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ὄφελ̓προφέρουσαcarrying me onwardπροφέρω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to οἴχεσθαικακὴevilκακός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies θύελλαἀνέμοιοwindἄνεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θύελλαθύελλαtempestθύελλα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ὄφελ̓ - 347
to a mountain or into the wave of the loud-roaring sea,
Metre
εἰςὄροςἢεἰςκῦμα‖πολυφλοίσβοιοθαλάσσης
εἰςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionὄροςa mountainὄρος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of εἰςἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordεἰςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionκῦμαa waveκῦμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of εἰςπολυφλοίσβοιοloud-roaringπολύφλοισβος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies θαλάσσηςθαλάσσηςof the seaθάλασσα · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies κῦμα - 348
where the wave might have carried me off before these deeds came to pass.
Metre
ἔνθάμεκῦμἀπόερσε‖πάροςτάδεἔργαγενέσθαι
ἔνθάwhereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἀπόερσεμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ἀπόερσεκῦμthe waveκῦμα · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἀπόερσεἀπόερσεmight have carriedἀπόερσε · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing θαλάσσηςπάροςbeforeπάρος · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτάδεtheseὅδε · accusative plural neuter pronounmodifies ἔργαἔργαdeedsἔργον · accusative plural neuter nounsubject of γενέσθαιγενέσθαιto come to passγίγνομαι · aorist middle infinitiveadverbial to πάρος - 349
But since the gods have thus ordained these evils,
Metre
αὐτὰρἐπεὶτάδεὧδε‖θεοὶκακὰτεκμήραντο
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτάδεtheseὅδε · accusative plural neuter pronounmodifies κακὰγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleὧδεthusὧδε · adverbadverbial to τεκμήραντοθεοὶgodsθεός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τεκμήραντοκακὰevilsκακός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of τεκμήραντοτεκμήραντοdecreedτεκμαίρομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἐπεὶ - 350
I should at least have been the wife of a better man,
Metre
ἀνδρὸςἔπειτὤφελλον‖ἀμείνονοςεἶναιἄκοιτις
ἀνδρὸςman'sἀνήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἄκοιτιςἔπειτthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ὤφελλονὤφελλονI should haveὀφέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἀμείνονοςbetterἀμείνων · genitive singular comparative adjectivemodifies ἀνδρὸςεἶναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of ὤφελλονἄκοιτιςwifeἄκοιτις · nominative singular feminine nounpredicate noun - 351
one who knew men's righteous anger and their many reproaches.
ὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ᾔδηᾔδηknewοἶδα · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἀνδρὸςνέμεσίνrighteous angerνέμεσις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordαἴσχεαreproachesαἶσχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶπόλλmanyπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies αἴσχεαἀνθρώπωνof menἄνθρωπος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καὶ - 352
But this man's mind is not steadfast now, nor will it be
Metre
τούτῳοὔτἂρνῦν‖φρένεςἔμπεδοιοὔτἄρὀπίσσω
τούτῳthis manοὗτος · dative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἔσσονταιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἂρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to οὔφρένεςmindφρήν · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἔσσονταιἔμπεδοιsteadfastἔμπεδος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounἄρthenἄρα · particleemphasizing particleὀπίσσωhereafterὀπίσω · adverbadverbial - 353
hereafter; and so I think he will reap its fruit.
Metre
ἔσσονταιτὼκαί‖μινἐπαυρήσεσθαιὀΐω
ἔσσονταιwill beεἰμί · future indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbτὼthereforeτῷ · adverbadverbial to ἐπαυρήσεσθαικαίalsoκαί · conjunctionemphasizing particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐπαυρήσεσθαιἐπαυρήσεσθαιwill reapἐπαυρέω · future middle infinitiveobject of ὀΐωὀΐωI thinkοἴομαι · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 354
But come now, enter and sit upon this chair,
Metre
ἀλλἄγενῦνεἴσελθε‖καὶἕζεοτῷδἐπὶδίφρῳ
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἄγεcomeἄγε · adverbsentence particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to καὶεἴσελθεenterεἰσέρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἕζεοsitἕζομαι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbτῷδthisὅδε · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies δίφρῳἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionδίφρῳchairδίφρος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπὶ - 355
brother-in-law, since toil has closed around your heart most of all
Metre
δᾶερἐπείσεμάλιστα‖πόνοςφρέναςἀμφιβέβηκεν
δᾶερhusband's brotherδαήρ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἐπείsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionσεyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of ἀμφιβέβηκενμάλισταabove allμάλιστα · adverbemphasizing particleπόνοςtoilπόνος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀμφιβέβηκενφρέναςheartφρήν · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἀμφιβέβηκενἀμφιβέβηκενsurroundsἀμφιβαίνω · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἐπεί - 356
because of me, the bitch, and because of Paris's blindness,
Metre
εἵνεκἐμεῖοκυνὸς‖καὶἈλεξάνδρουἕνεκἄτης
εἵνεκbecause ofἕνεκα · prepositionprepositionἐμεῖοmeἐγώ · genitive singular feminine pronounadverbialκυνὸςthe bitchκύων · genitive singular feminine nounadverbialκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἈλεξάνδρουof ParisἈλέξανδρος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἄτηςἕνεκbecause ofἕνεκα · prepositionprepositionἄτηςblindnessἄτη · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἕνεκ̓ - 357
on whom Zeus has laid an evil doom, so that hereafter
Metre
οἷσινἐπὶΖεὺςθῆκε‖κακὸνμόρονὡςκαὶὀπίσσω
οἷσινwhomὅς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of θῆκεἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of θῆκεθῆκεlaidτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶκακὸνevilκακός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies μόρονμόρονdoomμόρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of θῆκεὡςso thatὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκαὶandκαί · adverbemphasizing particleὀπίσσωhereafterὀπίσω · adverbadverbial to πελώμεθ̓ - 358
we may be subjects of song for generations yet to come."
Metre
ἀνθρώποισιπελώμεθ‖ἀοίδιμοιἐσσομένοισι
ἀνθρώποισιamong menἄνθρωπος · dative plural masculine nounobject of πελώμεθ̓πελώμεθwe may beπέλω · present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to ὡςἀοίδιμοιsubjects of songἀοίδιμος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐσσομένοισιyet to comeεἰμί · future middle participle, dative plural masculinemodifies ἀνθρώποισι - 359
Then great Hector of the flashing helm answered her:
Metre
τὴνἠμείβετἔπειτα‖μέγαςκορυθαίολοςἝκτωρ
τὴνherὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ἠμείβετ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἠμείβετansweredἀμείβω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἠμείβετ̓μέγαςgreatμέγας · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτωρκορυθαίολοςflashing-helmedκορυθαίολος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠμείβετ̓ - 360
"Do not seat me, Helen, though you love me; you will not persuade me.
Metre
μήμεκάθιζἙλένη‖φιλέουσάπεροὐδέμεπείσεις
μήdo notμή · adverbemphasizing particleμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of κάθιζ̓κάθιζseatκαθίζω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbobject of ἠμείβετ̓ἙλένηHelenἙλένη · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided headφιλέουσάthough loving meφιλέω · present active participle, nominative singular femininecircumstantial complementπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of πείσειςπείσειςyou will persuadeπείθω · future active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 361
Already my heart is driving me on to defend
Metre
ἤδηγάρμοιθυμὸς‖ἐπέσσυταιὄφρἐπαμύνω
ἤδηalreadyἤδη · adverbadverbial to ἐπέσσυταιγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleμοιmyἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies θυμὸςθυμὸςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐπέσσυταιἐπέσσυταιdrives me onwardἐπισεύω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὄφρso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἐπαμύνωdefendἐπαμύνω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbobject of ὄφῤ - 362
the Trojans, who greatly long for me while I am away.
Metre
Τρώεσσοἳμέγἐμεῖο‖ποθὴνἀπεόντοςἔχουσιν
Τρώεσσthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐπαμύνωοἳwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἔχουσινμέγgreatlyμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἔχουσινἐμεῖοfor meἐγώ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies ποθὴνποθὴνlongingποθή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔχουσινἀπεόντοςwhile I am awayἄπειμι · present active participle, genitive singular masculinecircumstantial complementἔχουσινfeelἔχω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing Τρώεσσ̓ - 363
But you, rouse this man, and let him hasten on his own,
Metre
ἀλλὰσύὄρνυθιτοῦτον‖ἐπειγέσθωδὲκαὶαὐτός
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleσύyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of ὄρνυθιγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleὄρνυθιrouseὄρνυμι · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbτοῦτονthis manοὗτος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ὄρνυθιἐπειγέσθωlet him hastenἐπείγω · present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαὶandκαί · adverbemphasizing particleαὐτόςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 364
so he may overtake me while I am still within the city.
Metre
ὥςκενἔμἔντοσθεν‖πόλιοςκαταμάρψῃἐόντα
ὥςso thatὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκενmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleἔμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of καταμάρψῃἔντοσθενwithinἔντοσθε · prepositionprepositionπόλιοςcityπόλις · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἔντοσθενκαταμάρψῃovertakeκαταμάρπτω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὥςἐόνταwhile I amεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 365
For I too will go home, so that I may see
Metre
καὶγὰρἐγὼνοἶκον‖δὲἐλεύσομαιὄφραἴδωμαι
καὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐγὼνIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐλεύσομαιοἶκονhomewardοἶκος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐλεύσομαιδὲandδέ · particleemphasizing particleἐλεύσομαιwill goἔρχομαι · future middle indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbὄφραso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἴδωμαιI may seeεἶδον · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to ὄφρα - 366
my household, my dear wife, and my infant son.
Metre
οἰκῆαςἄλοχόν‖τεφίληνκαὶνήπιονυἱόν
οἰκῆαςhouseholdοἰκεύς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶἄλοχόνwifeἄλοχος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleφίληνdearφίλος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἄλοχόνκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνήπιονinfantνήπιος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱόνυἱόνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶ - 367
For I do not know whether I shall return to them again,
Metre
οὐγὰροἶδεἰἔτι‖σφινὑπότροποςἵξομαιαὖτις
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleοἶδknowοἶδα · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbεἰwhetherεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἔτιany longerἔτι · adverbadverbial to ἵξομαισφινto themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἵξομαιὑπότροποςreturningὑπότροπος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἵξομαιI shall returnἱκνέομαι · future middle indicative, 1st singular verbobject of ἦαὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbadverbial to ἵξομαι - 368
or whether the gods will now subdue me beneath Achaean hands."
Metre
ἦἤδηὑπὸχερσὶ‖θεοὶδαμόωσινἈχαιῶν
ἦorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἤδηnowἤδη · adverbadverbial to δαμόωσινμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of δαμόωσινὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionχερσὶhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ὑπὸθεοὶgodsθεός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of δαμόωσινδαμόωσινwill subdueδαμάζω · future active indicative, 3rd plural verbobject of ἦἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies χερσὶ - 369
So he spoke, and Hector of the flashing helm departed;
Metre
ὣςἄραφωνήσας‖ἀπέβηκορυθαίολοςἝκτωρ
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φωνήσαςἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleφωνήσαςhaving spokenφωνέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀπέβηἀπέβηdepartedἀποβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκορυθαίολοςflashing-helmedκορυθαίολος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπέβη - 370
and swiftly then he reached his well-inhabited house,
Metre
αἶψαἔπειθἵκανε‖δόμουςεὖναιετάοντας
αἶψαswiftlyαἶψα · adverbadverbial to ἵκανεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἔπειθthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἵκανεἵκανεreachedἱκάνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδόμουςhouseδόμος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἵκανεεὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to ναιετάονταςναιετάονταςinhabitedναιετάω · present active participle, accusative plural masculinemodifies δόμους - 371
but did not find white-armed Andromache within the halls.
Metre
οὐδεὗρἈνδρομάχην‖λευκώλενονἐνμεγάροισιν
εὗρhe foundεὑρίσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈνδρομάχηνAndromacheἈνδρομάχη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εὗῤλευκώλενονwhite-armedλευκώλενος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἀνδρομάχηνἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionμεγάροισινhallsμέγαρον · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐν - 372
Instead, with her child and a well-robed attendant, she
Metre
ἀλλἥγεξὺνπαιδὶ‖καὶἀμφιπόλῳἐϋπέπλῳ
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbcoordinating wordἥsheὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἐφεστήκειγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleξὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionπαιδὶchildπαῖς · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀμφιπόλῳattendantἀμφίπιλος · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to καὶἐϋπέπλῳfair-robedεὔπεπλος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀμφιπόλῳ - 373
stood upon the tower, wailing and shedding tears.
Metre
πύργῳἐφεστήκει‖γοόωσάτεμυρομένητε
πύργῳon the towerπύργος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐφεστήκειἐφεστήκειstoodἐφίστημι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγοόωσάwailingγοάω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to τετεandτε · particlesentence particleμυρομένηweepingμύρω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 374
When Hector did not find his blameless wife inside,
Metre
Ἕκτωρὡςοὐκἔνδον‖ἀμύμονατέτμενἄκοιτιν
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δὲδandδέ · particlesentence particleὡςwhenὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἔνδονinsideἔνδον · adverbadverbial to τέτμενἀμύμοναblamelessἀμύμων · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἄκοιτιντέτμενfoundτέτμον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὡςἄκοιτινwifeἄκοιτις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of τέτμεν - 375
he went and stood upon the threshold, and said among the maids:
Metre
ἔστηἐποὐδὸνἰών‖μετὰδὲδμῳῇσινἔειπεν
ἔστηstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπatἐπί · prepositionprepositionοὐδὸνthresholdοὐδός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπ̓ἰώνgoingεἶμι · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔστημετὰamongμετά · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδμῳῇσινmaidservantsδμωή · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἔειπενἔειπενsaidεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 376
"Come now, maids, tell me the truth:
Metre
εἰἄγεμοιδμῳαὶ‖νημερτέαμυθήσασθε
εἰnowεἰ · interjectionsentence particleδandδέ · particleemphasizing particleἄγεcomeἄγε · adverbsentence particleμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of μυθήσασθεδμῳαὶmaidservantsδμωή · vocative plural feminine noungoverned by an elided headνημερτέαthe truthνημερτής · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of μυθήσασθεμυθήσασθεtellμυθέομαι · aorist medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verb - 377
where did white-armed Andromache go from the house?
Metre
πῇἔβηἈνδρομάχη‖λευκώλενοςἐκμεγάροιο
πῇwhereπῆ · pronounadverbial to ἔβηἔβηwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈνδρομάχηAndromacheἈνδρομάχη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔβηλευκώλενοςwhite-armedλευκώλενος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἀνδρομάχηἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionμεγάροιοhallμέγαρον · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἐκ - 378
Did she go to my sisters or my brothers' well-robed wives,
Metre
ἠέπῃἐςγαλόων‖ἢεἰνατέρωνἐϋπέπλων
ἠέwhetherἤ · conjunctionsentence particleπῃperhapsπη · particleadverbial to ἐξοίχεταιἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionγαλόωνmy sistersγάλοως · genitive plural masculine nounmodifiesἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordεἰνατέρωνbrothers' wivesεἰνάτερες · genitive plural feminine nounmodifiesἐϋπέπλωνfair-robedεὔπεπλος · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies εἰνατέρων - 379
or has she gone to Athena's temple, where the other
Metre
ἢἐςἈθηναίης‖ἐξοίχεταιἔνθάπερἄλλαι
ἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἈθηναίηςAthena's̓ἀθήνη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifiesἐξοίχεταιhas she goneἐξοίχομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔνθάwhereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἱλάσκονταιπερindeedπέρ · particlesentence particleἄλλαιotherἄλλος · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies Τρῳαὶ - 380
lovely-haired Trojan women seek to appease the dread goddess?"
Metre
Τρῳαὶἐϋπλόκαμοι‖δεινὴνθεὸνἱλάσκονται
ΤρῳαὶTrojan womenΤρωιός · nominative plural feminine adjectivesubject of ἱλάσκονταιἐϋπλόκαμοιlovely-hairedεὐπλόκαμος · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies Τρῳαὶδεινὴνdreadδεινός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies θεὸνθεὸνgoddessθεός · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἱλάσκονταιἱλάσκονταιappeaseἱλάσκομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing - 381
Then the diligent housekeeper answered him:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔειπενδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτin turnαὖτε · adverbsentence particleὀτρηρὴdiligentὀτρηρός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ταμίηταμίηhousekeeperταμία · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔειπενπρὸςin replyπρός · prepositionemphasizing particleμῦθονwordμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔειπενἔειπενspokeεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 382
"Hector, since you strongly command me to tell the truth,
Metre
Ἕκτορἐπεὶμάλἄνωγας‖ἀληθέαμυθήσασθαι
ἝκτορHectorἝκτωρ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμάλstronglyμάλα · adverbadverbial to ἄνωγαςἄνωγαςyou commandἄνωγα · perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶἀληθέαtruthfullyἀληθής · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to μυθήσασθαιμυθήσασθαιto tellμυθέομαι · aorist medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἄνωγας - 383
she did not go to your sisters or your brothers' well-robed wives,
Metre
οὔτέπῃἐςγαλόων‖οὔτεἰνατέρωνἐϋπέπλων
οὔτέneitherοὔτε · adverbsentence particleπῃanywhereπη · particleadverbial to ἐξοίχεταιἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionγαλόωνyour sistersγάλοως · genitive plural masculine nounmodifiesεἰνατέρωνsisters-in-lawεἰνάτερες · genitive plural feminine nounmodifiesἐϋπέπλωνfair-robedεὔπεπλος · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies εἰνατέρων - 384
nor has she gone to Athena's temple, where the other
Metre
οὔτἐςἈθηναίης‖ἐξοίχεταιἔνθάπερἄλλαι
ἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἈθηναίηςAthena'sἈθήνη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifiesἐξοίχεταιhas she goneἐξοίχομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔνθάwhereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἱλάσκονταιπερindeedπέρ · particlesentence particleἄλλαιotherἄλλος · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies Τρῳαὶ - 385
lovely-haired Trojan women seek to appease the dread goddess.
Metre
Τρῳαὶἐϋπλόκαμοι‖δεινὴνθεὸνἱλάσκονται
ΤρῳαὶTrojan womenΤρωιός · nominative plural feminine adjectivesubject of ἱλάσκονταιἐϋπλόκαμοιlovely-hairedεὐπλόκαμος · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies Τρῳαὶδεινὴνdreadδεινός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies θεὸνθεὸνgoddessθεός · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἱλάσκονταιἱλάσκονταιseek favorἱλάσκομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing - 386
She went instead to the high tower of Ilion, because she heard
Metre
ἀλλἐπὶπύργονἔβη‖μέγανἸλίουοὕνεκἄκουσε
ἀλλinsteadἀλλά · adverbcoordinating wordἐπὶtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionπύργονtowerπύργος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπὶἔβηwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμέγανgreatμέγας · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πύργονἸλίουof IlionἼλιος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies πύργονοὕνεκbecauseοὕνεκα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἄκουσεshe heardἀκούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to οὕνεκ̓ - 387
the Trojans were being pressed and the Achaeans held great power.
Metre
τείρεσθαιΤρῶας‖μέγαδὲκράτοςεἶναιἈχαιῶν
τείρεσθαιwere hard-pressedτείρω · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of δὲΤρῶαςthe TrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounsubject of τείρεσθαιμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκράτοςpowerκράτος · accusative singular neuter nounsubject of εἶναιεἶναιbelonged toεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of δὲἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies κράτος - 388
She has reached the wall by now, hurrying there
Metre
ἣμὲνδὴπρὸςτεῖχος‖ἐπειγομένηἀφικάνει
ἣsheὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἀφικάνειμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleδὴnowδή · particlesentence particleπρὸςtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionτεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of πρὸςἐπειγομένηhurryingἐπείγω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἀφικάνειἀφικάνειhas reachedἀφικάνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 389
like a woman possessed; and the nurse carries the child with her."
Metre
μαινομένῃἐϊκυῖα‖φέρειἅμαπαῖδατιθήνη
μαινομένῃa possessed womanμαίνομαι · present medio-passive participle, dative singular feminineobject of ἐϊκυῖαἐϊκυῖαresemblingεἰκός · perfect active participle, nominative singular femininecircumstantial complementφέρειcarriesφέρω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἅμαwith herἅμα · adverbadverbial to φέρειπαῖδαchildπαῖς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of φέρειτιθήνηnurseτιθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of φέρει - 390
So the housekeeper spoke, and Hector rushed from the house
Metre
ἦῥαγυνὴταμίη‖ὃἀπέσσυτοδώματοςἝκτωρ
ἦspokeἠμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleγυνὴthe womanγυνή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἦταμίηhousekeeperταμία · nominative singular feminine nounmodifies γυνὴὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπέσσυτοrushedἀποσεύω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδώματοςfrom the houseδῶμα · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἀπέσσυτοἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 391
back by the same road, down the well-built streets.
Metre
τὴναὐτὴνὁδὸναὖτις‖ἐϋκτιμέναςκατἀγυιάς
τὴνtheὁ · accusative singular feminine articlemodifies ὁδὸναὐτὴνsameαὐτός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ὁδὸνὁδὸνroadὁδός · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀπέσσυτοαὖτιςbackαὖθις · adverbadverbial to ἀπέσσυτοἐϋκτιμέναςwell-builtἐυκτίμενος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἀγυιάςκατdownκατά · prepositionprepositionἀγυιάςstreetsἀγυιά · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to κατ̓ - 392
When he had crossed the great city and reached the gates,
Metre
εὖτεπύλαςἵκανε‖διερχόμενοςμέγαἄστυ
εὖτεwhenεὖτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπύλαςgatesπύλη · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἵκανεἵκανεreachedἱκάνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εὖτεδιερχόμενοςcrossingδιέρχομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἵκανεμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἄστυἄστυcityἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἵκανε - 393
the Scaean gates, through which he was to pass out to the plain,
Metre
Σκαιάςτῇἄρἔμελλε‖διεξίμεναιπεδίονδέ
ΣκαιάςScaeanΣκαιαί · accusative plural feminine nounmodifies πύλαςτῇthrough whichὁ · dative singular feminine pronounobject of ἔμελλεἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔμελλεwas destinedμέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing πύλαςδιεξίμεναιto pass outδιέξειμι · present active infinitiveobject of ἔμελλεπεδίονplainπεδίον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of διεξίμεναιδέto the plainδέ · particleemphasizing particle - 394
there his richly-dowered wife came running to meet him,
Metre
ἔνθἄλοχοςπολύδωρος‖ἐναντίηἦλθεθέουσα
ἔνθthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἦλθεἄλοχοςwifeἄλοχος · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectπολύδωροςrichly doweredπολύδωρος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἄλοχοςἐναντίηto meet himἐναντίος · nominative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementἦλθεcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθέουσαrunningθέω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἦλθε - 395
Andromache, daughter of great-hearted Eetion.
Metre
Ἀνδρομάχηθυγάτηρ‖μεγαλήτοροςἨετίωνος
ἈνδρομάχηAndromache̓ἀνδρομάχη · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectθυγάτηρdaughterθυγάτηρ · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectμεγαλήτοροςgreat-heartedμεγαλήτωρ · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἨετίωνοςἨετίωνοςof EetionἨετίων · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θυγάτηρ - 396
Eetion lived beneath wooded Mount Placus,
ἨετίωνEetionἨετίων · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἠετίωνοςὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔναιενἔναιενlivedναίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἠετίωνὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionΠλάκῳMount PlacusΠλάκος · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ὑπὸὑληέσσῃwoodedὑλήεις · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Πλάκῳ - 397
in Hypoplacian Thebe, ruling over the Cilician men;
Metre
ΘήβῃὙποπλακίῃ‖Κιλίκεσσἄνδρεσσινἀνάσσων
Θήβῃin ThebeΘήβη · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἔναιενὙποπλακίῃHypoplacianὑποπλάκιος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ΘήβῃΚιλίκεσσCilicianΚίλιξ · dative plural masculine nounmodifies ἄνδρεσσινἄνδρεσσινmenἀνήρ · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀνάσσωνἀνάσσωνrulingἀνάσσω · present active participle, nominative singular masculinemodifies ἔναιεν - 398
his daughter, then, was wedded to bronze-helmed Hector.
Metre
τοῦπερδὴθυγάτηρ‖ἔχεθἝκτοριχαλκοκορυστῇ
τοῦhisὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies θυγάτηρπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleδὴnowδή · particlesentence particleθυγάτηρdaughterθυγάτηρ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔχεθ̓ἔχεθwas weddedἔχω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἝκτοριto HectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἔχεθ̓χαλκοκορυστῇbronze-helmedχαλκοκορυστής · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτορι - 399
She now met him, and with her came the attendant,
Metre
ἥοἱἔπειτἤντησ‖ἅμαἀμφίπολοςκίεναὐτῇ
ἥsheὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἤντησ̓οἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἤντησ̓ἔπειτthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἤντησ̓ἤντησmetἀντάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἅμαtogetherἅμα · adverbadverbial to κίενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀμφίπολοςattendantἀμφίπολος · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of κίενκίενcameκίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαὐτῇwith herαὐτός · dative singular feminine adjectiveobject of κίεν - 400
holding at her breast the tender-hearted child, a mere infant,
Metre
παῖδἐπὶκόλπῳἔχουσ‖ἀταλάφρονανήπιοναὔτως
παῖδchildπαῖς · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἐπὶatἐπί · prepositionprepositionκόλπῳher breastκόλπος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπὶἔχουσholdingἔχω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to κίενἀταλάφροναtender-heartedἀταλάφρων · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies παῖδ̓νήπιονinfantνήπιος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies παῖδ̓αὔτωςsimplyαὔτως · adverbmodifies νήπιον - 401
Hector's beloved son, like a lovely star.
Metre
Ἑκτορίδηνἀγαπητὸν‖ἀλίγκιονἀστέρικαλῷ
Ἑκτορίδηνson of Hectorʽἑκτορίδης · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἀγαπητὸνbelovedἀγαπητός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies παῖδ̓ἀλίγκιονlikeἀλίγκιος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies παῖδ̓ἀστέριstarἀστήρ · dative singular masculine nounmodifies ἀλίγκιονκαλῷlovelyκαλός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἀστέρι - 402
Hector called him Scamandrius, but all the others called him
τόνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of Ἕκτωρῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καλέεσκεκαλέεσκεcalledκαλέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing αὐτὰρΣκαμάνδριονScamandriusσκαμάνδριος · accusative singular masculine adjectivecomplement of καλέεσκεαὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordοἱtheὁ · nominative plural masculine articlemodifies ἄλλοιἄλλοιothersἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject - 403
Astyanax, for Hector alone defended Ilion.
Metre
Ἀστυάνακτοἶος‖γὰρἐρύετοἼλιονἝκτωρ
ἈστυάνακτAstyanaxἈστυάναξ · accusative singular masculine nouncomplementοἶοςaloneοἶος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐρύετοshieldedῥύομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἼλιονIlionἼλιος · accusative singular feminine adjectiveobject of ἐρύετοἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐρύετο - 404
Hector smiled as he looked at his son in silence,
Metre
ἤτοιὃμὲνμείδησεν‖ἰδὼνἐςπαῖδασιωπῇ
ἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of μείδησενμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleμείδησενsmiledμειδάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἰδὼνlookingεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μείδησενἐςtowardεἰς · prepositionprepositionπαῖδαhis sonπαῖς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of μείδησενσιωπῇin silenceσιωπή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἰδὼν - 405
but Andromache stood close beside him, shedding tears.
Metre
Ἀνδρομάχηδέοἱἄγχι‖παρίστατοδάκρυχέουσα
ἈνδρομάχηAndromacheἈνδρομάχη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τ̓δέbutδέ · particlesentence particleοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἄγχιἄγχιbesideἄγχι · prepositionprepositionπαρίστατοstoodπαρίστημι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδάκρυtearsδάκρυον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of χέουσαχέουσαsheddingχέω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to παρίστατο - 406
She took his hand, and spoke to him, and called him by name:
ἔνthereuponἐν · prepositionemphasizing particleτyouσύ · accusative singular pronounsentence particleἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of φῦφῦclaspedφύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχειρὶhandχείρ · dative singular feminine nounobject of φῦἔποςwordἔπος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔφατ̓τandτε · particlesentence particleἔφατspokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔκby nameἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleτandτε · particlecoordinating wordὀνόμαζεcalled by nameὀνομάζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 407
"Strange man, your own might will destroy you; you take no pity
Metre
δαιμόνιεφθίσει‖σετὸσὸνμένοςοὐδἐλεαίρεις
δαιμόνιεstrange oneδαιμόνιος · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headφθίσειwill destroyφθίω · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbσεyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of φθίσειτὸtheὁ · nominative singular neuter articlemodifies μένοςσὸνyourσός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies μένοςμένοςstrengthμένος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of φθίσειἐλεαίρειςtake no pityἐλεαίρω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 408
on your infant child and wretched me, who soon will be
Metre
παῖδάτενηπίαχον‖καὶἔμἄμμορονἣτάχαχήρη
παῖδάchildπαῖς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleνηπίαχονinfantνηπίαχος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies παῖδάκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἔμmeἐγώ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of καὶἄμμορονwretchedἄμμορος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἔμ̓ἣwhoὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἔσομαιτάχαsoonτάχα · adverbadverbial to ἔσομαιχήρηwidowχήρα · nominative singular feminine nounpredicate noun - 409
your widow; for soon the Achaeans will kill you,
Metre
σεῦἔσομαιτάχαγάρ‖σεκατακτανέουσινἈχαιοὶ
σεῦyourσύ · genitive singular pronounmodifies χήρηἔσομαιwill beεἰμί · future indicative, 1st singular verbverb of a clause describing ἔμ̓τάχαsoonτάχα · adverbadverbial to κατακτανέουσινγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleσεyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of κατακτανέουσινκατακτανέουσινwill killκατακτείνω · future active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἈχαιοὶAchaeans̓ἀχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of κατακτανέουσιν - 410
all rushing upon you. For it would be better for me,
Metre
πάντεςἐφορμηθέντες‖ἐμοὶδέκεκέρδιονεἴη
πάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχαιοὶἐφορμηθέντεςrushing upon youἐφορμάω · aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to κατακτανέουσινἐμοὶfor meἐγώ · dative singular feminine pronounobject of εἴηδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκεwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleκέρδιονbetterκερδίων · nominative singular neuter comparative adjectivepredicate nounεἴηwould beεἰμί · present active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 411
once I have lost you, to sink beneath the earth; for no other
Metre
σεῦἀφαμαρτούσῃ‖χθόναδύμεναιοὐγὰρἔτἄλλη
σεῦyouσύ · genitive singular pronounobject of ἀφαμαρτούσῃἀφαμαρτούσῃhaving lostἀφαμαρτάνω · aorist active participle, dative singular femininecircumstantial complementχθόναbeneath the earthχθών · accusative singular feminine nounobject of δύμεναιδύμεναιto sinkδύω · aorist active infinitivesubject of εἴηοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἔτstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to ἔσταιἄλληotherἄλλος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies θαλπωρὴ - 412
warmth will remain for me when you meet your fate,
Metre
ἔσταιθαλπωρὴ‖ἐπεὶἂνσύγεπότμονἐπίσπῃς
ἔσταιwill beεἰμί · future indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθαλπωρὴcomfortθαλπωρή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔσταιἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἂνeverἄν · particleemphasizing particleσύyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of ἐπίσπῃςγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleπότμονfateπότμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπίσπῃςἐπίσπῃςmeetἐφέπω · aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶ - 413
but only grief. I have no father or queenly mother.
Metre
ἀλλἄχεοὐδέμοιἔστι‖πατὴρκαὶπότνιαμήτηρ
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbcoordinating wordἄχεgriefἄχος · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of ἀλλ̓μοιfor meἐγώ · dative singular feminine pronounobject of ἔστιἔστιthere is noεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπατὴρfatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπότνιαqueenlyπότνια · nominative singular feminine nounmodifies μήτηρμήτηρmotherμήτηρ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶ - 414
For godlike Achilles killed my father,
Metre
ἤτοιγὰρπατέρἁμὸν‖ἀπέκτανεδῖοςἈχιλλεύς
ἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleπατέρfatherπατήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀπέκτανεἁμὸνmyἁμός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πατέῤἀπέκτανεkilledἀποκτείνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδῖοςgodlikeδῖος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχιλλεύςἈχιλλεύςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπέκτανε - 415
and sacked the Cilicians' well-inhabited city,
Metre
ἐκδὲπόλινπέρσεν‖Κιλίκωνεὖναιετάουσαν
ἐκutterlyἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleSeparated verbal prefix in tmesis with 'sacked,' intensifying the city's destruction.
δὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπόλινcityπόλις · accusative singular feminine nounobjectπέρσενsackedπέρθω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΚιλίκωνof the CiliciansΚίλιξ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies πόλινεὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to ναιετάουσανναιετάουσανinhabitedναιετάω · present active participle, accusative singular femininemodifies πόλιν - 416
high-gated Thebe; and he killed Eetion,
Metre
Θήβηνὑψίπυλον‖κατὰἔκτανενἨετίωνα
ΘήβηνThebeθήβη · accusative singular feminine nounobjectὑψίπυλονhigh-gatedὑψίπυλος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Θήβηνκατὰoutrightκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleSeparated verbal prefix in tmesis with 'killed,' emphasizing that Achilles slew Eetion outright.
δandδέ · particlesentence particleἔκτανενkilledκτείνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἨετίωναEetionἨετίων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔκτανεν - 417
yet did not strip him, for in his heart he shrank from doing so.
Metre
οὐδέμινἐξενάριξε‖σεβάσσατογὰρτόγεθυμῷ
μινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐξενάριξεἐξενάριξεdid not stripἐξεναρίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbσεβάσσατοshrank from itσεβάζομαι · aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbgoverned by an elided headγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτόthatὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of σεβάσσατογεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleθυμῷin his heartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to σεβάσσατο - 418
Instead, he burned him together with his richly wrought armor
Metre
ἀλλἄραμινκατέκηε‖σὺνἔντεσιδαιδαλέοισιν
ἀλλinsteadἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of κατέκηεκατέκηεburnedκατακαίω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbσὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionἔντεσιarmorἔντεα · dative plural neuter nounobject of σὺνδαιδαλέοισινrichly wroughtδαιδάλεος · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔντεσι - 419
and heaped a mound above him; and all around it planted elms
Metre
ἠδἐπὶσῆμἔχεεν‖περὶδὲπτελέαςἐφύτευσαν
ἠδandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐπὶabove himἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleσῆμmoundσῆμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔχεενἔχεενheapedχέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπερὶaround itπερί · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπτελέαςelmsπτελέα · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐφύτευσανἐφύτευσανplantedφυτεύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 420
the mountain nymphs, daughters of Zeus who bears the aegis.
Metre
νύμφαιὀρεστιάδες‖κοῦραιΔιὸςαἰγιόχοιο
νύμφαιnymphsνύμφη · nominative plural feminine nounsubjectὀρεστιάδεςmountain-dwellingὀρεστιάς · nominative plural feminine nounmodifies νύμφαικοῦραιdaughtersκόρη · nominative plural feminine nounsubjectΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κοῦραιαἰγιόχοιοaegis-bearingαἰγίοχος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Διὸς - 421
And the seven brothers I had within our halls,
Metre
οἳδέμοιἑπτὰκασίγνητοι‖ἔσανἐνμεγάροισιν
οἳwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἔσανδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμοιI hadἐγώ · dative singular feminine pronounobject of ἔσανἑπτὰsevenἑπτά · numeralmodifies κασίγνητοικασίγνητοιbrothersκασίγνητος · nominative plural masculine nounpredicate nounἔσανwereεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionμεγάροισινour hallsμέγαρον · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐν - 422
all on a single day went down into the house of Hades,
Metre
οἳμὲνπάντεςἰῷ‖κίονἤματιἌϊδοςεἴσω
οἳwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of κίονμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleπάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἰῷon oneεἷς · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἤματικίονwent downκίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing κασίγνητοιἤματιdayἦμαρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to κίονεἴσωinsideεἴσω · prepositionpreposition - 423
for swift-footed godlike Achilles killed them all
Metre
πάνταςγὰρκατέπεφνε‖ποδάρκηςδῖοςἈχιλλεὺς
πάνταςallπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of κατέπεφνεγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleκατέπεφνεkilledκατέπεφνον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbποδάρκηςswift-footedποδάρκης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀχιλλεὺςδῖοςgodlikeδῖος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχιλλεὺςἈχιλλεὺςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κατέπεφνε - 424
beside their shambling cattle and their white sheep.
Metre
βουσὶνἐπεἰλιπόδεσσι‖καὶἀργεννῇςὀΐεσσι
βουσὶνcattleβοῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to καὶἐπbesideἐπί · prepositionprepositionεἰλιπόδεσσιshamblingεἰλίπους · dative plural feminine nounmodifies βουσὶνκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀργεννῇςwhiteἀργεννός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ὀΐεσσιὀΐεσσιsheepὄις · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to καὶ - 425
And my mother, who ruled beneath wooded Mount Placus,
μητέραmy motherμήτηρ · accusative singular feminine nounmodifies τὴνδandδέ · particlesentence particleἣwhoὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of βασίλευενβασίλευενruledβασιλεύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing μητέραὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionὑληέσσῃwoodedὑλήεις · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Πλάκῳ - 426
after he brought her here with the other possessions,
Metre
τὴνἐπεὶἂρδεῦρἤγαγ‖ἅμἄλλοισικτεάτεσσιν
τὴνherὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ἤγαγ̓ἐπεὶafterἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἂρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleδεῦρhereδεῦρο · adverbobject of ἤγαγ̓ἤγαγhe broughtἄγω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶἅμalong withἅμα · prepositionprepositionἄλλοισιotherἄλλος · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies κτεάτεσσινκτεάτεσσινpossessionsκτέαρ · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἅμ̓ - 427
he released again when he had taken boundless ransom,
Metre
ἂψὅγετὴνἀπέλυσε‖λαβὼνἀπερείσιἄποινα
ἂψback againἄψ · adverbadverbial to ἀπέλυσεὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀπέλυσεγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleτὴνherὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of δ̓ἀπέλυσεreleasedἀπολύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbλαβὼνhaving takenλαμβάνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀπέλυσεἀπερείσιboundlessἀπερείσιος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἄποιναἄποιναransomἄποινα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of λαβὼν - 428
but Artemis, showerer of arrows, struck her in her father's halls.
πατρὸςher father'sπατήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies μεγάροισιδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionμεγάροισιhallsμέγαρον · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐνβάλstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἌρτεμιςArtemisἌρτεμις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of βάλ̓ἰοχέαιραshooter of arrowsἰοχέαιρα · nominative singular feminine nounmodifies ἌρτεμιςA traditional epithet of Artemis, literally 'she who showers arrows.'
- 429
Hector, you are my father and queenly mother,
Metre
Ἕκτορἀτὰρσύμοίἐσσι‖πατὴρκαὶπότνιαμήτηρ
ἝκτορHectorἕκτωρ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἀτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleσύyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of ἐσσιμοίto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐσσιἐσσιareεἰμί · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbπατὴρfatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate nounκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleπότνιαqueenlyπότνια · nominative singular feminine nounmodifies μήτηρμήτηρmotherμήτηρ · nominative singular feminine nounpredicate noun - 430
and my brother, and you are my strong young husband.
Metre
ἠδὲκασίγνητος‖σὺδέμοιθαλερὸςπαρακοίτης
ἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκασίγνητοςbrotherκασίγνητος · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate nounσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubjectδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobjectθαλερὸςstrong youngθαλερός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies παρακοίτηςπαρακοίτηςhusbandπαρακοίτης · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate noun - 431
Come now, take pity, and remain here upon the tower,
Metre
ἀλλἄγενῦνἐλέαιρε‖καὶαὐτοῦμίμνἐπὶπύργῳ
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἄγεcomeἄγε · adverbsentence particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to καὶἐλέαιρεtake pityἐλεαίρω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordαὐτοῦright hereαὐτοῦ · adverbobjectμίμνremainμίμνω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionπύργῳthe towerπύργος · dative singular masculine nounobject - 432
do not make your child an orphan and your wife a widow.
Metre
μὴπαῖδὀρφανικὸν‖θήῃςχήρηντεγυναῖκα
μὴdo notμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπαῖδyour childπαῖς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of θήῃςὀρφανικὸνorphanedὀρφανικός · accusative singular masculine adjectivecomplement of θήῃςθήῃςmakeτίθημι · aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to τεχήρηνwidowedχῆρος · accusative singular feminine adjectivecomplementτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordγυναῖκαyour wifeγυνή · accusative singular feminine nounobject - 433
Station the army beside the fig tree, where the city
Metre
λαὸνδὲστῆσον‖παρἐρινεόνἔνθαμάλιστα
λαὸνthe armyλαός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of στῆσονδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordστῆσονstationἵστημι · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionἐρινεόνthe fig treeἐρινεός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of παῤἔνθαwhereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to καὶμάλισταmostμάλιστα · adverbemphasizing particle - 434
is easiest to scale and the wall lies open to assault.
Metre
ἀμβατόςἐστιπόλις‖καὶἐπίδρομονἔπλετοτεῖχος
ἀμβατόςeasy to scaleἀναβατός · nominative singular feminine adjectivepredicate nounἐστιisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶπόλιςthe cityπόλις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐστικαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐπίδρομονopen to assaultἐπίδρομος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἔπλετοliesπέλω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶτεῖχοςthe wallτεῖχος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔπλετο - 435
Three times the best men have come there and made trial of it,
Metre
τρὶςγὰρτῇἐλθόντες‖ἐπειρήσανθοἱἄριστοι
τρὶςthree timesτρίς · adverbadverbial to ἐπειρήσανθ̓γὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτῇthereτῇ · adverbadverbial to ἐπειρήσανθ̓γindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἐλθόντεςhaving comeἔρχομαι · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐπειρήσανθ̓ἐπειρήσανθmade trialπειράω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbοἱtheὁ · nominative plural masculine articlemodifies ἄριστοιἄριστοιbest menἄριστος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἐπειρήσανθ̓ - 436
the two Ajaxes and famous Idomeneus,
Metre
ἀμφΑἴαντεδύω‖καὶἀγακλυτὸνἸδομενῆα
ἀμφthe pair ofἀμφί · prepositionprepositionΑἴαντεAjaxesΑἴας · accusative dual masculine nounadverbial to ἀμφ̓δύωtwoδύο · numeralmodifies Αἴαντεκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀγακλυτὸνfamousἀγακλυτός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἸδομενῆαἸδομενῆαIdomeneusἸδομενεύς · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to καὶ - 437
the two sons of Atreus and the mighty son of Tydeus,
Metre
ἠδἀμφἈτρεΐδας‖καὶΤυδέοςἄλκιμονυἱόν
ἠδandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀμφthe pair ofἀμφί · prepositionprepositionἈτρεΐδαςsons of AtreusἈτρείδης · accusative plural masculine nounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΤυδέοςof TydeusΤυδεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱόνἄλκιμονmightyἄλκιμος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱόνυἱόνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to καὶ - 438
whether someone skilled in prophecies told them,
Metre
ἤπούτίςσφινἔνισπε‖θεοπροπίωνἐῢεἰδώς
ἤwhetherἤ · conjunctionsentence particleπούperhapsπού · adverbadverbial to ἔνισπετίςsomeoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔνισπεσφινto themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἔνισπεἔνισπεtoldἐνέπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθεοπροπίωνpropheciesθεοπρόπιον · genitive plural neuter nounobject of εἰδώςἐῢwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to εἰδώςεἰδώςskilled inοἶδα · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculinemodifies τίς - 439
or their own spirit urges and commands them."
Metre
ἤνυκαὶαὐτῶνθυμὸς‖ἐποτρύνεικαὶἀνώγει
ἤorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordνυperhapsνῦν · adverbadverbial to καὶκαὶevenκαί · adverbsentence particleαὐτῶνtheir ownαὐτός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies θυμὸςθυμὸςspiritθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶἐποτρύνειurgesἐποτρύνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀνώγειcommandsἄνωγα · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 440
Then great Hector of the flashing helm addressed her in turn:
Metre
τὴναὖτεπροσέειπε‖μέγαςκορυθαίολοςἝκτωρ
τὴνherὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of προσέειπεδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτεin turnαὖτε · adverbadverbial to προσέειπεπροσέειπεaddressedπροσεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμέγαςgreatμέγας · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτωρκορυθαίολοςof flashing helmκορυθαίολος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέειπε - 441
"Wife, all these things concern me too; but terribly
Metre
ἦκαὶἐμοὶτάδεπάντα‖μέλειγύναιἀλλὰμάλαἰνῶς
ἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἐμοὶto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of μέλειτάδεthese thingsὅδε · accusative plural neuter pronounsubject of μέλειπάνταallπᾶς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τάδεμέλειconcernμέλω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγύναιwifeγυνή · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided headἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordμάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleαἰνῶςterriblyαἰνός · adverbadverbial to αἰδέομαι - 442
I am ashamed before the Trojans and the trailing-robed Trojan women
Metre
αἰδέομαιΤρῶας‖καὶΤρῳάδαςἑλκεσιπέπλους
αἰδέομαιI am ashamedαἰδέομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbΤρῶαςbefore the TrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΤρῳάδαςTrojan womenΤρῳάς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶἑλκεσιπέπλουςtrailing-robedἑλκεσίπεπλος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies Τρῳάδας - 443
if, like a coward, I shrink far away from battle.
αἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκεeverἄν · particleemphasizing particleκακὸςa cowardκακός · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubjectὣςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialνόσφινfar awayνόσφι · adverbadverbial to ἀλυσκάζωἀλυσκάζωI shrinkἀλυσκάζω · present active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to αἴπολέμοιοfrom battleπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀλυσκάζω - 444
Nor does my spirit urge me so, since I learned to be brave
Metre
οὐδέμεθυμὸςἄνωγεν‖ἐπεὶμάθονἔμμεναιἐσθλὸς
μεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἄνωγενθυμὸςmy spiritθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἄνωγενἄνωγενurgesἄνωγα · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμάθονI learnedμανθάνω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶἔμμεναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of καὶEpic infinitive form of 'to be.'
ἐσθλὸςbraveἐσθλός · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 445
always, and to fight among the foremost Trojans,
Metre
αἰεὶκαὶπρώτοισι‖μετὰΤρώεσσιμάχεσθαι
αἰεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἔμμεναικαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπρώτοισιthe foremostπρότερος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρώεσσιμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionΤρώεσσιthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to μετὰμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of καὶ - 446
winning great glory for my father and for myself.
Metre
ἀρνύμενοςπατρός‖τεμέγακλέοςἠδἐμὸναὐτοῦ
ἀρνύμενοςwinningἄρνυμαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μάχεσθαιπατρόςfor my fatherπατήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἠδ̓τεandτε · particlesentence particleμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κλέοςκλέοςgloryκλέος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀρνύμενοςἠδandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐμὸνmy ownἐμός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἠδ̓αὐτοῦselfαὐτοῦ · adverbmodifies ἐμὸν - 447
For this I know well, in my mind and in my heart:
Metre
εὖγὰρἐγὼτόδεοἶδα‖κατὰφρένακαὶκατὰθυμόν
εὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to οἶδαγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of οἶδατόδεthisὅδε · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of οἶδαοἶδαknowοἶδα · perfect active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionφρέναmy mindφρήν · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to κατὰκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionθυμόνmy heartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to κατὰ - 448
there will come a day when sacred Ilion shall perish,
Metre
ἔσσεταιἦμαρὅτἄν‖ποτὀλώλῃἼλιοςἱρὴ
ἔσσεταιthere will beεἰμί · future indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἦμαρa dayἦμαρ · accusative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔσσεταιὅτwhenὅτι · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄνeverἄν · particleemphasizing particleποτsomedayποτέ · particleadverbial to ὀλώλῃὀλώλῃshall perishὄλλυμι · perfect active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ὅτ̓ἼλιοςIlionἼλιος · nominative singular feminine adjectivesubject of καὶἱρὴsacredἱρός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἴλιος - 449
and Priam, and the people of Priam of the strong ash spear.
Metre
καὶΠρίαμοςκαὶλαὸς‖ἐϋμμελίωΠριάμοιο
καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleΠρίαμοςPriamΠρίαμος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordλαὸςthe peopleλαός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶἐϋμμελίωof the strong spearἐυμμελίης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ΠριάμοιοΠριάμοιοof PriamΠρίαμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies λαὸςThe ending -οιο is an epic genitive singular.
- 450
Yet the grief to come for the Trojans does not concern me so much,
Metre
ἀλλοὔμοιΤρώων‖τόσσονμέλειἄλγοςὀπίσσω
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of μέλειΤρώωνfor the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies ,τόσσονso muchτόσος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to μέλειμέλειconcernsμέλω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄλγοςthe griefἄλγος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of μέλειὀπίσσωto comeὀπίσω · adverbadverbial to μέλει - 451
nor that of Hecuba herself, nor of lord Priam,
Metre
οὔταὐτῆςἙκάβης‖οὔτεΠριάμοιοἄνακτος
αὐτῆςherselfαὐτός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἙκάβηςἙκάβηςof HecubaἙκάβη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies οὔοὔτεnorοὔτε · adverbemphasizing particleΠριάμοιοof PriamΠρίαμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies οὔἄνακτοςlordἄναξ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Πριάμοιο - 452
nor of my brothers, many and brave though they may be,
Metre
οὔτεκασιγνήτων‖οἵκενπολέεςτεκαὶἐσθλοὶ
κασιγνήτωνfor my brothersκασίγνητος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies οὔοἵwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of πέσοιενκενmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleπολέεςmanyπολύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementτεbothτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐσθλοὶbraveἐσθλός · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 453
who may fall in the dust beneath enemy men,
Metre
ἐνκονίῃσιπέσοιεν‖ὑπἀνδράσιδυσμενέεσσιν
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionκονίῃσιthe dustκονία · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνπέσοιενmay fallπίπτω · aorist active optative, 3rd plural verbobject of κασιγνήτωνὑπbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionἀνδράσιmenἀνήρ · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ὑπ̓δυσμενέεσσινenemyδυσμενής · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνδράσι - 454
as does yours, when one of the bronze-clad Achaeans
Metre
ὅσσονσεῦὅτεκέν‖τιςἈχαιῶνχαλκοχιτώνων
ὅσσονas much asὅσος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbialσεῦfor youσύ · genitive singular pronounmodifiesὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκένeverἄν · particleemphasizing particleτιςoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἄγηταιἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τιςχαλκοχιτώνωνbronze-cladχαλκοχίτων · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies Ἀχαιῶν - 455
leads you away in tears, robbing you of your day of freedom.
Metre
δακρυόεσσανἄγηται‖ἐλεύθερονἦμαρἀπούρας
δακρυόεσσανin tearsδακρυόεις · accusative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementἄγηταιleads awayἄγω · present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbialἐλεύθερονof freedomἐλεύθερος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦμαρἦμαρyour dayἦμαρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀπούραςἀπούραςhaving robbed youἀπαυράω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἄγηται - 456
And in Argos you may weave at another woman's loom,
Metre
καίκενἐνἌργειἐοῦσα‖πρὸςἄλληςἱστὸνὑφαίνοις
καίandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleκενyou mayἄν · particleemphasizing particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionἌργειArgosἌργος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐνἐοῦσαwhile livingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ὑφαίνοιςπρὸςatπρός · prepositionprepositionἄλληςanother woman'sἄλλος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἱστὸνἱστὸνloomἱστός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of πρὸςὑφαίνοιςweaveὑφαίνω · present active optative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 457
and carry water from Messeis or Hyperia,
Metre
καίκενὕδωρφορέοις‖ΜεσσηΐδοςἢὙπερείης
καίandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleκενyou mayἄν · particleemphasizing particleὕδωρwaterὕδωρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of φορέοιςφορέοιςcarryφορέω · present active optative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordὙπερείηςfrom HyperiaὙπέρεια · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἢ - 458
much against your will, and hard necessity will lie upon you.
Metre
πόλλἀεκαζομένη‖κρατερὴἐπικείσετἀνάγκη
πόλλgreatlyπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀεκαζομένηἀεκαζομένηagainst your willἀεκαζόμενος · nominative singular feminine adjectiveadverbial to φορέοιςκρατερὴharshκρατερός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀνάγκηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπικείσετwill lie uponἐπίκειμαι · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀνάγκηnecessityἀνάγκη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐπικείσετ̓ - 459
And someday someone may say, seeing you pour down tears:
Metre
καίποτέτιςεἴπῃσιν‖ἰδὼνκατὰδάκρυχέουσαν
καίandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleποτέsomedayποτέ · particleadverbial to εἴπῃσιντιςsomeoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἴπῃσινεἴπῃσινmay sayεἶπον · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbmain verbἰδὼνseeingεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἴπῃσινκατὰdownκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleδάκρυtearsδάκρυον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of χέουσανχέουσανpouringχέω · present active participle, accusative singular feminineobject of ἰδὼν - 460
'This is Hector's wife, who was ever foremost in battle
Metre
Ἕκτοροςἥδεγυνὴ‖ὃςἀριστεύεσκεμάχεσθαι
ἝκτοροςHector'sἕκτωρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies γυνὴἥδεthisὅδε · nominative singular feminine pronounsubjectγυνὴwifeγυνή · nominative singular feminine nounpredicate nounὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀριστεύεσκεἀριστεύεσκεwas ever foremostἀριστεύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἕκτοροςμάχεσθαιin fightingμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveadverbial to ἀριστεύεσκεThe iterative suffix marks Hector's habitual preeminence in battle.
- 461
among the horse-taming Trojans when they fought around Ilion.'
Metre
Τρώωνἱπποδάμων‖ὅτεἼλιονἀμφεμάχοντο
Τρώωνamong the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἀριστεύεσκεἱπποδάμωνhorse-tamingἱππόδαμος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρώωνὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἼλιονaround Ilion῎ἴλιος · accusative singular feminine adjectiveobject of ἀμφεμάχοντοἀμφεμάχοντοthey foughtἀμφιμάχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὅτε - 462
So someone will say; and for you grief will be new again
Metre
ὥςποτέτιςἐρέει‖σοὶαὖνέονἔσσεταιἄλγος
ὥςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐρέειποτέsomedayποτέ · particleadverbial to ἐρέειτιςsomeoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐρέειἐρέειwill sayἐρῶ · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbσοὶfor youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of ἔσσεταιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖagainαὖ · adverbsentence particleνέονfreshνέος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἄλγοςἔσσεταιwill beεἰμί · future indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄλγοςgriefἄλγος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔσσεται - 463
for want of such a man to ward off the day of slavery.
Metre
χήτεϊτοιοῦδἀνδρὸς‖ἀμύνεινδούλιονἦμαρ
χήτεϊfor wantχῆτος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἔσσεταιτοιοῦδof suchτοιόσδε · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies ἀνδρὸςἀνδρὸςa manἀνήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies χήτεϊἀμύνεινto ward offἀμύνω · present active infinitivemodifies ἀνδρὸςδούλιονof slaveryδούλιος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦμαρἦμαρthe dayἦμαρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀμύνειν - 464
But may the heaped earth cover me when I am dead
Metre
ἀλλάμετεθνηῶτα‖χυτὴκατὰγαῖακαλύπτοι
ἀλλάbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of καλύπτοιτεθνηῶταwhen deadθνήσκω · perfect active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementPerfect participle: Hector imagines himself already in the settled state of death.
χυτὴheaped upχυτός · nominative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementκατὰoverκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleγαῖαearthγαῖα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καλύπτοικαλύπτοιmay coverκαλύπτω · present active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 465
before I hear anything of your cry and your being dragged away."
Metre
πρίνγέτισῆςτεβοῆς‖σοῦἑλκηθμοῖοπυθέσθαι
πρίνbeforeπρίν · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionγέat leastγε · particleemphasizing particleτιanythingτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to πυθέσθαισῆςof yourσός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies βοῆςτεbothτε · particlesentence particleβοῆςcryβοή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of θ̓σοῦyourσύ · genitive singular pronounmodifies ἑλκηθμοῖοθandτε · particlecoordinating wordἑλκηθμοῖοbeing dragged awayἑλκηθμός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of θ̓πυθέσθαιto hearπυνθάνομαι · aorist middle infinitiveadverbial to πρίν - 466
So glorious Hector spoke, and reached toward his son;
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνοὗπαιδὸς‖ὀρέξατοφαίδιμοςἝκτωρ
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνhaving spokenεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὀρέξατοπαιδὸςsonπαῖς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ὀρέξατοὀρέξατοreached towardὀρέγω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφαίδιμοςgloriousφαίδιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὀρέξατο - 467
but the child shrank back to the breast of the well-girdled nurse,
Metre
ἂψὃπάϊςπρὸςκόλπον‖ἐϋζώνοιοτιθήνης
ἂψbackἄψ · adverbadverbial to ἐκλίνθηδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordὃtheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies πάϊςπάϊςchildπαῖς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐκλίνθηπρὸςtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionκόλπονthe breastκόλπος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of πρὸςἐϋζώνοιοwell-girdledεὔζωνος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies τιθήνηςτιθήνηςnurseτιθήνη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies κόλπον - 468
crying out, frightened at the sight of his dear father,
Metre
ἐκλίνθηἰάχων‖πατρὸςφίλουὄψινἀτυχθεὶς
ἐκλίνθηshrank backκλίνω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἰάχωνcrying outἰάχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ,πατρὸςof his fatherπατήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ὄψινφίλουdearφίλος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies πατρὸςὄψινat the sightὄψις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀτυχθεὶςἀτυχθεὶςfrightenedἀτύζω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to , - 469
terrified by the bronze and the horsehair crest,
ταρβήσαςterrified byταρβέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ,χαλκόνthe bronzeχαλκός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἰδὲτεbothτε · particlesentence particleἰδὲandἰδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordλόφονthe crestλόφος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἰδὲἱππιοχαίτηνhorsehair-plumedἱππιοχαίτης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies λόφον - 470
seeing it nod terribly from the helmet's very top.
Metre
δεινὸνἀπἀκροτάτης‖κόρυθοςνεύοντανοήσας
δεινὸνterriblyδεινός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to νεύονταἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionἀκροτάτηςthe very topἄκρος · genitive singular feminine superlative adjectivemodifies κόρυθοςκόρυθοςof the helmetκόρυς · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἀπ̓νεύονταnoddingνεύω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementνοήσαςseeingνοέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to , - 471
Then his dear father and queenly mother both laughed aloud.
ἐκoutἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐγέλασσεlaughed aloudγελάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπατήρthe fatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶτεbothτε · particlesentence particleφίλοςdearφίλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πατήρκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπότνιαqueenlyπότνια · nominative singular feminine nounmodifies μήτηρμήτηρmotherμήτηρ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶ - 472
At once glorious Hector took the helmet from his head
αὐτίκat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to εἵλετοἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionκρατὸςhis headκράς · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἀπὸκόρυθthe helmetκόρυς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἵλετοεἵλετοtookαἱρέω · aorist indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφαίδιμοςgloriousφαίδιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἕκτωρ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶ - 473
and set it on the ground, all gleaming;
Metre
καὶτὴνμὲνκατέθηκεν‖ἐπὶχθονὶπαμφανόωσαν
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordτὴνitὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of κατέθηκενμὲνthenμέν · particlesentence particleκατέθηκενset downκατατίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionχθονὶthe groundχθών · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπὶπαμφανόωσανall gleamingπαμφανόων · present active participle, accusative singular femininecircumstantial complement - 474
then, when he had kissed his dear son and lifted him in his hands,
Metre
αὐτὰρὅὃνφίλονυἱὸν‖ἐπεὶκύσεπῆλέτεχερσὶν
αὐτὰρbut thenἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἶπεγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleὃνhis ownἑός · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of υἱὸνφίλονdearφίλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱὸνυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τεἐπεὶafterἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκύσεhe kissedκυνέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to τεπῆλέliftedπάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordχερσὶνin his handsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of πῆλέ - 475
he prayed aloud to Zeus and the other gods:
Metre
εἶπεἐπευξάμενος‖Διίἄλλοισίντεθεοῖσι
εἶπεspokeεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπευξάμενοςhaving prayed aloudἐπεύχομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἶπεΔιίto Zeusζεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of τετbothτε · particlesentence particleἄλλοισίνotherἄλλος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοῖσιτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordθεοῖσιgodsθεός · dative plural masculine nounobject of τε - 476
"Zeus and you other gods, grant that this child too,
Metre
Ζεῦἄλλοιτεθεοὶ‖δότεδὴκαὶτόνδεγενέσθαι
ΖεῦZeusζεύς · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἄλλοιotherἄλλος · vocative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοὶτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordθεοὶgodsθεός · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headδότεgrantδίδωμι · aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbδὴindeedδή · particleemphasizing particleκαὶalsoκαί · conjunctionemphasizing particleτόνδεthis childὅδε · accusative singular masculine pronounmodifies παῖδ̓γενέσθαιto becomeγίγνομαι · aorist infinitiveobject of καὶ - 477
my son, may become, as I am, preeminent among the Trojans,
Metre
παῖδἐμὸνὡςκαὶἐγώ‖περἀριπρεπέαΤρώεσσιν
παῖδmy childπαῖς · accusative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶἐμὸνmyἐμός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies παῖδ̓ὡςasὡς · conjunctionadverbial to γενέσθαικαὶalsoκαί · adverbsentence particleἐγώIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἀριπρεπέαpreeminentἀριπρεπής · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounΤρώεσσινamong the TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounmodifies ἀριπρεπέα - 478
as excellent in strength, and rule Ilion with might;
ὧδεthusὧδε · adverbadverbial to ἀγαθόνβίηνin strengthβία · accusative singular feminine nounmodifies ἀγαθόντandτε · particlecoordinating wordἀγαθόνexcellentἀγαθός · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἸλίουover IlionἼλιος · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἀνάσσεινἶφιwith mightἶφι · adverbadverbial to ἀνάσσεινAn old instrumental form used adverbially: 'by might, mightily.'
ἀνάσσεινto ruleἀνάσσω · present active infinitiveobject of καὶ - 479
and someday may someone say, 'This one is far better than his father,'
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordποτέsomedayποτέ · particleadverbial to εἴποιτιςsomeoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἴποιεἴποιmay sayεἶπον · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπατρόςthan his fatherπατήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἀμείνωνγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleὅδεthis oneὅδε · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectπολλὸνfarπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbialἀμείνωνbetterἀμείνων · nominative singular masculine comparative adjectivepredicate noun - 480
as he comes home from war; and may he bear blood-stained spoils,
Metre
ἐκπολέμουἀνιόντα‖φέροιἔναραβροτόεντα
ἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπολέμουwarπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκἀνιόνταcoming homeἄνειμι · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementφέροιmay he bearφέρω · present active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἔναραspoilsἔναρα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of φέροιβροτόενταblood-stainedβροτόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔναρα - 481
having killed an enemy man, and may his mother rejoice at heart."
Metre
κτείναςδήϊονἄνδρα‖χαρείηδὲφρέναμήτηρ
κτείναςhaving killedκτείνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to φέροιδήϊονan enemyδάιος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἄνδραἄνδραmanἀνήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κτείναςχαρείηmay rejoiceχαίρω · aorist passive optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordφρέναat heartφρήν · accusative plural neuter nounadverbial to χαρείημήτηρhis motherμήτηρ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of χαρείη - 482
So speaking, he placed his own child in the hands of his dear wife;
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνἀλόχοιο‖φίληςἐνχερσὶνἔθηκε
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔθηκεἀλόχοιοof his wifeἄλοχος · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies χερσὶνφίληςdearφίλος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀλόχοιοἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionχερσὶνthe handsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνἔθηκεhe placedτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 483
and she received him at her fragrant breast
Metre
παῖδἑόνἣἄραμιν‖κηώδεϊδέξατοκόλπῳ
παῖδhis childπαῖς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔθηκεἑόνhis ownἑός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies παῖδ̓ἣsheὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of δέξατοδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραindeedἄρα · particlesentence particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of δέξατοκηώδεϊfragrantκηώδης · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies κόλπῳδέξατοreceivedδέχομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκόλπῳat her breastκόλπος · dative singular masculine nounobject of δέξατο - 484
with a tearful smile; her husband saw and pitied her,
Metre
δακρυόενγελάσασα‖πόσιςἐλέησενοήσας
δακρυόενtearfullyδακρυόεις · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to γελάσασαγελάσασαsmilingγελάω · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to δέξατοπόσιςher husbandπόσις · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἐλέησεpitied herἐλεέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνοήσαςseeingνοέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐλέησε - 485
and stroked her with his hand, and spoke to her, and called her by name:
χειρίwith his handχείρ · dative singular feminine nounobject of κατέρεξεντέandτε · particlesentence particleμινherμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of κατέρεξενκατέρεξενstrokedκαταρρέζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔποςa wordἔπος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔφατ̓τandτε · particlesentence particleἔφατspokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔκby nameἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleτandτε · particlecoordinating wordὀνόμαζεcalled herὀνομάζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbThe separated preverb and verb combine in tmesis: 'called her by name.'
- 486
"Strange woman, do not grieve too deeply in your heart for me.
Metre
δαιμονίημήμοί‖τιλίηνἀκαχίζεοθυμῷ
δαιμονίηstrange womanδαιμόνιος · vocative singular feminine adjectivegoverned by an elided headμήdo notμή · adverbemphasizing particleμοίfor meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀκαχίζεοτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to ἀκαχίζεολίηνtoo deeplyλίαν · adverbadverbial to ἀκαχίζεοἀκαχίζεοgrieveἀχεύω · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbθυμῷin your heartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἀκαχίζεο - 487
For no man will send me down to Hades before my destiny;
Metre
οὐγάρτίςὑπὲραἶσαν‖ἀνὴρἌϊδιπροϊάψει
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτίςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἀνὴρμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προϊάψειὑπὲρbeyondὑπέρ · prepositionprepositionαἶσανdestinyαἶσα · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ὑπὲρἀνὴρa manἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προϊάψειἌϊδιto HadesἈΐδης · dative singular masculine nounobject of προϊάψειπροϊάψειwill send downπροιάπτω · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 488
but no man, I tell you, has escaped his fate,
Metre
μοῖρανοὔτινάφημι‖πεφυγμένονἔμμεναιἀνδρῶν
μοῖρανfateμοῖρα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of πεφυγμένονδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτινάanyτις · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔμμεναιφημιI sayφημί · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbπεφυγμένονhaving escapedφεύγω · perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinepredicate nounἔμμεναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of φημιEpic infinitive form of 'to be.'
ἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τινά - 489
neither coward nor brave man, once he is born.
Metre
οὐκακὸνοὐδὲμὲνἐσθλόν‖ἐπὴντὰπρῶταγένηται
οὐneitherοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleκακὸνa cowardκακός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δὲμὲνnorμέν · particlesentence particleἐσθλόνa brave manἐσθλός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δὲἐπὴνonceἐπήν · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτὰtheὁ · accusative plural neuter articlemodifies πρῶταπρῶταfirst timeπρῶτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to γένηταιγένηταιhe is bornγίγνομαι · aorist subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπὴν - 490
But go home and tend to your own tasks,
Metre
ἀλλεἰςοἶκονἰοῦσα‖τὰαὐτῆςἔργακόμιζε
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleεἰςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionοἶκονhomeοἶκος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εἰςἰοῦσαgoingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to κόμιζετὰtheὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounmodifies ἔργασyourσός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔργααὐτῆςownαὐτός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἔργαἔργαtasksἔργον · accusative plural neuter nounobjectκόμιζεtendκομίζω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 491
the loom and the distaff, and command your serving women
ἱστόνthe loomἱστός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectτandτε · particlesentence particleἠλακάτηνthe distaffἠλακάτη · accusative singular feminine nounobjectτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀμφιπόλοισιyour serving womenἀμφίπολος · dative plural feminine adjectiveobject of κέλευεκέλευεcommandκελεύω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 492
to go about their work; war shall concern the men,
ἔργονtheir workἔργον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐποίχεσθαιἐποίχεσθαιto go aboutἐποίχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of κέλευεπόλεμοςwarπόλεμος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓δbutδέ · particlesentence particleἄνδρεσσιthe menἀνήρ · dative plural masculine nounobject of μελήσειμελήσειwill concernμέλω · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 493
all who were born in Ilion, and me above all."
πᾶσιallπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἄνδρεσσιμάλισταmost of allμάλιστα · adverbadverbialδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐμοίmeἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobjectτοὶwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐγγεγάασινἸλίῳin IlionἼλιος · dative singular feminine adjectiveobject of ἐγγεγάασινἐγγεγάασινwere bornἐγγίγνομαι · perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἄνδρεσσιThe perfect emphasizes their established status as native-born men of Ilion.
- 494
So speaking, glorious Hector lifted his horsehair-crested
Metre
ὣςἄραφωνήσας‖κόρυθεἵλετοφαίδιμοςἝκτωρ
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φωνήσαςἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleφωνήσαςspeakingφωνέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἵλετοκόρυθthe helmetκόρυς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἵλετοεἵλετοliftedαἱρέω · aorist indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφαίδιμοςgloriousφαίδιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εἵλετο - 495
helmet; and his dear wife had begun to go home,
Metre
ἵππουρινἄλοχος‖δὲφίληοἶκονδὲβεβήκει
ἵππουρινhorsehair-crestedἵππουρις · accusative singular feminine nounmodifies κόρυθ̓ἄλοχοςhis wifeἄλοχος · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of βεβήκειδὲbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordφίληdearφίλος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἄλοχοςοἶκονhomewardοἶκος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of βεβήκειδὲthenδέ · particleemphasizing particleβεβήκειhad begun walkingβαίνω · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbThe pluperfect marks her departure as already under way while Hector takes up his helmet.
- 496
turning back again and again, shedding full tears.
Metre
ἐντροπαλιζομένη‖θαλερὸνκατὰδάκρυχέουσα
ἐντροπαλιζομένηturning back repeatedlyἐντροπαλίζομαι · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to βεβήκειθαλερὸνfullθαλερός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δάκρυκατὰdownκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleδάκρυtearsδάκρυον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of χέουσαχέουσαsheddingχέω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to , - 497
and swiftly then she reached the well-inhabited house,
Metre
αἶψαἔπειθἵκανε‖δόμουςεὖναιετάοντας
αἶψαswiftlyαἶψα · adverbadverbial to ἵκανεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἔπειθthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἵκανεἵκανεshe reachedἱκάνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδόμουςthe houseδόμος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἵκανεεὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to ναιετάονταςναιετάονταςinhabitedναιετάω · present active participle, accusative plural masculinemodifies δόμους - 498
of man-slaying Hector, and found many women inside,
Metre
Ἕκτοροςἀνδροφόνοιο‖κιχήσατοἔνδοθιπολλὰς
Ἕκτοροςof HectorἝκτωρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies δόμουςἀνδροφόνοιοman-slayingἀνδροφόνος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτοροςκιχήσατοshe foundκιχάνω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἔνδοθιinsideἔνδοθι · adverbadverbial to κιχήσατοπολλὰςmanyπολύς · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἀμφιπόλους - 499
her serving women, and among them all she stirred up lamentation.
Metre
ἀμφιπόλουςτῇσιν‖δὲγόονπάσῃσινἐνῶρσεν
ἀμφιπόλουςserving womenἀμφίπολος · accusative plural feminine adjectiveobject of κιχήσατοτῇσινamong themὁ · dative plural feminine pronounobject of ἐνῶρσενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordγόονlamentationγόος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐνῶρσενπάσῃσινallπᾶς · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies τῇσινἐνῶρσενshe stirred upἐνόρνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 500
They mourned Hector while he was still alive, there in his own house;
Metre
αἳμὲνἔτιζωὸν‖γόονἝκτοραᾧἐνὶοἴκῳ
αἳtheyὅς · nominative plural feminine pronounsubject of γόονμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἔτιstillἔτι · adverbemphasizing particleζωὸνlivingζωός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτοραγόονmournedγοάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of γόονᾧhis ownἑός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies οἴκῳἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionοἴκῳhouseοἶκος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνὶ - 501
for they no longer thought he would come back from battle
Metre
οὐγάρμινἔτἔφαντο‖ὑπότροπονἐκπολέμοιο
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἵξεσθαιἔτany longerἔτι · adverbadverbial to ἔφαντοἔφαντοthey thoughtφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὑπότροπονreturningὑπότροπος · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπολέμοιοbattleπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκ - 502
after escaping the fury and the hands of the Achaeans.
Metre
ἵξεσθαιπροφυγόντα‖μένοςκαὶχεῖραςἈχαιῶν
ἵξεσθαιwould comeἱκνέομαι · future middle infinitiveobject of ἔφαντοπροφυγόνταhaving escapedπροφεύγω · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculineadverbial to ἵξεσθαιμένοςthe furyμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordχεῖραςthe handsχείρ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies καὶ - 503
Nor did Paris linger in his high-roofed house,
Metre
οὐδὲΠάριςδήθυνεν‖ἐνὑψηλοῖσιδόμοισιν
ΠάριςParisΠάρις · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δήθυνενδήθυνενlingeredδηθύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionὑψηλοῖσιhigh-roofedὑψηλός · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies δόμοισινδόμοισινhallsδόμος · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἐν - 504
but when he had put on his famous armor, richly wrought with bronze,
Metre
ἀλλὅἐπεὶκατέδυ‖κλυτὰτεύχεαποικίλαχαλκῷ
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of σεύατ̓γindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκατέδυhad put onκαταδύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶLiterally 'went down into' his armor, an idiom for putting it on.
κλυτὰfamousκλυτός · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχεατεύχεαarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of κατέδυποικίλαrichly wroughtποικίλος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχεαχαλκῷwith bronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ποικίλα - 505
he rushed then through the city, trusting in his swift feet.
Metre
σεύατἔπειτἀνὰἄστυ‖ποσὶκραιπνοῖσιπεποιθώς
σεύατhe rushedσεύω · aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbἔπειτthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to σεύατ̓ἀνὰthroughἀνά · prepositionprepositionἄστυthe cityἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀνὰποσὶin his feetπούς · dative plural masculine nounobject of πεποιθώςκραιπνοῖσιswiftκραιπνός · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ποσὶπεποιθώςtrustingπείθω · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to σεύατ̓ - 506
As when a stabled horse, fed his fill at the manger,
Metre
ὡςὅτετιςστατὸςἵππος‖ἀκοστήσαςἐπὶφάτνῃ
ὡςasὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδandδέ · particleemphasizing particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτιςsomeτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἵπποςστατὸςstabledστατός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἵπποςἵπποςhorseἵππος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of θείῃἀκοστήσαςfed his fillἀκοστάω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to θείῃἐπὶatἐπί · prepositionprepositionφάτνῃthe mangerφάτνη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐπὶ - 507
breaks his tether and runs exulting over the plain,
Metre
δεσμὸνἀπορρήξας‖θείῃπεδίοιοκροαίνων
δεσμὸνhis tetherδεσμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀπορρήξαςἀπορρήξαςbreaking freeἀπορρήγνυμι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to θείῃθείῃrunsθέω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτεπεδίοιοover the plainπεδίον · genitive singular neuter nounobject of κροαίνωνκροαίνωνexultingκροαίνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to θείῃ - 508
accustomed to bathe in a fair-flowing river,
Metre
εἰωθὼςλούεσθαι‖ἐϋρρεῖοςποταμοῖο
εἰωθὼςaccustomedἔθω · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculinemodifies ἵπποςλούεσθαιto batheλούω · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of εἰωθὼςἐϋρρεῖοςfair-flowingἐυρρεής · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ποταμοῖοποταμοῖοin a riverποταμός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of λούεσθαι - 509
glorying; he holds his head high, and his mane
Metre
κυδιόωνὑψοῦ‖δὲκάρηἔχειἀμφὶδὲχαῖται
κυδιόωνgloryingκυδιάω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to θείῃὑψοῦhighὑψοῦ · adverbobject of ἔχειδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleκάρηhis headκάρα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔχειἔχειhe holdsἔχω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀμφὶaboutἀμφί · adverbprepositionδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχαῖταιhis maneχαίτη · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἀΐσσονται - 510
streams about his shoulders; trusting in his splendor,
Metre
ὤμοιςἀΐσσονται‖ὃἀγλαΐηφιπεποιθὼς
ὤμοιςhis shouldersὦμος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀμφὶἀΐσσονταιstreamsἀίσσω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of πεποιθὼςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀγλαΐηφιin his splendorἀγλαία · dative plural feminine nounobject of πεποιθὼςThe ending -φι is an epic instrumental: he trusts 'in/by his splendor.'
πεποιθὼςtrustingπείθω · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to φέρει - 511
his knees bear him swiftly to the haunts and pasture of mares—
Metre
ῥίμφάἑγοῦναφέρει‖μετάἤθεακαὶνομὸνἵππων
ῥίμφάswiftlyῥίμφα · adverbadverbial to φέρειἑhimἕ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of φέρειγοῦναhis kneesγόνυ · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of φέρειφέρειbearφέρω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμετάtoμετά · prepositionprepositionτbothτε · particlesentence particleἤθεαthe hauntsἦθος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνομὸνpastureνομός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἵππωνof maresἵππος · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies καὶ - 512
so Priam's son Paris came down from the height of Pergamus,
Metre
ὣςυἱὸςΠριάμοιο‖ΠάριςκατὰΠεργάμουἄκρης
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐβεβήκειυἱὸςthe sonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectΠριάμοιοof PriamΠρίαμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸςThe ending -οιο is an epic genitive singular.
ΠάριςParisΠάρις · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectκατὰdown fromκατά · prepositionprepositionΠεργάμουPergamusΠέργαμος · genitive singular feminine nounobject of κατὰἄκρηςhighἄκρος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies Περγάμου - 513
all gleaming in his armor like the sun,
Metre
τεύχεσιπαμφαίνων‖ὥςἠλέκτωρἐβεβήκει
τεύχεσιin his armorτεῦχος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to παμφαίνωνπαμφαίνωνall gleamingπαμφαίνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐβεβήκειὥςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialτevenτε · particleemphasizing particleἠλέκτωρthe sunἠλέκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἐβεβήκειcame downβαίνω · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbThe pluperfect presents his descent from Pergamus as completed when the narrative catches sight of him.
- 514
laughing aloud, and his swift feet bore him on; and soon
Metre
καγχαλόωνταχέες‖δὲπόδεςφέροναἶψαἔπειτα
καγχαλόωνlaughing aloudκαγχαλάω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐβεβήκειταχέεςswiftταχύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies πόδεςδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπόδεςhis feetπούς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of φέρονφέρονbore himφέρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbαἶψαsoonαἶψα · adverbadverbial to ἔτετμενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἔτετμεν - 515
he found godlike Hector, his brother, just as he was about
Metre
Ἕκτοραδῖονἔτετμεν‖ἀδελφεὸνεὖτἄρἔμελλε
ἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobjectδῖονgodlikeδῖος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἀδελφεὸνἔτετμενhe foundτέτμον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀδελφεὸνhis brotherἀδελφός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectεὖτjust whenεὖτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔμελλεhe was aboutμέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εὖτ̓ - 516
to turn from the place where he had spoken tenderly with his wife.
Metre
στρέψεσθἐκχώρης‖ὅθιᾗὀάριζεγυναικί
στρέψεσθto turn awayστρέφω · future middle infinitiveobject of ἔμελλεἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionχώρηςthe placeχώρα · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐκὅθιwhereὅθι · adverbadverbial to ὀάριζεᾗhisἑός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies γυναικίὀάριζεhe spoke tenderlyὀαρίζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing χώρηςγυναικίwith his wifeγυνή · dative singular feminine nounobject of ὀάριζε - 517
Godlike Paris was the first to address him:
Metre
τὸνπρότεροςπροσέειπεν‖Ἀλέξανδροςθεοειδής
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέειπενπρότεροςfirstπρότερος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπροσέειπενaddressedπροσεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈλέξανδροςAlexanderἈλέξανδρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέειπενθεοειδήςgodlikeθεοειδής · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀλέξανδρος - 518
"Brother, surely I have kept you back in all your haste
Metre
ἠθεῖἦμάλαδή‖σεκαὶἐσσύμενονκατερύκω
ἠθεῖbrotherἠθεῖος · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headἦsurelyἦ · adverbsentence particleμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleδήindeedδή · particlesentence particleσεyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of κατερύκωκαὶevenκαί · conjunctionemphasizing particleἐσσύμενονin all your hasteσεύω · present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementκατερύκωI keep backκατερύκω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 519
by lingering, and did not come in due time as you commanded?"
Metre
δηθύνωνοὐδἦλθον‖ἐναίσιμονὡςἐκέλευες
δηθύνωνby lingeringδηθύνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κατερύκωἦλθονI cameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἐναίσιμονat the proper timeἐναίσιμος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἦλθονὡςasὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐκέλευεςἐκέλευεςyou commandedκελεύω · imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ἦλθον - 520
Then Hector of the flashing helm answered him and said:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπαμειβόμενοςansweringἀπαμείβομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηsaidπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκορυθαίολοςof flashing helmκορυθαίολος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 521
"Strange one, no man whose judgment is fair
Metre
δαιμόνιοὐκἄντίς‖τοιἀνὴρὃςἐναίσιμοςεἴη
δαιμόνιstrange oneδαιμόνιος · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἄνwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleτίςanyτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἀνὴρτοιfor youσύ · dative singular pronounsentence particleἀνὴρmanἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀτιμήσειεὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἴηἐναίσιμοςfair-mindedἐναίσιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounεἴηmight beἐάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἀνὴρ - 522
would dishonor your work in battle, since you are brave;
Metre
ἔργονἀτιμήσειε‖μάχηςἐπεὶἄλκιμόςἐσσι
ἔργονyour workἔργον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀτιμήσειεἀτιμήσειεwould dishonorἀτιμάω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμάχηςin battleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἔργονἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἄλκιμόςbraveἄλκιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐσσιyou areεἰμί · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶ - 523
but you willingly slacken and refuse to fight; and my heart
Metre
ἀλλὰἑκὼνμεθιεῖς‖τεκαὶοὐκἐθέλειςτὸἐμὸνκῆρ
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἑκὼνwillinglyἑκών · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementμεθιεῖςyou slackenμεθίημι · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbτεbothτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἐθέλειςyou are willingἐθέλω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbτὸtheὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of ἄχνυταιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐμὸνmyἐμός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κῆρκῆρheartκῆρ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἄχνυται - 524
grieves within me whenever I hear shameful words about you
Metre
ἄχνυταιἐνθυμῷ‖ὅθὑπὲρσέθεναἴσχεἀκούω
ἄχνυταιgrievesἀχεύω · present passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐνwithinἐν · prepositionprepositionθυμῷmy spiritθυμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἄχνυταιὅθwheneverὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionὑπὲρaboutὑπέρ · prepositionprepositionσέθενyouσύ · genitive singular pronounmodifies ὑπὲραἴσχεshameful wordsαἶσχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἀκούωἀκούωI hearἀκούω · present active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to ὅθ̓ - 525
from the Trojans, who bear great toil because of you.
Metre
πρὸςΤρώωνοἳἔχουσι‖πολὺνπόνονεἵνεκασεῖο
πρὸςfromπρός · prepositionprepositionΤρώωνthe TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounobject of πρὸςοἳwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἔχουσιἔχουσιbearἔχω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing Τρώωνπολὺνgreatπολύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πόνονπόνονtoilπόνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔχουσιεἵνεκαbecause ofἕνεκα · prepositionprepositionσεῖοyouσύ · genitive singular pronounadverbial to εἵνεκα - 526
But let us go; we shall make amends hereafter, if ever Zeus
Metre
ἀλλἴομεντὰὄπισθεν‖ἀρεσσόμεθαἴκέποθιΖεὺς
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἴομενlet us goεἶμι · present active subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbτὰthese thingsὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of ἀρεσσόμεθ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὄπισθενhereafterὄπισθεν · adverbadverbial to ἀρεσσόμεθ̓ἀρεσσόμεθwe shall make amendsἀρέσκω · future middle indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbαἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκέeverἄν · particleemphasizing particleποθιsomehowποθι · adverbadverbial to δώῃΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δώῃ - 527
grants us, for the heavenly gods who live forever,
Metre
δώῃἐπουρανίοισι‖θεοῖςαἰειγενέτῃσι
δώῃgrantsδίδωμι · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to αἴἐπουρανίοισιheavenlyἐπουράνιος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοῖςθεοῖςto the godsθεός · dative plural masculine nounobject of στήσασθαιαἰειγενέτῃσιever-livingἀειγενέτης · dative plural masculine nounmodifies θεοῖς - 528
to set up the bowl of freedom in our halls,
Metre
κρητῆραστήσασθαι‖ἐλεύθερονἐνμεγάροισιν
κρητῆραa mixing bowlκρατήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of στήσασθαιστήσασθαιto set upἵστημι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of δώῃἐλεύθερονof freedomἐλεύθερος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies κρητῆραἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionμεγάροισινour hallsμέγαρον · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐνThe 'bowl of freedom' is a celebratory mixing bowl dedicated or filled after liberation.
- 529
when we have driven the well-greaved Achaeans from Troy."
Metre
ἐκΤροίηςἐλάσαντας‖ἐϋκνήμιδαςἈχαιούς
ἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionΤροίηςTroyΤροία · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐκἐλάσανταςhaving drivenἐλαύνω · aorist active participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complementἐϋκνήμιδαςwell-greavedἐυκνήμις · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχαιούςἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐλάσαντας
The particulars
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- Ἰλιάς, Homer. The Wrath.
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- Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
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