Ancient Greek · The Wrath
Ἰλιάδος Θ
Book 8. Zeus Turns the Battle
Zeus forbids the gods to fight and drives the Greeks back to the wall. The Trojans camp on the plain, their fires like stars.
Tap a line to open its words. The mark beside it plays it.
- 1
Saffron-robed Dawn spread over all the earth,
Metre
Ἠὼςμὲνκροκόπεπλος‖ἐκίδνατοπᾶσανἐπαἶαν
ἨὼςDawnἠώς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐκίδνατομὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκροκόπεπλοςsaffron-robedκροκόπεπλος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἠὼςἐκίδνατοspreadκίδναμαι · imperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπᾶσανallπᾶς · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies αἶανἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionαἶανearthαἶα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπ̓ - 2
and Zeus, who delights in thunder, called the gods to council
Metre
Ζεὺςδὲθεῶνἀγορὴν‖ποιήσατοτερπικέραυνος
ΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ποιήσατοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordθεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἀγορὴνἀγορὴνassemblyἀγορά · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ποιήσατοποιήσατοcalledποιέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτερπικέραυνοςwho delights in thunderτερπικέραυνος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ζεὺς - 3
upon the topmost peak of many-ridged Olympus;
Metre
ἀκροτάτῃκορυφῇ‖πολυδειράδοςΟὐλύμποιο
ἀκροτάτῃtopmostἄκρος · dative singular feminine superlative adjectivemodifies κορυφῇκορυφῇpeakκορυφή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ποιήσατοπολυδειράδοςmany-ridgedπολυδειράς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ΟὐλύμποιοΟὐλύμποιοOlympusὌλυμπος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κορυφῇ - 4
he spoke himself, and all the gods below him listened:
αὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδέandδέ · particlesentence particleσφthemσφεῖς · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ἀγόρευεἀγόρευεspokeἀγορεύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθεοὶgodsθεός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἄκουονδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionemphasizing particleπάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοὶἄκουονlistenedἀκούω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 5
"Hear me, all you gods and all you goddesses,
Metre
κέκλυτέμευπάντές‖τεθεοὶπᾶσαίτεθέαιναι
κέκλυτέhearκλύω · aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbμευmeἐγώ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of κέκλυτέπάντέςallπᾶς · vocative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleθεοὶgodsθεός · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headπᾶσαίallπᾶς · vocative plural feminine adjectivemodifies θέαιναιτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordθέαιναιgoddessesθέαινα · vocative plural feminine noungoverned by an elided head - 6
that I may speak what the heart in my breast commands.
Metre
ὄφρεἴπωτάμεθυμὸς‖ἐνὶστήθεσσικελεύει
ὄφρso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionεἴπωI may speakεἶπον · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to ὄφῤτάwhatὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounobjectμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubjectθυμὸςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κελεύειἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσιbreastστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounmodifies ἐνὶκελεύειcommandsκελεύω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of εἴπω - 7
Let no god, whether female or male,
Metre
μήτέτιςοὖνθήλεια‖θεὸςτόγεμήτέτιςἄρσην
μήτέneitherμήτε · particlesentence particleτιςanyτις · nominative singular feminine pronounmodifies θεὸςοὖνthenοὖν · particlesentence particleθήλειαfemaleθῆλυς · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies θεὸςθεὸςa godθεός · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectτόthisὁ · articleobjectγεat leastγε · particleemphasizing particleμήτέnorμήτε · particlecoordinating wordτιςanyτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifiesἄρσηνmaleἄρσην · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies - 8
attempt to cut across my word, but all together
πειράτωlet him attemptπειράω · present active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδιακέρσαιto cut acrossδιακείρω · aorist active infinitiveobject of πειράτωἐμὸνmyἐμός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔποςἔποςwordἔπος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of διακέρσαιἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἅμαtogetherἅμα · adverbadverbial to αἰνεῖτ̓πάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of αἰνεῖτ̓ - 9
approve it, so I may bring these deeds to pass most swiftly.
Metre
αἰνεῖτὄφρατάχιστα‖τελευτήσωτάδεἔργα
αἰνεῖτapproveαἰνέω · present active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbὄφραso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτάχισταmost swiftlyταχύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to τελευτήσωτελευτήσωbring to passτελευτάω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to ὄφρατάδεtheseὅδε · accusative plural neuter pronounmodifies ἔργαἔργαdeedsἔργον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of τελευτήσω - 10
Whomever I perceive apart from all the gods,
ὃνwhomὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of νοήσωδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἂνwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleἐγὼνIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of νοήσωἀπάνευθεapart fromἀπάνευθε · prepositionprepositionθεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounadverbial to ἀπάνευθεἐθέλονταwillingἐθέλω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementνοήσωI perceiveνοέω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbsubject of ἐλεύσεται - 11
going willingly to aid the Trojans or Danaans,
Metre
ἐλθόντἢΤρώεσσιν‖ἀρηγέμενἢΔαναοῖσι
ἐλθόντgoingἔρχομαι · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἢorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleΤρώεσσινto the TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἢἀρηγέμενto aidἀρήγω · present active infinitiveadverbial to ἐλθόντ̓ἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordΔαναοῖσιto the DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἢ - 12
shall come back beaten and dishonored to Olympus,
Metre
πληγεὶςοὐκατὰκόσμον‖ἐλεύσεταιΟὔλυμπονδέ
πληγεὶςbeatenπλήσσω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐλεύσεταιοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionκόσμονgood orderκόσμος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to κατὰἐλεύσεταιshall returnἔρχομαι · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΟὔλυμπονOlympusὌλυμπος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐλεύσεταιδέtowardδέ · particleemphasizing particle - 13
or I shall seize and hurl him into murky Tartarus,
Metre
ἤμινἑλὼνῥίψω‖ἐςΤάρταρονἠερόεντα
ἤorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ῥίψωἑλὼνhaving seizedαἱρέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ῥίψωῥίψωI shall hurlῥίπτω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionΤάρταρονTartarusΤάρταρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐςἠερόενταmurkyἠερόεις · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Τάρταρον - 14
far off, where the deepest gulf lies under earth,
Metre
τῆλεμάλἧχιβάθιστον‖ὑπὸχθονόςἐστιβέρεθρον
τῆλεfar offτῆλε · adverbadverbial to ῥίψωμάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleἧχιwhereἧχι · adverbadverbial to ἐστιβάθιστονdeepestβαθύς · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies βέρεθρονὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionχθονόςearthχθών · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ὑπὸἐστιisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ,βέρεθρονgulfβάραθρον · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἐστι - 15
where gates are made of iron, the threshold bronze,
Metre
ἔνθασιδήρειαί‖τεπύλαικαὶχάλκεοςοὐδός
ἔνθαthereἔνθα · adverbadverbialσιδήρειαίironσιδήρεος · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies πύλαιτεandτε · particlesentence particleπύλαιgatesπύλη · nominative plural feminine nounsubjectκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordχάλκεοςbronzeχάλκεος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies οὐδόςοὐδόςthresholdοὐδός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 16
as far beneath Hades as heaven is above the earth.
τόσσονso muchτόσος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἔνερθ̓ἔνερθbeneathἔνερθε · prepositionprepositionἈΐδεωof HadesἈΐδης · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to ἔνερθ̓ὅσονasὅσος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐστ̓οὐρανόςheavenοὐρανός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐστ̓ἐστisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τόσσονἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionγαίηςearthγαῖα · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἀπὸ - 17
Then he shall know how far I am the strongest of all gods.
Metre
γνώσετἔπειθὅσονεἰμὶ‖θεῶνκάρτιστοςἁπάντων
γνώσετhe shall knowγιγνώσκω · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔπειθthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to γνώσετ̓ὅσονhow farὅσος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to εἰμὶεἰμὶI amεἰμί · present active indicative, 1st singular verbobject of γνώσετ̓θεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies κάρτιστοςκάρτιστοςstrongestκράτιστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἁπάντωνof allἅπας · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεῶν - 18
Come then, you gods, make trial, so you all may know:
Metre
εἰἄγεπειρήσασθε‖θεοὶἵναεἴδετεπάντες
εἰcome nowεἰ · interjectionsentence particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄγεcomeἄγε · adverbsentence particleπειρήσασθεmake trialπειράω · aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbθεοὶgodsθεός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of πειρήσασθεἵναso thatἵνα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionεἴδετεknowοἶδα · perfect active subjunctive, 2nd plural verbadverbial to ἵναπάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of εἴδετε - 19
hang down a golden cable out of heaven,
Metre
σειρὴνχρυσείην‖ἐξοὐρανόθενκρεμάσαντες
σειρὴνcableσειρά · accusative singular feminine nounobject of κρεμάσαντεςχρυσείηνgoldenχρύσεος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies σειρὴνἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionοὐρανόθενfrom heavenοὐρανόθεν · adverbobject of ἐξκρεμάσαντεςhanging downκρεμάννυμι · aorist active participle, vocative plural masculineadverbial to ἐξάπτεσθε - 20
and all take hold, every god and goddess;
πάντέςallπᾶς · vocative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοὶτandτε · particlesentence particleἐξάπτεσθεtake holdἐξάπτω · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbθεοὶgodsθεός · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headπᾶσαίallπᾶς · vocative plural feminine adjectivemodifies θέαιναιτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordθέαιναιgoddessesθέαινα · vocative plural feminine noungoverned by an elided head - 21
yet you could never drag from heaven down to earth
Metre
ἀλλοὐκἂνἐρύσαιτ‖ἐξοὐρανόθενπεδίονδὲ
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἂνwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleἐρύσαιτyou could dragἐρύω · aorist active optative, 2nd plural verbmain verbἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionοὐρανόθενfrom heavenοὐρανόθεν · adverbobject of ἐξπεδίονearthπεδίον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐρύσαιτ̓δὲdownδέ · particleemphasizing particle - 22
Zeus, highest counselor, though you labored hard.
Metre
Ζῆνὕπατονμήστωρ‖οὐδεἰμάλαπολλὰκάμοιτε
ΖῆνZeusΖεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐρύσαιτ̓ὕπατονhighestὕπατος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ζῆν̓μήστωρcounselorμήστωρ · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Ζῆν̓εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleπολλὰmuchπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to κάμοιτεκάμοιτεyou should toilκάμνω · aorist active optative, 2nd plural verbadverbial to εἰ - 23
But whenever I myself should willingly choose to pull,
Metre
ἀλλὅτεδὴκαὶἐγὼ‖πρόφρωνἐθέλοιμιἐρύσσαι
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐθέλοιμιπρόφρωνwholeheartedlyπρόφρων · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐθέλοιμιchooseἐθέλω · present active optative, 1st singular verbadverbial to ὅτεἐρύσσαιto pullἐρύω · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἐθέλοιμι - 24
I would draw up the earth itself and sea itself;
Metre
αὐτῇκενγαίῃ‖ἐρύσαιμαὐτῇτεθαλάσσῃ
αὐτῇitselfαὐτός · dative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementκενwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleγαίῃearthγαῖα · dative singular feminine nounobject of τεἐρύσαιμI would drawἐρύω · aorist active optative, 1st singular verbmain verbαὐτῇitselfαὐτός · dative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordθαλάσσῃseaθάλασσα · dative singular feminine nounobject of τε - 25
then I would bind the cable round a peak of Olympus,
Metre
σειρὴνμένκενἔπειτα‖περὶῥίονΟὐλύμποιο
σειρὴνcableσειρά · accusative singular feminine nounobject of δησαίμηνμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκενwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to δησαίμηνπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionῥίονpeakῥίον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of περὶΟὐλύμποιοOlympusὌλυμπος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ῥίον - 26
and all of them would hang suspended in the air.
Metre
δησαίμηντὰδέαὖτε‖μετήοραπάνταγένοιτο
δησαίμηνI would bindδέω · aorist middle optative, 1st singular verbmain verbτὰthemὁ · nominative plural neuter pronounsubject of γένοιτοδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleαὖτεin turnαὖτε · adverbsentence particleμετήοραsuspended aloftμετήορος · nominative plural neuter adjectivepredicate nounπάνταallπᾶς · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τὰγένοιτοwould becomeγίγνομαι · aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 27
So far above both gods and mortals do I stand."
Metre
τόσσονἐγὼπερίεἰμὶ‖θεῶνπερίεἴμἀνθρώπων
τόσσονso farτόσος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to τ̓ἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of τ̓περίaboveπερί · prepositionemphasizing particleτandτε · particlesentence particleεἰμὶI standεἰμί · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbθεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounobject of εἰμὶπερίaboveπερί · prepositionemphasizing particleτandτε · particlecoordinating wordεἴμI standεἰμί · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἀνθρώπωνmenἄνθρωπος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of εἴμ̓ - 28
So he spoke, and they all became still in silence;
Metre
ὣςἔφαθοἱἄραπάντες‖ἀκὴνἐγένοντοσιωπῇ
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφαθ̓ἔφαθhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοἱtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐγένοντοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleπάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies οἱἀκὴνin silenceἀκήν · adverbadverbial to ἐγένοντοἐγένοντοbecameγίγνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbσιωπῇin silenceσιωπή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐγένοντο - 29
astonished at his words, for he had spoken sternly.
Metre
μῦθονἀγασσάμενοι‖μάλαγὰρκρατερῶςἀγόρευσεν
μῦθονwordμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀγασσάμενοιἀγασσάμενοιmarveled atἄγαμαι · aorist participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐγένοντομάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleκρατερῶςsternlyκρατερός · adverbadverbial to ἀγόρευσενἀγόρευσενhe spokeἀγορεύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 30
At last the goddess, bright-eyed Athena, spoke among them:
Metre
ὀψὲδὲδὴμετέειπε‖θεὰγλαυκῶπιςἈθήνη
ὀψὲat lastὀψέ · adverbadverbial to μετέειπεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleμετέειπεspokeμετεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθεὰgoddessθεά · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectγλαυκῶπιςbright-eyedγλαυκῶπις · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἈθήνηἈθήνηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject - 31
"Our father, son of Cronos, highest of all rulers,
ὦoὦ · interjectionsentence particleπάτερfatherπάτηρ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἡμέτερεourἡμέτερος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πάτερΚρονίδηson of CronosΚρονίδης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headὕπατεhighestὕπατος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Κρονίδηκρειόντωνof rulersκρείων · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ὕπατε - 32
we too know well your strength cannot be resisted.
Metre
εὖνυκαὶἡμεῖςἴδμεν‖ὅτοισθένοςοὐκἐπιεικτόν
εὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to ἴδμεννυthenνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἴδμενκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἡμεῖςweἐγώ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἴδμενἴδμενknowοἶδα · perfect active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbὅthatὅς · accusative singular neuter pronounsubordinating conjunctionτοιyourσύ · dative singular pronounmodifies σθένοςσθένοςstrengthσθένος · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἐπιεικτόνto be resistedἐπιεικτός · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate noun - 33
Yet still we mourn the Danaan spearmen,
Metre
ἀλλἔμπηςΔαναῶν‖ὀλοφυρόμεθαἰχμητάων
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἔμπηςstillἔμπας · adverbadverbial to ὀλοφυρόμεθ̓Δαναῶνof the DanaansΔαναός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies αἰχμητάωνὀλοφυρόμεθwe mournὀλοφύρομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbαἰχμητάωνspearmenαἰχμητής · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ὀλοφυρόμεθ̓ - 34
who now shall fill their wretched fate and perish.
Metre
οἵκενδὴκακὸνοἶτον‖ἀναπλήσαντεςὄλωνται
οἵwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ὄλωνταικενmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleκακὸνevilκακός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies οἶτονοἶτονdoomοἶτος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀναπλήσαντεςἀναπλήσαντεςhaving fulfilledἀναπίμπλημι · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ὄλωνταιὄλωνταιshall perishὄλλυμι · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing αἰχμητάων - 35
Still, we shall keep away from war, as you command;
Metre
ἀλλἤτοιπολέμου‖μὲνἀφεξόμεθὡςσὺκελεύεις
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleπολέμουwarπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀφεξόμεθ̓μὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἀφεξόμεθhold backἀπέχω · future middle indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbὡςasὡς · adverbadverbial to κελεύειςσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of κελεύειςκελεύειςcommandκελεύω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ἀφεξόμεθ̓ - 36
but we shall offer counsel to the Argives that may help them,
Metre
βουλὴνἈργείοις‖ὑποθησόμεθἥτιςὀνήσει
βουλὴνcounselβουλή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ὑποθησόμεθ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἈργείοιςto the ArgivesἈργεῖος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ὑποθησόμεθ̓ὑποθησόμεθwe shall offerὑποτίθημι · future middle indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbἥwhichὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ὀνήσειτιςperhapsτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἥὀνήσειwill helpὀνίνημι · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing βουλὴν - 37
so all do not perish beneath your wrath."
Metre
ὡςμὴπάντεςὄλωνται‖ὀδυσσαμένοιοτεοῖο
ὡςso thatὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὴnotμή · particleemphasizing particleπάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ὄλωνταιὄλωνταιshall perishὄλλυμι · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὡςὀδυσσαμένοιοunder the wrathὀδύσσομαι · aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculineadverbial to ὄλωνταιτεοῖοof youσύ · genitive singular pronounsubject of ὀδυσσαμένοιο - 38
Then Zeus the cloud-gatherer smiled and spoke to her:
Metre
τὴνἐπιμειδήσας‖προσέφηνεφεληγερέταΖεύς
τὴνherὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of προσέφηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπιμειδήσαςsmilingἐπιμειδάω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηsaidπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνεφεληγερέταcloud-gathererνεφεληγερέτα · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΖεύςΖεύςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 39
"Take heart, Tritogeneia, my dear child. I do not speak
Metre
θάρσειΤριτογένεια‖φίλοντέκοςοὔνύτιθυμῷ
θάρσειtake heartθαρσέω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbΤριτογένειαTritogeneiaΤριτογένεια · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided headφίλονdearφίλος · vocative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τέκοςτέκοςchildτέκος · vocative singular neuter noungoverned by an elided headοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleνύnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to μυθέομαιτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to μυθέομαιθυμῷheartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to μυθέομαι - 40
from a willing heart; I mean to deal with you gently."
Metre
πρόφρονιμυθέομαι‖ἐθέλωδέτοιἤπιοςεἶναι
πρόφρονιwholeheartedlyπρόφρων · dative singular adjectivemodifies θυμῷμυθέομαιI speakμυθέομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἐθέλωwishἐθέλω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτοιto youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of εἶναιἤπιοςgentleἤπιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounεἶναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of ἐθέλω - 41
So speaking, he yoked beneath his car his bronze-hoofed horses,
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνὑπὄχεσφι‖τιτύσκετοχαλκόποδἵππω
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to τιτύσκετοὑπbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionὄχεσφιchariotὄχος · dative plural neuter nounobject of ὑπ̓τιτύσκετοyokedτιτύσκομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχαλκόποδbronze-hoofedχαλκόπους · accusative dual masculine nounmodifies ἵππωἵππωhorsesἵππος · accusative dual masculine nounobject of τιτύσκετο - 42
swift-flying, with their flowing manes of gold;
Metre
ὠκυπέταχρυσέῃσιν‖ἐθείρῃσινκομόωντε
ὠκυπέταswift-flyingὠκυπέτης · accusative dual masculine nounmodifiesχρυσέῃσινgoldenχρύσεος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἐθείρῃσινἐθείρῃσινmanesἔθειρα · dative plural feminine nounobject of κομόωντεκομόωντεlong-hairedκομάω · present active participle, accusative dual masculinemodifies - 43
he clothed his own body round in gold and took
χρυσὸνgoldχρυσός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔδυνεδandδέ · particlesentence particleαὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔδυνεput onδύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionχροΐfleshχρώς · dative singular masculine nounobject of περὶγέντοtookγέντο · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἱμάσθληνwhipἱμάσθλη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of γέντο - 44
his well-made golden whip, then mounted his chariot,
Metre
χρυσείηνεὔτυκτον‖ἑοῦἐπεβήσετοδίφρου
χρυσείηνgoldenχρύσεος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἱμάσθληνεὔτυκτονwell-madeεὔτυκτος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἱμάσθληνἑοῦhis ownἑός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies δίφρουδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐπεβήσετοhe mountedἐπιβαίνω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδίφρουchariotδίφρος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐπεβήσετο - 45
and lashed them on; the willing pair flew forward
μάστιξενcracked the whipμαστίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐλάανto driveἐλαύνω · present active infinitiveadverbial to μάστιξεντὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of πετέσθηνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἀέκοντεunwillingἀέκων · nominative dual masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπετέσθηνflewπέτομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verb - 46
midway between the earth and starry heaven.
Metre
μεσσηγὺςγαίης‖τεκαὶοὐρανοῦἀστερόεντος
μεσσηγὺςbetweenμεσηγύ · prepositionprepositionγαίηςlandγαῖα · genitive singular feminine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordοὐρανοῦheavenοὐρανός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of καὶἀστερόεντοςstarryἀστερόεις · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies οὐρανοῦ - 47
He came to many-springed Ida, mother of wild beasts,
Metre
Ἴδηνἵκανεν‖πολυπίδακαμητέραθηρῶν
ἼδηνIdaἼδη · accusative singular feminine nounobjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἵκανενreachedἱκάνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπολυπίδακαmany-springedπολυπῖδαξ · accusative singular feminine nounmodifies Ἴδηνμητέραmotherμήτηρ · accusative singular feminine nounobjectθηρῶνwild beastsθήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies μητέρα - 48
to Gargaron, where he had his precinct and fragrant altar.
Metre
Γάργαρονἔνθάτέοἱ‖τέμενοςβωμόςτεθυήεις
ΓάργαρονGargaronΓάργαρον · accusative singular neuter nounobjectἔνθάwhereἔνθα · adverbadverbialτέandτε · particlesentence particleοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies τετέμενοςprecinctτέμενος · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectβωμόςaltarβωμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordθυήειςfragrantθυήεις · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies βωμός - 49
There the father of men and gods halted his horses,
Metre
ἔνθἵππουςἔστησε‖πατὴρἀνδρῶντεθεῶντε
ἔνθthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to δ̓ἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἔστησεἔστησεhaltedἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπατὴρfatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓ἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τετεandτε · particlesentence particleθεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 50
loosed them from the car, and poured thick mist around them.
Metre
λύσαςἐξὀχέων‖κατὰἠέραπουλὺνἔχευεν
λύσαςloosedλύω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔστησεἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionὀχέωνthe chariotὄχος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἐξκατὰdownκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἠέραmistἀήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔχευενπουλὺνthickπολύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἠέραἔχευενpouredχέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 51
He sat upon the peaks, exulting in his glory,
αὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionκορυφῇσιover the peaksκορυφή · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνκαθέζετοsatκαθέζομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκύδεϊgloryκῦδος · dative singular neuter nounobject of γαίωνγαίωνexultingγαίω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to καθέζετο - 52
gazing on Troy's city and the ships of the Achaeans.
Metre
εἰσορόωνΤρώων‖τεπόλινκαὶνῆαςἈχαιῶν
εἰσορόωνgazing atεἰσοράω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to καθέζετοΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies πόλιντεandτε · particlesentence particleπόλινcityπόλις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies νῆας - 53
The long-haired Achaeans took their meal
Metre
οἳἄραδεῖπνονἕλοντο‖κάρηκομόωντεςἈχαιοὶ
οἳtheyὁ · articlesubjectδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleδεῖπνονmealδεῖπνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἕλοντοἕλοντοtookαἱρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκάρηheadκάρα · accusative singular neuter nounmodifies κομόωντεςκομόωντεςlong-hairedκομάω · present active participle, nominative plural masculinemodifies ἈχαιοὶἈχαιοὶAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject - 54
swiftly by the huts, and there put on their armor.
Metre
ῥίμφακατὰκλισίας‖ἀπὸαὐτοῦθωρήσσοντο
ῥίμφαswiftlyῥίμφα · adverbadverbial to ἕλοντοκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionκλισίαςthe hutsκλισία · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to κατὰἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὐτοῦthereαὐτός · genitive singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἀπὸθωρήσσοντοarmedθωρήσσω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 55
The Trojans, on the other side, armed throughout the city,
ΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ὁπλίζοντοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖθagainαὖτε · adverbsentence particleἑτέρωθενon the other sideἑτέρωθεν · adverbadverbial to ὁπλίζοντοἀνὰthroughἀνά · prepositionprepositionπτόλινthe cityπόλις · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀνὰὁπλίζοντοarmedὁπλίζω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 56
fewer in number, yet still intent on fighting
Metre
παυρότεροιμέμασαν‖δὲκαὶὧςὑσμῖνιμάχεσθαι
παυρότεροιfewerπαῦρος · nominative plural masculine comparative adjectivecircumstantial complementμέμασανwere eagerμέμαα · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleὧςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to μάχεσθαιὑσμῖνιin the meleeὑσμίνη · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to μάχεσθαιμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of μέμασαν - 57
under harsh need, for their children and their wives.
Metre
χρειοῖἀναγκαίῃ‖πρότεπαίδωνκαὶπρὸγυναικῶν
χρειοῖneedχρεώ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to μάχεσθαιἀναγκαίῃharshἀναγκαῖος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χρειοῖπρόforπρό · prepositionprepositionτεandτε · particlesentence particleπαίδωνchildrenπαῖς · genitive plural masculine nounadverbial to πρόκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπρὸforπρό · prepositionprepositionγυναικῶνwivesγυνή · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to πρὸ - 58
All gates swung open and the army poured outside,
πᾶσαιallπᾶς · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies πύλαιδandδέ · particlesentence particleὠΐγνυντοwere thrown openοἴγω · imperfect passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπύλαιgatesπύλη · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ὠΐγνυντοἐκoutἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔσσυτοpouredσεύω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbλαόςmenλαός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of , - 59
footmen and horsemen; and a great din arose.
Metre
πεζοίἱππῆές‖τεπολὺςὀρυμαγδὸςὀρώρει
πεζοίfootmenπεζός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of τεθandτε · particlesentence particleἱππῆέςhorsemenἱππεύς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordπολὺςgreatπολύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὀρυμαγδὸςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὀρυμαγδὸςdinὀρυμαγδός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὀρώρειὀρώρειaroseὄρνυμι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 60
Now when the two sides, coming together, met in one place,
Metre
οἳὅτεδήἐςχῶρον‖ἕναξυνιόντεςἵκοντο
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of δ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδήindeedδή · particlesentence particleῥthenἆρα · particlesentence particleἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionχῶρονplaceχῶρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐςἕναoneεἷς · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies χῶρονξυνιόντεςcoming togetherσύνειμι · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἵκοντοἵκοντοthey reachedἱκνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὅτε - 61
they dashed together shield on shield, and spears, and the fury of men
Metre
σύνἔβαλονῥινούς‖σὺνἔγχεακαὶμένεἀνδρῶν
σύνtogetherσύν · prepositionemphasizing particleῥthenἆρα · particleemphasizing particleἔβαλονdashedβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbῥινούςshieldsῥινός · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἔβαλονσὺνwithσύν · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔγχεαspearsἔγχος · accusative plural neuter nounobjectκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμένεfuryμένος · accusative plural neuter nounobjectἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies μένἐ - 62
clad in bronze corselets; and the bossed shields
Metre
χαλκεοθωρήκων‖ἀτὰρἀσπίδεςὀμφαλόεσσαι
χαλκεοθωρήκωνbronze-armoredχαλκεοθωρήξ · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνδρῶνἀτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἀσπίδεςshieldsἀσπίς · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἔπληντ̓ὀμφαλόεσσαιbossedὀμφαλόεις · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἀσπίδες - 63
pressed against one another, and a great din arose.
Metre
ἔπληντἀλλήλῃσι‖πολὺςὀρυμαγδὸςὀρώρει
ἔπληντpressedπελάζω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀλλήλῃσιone anotherἀλλήλων · dative plural feminine adjectiveobject of ἔπληντ̓πολὺςgreatπολύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὀρυμαγδὸςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὀρυμαγδὸςdinὀρυμαγδός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὀρώρειὀρώρειaroseὄρνυμι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 64
There at once were the groaning and the boasting of men,
Metre
ἔνθαἅμοἰμωγή‖τεκαὶεὐχωλὴπέλενἀνδρῶν
ἔνθαthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to δ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἅμtogetherἅμα · adverbadverbial to πέλενοἰμωγήgroaningοἰμωγή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordεὐχωλὴboastingεὐχωλή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶπέλενwasπέλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καὶ - 65
of those who slew and those who were slain, and the earth ran with blood.
Metre
ὀλλύντωντεκαὶὀλλυμένων‖ῥέεαἵματιγαῖα
ὀλλύντωνslayingὄλλυμι · present active participle, genitive plural masculinemodifies καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὀλλυμένωνbeing slainὄλλυμι · present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculinemodifies καὶῥέεranῥέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαἵματιwith bloodαἷμα · dative singular neuter nounobject of ῥέεγαῖαearthγαῖα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ῥέε - 66
As long as morning lasted and the sacred day grew stronger,
Metre
ὄφραμὲνἠὼςἦν‖καὶἀέξετοἱερὸνἦμαρ
ὄφραas long asὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἠὼςDawnἠώς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἦνἦνwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀέξετοgrew strongerἀέξω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶἱερὸνholyἱερός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦμαρἦμαρdayἦμαρ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἀέξετο - 67
the weapons struck both sides, and the people fell.
Metre
τόφραμάλἀμφοτέρων‖βέλεἥπτετοπῖπτεδὲλαός
τόφραmeanwhileτόφρα · adverbadverbial to δὲμάλveryμάλα · adverbadverbial to ἥπτετοἀμφοτέρωνof bothἀμφότερος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies βέλἐβέλεweaponsβέλος · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of ἥπτετοἥπτετοstruckἅπτω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπῖπτεfellπίπτω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordλαόςmenλαός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πῖπτε - 68
But when the Sun had reached the middle of heaven,
ἦμοςwhenἦμος · adverbsubordinating conjunctionδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἨέλιοςthe sunἥλιος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀμφιβεβήκειμέσονmiddleμέσος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies οὐρανὸνοὐρανὸνheavenοὐρανός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀμφιβεβήκειἀμφιβεβήκειhad reachedἀμφιβαίνω · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἦμος - 69
the father raised his golden scales and stretched them level;
καὶalsoκαί · adverbsentence particleτότεthenτότε · adverbadverbial to ἐτίταινεδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleχρύσειαgoldenχρύσεος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τάλανταπατὴρfatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐτίταινεἐτίταινεstretchedτιταίνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτάλανταscalesτάλαντον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐτίταινε - 70
within he set two fates of death that lays men low,
ἐνinἐν · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐτίθειhe setτίθημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδύοtwoδύο · numeralmodifies κῆρεκῆρεfatesκήρ · accusative dual masculine nounobject of ἐτίθειτανηλεγέοςbringing long painτανηλεγής · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies θανάτοιοθανάτοιοof deathθάνατος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κῆρε - 71
of the horse-taming Trojans and the bronze-clad Achaeans,
Metre
Τρώωνἱπποδάμων‖καὶἈχαιῶνχαλκοχιτώνων
Τρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καὶθandτε · particlesentence particleἱπποδάμωνhorse-tamingἱππόδαμος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρώωνκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies καὶ - 72
then held the midpoint; the Achaeans' fated day sank down.
Metre
ἕλκεδὲμέσσαλαβών‖ῥέπεαἴσιμονἦμαρἈχαιῶν
ἕλκεhe heldἕλκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμέσσαmidpointμέσος · accusative plural neuter adjectivecircumstantial complementλαβώνgraspingλαμβάνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἕλκεῥέπεsankῥέπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαἴσιμονfatedαἴσιμος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦμαρἦμαρdayἦμαρ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ῥέπεἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἦμαρ - 73
The Achaeans' fates settled upon the all-nurturing earth,
Metre
αἳμὲνἈχαιῶνκῆρες‖ἐπὶχθονὶπουλυβοτείρῃ
μὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies κῆρεςκῆρεςfatesκήρ · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἑζέσθηνἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionχθονὶearthχθών · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπὶ - 74
while those of Troy rose upward toward broad heaven.
Metre
ἑζέσθηνΤρώων‖δὲπρὸςοὐρανὸνεὐρὺνἄερθεν
ἑζέσθηνsettledἕζομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifiesδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπρὸςtoπρός · prepositionprepositionοὐρανὸνheavenοὐρανός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of πρὸςεὐρὺνwideεὐρύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies οὐρανὸνἄερθενwere liftedἀείρω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 75
Then from Ida he thundered terribly and hurled
αὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionἼδηςof Idaἴδη · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐξμεγάλaloudμέγας · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἔκτυπεἔκτυπεthunderedκτυπέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδαιόμενονblazingδαίω · present medio-passive participle, accusative singular neutermodifies σέλαςδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating word - 76
a blazing flash among the Achaean host; they saw it,
Metre
ἧκεσέλαςμετὰλαὸν‖Ἀχαιῶνοἳδὲἰδόντες
ἧκεhurledἵημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbσέλαςflashσέλας · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἧκεμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionλαὸνhostλαός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of μετὰἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies λαὸνοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of θάμβησανδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleἰδόντεςseeingεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to θάμβησαν - 77
stood stunned, and pale fear seized them all.
Metre
θάμβησανκαὶπάντας‖ὑπὸχλωρὸνδέοςεἷλεν
θάμβησανstood stunnedθαμβέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπάνταςallπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of εἷλενὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionemphasizing particleχλωρὸνpaleχλωρός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δέοςδέοςfearδέος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of εἷλενεἷλενseizedαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 78
Then neither Idomeneus dared remain, nor Agamemnon,
Metre
ἔνθοὔτἸδομενεὺς‖τλῆμίμνεινοὔτἈγαμέμνων
ἔνθʼthenἔνθα · adverbadverbialοὔτʼneitherοὔτε · conjunctioncoordinating wordἸδομενεὺςIdomeneusἸδομενεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τλῆτλῆdaredτλάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbHomeric unaugmented aorist of τλάω, 'have the heart/courage to' — governs the infinitive μίμνειν.
μίμνεινto remainμίμνω · present active infinitivecomplement of τλῆοὔτʼnorοὔτε · conjunctioncoordinating wordἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τλῆSecond subject coordinated with Ἰδομενεὺς under the οὔτε ... οὔτε pair; τλῆ applies to both.
- 79
nor did the two Ajaxes hold, attendants of Ares.
Metre
οὔτεδύΑἴαντες‖μενέτηνθεράποντεςἌρηος
δύtwoδύο · numeralmodifies ΑἴαντεςΑἴαντεςAjaxesΑἴας · nominative plural masculine nounsubjectμενέτηνheld firmμένω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbθεράποντεςhenchmenθεράπων · nominative plural masculine nounsubjectἌρηοςof AresἌρης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θεράποντες - 80
Nestor alone remained, the Gerenian guard of the Achaeans,
Metre
Νέστωροἶοςἔμιμνε‖ΓερήνιοςοὖροςἈχαιῶν
ΝέστωρNestorΝέστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectοἶοςaloneοἶος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔμιμνεremainedμίμνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΓερήνιοςGerenianΓερήνιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Νέστωροὖροςguardοὖρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies οὖρος - 81
not willingly: a horse was stricken, shot by an arrow
Metre
οὔτιἑκώνἀλλἵππος‖ἐτείρετοτὸνβάλενἰῷ
οὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounemphasizing particleἑκώνby choiceἑκών · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἵπποςhorseἵππος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐτείρετοἐτείρετοwas strickenτείρω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτὸνitὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of βάλενβάλενstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἵπποςἰῷwith an arrowἰός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to βάλεν - 82
godlike Paris, husband of lovely-haired Helen.
δῖοςgodlikeδῖος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈλέξανδροςἈλέξανδροςParisἈλέξανδρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἙλένηςHelen'sἙλένη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies πόσιςπόσιςhusbandπόσις · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἠϋκόμοιοlovely-hairedεὔκομος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἑλένης - 83
It struck the crown, where first the horse's mane-hairs
Metre
ἄκρηνκὰκκορυφήν‖ὅθιτεπρῶταιτρίχεςἵππων
ἄκρηνtopmostἄκρος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κορυφήνκὰκonκατά · prepositionprepositionκορυφήνcrownκορυφή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of κὰκὅθιwhereὅθι · adverbadverbial to δὲτεandτε · particlesentence particleπρῶταιfirstπρῶτος · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies τρίχεςτρίχεςhairsθρίξ · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἐμπεφύασιἵππωνof horsesἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τρίχες - 84
grow rooted in the skull, the deadliest spot.
Metre
κρανίῳἐμπεφύασι‖μάλισταδὲκαίριόνἐστιν
κρανίῳskullκρανίον · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἐμπεφύασιἐμπεφύασιgrow rootedἐμφύω · perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing δὲμάλισταabove allμάλιστα · adverbadverbial to καίριόνδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαίριόνdeadliestκαίριος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἐστινisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δὲ - 85
In pain it reared; the arrow entered through the brain,
ἀλγήσαςin painἀλγέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀνέπαλτοδandδέ · particlesentence particleἀνέπαλτοrearedἀναπάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβέλοςshaftβέλος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of δῦδandδέ · particlesentence particleεἰςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἐγκέφαλονbrainἐγκέφαλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εἰςδῦenteredδύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 86
and rolling round the bronze it threw the team in tumult.
Metre
σὺνἵππουςἐτάραξε‖κυλινδόμενοςπερὶχαλκῷ
σὺνtogetherσύν · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐτάραξεἐτάραξεthrew into tumultταράσσω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκυλινδόμενοςrolling aroundκυλίνδω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐτάραξεπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionχαλκῷbronzeχαλκοῦς · dative singular masculine nounobject of περὶ - 87
While the old man rushed to cut the trace-horse's harness
Metre
ὄφρὁγέρωνἵπποιο‖παρηορίαςἀπέταμνε
ὄφρwhileὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionὁtheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies γέρωνγέρωνold manγέρων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπέταμνεἵπποιοhorse'sἵππος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies παρηορίαςπαρηορίαςtrace-linesπαρηορία · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἀπέταμνεἀπέταμνεwas cuttingἀποτέμνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὄφῤ - 88
with his sword, Hector's swift horses came
Metre
φασγάνῳἀΐσσων‖τόφρἝκτοροςὠκέεςἵπποι
φασγάνῳwith his swordφάσγανον · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἀΐσσωνἀΐσσωνrushingἀίσσω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀπέταμνετόφρmeanwhileτόφρα · adverbadverbial to ἦλθονἝκτοροςHector'sἝκτωρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἵπποιὠκέεςswiftὠκύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵπποιἵπποιhorsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἦλθον - 89
through the rout, bearing their bold charioteer,
Metre
ἦλθονἀνἰωχμὸν‖θρασὺνἡνίοχονφορέοντες
ἦλθονcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀνthroughἀνά · prepositionprepositionἰωχμὸνroutἰωχμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀν̓θρασὺνfierceθρασύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἰωχμὸνἡνίοχονdriverἡνίοχος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectφορέοντεςcarryingφορέω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἦλθον - 90
Hector; and the old man there would have lost his life
Metre
Ἕκτορακαίνύκενἔνθ‖ὁγέρωνἀπὸθυμὸνὄλεσσεν
ἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobjectκαίandκαί · adverbsentence particleνύnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ὄλεσσενκενwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleἔνθthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ὄλεσσενὁtheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies γέρωνγέρωνold manγέρων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὄλεσσενἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionemphasizing particleθυμὸνlifeθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὄλεσσενὄλεσσενwould have lostὄλλυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 91
had Diomedes, good at the war-cry, not swiftly seen.
Metre
εἰμὴἄρὀξὺνόησε‖βοὴνἀγαθὸςΔιομήδης
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὴnotμή · particleemphasizing particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὀξὺswiftlyὀξύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to νόησενόησεhad seenνοέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἰβοὴνat the war-cryβοή · accusative singular feminine nounmodifies ἀγαθὸςἀγαθὸςgoodἀγαθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιομήδηςΔιομήδηςDiomedesΔιομήδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of νόησε - 92
He shouted terribly, urging Odysseus:
σμερδαλέονterriblyσμερδαλέος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐβόησενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐβόησενshoutedβοάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐποτρύνωνurgingἐποτρύνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐβόησενὈδυσῆαOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐποτρύνων - 93
"Odysseus, son of Laertes, sprung from Zeus, of many devices,
Metre
διογενὲςΛαερτιάδη‖πολυμήχανὈδυσσεῦ
διογενὲςsprung from Zeusδιογενής · vocative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ὈδυσσεῦΛαερτιάδηson of LaertesΛαερτιάδης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headπολυμήχανof many devicesπολυμήχανος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσσεῦὈδυσσεῦOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided head - 94
why flee, turning your back like a coward in the press?
Metre
πῇφεύγειςμετὰνῶτα‖βαλὼνκακὸςὣςἐνὁμίλῳ
πῇwhyπῆ · pronounobject of φεύγειςφεύγειςfleeφεύγω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbμετὰamongμετά · prepositionemphasizing particleνῶταbackνῶτον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of βαλὼνβαλὼνturningβάλλω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to φεύγειςκακὸςcowardκακός · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubjectὣςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionὁμίλῳthe pressὅμιλος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial - 95
Beware that as you flee no one plant a spear in your back.
Metre
μήτίςτοιφεύγοντι‖μεταφρένῳἐνδόρυπήξῃ
μήbeware lestμή · adverbsubordinating conjunctionτίςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of πήξῃτοιto youσύ · dative singular pronounmodifies μεταφρένῳφεύγοντιfleeingφεύγω · present active participle, dative singular masculinecircumstantial complementμεταφρένῳyour backμετάφρενον · dative singular neuter nounobject of πήξῃἐνinἐν · prepositionemphasizing particleδόρυspearδόρυ · accusative neuter nounobject of πήξῃπήξῃplantπήγνυμι · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to μή - 96
Stand fast, so we may drive the savage man from Nestor."
Metre
ἀλλὰμένὄφραγέροντος‖ἀπώσομενἄγριονἄνδρα
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleμένstand fastμένω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbὄφραso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionγέροντοςold manγέρων · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀπώσομενἀπώσομενdrive awayἀπωθέω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to ὄφραἄγριονsavageἄγριος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἄνδραἄνδραmanἀνήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀπώσομεν - 97
So he spoke, but much-enduring godlike Odysseus did not heed him,
Metre
ὣςἔφατοὐδἐσάκουσε‖πολύτλαςδῖοςὈδυσσεύς
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατspokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐσάκουσεheedεἰσακούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδῖοςgodlikeδῖος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσσεύςὈδυσσεύςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐσάκουσε - 98
but swept on past toward the hollow ships of the Achaeans.
Metre
ἀλλὰπαρήϊξεν‖κοίλαςἐπὶνῆαςἈχαιῶν
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordπαρήϊξενrushed pastπαραίσσω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκοίλαςhollowκοῖλος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςἐπὶtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπὶἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies νῆας - 99
The son of Tydeus, though alone, went among the foremost fighters
Metre
Τυδεΐδηςαὐτός‖περἐὼνπρομάχοισινἐμίχθη
Τυδεΐδηςson of TydeusΤυδείδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καίδandδέ · particlesentence particleαὐτόςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἐὼνbeingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐμίχθηπρομάχοισινforemost fightersπρόμαχος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐμίχθηἐμίχθηjoinedμίγνυμι · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 100
and stood before the horses of Neleus' aged son,
Metre
στῆδὲπρόσθἵππων‖Νηληϊάδαογέροντος
στῆstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπρόσθbeforeπρόσθεν · prepositionprepositionἵππωνhorsesἵππος · genitive plural feminine nounobject of πρόσθ̓Νηληϊάδαοson of NeleusΝηληιάδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἵππωνγέροντοςoldγέρων · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Νηληϊάδαο - 101
and speaking to him, he addressed him with winged words:
Metre
καίμινφωνήσας‖ἔπεαπτερόενταπροσηύδα
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσηύδαφωνήσαςspeakingφωνέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσηύδαἔπεαwordsἔπος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of προσηύδαπτερόενταwingedπτερόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔπεαπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 102
"Old man, young warriors wear you down sorely;
Metre
ὦγέρονἦμάλαδή‖σενέοιτείρουσιμαχηταί
ὦoὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleγέρονold manγέρων · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleμάλαveryμάλα · adverbadverbial to τείρουσιδήindeedδή · particlesentence particleσεyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of τείρουσινέοιyoung menνέος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies μαχηταίτείρουσιwear downτείρω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbμαχηταίwarriorsμαχητής · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τείρουσι - 103
your strength is broken, and harsh age attends you,
Metre
σὴδὲβίηλέλυται‖χαλεπὸνδέσεγῆραςὀπάζει
σὴyourσός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies βίηδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleβίηstrengthβία · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of λέλυταιλέλυταιloosedλύω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχαλεπὸνharshχαλεπός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies γῆραςδέandδέ · particlesentence particleσεyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of ὀπάζειγῆραςold ageγῆρας · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ὀπάζειὀπάζειattendsὀπάζω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 104
your attendant is feeble and your horses slow.
Metre
ἠπεδανὸςδένύτοι‖θεράπωνβραδέεςδέτοιἵπποι
ἠπεδανὸςfeebleἠπεδανός · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounδέandδέ · particlesentence particleνύnowνῦν · adverbadverbialτοιyourσύ · dative singular pronounmodifies θεράπωνθεράπωνattendantθεράπων · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectβραδέεςslowβραδύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτοιyourσύ · dative singular pronounmodifies ἵπποιἵπποιhorsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject - 105
Come, mount my chariot, so you may see
Metre
ἀλλἄγἐμῶνὀχέων‖ἐπιβήσεοὄφραἴδηαι
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἄγcomeἄγε · adverbsentence particleἐμῶνmyἐμός · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies ὀχέωνὀχέωνthe chariotὄχος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἐπιβήσεοἐπιβήσεοmountἐπιβαίνω · aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbὄφραso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἴδηαιyou may seeεἶδον · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ὄφρα - 106
what the horses of Tros are like, trained across the plain
Metre
οἷοιΤρώϊοιἵπποι‖ἐπιστάμενοιπεδίοιο
οἷοιwhat sortοἷος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementΤρώϊοιof TrosΤρώιος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵπποιἵπποιhorsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubjectἐπιστάμενοιskilledἐπίσταμαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculinepredicate nounπεδίοιοacross the plainπεδίον · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἠδὲ - 107
to chase swiftly here and there, and to flee.
Metre
κραιπνὰμάλἔνθακαὶἔνθα‖διωκέμενἠδὲφέβεσθαι
κραιπνὰswiftlyκραιπνός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἠδὲμάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleἔνθαhereἔνθα · adverbobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἔνθαthereἔνθα · adverbobject of καὶδιωκέμενto chase, pursueδιώκω · present active infinitiveobject of ἠδὲἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordφέβεσθαιto fleeφέβομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἠδὲ - 108
Once I took them from Aeneas, those two devisers of rout.
Metre
οὕςποτἀπΑἰνείαν‖ἑλόμηνμήστωρεφόβοιο
οὕςwhomὅς · accusative plural masculine pronounobjectποτonceποτέ · particlesentence particleἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionΑἰνείανAeneasΑἰνείας · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀπ̓ἑλόμηνI tookαἱρέω · aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verbverb of a clause describing ἵπποιμήστωρεmastersμήστωρ · accusative dual masculine nounobjectφόβοιοof routφόβος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies μήστωρε - 109
Let these two attendants tend your team, while we two
Metre
τούτωμὲνθεράποντε‖κομείτωντώδεδὲνῶϊ
τούτωthese twoοὗτος · accusative dual masculine adjectiveobject of κομείτωνμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleθεράποντεattendantsθεράπων · nominative dual masculine nounsubject of κομείτωνκομείτωνtendκομέω · present active imperative, 3rd dual verbmain verbτώδεthese twoὅδε · nominative dual masculine pronounobject of ἰθύνομενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordνῶϊwe twoἐγώ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of ἰθύνομεν - 110
drive mine against the horse-taming Trojans, so Hector too
Metre
Τρωσὶνἐφἱπποδάμοις‖ἰθύνομενὄφρακαὶἝκτωρ
Τρωσὶνthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐφ̓ἐφagainstἐπί · prepositionprepositionἱπποδάμοιςhorse-tamingἱππόδαμος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρωσὶνἰθύνομενlet us driveἰθύνω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbὄφραso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εἴσεται - 111
may learn whether my spear rages in my hands."
Metre
εἴσεταιεἰκαὶἐμὸν‖δόρυμαίνεταιἐνπαλάμῃσιν
εἴσεταιwill learnοἶδα · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὄφραεἰwhetherεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἐμὸνmyἐμός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δόρυδόρυspearδόρυ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of μαίνεταιμαίνεταιragesμαίνομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of εἰἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionπαλάμῃσινhandsπαλάμη · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐν - 112
So he spoke, and Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, did not disobey.
Metre
ὣςἔφατοὐδἀπίθησε‖ΓερήνιοςἱππόταΝέστωρ
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατspokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀπίθησεdid not disobeyἀπιθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΓερήνιοςGerenianΓερήνιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἱππόταἱππόταhorsemanἱππότης · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectΝέστωρNestorΝέστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 113
Then the two attendants tended Nestor's horses,
Metre
Νεστορέαςμὲνἔπειθ‖ἵππουςθεράποντεκομείτην
ΝεστορέαςNestor'sΝέστωρ · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἔπειθthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to κομείτηνἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural feminine nounobject of κομείτηνθεράποντεattendantsθεράπων · nominative dual masculine nounsubjectκομείτηνtendedκομέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verb - 114
mighty Sthenelus and manly Eurymedon.
Metre
ἴφθιμοιΣθένελός‖τεκαὶΕὐρυμέδωνἀγαπήνωρ
ἴφθιμοιmightyἴφθιμος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies καὶΣθένελόςSthenelusΣθένελος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΕὐρυμέδωνEurymedonΕὐρυμέδων · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἀγαπήνωρmanlyἀγαπήνωρ · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Εὐρυμέδων - 115
The two men mounted Diomedes' chariot together;
Metre
τὼεἰςἀμφοτέρω‖Διομήδεοςἅρματαβήτην
τὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of βήτηνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordεἰςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἀμφοτέρωbothἀμφότερος · nominative dual masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementΔιομήδεοςDiomedes'Διομήδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἅρματαἅρματαthe chariotἅρμα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of εἰςβήτηνmountedβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verb - 116
Nestor took the shining reins into his hands
Metre
Νέστωρἐνχείρεσσι‖λάβἡνίασιγαλόεντα
ΝέστωρNestorΝέστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionχείρεσσιhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνλάβseizedλαμβάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἡνίαreinsἡνία · accusative plural neuter nounobject of λάβ̓σιγαλόενταshiningσιγαλόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἡνία - 117
and lashed the horses; soon they drew near Hector.
μάστιξενcracked the whipμαστίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural feminine nounobject of μάστιξεντάχαsoonτάχα · adverbadverbial to γένοντοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἝκτοροςHectorἝκτωρ · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἄγχιἄγχιnearἄγχι · prepositionprepositionγένοντοdrew nearγίγνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 118
As he rushed straight on, the son of Tydeus cast his spear.
Metre
τοῦἰθὺςμεμαῶτος‖ἀκόντισεΤυδέοςυἱός
τοῦat himὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of ἀκόντισεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἰθὺςstraight onἰθύς · adverbadverbial to ἀκόντισεμεμαῶτοςeagerμέμαα · perfect active participle, genitive singular masculinecircumstantial complementἀκόντισεcastἀκοντίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΤυδέοςof TydeusΤυδεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱόςυἱόςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀκόντισε - 119
He missed Hector, but struck his attendant charioteer,
καὶalsoκαί · adverbsentence particleτοῦhimὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of ἀφάμαρτενμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἀφάμαρτενmissedἀφαμαρτάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἡνίοχονdriverἡνίοχος · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies θεράπονταθεράπονταattendantθεράπων · accusative singular masculine nounobject - 120
Eniopeus, son of great-hearted Thebaeus,
Metre
υἱὸνὑπερθύμου‖ΘηβαίουἨνιοπῆα
υἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectὑπερθύμουhigh-spiritedὑπέρθυμος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΘηβαίουΘηβαίουThebaeusΘηβαῖος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνἨνιοπῆαEniopeusἨνιοπεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject - 121
beside the nipple in the chest as he held the horses' reins.
Metre
ἵππωνἡνίἔχοντα‖βάλεστῆθοςπαρὰμαζόν
ἵππωνhorses'ἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἡνί̓ἡνίreinsἡνίον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔχονταἔχονταholdingἔχω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementβάλεstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbστῆθοςchestστῆθος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of βάλεπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionμαζόνnippleμαστός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to παρὰ - 122
He fell from the chariot, and his swift-footed horses swerved away,
Metre
ἤριπεἐξὀχέων‖ὑπερώησανδέοἱἵπποι
ἤριπεfellἐρείπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionὀχέωνthe chariotὄχος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἐξὑπερώησανswerved awayὑπερωέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἵπποιἵπποιhorsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ὑπερώησαν - 123
and there his life and strength were loosed.
Metre
ὠκύποδεςτοῦαὖθι‖λύθηψυχήτεμένοςτε
ὠκύποδεςswift-footedὠκύπους · nominative plural masculine nounmodifies ἵπποιτοῦhisὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies τεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖθιthereαὖθι · adverbadverbial to λύθηλύθηloosedλύω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbψυχήlifeψυχή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleμένοςstrengthμένος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 124
Dread grief for his charioteer covered Hector's heart,
Metre
Ἕκτορααἰνὸνἄχος‖πύκασεφρέναςἡνιόχοιο
ἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of πύκασεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαἰνὸνterribleαἰνός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἄχοςἄχοςgriefἄχος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of πύκασεπύκασεcoveredπυκάζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφρέναςmindφρήν · accusative plural masculine nounobject of πύκασεἡνιόχοιοdriverἡνίοχος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἄχος - 125
but he left him lying there, though grieving for his comrade,
Metre
τὸνμὲνἔπειτεἴασε‖καὶἀχνύμενόςπερἑταίρου
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of κεῖσθαιμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἔπειτthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to εἴασεεἴασεletἐάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἀχνύμενόςgrievingἀχεύω · present passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἴασεπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἑταίρουcomradeἑταῖρος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀχνύμενός - 126
and sought a bold charioteer; his horses did not long
Metre
κεῖσθαιὃἡνίοχον‖μέθεπεθρασύνοὐδἄρἔτιδὴν
κεῖσθαιto lieκεῖμαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of εἴασεὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἡνίοχονdriverἡνίοχος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of μέθεπεμέθεπεsoughtμεθέπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθρασύνfierceθρασύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἡνίοχονἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔτιstillἔτι · adverbemphasizing particleδὴνlongδήν · adverbadverbial to δευέσθην - 127
lack a driver, for at once he found
Metre
ἵππωδευέσθην‖σημάντοροςαἶψαγὰρεὗρεν
ἵππωhorsesἵππος · nominative dual masculine nounsubject of δευέσθηνδευέσθηνwere lackingδεύω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbσημάντοροςa driverσημάντωρ · genitive singular masculine nounobject of δευέσθηναἶψαat onceαἶψα · adverbadverbial to εὗρενγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleεὗρενfoundεὑρίσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 128
bold Archeptolemus, son of Iphitus, whom he mounted
Metre
ἸφιτίδηνἈρχεπτόλεμον‖θρασύνὅνῥατόθἵππων
Ἰφιτίδηνson of IphitusἸφιτίδης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈρχεπτόλεμονἈρχεπτόλεμονArcheptolemusἈρχεπτόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εὗρενθρασύνfierceθρασύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀρχεπτόλεμονὅνwhomὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπέβησεῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτόθthereτόθι · adverbadverbial to ἐπέβησεἵππωνhorsesἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἐπέβησε - 129
behind the swift-footed horses and gave the reins into his hands.
Metre
ὠκυπόδωνἐπέβησε‖δίδουδέοἱἡνίαχερσίν
ἐπέβησεmountedἐπιβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδίδουgaveδίδωμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of δίδουἡνίαreinsἡνία · accusative plural neuter nounobject of δίδουχερσίνin his handsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of δίδου - 130
Then ruin would have come, and deeds beyond all remedy,
Metre
ἔνθάκελοιγὸςἔην‖καὶἀμήχαναἔργαγένοντο
ἔνθάthenἔνθα · adverbadverbial to καὶκεwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleλοιγὸςruinλοιγός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔηνἔηνwould have comeεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀμήχαναbeyond remedyἀμήχανος · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔργαἔργαdeedsἔργον · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of γένοντογένοντοwould have happenedγίγνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 131
and they would have been penned in Ilion like lambs,
Metre
καίνύκεσήκασθεν‖κατὰἼλιονἠΰτεἄρνες
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνύnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to σήκασθενκεwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleσήκασθενwere pennedσηκάζω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionἼλιονIlionἼλιος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of κατὰἠΰτεasἠύτε · particleadverbialἄρνεςlambsἀρνός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject - 132
had the father of men and gods not swiftly seen.
Metre
εἰμὴἄρὀξὺνόησε‖πατὴρἀνδρῶντεθεῶντε
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὴnotμή · particleemphasizing particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὀξὺswiftlyὀξύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to νόησενόησεhad noticedνοέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἰπατὴρfatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of νόησεἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τετεandτε · particlesentence particleθεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 133
He thundered dreadfully and loosed a blazing thunderbolt,
Metre
βροντήσαςἄραδεινὸν‖ἀφῆκἀργῆτακεραυνόν
βροντήσαςhaving thunderedβροντάω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀφῆκ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleδεινὸνterriblyδεινός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to βροντήσαςἀφῆκloosedἀφήκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀργῆταgleamingἀργής · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies κεραυνόνκεραυνόνthunderboltκεραυνός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀφῆκ̓ - 134
and cast it to the ground before Diomedes' horses.
Metre
κὰδδὲπρόσθἵππων‖Διομήδεοςἧκεχαμᾶζε
κὰδdownκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπρόσθbeforeπρόσθεν · prepositionprepositionἵππωνhorsesἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of πρόσθ̓ΔιομήδεοςDiomedesΔιομήδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἵππωνἧκεsentἵημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχαμᾶζεto the groundχαμᾶζε · adverbobject of ἧκε - 135
A dreadful flame rose up from burning sulfur;
Metre
δεινὴδὲφλὸξὦρτο‖θεείουκαιομένοιο
δεινὴterribleδεινός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies φλὸξδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleφλὸξflameφλόξ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ὦρτοὦρτοaroseὄρνυμι · aorist indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθεείουsulfurθεῖον · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies φλὸξκαιομένοιοburningκαίω · present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neutermodifies θεείου - 136
the horses, terrified, crouched beneath the car.
Metre
τὼἵππωδείσαντε‖καταπτήτηνὑπὄχεσφι
τὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine articlemodifies ἵππωδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἵππωhorsesἵππος · nominative dual masculine nounsubject of καταπτήτηνδείσαντεhaving taken frightδείδω · aorist active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to καταπτήτηνκαταπτήτηνcrouchedκαταπέτομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbὑπbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionὄχεσφιcarὄχος · dative plural neuter nounobject of ὑπ̓ - 137
The shining reins slipped from Nestor's hands,
Metre
Νέστοραἐκχειρῶν‖φύγονἡνίασιγαλόεντα
ΝέστοραNestorνέστωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of φύγονδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionχειρῶνhandsχείρ · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἐκφύγονslippedφεύγω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἡνίαreinsἡνία · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of φύγονσιγαλόενταshiningσιγαλόεις · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἡνία - 138
and fear took his heart; he spoke to Diomedes:
Metre
δεῖσεὅἐνθυμῷ‖Διομήδεαδὲπροσέειπε
δεῖσεwas afraidδείδω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δὲγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionθυμῷheartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνΔιομήδεαDiomedesΔιομήδης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προσέειπεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπροσέειπεaddressedπροσεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 139
"Son of Tydeus, turn your single-hoofed horses back in flight.
Τυδεΐδηson of TydeusΤυδείδης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἄγεturnἄγω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbsentence particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτεin turnαὖτε · adverbsentence particleφόβονin flightφόβος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔχεδintoδέ · particleemphasizing particleἔχεdirectἔχω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbμώνυχαςsingle-hoofedμῶνυξ · accusative plural masculine nounmodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἔχε - 140
Do you not know that strength from Zeus does not attend you?
Metre
ἦοὐγιγνώσκεις‖ὅτοιἐκΔιὸςοὐχἕπετἀλκή
ἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγιγνώσκειςdo you knowγιγνώσκω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbὅthatὅς · accusative singular neuter pronounsubordinating conjunctionτοιto youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of ἕπετ̓ἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐκοὐχnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἕπετattendsἕπομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of ὅἀλκήstrengthἀλκή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἕπετ̓ - 141
For now the son of Cronos grants glory to this man
Metre
νῦνμὲνγὰρτούτῳ‖ΚρονίδηςΖεὺςκῦδοςὀπάζει
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ὀπάζειμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτούτῳthis manοὗτος · dative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ὀπάζειΚρονίδηςson of CronosΚρονίδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΖεὺςΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὀπάζεικῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ὀπάζειὀπάζειgrantsὀπάζω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 142
today; another time he will give it also to us, if he wills.
Metre
σήμερονὕστεροναὖτε‖καὶἡμῖναἴἐθέλῃσι
σήμερονtodayσήμερον · adverbadverbial to ὀπάζειὕστερονlaterὕστερον · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to δώσειαὖτεin turnαὖτε · adverbadverbial to δώσεικαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἡμῖνfor usἐγώ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of δώσειαἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleἐθέλῃσιhe willsἐθέλω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to αἴ - 143
No man could ever drag the mind of Zeus aside,
Metre
δώσειἀνὴρδέκενοὔ‖τιΔιὸςνόονεἰρύσσαιτο
δώσειhe will giveδίδωμι · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀνὴρmanἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εἰρύσσαιτοδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκενcouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to εἰρύσσαιτοΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies νόοννόονmindνόος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εἰρύσσαιτοεἰρύσσαιτοdrag asideἐρύω · aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 144
however mighty, since he is far stronger."
μάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleἴφθιμοςmightyἴφθιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleπολὺfarπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveemphasizing particleφέρτερόςstrongerφέρτατος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐστιisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶ - 145
Then Diomedes, good at the war-cry, answered him:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἠμείβετ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἠμείβετansweredἀμείβω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἠμείβετ̓βοὴνat the war-cryβοή · accusative singular feminine nounmodifies ἀγαθὸςἀγαθὸςgoodἀγαθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιομήδηςΔιομήδηςDiomedesΔιομήδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠμείβετ̓ - 146
"Yes, old man, all this you have spoken rightly and in due order.
Metre
ναὶδὴταῦτάγεπάντα‖γέρονκατὰμοῖρανἔειπες
ναὶyesναί · adverbsentence particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleταῦτάthisοὗτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἔειπεςγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleπάνταallπᾶς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ταῦτάγέρονold manγέρων · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionμοῖρανdue measureμοῖρα · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to κατὰἔειπεςyou spokeεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 147
But this dread grief reaches my heart and spirit:
Metre
ἀλλὰτόδαἰνὸνἄχος‖κραδίηνκαὶθυμὸνἱκάνει
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordτόδthisὅδε · nominative singular neuter pronounsubject of ἄχοςαἰνὸνterribleαἰνός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἄχοςἄχοςgriefἄχος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἱκάνεικραδίηνheartκραδίας · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordθυμὸνspiritθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἱκάνειreachesἱκάνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 148
Hector one day will boast among the Trojans,
Metre
Ἕκτωργάρποτεφήσει‖ἐνὶΤρώεσσἀγορεύων
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of φήσειγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleποτεone dayποτέ · particleadverbial to φήσειφήσειwill boastφημί · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionΤρώεσσthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐνὶἀγορεύωνspeakingἀγορεύω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to φήσει - 149
'The son of Tydeus fled before me and reached the ships.'
Metre
Τυδεΐδηςὑπἐμεῖο‖φοβεύμενοςἵκετονῆας
Τυδεΐδηςson of TydeusΤυδείδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἵκετοὑπbeforeὑπό · prepositionprepositionἐμεῖοmeἐγώ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of ὑπ̓φοβεύμενοςfleeingφοβέω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἵκετοἵκετοreachedἱκνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἵκετο - 150
So he will boast; then may the broad earth gape for me."
Metre
ὥςποτἀπειλήσει‖τότεμοιχάνοιεὐρεῖαχθών
ὥςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἀπειλήσειποτone dayποτέ · particleadverbial to ἀπειλήσειἀπειλήσειwill boastἀπειλέω · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτότεthenτότε · adverbadverbial to χάνοιμοιmeἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of χάνοιχάνοιmay gapeχάσκω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbεὐρεῖαwideεὐρύς · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χθώνχθώνearthχθών · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of χάνοι - 151
Then Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, answered him:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἠμείβετ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἠμείβετansweredἀμείβω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἠμείβετ̓ΓερήνιοςGerenianΓερήνιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἱππόταἱππόταhorsemanἱππότης · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectΝέστωρNestorΝέστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 152
"Ah, son of Tydeus the wise, what have you said?
Metre
ὤμοιΤυδέοςυἱὲ‖δαΐφρονοςοἷονἔειπες
ὤahὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleμοιmeἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounsentence particleΤυδέοςof TydeusΤυδεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὲυἱὲsonυἱός · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headδαΐφρονοςwiseδαίφρων · genitive singular adjectivemodifies Τυδέοςοἷονwhatοἷος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveobject of ἔειπεςἔειπεςyou spokeεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 153
Though Hector call you cowardly and weak,
Metre
εἴπεργάρἝκτωρ‖γεκακὸνκαὶἀνάλκιδαφήσει
εἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπερindeedπέρ · particlesentence particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleσyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of φήσειἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of φήσειγεevenγε · particleemphasizing particleκακὸνcowardlyκακός · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordφήσειshould callφημί · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἴ - 154
the Trojans and Dardanians will not believe him,
Metre
ἀλλοὐπείσονται‖ΤρῶεςκαὶΔαρδανίωνες
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleπείσονταιwill believeπείθω · future middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleΔαρδανίωνεςDardaniansΔαρδάνιων · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 155
nor the wives of the great-hearted shield-bearing Trojans,
Metre
καὶΤρώωνἄλοχοι‖μεγαθύμωνἀσπιστάων
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies ἄλοχοιἄλοχοιwivesἄλοχος · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of καὶμεγαθύμωνgreat-heartedμεγάθυμος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀσπιστάωνἀσπιστάωνshield-bearersἀσπιστής · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies Τρώων - 156
whose vigorous husbands you struck down in dust."
Metre
τάωνἐνκονίῃσι‖βάλεςθαλεροὺςπαρακοίτας
τάωνof theseὁ · genitive plural feminine pronounmodifies παρακοίταςἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionκονίῃσιthe dustκονία · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνβάλεςstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἄλοχοιθαλεροὺςvigorousθαλερός · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies παρακοίταςπαρακοίταςhusbandsπαρακοίτης · accusative plural masculine nounobject of βάλες - 157
So speaking, he turned the single-hoofed horses back in flight,
Metre
ὣςἄραφωνήσας‖φύγαδετράπεμώνυχαςἵππους
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φωνήσαςἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleφωνήσαςspeakingφωνέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to τράπεφύγαδεin flightφύγαδε · adverbobject of τράπετράπεturnedτρέπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμώνυχαςsingle-hoofedμῶνυξ · accusative plural masculine nounmodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of τράπε - 158
once more through the rout; and Hector and the Trojans
Metre
αὖτιςἀνἰωχμόν‖ἐπὶδὲΤρῶέςτεκαὶἝκτωρ
αὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbadverbial to τράπεἀνthroughἀνά · prepositionprepositionἰωχμόνroutἰωχμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀν̓ἐπὶafter themἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΤρῶέςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 159
with wondrous clamor poured their groan-bringing missiles after them.
Metre
ἠχῇθεσπεσίῃ‖βέλεαστονόενταχέοντο
ἠχῇwith a roarἠχή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to χέοντοθεσπεσίῃwondrousθεσπέσιος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἠχῇβέλεαmissilesβέλος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of χέοντοστονόενταgroan-bringingστονόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies βέλεαχέοντοpouredχέω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 160
Then great Hector of the flashing helm shouted after him:
Metre
τῷἐπὶμακρὸνἄϋσε‖μέγαςκορυθαίολοςἝκτωρ
τῷhimὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπὶδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπὶafterἐπί · prepositionprepositionμακρὸνloudlyμακρός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἄϋσεἄϋσεcried outαὔω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμέγαςgreatμέγας · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτωρκορυθαίολοςof the flashing helmκορυθαίολος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἄϋσε - 161
"Son of Tydeus, the swift-horsed Danaans honored you above all
Metre
Τυδεΐδηπερὶμέν‖σετίονΔαναοὶταχύπωλοι
Τυδεΐδηson of TydeusΤυδείδης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headπερὶabove allπερί · prepositionemphasizing particleμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleσεyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of τίοντίονhonoredτίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbΔαναοὶDanaansΔαναοί · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τίονταχύπωλοιswift-horsedταχύπωλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Δαναοὶ - 162
with the seat of honor, meat, and brimming cups;
Metre
ἕδρῃτεκρέασίν‖τεἰδὲπλείοιςδεπάεσσι
ἕδρῃseatἕδρα · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἰδὲτεandτε · particlesentence particleκρέασίνmeatκρέας · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἰδὲτεandτε · particlesentence particleἰδὲandἰδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordπλείοιςfullπλέως · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δεπάεσσιδεπάεσσιcupsδέπας · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἰδὲ - 163
now they shall dishonor you: you have become a woman.
Metre
νῦνδέἀτιμήσουσι‖γυναικὸςἄρἀντὶτέτυξο
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἀτιμήσουσιδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of ἀτιμήσουσιἀτιμήσουσιshall dishonorἀτιμάω · future active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbγυναικὸςwomanγυνή · genitive singular feminine nounpredicate nounἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἀντὶin place ofἀντί · prepositionprepositionτέτυξοyou have becomeτεύχω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 164
Begone, you wretched doll! Since I shall not yield,
Metre
ἔρρεκακὴγλήνη‖ἐπεὶοὐκεἴξαντοςἐμεῖο
ἔρρεbegoneἔρρω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbκακὴevilκακός · vocative singular feminine adjectivemodifies γλήνηγλήνηdollγλήνη · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided headἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleεἴξαντοςyieldingεἴκω · aorist active participle, genitive singular masculineadverbial to ἐπιβήσεαιἐμεῖοmeἐγώ · genitive singular masculine pronounsubject of εἴξαντος - 165
you shall not mount our towers, nor carry off our women
Metre
πύργωνἡμετέρων‖ἐπιβήσεαιοὐδὲγυναῖκας
πύργωνtowersπύργος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἐπιβήσεαιἡμετέρωνourἡμέτερος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies πύργωνἐπιβήσεαιmountἐπιβαίνω · future middle indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to δὲγυναῖκαςwomenγυνή · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἄξεις - 166
in ships; before that I shall give you death."
Metre
ἄξειςἐννήεσσι‖πάροςτοιδαίμοναδώσω
ἄξειςcarry offἄγω · future active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to δὲἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionνήεσσιshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐνπάροςbeforeπάρος · adverbadverbial to δώσωτοιto youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of δώσωδαίμοναdeathδαίμων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of δώσωδώσωI shall giveδίδωμι · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 167
So he spoke; the son of Tydeus divided in his purpose,
Metre
ὣςφάτοΤυδεΐδης‖δὲδιάνδιχαμερμήριξεν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάτοφάτοspokeφημί · aorist indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΤυδεΐδηςson of TydeusΤυδείδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of μερμήριξενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδιάνδιχαtwo waysδιάνδιχα · adverbadverbial to μερμήριξενμερμήριξενdebatedμερμηρίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 168
whether to turn the horses and fight him face to face.
Metre
ἵππουςτεστρέψαι‖καὶἐναντίβιονμαχέσασθαι
ἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural feminine nounobject of στρέψαιτεandτε · particlesentence particleστρέψαιto turnστρέφω · aorist active infinitiveobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐναντίβιονface to faceἐναντίβιος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to μαχέσασθαιμαχέσασθαιto fightμάχομαι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of καὶ - 169
Three times he weighed it in his heart and spirit,
Metre
τρὶςμὲνμερμήριξε‖κατὰφρένακαὶκατὰθυμόν
τρὶςthree timesτρίς · adverbadverbial to μερμήριξεμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleμερμήριξεdebatedμερμηρίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionφρέναhis heartφρήν · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to κατὰκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionθυμόνspiritθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to κατὰ - 170
and three times Zeus the counselor thundered from Ida's mountains,
τρὶςthree timesτρίς · adverbadverbial to κτύπεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionἸδαίωνof IdaἸδαῖος · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies ὀρέωνὀρέωνmountainsὄρος · genitive plural neuter nounadverbial to ἀπ̓κτύπεthunderedκτυπέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμητίεταthe counselorμητίετα · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΖεὺςΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κτύπε - 171
giving the Trojans a sign that victory had turned.
Metre
σῆματιθεὶςΤρώεσσι‖μάχηςἑτεραλκέανίκην
σῆμαsignσῆμα · accusative singular neuter nounobjectτιθεὶςgivingτίθημι · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κτύπεΤρώεσσιthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of τιθεὶςμάχηςbattleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies νίκηνἑτεραλκέαbattle-turningἑτεραλκής · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νίκηννίκηνvictoryνίκη · accusative singular feminine nounobject - 172
Then Hector called to the Trojans with a far-carrying shout:
Metre
ἝκτωρδὲΤρώεσσιν‖ἐκέκλετομακρὸνἀΰσας
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐκέκλετοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΤρώεσσινto the TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐκέκλετοἐκέκλετοcalledκέλομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμακρὸνfar-carryingμακρός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀΰσαςἀΰσαςshoutingαὔω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐκέκλετο - 173
"Trojans and Lycians and Dardanians, close fighters,
Metre
ΤρῶεςκαὶΛύκιοι‖καὶΔάρδανοιἀγχιμαχηταὶ
ΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleΛύκιοιLyciansΛύκιοι · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΔάρδανοιDardaniansΔάρδανος · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headἀγχιμαχηταὶclose fightersἀνχιμαχητής · vocative plural masculine adjectivemodifies καὶ - 174
be men, my friends, and remember your furious valor,
Metre
ἀνέρεςἔστεφίλοι‖μνήσασθεδὲθούριδοςἀλκῆς
ἀνέρεςmenἀνήρ · nominative plural masculine nounpredicate nounἔστεbeεἰμί · present active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbφίλοιfriendsφίλος · vocative plural masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headμνήσασθεrememberμιμνήσκω · aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordθούριδοςfuriousθοῦρος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀλκῆςἀλκῆςvalorἀλκή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of μνήσασθε - 175
for I know the son of Cronos willingly nodded to grant me
Metre
γιγνώσκωὅτιμοι‖πρόφρωνκατένευσεΚρονίων
γιγνώσκωI knowγιγνώσκω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅτιthatὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμοιmeἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of κατένευσεπρόφρωνwholeheartedlyπρόφρων · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementκατένευσεpledgedκατανεύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of ἀτὰρΚρονίωνthe son of CronosΚρονίων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀτὰρ - 176
victory and great glory, and ruin to the Danaans.
Metre
νίκηνκαὶμέγακῦδος‖ἀτὰρΔαναοῖσίγεπῆμα
νίκηνvictoryνίκη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κῦδοςκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶἀτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordΔαναοῖσίthe DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobjectγεat leastγε · particleemphasizing particleπῆμαbaneπῆμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject - 177
Fools, to devise these walls, so weak
Metre
νήπιοιοἳἄραδὴ‖τάδετείχεαμηχανόωντο
νήπιοιfoolsνήπιος · nominative plural masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headοἳwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of μηχανόωντοἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleτάδεtheseὅδε · accusative plural neuter pronounmodifies τείχεατείχεαwallsτεῖχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of μηχανόωντομηχανόωντοwere devisingμηχανάομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing νήπιοι - 178
and worthless; they shall never check our strength.
Metre
ἀβλήχροὐδενόσωρα‖τὰοὐμένοςἁμὸνἐρύξει
ἀβλήχρweakἀβληχρός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifiesοὐδενόσωραworthlessοὐδενόσωρος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifiesτὰthese thingsὁ · nominative plural neuter pronounsubject of ἐρύξειδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐρύξειἁμὸνourἁμός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies μένοςἐρύξειwill checkἐρύκω · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 179
Our horses will leap lightly over the dug trench.
ἵπποιhorsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ὑπερθορέονταιδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordῥέαwith easeῥέα · adverbadverbial to ὑπερθορέονταιτάφρονtrenchτάφρος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ὑπερθορέονταιὑπερθορέονταιwill leap overὑπερθρῴσκω · future middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὀρυκτήνdugὀρυκτός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies τάφρον - 180
But when I come among the hollow ships,
Metre
ἀλλὅτεκενδὴνηυσὶν‖ἔπιγλαφυρῇσιγένωμαι
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκενshouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleνηυσὶνthe shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἔπιἔπιatἐπί · prepositionprepositionγλαφυρῇσιhollowγλαφυρός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶνγένωμαιI comeγίγνομαι · aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to ὅτε - 181
let someone then remember consuming fire,
Metre
μνημοσύνητιςἔπειτα‖πυρὸςδηΐοιογενέσθω
μνημοσύνηremembranceμνημοσύνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of γενέσθωτιςsomeτις · nominative singular feminine pronounmodifies μνημοσύνηἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to γενέσθωπυρὸςfireπῦρ · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies μνημοσύνηδηΐοιοconsumingδάιος · genitive singular neuter adjectivemodifies πυρὸςγενέσθωlet there beγίγνομαι · aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 182
so I may burn their ships and kill the Argives
Metre
ὡςπυρὶνῆαςἐνιπρήσω‖κτείνωδὲκαὶαὐτοὺς
ὡςso thatὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπυρὶfireπῦρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐνιπρήσωνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνιπρήσωἐνιπρήσωburnἐμπρήθω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to δὲκτείνωI may killκτείνω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to δὲδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleαὐτοὺςthemαὐτός · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀργείους - 183
beside them, dazed beneath the smoke."
Metre
Ἀργείουςπαρὰνηυσὶν‖ἀτυζομένουςὑπὸκαπνοῦ
ἈργείουςArgivesἈργεῖος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of κτείνωπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶνthe shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to παρὰἀτυζομένουςdazedἀτύζω · present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complementὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionκαπνοῦsmokeκαπνός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ὑπὸ - 184
So speaking, he called aloud and cried to his horses:
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνἵπποισιν‖ἐκέκλετοφώνησέντε
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐκέκλετοἵπποισινhorsesἵππος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐκέκλετοἐκέκλετοcalledκέλομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφώνησένspokeφωνέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 185
"Xanthus, and you, Podargus, Aethon, and noble Lampus,
Metre
ΞάνθέτεκαὶσὺΠόδαργε‖καὶΑἴθωνΛάμπέτεδῖε
ΞάνθέXanthusΞάνθος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronoungoverned by an elided headΠόδαργεPodargusπόδαργος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleΑἴθωνAethonΑἴθων · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headΛάμπέLampusΛάμπος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordδῖεgodlikeδῖος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Λάμπέ - 186
now repay the tending, all the care
Metre
νῦνμοιτὴνκομιδὴν‖ἀποτίνετονἣνμάλαπολλὴν
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἀποτίνετονμοιmeἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀποτίνετοντὴνtheὁ · accusative singular feminine articlemodifies κομιδὴνκομιδὴνcareκομιδή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀποτίνετονἀποτίνετονrepayἀποτίνω · present active imperative, 2nd dual verbmain verbἣνwhichὅς · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ἔθηκενμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleπολλὴνmuchπολύς · accusative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 187
Andromache, daughter of great-hearted Eetion,
Metre
Ἀνδρομάχηθυγάτηρ‖μεγαλήτοροςἨετίωνος
ἈνδρομάχηAndromacheἈνδρομάχη · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectθυγάτηρdaughterθυγάτηρ · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectμεγαλήτοροςgreat-heartedμεγαλήτωρ · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἨετίωνοςἨετίωνοςEetionἨετίων · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θυγάτηρ - 188
gave you first, setting honey-sweet wheat before you
Metre
ὑμῖνπὰρπροτέροισι‖μελίφροναπυρὸνἔθηκεν
ὑμῖνyouσύ · dative plural pronounobject of πὰρπὰρbeforeπαρά · prepositionprepositionπροτέροισιfirstπρότερος · dative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementμελίφροναhoney-sweetμελίφρων · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies πυρὸνπυρὸνwheatπυρός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔθηκενἔθηκενsetτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing κομιδὴν - 189
and mixing wine to drink whenever your spirit urged,
οἶνόνwineοἶνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐγκεράσασατandτε · particleemphasizing particleἐγκεράσασαmixingἐγκεράννυμι · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἔθηκενπιεῖνto drinkπίνω · aorist active infinitiveadverbial to ἐγκεράσασαὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionθυμὸςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀνώγοιἀνώγοιbidsἄνωγα · present active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτε - 190
before she served me, though I boast I am her vigorous husband.
ἢthanἤ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἐμοίmeἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἢὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εὔχομαιπέρindeedπέρ · particlesentence particleοἱherἕ · dative singular feminine pronounmodifies πόσιςθαλερὸςstrong youngθαλερός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πόσιςπόσιςhusbandπόσις · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate nounεὔχομαιI claimεὔχομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbverb of a clause describing ἐμοίεἶναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of εὔχομαι - 191
Come, follow close and hurry, so we may seize
Metre
ἀλλἐφομαρτεῖτον‖καὶσπεύδετονὄφραλάβωμεν
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἐφομαρτεῖτονfollow closeἐφομαρτέω · present active imperative, 2nd dual verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordσπεύδετονhurryσπεύδω · present active imperative, 2nd dual verbmain verbὄφραso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionλάβωμενwe may seizeλαμβάνω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to αὐτὰρ - 192
the shield of Nestor, whose fame now reaches heaven,
Metre
ἀσπίδαΝεστορέην‖τῆςνῦνκλέοςοὐρανὸνἵκει
ἀσπίδαshieldἀσπίς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of λάβωμενΝεστορέηνNestor'sΝεστόρεος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀσπίδατῆςwhoseὁ · genitive singular feminine pronounmodifies κλέοςνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἵκεικλέοςfameκλέος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἵκειοὐρανὸνheavenοὐρανός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἵκειἵκειreachesἵκω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἀσπίδα - 193
for all of it is gold, both shield and crossbars,
Metre
πᾶσανχρυσείην‖ἔμεναικανόναςτεκαὶαὐτήν
πᾶσανentirelyπᾶς · accusative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementχρυσείηνgoldenχρύσεος · accusative singular feminine adjectivepredicate nounἔμεναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitivemodifies κλέοςκανόναςcrossbarsκανών · accusative plural masculine nounadverbial to καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordαὐτήνthe shield itselfαὐτός · accusative singular feminine adjectiveadverbial to καὶ - 194
and from the shoulders of Diomedes, tamer of horses, take
Metre
αὐτὰρἀπὤμοιιν‖Διομήδεοςἱπποδάμοιο
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionὤμοιινshouldersὦμος · genitive dual masculine nounobjectΔιομήδεοςDiomedesΔιομήδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ὤμοιινἱπποδάμοιοtamer of horsesἱππόδαμος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Διομήδεος - 195
the richly wrought corselet Hephaestus labored to make.
Metre
δαιδάλεονθώρηκα‖τὸνἭφαιστοςκάμετεύχων
δαιδάλεονrichly wroughtδαιδάλεος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θώρηκαθώρηκαcorseletθώραξ · accusative singular masculine nounobjectτὸνwhichὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of κάμεἭφαιστοςHephaestusἭφαιστος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κάμεκάμεtoiledκάμνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing θώρηκατεύχωνfashioningτεύχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κάμε - 196
If we should take these two, I would hope the Achaeans
Metre
εἰτούτωκελάβοιμεν‖ἐελποίμηνκενἈχαιοὺς
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτούτωthese twoοὗτος · accusative dual masculine adjectiveobject of λάβοιμενκεwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleλάβοιμενtakeλαμβάνω · aorist active optative, 1st plural verbadverbial to εἰἐελποίμηνI would hopeἔλπω · present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verbmain verbκενwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleἈχαιοὺςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἐπιβησέμεν - 197
would board their swift ships this very night."
Metre
αὐτονυχὶνηῶν‖ἐπιβησέμενὠκειάων
αὐτονυχὶthis very nightαὐτονυχί · adverbadverbial to ἐπιβησέμεννηῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἐπιβησέμενἐπιβησέμενto boardἐπιβαίνω · future active infinitiveobject of ἐελποίμηνὠκειάωνswiftὠκύς · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηῶν - 198
So he spoke in boast; queenly Hera was angered,
Metre
ὣςἔφατεὐχόμενος‖νεμέσησεδὲπότνιαἭρη
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατspokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbεὐχόμενοςboastingεὔχομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔφατ̓νεμέσησεwas angeredνεμεσάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπότνιαqueenlyπότνια · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἭρηἭρηHeraἭρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καί - 199
and shook upon her throne, making long Olympus tremble.
Metre
σείσατοεἰνὶθρόνῳ‖ἐλέλιξεδὲμακρὸνὌλυμπον
σείσατοshookσείω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleεἰνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionθρόνῳthroneθρόνον · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to εἰνὶἐλέλιξεmade trembleἐλελίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleμακρὸνlongμακρός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὌλυμπονὌλυμπονOlympusὌλυμπος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐλέλιξε - 200
Then she addressed the mighty god Poseidon face to face:
Metre
καίῥαΠοσειδάωνα‖μέγανθεὸνἀντίονηὔδα
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleΠοσειδάωναPoseidonΠοσειδεών · accusative singular masculine nounobjectμέγανgreatμέγας · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θεὸνθεὸνgodθεός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἀντίονface to faceἀντίον · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to ηὔδαηὔδαspokeαὐδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 201
"Ah, Earth-shaker of broad strength, does your heart feel nothing
Metre
ὢπόποιἐννοσίγαι‖εὐρυσθενέςοὐδένυσοίπερ
ὢahὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleπόποιalasπόποι · interjectionsentence particleἐννοσίγαιEarth-shakerἘννοσίγαιος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headνυthenνῦν · adverbadverbial to ὀλοφύρεταισοίyourσύ · dative singular pronounmodifies θυμόςπερevenπέρ · particleemphasizing particle - 202
within you for the Danaans dying?
Metre
ὀλλυμένωνΔαναῶν‖ὀλοφύρεταιἐνφρεσὶθυμός
ὀλλυμένωνbeing slainὄλλυμι · present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculinecircumstantial complementΔαναῶνof the DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ὀλοφύρεταιὀλοφύρεταιmay feel pityὀλοφύρομαι · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionφρεσὶheartφρήν · dative plural nounmodifies ἐνθυμόςspiritθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὀλοφύρεται - 203
Yet at Helice and Aegae they bring you gifts,
Metre
οἳδέτοιεἰςἙλίκην‖τεκαὶΑἰγὰςδῶρἀνάγουσι
οἳtheyὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἀνάγουσιδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτοιto youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of ἀνάγουσιεἰςatεἰς · prepositionprepositionἙλίκηνHeliceἙλίκη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΑἰγὰςAegaeΑἰγαί · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶδῶρgiftsδῶρον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἀνάγουσιἀνάγουσιbringἀνάγω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 204
many and pleasing; so desire victory for them.
Metre
πολλάτεκαὶχαρίεντα‖σὺδέσφισιβούλεονίκην
πολλάmanyπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordχαρίενταlovelyχαρίεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies καὶσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of βούλεοδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσφισιthemσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of βούλεοβούλεοdesireβούλομαι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbνίκηνvictoryνίκη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of βούλεο - 205
For if all we gods who favor the Danaans wished
Metre
εἴπεργάρἐθέλοιμεν‖ὅσοιΔαναοῖσινἀρωγοί
εἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπερindeedπέρ · particlesentence particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleκshouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleἐθέλοιμενwishedἐθέλω · present active optative, 1st plural verbadverbial to εἴὅσοιall whoὅσος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubjectΔαναοῖσινfor the DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobjectἀρωγοίalliesἀρωγός · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 206
to drive the Trojans back and hold wide-thundering Zeus away,
Metre
Τρῶαςἀπώσασθαι‖καὶἐρυκέμενεὐρύοπαΖῆν
ΤρῶαςTrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἀπώσασθαιἀπώσασθαιdrive awayἀπωθέω · aorist infinitiveobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐρυκέμενhold backἐρύκω · present active infinitiveobject of καὶεὐρύοπαwide-thunderingεὐρύοπα · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΖῆνΖῆνZeusΖεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐρυκέμεν - 207
he would sit there grieving, all alone on Ida."
Metre
αὐτοῦἔνθἀκάχοιτο‖καθήμενοςοἶοςἐνἼδῃ
αὐτοῦthereαὐτοῦ · adverbadverbial to ἀκάχοιτοκwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleἔνθthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἀκάχοιτοἀκάχοιτοgrieveἀχεύω · aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαθήμενοςseatedκάθημαι · perfect participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀκάχοιτοοἶοςaloneοἶος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionἼδῃIdaἼδη · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐν - 208
The lord Earth-shaker answered her in deep anger:
Metre
τὴνδὲμέγὀχθήσας‖προσέφηκρείωνἐνοσίχθων
τὴνherὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of προσέφηδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμέγgreatlyμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ὀχθήσαςὀχθήσαςangeredὀχθέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηsaidπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκρείωνlordκρείων · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἐνοσίχθωνἐνοσίχθωνEarth-shakerἘνοσίχθων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 209
"Hera, rash in speech, what word is this you have spoken?
Metre
Ἥρηἀπτοεπὲς‖ποῖοντὸνμῦθονἔειπες
ἭρηHeraἭρα · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided headἀπτοεπὲςrash in speechἀπτοεπής · vocative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἥρηποῖονwhat sort ofποῖος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies μῦθοντὸνtheὁ · accusative singular masculine articlemodifies μῦθονμῦθονwordμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔειπεςἔειπεςyou spokeεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 210
I would not have us other gods do battle
Metre
οὐκἂνἔγωγἐθέλοιμι‖ΔιὶΚρονίωνιμάχεσθαι
οὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἂνwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleἔγωγIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐθέλοιμιἐθέλοιμιchooseἐθέλω · present active optative, 1st singular verbmain verbΔιὶZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of μάχεσθαιΚρονίωνιson of CronosΚρονίων · dative singular masculine nounmodifies Διὶμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἐθέλοιμι - 211
against Zeus, son of Cronos, since he is far stronger."
ἡμέαςusἐγώ · accusative plural masculine pronounsubject of μάχεσθαιτοὺςtheὁ · accusative plural masculine articlemodifies ἄλλουςἄλλουςothersἄλλος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἡμέαςἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleπολὺfarπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveemphasizing particleφέρτερόςstrongerφέρτατος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐστινisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶ - 212
So they spoke such words to one another,
Metre
ὣςοἳμὲντοιαῦτα‖πρὸςἀλλήλουςἀγόρευον
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἀγόρευονοἳtheyὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἀγόρευονμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleτοιαῦταsuchτοιοῦτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἀγόρευονπρὸςtoπρός · prepositionprepositionἀλλήλουςto one anotherἀλλήλων · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of πρὸςἀγόρευονspokeἀγορεύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 213
The whole space the ditch enclosed between the ships and wall
Metre
τῶνὅσονἐκνηῶν‖ἀπὸπύργουτάφροςἔεργε
τῶνof theseὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies τεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅσονwhole spaceὅσος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἔεργεἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionνηῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἐκἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionπύργουtowerπύργος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀπὸτάφροςtrenchτάφρος · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔεργεἔεργεenclosedἔργω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbsubject of πλῆθεν - 214
was filled alike with horses and shield-bearing men,
Metre
πλῆθενὁμῶςἵππων‖τεκαὶἀνδρῶνἀσπιστάων
πλῆθενwere filledπίμπλημι · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὁμῶςalikeὁμῶς · adverbsentence particleἵππωνwith horsesἵππος · genitive plural feminine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀνδρῶνwith menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounobject of καὶἀσπιστάωνshield-bearersἀσπιστής · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἀνδρῶν - 215
penned in; Hector, the equal of swift Ares, penned them,
Metre
εἰλομένωνεἴλει‖δὲθοῷἀτάλαντοςἌρηϊ
εἰλομένωνcrowded togetherεἴλω · present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculinecircumstantial complementεἴλειpenned inεἴλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordθοῷswiftθοός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἄρηϊἀτάλαντοςthe equalἀτάλαντος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἌρηϊof AresἌρης · dative singular masculine nounmodifies ἀτάλαντος - 216
Priam's son, when Zeus had granted him glory.
Metre
ἝκτωρΠριαμίδης‖ὅτεοἱΖεὺςκῦδοςἔδωκε
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εἴλειΠριαμίδηςson of PriamΠριαμίδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἕκτωρὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔδωκεΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔδωκεκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔδωκεἔδωκεgaveδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτε - 217
And now he would have burned the balanced ships with blazing fire
καίandκαί · adverbsentence particleνύnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἐνέπρησενκwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleἐνέπρησενhave burnedἐμπρήθω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπυρὶfireπῦρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐνέπρησενκηλέῳblazingκήλεος · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πυρὶνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνέπρησενἐΐσαςwell-balancedἴσος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆας - 218
had queenly Hera not set it in Agamemnon's mind
Metre
εἰμὴἐπὶφρεσὶθῆκ‖ἈγαμέμνονιπότνιαἭρη
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὴnotμή · particleemphasizing particleἐπὶinἐπί · prepositionprepositionφρεσὶmindφρήν · dative plural nounobject of ἐπὶθῆκsetτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἰἈγαμέμνονιAgamemnon'sἈγαμέμνων · dative singular masculine nounobject of φρεσὶπότνιαqueenlyπότνια · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἭρηἭρηHeraἭρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of θῆκ̓ - 219
to bestir himself and swiftly urge the Achaeans.
αὐτῷhimselfαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementποιπνύσαντιbestirring himselfποιπνύω · aorist active participle, dative singular masculinecircumstantial complementθοῶςswiftlyθοός · adverbadverbial to ὀτρῦναιὀτρῦναιto urgeὀτρύνω · aorist active infinitiveobject of θῆκ̓ἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ὀτρῦναι - 220
He went beside the huts and ships of the Achaeans,
Metre
βῆἰέναιπαράτε‖κλισίαςκαὶνῆαςἈχαιῶν
βῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἰέναιto goεἶμι · present active infinitiveobject of βῆπαράbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionτεandτε · particlesentence particleκλισίαςthe hutsκλισία · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies καὶ - 221
holding a great purple cloak in his strong hand,
Metre
πορφύρεονμέγαφᾶρος‖ἔχωνἐνχειρὶπαχείῃ
πορφύρεονpurpleπορφύρεος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies φᾶροςμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies φᾶροςφᾶροςcloakφᾶρος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔχωνἔχωνholdingἔχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βῆἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionχειρὶhandχείρ · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐνπαχείῃstoutπαχύς · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χειρὶ - 222
and stood upon Odysseus' huge black ship,
Metre
στῆἐπὈδυσσῆος‖μεγακήτεϊνηῒμελαίνῃ
στῆstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionὈδυσσῆοςof Odysseus̓ὀδυσσεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies νηῒμεγακήτεϊhugeμεγακήτης · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νηῒνηῒshipναῦς · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπ̓μελαίνῃblackμέλας · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νηῒ - 223
which lay at the middle, so a shout could carry both ways,
Metre
ἥἐνμεσσάτῳἔσκε‖γεγωνέμενἀμφοτέρωσε
ἥwhichὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἔσκεῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionμεσσάτῳat the middleμέσσατος · dative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐνἔσκεlayεἰμί · imperfect indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing νηῒγεγωνέμενto carry a shoutγέγωνα · perfect active infinitiveadverbial to ἔσκεἀμφοτέρωσεboth waysἀμφοτέρωσε · adverbadverbial to , - 224
toward the huts of Ajax, son of Telamon,
Metre
ἠμὲνἐπΑἴαντος‖κλισίαςΤελαμωνιάδαο
ἠμὲνbothἠμέν · conjunctionsentence particleἐπtowardἐπί · prepositionprepositionΑἴαντοςAjax'sΑἴας · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κλισίαςκλισίαςthe hutsκλισία · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐπ̓Τελαμωνιάδαοson of TelamonΤελαμωνιάδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Αἴαντος - 225
and toward Achilles'; these had drawn their balanced ships
Metre
ἠδἐπἈχιλλῆος‖τοίἔσχατανῆαςἐΐσας
ἠδandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐπtowardἐπί · prepositionsentence particleἈχιλλῆοςAchilles'Ἀχιλλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifiesτοίtheseὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of εἴρυσανῥthenἆρα · particlesentence particleἔσχαταat the endsἔσχατος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to εἴρυσαννῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of εἴρυσανἐΐσαςbalancedἴσος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆας - 226
at the farthest ends, trusting their courage and strong hands.
Metre
εἴρυσανἠνορέῃ‖πίσυνοικαὶκάρτεϊχειρῶν
εἴρυσανhad drawnἐρύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἠδ̓ἠνορέῃmanhoodἠνορέη · dative singular feminine nounmodifies καὶπίσυνοιtrustingπίσυνος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκάρτεϊstrengthκάρτος · dative singular neuter nounmodifies καὶχειρῶνhandsχείρ · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies κάρτεϊ - 227
There he cried in a piercing voice to the Danaans:
Metre
ἤϋσενδὲδιαπρύσιον‖Δαναοῖσιγεγωνώς
ἤϋσενcried outαὔω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδιαπρύσιονpiercingδιαπρύσιος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἤϋσενΔαναοῖσιthe DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject of γεγωνώςγεγωνώςshoutingγέγωνα · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἤϋσεν - 228
"Shame, Argives! Wretched disgraces, splendid only to look at!
Metre
αἰδὼςἈργεῖοι‖κάκἐλέγχεαεἶδοςἀγητοί
αἰδὼςshameαἰδώς · nominative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided headἈργεῖοιArgivesἈργεῖος · vocative plural masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headκάκbaseκακός · vocative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἐλέγχεαἐλέγχεαdisgracesἔλεγχος · vocative plural neuter noungoverned by an elided headεἶδοςin formεἶδος · accusative singular neuter nounmodifies ἀγητοίἀγητοίsplendidἀγητός · vocative plural masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided head - 229
Where have our boasts gone, when we claimed to be the best,
Metre
πῇἔβανεὐχωλαί‖ὅτεδὴφάμενεἶναιἄριστοι
πῇwhereπῆ · pronounobject of ἔβανἔβανwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbεὐχωλαίboastsεὐχωλή · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἔβανὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleφάμενwe claimedφημί · imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verbadverbial to ὅτεεἶναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of φάμενἄριστοιbestἄριστος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 230
those empty boasts you made in Lemnos,
Metre
ἃςὁπότἐνΛήμνῳ‖κενεαυχέεςἠγοράασθε
ἃςwhichὅς · accusative plural feminine pronounobject of ἠγοράασθεὁπότwhenὁπότε · adverbadverbial to ἠγοράασθεἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionΛήμνῳLemnosΛῆμνος · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνκενεαυχέεςempty boastersκενεαυχής · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἠγοράασθεyou boastedἀγοράομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verbverb of a clause describing , - 231
eating abundant meat from straight-horned cattle
Metre
ἔσθοντεςκρέαπολλὰ‖βοῶνὀρθοκραιράων
ἔσθοντεςeatingἔσθω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbialκρέαmeatκρέας · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔσθοντεςπολλὰabundantπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies κρέαβοῶνcattleβοῦς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies κρέαὀρθοκραιράωνstraight-hornedὀρθόκραιρος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies βοῶν - 232
and drinking mixing bowls filled to the brim with wine,
Metre
πίνοντεςκρητῆρας‖ἐπιστεφέαςοἴνοιο
πίνοντεςdrinkingπίνω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbialκρητῆραςmixing bowlsκρατήρ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of πίνοντεςἐπιστεφέαςfilled to the brimἐπιστεφής · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies κρητῆραςοἴνοιοwineοἶνος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἐπιστεφέας - 233
that each would stand in war against a hundred
Metre
Τρώωνἄνθἑκατόν‖τεδιηκοσίωντεἕκαστος
ΤρώωνTrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounobject of ἄνθ̓ἄνθagainstἄντα · prepositionprepositionἑκατόνa hundredἑκατόν · numeralmodifies τετεandτε · particlesentence particleδιηκοσίωνtwo hundredδιακόσιοι · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordἕκαστοςeachἕκαστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 234
or two hundred Trojans? Now we are not worth one Hector,
Metre
στήσεσθἐνπολέμῳ‖νῦνοὐδἑνὸςἄξιοίεἰμεν
στήσεσθwould standἵστημι · future middle infinitivemodifies ,ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionπολέμῳwarπόλεμος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐννῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to εἰμενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἑνὸςoneεἷς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifiesἄξιοίworthἄξιος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounεἰμενwe areεἰμί · present active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verb - 235
who soon will burn the ships with blazing fire.
ἝκτοροςHectorἝκτωρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifiesὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐνιπρήσειτάχαsoonτάχα · adverbadverbial to ἐνιπρήσεινῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνιπρήσειἐνιπρήσειburnἐμπρήθω · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἕκτοροςπυρὶfireπῦρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐνιπρήσεικηλέῳblazingκήλεος · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πυρὶ - 236
Father Zeus, have you ever blinded any exceedingly mighty king
Metre
Ζεῦπάτερἦῥάτινἤδη‖ὑπερμενέωνβασιλήων
ΖεῦZeusΖεύς · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headπάτερfatherπάτηρ · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies Ζεῦἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleῥάthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτινanyτις · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἄασαςἤδηalreadyἤδη · adverbadverbial to καίὑπερμενέωνexceedingly mightyὑπερμενής · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies βασιλήωνβασιλήωνof kingsβασιλεύς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τιν̓ - 237
with such delusion and stripped away his great glory?
τῇδwith thisὅδε · dative singular feminine pronounmodifies ἄτῃἄτῃdelusionἄτη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἄασαςἄασαςyou blindedἀάω · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀπηύραςμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κῦδοςκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀπηύραςἀπηύραςyou robbedἀπαυράω · imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 238
Never, I say, did I pass by your splendid altar
Metre
οὐμὲνδήποτέφημι‖τεὸνπερικαλλέαβωμὸν
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleδήindeedδή · particlesentence particleποτέeverποτέ · particleadverbial to παρελθέμενφημιsayφημί · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbτεὸνyourτεός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies βωμὸνπερικαλλέαsplendidπερικαλλής · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies βωμὸνβωμὸνaltarβωμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of παρελθέμεν - 239
in my many-benched ship as I journeyed here,
νηῒshipναῦς · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to παρελθέμενπολυκλήϊδιmany-benchedπολυκλήις · dative singular feminine nounmodifies νηῒπαρελθέμενpass byπαρέρχομαι · aorist active infinitiveobject of φημιἐνθάδεhereἐνθάδε · adverbobject of ἔρρωνἔρρωνjourneyingἔρρω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to παρελθέμεν - 240
but on them all I burned the fat and thighs of cattle,
Metre
ἀλλἐπὶπᾶσιβοῶν‖δημὸνκαὶμηρίἔκηα
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionπᾶσιallπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐπὶβοῶνcattleβοῦς · genitive plural nounmodifies καὶδημὸνfatδημός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμηρίthighsμηρία · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶἔκηαburnedκαίω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 241
longing to lay waste well-walled Troy.
Metre
ἱέμενοςΤροίην‖εὐτείχεονἐξαλαπάξαι
ἱέμενοςlongingἵημι · present participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔκηαΤροίηνTroyΤροία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐξαλαπάξαιεὐτείχεονwell-walledεὐτείχεος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Τροίηνἐξαλαπάξαιto lay wasteἐξαλαπάζω · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἱέμενος - 242
But Zeus, fulfill for me this one desire:
Metre
ἀλλὰΖεῦτόδεπέρ‖μοιἐπικρήηνονἐέλδωρ
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleΖεῦZeusΖεύς · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headτόδεthisὅδε · accusative singular neuter pronounmodifies ἐέλδωρπέρindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleμοιmeἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπικρήηνονἐπικρήηνονgrantἐπικραίνω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἐέλδωρdesireἔλδωρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐπικρήηνον - 243
at least allow the men themselves to flee and escape;
Metre
αὐτοὺςδήπερἔασον‖ὑπεκφυγέεινκαὶἀλύξαι
αὐτοὺςthemselvesαὐτός · accusative plural masculine adjectivesubject of καὶδήindeedδή · particlesentence particleπερindeedπέρ · particlesentence particleἔασονletἐάω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbὑπεκφυγέεινescapeὑπεκφεύγω · aorist active infinitiveobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀλύξαιescapeἀλύσκω · aorist active infinitiveobject of καὶ - 244
do not let the Trojans crush the Achaeans so."
Metre
μηδοὕτωΤρώεσσιν‖ἔαδάμνασθαιἈχαιούς
οὕτωsoοὕτως · adverbadverbial to δάμνασθαιΤρώεσσινby the TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of δάμνασθαιἔαletἐάω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbδάμνασθαιto be crushedδάμνημι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἔαἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectivesubject of δάμνασθαι - 245
So he spoke; the father pitied him as he wept
Metre
ὣςφάτοτὸνδὲπατὴρ‖ὀλοφύρατοδάκρυχέοντα
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάτοφάτοspokeφημί · aorist indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ὀλοφύρατοδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπατὴρfatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὀλοφύρατοὀλοφύρατοpitiedὀλοφύρομαι · aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδάκρυtearsδάκρυον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of χέονταχέονταweepingχέω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 246
and nodded that his army would survive, not perish.
Metre
νεῦσεδέοἱλαὸν‖σόονἔμμεναιοὐδἀπολέσθαι
νεῦσεnoddedνεύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱto himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of νεῦσελαὸνhostλαός · accusative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓σόονsafeσῶς · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἔμμεναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of δ̓ἀπολέσθαιto perishἀπόλλυμι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of δ̓ - 247
At once he sent an eagle, surest among birds,
Metre
αὐτίκααἰετὸνἧκε‖τελειότατονπετεηνῶν
αὐτίκαat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to ἧκεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαἰετὸνeagleἀετός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἧκεsentἵημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτελειότατονsurestτέλειος · accusative singular masculine superlative adjectiveobjectπετεηνῶνbirdsπετεινός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τελειότατον - 248
clutching in its talons a fawn, a swift deer's young.
νεβρὸνfawnνεβρός · accusative singular feminine nounobjectἔχοντholdingἔχω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementὀνύχεσσιtalonsὄνυξ · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἔχοντ̓τέκοςchildτέκος · accusative singular neuter nounobjectἐλάφοιοof a doeἔλαφος · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies τέκοςταχείηςswiftταχύς · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἐλάφοιο - 249
Beside the splendid altar of Zeus it dropped the fawn,
Metre
πὰρδὲΔιὸςβωμῷ‖περικαλλέϊκάββαλενεβρόν
πὰρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies βωμῷβωμῷaltarβωμός · dative singular masculine nounobject of πὰρπερικαλλέϊbeautifulπερικαλλής · dative singular adjectivemodifies βωμῷκάββαλεdroppedκαταβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνεβρόνfawnνεβρός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κάββαλε - 250
where the Achaeans sacrificed to Zeus, lord of every voice.
Metre
ἔνθαπανομφαίῳ‖ΖηνὶῥέζεσκονἈχαιοί
ἔνθαthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ῥέζεσκονπανομφαίῳlord of every voiceπανομφαῖος · dative singular masculine nounmodifies ΖηνὶΖηνὶZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of ῥέζεσκονῥέζεσκονsacrificedῥέζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing βωμῷἈχαιοίAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ῥέζεσκον - 251
When they saw the bird had come to them from Zeus,
Metre
οἳὡςοὖνεἴδονθ‖ὅἄρἐκΔιὸςἤλυθενὄρνις
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of δὲδandδέ · particlesentence particleὡςwhenὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὖνthenοὖν · particlesentence particleεἴδονθthey sawεἶδον · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὡςὅthatὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounsubordinating conjunctionτandτε · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκἤλυθενhad comeἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅὄρνιςbirdὄρνις · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἤλυθεν - 252
they leapt more fiercely on the Trojans and remembered battle-joy.
Metre
μᾶλλονἐπὶΤρώεσσι‖θόρονμνήσαντοδὲχάρμης
μᾶλλονmoreμᾶλλον · adverbadverbial to θόρονἐπὶagainstἐπί · prepositionprepositionΤρώεσσιthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐπὶθόρονleaptθρῴσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbμνήσαντοrememberedμιμνήσκω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχάρμηςbattleχάρμη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of μνήσαντο - 253
Then no one among the Danaans, though they were many,
Metre
ἔνθοὔτιςπρότερος‖Δαναῶνπολλῶνπερἐόντων
ἔνθthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to εὔξατοοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εὔξατοπρότεροςfirstπρότερος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementΔαναῶνof the DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τιςπολλῶνmanyπολύς · genitive plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἐόντωνbeingεἰμί · present active participle, genitive plural masculinecircumstantial complement - 254
could boast that he had held his swift horses ahead of the son of Tydeus,
Metre
εὔξατοΤυδεΐδαο‖πάροςσχέμενὠκέαςἵππους
εὔξατοcould boastεὔχομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΤυδεΐδαοson of TydeusΤυδείδης · genitive singular masculine nounobject of πάροςπάροςbeforeπάρος · prepositionprepositionσχέμενto have heldἔχω · aorist active infinitiveobject of καὶὠκέαςswiftὠκύς · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of σχέμεν - 255
driven them beyond the trench, and fought face to face.
Metre
τάφρουἐξελάσαι‖καὶἐναντίβιονμαχέσασθαι
τάφρουtrenchτάφρος · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐξελάσαιτandτε · particlesentence particleἐξελάσαιto drive outἐξελαύνω · aorist active infinitiveobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐναντίβιονface to faceἐναντίβιος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to μαχέσασθαιμαχέσασθαιto fightμάχομαι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of καὶ - 256
Far ahead of all, he slew a helmeted Trojan,
Metre
ἀλλὰπολὺπρῶτος‖Τρώωνἕλενἄνδρακορυστὴν
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordπολὺfarπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveemphasizing particleπρῶτοςfirstπρῶτος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies ἄνδραἕλενslewαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄνδραmanἀνήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobjectκορυστὴνhelmed warriorκορυστής · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ἄνδρα - 257
Agelaus, son of Phradmon, who turned his horses in flight.
Metre
ΦραδμονίδηνἈγέλαον‖ὃμὲνφύγαδἔτραπενἵππους
Φραδμονίδηνson of PhradmonΦραδμονίδης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈγέλαονἈγέλαονAgelausἈγέλαος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔτραπενμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleφύγαδin flightφύγαδε · adverbobject of ἔτραπενἔτραπενturnedτρέπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἔτραπεν - 258
As he turned, Diomedes planted the spear into his back
Metre
τῷδὲμεταστρεφθέντι‖μεταφρένῳἐνδόρυπῆξεν
τῷhisὁ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies μεταφρένῳδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleμεταστρεφθέντιas he turnedμεταστρέφω · aorist passive participle, dative singular masculinecircumstantial complementμεταφρένῳbackμετάφρενον · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἐνἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionδόρυspearδόρυ · accusative neuter nounobject of πῆξενπῆξενfixedπήγνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 259
between the shoulders, and drove the spear through his chest;
Metre
ὤμωνμεσσηγύς‖διὰδὲστήθεσφινἔλασσεν
ὤμωνshouldersὦμος · genitive plural masculine nounadverbial to μεσσηγύςμεσσηγύςbetweenμεσηγύ · prepositionprepositionδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordστήθεσφινthe chestστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounobject of διὰἔλασσενdroveἐλαύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 260
He fell from the chariot, and his armor clattered upon him,
Metre
ἤριπεἐξὀχέων‖ἀράβησεδὲτεύχεἐπαὐτῷ
ἤριπεfellἐρείπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionὀχέωνthe chariotὄχος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἐξἀράβησεclatteredἀραβέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεύχεarmorτεῦχος · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of ἀράβησεἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionαὐτῷhimαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἐπ̓ - 261
After him came the sons of Atreus, Agamemnon and Menelaus;
Metre
τὸνδὲμετἈτρεΐδαι‖ἈγαμέμνωνκαὶΜενέλαος
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobjectδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleμετafterμετά · prepositionprepositionἈτρεΐδαιsons of AtreusἈτρείδης · nominative plural masculine nounsubjectἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 262
after them the two Ajaxes, clothed in furious valor;
Metre
τοῖσιἐπΑἴαντες‖θοῦρινἐπιειμένοιἀλκήν
τοῖσιthemὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobjectδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐπafterἐπί · prepositionprepositionΑἴαντεςtwo AjaxesΑἴας · nominative plural masculine nounsubjectθοῦρινfuriousθοῦρος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀλκήνἐπιειμένοιclothed inἐπιέννυμι · perfect passive participle, nominative plural masculinemodifies Αἴαντεςἀλκήνvalorἀλκή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπιειμένοι - 263
after them Idomeneus and the companion of Idomeneus,
Metre
τοῖσιἐπἸδομενεὺς‖καὶὀπάωνἸδομενῆος
τοῖσιthemὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobjectδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐπafterἐπί · prepositionprepositionἸδομενεὺςIdomeneusἸδομενεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὀπάωνcompanionὀπάων · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἸδομενῆοςof IdomeneusἸδομενεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ὀπάων - 264
Meriones, the equal of man-slaying Enyalius;
ΜηριόνηςMerionesΜηριόνης · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἀτάλαντοςthe equalἀτάλαντος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜηριόνηςἘνυαλίῳEnyaliusἘνυάλιος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἀτάλαντος - 265
after them Eurypylus, the glorious son of Euaemon.
Metre
τοῖσιἐπΕὐρύπυλος‖Εὐαίμονοςἀγλαὸςυἱός
τοῖσιthemὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπafterἐπί · prepositionprepositionΕὐρύπυλοςEurypylusΕὐρύπυλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectΕὐαίμονοςof EuaemonΕὐαίμων · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱόςἀγλαὸςgloriousἀγλαός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱόςυἱόςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 266
Teucer came ninth, stretching his recurved bow,
ΤεῦκροςTeucerΤεῦκρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἦλθεδandδέ · particlesentence particleεἴνατοςninthεἴνατος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἦλθεcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπαλίντοναrecurvedπαλίντονος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τόξατόξαthe bowτόξον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of τιταίνωντιταίνωνstretchingτιταίνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἦλθε - 267
and took his stand beneath the shield of Telamonian Ajax.
Metre
στῆἄρὑπΑἴαντος‖σάκεϊΤελαμωνιάδαο
στῆstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὑπbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionΑἴαντοςAjax'sΑἴας · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies σάκεϊσάκεϊshieldσάκος · accusative dual neuter nounobject of ὑπ̓Τελαμωνιάδαοson of TelamonΤελαμωνιάδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Αἴαντος - 268
Ajax would lift the shield away; then the hero
Metre
ἔνθΑἴαςμὲνὑπεξέφερεν‖σάκοςαὐτὰρὅἥρως
ἔνθthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ὑπεξέφερενΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὑπεξέφερενμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleὑπεξέφερενwould lift awayὑπεκφέρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbσάκοςshieldσάκος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ὑπεξέφερεναὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὅtheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies ἥρωςγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἥρωςthe heroἥρως · nominative plural masculine nounsubject - 269
would look about, and when he shot someone in the press
Metre
παπτήναςἐπεὶἄρ‖τινὀϊστεύσαςἐνὁμίλῳ
παπτήναςlooking aboutπαπταίνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δύσκενἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτινsomeoneτις · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of βεβλήκοιὀϊστεύσαςhaving shot an arrowὀιστεύω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βεβλήκοιἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionὁμίλῳthe pressὅμιλος · dative singular masculine nounmodifies ἐν - 270
and struck him, the man fell there and lost his life;
Metre
βεβλήκοιὃμὲναὖθι‖πεσὼνἀπὸθυμὸνὄλεσσεν
βεβλήκοιstruckβάλλω · perfect active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶὃthe manὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ὄλεσσενμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleαὖθιthereαὖθι · adverbadverbial to πεσὼνπεσὼνfallingπίπτω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὄλεσσενἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionemphasizing particleθυμὸνlifeθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὄλεσσενὄλεσσενlostὄλλυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 271
then Teucer would return like a child beneath its mother,
Metre
αὐτὰρὃαὖτιςἰὼν‖πάϊςὣςὑπὸμητέραδύσκεν
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordὃTeucerὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectαὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbadverbial to δύσκενἰὼνgoingεἶμι · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δύσκενπάϊςchildπαῖς · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectὣςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionemphasizing particleμητέραmotherμήτηρ · accusative singular feminine nounobjectδύσκενwould slip underδύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 272
under Ajax, who would hide him with his shining shield.
Metre
εἰςΑἴανθὃδέμιν‖σάκεϊκρύπτασκεφαεινῷ
εἰςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionΑἴανθAjaxΑἴας · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εἰςὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of κρύπτασκεδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of κρύπτασκεσάκεϊshieldσάκος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to κρύπτασκεκρύπτασκεwould hideκρύπτω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφαεινῷshiningφαεινός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies σάκεϊ - 273
Then whom among the Trojans did blameless Teucer first slay?
Metre
ἔνθατίναπρῶτον‖ΤρώωνἕλεΤεῦκροςἀμύμων
ἔνθαthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἕλετίναwhomτις · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἕλεπρῶτονfirstπρῶτος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἕλεΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies τίναἕλεdid slayαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΤεῦκροςTeucerΤεῦκρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἕλεἀμύμωνblamelessἀμύμων · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Τεῦκρος - 274
Orsilochus first, and Ormenus and Ophelestes,
Metre
Ὀρσίλοχονμὲνπρῶτα‖καὶὌρμενονἠδὈφελέστην
ὈρσίλοχονOrsilochusὈρσίλοχος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleπρῶταfirstπρῶτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveemphasizing particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleὌρμενονOrmenusὌρμενος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἠδandἠδέ · conjunctionsentence particleὈφελέστηνOphelestesὈφελέστης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶ - 275
and Daitor and Chromius and godlike Lycophontes,
Metre
ΔαίτοράτεΧρομίον‖τεκαὶἀντίθεονΛυκοφόντην
ΔαίτοράDaitorΔαίτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleΧρομίονChromiusΧρομίος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἀντίθεονgodlikeἀντίθεος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΛυκοφόντηνΛυκοφόντηνLycophontesΛυκοφόντης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶ - 276
and Amopaon, son of Polyaemon, and Melanippus—
Metre
καὶΠολυαιμονίδην‖ἈμοπάονακαὶΜελάνιππον
καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleΠολυαιμονίδηνson of PolyaemonΠολυαιμονίδης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈμοπάοναἈμοπάοναAmopaonἈμοπάων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΜελάνιππονMelanippusΜελάνιππος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶ - 277
all one after another he laid upon the all-nurturing earth.
Metre
πάνταςἐπασσυτέρους‖πέλασεχθονὶπουλυβοτείρῃ
πάνταςallπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies καὶἐπασσυτέρουςone after anotherἐπασσύτερος · accusative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπέλασεhe laidπελάζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχθονὶearthχθών · dative singular feminine nounobject of πέλασεπουλυβοτείρῃall-nurturingπουλυβότειρα · dative singular feminine nounmodifies χθονὶ - 278
Seeing him, Agamemnon, lord of men, rejoiced
Metre
τὸνδὲἰδὼνγήθησεν‖ἄναξἀνδρῶνἈγαμέμνων
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἰδὼνδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἰδὼνseeingεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to γήθησενγήθησενrejoicedγηθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄναξlordἄναξ · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγαμέμνωνἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἄναξἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of γήθησεν - 279
as with his strong bow Teucer destroyed the Trojan ranks.
Metre
τόξουἄποκρατεροῦ‖Τρώωνὀλέκονταφάλαγγας
τόξουbowτόξον · genitive singular neuter nounadverbial to ἄποἄποwithἀπό · prepositionprepositionκρατεροῦmightyκρατερός · genitive singular neuter adjectivemodifies τόξουΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies φάλαγγαςὀλέκονταdestroyingὀλέκω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementφάλαγγαςthe ranksφάλαγξ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ὀλέκοντα - 280
He came and stood beside him and spoke these words:
Metre
στῆδὲπαραὐτὸνἰὼν‖καίμινπρὸςμῦθονἔειπε
στῆstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionαὐτὸνhimαὐτός · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of παῤἰὼνcomingεἶμι · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to στῆκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of πρὸςπρὸςtoπρός · prepositionprepositionμῦθονwordμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔειπεἔειπεspokeεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 281
"Teucer, dear heart, son of Telamon, marshal of the people,
Metre
Τεῦκρεφίληκεφαλή‖Τελαμώνιεκοίρανελαῶν
ΤεῦκρεTeucerΤεῦκρος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headφίληdearφίλος · vocative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κεφαλήκεφαλήheartκεφαλή · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided headΤελαμώνιεson of TelamonΤελαμών · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headκοίρανεmarshalκοίρανος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headλαῶνof the peopleλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies κοίρανε - 282
keep shooting so, and perhaps become a light to the Danaans
Metre
βάλλοὕτωςαἴκέν‖τιφόωςΔαναοῖσιγένηαι
βάλλkeep shootingβάλλω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbοὕτωςthusοὕτως · adverbadverbial to βάλλ̓αἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκένperhapsἄν · particleemphasizing particleτιaτις · accusative singular neuter pronounemphasizing particleφόωςlightφόως · nominative singular neuter nounpredicate nounΔαναοῖσιthe DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject of τεγένηαιyou becomeγίγνομαι · aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to αἴ - 283
and to your father Telamon, who raised you when you were little
Metre
πατρίτεσῷΤελαμῶνι‖ὅἔτρεφετυτθὸνἐόντα
πατρίfatherπατήρ · dative singular masculine nounobjectτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordσῷyourσός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πατρίΤελαμῶνιTelamonΤελαμών · dative singular masculine nounobjectὅwhoὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καίσyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of ἔτρεφεἔτρεφεhad nursedτρέφω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describingτυτθὸνlittleτυτθός · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐόνταbeingεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 284
and, though you were born outside marriage, cared for you in his house.
Metre
καίσενόθονπερἐόντα‖κομίσσατοᾧἐνὶοἴκῳ
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordσεyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of κομίσσατονόθονoutside marriageνόθος · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἐόνταbeingεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementκομίσσατοcared forκομίζω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describingᾧhisἑός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies οἴκῳἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionοἴκῳhouseοἶκος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνὶ - 285
Though he is far away, bring him good fame.
Metre
τὸνκαὶτηλόθἐόντα‖ἐϋκλείηςἐπίβησον
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπίβησονκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleτηλόθfar awayτηλόθι · adverbadverbial to ἐόνταἐόνταbeingεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἐϋκλείηςgood fameεὔκλεια · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐπίβησονἐπίβησονbringἐπιβαίνω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 286
I shall declare what also shall be fulfilled:
Metre
σοὶἐγὼἐξερέω‖ὡςκαὶτετελεσμένονἔσται
σοὶto youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of ἐξερέωδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐξερέωἐξερέωI shall declareἐξερέω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbὡςhowὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκαὶalsoκαί · adverbsentence particleτετελεσμένονfulfilledτελέω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuterpredicate nounἔσταιwill beεἰμί · future indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of ὡς - 287
if Zeus who bears the aegis and Athena grant me
Metre
αἴκένμοιδώῃ‖ΖεύςαἰγίοχοςκαὶἈθήνη
αἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκένmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleμοιmeἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of δώῃδώῃgrantsδίδωμι · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to αἴΖεύςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶτandτε · particlesentence particleαἰγίοχοςwho bears the aegisαἰγίοχος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ζεύςκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἈθήνηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶ - 288
to lay waste utterly the well-built citadel of Ilion,
Metre
Ἰλίουἐξαλαπάξαι‖ἐϋκτίμενονπτολίεθρον
ἸλίουIlionἼλιος · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies πτολίεθρονἐξαλαπάξαιto lay wasteἐξαλαπάζω · aorist active infinitiveobject of δώῃἐϋκτίμενονwell-builtἐυκτίμενος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πτολίεθρονπτολίεθρονcitadelπτολίεθρον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐξαλαπάξαι - 289
first after myself I shall place a prize of honor in your hands,
Metre
πρώτῳτοιμετἐμὲ‖πρεσβήϊονἐνχερὶθήσω
πρώτῳfirstπρῶτος · dative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementτοιto youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of θήσωμετafterμετά · prepositionprepositionἐμὲmyselfἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounadverbial to μετ̓πρεσβήϊονprize of honorπρεσβεῖον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ,ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionχερὶhandsχείρ · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐνθήσωI shall placeτίθημι · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 290
either a tripod, or two horses with their chariot,
Metre
ἢτρίποδἠὲδύω‖ἵππουςαὐτοῖσινὄχεσφιν
ἢorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleτρίποδtripodτρίπους · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἠὲἠὲorἠέ · conjunctionsentence particleδύωtwoδύο · numeralmodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἠὲαὐτοῖσινtheirαὐτός · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ὄχεσφινὄχεσφινchariotsὄχος · dative plural neuter nounmodifies ἵππους - 291
or a woman who will mount the same bed with you."
Metre
ἠὲγυναῖχἥκέν‖τοιὁμὸνλέχοςεἰσαναβαίνοι
ἠὲorἠέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordγυναῖχwomanγυνή · accusative dual feminine nounobject of ἠὲἥwhoὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of εἰσαναβαίνοικένwillἄν · particleemphasizing particleτοιwith youσύ · dative singular pronounmodifies λέχοςὁμὸνsameὁμός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies λέχοςλέχοςbedλέχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of εἰσαναβαίνοιεἰσαναβαίνοιwould mountεἰσαναβαίνω · present active optative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing γυναῖχ̓ - 292
Then blameless Teucer answered him and said:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσεφώνεεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπαμειβόμενοςansweringἀπαμείβομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσεφώνεεπροσεφώνεεaddressedπροσφωνέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΤεῦκροςTeucerΤεῦκρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσεφώνεεἀμύμωνblamelessἀμύμων · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Τεῦκρος - 293
"Most glorious son of Atreus, why, when I myself am eager,
Metre
Ἀτρεΐδηκύδιστε‖τίμεσπεύδοντακαὶαὐτὸν
Ἀτρεΐδηson of AtreusἈτρείδης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headκύδιστεmost gloriousκύδιστος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀτρεΐδητίwhyτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to ὀτρύνειςμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ὀτρύνειςσπεύδονταeagerσπεύδω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleαὐτὸνmyselfαὐτός · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 294
do you urge me? So far as strength remains in me,
Metre
ὀτρύνειςοὐμέν‖τοιὅσηδύναμίςγεπάρεστι
ὀτρύνειςdo you urgeὀτρύνω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleτοιindeedτοι · particlesentence particleὅσηas much asὅσος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies δύναμίςδύναμίςstrengthδύναμις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of πάρεστιγεat leastγε · particleemphasizing particleπάρεστιremainsπάρειμι · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to παύομαι - 295
I do not cease; but since we drove them hard toward Ilion,
Metre
παύομαιἀλλἐξοὗ‖προτὶἼλιονὠσάμεθαὐτοὺς
παύομαιI ceaseπαύω · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionοὗwhenὅς · genitive singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἐξπροτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionἼλιονIlionἼλιος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of προτὶὠσάμεθwe droveὠθέω · aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verbverb of a clause describing τοῦαὐτοὺςthemαὐτός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ὠσάμεθ̓ - 296
I have watched for men and killed them with my bow.
Metre
ἐκτοῦδὴτόξοισι‖δεδεγμένοςἄνδραςἐναίρω
ἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionτοῦthenὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἐκδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleτόξοισιbowτόξον · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to δεδεγμένοςδεδεγμένοςwatching forδέχομαι · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐναίρωἄνδραςmenἀνήρ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐναίρωἐναίρωI killἐναίρω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 297
Eight long-barbed arrows I have loosed already,
Metre
ὀκτὼδὴπροέηκα‖τανυγλώχιναςὀϊστούς
ὀκτὼeightὀκτώ · numeralmodifies ὀϊστούςδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleπροέηκαI have loosedπροίημι · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbτανυγλώχιναςlong-barbedτανυγλώχις · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ὀϊστούςὀϊστούςarrowsὀιστός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of προέηκα - 298
and all lodged in the flesh of battle-raging young men;
πάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of πῆχθενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionχροῒfleshχρώς · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐνπῆχθενlodgedπήγνυμι · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀρηϊθόωνbattle-ragingἀρηίθοος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies αἰζηῶναἰζηῶνyoung menαἰζηός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies χροῒ - 299
yet I cannot strike this raging dog."
τοῦτονthisοὗτος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies κύναδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleδύναμαιI canδύναμαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbβαλέεινto strikeβάλλω · future active infinitiveobject of δύναμαικύναdogκύων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of βαλέεινλυσσητῆραragingλυσσητήρ · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies κύνα - 300
He spoke and sent another arrow from the string,
ἦhe spokeἠμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbῥαthenἄρα · particleemphasizing particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἄλλονanotherἄλλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὀϊστὸνὀϊστὸνarrowὀιστός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἴαλλενἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionνευρῆφινstringνευρή · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἀπὸἴαλλενsentἰάλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 301
straight at Hector, for his heart desired to strike him;
Metre
Ἕκτοροςἀντικρύ‖βαλέεινδέἑἵετοθυμός
ἝκτοροςHectorἝκτωρ · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀντικρύἀντικρύstraight atἀντικρύ · prepositionprepositionβαλέεινto strikeβάλλω · future active infinitiveobject of ἵετοδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἑhimἕ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of βαλέεινἵετοlongedἵημι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθυμόςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἵετο - 302
but he missed him, and struck blameless Gorgythion,
καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleτοῦhimὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of ἀφάμαρθ̓μένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἀφάμαρθmissedἀφαμαρτάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀμύμοναblamelessἀμύμων · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΓοργυθίωναΓοργυθίωναGorgythionΓοργυθίων · accusative singular masculine nounobject - 303
Priam's noble son, in the chest with an arrow.
Metre
υἱὸνἐῢνΠριάμοιο‖κατὰστῆθοςβάλενἰῷ
υἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἐῢνnobleἐύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱὸνΠριάμοιοof PriamΠρίαμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Γοργυθίωνακατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionστῆθοςchestστῆθος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of κατὰβάλενstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἰῷwith an arrowἰός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to βάλεν - 304
His mother bore him after coming as a bride from Aesyma,
τόνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of τέκεῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionΑἰσύμηθενfrom AesymaΑἰσύμηθεν · adverbobject of ἐξὀπυιομένηcoming as a brideὀπυίω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to τέκετέκεboreτίκτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describingμήτηρmotherμήτηρ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject - 305
beautiful Castianeira, in form like the goddesses.
Metre
καλὴΚαστιάνειρα‖δέμαςἐϊκυῖαθεῇσι
καλὴfairκαλός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ΚαστιάνειραΚαστιάνειραCastianeiraΚαστιάνειρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectδέμαςin buildδέμας · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐϊκυῖαἐϊκυῖαlikeεἰκός · perfect active participle, nominative singular femininemodifies Καστιάνειραθεῇσιgoddessesθεά · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐϊκυῖα - 306
As a poppy droops its head to one side in a garden,
Metre
μήκωνὡςἑτέρωσε‖κάρηβάλενἥἐνὶκήπῳ
μήκωνpoppyμήκων · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of βάλενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὡςasὡς · adverbadverbial to βάλενἑτέρωσεto the other sideἑτέρωσε · adverbadverbial to βάλενκάρηheadκάρα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of βάλενβάλενbentβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἤμυσεἥwhichὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubjectτandτε · particlesentence particleἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionκήπῳgardenκῆπος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial - 307
heavy with its fruit and with the rains of spring,
Metre
καρπῷβριθομένη‖νοτίῃσίτεεἰαρινῇσιν
καρπῷfruitκαρπός · dative singular masculine nounobject of τεβριθομένηweighed downβρίθω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular femininepredicate nounνοτίῃσίrainsνοτία · dative plural feminine nounobject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordεἰαρινῇσινspringἐαρινός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νοτίῃσί - 308
so his head bowed to one side, weighed down by his helmet.
Metre
ὣςἑτέρωσἤμυσε‖κάρηπήληκιβαρυνθέν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἤμυσεἑτέρωσto the other sideἑτέρωσε · adverbadverbial to ἤμυσεἤμυσεbowedἠμύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκάρηheadκάρα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἤμυσεπήληκιhelmetπήληξ · dative singular feminine nounobject of βαρυνθένβαρυνθένweighed downβαρύνω · aorist passive participle, accusative singular neutermodifies κάρη - 309
Teucer sent another arrow from the string,
ΤεῦκροςTeucerΤεῦκρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἴαλλενδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄλλονanotherἄλλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὀϊστὸνὀϊστὸνarrowὀιστός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἴαλλενἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionνευρῆφινstringνευρή · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἀπὸἴαλλενsentἰάλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 310
straight at Hector, for his heart desired to strike him.
Metre
Ἕκτοροςἀντικρύ‖βαλέεινδέἑἵετοθυμός
ἝκτοροςHectorἝκτωρ · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀντικρύἀντικρύstraight atἀντικρύ · prepositionprepositionβαλέεινstrikeβάλλω · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἵετοδέforδέ · particlecoordinating wordἑhimἕ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of βαλέεινἵετοdesiredἵημι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθυμόςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἵετο - 311
Yet then too he missed, for Apollo turned the shaft aside;
Metre
ἀλλὅγεκαὶτόθἅμαρτε‖παρέσφηλενγὰρἈπόλλων
ἀλλyetἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἅμαρτεγεevenγε · particleemphasizing particleκαὶtooκαί · adverbemphasizing particleτόθthenτόθι · adverbadverbial to ἅμαρτεἅμαρτεmissedἁμαρτάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπαρέσφηλενturned asideπαρασφάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of παρέσφηλεν - 312
but bold Archeptolemus, Hector's charioteer;
Metre
ἀλλἈρχεπτόλεμον‖θρασὺνἝκτοροςἡνιοχῆα
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἈρχεπτόλεμονArcheptolemusἈρχεπτόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectθρασὺνboldθρασύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἡνιοχῆαἝκτοροςHectorἝκτωρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἡνιοχῆαἡνιοχῆαcharioteerἡνιοχεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject - 313
as he rushed into battle, Teucer struck him in the chest beside the nipple.
Metre
ἱέμενονπόλεμον‖δὲβάλεστῆθοςπαρὰμαζόν
ἱέμενονrushingἵημι · present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementπόλεμονbattleπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἱέμενονδὲasδέ · particleemphasizing particleβάλεstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbστῆθοςchestστῆθος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of βάλεπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionμαζόνnippleμαστός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to παρὰ - 314
He fell from the chariot, and his swift-footed horses swerved away,
Metre
ἤριπεἐξὀχέων‖ὑπερώησανδέοἱἵπποι
ἤριπεfellἐρείπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionὀχέωνchariotὄχος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἐξὑπερώησανswerved awayὑπερωέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἵπποιἵπποιhorsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ὑπερώησαν - 315
and there his life and strength were loosed.
Metre
ὠκύποδεςτοῦαὖθι‖λύθηψυχήτεμένοςτε
ὠκύποδεςswift-footedὠκύπους · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵπποιτοῦhisὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies τεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖθιthereαὖθι · adverbadverbial to λύθηλύθηloosedλύω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbψυχήlifeψυχή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 316
Dread grief for his charioteer covered Hector's heart,
Metre
Ἕκτορααἰνὸνἄχος‖πύκασεφρέναςἡνιόχοιο
ἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of πύκασεδforδέ · particlecoordinating wordαἰνὸνdreadαἰνός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἄχοςἄχοςgriefἄχος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of πύκασεπύκασεcoveredπυκάζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφρέναςheartφρήν · accusative plural masculine nounobject of πύκασεἡνιόχοιοdriverἡνίοχος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἄχος - 317
but he left him lying there, though grieving for his comrade,
Metre
τὸνμὲνἔπειτεἴασε‖καὶἀχνύμενόςπερἑταίρου
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of εἴασεμὲνwhileμέν · particlesentence particleἔπειτthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to εἴασεεἴασεleftἐάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἀχνύμενόςgrievingἀχεύω · present passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἴασεπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἑταίρουcomradeἑταῖρος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀχνύμενός - 318
and ordered his brother Cebriones, who stood nearby,
Metre
Κεβριόνηνἐκέλευσεν‖ἀδελφεὸνἐγγὺςἐόντα
ΚεβριόνηνCebrionesΚεβριόνης · accusative singular masculine nounobjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐκέλευσενorderedκελεύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀδελφεὸνhis brotherἀδελφός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἐγγὺςnearbyἐγγύς · adverbadverbial to ἐόνταἐόνταwho wasεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculinemodifies Κεβριόνην - 319
to take the horses' reins; hearing, he did not disobey.
Metre
ἵππωνἡνίἑλεῖν‖ὃἄροὐκἀπίθησενἀκούσας
ἵππωνhorsesἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἡνί̓ἡνίreinsἡνίον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἑλεῖνἑλεῖνtakeαἱρέω · future active infinitiveobject of ἐκέλευσενὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀπίθησενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἀπίθησενdisobeyedἀπιθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀκούσαςhearingἀκούω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀπίθησεν - 320
Hector himself leapt down from the shining chariot
αὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionδίφροιοchariotδίφρος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκχαμαὶdownχαμαί · adverbobject of θόρεθόρεleaptθρῴσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπαμφανόωντοςall-shiningπαμφανόων · present active participle, genitive singular masculinemodifies δίφροιο - 321
with a dreadful cry, and took up a stone in his hand.
Metre
σμερδαλέαἰάχων‖ὃδὲχερμάδιονλάβεχειρί
σμερδαλέαdreadfullyσμερδαλέος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἰάχωνἰάχωνcrying aloudἰάχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to θόρεὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δ̓δὲandδέ · particlesentence particleχερμάδιονstoneχερμάδιον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of λάβελάβεseizedλαμβάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχειρίhandχείρ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to λάβε - 322
He went straight at Teucer, his heart commanding him to strike.
Metre
βῆἰθὺςΤεύκρου‖βαλέεινδέἑθυμὸςἀνώγει
βῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἰθὺςstraight atἰθύς · prepositionprepositionΤεύκρουTeucerΤεῦκρος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἰθὺςβαλέεινstrikeβάλλω · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἀνώγειδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἑhimἕ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀνώγειθυμὸςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀνώγειἀνώγειcommandedἄνωγα · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 323
Teucer had drawn a bitter arrow from his quiver
Metre
ἤτοιὃμὲνφαρέτρης‖ἐξείλετοπικρὸνὀϊστόν
ἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δ̓μὲνon the one handμέν · particlesentence particleφαρέτρηςfrom his quiverφαρέτρα · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐξείλετοἐξείλετοhad takenἐξαιρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπικρὸνbitterπικρός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὀϊστόνὀϊστόνarrowὀιστός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐξείλετο - 324
and set it on the string; but Hector of the flashing helm,
θῆκεsetτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπὶonἐπί · prepositionprepositionνευρῇbowstringνευρά · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπὶτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of βάλενδbutδέ · particlesentence particleαὖagainαὖ · adverbsentence particleκορυθαίολοςof the flashing helmκορυθαίολος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δέ - 325
as Teucer drew, beside the shoulder where the collarbone divides
Metre
αὐερύονταπαρὦμον‖ὅθικληῒςἀποέργει
αὐερύονταdrawingαὐερύω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionὦμονshoulderὦμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of παῤὅθιwhereὅθι · adverbadverbial to δὲκληῒςcollarboneκλείς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἀποέργειἀποέργειdividesἀπείργω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δὲ - 326
the neck and chest, the deadliest spot;
Metre
αὐχένατεστῆθός‖τεμάλισταδὲκαίριόνἐστι
αὐχέναthe neckαὐχήν · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleστῆθόςchestστῆθος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordμάλισταabove allμάλιστα · adverbemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαίριόνa deadly placeκαίριος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἐστιisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δὲ - 327
there, as Teucer aimed at him, Hector struck with the rugged stone,
Metre
τῇἐπὶοἷμεμαῶτα‖βάλενλίθῳὀκριόεντι
τῇthereὁ · dative singular feminine pronounadverbial to βάλενῥthenἆρα · particlesentence particleἐπὶatἐπί · prepositionprepositionοἷhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπὶμεμαῶταaimingμέμαα · perfect active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementβάλενstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbλίθῳstoneλίθος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to βάλενὀκριόεντιjaggedὀκριόεις · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies λίθῳ - 328
and broke Teucer's bowstring; his hand went numb at the wrist.
Metre
ῥῆξεδέοἱνευρήν‖νάρκησεδὲχεὶρἐπὶκαρπῷ
ῥῆξεbrokeῥήγνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies νευρήννευρήνbowstringνευρά · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ῥῆξενάρκησεwent numbναρκάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleχεὶρhandχείρ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of νάρκησεἐπὶatἐπί · prepositionprepositionκαρπῷwristκαρπός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐπὶ - 329
He fell upon his knees, and the bow dropped from his hand.
Metre
στῆδὲγνὺξἐριπών‖τόξονδέοἱἔκπεσεχειρός
στῆcame to restἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleγνὺξon his kneesγνύξ · adverbadverbial to ἐριπώνἐριπώνhaving fallenἐρείπω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to στῆτόξονbowτόξον · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔκπεσεδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔκπεσεἔκπεσεfellἐκπίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχειρόςhis handχείρ · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἔκπεσε - 330
Ajax did not neglect his fallen brother,
Metre
Αἴαςοὐκἀμέλησε‖κασιγνήτοιοπεσόντος
ΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καίδandδέ · particlesentence particleοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἀμέλησεneglectἀμελέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκασιγνήτοιοbrotherκασίγνητος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀμέλησεπεσόντοςfallenπίπτω · aorist active participle, genitive singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 331
but ran to stand over him and covered him with his shield.
Metre
ἀλλὰθέωνπερίβη‖καίοἱσάκοςἀμφεκάλυψε
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctionsentence particleθέωνrunningθέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to περίβηπερίβηstood overπεριβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀμφεκάλυψεσάκοςshieldσάκος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀμφεκάλυψεἀμφεκάλυψεcoveredἀμφικαλύπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 332
Then two loyal companions stooped and took him up,
Metre
τὸνμὲνἔπειθὑποδύντε‖δύωἐρίηρεςἑταῖροι
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of φερέτηνμὲνthenμέν · particlesentence particleἔπειθthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to φερέτηνὑποδύντεstooping beneathὑποδύομαι · aorist active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to φερέτηνδύωtwoδύο · numeralmodifies ἑταῖροιἐρίηρεςtrustedἐρίηρος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἑταῖροιἑταῖροιcompanionsἑταῖρος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject - 333
Mecisteus, son of Echius, and godlike Alastor,
Metre
ΜηκιστεὺςἘχίοιο‖πάϊςκαὶδῖοςἈλάστωρ
ΜηκιστεὺςMecisteusΜηκιστεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἘχίοιοEchiusἘχίος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πάϊςπάϊςsonπαῖς · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordδῖοςgodlikeδῖος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈλάστωρἈλάστωρAlastorἈλάστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 334
and bore him to the hollow ships, groaning heavily.
Metre
νῆαςἔπιγλαφυρὰς‖φερέτηνβαρέαστενάχοντα
νῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἔπιἔπιtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionγλαφυρὰςhollowγλαφυρός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςφερέτηνbore himφέρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbβαρέαheavilyβαρύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to στενάχονταστενάχονταgroaningστενάχω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 335
Once more the Olympian roused strength in the Trojans;
Metre
ἂψαὖτιςΤρώεσσιν‖Ὀλύμπιοςἐνμένοςὦρσεν
ἂψbackἄψ · adverbadverbial to ὦρσενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτιςonce moreαὖθις · adverbadverbial to ὦρσενΤρώεσσινTrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ὦρσενὈλύμπιοςOlympianὈλύμπιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of ὦρσενἐνinἐν · prepositionemphasizing particleμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ὦρσενὦρσενrousedὄρνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 336
and straight toward the deep trench they drove the Achaeans;
Metre
οἳἰθὺςτάφροιο‖βαθείηςὦσανἈχαιούς
οἳtheyὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ὦσανδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἰθὺςstraight towardἰθύς · prepositionprepositionτάφροιοtrenchτάφρος · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἰθὺςβαθείηςdeepβαθύς · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies τάφροιοὦσανdroveὠθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ὦσαν - 337
Hector strode among the foremost, exulting in his might.
Metre
Ἕκτωρἐνπρώτοισι‖κίεσθένεϊβλεμεαίνων
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κίεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionπρώτοισιthe foremostπρότερος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐνκίεwentκίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbσθένεϊstrengthσθένος · dative singular neuter nounobject of βλεμεαίνωνβλεμεαίνωνexultingβλεμεαίνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κίε - 338
As when a hound, pursuing with swift feet,
Metre
ὡςὅτετίςτεκύων‖συὸςἀγρίουἠὲλέοντος
ὡςasὡς · conjunctionadverbialδasδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτίςsomeτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies κύωντεeverτε · particleemphasizing particleκύωνhoundκύων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τεσυὸςboarὗς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἠὲἀγρίουwildἄγριος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies συὸςἠὲorἠέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordλέοντοςlionλέων · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἠὲ - 339
closes from behind upon a wild boar or lion,
Metre
ἅπτηταικατόπισθε‖ποσὶνταχέεσσιδιώκων
ἅπτηταιcloses onἅπτω · present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbialκατόπισθεfrom behindκατόπισθεν · adverbadverbial to διώκωνποσὶνfeetπούς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to διώκωνταχέεσσιswiftταχύς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ποσὶνδιώκωνpursuingδιώκω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἅπτηται - 340
snapping at haunches and buttocks, and watches it wheel,
Metre
ἰσχίατεγλουτούς‖τεἑλισσόμενόντεδοκεύει
ἰσχίαhaunchesἰσχίον · accusative plural neuter nounadverbial to τετεandτε · particlesentence particleγλουτούςbuttocksγλουτός · accusative plural masculine nounadverbial to τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordἑλισσόμενόνwheelingἑλίσσω · present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordδοκεύειwatchesδοκεύω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial - 341
so Hector pressed the long-haired Achaeans close,
Metre
ὣςἝκτωρὤπαζε‖κάρηκομόωνταςἈχαιούς
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ὤπαζεἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὤπαζεὤπαζεpressedὀπάζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκάρηheadsκάρα · accusative singular neuter nounmodifies κομόωνταςκομόωνταςlong-hairedκομάω · present active participle, accusative plural masculinemodifies ἈχαιούςἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ὤπαζε - 342
always killing the hindmost; and they fled in fear.
Metre
αἰὲνἀποκτείνων‖τὸνὀπίστατονοἳδὲφέβοντο
αἰὲνalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἀποκτείνωνἀποκτείνωνkillingἀποκτείνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὤπαζετὸνthe oneὁ · accusative singular masculine articlemodifies ὀπίστατονὀπίστατονhindmostὀπίστατος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἀποκτείνωνοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of φέβοντοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordφέβοντοfledφέβομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 343
But when in flight they had crossed the stakes and trench,
Metre
αὐτὰρἐπεὶδιάτε‖σκόλοπαςκαὶτάφρονἔβησαν
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδιάacrossζεύς · accusative singular masculine nounprepositionτεandτε · particlesentence particleσκόλοπαςstakesσκόλοψ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordτάφρονtrenchτάφρος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶἔβησανcrossedβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to δὲ - 344
and many had fallen beneath the Trojans' hands,
Metre
φεύγοντεςπολλοὶ‖δὲδάμενΤρώωνὑπὸχερσίν
φεύγοντεςfleeingφεύγω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἔβησανπολλοὶmanyπολύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of δάμενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδάμενhad fallenδαμάζω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to δὲΤρώωνTrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies χερσίνὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionχερσίνhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of ὑπὸ - 345
they halted beside the ships and held their ground,
Metre
οἳμὲνδὴπαρὰνηυσὶν‖ἐρητύοντομένοντες
οἳtheyὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of τεμὲνthenμέν · particlesentence particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶνthe shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of παρὰἐρητύοντοhaltedἐρητύω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbμένοντεςholding groundμένω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐρητύοντο - 346
calling to one another and to all the gods,
Metre
ἀλλήλοισίτεκεκλόμενοι‖καὶπᾶσιθεοῖσι
ἀλλήλοισίone anotherἀλλήλων · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of κεκλόμενοιτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordκεκλόμενοιcallingκέλομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπᾶσιallπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοῖσιθεοῖσιgodsθεός · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀνίσχοντες - 347
each lifting his hands and praying aloud.
Metre
χεῖραςἀνίσχοντες‖μεγάλεὐχετόωντοἕκαστος
χεῖραςhandsχείρ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἀνίσχοντεςἀνίσχοντεςliftingἀνέχω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to καὶμεγάλaloudμέγας · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to εὐχετόωντοεὐχετόωντοprayingεὐχετάομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἕκαστοςeachἕκαστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 348
But Hector wheeled his lovely-maned horses round and round,
Metre
Ἕκτωρἀμφιπεριστρώφα‖καλλίτριχαςἵππους
ἝκτωρHectorἕκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀμφιπεριστρώφαδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀμφιπεριστρώφαwheeled aboutἀμφιπεριστρωφάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαλλίτριχαςfair-manedκαλλίθριξ · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἀμφιπεριστρώφα - 349
with the Gorgon's eyes and those of Ares, bane of mortals.
Metre
Γοργοῦςὄμματἔχων‖ἠδὲβροτολοιγοῦἌρηος
ΓοργοῦςGorgon'sΓοργώ · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἠδὲὄμματeyesὄμμα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔχωνἔχωνbearingἔχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀμφιπεριστρώφαἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordβροτολοιγοῦbane of mortalsβροτολοιγός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἌρηοςἌρηοςof AresἌρης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἠδὲ - 350
Seeing them, the goddess white-armed Hera pitied them,
Metre
τοὺςδὲἰδοῦσἐλέησε‖θεὰλευκώλενοςἭρη
τοὺςthemὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ἐλέησεδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleἰδοῦσseeingεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἐλέησεἐλέησεpitiedἐλεέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθεὰgoddessθεά · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectλευκώλενοςwhite-armedλευκώλενος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἭρηἭρηHeraἭρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject - 351
and at once addressed Athena with winged words:
Metre
αἶψαἈθηναίην‖ἔπεαπτερόενταπροσηύδα
αἶψαat onceαἶψα · adverbadverbial to προσηύδαδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἈθηναίηνAthenaἈθήνη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of προσηύδαἔπεαwordsἔπος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of προσηύδαπτερόενταwingedπτερόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔπεαπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 352
"Ah, child of Zeus who bears the aegis, shall we no longer
Metre
ὢπόποιαἰγιόχοιο‖Διὸςτέκοςοὐκέτινῶϊ
ὢahὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleπόποιalasπόποι · interjectionsentence particleαἰγιόχοιοwho bears the aegisαἰγίοχος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιὸςΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies τέκοςτέκοςchildτέκος · vocative singular neuter noungoverned by an elided headοὐκέτιno longerοὐκέτι · adverbemphasizing particleνῶϊweἐγώ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of κεκαδησόμεθ̓ - 353
care for the dying Danaans, even at the last?
Metre
ὀλλυμένωνΔαναῶν‖κεκαδησόμεθὑστάτιόνπερ
ὀλλυμένωνdyingὄλλυμι · present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculinemodifies ΔαναῶνΔαναῶνDanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounobject of κεκαδησόμεθ̓κεκαδησόμεθcareκήδω · future perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbὑστάτιόνat the lastὑστάτιος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to κεκαδησόμεθ̓περevenπέρ · particleemphasizing particle - 354
who now shall fill their wretched fate and perish.
Metre
οἵκενδὴκακὸνοἶτον‖ἀναπλήσαντεςὄλωνται
οἵwhoὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ὄλωνταικενshallἄν · particleemphasizing particleδὴnowδή · particlesentence particleκακὸνevilκακός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies οἶτονοἶτονdoomοἶτος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀναπλήσαντεςἀναπλήσαντεςfulfillἀναπίμπλημι · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ὄλωνταιὄλωνταιperishὄλλυμι · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 355
beneath one man's assault; and he rages past endurance,
Metre
ἀνδρὸςἑνὸςῥιπῇ‖ὃδὲμαίνεταιοὐκέτἀνεκτῶς
ἀνδρὸςman’sἀνήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ῥιπῇἑνὸςoneεἷς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἀνδρὸςῥιπῇassaultῥιπή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ὄλωνταιὃheὁ · articlesubjectδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleμαίνεταιragesμαίνομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶοὐκέτno longerοὐκέτι · adverbemphasizing particleἀνεκτῶςbearablyἀνεκτός · adverbadverbial to μαίνεται - 356
Hector, son of Priam, and has wrought much evil."
Metre
ἝκτωρΠριαμίδης‖καὶδὴκακὰπολλὰἔοργε
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectΠριαμίδηςson of PriamΠριαμίδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἕκτωρκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleκακὰevilκακός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἔοργεπολλὰmuchπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies κακὰἔοργεhas doneἔρδω · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶ - 357
Then the goddess, bright-eyed Athena, said to her:
Metre
τὴναὖτεπροσέειπε‖θεὰγλαυκῶπιςἈθήνη
τὴνherὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of προσέειπεδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτεthenαὖτε · adverbsentence particleπροσέειπεaddressedπροσεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθεὰgoddessθεά · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectγλαυκῶπιςbright-eyedγλαυκῶπις · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies θεὰἈθήνηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject - 358
"Would that this man might lose his strength and life
καὶindeedκαί · conjunctionsentence particleλίηνutterlyλίαν · adverbadverbial to ὀλέσειεοὗτόςthis manοὗτος · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of ὀλέσειεγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of τ̓θυμόνlifeθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τ̓τandτε · particlecoordinating wordὀλέσειεloseὄλλυμι · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 359
beneath the Argives' hands, dead in his native land!
χερσὶνhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of ὑπ̓ὑπbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionἈργείωνthe ArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies χερσὶνφθίμενοςdeadφθίω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὀλέσειεἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionπατρίδιnativeπατρίς · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies γαίῃγαίῃlandγαῖα · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐν - 360
But my father rages in no sound mind,
Metre
ἀλλὰπατὴροὑμὸς‖φρεσὶμαίνεταιοὐκἀγαθῇσι
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleπατὴρfatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of μαίνεταιοὑμὸςmyἐμός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πατὴρφρεσὶmindφρήν · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to μαίνεταιμαίνεταιragesμαίνομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοὐκnoοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἀγαθῇσιgoodἀγαθός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies φρεσὶ - 361
hard-hearted, ever perverse, a check upon my purposes;
Metre
σχέτλιοςαἰὲνἀλιτρός‖ἐμῶνμενέωνἀπερωεύς
σχέτλιοςcruelσχέτλιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementαἰὲνeverἀεί · adverbemphasizing particleἀλιτρόςperverseἀλιτρός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐμῶνmyἐμός · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies μενέωνμενέωνpurposesμένος · genitive plural neuter nounmodifies ἀπερωεύςἀπερωεύςa check uponἀπερωεύς · nominative singular masculine nouncircumstantial complement - 362
nor does he remember how very often I saved his son,
Metre
οὐδέτιτῶνμέμνηται‖ὅοἱμάλαπολλάκιςυἱὸν
τιanythingτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to μέμνηταιτῶνof themὁ · genitive plural neuter pronounobject of ,μέμνηταιremembersμιμνήσκω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὅhowὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounsubordinating conjunctionοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies υἱὸνμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleπολλάκιςoftenπολλάκις · adverbadverbial to σώεσκονυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of σώεσκον - 363
worn down beneath the labors laid on him by Eurystheus.
Metre
τειρόμενονσώεσκον‖ὑπΕὐρυσθῆοςἀέθλων
τειρόμενονwornτείρω · present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementσώεσκονI savedσώω · imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verbobject of ὅὑπbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionΕὐρυσθῆοςEurystheusΕὐρυσθεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἀέθλωνἀέθλωνstrugglesἆθλος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ὑπ̓ - 364
He would weep toward heaven, and Zeus would send me
Metre
ἤτοιὃμὲνκλαίεσκε‖πρὸςοὐρανόναὐτὰρἐμὲΖεὺς
ἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of κλαίεσκεμὲνon the one handμέν · particlesentence particleκλαίεσκεwould weepκλαίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπρὸςtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionοὐρανόνheavenοὐρανός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of πρὸςαὐτὰρandἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordἐμὲmeἐγώ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of προΐαλλενΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προΐαλλεν - 365
down from heaven to stand beside him and defend him.
Metre
τῷἐπαλεξήσουσαν‖ἀποὐρανόθενπροΐαλλεν
τῷfor himὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπαλεξήσουσανἐπαλεξήσουσανdefendἐπαλέξω · future active participle, accusative singular femininecircumstantial complementἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionοὐρανόθενfrom heavenοὐρανόθεν · adverbobject of ἀπ̓προΐαλλενsent meπροιάλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 366
If only I had known this in my shrewd heart
Metre
εἰγὰρἐγὼτάδεᾔδε‖ἐνὶφρεσὶπευκαλίμῃσιν
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ᾔδἐτάδεthisὅδε · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of ᾔδἐᾔδεhad knownοἶδα · pluperfect active indicative, 1st singular verbadverbial to εἰἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionφρεσὶheartφρήν · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐνὶπευκαλίμῃσινprudentπευκάλιμος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies φρεσὶ - 367
when Eurystheus sent him to Hades the gatekeeper,
Metre
εὖτέμινεἰςἈΐδαο‖πυλάρταοπροὔπεμψεν
εὖτέwhenεὖτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προὔπεμψενεἰςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἈΐδαοof HadesἈΐδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifiesπυλάρταοgate-keeperπυλάρτης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀΐδαοπροὔπεμψενsent himπροπέμπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εὖτέ - 368
to bring the dog of hateful Hades up from Erebus,
Metre
ἐξἘρέβευςἄξοντα‖κύναστυγεροῦἈΐδαο
ἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionἘρέβευςErebusἜρεβος · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἐξἄξονταbringἄγω · future active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementκύναdogκύων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἄξονταστυγεροῦhatefulστυγερός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈΐδαοἈΐδαοof HadesἈΐδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κύνα - 369
he would not have escaped the steep streams of the Styx.
Metre
οὐκἂνὑπεξέφυγε‖Στυγὸςὕδατοςαἰπὰῥέεθρα
οὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἂνwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleὑπεξέφυγεescapedὑπεκφεύγω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΣτυγὸςStyxΣτύξ · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ὕδατοςὕδατοςwaterὕδωρ · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies ῥέεθρααἰπὰsheerαἰπός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ῥέεθραῥέεθραstreamsῥεῖθρον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ὑπεξέφυγε - 370
Now he hates me, but has fulfilled the plans of Thetis,
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to δ̓δbutδέ · particlesentence particleἐμὲmeἐγώ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of στυγέειμὲνon the one handμέν · particlesentence particleστυγέειhatesστυγέω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΘέτιδοςThetisΘέτις · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies βουλάςδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐξήνυσεfulfilledἐξανύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβουλάςplansβουλή · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐξήνυσε - 371
who kissed his knees and grasped his chin in her hand,
Metre
ἥοἱγούνατἔκυσσε‖καὶἔλλαβεχειρὶγενείου
ἥwhoὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of καὶοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies γούνατ̓γούνατkneesγόνυ · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔκυσσεἔκυσσεkissedκυνέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἔλλαβεgraspedλαμβάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶχειρὶhandχείρ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἔλλαβεγενείουchinγένειον · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἔλλαβε - 372
begging him to honor Achilles, sacker of cities.
Metre
λισσομένητιμῆσαι‖Ἀχιλλῆαπτολίπορθον
λισσομένηentreatingλίσσομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to καὶτιμῆσαιhonorτιμάω · aorist active infinitiveobject of λισσομένηἈχιλλῆαAchillesἈχιλλεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τιμῆσαιπτολίπορθονsacker of citiesπτολίπορθος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχιλλῆα - 373
A time will surely come when he calls me his dear bright-eyed one again.
Metre
ἔσταιμὰνὅτἂναὖτε‖φίληνγλαυκώπιδαεἴπῃ
ἔσταιwill beεἰμί · future indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμὰνsurelyμήν · particlesentence particleὅτwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἂνeverἄν · particleemphasizing particleαὖτεagainαὖτε · adverbadverbial to εἴπῃφίληνdearφίλος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies γλαυκώπιδαγλαυκώπιδαbright-eyedγλαυκῶπις · accusative singular feminine nouncomplement of εἴπῃεἴπῃmay sayεἶπον · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτ̓ - 374
But now harness our single-hoofed horses for us,
Metre
ἀλλὰσὺμὲννῦννῶϊν‖ἐπέντυεμώνυχαςἵππους
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleμὲνfor your partμέν · particlesentence particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἐπέντυενῶϊνfor usἐγώ · dative dual feminine pronounobject of ἐπέντυεἐπέντυεharnessἐπεντύνω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbμώνυχαςsingle-hoofedμῶνυξ · accusative plural feminine nounmodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπέντυε - 375
while I enter the hall of Zeus who bears the aegis
Metre
ὄφρἂνἐγὼκαταδῦσα‖Διὸςδόμοναἰγιόχοιο
ὄφρwhileὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἂνeverἄν · particleemphasizing particleἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of θωρήξομαικαταδῦσαenterκαταδύω · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to θωρήξομαιΔιὸςZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies δόμονδόμονthe houseδόμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καταδῦσααἰγιόχοιοwho bears the aegisαἰγίοχος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Διὸς - 376
and arm myself in battle gear, so I may see
Metre
τεύχεσινἐςπόλεμον‖θωρήξομαιὄφραἴδωμαι
τεύχεσινarmorτεῦχος · dative plural neuter nounobject of θωρήξομαιἐςinεἰς · prepositionprepositionπόλεμονbattleπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐςθωρήξομαιarmθωρήσσω · aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to ὄφῤὄφραso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἴδωμαιI may seeεἶδον · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to ὄφρα - 377
whether Priam's son, Hector of the flashing helm,
ἢwhetherἤ · conjunctionsentence particleνῶϊusἐγώ · accusative dual feminine pronounobject of γηθήσειΠριάμοιοPriam'sΠρίαμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πάϊςπάϊςsonπαῖς · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectκορυθαίολοςof the flashing helmκορυθαίολος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 378
will rejoice when we appear upon the causeways of battle,
Metre
γηθήσειπροφανέντε‖ἀνὰπτολέμοιογεφύρας
γηθήσειwill rejoiceγηθέω · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of ἦπροφανέντεwhen we appearπροφαίνω · aorist passive participle, accusative dual femininecircumstantial complementἀνὰuponἀνά · prepositionprepositionπτολέμοιοof battleπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies γεφύραςγεφύραςcausewaysγέφυρα · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἀνὰ - 379
or whether some Trojan too will glut the dogs and birds
Metre
ἦτιςκαὶΤρώων‖κορέεικύναςἠδοἰωνοὺς
ἦorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordτιςsomeτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of κορέεικαὶtooκαί · adverbemphasizing particleΤρώωνTrojanΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies τιςκορέειglutκορέννυμι · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of ἦκύναςthe dogsκύων · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἠδ̓ἠδandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordοἰωνοὺςthe birdsοἰωνός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἠδ̓ - 380
with his fat and flesh, fallen by the Achaeans' ships."
Metre
δημῷκαὶσάρκεσσι‖πεσὼνἐπὶνηυσὶνἈχαιῶν
δημῷfatδημός · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordσάρκεσσιfleshσάρξ · dative plural feminine nounobject of καὶπεσὼνfallenπίπτω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κορέειἐπὶbyἐπί · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶνshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐπὶἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶν - 381
So she spoke, and the goddess white-armed Hera did not disobey,
Metre
ὣςἔφατοὐδἀπίθησε‖θεὰλευκώλενοςἭρη
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατspokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀπίθησεdid not disobeyἀπιθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθεὰgoddessθεά · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectλευκώλενοςwhite-armedλευκώλενος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἭρηἭρηHeraἭρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject - 382
Hera went among the horses and harnessed the gold-frontleted team,
Metre
ἣμὲνἐποιχομένη‖χρυσάμπυκαςἔντυενἵππους
ἣsheὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubjectμὲνon the one handμέν · particlesentence particleἐποιχομένηgoing amongἐποίχομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἔντυενχρυσάμπυκαςgold-frontletedχρυσάμπυξ · accusative plural feminine nounmodifies ἵππουςἔντυενharnessed̓ἐνψύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἔντυεν - 383
the august goddess, daughter of great Cronos;
Metre
Ἥρηπρέσβαθεὰ‖θυγάτηρμεγάλοιοΚρόνοιο
ἭρηHeraἭρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectπρέσβαaugustπρέσβα · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies θεὰθεὰgoddessθεά · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectθυγάτηρdaughterθυγάτηρ · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectμεγάλοιοgreatμέγας · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΚρόνοιοΚρόνοιοCronosΚρόνος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θυγάτηρ - 384
But Athena, daughter of Zeus who bears the aegis,
Metre
αὐτὰρἈθηναίη‖κούρηΔιὸςαἰγιόχοιο
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἈθηναίηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectκούρηdaughterκόρη · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κούρηαἰγιόχοιοwho bears the aegisαἰγίοχος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Διὸς - 385
let fall her soft robe upon her father's floor,
Metre
πέπλονμὲνκατέχευεν‖ἑανὸνπατρὸςἐποὔδει
πέπλονrobeπέπλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κατέχευενμὲνon the one handμέν · particlesentence particleκατέχευενlet fallκαταχεύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἑανὸνsoftἑανός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πέπλονπατρὸςher father'sπατήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies οὔδειἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionοὔδειfloorοὖδας · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἐπ̓ - 386
richly patterned, which she herself had made and wrought with her hands;
ποικίλονrichly wroughtποικίλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ,ὅνwhichὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of καὶῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleαὐτὴherselfαὐτός · nominative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementποιήσατοhad madeποιέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκάμεwroughtκάμνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶχερσίνwith her handsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to κάμε - 387
then, putting on the tunic of Zeus the cloud-gatherer,
Metre
ἣδὲχιτῶνἐνδῦσα‖Διὸςνεφεληγερέταο
ἣsheὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of θωρήσσετοδὲthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordχιτῶνtunicχιτών · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐνδῦσαἐνδῦσαput onἐνδύω · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to θωρήσσετοΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies χιτῶν̓νεφεληγερέταοcloud-gathererνεφεληγερέτα · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Διὸς - 388
she arrayed herself in armor for tearful war.
Metre
τεύχεσινἐςπόλεμον‖θωρήσσετοδακρυόεντα
τεύχεσινarmorτεῦχος · dative plural neuter nounobject of θωρήσσετοἐςforεἰς · prepositionprepositionπόλεμονwarπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐςθωρήσσετοarrayed herselfθωρήσσω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδακρυόενταtearfulδακρυόεις · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πόλεμον - 389
She stepped with her feet into the flaming chariot and took up her spear,
ἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionδandδέ · particlesentence particleὄχεαchariotὄχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐςφλόγεαflamingφλόγεος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ὄχεαποσὶwith her feetπούς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to βήσετοβήσετοsteppedβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbλάζετοtook upλάζομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of λάζετο - 390
heavy, huge, and strong, with which she subdues the ranks
Metre
βριθὺμέγαστιβαρόν‖τῷδάμνησιστίχαςἀνδρῶν
βριθὺheavyβριθύς · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ,μέγαhugeμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ,στιβαρόνsturdyστιβαρός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ,τῷwith whichὁ · dative singular neuter pronounadverbial to δάμνησιδάμνησιshe subduesδάμνημι · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ,στίχαςranksστίξ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of δάμνησιἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies στίχας - 391
of heroes against whom she, daughter of a mighty father, is angered.
Metre
ἡρώωντοῖσίν‖τεκοτέσσεταιὀβριμοπάτρη
ἡρώωνof heroesἥρως · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἀνδρῶντοῖσίνwhomὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of κοτέσσεταιτεandτε · particlesentence particleκοτέσσεταιshe is angeredκοτέω · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἀνδρῶνὀβριμοπάτρηmighty-fatheredὀβριμοπάτρη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of κοτέσσεται - 392
Then Hera swiftly plied the whip over the horses;
ἭρηHeraἭρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐπεμαίετ̓δὲthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordμάστιγιwhipμάστιξ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐπεμαίετ̓θοῶςswiftlyθοός · adverbadverbial to ἐπεμαίετ̓ἐπεμαίετpliedἐπιμαίομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπεμαίετ̓ - 393
and of themselves the gates of heaven groaned, which the Hours guarded,
Metre
αὐτόματαιδὲπύλαι‖μύκονοὐρανοῦἃςἔχονὯραι
αὐτόματαιof themselvesαὐτόματος · nominative plural feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπύλαιgatesπύλη · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of μύκονμύκονgroanedμυκάομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbοὐρανοῦheavenοὐρανός · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πύλαιἃςwhichὅς · accusative plural feminine pronounobject of ἔχονἔχονguardedἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing πύλαιὯραιHoursὩρα · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἔχον - 394
to whom great heaven and Olympus are entrusted,
Metre
τῇςἐπιτέτραπται‖μέγαςοὐρανὸςΟὔλυμπόςτε
τῇςto whomὁ · dative plural feminine pronounobject of ἐπιτέτραπταιἐπιτέτραπταιare entrustedἐπιτρέπω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ὧραιμέγαςgreatμέγας · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies οὐρανὸςοὐρανὸςheavenοὐρανός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τεΟὔλυμπόςOlympusὌλυμπος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 395
both to roll back the thick cloud and to draw it over.
Metre
ἠμὲνἀνακλῖναι‖πυκινὸννέφοςἠδἐπιθεῖναι
ἠμὲνbothἠμέν · conjunctionsentence particleἀνακλῖναιto roll backἀνακλίνω · aorist active infinitiveadverbial to ἠδ̓πυκινὸνthickπυκνός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies νέφοςνέφοςcloudνέφος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἠδ̓ἠδandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐπιθεῖναιto draw overἐπιτίθημι · aorist active infinitiveadverbial to ἠδ̓ - 396
Through these they guided the horses responsive to the goad;
Metre
τῇῥαδιαὐτάων‖κεντρηνεκέαςἔχονἵππους
τῇthereτῇ · adverbadverbial to ἔχονῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleδιthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionαὐτάωνthemαὐτός · genitive plural feminine adjectiveobject of δἰκεντρηνεκέαςgoad-responsiveκεντρηνεκής · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἔχονguidedἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἔχον - 397
But father Zeus on Ida saw them and grew terribly angry,
Metre
ΖεὺςδὲπατὴρἼδηθεν‖ἐπεὶἴδεχώσατἄραἰνῶς
ΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓δὲbutδέ · particlesentence particleπατὴρfatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΖεὺςἼδηθενfrom IdaἼδη · adverbadverbial to ἴδεἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἴδεsawεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶχώσατgrew angryχώομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleαἰνῶςterriblyαἰνός · adverbadverbial to χώσατ̓ - 398
and urged golden-winged Iris to carry his message:
Metre
Ἶρινὄτρυνε‖χρυσόπτερονἀγγελέουσαν
ἾρινIrisἾρις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ὄτρυνεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὄτρυνεurgedὀτρύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχρυσόπτερονgold-wingedχρυσόπτερος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἶρινἀγγελέουσανcarry his messageἀγγέλλω · future active participle, accusative singular femininecircumstantial complement - 399
"Go now, swift Iris, turn them back, and do not let them
Metre
βάσκἴθιἾριταχεῖα‖πάλιντρέπεμηδἔαἄντην
βάσκgoβάσκω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἴθιgoεἶμι · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἾριIrisἶρις · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided headταχεῖαswiftταχύς · vocative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἶριπάλινbackπάλιν · adverbadverbial to τρέπετρέπεturn backτρέπω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἔαletἐάω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἄντηνface to faceἄντην · adverbadverbial to ἔρχεσθ̓ - 400
come against me; we shall not meet well in battle.
Metre
ἔρχεσθοὐγὰρκαλὰ‖συνοισόμεθαπτόλεμονδέ
ἔρχεσθcomeἔρχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἔαοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleκαλὰwellκαλός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to συνοισόμεθασυνοισόμεθαshall meetσυμφέρω · future middle indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbπτόλεμονbattleπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of συνοισόμεθαδέandδέ · particleemphasizing particle - 401
For thus I tell you, and this shall be brought to pass:
Metre
ὧδεγὰρἐξερέω‖τὸδὲκαὶτετελεσμένονἔσται
ὧδεthusὧδε · adverbadverbial to ἐξερέωγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐξερέωtellἐξερέω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbτὸthisὁ · nominative singular neuter pronounsubject of ἔσταιδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαὶsurelyκαί · adverbsentence particleτετελεσμένονbrought to passτελέω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuterpredicate nounἔσταιshall beεἰμί · future indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 402
I shall lame beneath their chariot their swift horses,
Metre
γυιώσωμένσφωϊν‖ὑφἅρμασινὠκέαςἵππους
γυιώσωcrippleγυιόω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleσφωϊνtheirσφεῖς · genitive plural feminine pronounmodifies ἵππουςὑφbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionἅρμασινchariotἅρμα · dative plural neuter nounobject of ὑφ̓ὠκέαςswiftὠκύς · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural feminine nounobject of γυιώσω - 403
hurl the two of them from the car, and smash the chariot;
Metre
αὐτὰςἐκδίφρου‖βαλέωκατάἅρματαἄξω
αὐτὰςthemαὐτός · accusative plural feminine adjectiveobject of βαλέωδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionδίφρουchariotδίφρος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκβαλέωhurlβάλλω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbκατάdownκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleθandτε · particlecoordinating wordἅρματαchariotἅρμα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἄξωἄξωsmashἄγνυμι · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 404
nor within ten full circling years
Metre
οὐδέκενἐςδεκάτους‖περιτελλομένουςἐνιαυτοὺς
κενwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleἐςwithinεἰς · prepositionprepositionδεκάτουςtenthδέκατος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἐνιαυτοὺςπεριτελλομένουςcirclingπεριτέλλομαι · present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculinemodifies ἐνιαυτοὺςἐνιαυτοὺςyearsἐνιαυτός · accusative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἐς - 405
will wounds be healed that a thunderbolt may strike;
Metre
ἕλκεἀπαλθήσεσθον‖ἅκενμάρπτῃσικεραυνός
ἕλκεwoundsἕλκος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἀπαλθήσεσθονἀπαλθήσεσθονrecoverἀπαλθαίνομαι · future middle indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbἅthatὅς · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of μάρπτῃσικενmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleμάρπτῃσιmay strikeμάρπτω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἕλκἐκεραυνόςthunderboltκεραυνός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of μάρπτῃσι - 406
so bright-eyed Athena may know what comes of fighting her father.
Metre
ὄφραἰδῇγλαυκῶπις‖ὅτἂνᾧπατρὶμάχηται
ὄφραso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἰδῇknowοἶδα · perfect active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbialγλαυκῶπιςbright-eyedγλαυκῶπις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἰδῇὅτwhatὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἂνmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleᾧherἑός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἂνπατρὶfatherπατήρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of μάχηταιμάχηταιfightμάχομαι · present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verbobject of ὅτ̓ - 407
But against Hera I feel no such outrage or anger,
Metre
Ἥρῃοὔτιτόσον‖νεμεσίζομαιοὐδὲχολοῦμαι
ἭρῃHeraἭρα · dative singular feminine nounobject of δὲδbutδέ · particlesentence particleοὔnoοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to δὲτόσονso muchτόσος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to δὲνεμεσίζομαιblameνεμεσίζομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbχολοῦμαιam angryχολάω · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 408
for she is always accustomed to thwart whatever I say."
Metre
αἰεὶγάρμοιἔωθεν‖ἐνικλᾶνὅττίκενεἴπω
αἰεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἔωθενγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleμοιmeἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐνικλᾶνἔωθενaccustomedἔθω · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐνικλᾶνthwartἐνικλάω · present active infinitiveobject of ἔωθενὅττίwhateverὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκενmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleεἴπωI sayεἶπον · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbobject of ὅττί - 409
So he spoke, and storm-footed Iris rose to carry the message,
Metre
ὣςἔφατὦρτοδὲἾρις‖ἀελλόποςἀγγελέουσα
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὦρτοroseὄρνυμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleἾριςIrisἾρις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ὦρτοἀελλόποςstorm-footedἀελλόπος · nominative singular feminine nounmodifies Ἶριςἀγγελέουσαcarry the messageἀγγέλλω · future active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ὦρτο - 410
and went from the mountains of Ida to high Olympus.
Metre
βῆἐξἸδαίων‖ὀρέωνἐςμακρὸνὌλυμπον
βῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionἸδαίωνIdaἸδαῖος · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies ὀρέωνὀρέωνmountainsὄρος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἐξἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionμακρὸνtallμακρός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὌλυμπονὌλυμπονOlympusὌλυμπος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐς - 411
At the first gates of many-folded Olympus
Metre
πρώτῃσινδὲπύλῃσι‖πολυπτύχουΟὐλύμποιο
πρώτῃσινfirstπρότερος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies πύλῃσιδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπύλῃσιgatesπύλη · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἀντομένηπολυπτύχουmany-foldedπολύπτυχος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΟὐλύμποιοΟὐλύμποιοOlympusὌλυμπος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πύλῃσι - 412
she met and checked them, and told them Zeus's word:
ἀντομένηmetἄντομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to κατέρυκεκατέρυκεkept thereκατερύκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΔιὸςZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies μῦθονδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσφthemσφεῖς · accusative plural feminine pronounobject of ἔννεπεἔννεπεtoldἐνέπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμῦθονwordμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔννεπε - 413
"Where are you two rushing? Why does the heart rage in your breasts?
Metre
πῇμέματοντίσφῶϊν‖ἐνὶφρεσὶμαίνεταιἦτορ
πῇwhereπῆ · pronounobject of μέματονμέματονare eagerμέμαα · perfect active indicative, 2nd dual verbmain verbτίwhyτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to μαίνεταισφῶϊνyourσύ · dative dual pronounmodifies ἦτορἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionφρεσὶbreastsφρήν · dative plural nounadverbial to ἐνὶμαίνεταιragesμαίνομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἦτορheartἦτορ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of μαίνεται - 414
The son of Cronos will not let you defend the Argives.
Metre
οὐκἐάᾳΚρονίδης‖ἐπαμυνέμενἈργείοισιν
οὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἐάᾳletἐάω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΚρονίδηςson of CronosΚρονίδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐάᾳἐπαμυνέμενdefendἐπαμύνω · present active infinitiveobject of ἐάᾳἈργείοισινthe ArgivesἈργεῖος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐπαμυνέμεν - 415
For this is the threat the son of Cronos made, and he will fulfill it:
Metre
ὧδεγὰρἠπείλησε‖Κρόνουπάϊςᾗτελέειπερ
ὧδεin this wayὧδε · adverbadverbial to ἠπείλησεγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἠπείλησεmade this threatἀπειλέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΚρόνουCronosΚρόνος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πάϊςπάϊςsonπαῖς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠπείλησεᾗasᾗ · adverbadverbial to τελέειτελέειfulfillτέλλω · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἠπείλησεπερsurelyπέρ · particleemphasizing particle - 416
he will lame beneath your chariot your swift horses,
Metre
γυιώσεινμὲνσφῶϊν‖ὑφἅρμασινὠκέαςἵππους
γυιώσεινcrippleγυιόω · future active infinitiveobject of θ̓μὲνon the one handμέν · particlesentence particleσφῶϊνyourσύ · dative dual pronounmodifies ἵππουςὑφbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionἅρμασινchariotἅρμα · dative plural neuter nounobject of ὑφ̓ὠκέαςswiftὠκύς · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural feminine nounobject of γυιώσειν - 417
hurl the two of you from the car, and smash the chariot;
Metre
αὐτὰςἐκδίφρου‖βαλέεινκατάἅρματαἄξειν
αὐτὰςyouαὐτός · accusative plural feminine adjectiveobject of βαλέεινδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionδίφρουchariotδίφρος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκβαλέεινhurlβάλλω · future active infinitiveobject of θ̓κατάdownκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleθandτε · particlecoordinating wordἅρματαchariotἅρμα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἄξεινἄξεινsmashἄγω · future active infinitiveobject of θ̓ - 418
nor within ten full circling years
Metre
οὐδέκενἐςδεκάτους‖περιτελλομένουςἐνιαυτοὺς
κενwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleἐςwithinεἰς · prepositionprepositionδεκάτουςtenthδέκατος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἐνιαυτοὺςπεριτελλομένουςcirclingπεριτέλλομαι · present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculinemodifies ἐνιαυτοὺςἐνιαυτοὺςyearsἐνιαυτός · accusative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἐς - 419
will wounds be healed that a thunderbolt may strike;
Metre
ἕλκεἀπαλθήσεσθον‖ἅκενμάρπτῃσικεραυνός
ἕλκεwoundsἕλκος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐνιαυτοὺςἀπαλθήσεσθονrecoverἀπαλθαίνομαι · future middle indicative, 2nd dual verbmain verbἅthatὅς · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of μάρπτῃσικενmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleμάρπτῃσιmay strikeμάρπτω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἕλκἐκεραυνόςthunderboltκεραυνός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of μάρπτῃσι - 420
so you may know, bright-eyed one, what comes of fighting your father.
Metre
ὄφραἰδῇςγλαυκῶπι‖ὅτἂνσῷπατρὶμάχηαι
ὄφραso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἰδῇςknowοἶδα · perfect active subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbialγλαυκῶπιbright-eyedγλαυκῶπις · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided headὅτwhatὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἂνmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleσῷyourσός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πατρὶπατρὶfatherπατήρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of μάχηαιμάχηαιfightμάχομαι · present medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verbobject of ὅτ̓ - 421
Against Hera he feels no such outrage or anger,
Metre
Ἥρῃοὔτιτόσον‖νεμεσίζεταιοὐδὲχολοῦται
ἭρῃHeraἭρα · dative singular feminine nounobject of δὲδbutδέ · particlesentence particleοὔnoοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to δὲτόσονso muchτόσος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to δὲνεμεσίζεταιis indignantνεμεσίζομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχολοῦταιis angryχολόω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 422
for she is always accustomed to thwart whatever he says.
Metre
αἰεὶγάροἱἔωθεν‖ἐνικλᾶνὅττικενεἴπῃ
αἰεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἔωθενγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐνικλᾶνἔωθενaccustomedἔθω · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐνικλᾶνthwartἐνικλάω · present active infinitiveobject of ἔωθενὅττιwhateverὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκενmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleεἴπῃsaysεἶπον · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbobject of ἐνικλᾶν - 423
But you, most dreadful dog, unafraid, if truly
Metre
ἀλλὰσύαἰνοτάτη‖κύονἀδεὲςεἰἐτεόνγε
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleσύyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubjectγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleαἰνοτάτηmost dreadfulαἰνός · nominative singular feminine superlative adjectivepredicate nounκύονdogκύων · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided headἀδεὲςfearlessἀδεής · vocative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κύονεἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἐτεόνtrulyἐτεός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to τολμήσειςγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particle - 424
you dare to raise your huge spear against Zeus!"
Metre
τολμήσειςΔιὸςἄντα‖πελώριονἔγχοςἀεῖραι
τολμήσειςdareτολμάω · aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbialΔιὸςZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to ἄνταἄνταagainstἄντα · prepositionprepositionπελώριονhugeπελώριος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀεῖραιἀεῖραιraiseἀείρω · aorist active infinitiveobject of τολμήσεις - 425
So speaking, swift-footed Iris departed,
Metre
ἣμὲνἄρὣςεἰποῦσ‖ἀπέβηπόδαςὠκέαἾρις
ἣsheὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubjectμὲνthenμέν · particlesentence particleἄρsoἄρα · particlesentence particleὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰποῦσ̓εἰποῦσspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative plural feminineadverbial to ἀπέβηἀπέβηdepartedἀποβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπόδαςfootedπούς · accusative plural masculine nounmodifies ὠκέαὠκέαswiftὠκύς · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἾριςἾριςIrisἾρις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject - 426
and Hera spoke these words to Athena:
Metre
αὐτὰρἈθηναίην‖Ἥρηπρὸςμῦθονἔειπεν
αὐτὰρandἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordἈθηναίηνAthenaἈθήνη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of πρὸςἭρηHeraἭρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔειπενπρὸςtoπρός · prepositionprepositionμῦθονwordsμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔειπενἔειπενspokeεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 427
"Ah, child of Zeus who bears the aegis, no longer will I
Metre
ὢπόποιαἰγιόχοιο‖Διὸςτέκοςοὐκέτἔγωγε
ὢahὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleπόποιalasπόποι · interjectionsentence particleαἰγιόχοιοwho bears the aegisαἰγίοχος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιὸςΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies τέκοςτέκοςchildτέκος · vocative singular neuter noungoverned by an elided headοὐκέτno longerοὐκέτι · adverbemphasizing particleἔγωγεIἐγώ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἐῶ - 428
let us two fight against Zeus for mortals' sake.
Metre
νῶϊἐῶΔιὸςἄντα‖βροτῶνἕνεκαπτολεμίζειν
νῶϊusἐγώ · accusative dual feminine pronounsubject of πτολεμίζεινἐῶletἐάω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbΔιὸςZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἄνταἄνταfacingἄντα · prepositionprepositionβροτῶνof mortalsβροτός · genitive plural masculine nounadverbial to ἕνεκαἕνεκαsakeἕνεκα · prepositionprepositionπτολεμίζεινto fightπολεμίζω · present active infinitiveobject of ἐῶ - 429
Let one of them die, and another live,
Metre
τῶνἄλλοςμὲνἀποφθίσθω‖ἄλλοςδὲβιώτω
τῶνthemὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies ἄλλοςἄλλοςoneἄλλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of ἀποφθίσθωμὲνon the one handμέν · particlesentence particleἀποφθίσθωdieἀποφθίνω · aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄλλοςanotherἄλλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of βιώτωδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordβιώτωliveβιόω · present active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 430
as chance may fall; and let him, pondering his own designs,
Metre
ὅςκετύχῃκεῖνος‖δὲτὰἃφρονέωνἐνὶθυμῷ
ὅςwhoeverὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of τύχῃκεmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleτύχῃhappenτυγχάνω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δὲκεῖνοςheκεῖνος · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of δικαζέτωδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτὰhisὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of δικαζέτωἃownὅς · accusative plural neuter pronounobjectφρονέωνponderingφρονέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbialἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionθυμῷheartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνὶ - 431
judge between Trojans and Danaans as is fitting."
Metre
ΤρωσίτεκαὶΔαναοῖσι‖δικαζέτωὡςἐπιεικές
ΤρωσίTrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΔαναοῖσιDanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject of καὶδικαζέτωjudgeδικάζω · present active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπιεικέςfittingἐπιεικής · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate noun - 432
So speaking, she turned the single-hoofed horses back;
Metre
ὣςἄραφωνήσασα‖πάλιντρέπεμώνυχαςἵππους
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φωνήσασαἄραsoἄρα · particlesentence particleφωνήσασαspeakingφωνέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to τρέπεπάλινbackπάλιν · adverbadverbial to τρέπετρέπεturnedτρέπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμώνυχαςsingle-hoofedμῶνυξ · accusative plural feminine nounmodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural feminine nounobject of τρέπε - 433
and the Hours unyoked the lovely-maned horses for them,
Metre
τῇσινὯραιμὲν‖λῦσανκαλλίτριχαςἵππους
τῇσινfor themὁ · dative plural feminine pronounmodifies ἵππουςδandδέ · particlesentence particleὯραιHoursὭρα · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of δ̓μὲνon the one handμέν · particlesentence particleλῦσανunyokedλύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκαλλίτριχαςfair-manedκαλλίθριξ · accusative plural masculine nounmodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of λῦσαν - 434
and tethered them beside the ambrosial mangers,
Metre
καὶτοὺςμὲνκατέδησαν‖ἐπἀμβροσίῃσικάπῃσιν
καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleτοὺςthemὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of κατέδησανμὲνon the one handμέν · particlesentence particleκατέδησανbound fastκαταδέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐπbesideἐπί · prepositionprepositionἀμβροσίῃσιambrosialἀμβρόσιος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies κάπῃσινκάπῃσινmangersκάπη · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπ̓ - 435
then leaned the chariot against the shining front wall;
ἅρματαchariotἅρμα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔκλινανδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔκλινανleanedκλίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπρὸςagainstπρός · prepositionprepositionἐνώπιαfront wallἐνώπια · accusative plural neuter nounobject of πρὸςπαμφανόωνταall-shiningπαμφανόων · present active participle, accusative plural neutermodifies ἐνώπια - 436
and the goddesses sat upon golden chairs
Metre
αὐταὶδὲχρυσέοισιν‖ἐπὶκλισμοῖσικάθιζον
αὐταὶthemselvesαὐτός · nominative plural feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχρυσέοισινgoldenχρύσεος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies κλισμοῖσιἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionκλισμοῖσιchairsκλισμός · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐπὶκάθιζονsat downκαθίζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 437
among the other gods, their dear hearts grieved.
Metre
μίγδἄλλοισιθεοῖσι‖φίλοντετιημέναιἦτορ
μίγδtogether withμίγδα · prepositionprepositionἄλλοισιotherἄλλος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοῖσιθεοῖσιgodsθεός · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to μίγδ̓φίλονdearφίλος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦτορτετιημέναιgrievedτετίημαι · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminineadverbial to κάθιζονἦτορheartἦτορ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of τετιημέναι - 438
Then father Zeus from Ida drove his smooth-running chariot and horses
Metre
ΖεὺςδὲπατὴρἼδηθεν‖ἐΰτροχονἅρμακαὶἵππους
ΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓δὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπατὴρfatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΖεὺςἼδηθενfrom IdaἼδη · adverbadverbial to δίωκεἐΰτροχονwell-wheeledεὔτροχος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἅρμαἅρμαchariotἅρμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶ - 439
toward Olympus, and came among the seats of the gods.
Metre
Οὔλυμπονδὲδίωκε‖θεῶνἐξίκετοθώκους
ΟὔλυμπονOlympusὌλυμπος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of δίωκεδὲandδέ · particleemphasizing particleδίωκεdroveδιώκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθεῶνgodsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies θώκουςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐξίκετοreachedἐξικνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθώκουςseatsθᾶκος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐξίκετο - 440
For him the famed shaker of earth unyoked the horses,
Metre
τῷδὲκαὶἵππουςμὲν‖λῦσεκλυτὸςἐννοσίγαιος
τῷhimὁ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to λῦσεδὲforδέ · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of λῦσεμὲνon the one handμέν · particlesentence particleλῦσεunyokedλύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκλυτὸςfamedκλυτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἐννοσίγαιοςἐννοσίγαιοςEarth-shakerἘννοσίγαιος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓ - 441
set the chariot upon its stand, and spread a linen cloth over it;
Metre
ἅρματαἂμβωμοῖσι‖τίθεικατὰλῖταπετάσσας
ἅρματαchariotἅρμα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of τίθειδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἂμonἀνά · prepositionprepositionβωμοῖσιstandβωμός · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἂμτίθειsetτίθημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκατὰoverκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleλῖταlinen clothλίς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of πετάσσαςπετάσσαςspreadπετάννυμι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to τίθει - 442
and wide-thundering Zeus himself sat down
Metre
αὐτὸςδὲχρύσειον‖ἐπὶθρόνονεὐρύοπαΖεὺς
αὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleχρύσειονgoldenχρύσεος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θρόνονἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionθρόνονthroneθρόνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπὶεὐρύοπαwide-thunderingεὐρύοπα · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΖεὺςΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἕζετο - 443
upon his golden throne, and great Olympus shook beneath his feet.
Metre
ἕζετοτῷὑπὸποσσὶ‖μέγαςπελεμίζετὌλυμπος
ἕζετοsat downἕζομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτῷhisὁ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies ποσσὶδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionποσσὶhis feetπούς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ὑπὸμέγαςgreatμέγας · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ὄλυμποςπελεμίζετshookπελεμίζω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὌλυμποςOlympusὌλυμπος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πελεμίζετ̓ - 444
Athena and Hera alone sat apart from Zeus,
Metre
αἳοἶαιΔιὸςἀμφὶς‖ἈθηναίητεκαὶἭρη
αἳtheyὁ · nominative plural feminine pronounsubjectδandδέ · particlesentence particleοἶαιaloneοἶος · nominative plural feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementΔιὸςZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to ἀμφὶςἀμφὶςapartἀμφίς · prepositionprepositionἈθηναίηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἭρηHeraἭρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject - 445
and neither addressed him nor asked him anything;
Metre
ἥσθηνοὐδέτίμιν‖προσεφώνεονοὐδἐρέοντο
ἥσθηνsatἧμαι · pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbDual pluperfect of ἧμαι 'sit,' used with simple past force: 'the two of them sat.'
οὐδέneitherοὐδέ · adverbsentence particleτίanythingτις · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of δ̓μινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of δ̓προσεφώνεονaddressed, spoke toπροσφωνέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbοὐδnorοὐδέ · adverbcoordinating wordἐρέοντοaskedἔρομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 446
but he understood it in his own heart, and spoke to them:
Metre
αὐτὰρὃἔγνωᾗσιν‖ἐνὶφρεσὶφώνησέντε
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of τεἔγνωunderstoodγιγνώσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbᾗσινhis ownἑός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies φρεσὶἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionφρεσὶheartφρήν · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐνὶφώνησένspokeφωνέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 447
"Why are you two so grieved, Athena and Hera?
Metre
τίφθοὕτωτετίησθον‖ἈθηναίητεκαὶἭρη
τίφθwhyτίπτε · pronounadverbial to τετίησθονοὕτωsoοὕτως · adverbadverbial to τετίησθοντετίησθονgrievedτετίημαι · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd dual verbmain verbἈθηναίηAthenaἈθήνη · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided headτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἭρηHeraἭρα · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided head - 448
Surely you did not weary yourselves in the battle that brings men glory,
Metre
οὐμένθηνκάμετόν‖γεμάχῃἔνικυδιανείρῃ
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμένsurelyμέν · particlesentence particleθηνsurelyθήν · particlesentence particleκάμετόνwearyκάμνω · aorist active indicative, 2nd dual verbmain verbγεat allγε · particleemphasizing particleμάχῃin battleμάχη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἔνιἔνιinἐν · prepositionprepositionκυδιανείρῃbringing men gloryκυδιάνειρα · dative singular feminine nounmodifies μάχῃ - 449
slaying the Trojans against whom you set your dreadful hate.
Metre
ὀλλῦσαιΤρῶας‖τοῖσινκότοναἰνὸνἔθεσθε
ὀλλῦσαιslayingὄλλυμι · present active participle, nominative plural feminineobject of κάμετόνΤρῶαςTrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ὀλλῦσαιτοῖσινagainst whomὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἔθεσθεκότονthe grudgeκότος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔθεσθεαἰνὸνdreadfulαἰνός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies κότονἔθεσθεsetτίθημι · aorist middle indicative, 2nd plural verbverb of a clause describing Τρῶας - 450
In any case, such are my strength and irresistible hands
Metre
πάντωςοἷονἐμόν‖γεμένοςκαὶχεῖρεςἄαπτοι
πάντωςin any caseπάντως · adverbsentence particleοἷονsuchοἷος · nominative singular neuter adjectiveadverbialἐμόνmyἐμός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies μένοςγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleμένοςstrengthμένος · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordχεῖρεςhandsχείρ · nominative plural feminine nounsubjectἄαπτοιirresistibleἄαπτος · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies χεῖρες - 451
that all the gods upon Olympus could not turn me back.
Metre
οὐκἄνμετρέψειαν‖ὅσοιθεοίεἰσἐνὈλύμπῳ
οὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἄνcouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of τρέψειαντρέψειανcould turnτρέπω · aorist active optative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὅσοιallὅσος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοίθεοίgodsθεός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of εἰσ̓εἰσareεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbsubject of τρέψειανἐνuponἐν · prepositionprepositionὈλύμπῳOlympusὌλυμπος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐν - 452
But trembling seized the shining limbs of you both
Metre
σφῶϊνδὲπρίνπερ‖τρόμοςἔλλαβεφαίδιμαγυῖα
σφῶϊνyourσύ · dative dual pronounmodifies γυῖαδὲbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordπρίνbeforeπρίν · adverbadverbial to ἔλλαβεπερindeedπέρ · particlesentence particleτρόμοςtremblingτρόμος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔλλαβεἔλλαβεseizedλαμβάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφαίδιμαshiningφαίδιμος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies γυῖαγυῖαlimbsγυῖον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔλλαβε - 453
before you saw the war and war's grievous work.
Metre
πρὶνπόλεμόντεἰδεῖν‖πολέμοιότεμέρμεραἔργα
πρὶνbeforeπρίν · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπόλεμόνwarπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleἰδεῖνto seeεἶδον · aorist active infinitiveadverbial to πρὶνπολέμοιόwarπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἔργατεandτε · particlecoordinating wordμέρμεραbanefulμέρμερος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔργαἔργαworkἔργον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of τε - 454
For thus I tell you, and it would have been brought to pass:
Metre
ὧδεγὰρἐξερέω‖τὸδέκεντετελεσμένονἦεν
ὧδεthusὧδε · adverbadverbial to ἐξερέωγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐξερέωtellἐξερέω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbτὸitὁ · nominative singular neuter pronounsubject of ἦενδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκενwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleτετελεσμένονbrought to passτελέω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuterpredicate nounἦενwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 455
once struck by my thunderbolt upon your chariot,
Metre
οὐκἂνἐφὑμετέρων‖ὀχέωνπληγέντεκεραυνῷ
οὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἂνwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleἐφuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionὑμετέρωνyourὑμέτερος · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies ὀχέωνὀχέωνchariotὄχος · genitive plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐφ̓πληγέντεstruckπλήσσω · aorist passive participle, nominative dual feminineadverbial to ἵκεσθονκεραυνῷthunderboltκεραυνός · dative singular masculine nounobject of πληγέντε - 456
you would not have returned to Olympus, the immortals' seat."
Metre
ἂψἐςὌλυμπονἵκεσθον‖ἵνἀθανάτωνἕδοςἐστίν
ἂψbackἄψ · adverbadverbial to ἵκεσθονἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionὌλυμπονOlympusὌλυμπος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐςἵκεσθονhave returnedἱκνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 2nd dual verbmain verbἵνwhereἵνα · adverbadverbial to ἐστίνἀθανάτωνof the immortalsἀθάνατος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἕδοςἕδοςseatἕδος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἐστίνἐστίνisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ὄλυμπον - 457
So he spoke, and Athena and Hera muttered in anger;
Metre
ὣςἔφαθαἳἐπέμυξαν‖ἈθηναίητεκαὶἭρη
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφαθ̓ἔφαθhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαἳtheyὁ · nominative plural feminine pronounsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπέμυξανmuttered angrilyἐπιμύζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἈθηναίηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἭρηHeraἭρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶ - 458
sitting close together, they were devising evils for the Trojans.
πλησίαιclose togetherπλησίος · nominative plural feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementαἵtheyὅς · nominative plural feminine pronounsubject of ἥσθηνγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἥσθηνsatἥδομαι · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκακὰevilsκακός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of μεδέσθηνδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΤρώεσσιfor the TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of μεδέσθηνμεδέσθηνwere devisingμέδομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verb - 459
Athena indeed was silent and said nothing,
Metre
ἤτοιἈθηναίη‖ἀκέωνἦνοὐδέτιεἶπε
ἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleἈθηναίηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of δέἀκέωνsilentἀκέων · nominative singular feminine adjectivepredicate nounἦνwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτιnothingτις · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of εἶπεεἶπεsaidεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 460
raging at Zeus her father; a savage anger seized her;
Metre
σκυζομένηΔιὶπατρί‖χόλοςδέμινἄγριοςᾕρει
σκυζομένηragingσκύζομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to δέΔιὶZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of σκυζομένηπατρίfatherπατήρ · dative singular masculine nounmodifies Διὶχόλοςangerχόλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ᾕρειδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμινherμιν · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ᾕρειἄγριοςsavageἄγριος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χόλοςᾕρειseizedαἱρέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 461
but Hera's breast could not contain her anger, and she spoke:
Metre
Ἥρῃοὐκἔχαδε‖στῆθοςχόλονἀλλὰπροσηύδα
ἭρῃHera'sἭρα · dative singular feminine nounmodifies στῆθοςδbutδέ · particlesentence particleοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἔχαδεcould containχανδάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbστῆθοςbreastστῆθος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔχαδεχόλονangerχόλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔχαδεἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordπροσηύδαspokeπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 462
"Most dread son of Cronos, what a word you have spoken!
Metre
αἰνότατεΚρονίδη‖ποῖοντὸνμῦθονἔειπες
αἰνότατεmost dreadαἰνός · vocative singular masculine superlative adjectivemodifies ΚρονίδηΚρονίδηson of CronosΚρονίδης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headποῖονwhat aποῖος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies μῦθοντὸνtheὁ · accusative singular masculine articlemodifies μῦθονμῦθονwordμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔειπεςἔειπεςyou have spokenεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 463
We too know well that your strength is not feeble;
Metre
εὖνυκαὶἡμεῖςἴδμεν‖ὅτοισθένοςοὐκἀλαπαδνόν
εὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to ἴδμεννυnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἴδμενκαὶtooκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἡμεῖςweἐγώ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἴδμενἴδμενknowοἶδα · perfect active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbὅthatὅς · accusative singular neuter pronounsubordinating conjunctionτοιyourσύ · dative singular pronounmodifies σθένοςσθένοςstrengthσθένος · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἀλαπαδνόνweakἀλαπαδνός · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate noun - 464
Yet still we mourn the Danaan spearmen,
Metre
ἀλλἔμπηςΔαναῶν‖ὀλοφυρόμεθαἰχμητάων
ἀλλyetἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἔμπηςstillἔμπας · adverbadverbial to ὀλοφυρόμεθ̓Δαναῶνthe DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ὀλοφυρόμεθ̓ὀλοφυρόμεθwe mournὀλοφύρομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbαἰχμητάωνspearmenαἰχμητής · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies Δαναῶν - 465
who now shall fill their wretched fate and perish.
Metre
οἵκενδὴκακὸνοἶτον‖ἀναπλήσαντεςὄλωνται
οἵwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ὄλωνταικενshallἄν · particleemphasizing particleδὴnowδή · particlesentence particleκακὸνevilκακός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies οἶτονοἶτονdoomοἶτος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀναπλήσαντεςἀναπλήσαντεςfulfillἀναπίμπλημι · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ὄλωνταιὄλωνταιperishὄλλυμι · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing Δαναῶν - 466
Still, we shall keep away from war, as you command;
Metre
ἀλλἤτοιπολέμου‖μὲνἀφεξόμεθεἰσὺκελεύεις
ἀλλstillἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleπολέμουwarπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀφεξόμεθ̓μὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἀφεξόμεθhold backἀπέχω · future middle indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbεἰasεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of κελεύειςκελεύειςcommandκελεύω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to εἰ - 467
but we shall offer counsel to the Argives that may help them,
Metre
βουλὴνἈργείοις‖ὑποθησόμεθἥτιςὀνήσει
βουλὴνcounselβουλή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ὑποθησόμεθ̓δbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἈργείοιςthe ArgivesἈργεῖος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ὑποθησόμεθ̓ὑποθησόμεθoffer counselὑποτίθημι · future middle indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbἥthatὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ὀνήσειτιςsomeτις · nominative singular feminine pronounmodifies ἥὀνήσειwill helpὀνίνημι · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing βουλὴν - 468
so all do not perish beneath your wrath."
Metre
ὡςμὴπάντεςὄλωνται‖ὀδυσσαμένοιοτεοῖο
ὡςsoὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὴnotμή · particleemphasizing particleπάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementὄλωνταιperishὄλλυμι · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὡςὀδυσσαμένοιοwrathὀδύσσομαι · aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculineadverbial to ὄλωνταιτεοῖοyourσύ · genitive singular pronounsubject of ὀδυσσαμένοιο - 469
Then Zeus the cloud-gatherer answered her and said:
Metre
τὴνἀπαμειβόμενος‖προσέφηνεφεληγερέταΖεύς
τὴνherὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of προσέφηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπαμειβόμενοςansweredἀπαμείβομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηsaidπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνεφεληγερέταcloud-gathererνεφεληγερέτα · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΖεύςΖεύςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 470
"At dawn, still more, the exceedingly mighty son of Cronos
Metre
ἠοῦςδὴκαὶμᾶλλον‖ὑπερμενέαΚρονίωνα
ἠοῦςat dawnἠώς · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ὄψεαιδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleκαὶstillκαί · adverbemphasizing particleμᾶλλονmoreμᾶλλον · adverbadverbial to ὀλλύντ̓ὑπερμενέαexceedingly mightyὑπερμενής · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΚρονίωναΚρονίωναson of CronosΚρονίων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὄψεαι - 471
you shall see, if you wish, ox-eyed queenly Hera,
Metre
ὄψεαιαἴἐθέλῃσθα‖βοῶπιςπότνιαἭρη
ὄψεαιyou will seeὁράω · future middle indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbαἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκeverἄν · particleemphasizing particleἐθέλῃσθαyou wishἐθέλω · present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to αἴβοῶπιςox-eyedβοῶπις · vocative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἥρηπότνιαqueenlyπότνια · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἭρηἭρηHeraἭρα · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided head - 472
destroying the great host of Argive spearmen;
Metre
ὀλλύντἈργείων‖πουλὺνστρατὸναἰχμητάων
ὀλλύντslayingὄλλυμι · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἈργείωνthe ArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies αἰχμητάωνπουλὺνgreatπολύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies στρατὸνστρατὸνhostστρατός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὀλλύντ̓αἰχμητάωνspearmenαἰχμητής · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies στρατὸν - 473
for mighty Hector will not cease from war
Metre
οὐγὰρπρὶνπολέμου‖ἀποπαύσεταιὄβριμοςἝκτωρ
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleπρὶνuntilπρίν · adverbadverbial to ἀποπαύσεταιπολέμουwarπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀποπαύσεταιἀποπαύσεταιceaseἀποπαύω · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὄβριμοςmightyὄβριμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀποπαύσεται - 474
until he rouses the swift-footed son of Peleus beside the ships,
Metre
πρὶνὄρθαιπαρὰναῦφι‖ποδώκεαΠηλεΐωνα
πρὶνuntilπρίν · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionὄρθαιrouseὄρνυμι · aorist middle infinitiveadverbial to πρὶνπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionναῦφιshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to παρὰποδώκεαswift-footedποδώκης · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΠηλεΐωναΠηλεΐωναson of PeleusΠηλείων · accusative singular masculine nounsubject of ὄρθαι - 475
on that day when they fight beside the sterns
Metre
ἤματιτῷὅτἂνοἳ‖μὲνἐπὶπρύμνῃσιμάχωνται
ἤματιdayἦμαρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ὄρθαιτῷthatὁ · dative singular neuter articlemodifies ἤματιὅτwhenὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἂνeverἄν · particleemphasizing particleοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of μάχωνταιμὲνthenμέν · particlesentence particleἐπὶbyἐπί · prepositionprepositionπρύμνῃσιships' sternsπρύμνα · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐπὶμάχωνταιfightμάχομαι · present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ὅτ̓ - 476
in the most dreadful straits around Patroclus fallen dead;
Metre
στείνειἐναἰνοτάτῳ‖περὶΠατρόκλοιοθανόντος
στείνειnarrow placeστεῖνος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐνἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionαἰνοτάτῳdreadfulαἰνός · dative singular neuter superlative adjectivemodifies στείνειπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionΠατρόκλοιοPatroclusΠάτροκλος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of περὶθανόντοςfallen deadθνήσκω · aorist active participle, genitive singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 477
for so it is ordained. I take no heed of you
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐστιγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleθέσφατόνordainedθέσφατος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἐστιisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbσέθενyouσύ · genitive singular pronounobject of ἀλεγίζωδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀλεγίζωοὐκnoοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἀλεγίζωheedἀλεγίζω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 478
in your anger, not even if you reach the lowest bounds
Metre
χωομένηςοὐδεἴ‖κετὰνείαταπείραθἵκηαι
χωομένηςin your angerχώομαι · present medio-passive participle, genitive singular femininecircumstantial complementεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκεmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleτὰtheὁ · accusative plural neuter articlemodifies πείραθ̓νείαταlowestνέατος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies πείραθ̓πείραθboundsπεῖραρ · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἵκηαιἵκηαιyou may reachἱκνέομαι · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to εἴ - 479
of earth and sea, where Iapetus and Cronos
Metre
γαίηςκαὶπόντοιο‖ἵνἸάπετόςτεΚρόνοςτε
γαίηςearthγαῖα · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπόντοιοseaπόντος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies καὶἵνwhereἵνα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἸάπετόςIapetusἸάπετος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleΚρόνοςCronosΚρόνος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 480
sit and take no joy in the rays of Hyperion the Sun
Metre
ἥμενοιοὔταὐγῇς‖ὙπερίονοςἨελίοιο
ἥμενοιsittingἧμαι · perfect participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to τέρποντ̓αὐγῇςraysαὐγή · dative plural feminine nounobject of τέρποντ̓ὙπερίονοςHyperionὙπερίων · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἨελίοιοἨελίοιοsunἥλιος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies αὐγῇς - 481
or in the winds, but deep Tartarus lies all around them;
Metre
τέρποντοὔτἀνέμοισι‖βαθὺςδέτεΤάρταροςἀμφίς
τέρποντtake joyτέρπω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing τ̓ἀνέμοισιwindsἄνεμος · dative plural masculine nounobjectβαθὺςdeepβαθύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Τάρταροςδέbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεeverτε · particlesentence particleΤάρταροςTartarusΤάρταρος · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectἀμφίςall aroundἀμφίς · adverbadverbial - 482
not even if your wandering brings you there will I care
Metre
οὐδἢνἔνθἀφίκηαι‖ἀλωμένηοὔσευἔγωγε
ἢνifἐάν · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἔνθthereἔνθα · adverbobject of ἀφίκηαιἀφίκηαιyou may reachἀφικνέομαι · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ἢνἀλωμένηwanderingἀλάομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἀφίκηαιοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleσευyouσύ · genitive singular pronounobject of ἀλέγωἔγωγεIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀλέγω - 483
for your anger, since there is nothing more doglike than you."
Metre
σκυζομένηςἀλέγω‖ἐπεὶοὐσέοκύντερονἄλλο
σκυζομένηςyour angerσκύζομαι · present medio-passive participle, genitive singular femininecircumstantial complementἀλέγωheedἀλέγω · present active subjunctive, 1st singular verbmain verbἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὐnothingοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleσέοyouσύ · genitive singular pronounmodifies κύντερονκύντερονmore shamelessκύντερος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἄλλοἄλλοanything elseἄλλος · nominative singular neuter adjectivesubject - 484
So he spoke, but white-armed Hera gave him no answer.
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάτοφάτοhe spokeφημί · aorist indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιanythingτις · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of προσέφηπροσέφηansweredπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbλευκώλενοςwhite-armedλευκώλενος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἭρηἭρηHeraἭρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of προσέφη - 485
Then the sun's bright light fell into Oceanus,
ἐνintoἐν · prepositionprepositionδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔπεσfellπίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὨκεανῷOceanusὨκεανός · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐνλαμπρὸνbrightλαμπρός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies φάοςφάοςlightφάος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔπεσ̓ἠελίοιοof the sunἠέλιος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies φάος - 486
drawing black night across the life-giving plowland.
Metre
ἕλκοννύκταμέλαιναν‖ἐπὶζείδωρονἄρουραν
ἕλκονwas drawingἕλκω · present active participle, nominative singular neuteradverbial to ἔπεσ̓νύκταnightνύξ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἕλκονμέλαινανblackμέλας · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νύκταἐπὶacrossἐπί · prepositionprepositionζείδωρονgrain-givingζείδωρος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἄρουρανἄρουρανplowlandἄρουρα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπὶ - 487
For the unwilling Trojans the light went down, but upon the Achaeans
ΤρωσὶνTrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἔδυμένon the one handμέν · particlesentence particleῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἀέκουσινunwillingἀέκων · dative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔδυwent downδύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφάοςlightφάος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔδυαὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordἈχαιοῖςthe AchaeansἈχαιός · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐπήλυθε - 488
welcome night came, thrice prayed for, dark with gloom.
Metre
ἀσπασίητρίλλιστος‖ἐπήλυθενὺξἐρεβεννή
ἀσπασίηwelcomeἀσπάσιος · nominative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementτρίλλιστοςthrice-prayed-forτρίλλιστος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νὺξἐπήλυθεcameἐπέρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνὺξnightνύξ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐπήλυθεἐρεβεννήdarkἐρεβεννός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νὺξ - 489
Then glorious Hector called an assembly of the Trojans,
Metre
Τρώωναὖτἀγορὴν‖ποιήσατοφαίδιμοςἝκτωρ
ΤρώωνTrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies ἀγορὴναὖτthenαὖτε · adverbsentence particleἀγορὴνassemblyἀγορά · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ποιήσατοποιήσατοcalledποιέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφαίδιμοςgloriousφαίδιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ποιήσατο - 490
leading them away from the ships beside the eddying river,
Metre
νόσφινεῶνἀγαγὼν‖ποταμῷἔπιδινήεντι
νόσφιapartνόσφι · prepositionprepositionνεῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of νόσφιἀγαγὼνleadingἄγω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ποιήσατοποταμῷriverποταμός · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἔπιἔπιbesideἐπί · prepositionprepositionδινήεντιeddyingδινήεις · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ποταμῷ - 491
in a clear place where the ground showed free of corpses.
Metre
ἐνκαθαρῷὅθιδὴ‖νεκύωνδιεφαίνετοχῶρος
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionκαθαρῷclearκαθαρός · dative singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐνὅθιwhereὅθι · adverbadverbial to διεφαίνετοδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleνεκύωνof the deadνέκυς · genitive plural masculine nounobject of διεφαίνετοδιεφαίνετοappeared clearδιαφαίνω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καθαρῷχῶροςgroundχῶρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of διεφαίνετο - 492
Climbing down from their chariots, they listened on the ground
Metre
ἐξἵππωνἀποβάντες‖ἐπὶχθόναμῦθονἄκουον
ἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionἵππωνchariotsἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἐξδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀποβάντεςhaving stepped downἀποβαίνω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἄκουονἐπὶonἐπί · prepositionprepositionχθόναgroundχθών · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπὶμῦθονwordμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἄκουονἄκουονlistenedἀκούω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 493
to the speech Hector, dear to Zeus, addressed to them; in his hand
τόνspeechὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀγόρευεῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀγόρευεἀγόρευεspokeἀγορεύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing μῦθονΔιῒZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounmodifies φίλοςφίλοςdearφίλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτωρἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleχειρὶhandχείρ · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐν - 494
he held an eleven-cubit spear; before its shaft gleamed
Metre
ἔγχοςἔχἑνδεκάπηχυ‖πάροιθεδὲλάμπετοδουρὸς
ἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔχ̓ἔχheldἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἑνδεκάπηχυeleven cubits longἑνδεκάπηχυς · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςπάροιθεbeforeπάροιθε · adverbadverbial to λάμπετοδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleλάμπετοshoneλάμπω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδουρὸςshaftδόρυ · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies αἰχμὴ - 495
the bronze point, and a golden collar ran around it.
Metre
αἰχμὴχαλκείη‖περὶδὲχρύσεοςθέεπόρκης
αἰχμὴpointαἰχμή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of λάμπετοχαλκείηbronzeχάλκειος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies αἰχμὴπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχρύσεοςgoldenχρύσεος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πόρκηςθέεranθέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπόρκηςspear ringπόρκης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of θέε - 496
Leaning upon it, he addressed the Trojans with these words:
τῷitὁ · dative singular neuter pronounobject of ἐρεισάμενοςὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of μετηύδαγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἐρεισάμενοςleaningἐρείδω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μετηύδαἔπεαwordsἔπος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of μετηύδαΤρώεσσιTrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of μετηύδαμετηύδαspokeμεταυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 497
"Hear me, you Trojans and Dardanians and allies;
Metre
κέκλυτέμευΤρῶες‖καὶΔάρδανοιἠδἐπίκουροι
κέκλυτέhearκλύω · aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbμευmeἐγώ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of κέκλυτέΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleΔάρδανοιDardaniansΔάρδανος · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headἠδandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐπίκουροιalliesἐπίκουρος · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided head - 498
just now I thought that, destroying the ships together with all the Achaeans,
Metre
νῦνἐφάμηννῆάς‖ὀλέσαςκαὶπάνταςἈχαιοὺς
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἐφάμηνἐφάμηνthoughtφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbνῆάςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶτandτε · particlesentence particleὀλέσαςdestroyingὄλλυμι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀπονοστήσεινκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπάνταςallπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχαιοὺςἈχαιοὺςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of καὶ - 499
I would return again toward windy Ilion;
Metre
ἂψἀπονοστήσειν‖προτὶἼλιονἠνεμόεσσαν
ἂψagainἄψ · adverbadverbial to ἀπονοστήσεινἀπονοστήσεινwould returnἀπονοστέω · future active infinitiveobject of ἐφάμηνπροτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionἼλιονIlionἼλιος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of προτὶἠνεμόεσσανwindyἠνεμόεις · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἴλιον - 500
but darkness came first, and it above all has now saved
Metre
ἀλλὰπρὶνκνέφαςἦλθε‖τὸνῦνἐσάωσεμάλιστα
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleπρὶνfirstπρίν · adverbadverbial to ἦλθεκνέφαςdarknessκνέφας · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἦλθεἦλθεcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτὸitὁ · nominative singular neuter pronounsubject of ἐσάωσενῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἐσάωσεἐσάωσεsavedσώζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing κνέφαςμάλισταabove allμάλιστα · adverbadverbial to ἐσάωσε - 501
the Argives and their ships upon the breaking sea.
Metre
Ἀργείουςκαὶνῆας‖ἐπὶῥηγμῖνιθαλάσσης
Ἀργείουςthe ArgivesἈργεῖος · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionῥηγμῖνιbreaking surfῥηγμίν · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐπὶθαλάσσηςseaθάλασσα · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ῥηγμῖνι - 502
But now let us obey black night
Metre
ἀλλἤτοινῦνμὲν‖πειθώμεθανυκτὶμελαίνῃ
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to τ̓μὲνfor nowμέν · particlesentence particleπειθώμεθαobeyπείθω · present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbνυκτὶnightνύξ · dative singular feminine nounobject of πειθώμεθαμελαίνῃblackμέλας · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νυκτὶ - 503
and make our suppers ready; but your lovely-maned horses
Metre
δόρπάἐφοπλισόμεσθα‖ἀτὰρκαλλίτριχαςἵππους
δόρπάsuppersδόρπον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐφοπλισόμεσθατandτε · particlecoordinating wordἐφοπλισόμεσθαmake readyἐφοπλίζω · aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbἀτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleκαλλίτριχαςfair-manedκαλλίθριξ · accusative plural masculine nounmodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of λύσαθ̓ - 504
unhitch from beneath the chariots and cast fodder beside them;
Metre
λύσαθὑπὲξὀχέων‖παρὰδέσφισιβάλλετἐδωδήν
λύσαθunhitchλύω · aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbὑπὲξaway fromὑπέκ · prepositionprepositionὀχέωνchariotsὄχος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ὑπὲξπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσφισιthemσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of παρὰβάλλετcastβάλλω · present active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbἐδωδήνfoodἐδωδή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of βάλλετ̓ - 505
bring cattle and sturdy sheep out from the city
ἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπόλιοςcityπόλις · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐκδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄξεσθεbringἄγω · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbβόαςcattleβοῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἴφιαstrongἴφιος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies μῆλαμῆλαsheepμῆλον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶ - 506
with all speed, fetch honey-hearted wine,
Metre
καρπαλίμωςοἶνον‖δὲμελίφροναοἰνίζεσθε
καρπαλίμωςswiftlyκαρπάλιμος · adverbadverbial to ἄξεσθεοἶνονwineοἶνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τ̓δὲandδέ · particlesentence particleμελίφροναhoney-sweetμελίφρων · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies οἶνονοἰνίζεσθεfetchοἰνίζομαι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verb - 507
and grain from the halls, and gather heaps of wood,
σῖτόνgrainσῖτος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τ̓τandτε · particlecoordinating wordἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionμεγάρωνhallsμέγαρον · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἐκἐπὶbesidesἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordξύλαwoodξύλον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of λέγεσθεπολλὰmanyπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ξύλαλέγεσθεgatherλέγω · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verb - 508
so that all night long until early-born Dawn
Metre
ὥςκενπαννύχιοι‖μέσφἠοῦςἠριγενείης
ὥςsoὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκενmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleπαννύχιοιall nightπαννύχιος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementμέσφuntilμέσφα · prepositionprepositionἠοῦςDawnἠώς · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to μέσφ̓ἠριγενείηςearly-bornἠριγένεια · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἠοῦς - 509
we may burn many fires, and their blaze reach heaven,
Metre
καίωμενπυρὰπολλά‖σέλαςεἰςοὐρανὸνἵκῃ
καίωμενwe burnκαίω · present active subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to δ̓πυρὰfiresπυρά · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καίωμενπολλάmanyπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies πυρὰσέλαςblazeσέλας · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἵκῃδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordεἰςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionοὐρανὸνheavenοὐρανός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εἰςἵκῃreachἱκνέομαι · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓ - 510
lest somehow by night the long-haired Achaeans
Metre
μήπωςκαὶδιὰνύκτα‖κάρηκομόωντεςἈχαιοὶ
μήlestμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπωςsomehowπως · particlesentence particleκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionνύκταnightνύξ · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to διὰκάρηheadκάρα · accusative singular neuter nounmodifies κομόωντεςκομόωντεςlong-hairedκομάω · present active participle, nominative plural masculinemodifies ἈχαιοὶἈχαιοὶAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ὁρμήσωνται - 511
set out in flight across the broad back of the sea.
Metre
φεύγεινὁρμήσωνται‖ἐπεὐρέανῶταθαλάσσης
φεύγεινfleeφεύγω · present active infinitiveobject of ὁρμήσωνταιὁρμήσωνταιset outὁρμάω · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to μήἐπacrossἐπί · prepositionprepositionεὐρέαbroadεὐρύς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies νῶτανῶταbackνῶτον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐπ̓θαλάσσηςof the seaθάλασσα · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies νῶτα - 512
Let them not mount their ships at ease, without a fight,
Metre
μὴμὰνἀσπουδί‖γενεῶνἐπιβαῖενἕκηλοι
μὴnotμή · particleemphasizing particleμὰνsurelyμήν · particlesentence particleἀσπουδίwithout a struggleἀσπουδί · adverbadverbial to ἐπιβαῖενγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleνεῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἐπιβαῖενἐπιβαῖενmountἐπιβαίνω · aorist active optative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἕκηλοιat easeἕκηλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 513
but let some man among them nurse a missile even at home,
Metre
ἀλλὥςτιςτούτων‖γεβέλοςκαὶοἴκοθιπέσσῃ
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordὥςsoὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτιςsomeτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of πέσσῃτούτωνthemοὗτος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τιςγεat leastγε · particleemphasizing particleβέλοςshaftβέλος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of πέσσῃκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleοἴκοθιat homeοἴκοθι · adverbadverbial to πέσσῃπέσσῃnurseπέσσω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial - 514
struck by an arrow or by a sharp-pointed spear
Metre
βλήμενοςἢἰῷ‖ἢἔγχεϊὀξυόεντι
βλήμενοςstruckβάλλω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to πέσσῃἢorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleἰῷarrowἰός · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἢἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἔγχεϊspearἔγχος · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἢὀξυόεντιsharpὀξυόεις · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχεϊ - 515
as he leaps aboard, so that another too may shrink
Metre
νηὸςἐπιθρῴσκων‖ἵνατιςστυγέῃσικαὶἄλλος
νηὸςshipναῦς · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐπιθρῴσκωνἐπιθρῴσκωνleapingἐπιθρῴσκω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βλήμενοςἵναso thatἵνα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτιςsome manτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of στυγέῃσιστυγέῃσιshrinkστυγέω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἵνακαὶtooκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἄλλοςanotherἄλλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τις - 516
from bringing war of many tears upon the horse-taming Trojans.
Metre
Τρωσὶνἐφἱπποδάμοισι‖φέρεινπολύδακρυνἌρηα
ΤρωσὶνTrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐφ̓ἐφuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionἱπποδάμοισιhorse-tamingἱππόδαμος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρωσὶνφέρεινbringφέρω · present active infinitiveobject of στυγέῃσιπολύδακρυνtearfulπολύδακρυς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἌρηαἌρηαwarἌρης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of φέρειν - 517
And let heralds dear to Zeus proclaim throughout the city
Metre
κήρυκεςἀνὰἄστυ‖Διῒφίλοιἀγγελλόντων
κήρυκεςheraldsκῆρυξ · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἀγγελλόντωνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀνὰthroughoutἀνά · prepositionprepositionἄστυcityἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀνὰΔιῒZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounmodifies φίλοιφίλοιdearφίλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies κήρυκεςἀγγελλόντωνproclaimἀγγέλλω · present active imperative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 518
that youths in their first manhood and gray-templed old men
Metre
παῖδαςπρωθήβας‖πολιοκροτάφουςτεγέροντας
παῖδαςyouthsπαῖς · accusative plural masculine nounsubject of τεπρωθήβαςin first youthπρωθήβης · accusative plural masculine nounmodifies παῖδαςπολιοκροτάφουςgray-templedπολιοκρόταφος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies γέρονταςτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordγέρονταςold menγέρων · accusative plural masculine nounsubject of τε - 519
take their posts around the city on its god-built towers;
Metre
λέξασθαιπερὶἄστυ‖θεοδμήτωνἐπὶπύργων
λέξασθαιtake their postsλέγω · aorist middle infinitiveobject of ἀγγελλόντωνπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionἄστυcityἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to περὶθεοδμήτωνbuilt by godsθεόδμητος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies πύργωνἐπὶonἐπί · prepositionprepositionπύργωνtowersπύργος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἐπὶ - 520
and let the women, each within her hall,
Metre
θηλύτεραιδὲγυναῖκες‖ἐνὶμεγάροισινἑκάστη
θηλύτεραιfemaleθῆλυς · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies γυναῖκεςδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordγυναῖκεςwomenγυνή · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of καιόντωνἐνὶwithinἐν · prepositionprepositionμεγάροισινhallμέγαρον · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐνὶἑκάστηeachἕκαστος · nominative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 521
kindle a great fire; and let a steadfast watch be kept
Metre
πῦρμέγακαιόντων‖φυλακὴδέτιςἔμπεδοςἔστω
πῦρfireπῦρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καιόντωνμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πῦρκαιόντωνkindleκαίω · present active imperative, 3rd plural verbmain verbφυλακὴwatchφυλακή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔστωδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτιςaτις · nominative singular feminine pronounmodifies φυλακὴἔμπεδοςsteadfastἔμπεδος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies φυλακὴἔστωbeεἰμί · present active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 522
lest an ambush enter the city while the army is away.
Metre
μὴλόχοςεἰσέλθῃσι‖πόλινλαῶνἀπεόντων
μὴlestμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionλόχοςambushλόχος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εἰσέλθῃσιεἰσέλθῃσιenterεἰσέρχομαι · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to μὴπόλινcityπόλις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἰσέλθῃσιλαῶνarmyλαός · genitive plural masculine nounsubject of ἀπεόντωνἀπεόντωνbeing awayἄπειμι · present active participle, genitive plural masculineadverbial to εἰσέλθῃσι - 523
Let it be so, great-hearted Trojans, as I tell you;
Metre
ὧδἔστωΤρῶες‖μεγαλήτορεςὡςἀγορεύω
ὧδsoὧδε · adverbadverbial to ἔστωἔστωbeεἰμί · present active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headμεγαλήτορεςgreat-heartedμεγαλήτωρ · vocative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρῶεςὡςasὡς · conjunctionadverbial to ἀγορεύωἀγορεύωtellἀγορεύω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbadverbial to ἔστω - 524
let the counsel now spoken stand sound and whole,
μῦθοςcounselμῦθος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔστωδandδέ · particlesentence particleὃςwhichὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectμὲνfor nowμέν · particlesentence particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbialὑγιὴςsoundὑγιής · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounεἰρημένοςspokenἐρῶ · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculinepredicate nounἔστωlet it standεἰμί · present active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 525
and at dawn I shall speak another among the horse-taming Trojans.
τὸνanotherὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀγορεύσωδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἠοῦςat dawnἠώς · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀγορεύσωΤρώεσσιTrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of μεθ̓μεθamongμετά · prepositionprepositionἱπποδάμοιςhorse-tamingἱππόδαμος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρώεσσιἀγορεύσωspeakἀγορεύω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 526
I hope, praying to Zeus and all the other gods,
Metre
ἔλπομαιεὐχόμενος‖Διίἄλλοισίντεθεοῖσιν
ἔλπομαιI expectἔλπω · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbεὐχόμενοςprayingεὔχομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔλπομαιΔιίZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of τετandτε · particlesentence particleἄλλοισίνotherἄλλος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοῖσιντεandτε · particlecoordinating wordθεοῖσινgodsθεός · dative plural masculine nounobject of τε - 527
to drive from here these dogs borne onward by doom,
Metre
ἐξελάανἐνθένδε‖κύναςκηρεσσιφορήτους
ἐξελάανdriveἐξελαύνω · present active infinitiveobject of ἔλπομαιἐνθένδεfrom hereἐνθένδε · adverbobject of ἐξελάανκύναςdogsκύων · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐξελάανκηρεσσιφορήτουςborne by doomκηρεσσιφόρητος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies κύνας - 528
whom the dooms carry upon the black ships.
Metre
οὓςκῆρεςφορέουσι‖μελαινάωνἐπὶνηῶν
οὓςwhomὅς · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of φορέουσικῆρεςthe fatesκήρ · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of φορέουσιφορέουσιcarryφορέω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing κύναςμελαινάωνblackμέλαινα · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies νηῶνἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionνηῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἐπὶ - 529
But through the night let us keep guard over ourselves,
Metre
ἀλλἤτοιἐπὶνυκτὶ‖φυλάξομενἡμέαςαὐτούς
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleἐπὶthroughἐπί · prepositionprepositionνυκτὶnightνύξ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐπὶφυλάξομενkeep watchφυλάζω · future active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbἡμέαςusἐγώ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of φυλάξομεναὐτούςourselvesαὐτός · accusative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 530
and early at dawn, arrayed in our armor,
πρῶϊearlyπρωί · adverbadverbial to ἐγείρομενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὑπηοῖοιbefore dawnὑπηοῖος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementσὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionτεύχεσιarmorτεῦχος · dative plural neuter nounobject of σὺνθωρηχθέντεςarrayedθωρήσσω · aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐγείρομεν - 531
let us rouse sharp battle beside the hollow ships.
Metre
νηυσὶνἔπιγλαφυρῇσιν‖ἐγείρομενὀξὺνἌρηα
νηυσὶνshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἔπιἔπιbesideἐπί · prepositionprepositionγλαφυρῇσινhollowγλαφυρός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶνἐγείρομενrouseἐγείρω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbὀξὺνsharpὀξύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἐγείρομενἌρηαbattleἌρης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐγείρομεν - 532
Then I shall know whether mighty Diomedes, son of Tydeus,
Metre
εἴσομαιεἴκέὁΤυδεΐδης‖κρατερὸςΔιομήδης
εἴσομαιknowοἶδα · future indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbεἴwhetherεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκέmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀπώσεταιὁtheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies ΔιομήδηςΤυδεΐδηςson of TydeusΤυδείδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectκρατερὸςmightyκρατερός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιομήδηςΔιομήδηςDiomedesΔιομήδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 533
will drive me from the ships toward the wall, or whether I
Metre
πὰρνηῶνπρὸςτεῖχος‖ἀπώσεταιἤκενἐγὼτὸν
πὰρfromπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to πὰρπρὸςtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionτεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of πρὸςἀπώσεταιdrive awayἀπωθέω · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verbobject of ἤἤorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκενwillἄν · particleemphasizing particleἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of φέρωμαιτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of φέρωμαι - 534
shall cut him down with bronze and carry off his bloodied spoils.
Metre
χαλκῷδῃώσας‖ἔναραβροτόενταφέρωμαι
χαλκῷbronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to δῃώσαςδῃώσαςcut downδηιόω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to φέρωμαιἔναραspoilsἔναρα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of φέρωμαιβροτόενταblood-stainedβροτόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔναραφέρωμαιcarry offφέρω · present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verbobject of ἤ - 535
Tomorrow he shall learn his own valor, if he stands
Metre
αὔριονἣνἀρετὴν‖διαείσεταιεἴἐμὸνἔγχος
αὔριονtomorrowαὔριον · adverbadverbial to διαείσεταιἣνhis ownἑός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀρετὴνἀρετὴνvalorἀρετή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of διαείσεταιδιαείσεταιshall learnδιαείδω · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleἐμὸνmyἐμός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of μείνῃ - 536
against my oncoming spear; but among the foremost, I think,
μείνῃstandsμένω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἴἐπερχόμενονoncomingἐπέρχομαι · present medio-passive participle, accusative singular neutercircumstantial complementἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἐνamongἐν · prepositionprepositionπρώτοισινthe foremostπρῶτος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἀλλ̓ὀΐωI thinkοἴομαι · present active indicative, 1st singular verbgoverned by an elided head - 537
he will lie wounded, with many comrades around him,
κείσεταιwill lieκεῖμαι · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοὐτηθείςwoundedοὐτάω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κείσεταιπολέεςmanyπολύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἑταῖροιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀμφaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionαὐτὸνhimαὐτός · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobjectἑταῖροιcomradesἑταῖρος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject - 538
at tomorrow's sunrise. If only I
Metre
ἠελίουἀνιόντος‖ἐςαὔριονεἰγὰρἐγὼνὣς
ἠελίουof the sunἠέλιος · genitive singular masculine nounsubject of ἀνιόντοςἀνιόντοςrisingἄνειμι · present active participle, genitive singular masculineadverbialἐςatεἰς · prepositionprepositionαὔριονtomorrowαὔριον · adverbadverbialεἰifεἰ · interjectionsentence particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐγὼνIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δ̓ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to δ̓ - 539
were immortal and ageless all my days,
Metre
εἴηνἀθάνατος‖καὶἀγήρωςἤματαπάντα
εἴηνwereεἰμί · present active optative, 1st singular verbmain verbἀθάνατοςimmortalἀθάνατος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀγήρωςunagingἀγήραος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἤματαdaysἦμαρ · accusative plural neuter nounadverbial to εἴηνπάνταallπᾶς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἤματα - 540
and honored as Athena and Apollo are honored,
Metre
τιοίμηνὡςτίετ‖ἈθηναίηκαὶἈπόλλων
τιοίμηνmight be honoredτίω · present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὡςasὡς · adverbadverbial to τίετ̓τίετhonoredτίω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to τιοίμηνἈθηναίηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 541
as surely as this day now brings evil to the Argives."
Metre
ὡςνῦνἡμέρηἥδε‖κακὸνφέρειἈργείοισιν
ὡςasὡς · adverbsubordinating conjunctionνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to φέρειἡμέρηdayἡμέρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of φέρειἥδεthisὅδε · nominative singular feminine pronounmodifies ἡμέρηκακὸνevilκακός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveobject of φέρειφέρειcarriesφέρω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓Ἀργείοισινthe ArgivesἈργεῖος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of φέρει - 542
So Hector spoke, and the Trojans shouted aloud.
Metre
ὣςἝκτωρἀγόρευ‖ἐπὶδὲΤρῶεςκελάδησαν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἀγόρεὐἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀγόρεὐἀγόρευspokeἀγορεύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπὶthenἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of κελάδησανκελάδησανshoutedκελαδέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 543
They loosed the sweating horses from beneath the yoke,
οἳtheyὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of λῦσανδandδέ · particlesentence particleἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of λῦσανμὲνon the one handμέν · particlesentence particleλῦσανloosedλύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionζυγοῦyokeζυγόν · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ὑπὸἱδρώονταςsweatingἱδρόω · present active participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complement - 544
and each man tethered his team with straps beside his chariot;
δῆσανtetheredδέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἱμάντεσσιstrapsἱμάς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to δῆσανπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionἅρμασινchariotἅρμα · dative plural neuter nounobject of παῤοἷσινhisἑός · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἅρμασινἕκαστοςeachἕκαστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 545
they brought cattle and sturdy sheep out from the city
ἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπόλιοςcityπόλις · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐκδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄξοντοbroughtἄγω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbβόαςcattleβοῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἴφιαstrongἴφιος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies μῆλαμῆλαsheepμῆλον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶ - 546
with all speed, and fetched honey-hearted wine,
Metre
καρπαλίμωςοἶνον‖δὲμελίφροναοἰνίζοντο
καρπαλίμωςswiftlyκαρπάλιμος · adverbadverbial to ἄξοντοοἶνονwineοἶνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τ̓δὲandδέ · particlesentence particleμελίφροναhoney-sweetμελίφρων · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies οἶνονοἰνίζοντοfetchedοἰνίζομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 547
and grain from the halls, and gathered heaps of wood.
σῖτόνgrainσῖτος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τ̓τandτε · particlecoordinating wordἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionμεγάρωνhallsμέγαρον · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἐκἐπὶbesidesἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordξύλαwoodξύλον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of λέγοντοπολλὰmanyπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ξύλαλέγοντοgatheredλέγω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 548
They offered perfect hecatombs to the immortals,
Metre
ἔρδονἀθανάτοισι‖τεληέσσαςἑκατόμβας
ἔρδονwere offeringἔρδω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbUnaugmented imperfect (Homeric); subject (the Trojans) is understood from the wider context.
δ’andδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀθανάτοισιto the immortalsἀθάνατος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἔρδονEpic dative plural in -οισι; used substantivally, 'the immortal ones' = the gods.
τεληέσσαςperfectτελήεις · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἑκατόμβαςἑκατόμβαςhecatombsἑκατόμβη · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἔρδον - 549
and winds carried the savor from the plain toward heaven,
Metre
κνίσηνἐκπεδίου‖ἄνεμοιφέρονοὐρανὸνεἴσω
κνίσηνthe savorκνῖσα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of φέρονδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπεδίουthe plainπεδίον · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἐκἄνεμοιwindsἄνεμος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of φέρονφέρονcarriedφέρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbοὐρανὸνheavenοὐρανός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εἴσωεἴσωtowardεἴσω · prepositionpreposition - 550
sweet savor; but the blessed gods took no share of it
Metre
ἡδεῖαντῆςοὔ‖τιθεοὶμάκαρεςδατέοντο
ἡδεῖανsweetἡδύς · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifiesContinues a description of the sacrificial savor (κνίση) named in the preceding, unquoted verse; no head noun appears in this segment.
τῆςof itὁ · genitive singular feminine pronounobject of δατέοντοHomeric ὁ/ἡ/τό used as an anaphoric demonstrative pronoun (not the definite article), referring back to the savor; partitive genitive with δατέοντο, 'partake of'.
δ’butδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὔnotοὐ · adverbadverbial to δατέοντοτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to δατέοντοοὔ τι is a fixed idiom, 'not at all'; τι is an adverbial accusative, not a direct object.
θεοὶgodsθεός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of δατέοντομάκαρεςblessedμάκαρ · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοὶδατέοντοtook a share ofδατέομαι · imperfect middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbUnaugmented imperfect (Homeric).
- 551
and had no wish to, for sacred Ilion was deeply hateful to them,
Metre
οὐδἔθελονμάλαγάρ‖σφινἀπήχθετοἼλιοςἱρή
οὐδ’norοὐδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἔθελονwere willingἐθέλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbSubject (the blessed gods) carried over from the previous clause.
μάλαvery muchμάλα · adverbadverbial to ἀπήχθετογάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleσφινto themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἀπήχθετοἀπήχθετοwas hatefulἀπέχθομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀπέχθομαι, 'to be an object of hatred', regularly takes a dative of the person to whom something is hateful (σφιν).
ἼλιοςIlionἼλιος · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἀπήχθετοἱρήsacredἱερός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἼλιοςEpic/Ionic contracted (shortened) form of ἱερή, not the reverse — the fuller, standard form is ἱερός/ἱερή.
- 552
and Priam, and the people of Priam of the strong ash spear.
Metre
καὶΠρίαμοςκαὶλαὸς‖ἐϋμμελίωΠριάμοιο
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΠρίαμοςPriamΠρίαμος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπήχθετοCoordinated with Ἴλιος as a further subject of ἀπήχθετο (Book 8, line 551).
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordλαὸςthe peopleλαός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπήχθετοCoordinated with Πρίαμος and Ἴλιος as a further subject of ἀπήχθετο.
ἐϋμμελίωof the strong ash spearἐϋμμελίης · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΠριάμοιοStanding epic epithet of Priam, 'armed with the good ashen spear'.
Πριάμοιοof PriamΠρίαμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies λαὸςEpic genitive singular ending -οιο (= Attic -ου).
- 553
High-hearted, they sat upon the causeways of battle
Metre
οἳδὲμέγαφρονέοντες‖ἐπὶπτολέμοιογεφύρας
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of εἴατοδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleμέγαproudlyμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to φρονέοντεςφρονέοντεςthinkingφρονέω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to εἴατοἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionπτολέμοιοof battleπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies γεφύραςγεφύραςcausewaysγέφυρα · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπὶ - 554
all night long, and many fires burned among them.
Metre
εἴατοπαννύχιοι‖πυρὰδέσφισικαίετοπολλά
εἴατοsatεἰμί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπαννύχιοιall nightπαννύχιος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπυρὰfiresπυρά · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καίετοδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσφισιthemσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of καίετοκαίετοburnedκαίω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπολλάmanyπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectivecircumstantial complement - 555
As when in heaven the stars about the shining moon
Metre
ὡςὅτἐνοὐρανῷἄστρα‖φαεινὴνἀμφὶσελήνην
ὡςasὡς · conjunctionadverbialδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅτwhenὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionοὐρανῷheavenοὐρανός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνἄστραstarsἄστρον · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of φαίνετ̓φαεινὴνshiningφαεινός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies σελήνηνἀμφὶaboutἀμφί · prepositionprepositionσελήνηνmoonσελήνη · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀμφὶ - 556
shine forth clear, when the upper air is windless,
Metre
φαίνετἀριπρεπέα‖ὅτεἔπλετονήνεμοςαἰθήρ
φαίνετshine forthφαίνω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbialἀριπρεπέαclearἀριπρεπής · nominative plural neuter adjectivepredicate nounὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτandτε · particlesentence particleἔπλετοwasπέλω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτενήνεμοςwindlessνήνεμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounαἰθήρairαἰθήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔπλετο - 557
and all the lookout peaks and high headlands stand revealed,
ἔκforthἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleτandτε · particlecoordinating wordἔφανενwere revealedφαίνω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbialπᾶσαιallπᾶς · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies σκοπιαὶσκοπιαὶlookout peaksσκοπιά · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleπρώονεςheadlandsπρών · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶἄκροιhighἄκρος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies πρώονες - 558
and the valleys, and boundless upper air breaks open from heaven,
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνάπαιvalleysνάπη · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of καὶοὐρανόθενfrom heavenοὐρανόθεν · adverbadverbial to ὑπερράγηδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὑπερράγηbroke openὑπορρήγνυμι · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbialἄσπετοςvastἄσπετος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies αἰθήραἰθήρairαἰθήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὑπερράγη - 559
and all the stars are seen, and the shepherd's heart rejoices,
Metre
πάνταδὲεἴδεταιἄστρα‖γέγηθεδέτεφρέναποιμήν
πάνταallπᾶς · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἄστραδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleεἴδεταιare seenεἴδομαι · present indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbialἄστραstarsἄστρον · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of εἴδεταιγέγηθεrejoicesγηθέω · perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verbadverbialδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεandτε · particleemphasizing particleφρέναheartφρήν · accusative singular feminine nounobject of γέγηθεποιμήνshepherdποιμήν · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of γέγηθε - 560
so many fires, between the ships and the streams of Xanthus,
Metre
τόσσαμεσηγὺνεῶν‖ἠδὲΞάνθοιοῥοάων
τόσσαso manyτόσος · nominative plural neuter adjectivecircumstantial complementμεσηγὺbetweenμεσηγύ · prepositionprepositionνεῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to ἠδὲἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordΞάνθοιοXanthusΞάνθος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ῥοάωνῥοάωνstreamsῥόα · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to ἠδὲ - 561
shone before Ilion where the Trojans burned them.
Metre
Τρώωνκαιόντων‖πυρὰφαίνετοἸλιόθιπρό
ΤρώωνTrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounsubject of καιόντωνκαιόντωνburningκαίω · present active participle, genitive plural masculineadverbial to φαίνετοπυρὰfiresπυρά · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of φαίνετοφαίνετοshoneφαίνω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἸλιόθιat IlionἸλιόθι · adverbadverbial to πρόπρόbeforeπρό · prepositionpreposition - 562
A thousand fires were burning on the plain, and beside each
Metre
χίλιἄρἐνπεδίῳ‖πυρὰκαίετοπὰρδὲἑκάστῳ
χίλιthousandχίλιοι · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies πυρὰἄρthenἄρα · particleemphasizing particleἐνonἐν · prepositionprepositionπεδίῳplainπεδίον · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐνπυρὰfiresπυρά · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of καίετοκαίετοwere burningκαίω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπὰρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἑκάστῳeachἕκαστος · dative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to πὰρ - 563
sat fifty men in the blaze of the burning fire.
Metre
εἴατοπεντήκοντα‖σέλᾳπυρὸςαἰθομένοιο
εἴατοsatεἰμί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπεντήκονταfiftyπεντήκοντα · numeralsubject of εἴατοσέλᾳblazeσέλας · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to εἴατοπυρὸςfireπῦρ · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies σέλᾳαἰθομένοιοblazingαἴθω · present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neutermodifies πυρὸς - 564
And the horses, munching white barley and spelt,
Metre
ἵπποιδὲκρῖλευκὸν‖ἐρεπτόμενοικαὶὀλύρας
ἵπποιhorsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of μίμνονδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκρῖbarleyκρῖ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶλευκὸνwhiteλευκός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κρῖἐρεπτόμενοιcroppingἐρέπτομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to μίμνονκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὀλύραςspeltὄλυρα · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶ - 565
stood beside the chariots and waited for fair-throned Dawn.
Metre
ἑσταότεςπαρὄχεσφιν‖ἐΰθρονονἨῶμίμνον
ἑσταότεςstandingἵστημι · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to μίμνονπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionὄχεσφινchariotsὄχος · dative plural neuter nounobject of παῤἐΰθρονονfair-thronedεὔθρονος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἨῶἨῶDawnἠώς · accusative dual feminine nounobject of μίμνονμίμνονwaitedμίμνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb
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- Ἰλιάς, Homer. The Wrath.
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