German · Unit 20
Unit 20: Opernbesuch
Volume 2
A night at the opera
Basic Sentences I
- 1
At the box office.
Anat, onderthe airportTheaterkasse.box office - 2
I wish I had known that we were going to meet again here of all places!
DasthathätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)ichIwissenknowsollen,be supposed todassthatwirwe haveunswe like itausgerechnetit would have to be ... !hierherewiedersehen!good-bye - 3
And had I suspected that you were going to the opera today, too, I would have called you up sometime during the day.
UndandhätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)ichIgeahnt,suspected, had an idea (ahnen)dassthatSiewould you likeheutetodayauchalso, tooinin BonndieoperaOperoperagehen,to go and eathätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)ichISiewould you likeimin the courseLaufein the coursedesof the French authorTageshello (good day)angerufen.he has called up - 4
You're thinking then we could have gotten seats next to each other.
Siewould you likemeinen,my (accusative)dannthenhättenI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)wirwe havePlätzeplace, seat (plural)nebeneinandernext to each other, side by sidebekommenget, receivekönnen.to be able to
- sollen
- should have, ought to have
- ausgerechnet
- of all (people, places, things, etc.)
- können
- would have been able to, could have
- nebeneinander
- next to each other, side by side
- 5
That's right. You see, I had two tickets for the dress-circle, and I turned one of them in at the box office just a little while ago.
Richtig.reallyIchIhattehadnämlichto be specificzweitwo MarksKartenticket (plural)fürfordentheerstenon the second floorRang,tier, circle, balconyundandichIhabehave (I)vorhina little while agoeineone Markanat, onderthe airportKassecashier's desk or windowzurückgegeben.given back (zurückgeben) - 6
In what row?
Inin Bonnwelcherwhich (object)Reihe?row - 7
In the first.
Inin Bonnderthe airportersten.on the second floor - 8
Let me see your ticket! Well there you are, we are sitting next to each other.
Lassenhave something soledSiewould you likemichme (acc)Ihreher, theirKarteticketsehen!seeNawell, that's a surprisealso,well, that's a surprisewirwe havesitzensitjayesnebeneinander.next to each other, side by side
- Rang
- the dress-circle
- also
- well there you are; what-are-you-worried-about?
- 9
Then you got the ticket I brought back ('brought back by me').
DannthenhabenhaveSiewould you likejayesdiethe embassyvonofmirme, to mezurückgebrachtebrought back (zurückbringen)Karteticketbekommen.get, receive - 10
Yes. If we had known that beforehand I wouldn't have had to queue up for my ticket, which used to be your ticket.
Ja,yeswennwhen, ifwirwe havedasthatvorherbefore, firstgewusst-wusst (gewusst: known, wissen)hätten,I'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)hätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)ichInichtnot ... eitherfürformeinemyKarte,ticketdiethe embassyIhreher, theirKarteticketwar,wasSchlangequeue, linestehenstandmüssen.to have to - 11
At the box office.
Anat, onderthe airportTheaterkasse.box office - 12
I wish I had known that we were going to meet again here of all places!
DasthathätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)ichIwissenknowsollen,be supposed todassthatwirwe haveunswe like itausgerechnetit would have to be ... !hierherewiedersehen!good-bye - 13
And had I suspected that you were going to the opera today, too, I would have called you up sometime during the day.
UndandhätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)ichIgeahnt,suspected, had an idea (ahnen)dassthatSiewould you likeheutetodayauchalso, tooinin BonndieoperaOperoperagehen,to go and eathätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)ichISiewould you likeimin the courseLaufein the coursedesof the French authorTageshello (good day)angerufen.he has called up - 14
You're thinking then we could have gotten seats next to each other.
Siewould you likemeinen,my (accusative)dannthenhättenI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)wirwe havePlätzeplace, seat (plural)nebeneinandernext to each other, side by sidebekommenget, receivekönnen.to be able to - 15
That's right. You see, I had two tickets for the dress-circle, and I turned one of them in at the box office just a little while ago.
Richtig.reallyIchIhattehadnämlichto be specificzweitwo MarksKartenticket (plural)fürfordentheerstenon the second floorRang,tier, circle, balconyundandichIhabehave (I)vorhina little while agoeineone Markanat, onderthe airportKassecashier's desk or windowzurückgegeben.given back (zurückgeben) - 16
In what row?
Inin Bonnwelcherwhich (object)Reihe?row - 17
In the first.
Inin Bonnderthe airportersten.on the second floor - 18
Let me see your ticket! Well there you are, we are sitting next to each other.
Lassenhave something soledSiewould you likemichme (acc)Ihreher, theirKarteticketsehen!seeNawell, that's a surprisealso,well, that's a surprisewirwe havesitzensitjayesnebeneinander.next to each other, side by side - 19
Then you got the ticket I brought back ('brought back by me').
DannthenhabenhaveSiewould you likejayesdiethe embassyvonofmirme, to mezurückgebrachtebrought back (zurückbringen)Karteticketbekommen.get, receive - 20
Yes. If we had known that beforehand I wouldn't have had to queue up for my ticket, which used to be your ticket.
Ja,yeswennwhen, ifwirwe havedasthatvorherbefore, firstgewusst-wusst (gewusst: known, wissen)hätten,I'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)hätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)ichInichtnot ... eitherfürformeinemyKarte,ticketdiethe embassyIhreher, theirKarteticketwar,wasSchlangequeue, linestehenstandmüssen.to have to
- müssen
- would have had to, should have
Basic Sentences II
- 21
In the lobby.
Imin theFoyer.lobby, foyer - 22
What a crowd at the checkroom! If we'd come without our hats and coats we wouldn't have to wait in line there again so soon.
Welchwhat (a) (welch ein)einone yearAndrangcrowd, press, rushanat, onderthe airportGarderobe!checkroom, cloakroomWärenyou would be, you werewirwe haveohnewithoutHuthatundandMantelcoat, overcoatgekommen,came, did comemüsstenought to, shouldwirwe havedorttherenichtnot ... eitherschonalready, beforewiederagain, backanstehen.stand in line
- Andrang
- the crowd, press, rush
- müssten
- would have to, should
- 23
Yes, we only have a few minutes left, and I'd like to get a couple of sandwich rolls at the refreshment bar before we go in.
Ja,yeswirwe havehabenwe havenuronlynochstill, yeteina couple, a fewpaara couple, a fewMinutenin ten minutesZeit,timeundandichIhätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)mirme, to megernI'd like very muchnochstill, yeteina couple, a fewpaara couple, a fewbelegte(open-face) sandwich rollBrötchenrollambestBuffetbuffetgeholt.he picks up - 24
I ought to do that too. They're always excellent here at the refreshment bar in the theater.
Dasthatsolltehe is supposed toichIauchalso, tootun.doSiewould you likesindarehierhereambestTheaterbuffetrefreshment bar (in the theater)immeralwaysausgezeichnet.excellent - 25
I'll check our things at the cloakroom; you could be getting the sandwiches in the meantime.
IchIwerdeI will beunsereourSachenthing (plural)anat, onderthe airportGarderobecheckroom, cloakroomabgebengive out (with)undandSiewould you likekönntencouldinzwischenin the meantimediethe embassybelegtenfilled up, occupiedBrötchenrollholen.go and get - 26
Two for me please, one roast beef and one caviar.
Fürformichme (acc)bittepleasezwei,two Markseinsonemitsausage and sauerkrautRoastbeef,roast beefeinsonemitsausage and sauerkrautKaviar.caviar - 27
In the lobby.
Imin theFoyer.lobby, foyer - 28
What a crowd at the checkroom! If we'd come without our hats and coats we wouldn't have to wait in line there again so soon.
Welchwhat (a) (welch ein)einone yearAndrangcrowd, press, rushanat, onderthe airportGarderobe!checkroom, cloakroomWärenyou would be, you werewirwe haveohnewithoutHuthatundandMantelcoat, overcoatgekommen,came, did comemüsstenought to, shouldwirwe havedorttherenichtnot ... eitherschonalready, beforewiederagain, backanstehen.stand in line - 29
Yes, we only have a few minutes left, and I'd like to get a couple of sandwich rolls at the refreshment bar before we go in.
Ja,yeswirwe havehabenwe havenuronlynochstill, yeteina couple, a fewpaara couple, a fewMinutenin ten minutesZeit,timeundandichIhätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)mirme, to megernI'd like very muchnochstill, yeteina couple, a fewpaara couple, a fewbelegte(open-face) sandwich rollBrötchenrollambestBuffetbuffetgeholt.he picks up - 30
I ought to do that too. They're always excellent here at the refreshment bar in the theater.
Dasthatsolltehe is supposed toichIauchalso, tootun.doSiewould you likesindarehierhereambestTheaterbuffetrefreshment bar (in the theater)immeralwaysausgezeichnet.excellent - 31
I'll check our things at the cloakroom; you could be getting the sandwiches in the meantime.
IchIwerdeI will beunsereourSachenthing (plural)anat, onderthe airportGarderobecheckroom, cloakroomabgebengive out (with)undandSiewould you likekönntencouldinzwischenin the meantimediethe embassybelegtenfilled up, occupiedBrötchenrollholen.go and get - 32
Two for me please, one roast beef and one caviar.
Fürformichme (acc)bittepleasezwei,two Markseinsonemitsausage and sauerkrautRoastbeef,roast beefeinsonemitsausage and sauerkrautKaviar.caviar
- Brötchen
- the roll
- Brötchen
- the (open-face) sandwich roll
- sollte
- ought to, should
- Roastbeef
- the roast beef
- Kaviar
- the caviar
Basic Sentences III
- 33
Inside the theater.
Imin theZuschauerraum.auditorium. house, inside part of the theater - 34
Well now we do have a few minutes before the overture begins, after all. What happened to the business trip to Bayreuth, which you didn't want to take?
Nunnow, wellhabenhavewirwe havedoch(no exact equivalent. Unstressed particle expressing an obvious fact.)nochstill, yeteinigea fewMinutenin ten minutesZeittimebisto, untilzumto the customs officeBeginnbeginning, startderthe airportOuvertüre.overtureWaswhatwurdehe, it will beausout of, fromderthe airportGeschäftsreisebusiness tripnachto, towardBayreuth,Bayreuthdiethe embassySiewould you likenichtnot ... eithergernewith pleasuremachenmake, dowollten?we were planning - 35
I'm very glad that I had to go.
IchIbinamganzquitefroh,gladdassthatichIfahrengo, ride (in a vehicle)musste.had to - 36
Denn als ich dort war, gab es gerade wieder einmal eine neue Tannhäuser-Inszenierung. Und die konnte ich mir natürlich nicht entgehen lassen.
For when I was there they were just putting on a new staging of Tannhäuser again. And of course I couldn't miss that.
- Beginn
- the beginning, start
- 37
Why yes. We all know that nowadays it's become one of the obligations of a cultivated person to observe what the maestro's grandchildren make of the works of Richard Wagner.
Naja,well, oh wellesitgehörthe, it belongsjayesmittlerweilein the meantime, (i.e., in the interval up to the present day)zurto thePflichtobligation, dutyeinesof aMenschenman, human beingvoncultivated, culturedKulturcultivated, culturedzuto be declarederleben,experience, observewiehowdesof the French authorMeistersmaestroEnkelgrandson, grandchilddiethe embassyWerkework, opus (plural)RichardRichard (the spelling word for R)WagnersWegnergestalten.arrange, set up, make, mold, form
- mittlerweile
- in the meantime (i.e., in the interval up to the present day)
- Kultur
- cultivated, cultured
- Enkel
- the grandchild
- Werke
- the work, opus
- 38
Und wie er es selbst sich sicher nicht hätte träumen lassen. --
And in a way that he wouldn't have allowed himself to dream of. --
- 39
I put our cloakroom checks in my pocket.
IchIhabehave (I)unsereourGarderobenmarkencloakroom checkseingesteckt.put in one's pocket (einstecken) - 40
Hier ist Ihr Programm für die heutige Tannhäuser-Aufführung.
Here's your program for today's performance of Tannhäuser.
- 41
What do you mean Tannhäuser? I certainly wouldn't be going to Tannhäuser again so soon. They're doing Carmen!
Wiesowhy, how soTannhäuser?Tannhäuser (Wagner's opera)IchIwürdeI would likemirme, to mebestimmtcertainlynichtnot ... eitherschonalready, beforewiederagain, back'Tannhäuser'Tannhäuser (Wagner's opera)anhören.listen to, go to a performance of (an opera) etc.Esthere is, there aregibtthere is, there aredoch(no exact equivalent. Unstressed particle expressing an obvious fact.)'Carmen'!Carmen (Bizet's opera)
- 42
Wrong, old boy. That's what it was originally supposed to be. Didn't you see the poster in front of the theater? Read it here in the program then.
Irrtum,error, mistakemeinmy dear fellow, old boyLieber.my dear fellow, old boySolltehe is supposed toesitursprünglichoriginal(ly)geben!giveHabenhaveSiewould you likenichtnot ... eitherdentheAnschlagposter, placardvoryou plan to dodemwith the waiterTheatertheatergesehen?seenDannthenlesenreadSiewould you likeesithierhereimin theProgramm.program - 43
"Change of program due to the illness of several singers. In place of Bizet's Carmen Wagner's Tannhäuser." Here's your cloakroom check. I'm leaving!
"Spielplanwechselchange of programwegenon account ofErkrankungillness (i.e., becoming ill)mehrerermore, leftSänger.singerStatt(the accented adverb of stattfinden: to take place)BizetsBizet's'Carmen',Carmen (Bizet's opera)WagnersWegner'Tannhäuser'."Tannhäuser (Wagner's opera)HierhereistisIhreher, theirGarderobenmarke.cloakroom checkIchI gogehe!I go - 44
Inside the theater.
Imin theZuschauerraum.auditorium. house, inside part of the theater - 45
Well now we do have a few minutes before the overture begins, after all. What happened to the business trip to Bayreuth, which you didn't want to take?
Nunnow, wellhabenhavewirwe havedoch(no exact equivalent. Unstressed particle expressing an obvious fact.)nochstill, yeteinigea fewMinutenin ten minutesZeittimebisto, untilzumto the customs officeBeginnbeginning, startderthe airportOuvertüre.overtureWaswhatwurdehe, it will beausout of, fromderthe airportGeschäftsreisebusiness tripnachto, towardBayreuth,Bayreuthdiethe embassySiewould you likenichtnot ... eithergernewith pleasuremachenmake, dowollten?we were planning - 46
I'm very glad that I had to go.
IchIbinamganzquitefroh,gladdassthatichIfahrengo, ride (in a vehicle)musste.had to - 47
Denn als ich dort war, gab es gerade wieder einmal eine neue Tannhäuser-Inszenierung. Und die konnte ich mir natürlich nicht entgehen lassen.
For when I was there they were just putting on a new staging of Tannhäuser again. And of course I couldn't miss that.
- 48
Why yes. We all know that nowadays it's become one of the obligations of a cultivated person to observe what the maestro's grandchildren make of the works of Richard Wagner.
Naja,well, oh wellesitgehörthe, it belongsjayesmittlerweilein the meantime, (i.e., in the interval up to the present day)zurto thePflichtobligation, dutyeinesof aMenschenman, human beingvoncultivated, culturedKulturcultivated, culturedzuto be declarederleben,experience, observewiehowdesof the French authorMeistersmaestroEnkelgrandson, grandchilddiethe embassyWerkework, opus (plural)RichardRichard (the spelling word for R)WagnersWegnergestalten.arrange, set up, make, mold, form - 49
Und wie er es selbst sich sicher nicht hätte träumen lassen. --
And in a way that he wouldn't have allowed himself to dream of. --
- 50
I put our cloakroom checks in my pocket.
IchIhabehave (I)unsereourGarderobenmarkencloakroom checkseingesteckt.put in one's pocket (einstecken) - 51
Hier ist Ihr Programm für die heutige Tannhäuser-Aufführung.
Here's your program for today's performance of Tannhäuser.
- 52
What do you mean Tannhäuser? I certainly wouldn't be going to Tannhäuser again so soon. They're doing Carmen!
Wiesowhy, how soTannhäuser?Tannhäuser (Wagner's opera)IchIwürdeI would likemirme, to mebestimmtcertainlynichtnot ... eitherschonalready, beforewiederagain, back'Tannhäuser'Tannhäuser (Wagner's opera)anhören.listen to, go to a performance of (an opera) etc.Esthere is, there aregibtthere is, there aredoch(no exact equivalent. Unstressed particle expressing an obvious fact.)'Carmen'!Carmen (Bizet's opera) - 53
Wrong, old boy. That's what it was originally supposed to be. Didn't you see the poster in front of the theater? Read it here in the program then.
Irrtum,error, mistakemeinmy dear fellow, old boyLieber.my dear fellow, old boySolltehe is supposed toesitursprünglichoriginal(ly)geben!giveHabenhaveSiewould you likenichtnot ... eitherdentheAnschlagposter, placardvoryou plan to dodemwith the waiterTheatertheatergesehen?seenDannthenlesenreadSiewould you likeesithierhereimin theProgramm.program - 54
"Change of program due to the illness of several singers. In place of Bizet's Carmen Wagner's Tannhäuser." Here's your cloakroom check. I'm leaving!
"Spielplanwechselchange of programwegenon account ofErkrankungillness (i.e., becoming ill)mehrerermore, leftSänger.singerStatt(the accented adverb of stattfinden: to take place)BizetsBizet's'Carmen',Carmen (Bizet's opera)WagnersWegner'Tannhäuser'."Tannhäuser (Wagner's opera)HierhereistisIhreher, theirGarderobenmarke.cloakroom checkIchI gogehe!I go
- Lieber
- my dear fellow, old boy
- ursprünglich
- original(ly)
- Sänger
- the singer
Verbs. The auxiliary verbs dürfen, können, möchte, müssen, sollen, wollen, 1 of 4
Six auxiliaries as a group
Six auxiliaries form a group: dürfen, können, möchte, müssen, sollen and wollen.
Their forms are alike. They also work alike in a verb phrase.
The auxiliary and its infinitive
These auxiliaries usually come with a second verb in the infinitive. In the question Darf ich um Ihren Namen bitten, darf goes with bitten. It means may I have your name please.
The infinitive can be left out when the rest of the sentence makes it clear.
Wollten Sie nicht auch in die Buchhandlung Müller is a question with no infinitive. It means didn't you want to go to Müller's Bookstore also. The words to go are understood.
The auxiliaries in past time
For past time the simple past is used most often. Ich konnte leider nicht hingehen means unfortunately I couldn't go.
The perfect phrase and the pluperfect phrase with an auxiliary are special. The auxiliary is an infinitive, not a past participle.
Ich habe meine Abreise noch aufschieben können means I was able to put off my departure. Können is the infinitive.
In a clause with the verb at the end, the two infinitives come last: dass er ihn mit ins Abteil hatte nehmen wollen.
Two more kinds of infinitive
A perfect infinitive is a past participle with haben, as in gesehen haben. A passive infinitive is a past participle with werden, as in übersetzt werden.
The six auxiliaries go with both kinds. Das kann ich gesagt haben means I may have said that.
Dieser Artikel soll so schnell wie möglich übersetzt werden means this article is to be translated as quickly as possible.
Möchte and its other forms
Until now this verb has appeared only as möchte. Möchte is a polite way to state a wish, a request or a suggestion.
Ich möchte nach Amerika auswandern means I'd like to emigrate to America.
Möchte is by far the most common form. The other forms occur less often. The infinitive and the wir-form are mögen. The simple past is mochte. The past participle is gemocht.
- 55
May I have your name please?
Darfmay Iichmay IumaroundIhrenyourNamenname (plural)bitten?ask - 56
Is that all I have to have?
Istisdasthatalles,everythingwaswhatichIhabenhavemuss?must, have to (I, he, she, it) - 57
Didn't you want [to go] to Müller's Bookstore also?
Wolltenwe were planningSiewould you likenichtnot ... eitherauchalso, tooinin BonndiebookstoreBuchhandlungbookstoreMüller?Müller - 58
Unfortunately I couldn't go.
IchIkonntewas able, couldleiderunfortunatelynichtnot ... eitherhingehen.go there - 59
I was able to put off my departure.
IchIhabehave (I)meinemyAbreisedeparturenochstill, yetaufschiebenput off, delaykönnen.to be able to - 60
He had forgotten that he had intended to take it with him to the compartment.
Erhe, ithattehadvergessen,forgetdassthaterhe, itihnhimmitsausage and sauerkrautinsto the moviesAbteilcompartmenthattehadnehmentakewollen.to want to, to intend to - 61
Everyone has to see ('one has to have seen') the Brandenburg Gate.
DasthatBrandenburgerBrandenburg (as adjective)Torgatemussmust, have to (I, he, she, it)manone, youjayesgesehenseenhaben.have - 62
I may have said that.
Dasthatkannshe canichIgesagthe saidhaben.have - 63
This article is to be translated as quickly as possible.
DieserthisArtikelarticlesollhe is supposed tosososchnellfastwiehowmöglichpossibleübersetzttranslatewerden.(future auxiliary) - 64
The tickets must be returned if no one is going to the performance.
Diethe embassyKartenticket (plural)müssento have tozurückgegebengiven back (zurückgeben)werden,(future auxiliary)wennwhen, ifkeinerno (dative)zuto be declaredderthe airportAufführungperformancegeht.goes - 65
First of all I'd like to note down your name and address and other personal particulars.
Zunächstfirst of allmöchteI would likeichIIhreher, theirPersonalienpersonal particularsaufnehmen.record, note down - 66
I'd like to emigrate to America.
IchI would likemöchteI would likenachto, towardAmerikaAmericaauswandern.emigrate - 67
Would you (ladies and gentlemen) care for something to drink?
Möchtenwould likediethe ladies and gentlemenHerrschaftenthe ladies and gentlemenetwassome breadzuto be declaredtrinkendrinkhaben?have - 68
Please tell him I'd like him to call me as soon as possible.
Sagensay (we, they, you)Siewould you likeihmhimdoch(no exact equivalent. Unstressed particle expressing an obvious fact.)bitte,pleaseerI'd like him tomöchteI'd like him tomichme (acc)sobaldas soon as possiblewieas soon as possiblemöglichas soon as possibleanrufen.call up
FSI German Basic Course (1961), Unit 20, Notes on Grammar
A. VERBS. THE AUXILIARY VERBS dürfen, können, möchte(n), müssen, sollen, wollen
I. Summary and Review
These verbs show similarities, both in their forms and in the way they function in phrases, which justify treating them as a group. For the purpose of summary and review let us look at some of the sentences from recent units and note the forms and uses which they illustrate:A. VERBS. THE AUXILIARY VERBS dürfen, können, möchte(n), müssen, sollen, wollen
I.1
Darf ich um Ihren Namen bitten?
May I have your name please?
Ist das alles, was ich haben muss?
Is that all I have to have?
Wollten Sie nicht auch in die Buchhandlung Müller?
Didn't you want [to go] to Müller's Bookstore also?
The auxiliaries usually occur in verb phrases with complementary or dependent infinitives. The infinitive may be omitted however when it is clearly understood from the rest of the sentence:
but alsoA. VERBS. THE AUXILIARY VERBS dürfen, können, möchte(n), müssen, sollen, wollen
I.2
Ich konnte leider nicht hingehen.
Unfortunately I couldn't go.
Ich habe meine Abreise noch aufschieben können.
I was able to put off my departure.
Er hatte vergessen, dass er ihn mit ins Abteil hatte nehmen wollen.
He had forgotten that he had intended to take it with him to the compartment.
In referring to past time the simple past tense - an irregular weak form - is most frequently used. In the special perfect phrase and special pluperfect phrase with complementary or dependent infinitive the infinitive form of the auxiliary, not the past participle, occurs. Remember that in subordinate clauses the two infinitives come last:A. VERBS. THE AUXILIARY VERBS dürfen, können, möchte(n), müssen, sollen, wollen
I.3
Das Brandenburger Tor muss man ja gesehen haben.
Everyone has to see ('one has to have seen') the Brandenburg Gate.
Das kann ich gesagt haben.
I may have said that.
Dieser Artikel soll so schnell wie möglich übersetzt werden.
This article is to be translated as quickly as possible.
Die Karten müssen zurückgegeben werden, wenn keiner zu der Aufführung geht.
The tickets must be returned if no one is going to the performance.
These verbs are also used in phrases with perfect infinitives and passive infinitives (cf. p. 473). We have encountered only one example in the basic sentences so far, but many combinations occur:A. VERBS. THE AUXILIARY VERBS dürfen, können, möchte(n), müssen, sollen, wollen
I.4
Zunächst möchte ich Ihre Personalien aufnehmen.
First of all I'd like to note down your name and address and other personal particulars.
Ich möchte nach Amerika auswandern.
I'd like to emigrate to America.
Möchten die Herrschaften etwas zu trinken haben?
Would you (ladies and gentlemen) care for something to drink?
Sagen Sie ihm doch bitte, er möchte mich sobald wie möglich anrufen.
Please tell him I'd like him to call me as soon as possible.
Up to now one of these verbs has occurred only in the special form möchte(n), and we have accordingly listed it in this way. You are familiar with its use as a polite expression of desire, request or suggestion:
This is by far the most common form and use of this auxiliary verb. However, it can be noted at this point that other forms of the verb also occur, although less frequently: the Infinitive and Present Tense wir-form is mögen; the Simple Past Tense and Past Participle forms are mochte and gemocht. We will not deal with their uses here but list the forms only to complete the inventory.Verbs. The auxiliary verbs dürfen, können, möchte, müssen, sollen, wollen, 2 of 4
Unreal forms of the auxiliaries
Most of these auxiliaries have unreal forms. English gives them as could, ought to or would have to.
Ich könnte Ihnen unseren Hausarzt empfehlen means I could recommend our family doctor to you.
Meine Vergrösserungen müssten auch fertig sein means my enlargements ought to be ready too.
Das sollte ich auch tun means I ought to do that too.
Two forms that were unreal all along
Möchte is an unreal form. Wollte in an unreal wish is an unreal form too.
Ich wollte, ich wäre nie Kandidat geworden means I wish I had never become a probational party member. Here wollte does not mean wanted.
The full set of unreal forms
Each of the six has four unreal forms: the er-form, the wir-form, the du-form and the ihr-form.
For dürfen the four forms are dürfte, dürften, dürftest and dürftet. The other five take the same endings: könnte, könnten, könntest, könntet.
Möchte is the unreal form of mögen.
Unreal or past
The unreal forms of sollen and wollen are the same as their past forms: sollte and wollte.
For the other auxiliaries the umlaut separates the unreal form from the past form: dürfte and durfte, könnte and konnte, müsste and musste.
This difference in sound is very important in German.
The four that occur most
Möchte is already known. Wollte in an unreal wish is also known.
Of the six, only dürfen, können, müssen and sollen occur often in the other unreal uses.
- 69
I could recommend our family doctor to you.
IchIkönnteto be able toIhnento you, with youunserenour (accusative)Hausarztfamily doctorempfehlen.remember me - 70
My enlargements ought to be ready too.
MeinemyVergrösserungenenlargement (plural)müsstenought to, shouldauchalso, toofertigready, done, finishedsein.be - 71
I ought to do that too.
Dasthatsolltehe is supposed toichIauchalso, tootun.do - 72
You could be getting the sandwiches.
Siewould you likekönntencoulddiethe embassybelegtenfilled up, occupiedBrötchenrollholen.go and get - 73
If we had come without our hats and coats we wouldn't have to wait in line there again so soon.
Wärenyou would be, you werewirwe haveohnewithoutHuthatundandMantelcoat, overcoatgekommen,came, did comemüsstenought to, shouldwirwe havedorttherenichtnot ... eitherschonalready, beforewiederagain, backanstehen.stand in line - 74
When could we come to see you?
Wannwhendürftento be allowedwirwe havezuto be declaredIhnento you, with youkommen?where do you come from? - 75
I wish I had never become a probational party member. ('Would that I had ...')
IchI wish, would thatwollte,I wish, would thatichIwärewould benieneverKandidatprobational party membergeworden.to become, grow
FSI German Basic Course (1961), Unit 20, Notes on Grammar
A. VERBS. THE AUXILIARY VERBS dürfen, können, möchte(n), müssen, sollen, wollen
II.1. UNREAL or SUBJUNCTIVE Forms
Ich könnte Ihnen unseren Hausarzt empfehlen.
I could recommend our family doctor to you.
Meine Vergrösserungen müssten auch fertig sein.
My enlargements ought to be ready too.
Das sollte ich auch tun.
I ought to do that too.
Sie könnten die belegten Brötchen holen.
You could be getting the sandwiches.
Wären wir ohne Hut und Mantel gekommen, müssten wir dort nicht schon wieder anstehen.
If we had come without our hats and coats we wouldn't have to wait in line there again so soon.
Wann dürften wir zu Ihnen kommen?
When could we come to see you?
UNREAL or SUBJUNCTIVE forms of most of these auxiliary verbs have occurred in the last four units. Let us review the examples:
We must add one further example, which has not occurred in the basic sentences:A. VERBS. THE AUXILIARY VERBS dürfen, können, möchte(n), müssen, sollen, wollen
II.2
Ich wollte, ich wäre nie Kandidat geworden.
I wish I had never become a probational party member. ('Would that I had ...')
It may now be evident to you that the special form möchte(n) is actually an UNREAL or SUBJUNCTIVE form. Likewise the special form wollte(n), which occurred in the UNREAL WISH, can be identified as an UNREAL or SUBJUNCTIVE form.A. VERBS. THE AUXILIARY VERBS dürfen, können, möchte(n), müssen, sollen, wollen
II.3
The complete inventory of UNREAL or SUBJUNCTIVE forms of the auxiliaries dürfen, können, mögen, müssen, sollen and wollen is as follows:
er-form: dürfte könnte möchte müsste sollte wollte
wir-form: dürften könnten möchten müssten sollten wollten
du-form: dürftest könntest möchtest müsstest solltest wolltest
ihr-form: dürftet könntet möchtet müsstet solltet wolltetA. VERBS. THE AUXILIARY VERBS dürfen, können, möchte(n), müssen, sollen, wollen
II.4
It will be noted that the UNREAL or SUBJUNCTIVE forms of sollen and wollen are just like the Past Tense forms. The difference between the Past Tense and UNREAL or SUBJUNCTIVE forms of the other auxiliary verbs is a very important sound distinction in German however. Practice the pronunciation of:
dürfte vs. durfte könnte vs. konnte müsste vs. mussteA. VERBS. THE AUXILIARY VERBS dürfen, können, möchte(n), müssen, sollen, wollen
II.5
Since the forms and specialized use of möchte(n) are already familiar, it will not be included for further discussion here. The rather limited and special use of wollte(n) in UNREAL WISHES has already been dealt with in Unit 19 and needs no further comment either. Only dürfen, können, müssen and sollen occur frequently in the UNREAL uses discussed in Section III below.Verbs. The auxiliary verbs dürfen, können, möchte, müssen, sollen, wollen, 3 of 4
One English word, two German verbs
English gives both könnte and dürfte as could. It gives both sollte and müsste as ought to.
This does not mean the German forms are the same. They differ in meaning and one cannot replace the other.
Could can mean was able to, was allowed to, would be able to or would be allowed to. Ought to can refer to an obligation or to an assumption.
What each unreal form means
These unreal forms refer to present possibility. The action or state is hypothetical now, or can still come true.
Dürfte means would be allowed to. Könnte means would be able to. Müsste means would have to. Sollte means would be obliged to.
Dürfte and müsste can also state a surmise. A surmise is a guess about what is probably true.
Two kinds of sentence
The unreal forms of the auxiliaries occur in conditional sentences. They also occur in simple sentences about present possibility.
Wären wir ohne Hut und Mantel gekommen, müssten wir dort nicht schon wieder anstehen is a conditional sentence.
Das sollte ich auch tun is a simple sentence.
Würde with an auxiliary
Würde with the infinitive of an auxiliary sometimes occurs in place of the simple unreal form.
Ihren Wagen würden Sie sowieso hier nicht parken dürfen means you wouldn't be allowed to park your car here anyway. Würden with dürfen means the same as dürften.
This phrase is less common than the simple unreal form.
Auxiliaries and past possibility
For past possibility the verb phrase has hätte or hätten and the infinitive of the auxiliary. That infinitive comes last.
Zu Hause hätte ich nie rauchen dürfen means I never would have been allowed to smoke at home.
Das hätte ich wissen sollen means I wish I had known that.
The phrase is built like the special perfect phrase. Dürfen, können, müssen, sollen and wollen all occur in it.
- 76
"would be allowed to, might (with permission or by surmise), could"
dürfteto be allowed - 77
"would be able to, might (possibly), could"
könnteto be able to - 78
"would have to, should, ought to (of necessity or by surmise)"
müssteought to, should - 79
"would be obliged to, ought to (under obligation or according to expectation), should"
solltehe is supposed to - 80
He has so much to do you wouldn't be able to speak to him before four o'clock in the afternoon.
Erhe, ithathaves (he, she, it)sovielso muchzuto be declaredtun,doSiewould you likewürdenwouldihnhimnichtnot ... eithervoryou plan to dovierfourUhrat four o'clocknachmittagsin the afternoonsprechenspeakkönnen.to be able to - 81
Would we have to queue up in the afternoon (i.e., for an afternoon performance) too?
Würdenwouldwirwe havenachmittagsin the afternoonauchalso, tooSchlangequeue, linestehenstandmüssen?to have to - 82
You ought to take a taxi; you wouldn't be allowed to park your car here anyway.
Siewould you likesolltenhe is supposed tomitsausage and sauerkrautderthe airportTaxetaxikommen,where do you come from?IhrenyourWagenin your carwürdenwouldSiewould you likesowiesoanywayhierherenichtnot ... eitherparkenparkdürfen.to be allowed - 83
I wish I had known that. ('Somebody should have told me that.')
DasthathätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)ichIwissenknowsollen.be supposed to - 84
We could have gotten seats next to each other.
Wirwe havehättenI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)Plätzeplace, seat (plural)nebeneinandernext to each other, side by sidebekommenget, receivekönnen.to be able to - 85
If we had known that before I wouldn't have had to queue up for my ticket.
Wennwhen, ifwirwe havedasthatvorherbefore, firstgewusst-wusst (gewusst: known, wissen)hätten,I'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)hätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)ichInichtnot ... eitherfürformeinemyKarteticketSchlangequeue, linestehenstandmüssen.to have to - 86
If he had wanted to meet us there he should have called first.
HätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)erhe, itunswe like itdorttheretreffenmeetwollen,to want to, to intend tohätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)erhe, itvorherbefore, firstanrufencall upmüssen.to have to - 87
I never would have been allowed to smoke ('could have smoked') at home.
Zuto be declaredHausehomehätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)ichInieneverrauchensmokedürfen.to be allowed
FSI German Basic Course (1961), Unit 20, Notes on Grammar
A. VERBS. THE AUXILIARY VERBS dürfen, können, möchte(n), müssen, sollen, wollen
III.1. UNREAL or SUBJUNCTIVE Uses - PRESENT POSSIBILITY
Look back at the examples in paragraph II, 1 above. Notice that the UNREAL or SUBJUNCTIVE forms of the auxiliary verbs are translated as "could", "ought to", "would have to", but note also that the same English verb or phrase occurs as equivalent to two different German auxiliaries. Both könnte(n) and dürften are given as "could"; both sollte and müssten are given as "ought to". THIS DOES NOT MEAN THAT THERE IS NO DIFFERENCE IN MEANING BETWEEN THESE GERMAN VERB PAIRS IN THEIR UNREAL OR SUBJUNCTIVE FORMS, OR THAT THEY ARE INTERCHANGEABLE! It does mean that you will have to be very careful in your mind to distinguish just what the English forms mean. Remember that "could" may mean "was able to", "was allowed to", "would be able to" or "would be allowed to", and "ought to" may refer to an obligation or to an assumption or surmise. Try making up some English sentences using "could" and "ought to" in at least two different ways. Do you know other English verbs or phrases with two or more different meanings, like these?A. VERBS. THE AUXILIARY VERBS dürfen, können, möchte(n), müssen, sollen, wollen
III.2
dürfte
"would be allowed to, might (with permission or by surmise), could"
könnte
"would be able to, might (possibly), could"
müsste
"would have to, should, ought to (of necessity or by surmise)"
sollte
"would be obliged to, ought to (under obligation or according to expectation), should"
Look at the sentences in paragraph II, 1 again. You will see that the time reference here is to PRESENT POSSIBILITY, actions or states which are at the present time hypothetical or possible of fulfillment. Now, keeping in mind the meanings of these four auxiliary verbs as we have encountered them previously, let us see if we can more exactly suggest the meanings of the UNREAL or SUBJUNCTIVE forms:A. VERBS. THE AUXILIARY VERBS dürfen, können, möchte(n), müssen, sollen, wollen
III.3
UNREAL or SUBJUNCTIVE forms of the auxiliaries occur both in Conditional Sentences and in simple sentences expressing PRESENT POSSIBILITY.A. VERBS. THE AUXILIARY VERBS dürfen, können, möchte(n), müssen, sollen, wollen
III.4
Er hat soviel zu tun, Sie würden ihn nicht vor vier Uhr nachmittags sprechen können.
He has so much to do you wouldn't be able to speak to him before four o'clock in the afternoon.
Würden wir nachmittags auch Schlange stehen müssen?
Would we have to queue up in the afternoon (i.e., for an afternoon performance) too?
Sie sollten mit der Taxe kommen, Ihren Wagen würden Sie sowieso hier nicht parken dürfen.
You ought to take a taxi; you wouldn't be allowed to park your car here anyway.
Just as we noted in Unit 18 with reference to the auxiliaries haben, sein and können we should note that a phrase with würde and the infinitive of some of the auxiliaries dealt with here sometimes occurs also:
This phrase is generally less common of occurrence than the UNREAL or SUBJUNCTIVE form of the auxiliary.A. VERBS. THE AUXILIARY VERBS dürfen, können, möchte(n), müssen, sollen, wollen
IV.1. UNREAL or SUBJUNCTIVE Forms and Uses - PAST POSSIBILITY
Das hätte ich wissen sollen.
I wish I had known that. ('Somebody should have told me that.')
Wir hätten Plätze nebeneinander bekommen können.
We could have gotten seats next to each other.
Wenn wir das vorher gewusst hätten, hätte ich nicht für meine Karte Schlange stehen müssen.
If we had known that before I wouldn't have had to queue up for my ticket.
Hätte er uns dort treffen wollen, hätte er vorher anrufen müssen.
If he had wanted to meet us there he should have called first.
Zu Hause hätte ich nie rauchen dürfen.
I never would have been allowed to smoke ('could have smoked') at home.
In the current unit we have also encountered other sentences containing some of these auxiliary verbs. Look at the following examples:
We shall add two more examples, not in the basic sentences:
You see that the time reference here is to PAST POSSIBILITY, a possibility which now no longer exists although it existed at some time in the past. Note that the verb phrase which occurs in all these sentences, like the special perfect and pluperfect phrases, contains the infinitive form of the auxiliary verb; this infinitive also comes last in the sentences. Occurring with it is the UNREAL or SUBJUNCTIVE form hätte(n). In every other respect the form and arrangement of this phrase is just like that of the special perfect and pluperfect phrases reviewed above in paragraph I, 2. PAST POSSIBILITY is thus marked by a verb phrase containing the UNREAL or SUBJUNCTIVE form hätte(n) and the infinitive of the auxiliary verb dürfen, können, müssen, sollen or wollen.Verbs. The auxiliary verbs dürfen, können, möchte, müssen, sollen, wollen, 4 of 4
Same English, different German
Ich hätte nicht ins Theater gehen können and Ich hätte nicht ins Theater gehen dürfen both mean I couldn't have gone to the theater.
With können the reason is a lack of money or time. With dürfen the reason is a lack of permission.
Er hätte mehr Geld für sein Auto bekommen müssen means he should have got more money for his car. The car was worth more.
With sollen in place of müssen, someone should have felt obliged to pay more, in the speaker's opinion.
Both kinds of sentence again
Like the simple unreal forms, these phrases occur in conditional sentences and in simple sentences. Here they refer to past possibility.
Wenn wir das vorher gewusst hätten, hätte ich nicht für meine Karte Schlange stehen müssen is a conditional sentence.
Wir hätten Plätze nebeneinander bekommen können is a simple sentence.
- 88
I couldn't have gone to the theater (i.e., because of lack of money, time, etc.
IchIhätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)nichtnot ... eitherinsto the moviesTheatertheatergehento go and eatkönnen.to be able to - 89
I couldn't have gone to the theater (i.e., because of lack of permission).
IchIhätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)nichtnot ... eitherinsto the moviesTheatertheatergehento go and eatdürfen.to be allowed - 90
He should have got more money for his car (i.e., it was worth more and the market can be assumed to have been good).
Erhe, ithätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)mehrmore, leftGeldmoneyfürforseinbeAutocarbekommenget, receivemüssen.to have to - 91
He should have got more money for his car (i.e., someone should have felt obliged to pay more, in the speaker's opinion).
Erhe, ithätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)mehrmore, leftGeldmoneyfürforseinbeAutocarbekommenget, receivesollen.be supposed to
FSI German Basic Course (1961), Unit 20, Notes on Grammar
A. VERBS. THE AUXILIARY VERBS dürfen, können, möchte(n), müssen, sollen, wollen
IV.2
Ich hätte nicht ins Theater gehen können.
I couldn't have gone to the theater (i.e., because of lack of money, time, etc.
Ich hätte nicht ins Theater gehen dürfen.
I couldn't have gone to the theater (i.e., because of lack of permission).
Er hätte mehr Geld für sein Auto bekommen müssen.
He should have got more money for his car (i.e., it was worth more and the market can be assumed to have been good).
Er hätte mehr Geld für sein Auto bekommen sollen.
He should have got more money for his car (i.e., someone should have felt obliged to pay more, in the speaker's opinion).
In sentences referring to PAST POSSIBILITY, just as in those referring to PRESENT POSSIBILITY, some overlapping of the English phrases given as equivalent to the German auxiliary phrases with dürfen, können, müssen and sollen occurs. Thus the English phrase "could have" plus past participle is found as equivalent to the German auxiliary verb phrases hätte ... können and hätte ... dürfen. However, just as we noted above in paragraph III, 1 and 2 the meanings of the German verb phrases are distinct. Compare the following examples:A. VERBS. THE AUXILIARY VERBS dürfen, können, möchte(n), müssen, sollen, wollen
IV.3
Remember that these phrases, like the special UNREAL or SUBJUNCTIVE forms of the auxiliaries, occur both in Conditional Sentences and in simple sentences referring to PAST POSSIBILITY.Verbs. The unreal or subjunctive phrases hätte gern + Past Participle and wäre gern + Past Participle
Hätte gern for a polite wish
Hätte gern is an unreal phrase for a polite request or suggestion. Ich hätte gern einen leichten Anzug means I'm interested in a light-weight suit.
Hätte gern can also go with a past participle. Ich hätte mir gern noch ein paar belegte Brötchen am Buffet geholt means I'd like to get a couple of sandwiches.
This has the form of a phrase for past possibility, but it can refer to the present. It is a polite formula. It makes the wish less urgent or less sure.
Hätte gern for the past
Hätte gern with a past participle refers more often to past possibility.
Sie hätten das Haus gern vor dem Ende des Sommers verkauft. It means they would have liked to sell the house before the end of the summer. They wish they had sold it.
Wäre gern with a past participle
Wäre gern with a past participle also occurs. It can refer to present possibility or to past possibility.
Ich wäre gern um zwölf Uhr nach Hause gegangen can mean I wish I had gone home at twelve. It can also mean I wish I could go home at twelve.
The rest of the sentence decides. Aber jetzt ist es schon halb zwei makes it past.
For the present, the phrase adds doubt that the wish will come true.
- 92
I'm interested in a light-weight suit.
IchI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)hätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)gernI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)einena walkleichtenlight-weightAnzug.suit - 93
I'd like steak with fried potatoes.
IchI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)hätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)gernI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)Rumpsteaksteakmitsausage and sauerkrautRöstkartoffeln.fried potatoes - 94
I'd like to get a couple of sandwiches from the refreshment bar before we go in.
IchIhätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)mirme, to megernI'd like very muchnochstill, yeteina couple, a fewpaara couple, a fewbelegte(open-face) sandwich rollBrötchenrollambestBuffetbuffetgeholt.he picks up - 95
Wir hätten uns auch gern die Tannhäuser-Aufführung angehört, konnten aber keine Karten mehr bekommen.
We would have liked to go to the "Tannhäuser" performance too, but couldn't get tickets any more.
- 96
They would have liked to sell the house before the end of the summer ('they wish they had sold ...').
Siewould you likehättenI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)dasthatHaushousegernI'd like very muchvoryou plan to dodemwith the waiterEndeenddesof the French authorSommerssummerverkauft.sell (he, she, it) - 97
I would have liked to go home ('wish I had gone home') at twelve o'clock, but now it's already one thirty.
IchIwärewould begernI'd like very muchumaroundzwölftwelveUhrat four o'clocknachhomeHausehomegegangen,gone (gehen)aberbutjetztnowistisesitschonalready, beforehalbhalfzwei.two Marks - 98
I would like to go home ('I wish I could go home') at twelve o'clock, but it doesn't look as if that will be possible.
IchIwärewould begernI'd like very muchumaroundzwölftwelveUhrat four o'clocknachhomeHausehomegegangen,gone (gehen)aberbutesitsiehtsees (he, she, it)nichtnot ... eithersosoaus,out of, fromalsas if, as thoughobas if, as thoughdasthatmöglichpossibleseinbewird.he, it will be
FSI German Basic Course (1961), Unit 20, Notes on Grammar
B. VERBS. THE UNREAL OR SUBJUNCTIVE PHRASES hätte gern + Past Participle and wäre gern + Past Participle
I
Ich hätte gern einen leichten Anzug.
I'm interested in a light-weight suit.
Ich hätte gern Rumpsteak mit Röstkartoffeln.
I'd like steak with fried potatoes.
Ich hätte mir gern noch ein paar belegte Brötchen am Buffet geholt.
I'd like to get a couple of sandwiches from the refreshment bar before we go in.
The phrase hätte gern was identified in Unit 18 as an UNREAL or SUBJUNCTIVE phrase expressing a polite request or suggestion:
It has occurred in the present unit with a Past Participle:
You will notice that this phrase has the same form as the phrases discussed in Unit 19 referring to PAST POSSIBILITY. However, in this combination with gern the meaning of the reference may actually be PRESENT POSSIBILITY. The use of the UNREAL or SUBJUNCTIVE phrase with the past participle is here a politeness formula, expressing a less urgent desire or one more doubtful of fulfillment.B. VERBS. THE UNREAL OR SUBJUNCTIVE PHRASES hätte gern + Past Participle and wäre gern + Past Participle
II
Wir hätten uns auch gern die Tannhäuser-Aufführung angehört, konnten aber keine Karten mehr bekommen.
We would have liked to go to the "Tannhäuser" performance too, but couldn't get tickets any more.
Sie hätten das Haus gern vor dem Ende des Sommers verkauft.
They would have liked to sell the house before the end of the summer ('they wish they had sold ...').
More common is the use of the phrase hätte gern + Past Participle with reference to PAST POSSIBILITY. Here are some further examples:B. VERBS. THE UNREAL OR SUBJUNCTIVE PHRASES hätte gern + Past Participle and wäre gern + Past Participle
III
Ich wäre gern um zwölf Uhr nach Hause gegangen, aber jetzt ist es schon halb zwei.
I would have liked to go home ('wish I had gone home') at twelve o'clock, but now it's already one thirty.
Ich wäre gern um zwölf Uhr nach Hause gegangen, aber es sieht nicht so aus, als ob das möglich sein wird.
I would like to go home ('I wish I could go home') at twelve o'clock, but it doesn't look as if that will be possible.
The phrase with the auxiliary wäre + gern and Past Participle also occurs. Note that it too may refer both to PRESENT and to PAST POSSIBILITY:
Here, too, in referring to PRESENT POSSIBILITY the use of this phrase with the past participle serves to increase the degree of doubt expressed as to whether the desire will be fulfilled.Substitution Drill
- 99
We could have gotten those.
Diethe embassyhättenI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)wirwe havebekommenget, receivekönnen.to be able to - 100
Then I wouldn't have had to stand in line.
DannthenhätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)ichInichtnot ... eitherSchlangequeue, linestehenstandmüssen.to have to
- 101
I should have known that we'd see each other again here.
DasthathätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)ichIwissenknowsollen,be supposed todassthatwirwe haveunswe like ithierherewiedersehen.good-bye - 102
I'd have liked to get myself a few sandwiches at the theater buffet.
IchIhätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)mirme, to megernI'd like very muchnochstill, yeteina couple, a fewpaara couple, a fewbelegte(open-face) sandwich rollBrötchenrollambestTheaterbuffetrefreshment bar (in the theater)geholt.he picks up - 103
We still have a few minutes until the overture begins.
Wirwe havehabenwe havenochstill, yeteinigea fewMinutenin ten minutesZeittimebisto, untilzumto the customs officeBeginnbeginning, startderthe airportOuvertüre.overture
- 104
We still have a few minutes until the overture begins.
Wirwe havehabenwe havenochstill, yeteinigea fewMinutenin ten minutesZeittimebisto, untilzumto the customs officeBeginnbeginning, startderthe airportOuvertüre.overture - 105
What became of the business trip to Bayreuth?
Waswhatwurdehe, it will beausout of, fromderthe airportGeschäftsreisebusiness tripnachto, towardBayreuth?Bayreuth - 106
I'd like to hear "Tannhäuser".
IchI would likemöchteI would likemirme, to me"Tannhäuser"Tannhäuser (Wagner's opera)anhören.listen to, go to a performance of (an opera) etc. - 107
I'll check our things at the cloakroom.
IchIwerdeI will beunsereourSachenthing (plural)anat, onderthe airportGarderobecheckroom, cloakroomabgeben.give out (with)
Variation Drill
- 112
You'll have to wait a little longer, I'm afraid.
Siewould you likemüssento have tosichto get used (to something)leiderunfortunatelynochstill, yetetwassome breadgedulden.be patient, wait - 113
How long will it be before I can emigrate?
Wiehow longlangehow longwirdhe, it will beesitdauern,last, take (time)bisto, untilichIauswandernemigratekann?she can - 114
I couldn't afford to miss that!
Dasthatkonntewas able, couldichImirme, to menichtnot ... eitherentgehenescape, eludelassen!have something soled
- 115
I couldn't afford to miss that!
Dasthatkonntewas able, couldichImirme, to menichtnot ... eitherentgehenescape, eludelassen!have something soled - 116
He'll certainly be able to provide you with information.
Erhe, it will bewirdhe, it will beIhnento you, with yousichersurely, certainlyAuskunftinformationgebengivekönnen.to be able to - 117
Have you been able to look around town a bit yet?
HabenhaveSiewould you likesichto get used (to something)indown town (location)derdown town (location)Stadtdown town (location)schonalready, beforeetwassome breadumsehenlook aroundkönnen?to be able to - 118
I'm very glad that I had to go to Bayreuth.
IchIbinamganzquitefroh,gladdassthatichInachto, towardBayreuthBayreuthfahrengo, ride (in a vehicle)musste.had to
- 119
I'm very glad that I had to go to Bayreuth.
IchIbinamganzquitefroh,gladdassthatichInachto, towardBayreuthBayreuthfahrengo, ride (in a vehicle)musste.had to - 120
Everyone has to see ('one has to have seen') the Brandenburg Gate.
DasthatBrandenburgerBrandenburg (as adjective)Torgatemussmust, have to (I, he, she, it)manone, yougesehenseenhaben.have - 121
We wanted to go to police headquarters too.
Wirwe were planningwolltenwe were planningdoch(no exact equivalent. Unstressed particle expressing an obvious fact.)auchalso, toozumto the customs officePolizeiamt.police office - 122
He had forgotten that he had intended to take the suitcase with him to the compartment.
Erhe, ithattehadvergessen,forgetdassthaterhe, itdentheKoffersuitcasemitsausage and sauerkrautinsto the moviesAbteilcompartmenthattehadnehmentakewollen.to want to, to intend to
- 123
He had forgotten that he had intended to take the suitcase with him to the compartment.
Erhe, ithattehadvergessen,forgetdassthaterhe, itdentheKoffersuitcasemitsausage and sauerkrautinsto the moviesAbteilcompartmenthattehadnehmentakewollen.to want to, to intend to - 124
If we'd come without our hats and coats we wouldn't have to wait in line there again so soon.
Wärenyou would be, you werewirwe haveohnewithoutHuthatundandMantelcoat, overcoatgekommen,came, did comemüsstenought to, shouldwirwe havedorttherenichtnot ... eitherschonalready, beforewiederagain, backanstehen.stand in line - 125
If we had known that before I wouldn't have had to queue up for my ticket.
Wennwhen, ifwirwe havedasthatvorherbefore, firstgewusst-wusst (gewusst: known, wissen)hätten,I'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)hätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)ichInichtnot ... eitherfürformeinemyKarteticketSchlangequeue, linestehenstandmüssen.to have to - 126
I ought to go and get a couple of sandwich rolls too. I should have gone and gotten a couple of sandwich rolls too.
IchIsolltehe is supposed tomirme, to meauchalso, tooeina couple, a fewpaara couple, a fewBrötchenrollholen.go and getIchIhätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)mirme, to meauchalso, tooeina couple, a fewpaara couple, a fewBrötchenrollholengo and getsollen.be supposed to
- 127
I ought to go and get a couple of sandwich rolls too. I should have gone and gotten a couple of sandwich rolls too.
IchIsolltehe is supposed tomirme, to meauchalso, tooeina couple, a fewpaara couple, a fewBrötchenrollholen.go and getIchIhätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)mirme, to meauchalso, tooeina couple, a fewpaara couple, a fewBrötchenrollholengo and getsollen.be supposed to - 128
Shouldn't we have checked ('had to check') our hats at the cloakroom?
HättenI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)wirwe haveunsereourHütehave a carenichtnot ... eitheranat, onderthe airportGarderobecheckroom, cloakroomabgebengive out (with)müssen?to have to
- 129
Shouldn't we have checked ('had to check') our hats at the cloakroom?
HättenI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)wirwe haveunsereourHütehave a carenichtnot ... eitheranat, onderthe airportGarderobecheckroom, cloakroomabgebengive out (with)müssen?to have to - 130
They were allowed to change the program only on account of [the] illness of the most important singers. They could ('would be allowed to') change the program only on account of [the] illness of the most important singers.
DentheSpielplanprogram (i.e., the performances scheduled over a period of time)durftemay Imanone, younuronlywegenon account ofErkrankungillness (i.e., becoming ill)derthe airportwichtigstenimportantSängersingerändern.changeDentheSpielplanprogram (i.e., the performances scheduled over a period of time)dürfteto be allowedmanone, younuronlywegenon account ofErkrankungillness (i.e., becoming ill)derthe airportwichtigstenimportantSängersingerändern.change
- 131
My wife really ought [to go] to a specialist.
MeinemyFrauMrs.müssteought to, shouldwirklichreallyzuto be declaredeinema (dative)Facharzt.specialist (doctor) - 132
It looked as though we would have to wait a long time at the cloakroom too.
Esitsahsaw (sehen)sosoaus,out of, fromalsas if, as thoughobas if, as thoughwirwe haveauchalso, tooanat, onderthe airportGarderobecheckroom, cloakroomlangefor a long time, longwartenwasmüssten.ought to, should - 133
He shouldn't have had to spend so much money for the television set.
Sovielso muchGeldmoneyhätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)erhe, itfürfordentheFernsehapparattelevision setnichtnot ... eitherausgebenspendmüssen.to have to
- 134
The article is not easy to understand; would your secretary be able to translate it without a dictionary?
DerarticleArtikelarticleistisnichtnot ... eitherleichtlight-weightzuto be declaredverstehen;understandwürdeI would likeIhreher, theirSekretärinsecretaryihnhimohnewithoutWörterbuchdictionaryübersetzentranslatekönnen?to be able to - 135
I'd like to get a couple of sandwich rolls before we go in.
IchIhätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)mirme, to megernI'd like very muchnochstill, yeteina couple, a fewpaara couple, a fewbelegte(open-face) sandwich rollBrötchenrollgeholt.he picks up - 136
I'd like to go as early as tomorrow. I wish I had gone yesterday already.
IchIwärewould begernI'd like very muchschonalready, beforemorgengood morninggefahren.go, ride (in a vehicle)IchIwärewould begernI'd like very muchschonalready, beforegesternyesterdaygefahren.go, ride (in a vehicle)
- 137
I'd like to go as early as tomorrow. I wish I had gone yesterday already.
IchIwärewould begernI'd like very muchschonalready, beforemorgengood morninggefahren.go, ride (in a vehicle)IchIwärewould begernI'd like very muchschonalready, beforegesternyesterdaygefahren.go, ride (in a vehicle)
Vocabulary Drill
- 138
Why did you buy the coat at Keller and Company of all places?
WarumwhyhabenhaveSiewould you likedentheMantelcoat, overcoatausgerechnetit would have to be ... !beigetting the passport checkedKellerKellerundandCo.Co. (company)gekauft?bought - 139
We had the flat in the mountains again of all places.
Dieflat tireReifenpanneflat tirehattenhaves (he, she, it)wirwe haveausgerechnetit would have to be ... !wiederagain, backinin BonndentheBergen.mountain - 140
Why are you (fam sg) wearing this suit of all things to the opera?
Warumwhyziehstmove (I)duyou know (fam sing)ausgerechnetit would have to be ... !diesenthis (accusative)Anzugsuitzurto theOperoperaan?at, on - 141
Ausgerechnet in eine Wagner-Oper wollt ihr gehen?
Of all things you (fam pl) want to go to a Wagner opera?
- 142
I wish I had had an inkling that we would meet you (fam pl) here of all places!
DasthathätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)ichIahnensuspect, have an inklingsollen,be supposed todassthatwirwe haveeuchat your homeausgerechnetit would have to be ... !hierheretreffen!meet - 143
What is your sandwich roll spread with?
Womitwith whatistisIhrherBrötchenrollbelegt?filled up, occupied - 144
Shall we take sandwiches along when we drive to the mountains?
Wollento want to, to intend towirwe havebelegte(open-face) sandwich rollBrotebreadmitnehmen,take alongwennwhen, ifwirwe haveinin Bonndiethe embassyBergemountain (plural)fahren?go, ride (in a vehicle) - 145
We drank beer and ate sandwiches with it.
Wirwe havetrankendrank (trinken)Bierbeerundandassenate (essen)belegte(open-face) sandwich rollBrotebreaddazu.with it - 146
I'd like two sandwich rolls, one with roast beef on it and one with cheese.
IchI would likemöchteI would likezweitwo MarksBrötchen,rolleinsonemitsausage and sauerkrautRoastbeefroast beefbelegtfilled up, occupiedundandeinsonemitsausage and sauerkrautKäse.cheese
- 147
For the evening meal ('in the evening') we often have sandwich rolls.
Abendsin the eveningesseneatwirwe haveoftoftenbelegte(open-face) sandwich rollBrötchen.roll - 148
I'll check my coat at the cloakroom.
IchIwerdeI will bemeinenmy (accusative)Mantelcoat, overcoatanat, onderthe airportGarderobecheckroom, cloakroomabgeben.give out (with) - 149
Was he supposed to leave the letter with Miss Bruce on the third floor?
Solltehe is supposed toerhe, itdentheBriefletterinon the third floorderon the third floorzweitenon the third floorEtageon the third floorbeigetting the passport checkedFrl.Frl. (Fräulein)BruceBruceabgeben?give out (with) - 150
You can leave the prescription at the pharmacy on the market place; I'll pick up the medicine in the afternoon.
Siewould you likekönnento be able todasprescriptionRezeptprescriptioninin Bonnderthe airportApothekepharmacyamat the market placeMarktat the market placeabgeben,give out (with)ichIholeget (I)diemedicineMedizinmedicineambestNachmittagafternoonab.he withdraws - 151
You'll get the coat when you hand in your cloakroom check.
DentheMantelcoat, overcoatbekommenget, receiveSiewould you likewennwhen, ifSiewould you likeIhreher, theirGarderobenmarkecloakroom checkabgeben.give out (with) - 152
Can you leave these two books at the library for me?
Kannstyou canduyou know (fam sing)diesethese two suitcasesbeidenboth, the twoBücherbook (plural)fürformichme (acc)inin Bonnderthe airportBibliotheklibraryabgeben?give out (with) - 153
That's not one of her duties.
Dasthatgehörthe, it belongsnichtnot ... eitherzuto be declaredihrenyourPflichten.obligation, duty (plural) - 154
That's just part of the job of an auto mechanic.
Dasthatgehörthe, it belongsnunnow, wellmaljustzumto the customs officeBerufjob, professioneinesof aAutoschlossers.automobile mechanic - 155
It's one of the obligations of a foreign service officer to be familiar with the history of the country.
Esitgehörthe, it belongszurto thePflichtobligation, dutyeinesof aDiplomaten,Foreign Service Officer (accusative/dative)diehistory, storyGeschichtehistory, storydesof the French authorLandescountryzuto be declaredkennen.to know, be acquainted with
- 156
Good singers and good staging are [all] part of a good performance.
Zuto be declaredeinera (dative)gutengood eveningAufführungperformancegehörenbelonggutehave a good tripSänger.singer - 157
A monkey wrench is also one of an auto mechanic's tools.
Zumto the customs officeWerkzeugtool(s)einesof aAutoschlossersautomobile mechanicgehörthe, it belongsauchalso, tooeinone yearEngländer.monkey wrench - 158
You're going to have to arrange that differently.
Siewould you likemüssento have todasthatandersdifferentgestalten.arrange, set up, make, mold, form - 159
What sort of evening is it going to be?
Wiehowwirdhe, it will besichto get used (to something)derthe airportAbendeveninggestalten?arrange, set up, make, mold, form - 160
They could have made the exhibition more interesting.
Siewould you likehättenI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)dieexhibitionAusstellungexhibitioninteressantermore interesting (interessant)gestaltenarrange, set up, make, mold, formkönnen.to be able to - 161
What do you want to do on your leave?
Wiehowwollento want to, to intend toSiewould you likeIhrenyourUrlaubthe vacation, leavegestalten?arrange, set up, make, mold, form - 162
They set up the program so that Professor Albers spoke first.
Siewould you likehabenhavedasprogramProgrammprogramsosogestaltet,shaped, performed (gestalten)dassthatProfessorProfessorAlbersAlbers (Professor Albers)zuerstfirstsprach.spoke (sprechen) - 163
Did he take the letters with him?
Hathaves (he, she, it)erhe, itsichto get used (to something)diethe embassyBriefeletter (plural)eingesteckt?put in one's pocket (einstecken) - 164
Don't forget to put your papers in your pocket (to take with you).
VergessenforgetSiewould you likenicht,not ... eitherIhreher, theirPapiereofficial paper (plural)einzustecken.to put in one's pocket (einstecken, with zu)
- 165
Here's your passport; don't you want to put it in your pocket?
Hierhereliegtlie (he, she, it)IhrherPass,passportwollento want to, to intend toSiewould you likeihnhimnichtnot ... eithereinstecken?put in one's pocket or purse - 166
Did one of you pick up my pencil?
Hathaves (he, she, it)einera (dative)vonofIhnento you, with youmeinenmy (accusative)Bleistiftpencileingesteckt?put in one's pocket (einstecken) - 167
Who took the cloakroom checks?
Werwhohathaves (he, she, it)diethe embassyGarderobenmarkencloakroom checkseingesteckt?put in one's pocket (einstecken) - 168
Do you (fam sg) want to go to Professor Albers' lecture too?
WillstI intend, I planduyou know (fam sing)dirto you, for youauchalso, toodentheVortraglecturevonofProfessorProfessorAlbersAlbers (Professor Albers)anhören?listen to, go to a performance of (an opera) etc. - 169
I don't want to go to Tannhäuser again so soon.
'Tannhäuser'Tannhäuser (Wagner's opera)willI intend, I planichImirme, to menichtnot ... eitherschonalready, beforewiederagain, backanhören.listen to, go to a performance of (an opera) etc. - 170
Next week we're planning to go to Carmen.
NächstenextWocheweekwollento want to, to intend towirwe haveunswe like it'Carmen'Carmen (Bizet's opera)anhören.listen to, go to a performance of (an opera) etc. - 171
I can't listen to the lecture any longer.
IchIkannshe canmirme, to medentheVortraglecturenichtnot ... eitherlängerlongeranhören.listen to, go to a performance of (an opera) etc. - 172
Did you go to the Magic Flute last week?
Habthave (I)ihrhereuchat your homeletztelastWocheweekdiethe embassy'Zauberflöte'The Magic Flute (Mozart's opera)angehört?listened to (sich anhören)
Translation Drill 1
- 173
Messrs. Burger and Adams met each other at the box office.
Diethe embassyHerrengentlemen (pl)BurgerBurger (a name)undandAdamsAdamstrafento meet (one another)sichto get used (to something)anat, onderthe airportTheaterkasse.box office - 174
I wish I had known that we were going to meet again here of all places, said Adams.
Dassthatwirwe haveunswe like itausgerechnetit would have to be ... !hierherewiedersehen,good-byehätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)ichIwissenknowsollen,be supposed tosagtesay, tell (du-command of sagen)Adams.Adams - 175
If Burger had suspected that, he would have called Adams up in the course of the day.
Wennwhen, ifBurgerBurger (a name)dasthatgeahntsuspected, had an idea (ahnen)hätte,I'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)hätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)erhe, itAdamsAdamsimin the courseLaufein the coursedesof the French authorTageshello (good day)angerufen.he has called up - 176
He was thinking then they could have gotten seats next to each other.
Erhe, itmeinte,mydannthenhättenI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)siewould you likePlätzeplace, seat (plural)nebeneinandernext to each other, side by sidebekommenget, receivekönnen.to be able to - 177
Burger had two tickets for the dress circle and turned one in at the box office.
BurgerBurger (a name)hattehadzweitwo MarksKartenticket (plural)fürfordentheerstenon the second floorRangtier, circle, balconyundandhathaves (he, she, it)eineone Markanat, onderthe airportTheaterkassebox officezurückgegeben.given back (zurückgeben) - 178
The seats were in the first row.
Diethe embassyPlätzeplace, seat (plural)warenwere youinin Bonnderthe airporterstenon the second floorReihe.row - 179
The gentlemen will be sitting next to each other after all now, however.
Diethe embassyHerrengentlemen (pl)werden(future auxiliary)nunnow, wellaberbutdoch(no exact equivalent. Unstressed particle expressing an obvious fact.)nebeneinandernext to each other, side by sidesitzen.sit - 180
Adams, you see, got the ticket at the box office that had been returned by Burger.
AdamsAdamshathaves (he, she, it)nämlichto be specificanat, onderthe airportKassecashier's desk or windowdieticketKarteticketbekommen,get, receivediethe embassyvonofBurgerBurger (a name)zurückgegebengiven back (zurückgeben)worden(future auxiliary)war.was - 181
When the gentlemen went into the lobby they saw a large crowd at the checkroom.
Alsthandiethe embassyHerrengentlemen (pl)inin Bonndaslobby, foyerFoyerlobby, foyergingen,went (gehen)sahensawsiewould you likeeinena walkgrossenbigAndrangcrowd, press, rushanat, onderthe airportGarderobe.checkroom, cloakroom - 182
They wouldn't have to wait in line there, had they come without [their] hats and coats.
Siewould you likemüsstenought to, shoulddorttherenichtnot ... eitheranstehen,stand in linewärenyou would be, you weresiewould you likeohnewithoutHuthatundandMantelcoat, overcoatgekommen.came, did come - 183
Since they have a few minutes (time) Burger would like to get (himself) a couple of sandwich rolls at the refreshment bar.
Datheresiewould you likenochstill, yeteina couple, a fewpaara couple, a fewMinutenin ten minutesZeittimehaben,havehätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)sichto get used (to something)BurgerBurger (a name)gernI'd like very mucheina couple, a fewpaara couple, a fewbelegte(open-face) sandwich rollBrötchenrollambestBuffetbuffetgeholt.he picks up - 184
Adams would like to do that too since they're always excellent at this refreshment bar.
AdamsAdamsmöchteI would likedasthatauchalso, tootun,dodatheresiewould you likeanat, ondiesemthis (dative)Theaterbuffetrefreshment bar (in the theater)immeralwaysausgezeichnetexcellentsind.are - 185
While Burger was checking their things at the cloakroom Adams was able to get the sandwich rolls.
WährendduringBurgerBurger (a name)ihreher, theirSachenthing (plural)anat, onderthe airportGarderobecheckroom, cloakroomabgab,gave out (with)konntewas able, couldAdamsAdamsdiethe embassyBrötchenrollholen.go and get
Translation Drill 2
- 186
Burger wanted one roast beef and one caviar.
BurgerBurger (a name)wolltehe wantedeinsonemitsausage and sauerkrautRoastbeefroast beefundandeinsonemitsausage and sauerkrautKaviar.caviar - 187
Inside the theater they had a few minutes (time) left before ('until') the overture began.
Imin theZuschauerraumauditorium. house, inside part of the theaterhattenhaves (he, she, it)siewould you likenochstill, yeteinigea fewMinutenin ten minutesZeit,timebisto, untildieovertureOuvertüreovertureanfing.began (anfangen) - 188
Adams asked Burger about his business trip to Bayreuth.
AdamsAdamsfragteask (I)BurgerBurger (a name)nachto, towardseinerhis (dative)Geschäftsreisebusiness tripnachto, towardBayreuth.Bayreuth - 189
Burger didn't actually want to take this trip.
BurgerBurger (a name)wolltehe wanteddiesethese two suitcasesReisetripeigentlichactually, reallynichtnot ... eithermachen.make, do - 190
But then he was very glad after all that he had had to go.
Erhe, itwarwasdannthenaberbutdoch(no exact equivalent. Unstressed particle expressing an obvious fact.)ganzquitefroh,gladdassthaterhe, ithattehadfahrengo, ride (in a vehicle)müssen.to have to - 191
When he was in Bayreuth, you see, they were putting on a new staging of Wagner's Tannhäuser (there).
Alsthanerhe, itinin BonnBayreuthBayreuthwar,wasgabgaveesitdorttherenämlichto be specificeineone Markneuehis new addressInszenierungstaging, productionvonofWagnersWegner'Tannhäuser'.Tannhäuser (Wagner's opera) - 192
He had not wanted to miss that.
Diethe embassyhattehaderhe, itsichto get used (to something)nichtnot ... eitherentgehenescape, eludelassenhave something soledwollen.to want to, to intend to - 193
Richard Wagner's two grandsons are doing new stagings of the maestro's works in Bayreuth.
RichardRichard (the spelling word for R)WagnersWegnerbeidebothEnkelgrandson, grandchildgestaltenarrange, set up, make, mold, forminin BonnBayreuthBayreuthneuehis new addressInszenierungenstaging, production (plural)derthe airportWerkework, opus (plural)desof the French authorMeisters.maestro - 194
Richard Wagner himself certainly wouldn't have allowed himself to dream [of] such a thing ('that').
RichardRichard (the spelling word for R)WagnerWagner (Richard Wagner)selbstyourselfhätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)sichto get used (to something)dasthatsichersurely, certainlynichtnot ... eitherträumendreamlassen.have something soled - 195
Mr. Burger had checked the hats and coats and put the two cloakroom checks in his pocket because he thought they could pick up their ('the') things together after the performance.
HerrMr.BurgerBurger (a name)hattehaddiethe embassyHütehave a careundandMäntelovercoat (plural)abgegebenchecked, handed in (abgeben)undanddiethe embassybeidenboth, the twoGarderobenmarkencloakroom checkseingesteckt,put in one's pocket (einstecken)weilbecauseerhe, itdachte,thoughtsiewould you likekönntencouldnachto, towardderthe airportAufführungperformancediethe embassySachenthing (plural)zusammentogetherabholen.pick up - 196
Mr. Adams had gone and gotten two programs and gave Mr. Burger one of them.
HerrMr.AdamsAdamshattehadzweitwo MarksProgrammeprogram (plural)geholthe picks upundandgabgaveeinsonedavonof it, fromHerrnMr.Burger.Burger (a name) - 197
Es war natürlich das Programm für die 'Tannhäuser'-Aufführung, die an dem Tag gegeben wurde.
It was, of course, the program for the performance of Tannhäuser ('Tannhäuser performance') which was being given that day.
- 198
But Burger didn't know that Tannhäuser was being given.
AberbutBurgerBurger (a name)wussteI knewnicht,not ... eitherdassthat'Tannhäuser'Tannhäuser (Wagner's opera)gegebengiven, takenwurde.he, it will be
Translation Drill 3
- 199
That was understandable ('could be understood') because he had not seen the poster in front of the theater.
Dasthatwarwaszuto be declaredverstehen,understandweilbecauseerhe, itdentheAnschlagposter, placardvoryou plan to dodemwith the waiterTheatertheaternichtnot ... eithergesehenseenhatte.had - 200
It said on the poster: "Instead of Bizet's Carmen Wagner's Tannhäuser."
Aufon whichdemon whichAnschlagposter, placardstand:stood, was"Statt(the accented adverb of stattfinden: to take place)BizetsBizet's'Carmen',Carmen (Bizet's opera)WagnersWegner'Tannhäuser'."Tannhäuser (Wagner's opera) - 201
The change of program was ('took place') due to [the] illness of several singers.
Derchange of programSpielplanwechselchange of programfandfound (finden)wegenon account ofErkrankungillness (i.e., becoming ill)mehrerermore, leftSängersingerstatt.(the accented adverb of stattfinden: to take place) - 202
Burger gave Adams his cloakroom check and left.
BurgerBurger (a name)gabgaveAdamsAdamsseinehis new addressGarderobenmarkecloakroom checkundandging.went (gehen)
Response Drill 1
- 203
Where did Herr Adams and Herr Burger meet?
Wowheretrafento meet (one another)sichto get used (to something)diethe embassyHerrengentlemen (pl)AdamsAdamsandand (print slip for: und)Burger?Burger (a name) - 204
They met at the theater box office.
Siewould you liketrafento meet (one another)sichto get used (to something)anat, onderthe airportTheaterkasse.box office - 205
What had Adams not anticipated?
Womitwith whathattehadAdamsAdamsnichtnot ... eithergerechnet?reckon with, count on - 206
That they would meet again in that particular place.
Dassthatsiewould you likesichto get used (to something)ausgerechnetit would have to be ... !dorttherewiedersehengood-byewürden.would - 207
What would Herr Burger have done if he had suspected that Herr Adams was also going to the opera?
WaswhathätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)HerrMr.BurgerBurger (a name)getan,he didwennwhen, iferhe, itgeahntsuspected, had an idea (ahnen)hätte,I'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)dassthatHerrMr.AdamsAdamsauchalso, tooinin BonndieoperaOperoperagehento go and eatwürde?I would like - 208
He would have called him during the day.
Erhe, ithätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)ihnhimimin the courseLaufein the coursedesof the French authorTageshello (good day)angerufen.he has called up - 209
Why?
Warum?why - 210
So that they could have gotten seats next to each other.
Damitwith itsiewould you likePlätzeplace, seat (plural)nebeneinandernext to each other, side by sidebekommenget, receivehätten.I'd like to have, I'm interested (in having) - 211
What seats did Mr. Burger have?
WelchewhichPlätzeplace, seat (plural)hattehadHerrMr.Burger?Burger (a name) - 212
He had two tickets for the first balcony, front row.
Erhe, ithattehadzweitwo MarksKartenticket (plural)fürfordentheerstenon the second floorRang,tier, circle, balconyersteonly, not untilReihe.row - 213
And why were they nevertheless sitting next to each other now?
Undandwarumwhysassensatsiewould you likenunnow, welltrotzdemin spite of that, neverthelessnebeneinander?next to each other, side by side - 214
Because Adams had gotten the ticket that Burger returned at the box office.
WeilbecauseAdamsAdamsanat, onderthe airportKassecashier's desk or windowdiethe embassyvonofBurgerBurger (a name)zurückgegebenegiven back (zurückgeben)Karteticketbekommenget, receivehatte.had - 215
What would not have been necessary if Adams had known beforehand that Burger was going to return a ticket?
Waswhatwärewould benichtnot ... eithernötignecessarygewesen,she waswennwhen, ifAdamsAdamsvorherbefore, firstgewusst-wusst (gewusst: known, wissen)hätte,I'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)dassthatBurgerBurger (a name)eineone MarkKarteticketzurückgebengive back, turn in, returnwürde?I would like - 216
He would not have had to stand in line for his ticket, which had previously been Burger's ticket.
Erhe, ithätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)nichtnot ... eitherfürforseinehis new addressKarte,ticketdiethe embassyvorherbefore, firstBurgersBurger'sKarteticketwar,wasanstehenstand in linemüssen.to have to - 217
Where did the gentlemen go from the box office?
Wohinwhere to?gingenwent (gehen)diethe embassyHerrengentlemen (pl)vonofderthe airportKassecashier's desk or windowaus?out of, from - 218
They went into the foyer.
Siewould you likegingenwent (gehen)insto the moviesFoyer.lobby, foyer - 219
What did they see there?
Waswhatsahensawsiewould you likedort?there - 220
They saw that there was a large crowd at the coat check.
Siewould you likesahen,sawdassthatanat, onderthe airportGarderobecheckroom, cloakroomeinone yeargrosserbigAndrangcrowd, press, rushwar.was - 221
What was Herr Adams therefore sorry about?
Waswhattatdid (tun)HerrnMr.AdamsAdamsdeshalbtherefore, that's whyleid?I'm sorry - 222
That they had come with their hats and coats.
Dassthatsiewould you likemitsausage and sauerkrautHuthatundandMantelcoat, overcoatgekommencame, did comewaren.were you - 223
What else did Burger want to do before the performance?
Waswhatwolltehe wantedBurgerBurger (a name)gernI'd like very muchnochstill, yetvoryou plan to doderthe airportAufführungperformancetun?do - 224
He wanted to get a few open-faced sandwiches at the buffet.
Erhe wantedwolltehe wantedsichto get used (to something)eina couple, a fewpaara couple, a fewbelegte(open-face) sandwich rollBrötchenrollambestBuffetbuffetholen.go and get - 225
What did Adams say to that?
Waswhatsagtesay, tell (du-command of sagen)AdamsAdamsdazu?with it - 226
He thought it was a good idea, because they are always excellent at this theater buffet.
Erhe, itfandfound (finden)dentheGedankenthought, idea (plural)gut,good, welldenn(no English equivalent. Unstressed particle expressing polite interest or concern.)anat, ondiesemthis (dative)Theaterbuffetrefreshment bar (in the theater)sindaresiewould you likeimmeralwaysausgezeichnet.excellent - 227
Where did the gentlemen go then?
Wohinwhere to?gingenwent (gehen)diethe embassyHerrengentlemen (pl)dann?then - 228
They went into the auditorium.
Siewould you likegingenwent (gehen)inin BonndentheZuschauerraum.auditorium. house, inside part of the theater
Response Drill 2
- 229
What did they talk about before the overture began?
Worüberabout whatsprachenspeaksie,would you likeehemarriagedieovertureOuvertüreovertureanfing?began (anfangen) - 230
About Burger's business trip, which he did not want to make.
Übervia, aboutBurgersBurger'sGeschäftsreise,business tripdiethe embassyerhe, itnichtnot ... eithergernI'd like very muchmachenmake, dowollte.he wanted - 231
What did Mr. Burger say about it?
Waswhatsagtesay, tell (du-command of sagen)HerrMr.BurgerBurger (a name)darüber?about it, about them - 232
He was glad that he had to go there.
Erhe, itwarwasfroh,gladdassthaterhe, itdorthinto therefahrengo, ride (in a vehicle)musste.had to - 233
Why was he pleased about that?
Warumwhyfreutelook forward toihnhimdas?that - 234
Weil er sich dort die neue Tannhäuser-Inszenierung ansehen konnte.
Because he could see the new production of Tannhäuser there.
- 235
What is now supposed to be one of the obligations of a cultured person?
Waswhatsollhe is supposed tomittlerweilein the meantime, (i.e., in the interval up to the present day)zurto thePflichtobligation, dutyeinesof aMenschenman, human beingvoncultivated, culturedKulturcultivated, culturedgehören?belong - 236
To experience how the master's grandsons interpret Richard Wagner's works.
Zuto be declarederleben,experience, observewiehowdesof the French authorMeistersmaestroEnkelgrandson, grandchilddiethe embassyWerkework, opus (plural)RichardRichard (the spelling word for R)WagnersWegnergestalten.arrange, set up, make, mold, form - 237
How do they arrange them?
Wiehowgestaltenarrange, set up, make, mold, formsiewould you likesiewould you likedenn?(no English equivalent. Unstressed particle expressing polite interest or concern.) - 238
In a way Richard Wagner surely could never have dreamed of.
So,sowiehowesitsichto get used (to something)RichardRichard (the spelling word for R)WagnerWagner (Richard Wagner)sichersurely, certainlynichtnot ... eitherhätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)träumendreamlassen.have something soled - 239
Who put the coat-check tokens in his pocket?
Werwhosteckteplugdiethe embassyGarderobenmarkencloakroom checksein?one year - 240
Herr Burger put the coat-check tickets in his pocket.
Diethe embassyGarderobenmarkencloakroom checkshathaves (he, she, it)HerrMr.BurgerBurger (a name)eingesteckt.put in one's pocket (einstecken) - 241
What had Herrn Burger missed?
WaswhatwarwasHerrnMr.BurgerBurger (a name)entgangen?to escape, elude - 242
That there had been a change in the program.
Dassthateinone yearSpielplanwechselchange of programstattgefundentaken place (stattfinden)hatte.had - 243
What had Burger expected?
WaswhathattehadBurgerBurger (a name)erwartet?expects (erwarten) - 244
He had expected to hear 'Carmen.'
Erhe, ithattehaderwartet,expects (erwarten)'Carmen'Carmen (Bizet's opera)zuto be declaredhören.hear - 245
How could he have known that they were presenting 'Tannhäuser' instead of 'Carmen'?
WiehowhätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)erhe, itwissenknowkönnen,to be able todassthatesit'Tannhäuser'Tannhäuser (Wagner's opera)statt(the accented adverb of stattfinden: to take place)'Carmen'Carmen (Bizet's opera)gab?gave - 246
If he had read the notice in front of the theater.
Wennwhen, iferhe, itdentheAnschlagposter, placardvoryou plan to dodemwith the waiterTheatertheatergelesenhe has readhätte.I'd like to have, I'm interested (in having) - 247
What did he now read in his program?
Waswhatlasread (lesen)erhe, itnunnow, wellaufin Germanseinemhis (dative)Programm?program - 248
Change of program due to the illness of several singers.
"Spielplanwechselchange of programwegenon account ofErkrankungillness (i.e., becoming ill)mehrerermore, leftSänger."singer - 249
Did he want to hear 'Tannhäuser'?
Wolltehe wantederhe, it'Tannhäuser'Tannhäuser (Wagner's opera)hören?hear - 250
No, he went home.
Nein,noerhe, itgingwent (gehen)nachhomeHause.home
Narrative
- 251
In der Künstler-Kantine des Opernhauses sassen einige Sänger und Sängerinnen fröhlich beisammen und sprachen über eine Kollegin, die nicht anwesend war.
Several male and female singers were sitting together cheerfully in the opera house artists' canteen, talking about a colleague who was not present.
- 252
She would not have fit in with this merry company anyway, for she was always serious.
Siewould you likehätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)auchnot ... eithernichtnot ... eitherinin Bonndiesethese two suitcaseslustigejollyGesellschaftparty, companygepasst,it suits medenn(no English equivalent. Unstressed particle expressing polite interest or concern.)siewould you likewarwasimmeralwaysernst.serious - 253
None of them could have said that they had ever seen her laugh.
Keinerno (dative)hätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)sagensay (we, they, you)können,to be able toerhe, ithätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)siewould you likejeat a timelachento laughsehen.see - 254
Suddenly, one of the singers offered his colleagues a wager.
Plötzlichsudden(ly)botoffered (bieten)einera (dative)dersingerSängersingerseinenhis (accusative)Kollegencolleague (acc/dat)eineone MarkWettebet, wageran.at, on - 255
He bet that the following evening, when she was to sing Erda and he Wotan in Wagner's 'Rheingold,' she would be unable to sing and would have to laugh instead.
Erhe, itwettete,bet, wagerdassthatsiewould you likeambestnächstennextAbend,eveningwennwhen, ifsiewould you likeinin BonnWagnersWegner'Rheingold'Das Rheingold (Wagner's opera)diethe embassyErdaErda (a character in Wagner's Ring)undanderhe, itdentheWotanWotan (a character in Wagner's Ring)zuto be declaredsingen(I) singehätte,I'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)nichtnot ... eitherwürdeI would likesingen(I) singekönnen,to be able tosondernbut ratherlachento laughmüssen.to have to - 256
After the wager had been made, one of them said to the man who had claimed that she would laugh instead of singing: "You should not have made that bet; you will not be able to win it."
Nachdemafterdiethe embassyWettebet, wagerabgeschlossenconcluded (abschliessen)war,wassagtesay, tell (du-command of sagen)einera (dative)zuto be declareddem,with the waiterderthe airportgesagthe saidhatte,hadsiewould you likewürdeI would likestatt(the accented adverb of stattfinden: to take place)zuto be declaredsingen(I) singelachen:to laugh"DasthathättenI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)Siewould you likenichtnot ... eitherwettento betsollen,be supposed toSiewould you likewerden(future auxiliary)diethe embassyWettebet, wagernichtnot ... eithergewinnenwinkönnen."to be able to - 257
"If I couldn't win, I wouldn't have bet," said the other man.
"Wennwhen, ifichInichtnot ... eithergewinnenwinkönnte,to be able tohätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)ichInichtnot ... eithergewettet,"bet, wagersagtesay, tell (du-command of sagen)derthe airportandere.other - 258
The next evening, when Wotan and Erda were on stage and Erda was just about to begin her aria, "Yield, Wotan, yield!" the singer playing Wotan whispered to her: "What kind of eggs do you prefer, hard or soft?"
AmbestnächstennextAbend,eveningalsthanWotanWotan (a character in Wagner's Ring)undandErdaErda (a character in Wagner's Ring)aufin Germanderthe airportBühnestagestanden,stood, wasundandErdaErda (a character in Wagner's Ring)kurzshortvoryou plan to dodemwith the waiterAnfangbeginningihrerher, their (dative)Ariearia"Weiche,softWotan,Wotan (a character in Wagner's Ring)weiche!"softwar,wasflüstertewhispered (flüstern)ihrherderthe airportWotansängerthe singer of Wotanzu:to be declared"Waswhat, what kind offürwhat, what kind ofEiereggsissteats (he, she, it)duyou know (fam sing)lieber,rather, more preferablehartefrom that placeoderorweiche?"soft - 259
She had to laugh so hard that she missed her cue and therefore did not sing: Yield, Wotan, yield.
Siewould you likemusstehad tososolachen,to laughdassthatsiewould you likeihrenyourEinsatzat the riskverpasste,missalsowellnichtnot ... eithersang:sang (singen)Weiche,softWotan,Wotan (a character in Wagner's Ring)weiche.soft - 260
To understand the punch line, dear reader, you would of course have had to know that in German cooking, and also in restaurants, hard or soft eggs means hard-boiled or soft-boiled eggs.
Umarounddiethe embassyPointepoint (of a joke)zuto be declaredverstehen,understandhättenI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)Sie,would you likelieberrather, more preferableLeserread (I)oderorverehrteesteemedLeserin,(woman) readernatürlichof course, naturallywissenknowmüssen,to have todassthatmanone, youinin Bonnderthe airportdeutschenGermansKüchekitchenundandauchalso, tooimin theRestaurantrestaurantunterunder, athartenfrom that placeoderorweichento yield, give wayEierneggs (dative)hartgekochthard-boiledoderorweichgekochtsoft-boiledversteht.understands (he, she, it)
The particulars
- The course
- Foreign Service Institute, German Basic Course, Washington, 1961. Public domain. The teaching pages, the glosses and the narration of lines the tape lacks are ours.
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