German · Unit 22
Unit 22: Autofahren in Deutschland
Volume 2
Driving in Germany
Basic Sentences I
- 1
I was told that the cars in Germany had semaphores.
Manone, yousagtesay, tell (du-command of sagen)mir,me, to medassthatdiethe embassyWagenin your carinin BonnDeutschlandGermanyWinkersemaphorehätten.I'd like to have, I'm interested (in having) - 2
That's right. But you also see cars with directional lights everywhere.
Dasthat's rightstimmt.that's rightAberbutWagenin your carmitsausage and sauerkrautBlinkerndirectional lightsiehtsees (he, she, it)manone, youauchalso, tooüberall.everywhere - 3
So if I took my car along, I wouldn't have to have semaphores put on?
Wennwhen, ifichIalsowellmeinenmy (accusative)Wagenin your carmitnähme,would take along (mitnehmen, unreal)müssteought to, shouldichIkeineno, not anyWinkersemaphoreanbringenput onlassen?have something soled - 4
By no means.
Keineswegs.by no means
- Winker
- the semaphore
- überall
- everywhere
- Keineswegs
- by no means
- 5
And how is it with hand signals?
Undandwiehowistisesitmitsausage and sauerkrautdentheHandzeichen?hand signal - 6
I'd only give them if the turn signals didn't work.
IchIgäbegavesiewould you likenur,onlywennwhen, ifdiethe embassyRichtungsanzeigerdirection indicator, turn signalnichtnot ... eitherfunktionierten.was working
- Handzeichen
- the hand signal
- Richtungsanzeiger
- the direction indicator, turn signal
- 7
And naturally all those people should give hand signals who drive without turn signals, like motorcyclists, bicyclists, and people in the country who drive tractors etc.
Undandnatürlichof course, naturallysolltenhe is supposed toauchalso, toodiejenigenthose peopleHandzeichenhand signalgeben,givediethe embassyohnewithoutRichtungsanzeigerdirection indicator, turn signalfahren,go, ride (in a vehicle)wiehowMotorradfahrer,motorcyclistRadfahrerbicyclistundandLeutepeopleaufin the countrydemin the countryLand,in the countrydiethe embassymitsausage and sauerkrautTraktorentractor (plural)fahrengo, ride (in a vehicle)usw.etc. - 8
And what do the traffic policemen do?
Undandwaswhattundodiethe embassyVerkehrspolizisten?traffic policeman (plural)
- diejenigen
- those people
- Motorradfahrer
- the motorcyclist
- Radfahrer
- the bicyclist
- Land
- in the country
- Traktoren
- tractor
- Verkehrspolizisten
- the traffic policeman
- 9
The same as everywhere, they like to issue tickets.
Dasselbesamewiehowüberall,everywheresiewould you likeschreibenwritegernI'd like very muchStrafzettelticket, punishment slipaus.out of, from - 10
I meant, whether they direct traffic.
IchImeinte,myobwhethersiewould you likedentheVerkehrtrafficregeln.regulate, direct - 11
Naturally. Sometimes even where there are traffic lights.
Natürlich.of course, naturallyManchmalsometimes, occasionallyauchalso, toodort,therewowhereesitVerkehrsampelntraffic light (plural)gibt.gives (he, she, it) - 12
I was told that the cars in Germany had semaphores.
Manone, yousagtesay, tell (du-command of sagen)mir,me, to medassthatdiethe embassyWagenin your carinin BonnDeutschlandGermanyWinkersemaphorehätten.I'd like to have, I'm interested (in having) - 13
That's right. But you also see cars with directional lights everywhere.
Dasthat's rightstimmt.that's rightAberbutWagenin your carmitsausage and sauerkrautBlinkerndirectional lightsiehtsees (he, she, it)manone, youauchalso, tooüberall.everywhere - 14
So if I took my car along, I wouldn't have to have semaphores put on?
Wennwhen, ifichIalsowellmeinenmy (accusative)Wagenin your carmitnähme,would take along (mitnehmen, unreal)müssteought to, shouldichIkeineno, not anyWinkersemaphoreanbringenput onlassen?have something soled - 15
By no means.
Keineswegs.by no means - 16
And how is it with hand signals?
Undandwiehowistisesitmitsausage and sauerkrautdentheHandzeichen?hand signal - 17
I'd only give them if the turn signals didn't work.
IchIgäbegavesiewould you likenur,onlywennwhen, ifdiethe embassyRichtungsanzeigerdirection indicator, turn signalnichtnot ... eitherfunktionierten.was working - 18
And naturally all those people should give hand signals who drive without turn signals, like motorcyclists, bicyclists, and people in the country who drive tractors etc.
Undandnatürlichof course, naturallysolltenhe is supposed toauchalso, toodiejenigenthose peopleHandzeichenhand signalgeben,givediethe embassyohnewithoutRichtungsanzeigerdirection indicator, turn signalfahren,go, ride (in a vehicle)wiehowMotorradfahrer,motorcyclistRadfahrerbicyclistundandLeutepeopleaufin the countrydemin the countryLand,in the countrydiethe embassymitsausage and sauerkrautTraktorentractor (plural)fahrengo, ride (in a vehicle)usw.etc. - 19
And what do the traffic policemen do?
Undandwaswhattundodiethe embassyVerkehrspolizisten?traffic policeman (plural) - 20
The same as everywhere, they like to issue tickets.
Dasselbesamewiehowüberall,everywheresiewould you likeschreibenwritegernI'd like very muchStrafzettelticket, punishment slipaus.out of, from - 21
I meant, whether they direct traffic.
IchImeinte,myobwhethersiewould you likedentheVerkehrtrafficregeln.regulate, direct - 22
Naturally. Sometimes even where there are traffic lights.
Natürlich.of course, naturallyManchmalsometimes, occasionallyauchalso, toodort,therewowhereesitVerkehrsampelntraffic light (plural)gibt.gives (he, she, it)
- Dasselbe
- the same
- Strafzettel
- the ticket, punishment slip
- Verkehrsampeln
- the traffic light
Basic Sentences II
- 23
I also heard the traffic signals and signs were different than ours.
IchI have heardhörteI have heardauch,also, toodiethe embassyVerkehrszeichentraffic sign, signalundand-schildersign (plural)wärenyou would be, you wereandersdifferentalsthanunsere.our - 24
Yes, very. The International Traffic Signs hold good in the Federal Republic as in all of Europe.
Ja,yessehr.veryInin Bonnderthe airportBundesrepublikBundesrepublikwiehowinin BonnganzquiteEuropaEuropageltenbe valid, hold gooddiethe embassyInternationaleninternationalVerkehrszeichen.traffic sign, signal
- Verkehrszeichen
- the traffic sign, signal
- anders
- different
- Bundesrepublik
- the Federal Republic
- 25
Do you believe that it would be difficult for a driver to drive without a knowledge of these signs?
GlaubenbelieveSie,would you likedassthatesiteinema (dative)Fahrerdriverschwerwould be difficultfiele,would be difficultohnewithoutKenntnisknowledgedieserthisSchildersign (plural)zuto be declaredfahren?go, ride (in a vehicle) - 26
It wouldn't be advisable in any case.
Esitwärewould beinin any casejedemin any caseFallin any casenichtnot ... eitherratsam.advisable
- Fahrer
- the driver
- fiele
- would be difficult
- Fall
- in any case
- ratsam
- advisable
- 27
Sie sollten sich mit der Strassenverkehrsordnung vertraut machen und mit den wichtigsten Verkehrszeichen, wie: Einbahnstrasse, Vorfahrtsrecht, Höchstgeschwindigkeit, Parkverbot, Radfahrweg ...
You ought to become conversant with the traffic regulations and with the most important traffic signs like: one-way street, right of way, speed limit, no parking, bicycle path ...
- Vorfahrtsrecht
- the right of way
- 28
(unterbricht ...) Na ja, das liesse sich ja sicher leicht lernen, wenn man ein Merkblatt mit all den Zeichen bekäme.
(interrupts ...) Oh well, that could certainly be easily learned if one got an instruction sheet with all the signs.
- 29
That shouldn't be any problem.
Dasthatsolltehe is supposed tokeinno, not aProblemproblemsein.be - 30
Another question. I could get, they told me, on the basis of my American driver's licence an International Driver's Licence.
Nochstill, yeteineone MarkFrage.ask (I)IchIbekäme,to get outsagtesay, tell (du-command of sagen)manone, youmir,me, to meaufon the basisGrundon the basismeinesof myamerikanischenAmericanFührerscheinsdriver's licencedentheInternationaleninternationalFührerschein.driver's licence - 31
Yes, and you would be permitted to drive everywhere in Europe with it.
Ja,yesundandmitsausage and sauerkrautdemwith the waiterdürftento be allowedSiewould you likeüberalleverywhereinin BonnEuropaEuropafahren.go, ride (in a vehicle)
- (unterbricht
- interrupts
- lernen
- that would let itself be learned (could be ...)
- Zeichen
- the sign
- Grund
- on the basis
- 32
How is it, however, with my wife, who can't drive? Would I be allowed to teach her to drive?
Wiehowistisesitaberbutmitsausage and sauerkrautmeinermyFrau,Mrs.diethe embassynichtnot ... eitherfahrengo, ride (in a vehicle)kann?she canDürfteto be allowedichIihrherdasthatFahrengo, ride (in a vehicle)beibringen?teach - 33
Not in Germany. In order to get a driver's licence there, she would have to go to driving school where she would also get theoretical instruction.
Inin BonnDeutschlandGermanynicht.not ... eitherUmarounddortthereeinena walkFührerscheindriver's licencezuto be declarederwerben,acquiremüssteought to, shouldsiewould you likeeineone MarkFahrschuledriving schoolbesuchen,visitwowheresiewould you likeauchalso, tootheoretischentheoreticalUnterrichtinstructionbekäme.to get out
- Unterricht
- the instruction
- 34
Well, the traffic signs she could learn as well as I without a driving instructor and for the traffic rules there would probably be a brochure or something similar.
Na,welldiethe embassyVerkehrszeichentraffic sign, signalkönnteto be able tosiewould you likesosogutgood, wellwiehowichIohnewithoutFahrlehrerdriving instructorlernento learnundandfürfordiethe embassyVerkehrsregelntraffic rules (plural)dürfteto be allowedesitjayeswohlI suppose, you supposeeineone MarkBroschürebrochureo.ä.or something similargeben.give
- Fahrlehrer
- the driving instructor
- Verkehrsregeln
- the traffic rules
- o.ä
- or something similar
- 35
No doubt. But in driving school one would also explain the workings in the motor to her, the function of the spark plugs, of the carburetor, the generator and more of the same.
Dasthatschon.already, beforeInin Bonnderthe airportFahrschuledriving schoolwürdeI would likemanone, youihrheraberbutauchalso, toodiethe embassyArbeitsvorgängeoperation, workings (plural)imin theMotormotorerklären,explaindiefunctionFunktionfunctionderthe airportZündkerzen,spark plug (plural)desof the French authorVergasers,carburetorderthe airportLichtmaschinegeneratoru.ä.m.and more of the same
- Zündkerzen
- the spark plug
- u.ä.m
- and more of the same
- 36
What would that be needed for, insofar as you didn't want to repair your car yourself?
Wozuwhat forwärewould bedasthatnötig,necessarysoferninsofar asmanone, youseinbeAutocarnichtnot ... eitherselbstyourselfreparierenrepair, fixwollte?he wanted - 37
In the German driving test such knowledge is assumed.
Inin Bonnderthe airportdeutschenGermansFahrprüfungdriving testwerden(future auxiliary)solchesuchKenntnisseknowledge (plural)vorausgesetzt.provided that (voraussetzen) - 38
I also heard the traffic signals and signs were different than ours.
IchI have heardhörteI have heardauch,also, toodiethe embassyVerkehrszeichentraffic sign, signalundand-schildersign (plural)wärenyou would be, you wereandersdifferentalsthanunsere.our - 39
Yes, very. The International Traffic Signs hold good in the Federal Republic as in all of Europe.
Ja,yessehr.veryInin Bonnderthe airportBundesrepublikBundesrepublikwiehowinin BonnganzquiteEuropaEuropageltenbe valid, hold gooddiethe embassyInternationaleninternationalVerkehrszeichen.traffic sign, signal - 40
Do you believe that it would be difficult for a driver to drive without a knowledge of these signs?
GlaubenbelieveSie,would you likedassthatesiteinema (dative)Fahrerdriverschwerwould be difficultfiele,would be difficultohnewithoutKenntnisknowledgedieserthisSchildersign (plural)zuto be declaredfahren?go, ride (in a vehicle) - 41
It wouldn't be advisable in any case.
Esitwärewould beinin any casejedemin any caseFallin any casenichtnot ... eitherratsam.advisable - 42
Sie sollten sich mit der Strassenverkehrsordnung vertraut machen und mit den wichtigsten Verkehrszeichen, wie: Einbahnstrasse, Vorfahrtsrecht, Höchstgeschwindigkeit, Parkverbot, Radfahrweg ...
You ought to become conversant with the traffic regulations and with the most important traffic signs like: one-way street, right of way, speed limit, no parking, bicycle path ...
- 43
(unterbricht ...) Na ja, das liesse sich ja sicher leicht lernen, wenn man ein Merkblatt mit all den Zeichen bekäme.
(interrupts ...) Oh well, that could certainly be easily learned if one got an instruction sheet with all the signs.
- 44
That shouldn't be any problem.
Dasthatsolltehe is supposed tokeinno, not aProblemproblemsein.be - 45
Another question. I could get, they told me, on the basis of my American driver's licence an International Driver's Licence.
Nochstill, yeteineone MarkFrage.ask (I)IchIbekäme,to get outsagtesay, tell (du-command of sagen)manone, youmir,me, to meaufon the basisGrundon the basismeinesof myamerikanischenAmericanFührerscheinsdriver's licencedentheInternationaleninternationalFührerschein.driver's licence - 46
Yes, and you would be permitted to drive everywhere in Europe with it.
Ja,yesundandmitsausage and sauerkrautdemwith the waiterdürftento be allowedSiewould you likeüberalleverywhereinin BonnEuropaEuropafahren.go, ride (in a vehicle) - 47
How is it, however, with my wife, who can't drive? Would I be allowed to teach her to drive?
Wiehowistisesitaberbutmitsausage and sauerkrautmeinermyFrau,Mrs.diethe embassynichtnot ... eitherfahrengo, ride (in a vehicle)kann?she canDürfteto be allowedichIihrherdasthatFahrengo, ride (in a vehicle)beibringen?teach - 48
Not in Germany. In order to get a driver's licence there, she would have to go to driving school where she would also get theoretical instruction.
Inin BonnDeutschlandGermanynicht.not ... eitherUmarounddortthereeinena walkFührerscheindriver's licencezuto be declarederwerben,acquiremüssteought to, shouldsiewould you likeeineone MarkFahrschuledriving schoolbesuchen,visitwowheresiewould you likeauchalso, tootheoretischentheoreticalUnterrichtinstructionbekäme.to get out - 49
Well, the traffic signs she could learn as well as I without a driving instructor and for the traffic rules there would probably be a brochure or something similar.
Na,welldiethe embassyVerkehrszeichentraffic sign, signalkönnteto be able tosiewould you likesosogutgood, wellwiehowichIohnewithoutFahrlehrerdriving instructorlernento learnundandfürfordiethe embassyVerkehrsregelntraffic rules (plural)dürfteto be allowedesitjayeswohlI suppose, you supposeeineone MarkBroschürebrochureo.ä.or something similargeben.give - 50
No doubt. But in driving school one would also explain the workings in the motor to her, the function of the spark plugs, of the carburetor, the generator and more of the same.
Dasthatschon.already, beforeInin Bonnderthe airportFahrschuledriving schoolwürdeI would likemanone, youihrheraberbutauchalso, toodiethe embassyArbeitsvorgängeoperation, workings (plural)imin theMotormotorerklären,explaindiefunctionFunktionfunctionderthe airportZündkerzen,spark plug (plural)desof the French authorVergasers,carburetorderthe airportLichtmaschinegeneratoru.ä.m.and more of the same - 51
What would that be needed for, insofar as you didn't want to repair your car yourself?
Wozuwhat forwärewould bedasthatnötig,necessarysoferninsofar asmanone, youseinbeAutocarnichtnot ... eitherselbstyourselfreparierenrepair, fixwollte?he wanted - 52
In the German driving test such knowledge is assumed.
Inin Bonnderthe airportdeutschenGermansFahrprüfungdriving testwerden(future auxiliary)solchesuchKenntnisseknowledge (plural)vorausgesetzt.provided that (voraussetzen)
- sofern
- insofar
Basic Sentences III
- 53
Fill it up?
Volltanken?fill up the tank - 54
Yes, please, and also check the oil (level) and the battery.
Ja,yesbittepleaseundandprüfentest, checkSiewould you likeauchalso, toodentheÖlstandoil levelundanddiebatteryBatterie.battery - 55
I'll have to add some water to the radiator. Do you have enough anti-freeze in it?
IchI have tomussI have toetwassome breadWasserwaterimin theKühlercoolernachfüllen.add (water)HabenhaveSiewould you likegenugenoughFrostschutzmittelanti-freezedrin?in it (darin) - 56
I don't know. Could you check that too?
IchI knowweissI knownicht.not ... eitherKönntencouldSiewould you likedasthatauchalso, tooprüfen?test, check
- Ölstand
- the oil level
- Kühler
- the radiator
- Frostschutzmittel
- the anti-freeze
- 57
Gladly. The radio said we could reckon with ten degrees below zero tonight.
Gern.I'd like very muchImin theRadioradiowurdehe, it will beangesagt,announced (ansagen)wirwe havekönntencouldheutetodaynachtthe nightmitsausage and sauerkrautzehntenGraddegreeunterbelow zeroNullbelow zerorechnen.reckon with, count on - 58
I have no idea how you convert that into Fahrenheit, but it sounds right cold.
IchIhabehave (I)keineno, not anyAhnung,suspicion, ideawiehowmanone, youdasthatinin BonnFahrenheitFahrenheitumrechnetconverts (umrechnen)--aberbutesitklingtsoundrechtright, all rightkalt.cold - 59
Doesn't matter. I've checked it already. The anti-freeze ought to suffice for this temperature.
Machtdoesn't matternichts.doesn't matterIchIhabehave (I)esitschonalready, beforegeprüft.checked (prüfen)Deranti-freezeFrostschutzanti-freezesolltehe is supposed tofürfordiesethese two suitcasesTemperaturtemperatureausreichen.be sufficient
- Grad
- the degree
- Null
- below zero
- Fahrenheit
- Fahrenheit
- nichts
- doesn't matter
- Frostschutz
- the anti-freeze
- 60
It looks as if the left rear tire needs some more air.
Esitsiehtsees (he, she, it)sosoaus,out of, fromalsas if, as thoughobas if, as thoughderthe airportlinkeleft (in der linken Hand: in the left hand)Hinterreifenrear tireetwassome breadmehrmore, leftLuftairbraucht.needs - 61
Drive over there, please. The air pump is there. How much (tire) pressure do you want?
Fahrengo, ride (in a vehicle)Siewould you likebittepleasedorttheredrübenover therehin.to that placeDortthereistisdieair pumpLuftpumpe.air pumpWievielhow muchReifendrucktire pressurewollento want to, to intend toSie?would you like - 62
In America I would take twenty pounds, but perhaps you measure the air pressure in kilos.
Inin BonnAmerikaAmericanähmetook (nehmen)ichIzwanzigtwentyPfund,poundaberbutvielleichtperhaps, maybemessenfair, exposition (plural)Siewould you likedentheLuftdruckair pressureinin BonnKilos.kilogram, kilo (plural)
- Hinterreifen
- the rear tire
- Reifendruck
- the tire pressure
- Pfund
- the pound
- Luftdruck
- the air pressure
- 63
Our pumps are in atü. I think you want 1.2.
UnsereourLuftpumpenair pump (plural)sindareinin Bonnatü.atüIchI believeglaubeI believeSiewould you likewollento want to, to intend to1,2.twelve - 64
Good that you know that. I would also be grateful if you cleaned the windshield.
Gut,good, welldassthatSiewould you likeesitwissen.knowIchIwärewould beauchalso, toodankbar,gratefulwennwhen, ifSiewould you likenochstill, yetdiewindshieldWindschutzscheibewindshieldputzten.polish - 65
Glad to do it.
Tu'do (du-command of tun)ichIgern.I'd like very much - 66
Fill it up?
Volltanken?fill up the tank - 67
Yes, please, and also check the oil (level) and the battery.
Ja,yesbittepleaseundandprüfentest, checkSiewould you likeauchalso, toodentheÖlstandoil levelundanddiebatteryBatterie.battery - 68
I'll have to add some water to the radiator. Do you have enough anti-freeze in it?
IchI have tomussI have toetwassome breadWasserwaterimin theKühlercoolernachfüllen.add (water)HabenhaveSiewould you likegenugenoughFrostschutzmittelanti-freezedrin?in it (darin) - 69
I don't know. Could you check that too?
IchI knowweissI knownicht.not ... eitherKönntencouldSiewould you likedasthatauchalso, tooprüfen?test, check - 70
Gladly. The radio said we could reckon with ten degrees below zero tonight.
Gern.I'd like very muchImin theRadioradiowurdehe, it will beangesagt,announced (ansagen)wirwe havekönntencouldheutetodaynachtthe nightmitsausage and sauerkrautzehntenGraddegreeunterbelow zeroNullbelow zerorechnen.reckon with, count on - 71
I have no idea how you convert that into Fahrenheit, but it sounds right cold.
IchIhabehave (I)keineno, not anyAhnung,suspicion, ideawiehowmanone, youdasthatinin BonnFahrenheitFahrenheitumrechnetconverts (umrechnen)--aberbutesitklingtsoundrechtright, all rightkalt.cold - 72
Doesn't matter. I've checked it already. The anti-freeze ought to suffice for this temperature.
Machtdoesn't matternichts.doesn't matterIchIhabehave (I)esitschonalready, beforegeprüft.checked (prüfen)Deranti-freezeFrostschutzanti-freezesolltehe is supposed tofürfordiesethese two suitcasesTemperaturtemperatureausreichen.be sufficient - 73
It looks as if the left rear tire needs some more air.
Esitsiehtsees (he, she, it)sosoaus,out of, fromalsas if, as thoughobas if, as thoughderthe airportlinkeleft (in der linken Hand: in the left hand)Hinterreifenrear tireetwassome breadmehrmore, leftLuftairbraucht.needs - 74
Drive over there, please. The air pump is there. How much (tire) pressure do you want?
Fahrengo, ride (in a vehicle)Siewould you likebittepleasedorttheredrübenover therehin.to that placeDortthereistisdieair pumpLuftpumpe.air pumpWievielhow muchReifendrucktire pressurewollento want to, to intend toSie?would you like - 75
In America I would take twenty pounds, but perhaps you measure the air pressure in kilos.
Inin BonnAmerikaAmericanähmetook (nehmen)ichIzwanzigtwentyPfund,poundaberbutvielleichtperhaps, maybemessenfair, exposition (plural)Siewould you likedentheLuftdruckair pressureinin BonnKilos.kilogram, kilo (plural) - 76
Our pumps are in atü. I think you want 1.2.
UnsereourLuftpumpenair pump (plural)sindareinin Bonnatü.atüIchI believeglaubeI believeSiewould you likewollento want to, to intend to1,2.twelve - 77
Good that you know that. I would also be grateful if you cleaned the windshield.
Gut,good, welldassthatSiewould you likeesitwissen.knowIchIwärewould beauchalso, toodankbar,gratefulwennwhen, ifSiewould you likenochstill, yetdiewindshieldWindschutzscheibewindshieldputzten.polish - 78
Glad to do it.
Tu'do (du-command of tun)ichIgern.I'd like very much
- atü
- atü
Substitution Drill
Unreal conditions so far
An unreal condition says what would happen if something were true. It returns here from earlier units.
The condition can begin with wenn. It can also stand without wenn, with the verb first: Hätten wir mehr Geld, wäre es kein Problem, das neue Auto zu kaufen.
So far these sentences used the subjunctive of haben, sein or a modal, or würden with the infinitive.
A modal is a verb such as könnte, müsste or sollte that goes with the infinitive of another verb.
A subjunctive of the main verb
An unreal condition in the present or future has a second form. The main verb takes a subjunctive form of its own, in place of würden with the infinitive.
So wenn er eine Tetanusspritze bekommen würde can also be wenn er eine Tetanusspritze bekäme. Würde er dieses kaufen can also be kaufte er dieses.
This subjunctive is built on the past form of the verb. For a weak verb the two forms are the same: sagte. The rest of the sentence shows which one is meant.
Reading the tables of forms
The tables give the er, wir, du and ihr forms. The ich form is the same as the er form, as in the past. The sie form is the same as the wir form.
A strong verb whose past stem has a, o or u changes it to ä, ö or ü: käme, zöge, führe.
Some verbs do not take this umlaut, or have a preferred variant: kennte, nennte, hülfe. Stehen has two equal forms, stände and stünde.
These forms are not always usable. Usage decides, and it is learned by hearing the spoken language.
Conditional clauses
Reporting another person's words
Indirect discourse often uses the subjunctive that is built on the past form: Er sagte, ich bekäme den Führerschein.
The subjunctive marks the words as the views of another person. The speaker may want to stand apart from them: Er glaubt, der Mond bestünde aus grünem Käse.
The speaker may also only report a fact: Er sagt, der Konsul käme morgen zurück.
Agreeing, and stating one's own views
The indicative is the ordinary form of the verb, the form that is not subjunctive.
A speaker who agrees with another person's views uses the indicative: Der Arzt glaubt, dass ich krank bin.
A speaker can also put his own views in the subjunctive. This marks them as his own opinion, or states them indirectly: Ich dachte, er ginge.
- 79
I was told that the cars in Germany had semaphores.
Manone, yousagtesay, tell (du-command of sagen)mir,me, to medassthatdiethe embassyWagenin your carinin BonnDeutschlandGermanyWinkersemaphorehätten.I'd like to have, I'm interested (in having) - 80
If I took my car along I wouldn't have to have trafficators put on.
Wennwhen, ifichImeinenmy (accusative)Wagenin your carmitnähme,would take along (mitnehmen, unreal)müssteought to, shouldichIkeineno, not anyWinkersemaphoreanbringenput onlassen.have something soled - 81
He told me the trafficators didn't work.
Erhe, itsagtesay, tell (du-command of sagen)mir,me, to mediethe embassyWinkersemaphorefunktioniertenwas workingnicht.not ... either
FSI German Basic Course (1961), Unit 22, Notes on Grammar
A. CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
I
In Units 18 ff. we encountered conditional clauses introduced or conditioned by als ob or wenn and special conditional clauses standing without these:
Es wäre kein Problem, das neue Auto zu kaufen, wenn wir mehr Geld hätten.
Hätten wir mehr Geld, wäre es kein Problem, das neue Auto zu kaufen.
Most of the examples of unreal conditions in the present and future have been formed with subjunctives of haben, sein, the modals and würden with the infinitive:
Es wäre gut, wenn er eine Tetanusspritze bekommen würde.
Wenn er nicht schon ein Wörterbuch hätte, würde er dieses kaufen.
Wenn Sie mir den Brief jetzt diktieren würden, könnte ich ihn nachhe zur Post mitnehmen.A. CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
II
There is another possibility for expressing unreal conditions or possibilities in the present and future. For this one uses a subjunctive form of the main verb instead of würden plus the infinitive:
Es wäre gut, wenn er eine Tetanusspritze bekäme.
Wenn er nicht schon ein Wörterbuch hätte, kaufte er dieses.
Wenn Sie mir den Brief jetzt diktierten, könnte ich ihn nachher zur Post mitnehmen.
This subjunctive is obviously based on the past form of the verb. A representative summary of forms is given below. As in the Past Tense, ich - and er - forms are identical, likewise wir - and sie - forms.
Strong Verbs / Weak Verbs
er - form: käme, zöge, führe, liesse / sagte
wir - form: kämen, zögen, führen, liessen / sagten
du - form: kämest, zögest, führest, liessest / sagtest
ihr - form: kämet, zöget, führet, liesset / sagtet
Note that the strong verbs with vowel stems a,o,u take ä,ö,ü in the subjunctive. However, certain strong verbs that one would expect to have an umlaut for the past stem vowel in the subjunctive do not or have variant forms which are preferred usage:
Infinitive / Subjunctive
beginnen / begönne
empfehlen / empföhle
helfen / hülfe
kennen / kennte
nennen / nennte
schwimmen / schwömme
vorwerfen / vorwürfe
There are also some verbs which have two equally acceptable forms:
Infinitive / Subjunctive
stehen / stände, stünde
gelten / gälte, gölte
The weak verbs being identical with their indicative counterparts in the Past Tense achieve their subjunctive identity through their environment or context:
Ich gäbe sie nur, wenn die Richtungsanzeiger nicht funktionierten.
An important fact to remember is that one cannot always use these forms. Usage determines what is usable. You will learn usage by exposure to the spoken language.B. INDIRECT DISCOURSE
I
The forms of the subjunctive based on the Past Tense are often used in Indirect Discourse situations.
Er sagte, ich bekäme den Führerschein.
Ich hörte, es liesse sich leicht machen.
In Indirect Discourse one can state the content of another's words, thoughts or wishes with the subjunctive and thus underline the fact that those are the views of another. It may be evident from the statement that one wishes to divorce himself from the views:
Er glaubt, der Mond bestünde aus grünem Käse.
Or one may simply be reporting a fact:
Er sagt, der Konsul käme morgen zurück.
If one wishes to endorse the views or words of another, one uses the indicative:
Der Arzt glaubt, dass ich krank bin.
One may mark the subjective nature of his own views by the use of the subjunctive or simply use the subjunctive in stating his own views because one wishes to state them indirectly.
Ich dachte, er ginge.
Ich habe immer gedacht, dass er es wüsste.- 82
He told me the trafficators didn't work.
Erhe, itsagtesay, tell (du-command of sagen)mir,me, to mediethe embassyWinkersemaphorefunktioniertenwas workingnicht.not ... either - 83
I thought the attendant was checking the tire pressure.
IchIdachte,thoughtderpump attendantTankwartpump attendantprüftetest, checkdentheReifendruck.tire pressure - 84
He wrote us there were many bicycle paths there.
Erhe, itschriebwrote (schreiben)uns,we like itesitgäbegavedorttherevielemanyRadfahrwege.bicycle path (plural) - 85
The policeman explained to her that she had no right of way.
Derthe policemanPolizistthe policemanerklärteexplained (erklären)ihr,hersiewould you likehätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)keinno, not aVorfahrtsrecht.right of way
- 86
The policeman explained to her that she had no right of way.
Derthe policemanPolizistthe policemanerklärteexplained (erklären)ihr,hersiewould you likehätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)keinno, not aVorfahrtsrecht.right of way - 87
If she stayed here we'd drive to the Black Forest.
Bliebestayed (bleiben)siewould you likehier,hereführenlead, take, bringwirwe haveinin BonndentheSchwarzwald.Black Forest - 88
If I went to America I could stay with relatives.
Wennwhen, ifichInachto, towardAmerikaAmericaführe,lead, take, bringkönnteto be able toichIbeigetting the passport checkedVerwandtenrelative(s)wohnen.live
Variation Drill
- 89
They told me, the cars in Germany had semaphores.
Manone, yousagtesay, tell (du-command of sagen)mir,me, to mediethe embassyWagenin your carinin BonnDeutschlandGermanyhättenI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)Winker.semaphore - 90
I heard the Germans work very hard.
IchI have heardhörte,I have hearddiethe embassyDeutschenGermansarbeitetenwork (I)sehrveryfleissig.industrious, hard-working - 91
The secretary said, the Ambassador thinks quite differently about it.
Diethe secretarySekretärinthe secretarysagte,say, tell (du-command of sagen)derthe airportBotschafterembassydächtedach- (past stem of denken: dachte)ganzquiteandersdifferentdarüber.about it, about them
- 92
The secretary said, the Ambassador thinks quite differently about it.
Diethe secretarySekretärinthe secretarysagte,say, tell (du-command of sagen)derthe airportBotschafterembassydächtedach- (past stem of denken: dachte)ganzquiteandersdifferentdarüber.about it, about them - 93
If I don't take my car along, I will have to buy a new one over there.
Wennwhen, ifichImeinenmy (accusative)Wagenin your carnichtnot ... eithermitnähme,would take along (mitnehmen, unreal)müssteought to, shouldichIdrübenover thereeinena walkneuennewkaufen.buy - 94
Do you think that it would be difficult for a driver to drive without knowing the signs?
GlaubenbelieveSie,would you likedassthatesiteinema (dative)Fahrerdriverschwerwould be difficultfiele,would be difficultohnewithoutKenntnisknowledgederthe airportSchildersign (plural)zuto be declaredfahren?go, ride (in a vehicle) - 95
Mr. Allen believes that Schmidt's party is already planning a post for him.
HerrMr.AllenAllenglaubt,believes (he, she, it)dassthatSchmidtsSchmidtParteipartyschonalready, beforeeinena walkPostenposition, jobfürforihnhimvorsähe.would provide for (vorsehen, unreal)
- 96
Mr. Allen believes that Schmidt's party is already planning a post for him.
HerrMr.AllenAllenglaubt,believes (he, she, it)dassthatSchmidtsSchmidtParteipartyschonalready, beforeeinena walkPostenposition, jobfürforihnhimvorsähe.would provide for (vorsehen, unreal) - 97
The Minister said yesterday evening he would work toward a reduction of working hours.
Derminister, secretaryMinisterminister, secretarysagtesay, tell (du-command of sagen)gesternyesterday eveningabend,yesterday eveningerhe, itträtestepped, entered (treten)fürforeineone MarkVerkürzungshortening, reductionderthe airportArbeitszeitworking hoursein.one year - 98
He counted on it that Mrs. Meyer would also come along to Berlin.
Erhe, itrechnetereckon with, count ondamit,with itdassthatFrauMrs.MeyerMeyerauchalso, toonachto, towardBerlinBerlinmitkäme.would come along (mitkommen, unreal) - 99
I would only give hand signals if the directional signals did not function.
IchIgäbegavenuronlyHandzeichen,hand signalwennwhen, ifdiethe embassyRichtungsanzeigerdirection indicator, turn signalnichtnot ... eitherfunktionierten.was working
- 100
I would only give hand signals if the directional signals did not function.
IchIgäbegavenuronlyHandzeichen,hand signalwennwhen, ifdiethe embassyRichtungsanzeigerdirection indicator, turn signalnichtnot ... eitherfunktionierten.was working - 101
If he came tomorrow, I would fetch him from the station.
Kämesomething arose, developederhe, itmorgen,good morningholtepick ... upichIihnhimvomof the consulateBahnhofstationab.he withdraws - 102
If I got the International Driver's Licence, I would be permitted to drive everywhere in Europe.
Bekämeto get outichIdentheInternationaleninternationalFührerschein,driver's licencedürfteto be allowedichIüberalleverywhereinin BonnEuropaEuropafahren.go, ride (in a vehicle)
- 103
If I knew him, I'd ask him for a cigarette.
Kennteknow (I)ichIihn,himbäteasked (bitten)ichIihnhimumaroundeineone MarkZigarette.cigarette
Vocabulary Drill
- 104
It would be better if you had semaphores put on.
Esitwärewould bebesser,betterwennwhen, ifSiewould you likeWinkersemaphoreanbringenput onliessen.read (du-command of lesen) - 105
He had the semaphores put on last week.
Erhe, itliessread (du-command of lesen)diethe embassyWinkersemaphorevorigelast, previousWocheweekanbringen.put on - 106
New traffic signs ought to be put up here.
Hierheremüsstenought to, shouldneuehis new addressVerkehrsschildertraffic sign (plural)angebrachtput on, attached (anbringen)werden.(future auxiliary) - 107
The mechanic can put the mirror on your car.
Derthe airportSchlosserpalacekannshe candentheSpiegelmirroranat, onIhremin your carWagenin your caranbringen.put on - 108
If he had had directional lights, he wouldn't have had the semaphores put on.
Wennwhen, iferhe, itBlinkerdirectional lightgehabthe hadhätte,I'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)hätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)erhe, itdiethe embassyWinkersemaphorenichtnot ... eitherangebracht.put on, attached (anbringen) - 109
I wasn't able to see the program because my television wasn't working.
IchIhabehave (I)dasprogramProgrammprogramnichtnot ... eithersehenseekönnen,to be able todatheremeinmyFernsehapparattelevision setnichtnot ... eitherfunktionierte.was working - 110
Too bad! My pen isn't working at the moment.
Schade!bad, too badMeinmyFüllerpenfunktioniertwas workingimat the momentAugenblickat the momentnicht.not ... either - 111
One of the spark plugs wasn't working properly.
Eineone Markderthe airportZündkerzenspark plug (plural)hathaves (he, she, it)nichtnot ... eitherrichtigreallyfunktioniert.was working - 112
The battery is still functioning well.
DiebatteryBatteriebatteryfunktioniertwas workingimmeralwaysnochstill, yetgut.good, well
- 113
He said the generator had always functioned.
Erhe, itsagte,say, tell (du-command of sagen)diegeneratorLichtmaschinegeneratorhätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)immeralwaysfunktioniert.was working - 114
Where is the traffic policeman who is supposed to direct traffic here?
Wowhereistisdertraffic policemanVerkehrspolizist,traffic policemanderthe airporthierheredentheVerkehrtrafficregelnregulate, directsollte?he is supposed to - 115
We'll put that in order right away!
Dasthatwerden(future auxiliary)wirwe haveschonalready, beforeregeln!regulate, direct - 116
Who took care of the matter for you?
Werwhohathaves (he, she, it)diethe matterAngelegenheitthe matterfürforSiewould you likegeregelt?regulated - 117
The traffic ought to be better regulated at this corner.
DertrafficVerkehrtrafficsolltehe is supposed toanat, ondieserthisEckecornerbesserbettergeregeltregulatedwerden.(future auxiliary) - 118
He has taken care of the thing badly.
Erhe, ithathaves (he, she, it)diethe thingSachethe thingschlechtbad, poorgeregelt.regulated - 119
He thinks his American driver's licence is also valid in Germany.
Erhe, itdenkt,thinkseinbeamerikanischerAmericanFührerscheindriver's licencegältewould apply (gelten, unreal)auchalso, tooinin BonnDeutschland.Germany - 120
The prophet counts for nothing in his homeland.
Derthe airportProphetprophetgiltis valid, applies (gelten)nichtsnothinginin Bonnseinemhis (dative)Vaterlande.fatherland (dative) - 121
I don't count that.
Dasthatlasseget, haveichInichtnot ... eithergelten.be valid, hold good
- 122
When it counts, he is always there.
Wennwhen, ifesitgilt,is valid, applies (gelten)istiserhe, itimmeralwaysda.there - 123
The theater tickets are only valid for the evening performance.
Diethe embassyTheaterkartentheater tickets (plural of die Theaterkarte)geltenbe valid, hold goodfürfordiethe embassyAbendvorstellung.evening performance - 124
It was difficult for me to leave Germany.
Esitfielto occur tomirme, to meschwer,difficultDeutschlandGermanyzuto be declaredverlassen.to leave - 125
Mrs. Schmidt said it was difficult for her to keep to her diet.
FrauMrs.SchmidtSchmidtsagte,say, tell (du-command of sagen)esitfielto occur toihrherschwer,difficultihreher, theirDiätdieteinzuhalten.to keep to, observe (einhalten, with zu) - 126
It was hard for him to translate the article.
Esitistisihmhimschwerdifficultgefallen,to pleasedentheArtikelarticlezuto be declaredübersetzen.translate - 127
Today it was hard for him to visit both conferences.
Heutetodayfielto occur toesitihmhimschwer,difficultbeidebothKonferenzenconference (plural)zuto be declaredbesuchen.visit - 128
Is it hard for you to write this letter?
Fälltfalls (es fällt ihr auf: she notices)esitIhnento you, with youschwer,difficultdiesenthis (accusative)Briefletterzuto be declaredschreiben?write - 129
It will be difficult for them to try that.
Esitwirdhe, it will beihnento you, with youschwerdifficultfallen,be difficultdasthatzuto be declaredversuchen.try - 130
Can you teach me to drive?
Könnencan youSiecan youmirme, to medasthatFahrengo, ride (in a vehicle)beibringen?teach
- 131
He taught me to drive a motorcycle.
Erhe, ithathaves (he, she, it)mirme, to medasthatMotorradfahrenmotorcyclistbeigebracht.taught (beibringen) - 132
No one could teach me that.
Niemandnobodykonntewas able, couldmirme, to medasthatbeibringen.teach - 133
I'll teach you!
DasthatwerdeI will beichIdirto you, for youbeibringen!teach - 134
Mr. Schmidt is teaching me to play tennis.
HerrMr.SchmidtSchmidtbringtbring (he, she, it)mirme, to medasthatTennisspielentennis playerbei.getting the passport checked - 135
You'll have to explain the traffic signs to me.
Siewould you likemüssento have tomirme, to mediethe embassyVerkehrszeichentraffic sign, signalerklären.explain - 136
She explained to the applicant how he should fill out the form.
Siewould you likeerklärteexplained (erklären)demwith the waiterAntragsteller,applicantwiehowerhe, itdasthe formFormularthe formausfüllenfill outsollte.he is supposed to - 137
We have explained this matter thoroughly.
Wirwe havehabenwe havediesethese two suitcasesSachethingausführlichin detailerklärt.explain - 138
Explain to me why you were late.
ErklärenexplainSiewould you likemir,me, to mewarumwhySiewould you likezutoo latespättoo lategekommencame, did comesind.are - 139
Did she explain to you how the accident happened?
Erklärteexplained (erklären)siewould you likeIhnen,to you, with youwiehowesitzuto be declareddemwith the waiterUnfallaccident, collisionkam?something arose, developed
- 140
The police expect such knowledge.
SolchesuchKenntnisseknowledge (plural)werden(future auxiliary)vonofderthe airportPolizeipolicevorausgesetzt.provided that (voraussetzen) - 141
Mr. Allen presupposed that Miss Bruce had a typewriter.
HerrMr.AllenAllensetzteset (I)voraus,aheaddassthatFräuleinMissBruceBruceeineone MarkSchreibmaschinetypewriterhätte.I'd like to have, I'm interested (in having) - 142
Mr. Becker told me the police expected that in the driving test.
HerrMr. BeckerBeckerMr. Beckersagtesay, tell (du-command of sagen)mir,me, to mediepolicePolizeipolicesetzteset (I)dasthatbeigetting the passport checkedderthe airportFahrprüfungdriving testvoraus.ahead - 143
We can scarcely presuppose that.
Dasthatkönnento be able towirwe havekaumhardly, scarcelyvoraussetzen.assume - 144
We presupposed that you would be able to drive.
Wirwe havesetztenset (I)voraus,aheaddassthatSiewould you likeAutofahrendriving (a car)könnten.could - 145
In Fahrenheit umgerechnet sind das mehr als 90 Grad.
Converted into Fahrenheit that is more than 90 degrees.
- 146
How do we convert from atü into pounds?
Wiehowrechnenreckon with, count onwirwe havedasthatvonofatüatüinin BonnPfundpoundum?around - 147
That is too complicated to convert it.
Dasthatistiszuto be declaredkompliziertcomplicatedumaroundesitumzurechnen.to convert (umrechnen, with zu) - 148
Converting is always difficult for foreigners.
DasthatUmrechnenconvertistisimmeralwaysschwierigdifficultfürforAusländer.foreign countries
- 149
If one converts kilometers into American miles, 1.6 kilometers are one mile.
Wennwhen, ifmanone, youKilometerkilometerinin Bonnamerikanischethe American ConsulateMeilenmilesumrechnet,converts (umrechnen)sindare1,6sixteenKilometerkilometereineone MarkMeile.mile - 150
The International Traffic Signs are valid everywhere in Europe.
Überalleverywhereinin BonnEuropaEuropageltenbe valid, hold gooddiethe embassyInternationaleninternationalVerkehrszeichen.traffic sign, signal - 151
I heard that I was permitted to drive everywhere in Europe with this driver's licence.
IchI have heardhörte,I have heardichIdürfteto be allowedüberalleverywhereinin BonnEuropaEuropamitsausage and sauerkrautdiesemthis (dative)Führerscheindriver's licencefahren.go, ride (in a vehicle) - 152
That is not quite so; that is not the case everywhere.
Dasthat's rightstimmtthat's rightnichtnot ... eitherganz,quiteüberalleverywhereistisdasthatnichtnot ... eitherderthe airportFall.case - 153
I looked everywhere in the house and did not find the leaflet.
IchIsuchtelook for (I)überalleverywhereimin theHaushouseundandhabehave (I)dasinstruction sheetMerkblattinstruction sheetnichtnot ... eithergefunden.found (participle) - 154
Where have you been all over Europe?
WowheresindareSiewould you likeüberalleverywhereinin BonnEuropaEuropagewesen?she was - 155
Please check whether there is enough anti-freeze in the radiator.
Bittepleaseprüfentest, checkSie,would you likeobwhethergenugenoughFrostschutzanti-freezeimin theKühlercoolerist.is - 156
I checked not only the oil and the water, but also the battery and the tires.
IchIprüftetest, checknichtnot ... eithernuronlyÖl-oilundandWasserstand,water levelsondernbut ratherauchalso, toodiebatteryBatteriebatteryundanddiethe embassyReifen.tire - 157
Mr. Allen wanted the tire pressure checked.
HerrMr.AllenAllenwolltehe wanteddentheReifendrucktire pressureprüfentest, checklassen.have something soled
- 158
I thought the attendant checked everything.
IchIdachte,thoughtderpump attendantTankwartpump attendantprüftetest, checkalles.everything - 159
The students are examined at the end of the year.
Diethe embassyStudentenstudentswerden(future auxiliary)ambestEndeenddesof the French authorJahresyear (genitive)geprüft.checked (prüfen) - 160
In Germany in the driving test the theoretical knowledge of the driver is also examined.
Inin BonnDeutschlandGermanyprüfttest, checkmanone, youbeigetting the passport checkedderthe airportFahrprüfungdriving testauchalso, toodiethe embassytheoretischentheoreticalKenntnisseknowledge (plural)desof the French authorFahrers.driver - 161
uneven road
UnebeneunevenFahrbahnroadway - 162
dangerous curve
GefährlichedangerousKurvecurve - 163
right curve
Rechtskurvecurve to the right - 164
double curve, first to right
Doppelkurve,double curveersteonly, not untilrechtsto the right - 165
road intersection
Kreuzungintersection - 166
traffic circle
Kreisverkehrtraffic circlerechtsto the right
- 167
level crossing with gates
Beschrankterwith gates (railroad crossing)Bahnübergangrailroad crossing - 168
level crossing without gates
Unbeschrankterwithout gates (railroad crossing)Bahnübergangrailroad crossing - 169
level crossing without gates
Unbeschrankterwithout gates (railroad crossing)Bahnübergangrailroad crossing - 170
dangerous hill
GefährlichesdangerousGefälleto please - 171
road narrows
Engpassbottleneck, narrow passage - 172
opening bridge
BeweglichemovableBrückebridge - 173
road works
Baustelleconstruction site, road work - 174
slippery road
Schleudergefahrdanger of skidding - 175
pedestrian crossing
FussgängerpedestrianÜberwegcrosswalk
- 176
watch out for children
Kinderchildren - 177
cattle crossing
Tiereanimal (plural) - 178
intersection with a non-priority road
Kreuzungintersectionmitsausage and sauerkrautStrassestreetohnewithoutVorfahrtsrechtright of way - 179
deer crossing
Wildwechseldeer crossing - 180
unspecified danger
Allgem.Allgem. (Allgemeine)Gefahrenstelledanger spot - 181
priority road ahead
Vorfahrtright of wayachteneighth - 182
two-way traffic on narrow road
Gegenverkehroncoming traffic
Translation Drill 1
- 183
Mr. Allen asked whether it was so that all cars in Germany had semaphores.
AllenAllenfragte,ask (I)obwhetheresitstimmte,that's rightdassthatalleallWagenin your carinin BonnDeutschlandGermanyWinkersemaphorehätten.I'd like to have, I'm interested (in having) - 184
Mr. Becker explained to him that one also saw many cars with directional lights there.
BeckerMr. Beckererklärteexplained (erklären)ihm,himdassthatmanone, youdortthereauchalso, toovielemanyWagenin your carmitsausage and sauerkrautBlinkerndirectional lightsähe.saw (sehen) - 185
If Mr. Allen took his car along, he wouldn't have to have semaphores put on.
Wennwhen, ifAllenAllenseinenhis (accusative)Wagenin your carmitnähme,would take along (mitnehmen, unreal)müssteought to, shoulderhe, itkeineno, not anyWinkersemaphoreanbringenput onlassen.have something soled - 186
Most German drivers, according to Mr. Becker, give hand signals only when the directionals don't function.
Handzeichen,hand signalmeintemyBecker,Mr. Beckergäbengavediemost (pl)meistenmost (pl)deutschenGermansAutofahrermotoristnuronlydann,thenwennwhen, ifdiethe embassyRichtungsanzeigerdirection indicator, turn signalnichtnot ... eitherfunktionierten.was working - 187
People who drive tractors or bicyclists and motorcyclists ought always to give hand signals.
Leute,peoplediethe embassyTraktorentractor (plural)fahren,go, ride (in a vehicle)oderorRadfahrerbicyclistundandMotorradfahrermotorcyclistsolltenhe is supposed toimmeralwaysHandzeichenhand signalgeben.give - 188
Traffic policemen direct traffic and also issue tickets.
Verkehrspolizistentraffic policeman (plural)regelnregulate, directdentheVerkehrtrafficundandschreibenwriteauchalso, tooStrafzettelticket, punishment slipaus.out of, from - 189
Traffic lights, traffic signs and symbols are different in Europe than the American ones, one told Mr. Allen.
Verkehrsampeln,traffic light (plural)Verkehrsschildertraffic sign (plural)undandVerkehrszeichentraffic sign, signalinin BonnEuropaEuropawärenyou would be, you wereandersdifferentalsthandiethe embassyamerikanischen,Americansagtesay, tell (du-command of sagen)manone, youHerrnMr.Allen.Allen - 190
The International Traffic Signs are valid in all of Europe.
Diethe embassyInternationaleninternationalVerkehrszeichentraffic sign, signalgeltenbe valid, hold goodinin BonnganzquiteEuropa.Europa - 191
To drive without knowledge of these signs would not be advisable.
OhnewithoutKenntnisknowledgedieserthisSchildersign (plural)zuto be declaredfahrengo, ride (in a vehicle)wärewould benichtnot ... eitherratsam.advisable - 192
Allen was supposed to get acquainted with the traffic regulations and with the most important traffic signs such as, one way street, right of way, maximum speed, no parking, bicycle path.
AllenAllensolltehe is supposed tosichto get used (to something)mitsausage and sauerkrautderthe airportStrassenverkehrsordnungtraffic regulationundandmitsausage and sauerkrautdenthewichtigstenimportantVerkehrszeichen,traffic sign, signalwie:howEinbahnstrasse,one-way streetVorfahrtsrecht,right of wayHöchstgeschwindigkeit,speed limitParkverbot,no parkingRadfahrweg,bicycle pathvertrautbecome conversant withmachen.make, do - 193
He asked then whether he could get a leaflet with these traffic signs.
Erhe, itfragteask (I)dann,thenobwhethererhe, iteinone yearMerkblattinstruction sheetmitsausage and sauerkrautdiesenthis (accusative)Verkehrszeichentraffic sign, signalbekäme.to get out - 194
Then he wanted to know whether he could get the International Driver's Licence, with which he could drive everywhere in Europe, on the basis of his American driver's licence.
Dannthenwolltehe wantederhe, itwissen,knowobwhethererhe, itdentheInternationaleninternationalFührerschein,driver's licencemitsausage and sauerkrautdemwith the waitererhe, itüberalleverywhereinin BonnEuropaEuropafahrengo, ride (in a vehicle)dürfte,to be allowedaufon the basisGrundon the basisseinesof hisamerikanischenAmericanFührerscheinsdriver's licencebekäme.to get out - 195
He would not be permitted to teach his wife to drive in Germany.
Erhe, itdürfteto be allowedseinerhis (dative)FrauMrs.inin BonnDeutschlandGermanydasthatFahrengo, ride (in a vehicle)nichtnot ... eitherbeibringen.teach
Translation Drill 2
- 196
She would have to visit a driving school to get a driver's licence.
Siewould you likemüssteought to, shouldeineone MarkFahrschuledriving schoolbesuchenvisitumaroundeinena walkFührerscheindriver's licencezuto be declarederwerben.acquire - 197
There she would also receive theoretical instruction.
Dorttherebekämeto get outsiewould you likeauchalso, tootheoretischentheoreticalUnterricht.instruction - 198
Afterward she would be able to do what her husband certainly never does himself, as for example repair the generator and clean the spark plugs.
Danachafter thatkönnteto be able tosiewould you likedasthattun,dowaswhatihrherMannmansichersurely, certainlynieneverselbstyourselftut,he doeswiehowzumto the customs officeBeispielfor instance, e.g.diegeneratorLichtmaschinegeneratorreparierenrepair, fixundanddiethe embassyZündkerzenspark plug (plural)reinigen.clean - 199
Such knowledge is also expected from a woman in the German driving examination.
SolchesuchKenntnisseknowledge (plural)werden(future auxiliary)auchalso, toobeigetting the passport checkedeinera (dative)FrauMrs.inin Bonneinera (dative)deutschenGermansFahrprüfungdriving testvorausgesetzt.provided that (voraussetzen) - 200
Therefore send your wife to a German driving school.
SchickensendSiewould you likeIhreher, theirFrauMrs.alsowellaufin Germaneineone MarkdeutscheGerman (lady)Fahrschule.driving school - 201
Then she will always check the oil and the battery.
Siewould you likewirdhe, it will bedannthenimmeralwaysdentheÖlstandoil levelundanddiebatteryBatteriebatteryprüfen.test, check - 202
Mr. Allen had unfortunately no idea how one converted Fahrenheit into Centigrade and how much ai pressure he needed in atü.
HerrMr.AllenAllenhattehadleiderunfortunatelykeineno, not anyAhnung,suspicion, ideawiehowmanone, youFahrenheitFahrenheitinin BonnCelsiusCelsiusumrechnet,converts (umrechnen)undandwievielhow muchatüatüReifendrucktire pressureerhe, itbrauchte.need (I) - 203
He also didn't know whether his anti-freeze sufficed.
Erhe, itwussteI knewauchnot ... eithernicht,not ... eitherobwhetherseinbeFrostschutzmittelanti-freezeausreichte.be sufficient - 204
But he noticed that the left rear tire needed somewhat more air.
Aberbuterhe, itbemerkte,remarked (bemerken)dassthatderthe airportlinkeleft (in der linken Hand: in the left hand)Hinterreifenrear tireetwassome breadmehrmore, leftLuftairbrauchte.need (I) - 205
The attendant told him he should drive to the air pump.
Derpump attendantTankwartpump attendantsagtesay, tell (du-command of sagen)ihm,himerhe, itsolltehe is supposed toanat, ondieair pumpLuftpumpeair pumpfahren.go, ride (in a vehicle) - 206
He drove so fast to the air pump that he broke it.
Erhe, itfuhrdrovesososchnellfastanat, ondieair pumpLuftpumpe,air pumpdassthatdiesethese two suitcaseskaputtout of orderging.went (gehen) - 207
Then the attendant cleaned the windshield.
Dannthenputzteto polishderpump attendantTankwartpump attendantdiewindshieldWindschutzscheibe.windshield
Response Drill 1
- 208
What did they tell Herrn Allen about cars in Germany?
Waswhatsagtesay, tell (du-command of sagen)manone, youHerrnMr.AllenAllenübervia, aboutdiethe embassyWagenin your carinin BonnDeutschland?Germany - 209
He was told that they had semaphore turn signals.
Manone, yousagtesay, tell (du-command of sagen)ihm,himdassthatsiewould you likeWinkersemaphorehätten.I'd like to have, I'm interested (in having) - 210
Do all cars really have turn signals?
HabenhavewirklichreallyalleallWagenin your carWinker?semaphore - 211
No, you also see cars with turn signals everywhere.
Nein,nomanone, yousiehtsees (he, she, it)auchalso, tooüberalleverywhereWagenin your carmitsausage and sauerkrautBlinkern.directional light - 212
Do drivers in Germany use hand signals?
GebengiveAutofahrermotoristinin BonnDeutschlandGermanyHandzeichen?hand signal - 213
Yes, if their turn signals are not working.
Ja,yeswennwhen, ifihreher, theirRichtungsanzeigerdirection indicator, turn signalnichtnot ... eitherfunktionieren.function, work - 214
Who should always use hand signals, however?
Werwhosolltehe is supposed toaberbutimmeralwaysHandzeichenhand signalgeben?give - 215
All bicyclists, motorcyclists, and people in the country who drive tractors should use hand signals.
AlleallRadfahrer,bicyclistMotorradfahrermotorcyclistundandLeutepeopleaufin the countrydemin the countryLand,in the countrydiethe embassymitsausage and sauerkrautTraktorentractor (plural)fahren,go, ride (in a vehicle)solltenhe is supposed toHandzeichenhand signalgeben.give - 216
Do police officers direct traffic, and what else do they do?
Regelnregulate, directPolizistenpoliceman (accusative/dative)dentheVerkehrtrafficundandwaswhattundosiewould you likenoch?still, yet - 217
They direct traffic, sometimes even where there are traffic lights, and they like to issue tickets.
Siewould you likeregelnregulate, directdentheVerkehr,trafficmanchmalsometimes, occasionallyauchalso, toodort,therewowhereesitVerkehrsampelntraffic light (plural)gibtgives (he, she, it)undandsiewould you likeschreibenwritegernI'd like very muchStrafzettelticket, punishment slipaus.out of, from - 218
What did Allen hear about traffic signs and signals?
WaswhathörteI have heardAllenAllenübervia, aboutVerkehrsschildertraffic sign (plural)undand-zeichen?sign - 219
He heard that they were different from the American ones.
Erhe, ithörte,I have hearddassthatsiewould you likeandersdifferentalsthandiethe embassyamerikanischenAmericanwären.you would be, you were - 220
What did Becker say about the traffic signs over there?
Waswhatsagtesay, tell (du-command of sagen)BeckerMr. Beckerübervia, aboutdiethe embassyVerkehrszeichentraffic sign, signaldrüben?over there - 221
He said that international traffic signs are used in the Federal Republic, as throughout Europe.
Erhe, itsagte,say, tell (du-command of sagen)dassthatinin Bonnderthe airportBundesrepublikBundesrepublikwiehowinin BonnganzquiteEuropaEuropadiethe embassyInternationaleninternationalVerkehrszeichentraffic sign, signalgelten.be valid, hold good - 222
Did Becker think one could drive without knowing these signs?
Glaubtebelieve (I)Becker,Mr. Beckerdassthatmanone, youohnewithoutKenntnisknowledgedieserthisSchildersign (plural)fahrengo, ride (in a vehicle)könnte?to be able to - 223
He thought it would not be advisable.
Erhe, itmeinte,myesitwärewould benichtnot ... eitherratsam.advisable - 224
What was Allen supposed to familiarize himself with?
Womitwith whatsolltehe is supposed toAllenAllensichto get used (to something)vertrautbecome conversant withmachen?make, do - 225
He was supposed to familiarize himself with the traffic regulations and the most important road signs.
Erhe, itsolltehe is supposed tosichto get used (to something)mitsausage and sauerkrautderthe airportStrassenverkehrsordnungtraffic regulationundandmitsausage and sauerkrautdenthewichtigstenimportantVerkehrszeichentraffic sign, signalvertrautbecome conversant withmachen.make, do - 226
What would some examples be?
Welchewhichwärenyou would be, you weredasthatzumto the customs officeBeispiel?for instance, e.g. - 227
These would include, for example, the traffic signs for one-way streets, bicycle paths, right of way, and speed limits.
Dasthatwärenyou would be, you werezumto the customs officeBeispielfor instance, e.g.diethe embassyVerkehrszeichentraffic sign, signalfürforEinbahnstrassen,one-way street (plural)Radfahrwege,bicycle path (plural)Vorfahrtsrechtright of wayundandHöchstgeschwindigkeiten.speed limit (plural) - 228
How does Herr Allen think he could learn that easily?
WiehowmeintmyHerrMr.Allen,Allenkönnteto be able toerhe, itdasthatleichtlight-weightlernen?to learn - 229
He thinks he could certainly learn that easily if he were given a reference sheet with all these signs.
Erhe, itmeint,myerhe, itkönnteto be able todasthatsichersurely, certainlyleichtlight-weightlernen,to learnwennwhen, iferhe, iteinone yearMerkblattinstruction sheetmitsausage and sauerkrautallall (all- before endings)diesenthis (accusative)Zeichensignbekäme.to get out - 230
What was he told about the International Driving Permit?
Waswhathathaves (he, she, it)manone, youihmhimübervia, aboutdentheInternationaleninternationalFührerscheindriver's licencegesagt?he said - 231
He was told he would receive it on the basis of his American driver's license.
Manone, yousagtesay, tell (du-command of sagen)ihm,himerhe, itbekämeto get outihnhimaufon the basisGrundon the basisseinesof hisamerikanischenAmericanFührerscheins.driver's licence - 232
Where would he be allowed to drive it?
Wowheredürfteto be allowederhe, itdamitwith itfahren?go, ride (in a vehicle) - 233
He would be permitted to drive with it anywhere in Europe.
Erhe, itdürfteto be alloweddamitwith itüberalleverywhereinin BonnEuropaEuropafahren.go, ride (in a vehicle)
Response Drill 2
- 234
What would one have to do to obtain a driver's license in Germany?
Waswhatmüssteought to, shouldmanone, youtun,doumaroundinin BonnDeutschlandGermanyeinena walkFührerscheindriver's licencezuto be declarederwerben?acquire - 235
One would have to attend a driving school, where one would also receive classroom instruction.
Manone, youmüssteought to, shouldeineone MarkFahrschuledriving schoolbesuchen,visitwowheremanone, youauchalso, tootheoretischentheoreticalUnterrichtinstructionbekäme.to get out - 236
What would one have to learn in the classroom instruction?
Waswhatmüssteought to, shouldmanone, youimin thetheoretischentheoreticalUnterrichtinstructionlernen?to learn - 237
One would have to learn how the engine works, how the spark plugs work, and what the carburetor and generator are for.
Manone, youmüssteought to, shouldlernen,to learnwiehowdiethe embassyArbeitsvorgängeoperation, workings (plural)imin theMotormotorsind,arewiehowdiethe embassyZündkerzenspark plug (plural)arbeiten,workwozuwhat fordercarburetorVergasercarburetorundanddiegeneratorLichtmaschinegeneratordatheresind.are
Narrative
- 238
A drunk man was questioned by the police about a traffic accident he had caused.
Einone yearBetrunkenerdrunkwurdehe, it will bewegenon account ofeinesof aVerkehrsunfalls,traffic accidentdentheerhe, itverursachtcausehatte,hadvonofderthe airportPolizeipolicevernommen.questioned, interrogated (vernehmen) - 239
When asked whether he did not know that a drunk person was not allowed to drive, he replied: "Since I wasn't sober, it did not occur to me that I was drunk and therefore was not allowed to drive.
Aufin Germandiequestion, problemFrage,question, problemobwhethererhe, itdenn(no English equivalent. Unstressed particle expressing polite interest or concern.)nichtnot ... eitherwüsste,-wusst (gewusst: known, wissen)dassthateinone yearBetrunkenerdrunknichtnot ... eitherfahrengo, ride (in a vehicle)dürfte,to be allowedantworteteanswered (antworten)er:he, it"DathereichInichtnot ... eithernüchternsoberwar,waskamsomething arose, developedmirme, to menichtnot ... eitherderthought, ideaGedanke,thought, ideadassthatichIeinone yearBetrunkenerdrunkwäre,would bealsowellnichtnot ... eitherfahrengo, ride (in a vehicle)dürfte.to be allowed - 240
If I had been sober, I would of course have known that, as a drunk man, I was not allowed to drive."
Wärewould beichInüchternsobergewesen,she washätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)ichInatürlichof course, naturallygewusst,-wusst (gewusst: known, wissen)dassthatichIalsthanBetrunkenerdrunknichtnot ... eitherfahrengo, ride (in a vehicle)dürfte."to be allowed - 241
she: If you were my husband, I would give you poison.
sie:you would be, you wereWärenyou would be, you wereSiewould you likemeinmy husband (subject)Mann,my husband (subject)gäbegaveichIIhnento you, with youGift.poison - 242
he: If you were my wife, I would take it.
er:he, itHätteI'd like to have, I'm interested (in having)ichISiewould you likezurto theFrau,Mrs.nähmetook (nehmen)ichIes.it
The particulars
- The course
- Foreign Service Institute, German Basic Course, Washington, 1961. Public domain. The teaching pages, the glosses and the narration of lines the tape lacks are ours.
- Reading aloud
- Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
- The app
- The course on your phone, with the drills, your place kept and the audio offline.
- The book
- New Poems, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents