Lessons LI to LIII

§908. INFINITIVE

INFINITIVE
PRES.   λύειν (λύμεν, λύμεναι, λυέμεν, λυέμεναι)   to loose, to be loosing
FUT.    λῡ́σειν (λῡσέμεν, λῡσέμεναι)                to loose, to be about to loose, to be loosing
AOR.    λῦσαι (λῡσάμεν, λῡσάμεναι)                 to loose, to have loosed.
PERF.   λελυκέμεν, λελυκέ(με)ναι                   to loose, to have loosed.
Read the notes at the end of 905.
PERF. λελυκέμεν, λελυκέ(με)ναι: Not found in Homer; see note 3, 905.

§909. PARTICIPLE

PRES.   λύων, ουσα, ον (740)       loosing
FUT.    λῡ́σων, σουσα, σον          (being) about to loose, desiring to loose
AOR.    λῡ́σᾱς, σᾱσα, σαν (741)     having loosed
PERF.   λελυκώς, κυῖα, κός (744)   having loosed
PERF. λελυκώς, κυῖα, κός (744): Not found in Homer; see note 3, 905.

§914. INFINITIVE

INFINITIVE
PRES.      λύεσθαι      to loose (for) one's self, to be loosed
FUT.       λῡ́σεσθαι     to loose (for) one's self, to be loosed, to be about to be loosed
AOR.       λῦσασθαι     to loose (for) one's self, to be loosed, to have loosed
PERF.      λέλυσθαι     to loose (for) one's self, to be loosed, to have loosed
F. PERF.   λελῡ́σεσθαι   to loose (for) one's self, to be loosed
Read the note on 905.

§915. PARTICIPLE

PRES.        λυόμενος, η, ον      loosing (for) one’s self, being loosed.
FUT.         λῡσόμενος, η, ον     being about to loose (for) one’s self, being about to be loosed, desiring to loose, . . . etc.
AOR.         λῡσάμενος, η, ον     having loosed (for) one’s self, having been loosed
PERF.        λελυμένος, η, ον     having loosed (for) one’s self, having been loosed.
FUT. PERF.   λελῡσόμενος, η, ον   being about to have loosed (for) one’s self, being about to have been loosed

§920. INFINITIVE

λυθῆναι (λυθήμεναι)   to be loosed, to have been loosed

§921. PARTICIPLE

λυθείς, εἶσα, ἐν (742)   having been loosed

§735. Declension of Participles

All middle and passive participles, except those of the first and second aorist passive, are declined like κᾱλός, ή, όν (721).

§736. All active participles (except the perfect, 744) and both first and second aorist passive participles have stems in -ντ. The masculine and neuter are of the third declension, the feminine of the first.

§737. The vocative of participles has the same form as the nominative.

§738. Participles with stems in οντ usually have the nominative singular masculine in -ων, as γέρων 693.

§739. But the present and second aorist of -μι verbs (διδούς, δούς), and all stems ending in αντ, εντ, υντ, add ς, lose ντ (613), and lengthen the preceding vowel (giving ους, ᾱς, εις, ῡς 601). The dative plural of these stems is similarly formed.

§740. Participles with stems in οντ, ending in -ων, ουσα, ον in the nominative singular:

λύων, ουσα, ον loosing, freeing (λυοντ-, λυοντι̯α-, λυοντ-), Singular
N. V.   λύων      λύουσα    λύον
G.      λύοντος   λυούσης   λύοντος
D.      λύοντι    λυούσῃ    λύοντι
A.      λύοντα    λύουσαν   λύον

λύων, ουσα, ον, Dual
N. A. V.   λύοντε     λυούσᾱ    λύοντε
G. D.      λυόντοιν   λυούσῃν   λυόντοιν

§741. Participles with stems in οντ, αντ, εντ, υντ, ending in s in the nominative singular masculine:

Present Participle: διδούς, οὖσα, όν giving (διδοντ-, διδοντι̯α-, διδοντ-), Singular
        Masc.      Fem.       Neut.
N. V.   διδούς     διδοῦσα    διδόν
G.      διδόντος   διδούσης   διδόντος
D.      διδόντι    διδούσῃ    διδόντι
A.      διδόντα    διδοῦσαν   διδόν

διδούς, οὖσα, όν, Dual
N. A. V.   διδόντε     διδοῦσᾱ    διδόντε
G. D.      διδόντοιν   διδούσῃν   διδόντοιν

διδούς, οὖσα, όν, Plural
N. V.   διδόντες                διδοῦσαι              διδόντα
G.      διδόντων                διδουσάων [έων, ὢν]   διδόντων
D.      διδόντεσ(σ)ι, διδοῦσι   διδούσῃσι, διδούσῃς   διδόντεσ(σ)ι, διδοῦσι
A.      διδόντας                διδούσᾱς              διδόντα

Aorist Participle: λύσᾱς, ᾱσα, αν having loosed (λῡσαντ-, λῡσαντι̯α-, λῡσαντ-), Singular
        Masc.      Fem.      Neut.
N. V.   λύσᾱς      λύσᾱσα    λῦσαν
G.      λύσαντος   λῡσάσης   λύσαντος
D.      λύσαντι    λῡσάσῃ    λύσαντι
A.      λύσαντα    λύσᾱσαν   λῦσαν

λύσᾱς, ᾱσα, αν, Dual
N. A. V.   λύσαντε     λῡσᾱ́σᾱ    λύσαντε
G. D.      λῡσάντοιν   λῡσάσῃν   λῡσάντοιν

λύσᾱς, ᾱσα, αν, Plural
N. V.   λύσαντες               λύσᾱσαι              λύσαντα
G.      λῡσάντων               λῡσᾱσάων [έων, ὢν]   λῡσάντων
D.      λῡσάντεσ(σ)ι, λύσᾱσι   λῡσάσῃσι, λῡσάσῃς    λῡσάντεσ(σ)ι, λύσᾱσι
A.      λύσαντας               λῡσάσᾱς              λύσαντα

§742. Aorist Passive Participle: λυθείς, εἶσα, έν (having been) loosed (λυθεντ-, λυθεντι̯α-, λυθεντ-), Singular
        Masc.      Fem.       Neut.
N. V.   λυθείς     λυθεῖσα    λυθέν
G.      λυθέντος   λυθείσης   λυθέντος
D.      λυθέντι    λυθείσῃ    λυθέντι
A.      λυθέντα    λυθεῖσαν   λυθέν

λυθείς, εἶσα, έν, Dual
N. A. V.   λυθέντε     λυθείσᾱ    λυθέντε
G. D.      λυθέντοιν   λυθείσῃν   λυθέντοιν

λυθείς, εἶσα, έν, Plural
N. V.   λυθέντες                λυθεῖσαι              λυθέντα
G.      λυθέντων                λυθεισάων [έων, ὢν]   λυθέντων
D.      λυθέντεσ(σ)ι, λυθεῖσι   λυθείσῃσι, λυθείσῃς   λυθέντεσ(σ)ι, λυθεῖσι
A.      λυθέντας                λυθείσᾱς              λυθέντα

§743. Second Aorist Active Participle: δύς, δῦσα, δύν having entered (δυντ-, δυντι̯α-, δυντ-), Singular
        Masc.    Fem.    Neut.
N. V.   δύς      δῦσα    δύν
G.      δύντος   δύσης   δύντος
D.      δύντι    δύσῃ    δύντι
A.      δύντα    δῦσαν   δύν

δύς, δῦσα, δύν, Dual
N. A. V.   δύντε     δῦσᾱ    δύντε
G. D.      δύντοιν   δύσῃν   δύντοιν

δύς, δῦσα, δύν, Plural
N. V.   δύντες             δῦσαι              δύντα
G.      δύντων             δῡσάων [έων, ὢν]   δύντων
D.      δύντεσ(σ)ι, δῦσι   δύσῃσι, δύσῃς      δύντεσ(σ)ι, δῦσι
A.      δύντας             δύσᾱς              δύντα

§744. Perfect Active Participles

Perfect active participles have stems in (κ)οτ. Those which have κ are called first perfects, those without κ second perfects.

λελυκώς, υἷα, ός having loosed (λελυκοτ-, λελυκυσι̯α-, λελυκοτ-), Singular
        Masc.       Fem.        Neut.
N. V.   λελυκώς     λελυκυῖα    λελυκός
G.      λελυκότος   λελυκυίης   λελυκότος
D.      λελυκότι    λελυκυίῃ    λελυκότι
A.      λελυκότα    λελυκυῖαν   λελυκός

λελυκώς, υἷα, ός, Dual
N. A. V.   λελυκότε     λελυκυίᾱ     λελυκότε
G. D.      λελυκότοιν   λελυκυίηιν   λελυκότοιν

λελυκώς, υἷα, ός, Plural
N. V.   λελυκότες                 λελυκυῖαι               λελυκόται
G.      λελυκότων                 λελυκυιάων [έων, ὢν]    λελυκότων
D.      λελυκότεσ(σ)ι, λελυκόσι   λελυκυίῃσι, λελυκυίης   λελυκότεσ(σ)ι, λελυκόσι
A.      λελυκότας                 λελυκυίᾱς               λελυκότα

εἰδώς, (ε)ἰδυῖα, εἰδός knowing (Ϝειδϝοτ-, Ϝ(ε)ιδϝυσι̯α-, Ϝειδϝοτ-), Singular
        Masc.     Fem.        Neut.
N. V.   εἰδώς     (ε)ἰδυῖα    εἰδός
G.      εἰδότος   (ε)ἰδυίης   εἰδότος
D.      εἰδότι    (ε)ἰδυίῃ    εἰδότι
A.      εἰδότα    (ε)ἰδυῖαν   εἰδός

εἰδώς, (ε)ἰδυῖα, εἰδός, Dual
N. A. V.   εἰδότε     (ε)ἰδυίᾱ     εἰδότε
G.         εἰδότοιν   (ε)ἰδυίηιν   εἰδότοιν

εἰδώς, (ε)ἰδυῖα, εἰδός, Plural
N. V.   εἰδότες               (ε)ἰδυῖαι               εἰδότα
G.      εἰδότων               (ε)ἰδυιάων [έων, ὢν]    εἰδότων
D.      εἰδότεσ(σ)ι, εἰδόσι   (ε)ἰδυίῃσι, (ε)ἰδυίης   εἰδότεσ(σ)ι, εἰδόσι
A.      εἰδότας               (ε)ἰδυίᾱς               εἰδότα

NOTE 1. λελυκώς, υἷα, ός does not occur in Homer, and there are very few first perfects in Homeric Greek. The forms of the first perfect participle, as given above are common in later Greek.

NOTE 2. Perfect participles are often declined with ω instead of ο throughout; and at times end in -ων, -ουσα, -ον and are inflected with the same endings as the present participle.

§745. Participles of contract verbs, 936–944 (usually left uncontracted) are declined in their contracted forms as follows:

τῑμῶν, οὖσα, ὦν (τῑμάων, άουσα, άον) honoring (τῑμαοντ-, τῑμαοντι̯α-, τῑμαοντ-), Singular
        Masc.      Fem.      Neut.
N. V.   τῑμῶν      τῑμῶσα    τῑμῶν
G.      τῑμῶντος   τῑμώσης   τῑμῶντος
D.      τῑμῶντι    τῑμώσῃ    τῑμῶντι
A.      τῑμῶντα    τῑμῶσαν   τῑμῶν

τῑμῶν, οὖσα, ὦν, Dual
N. A. V.   τῑμῶντε     τῑμώσᾱ    τῑμῶντε
G. D.      τῑμώντοιν   τῑμώσῃν   τῑμώντοιν

τῑμῶν, οὖσα, ὦν, Plural
N. V.   τῑμῶντες               τῑμῶσαι              τῑμῶντα
G.      τῑμώντων               τῑμωσάων [έων, ὢν]   τῑμώντων
D.      τῑμώντεσ(σ)ι, τῑμῶσι   τῑμώσῃσι, τῑμώσῃς    τῑμώντεσ(σ)ι, τῑμῶσι
A.      τῑμώντας               τῑμώσᾱς              τῑμώντα

ποιῶν, εὖσα, εὖν (έων, έουσα, έον) (ποιεοντ-, ποιεοντι̯α-, ποιεοντ-), Singular
        Masc.       Fem.       Neut.
N. V.   ποιῶν       ποιεῦσα    ποιεῦν
G.      ποιεῦντος   ποιεύσης   ποιεῦντος
D.      ποιεῦντι    ποιεύσῃ    ποιεῦντι
A.      ποιεῦντα    ποιεῦσαν   ποιεῦν

ποιῶν, εὖσα, εὖν, Dual
N. A. V.   ποιεῦντε     ποιεύσᾱ    ποιεῦντε
G. D.      ποιεύντοιν   ποιεύσῃν   ποιεύντοιν

ποιῶν, εὖσα, εὖν, Plural (concludes on ia/314, the page on which 746 begins)
N. V.   ποιεῦντες                ποιεῦσαι              ποιεῦντα
G.      ποιεύντων                ποιευσάων [έων, ὢν]   ποιεύντων
D.      ποιεύντεσ(σ)ι, ποιεῦσι   ποιεύσῃσι, ποιεύσῃς   ποιεύντεσ(σ)ι, ποιεῦσι
A.      ποιεῦντας                ποιεύσᾱς              ποιεῦντα

§746. The participles of -ω contract verbs (as χολόω anger) end in -ῶν, οὖσα, οὖν (as χολῶν, χολοῦσα, χολοῦν) in the nominative singular, and are quite regular in their declension, the genitive being χολοῦντος, χολούσης, χολοῦντος; the dative being χολοῦντι, χολούσῃ, χολοῦντι, etc.

§904. Conjugation of λῡ́-ω I loose
Observe that the υ of λύω is long only when followed by σ; otherwise it is short.

Active

Indicative

Present
        Greek    English
S. 1    λύω      I loose, am loosing, do loose
2       λύεις    you loose, are loosing, do loose
3       λύει     he looses, is loosing, does loose
Du. 2   λύετον   you two loose, etc.
3       λύετον   they two loose, etc.
Pl. 1   λύομεν   we loose, etc.
2       λύετε    you loose, etc.
3       λύουσι   they loose, etc.

Imperfect
        Greek     English
S. 1    ἔλυον     I was loosing; I loosed, did loose
2       ἔλυες     you were loosing, you loosed, did loose
3       ἔλυε      he was loosing, he loosed, did loose
Du. 2   ἐλύετον   you two were loosing, etc.
3       ἐλυέτην   they two were loosing, etc.
Pl. 1   ἐλύομεν   we were loosing, etc.
2       ἐλύετε    you were loosing, etc.
3       ἔλυον     they were loosing, etc.

Future
        Greek     English
S. 1    λῡ́σω      I shall (will) loose
2       λῡ́σεις    you will (shall) loose
3       λῡ́σει     he will (shall) loose
Du. 2   λῡ́σετον   you two will (shall) loose
3       λῡ́σετον   they two will (shall) loose
Pl. 1   λῡ́σομεν   we shall (will) loose
2       λῡ́σετε    you will (shall) loose
3       λῡ́σουσι   they will (shall) loose

Aorist
        Greek      English
S. 1    ἔλῡσα      I loosed, did loose
2       ἔλῡσας     you loosed, did loose
3       ἔλῡσε      he loosed, did loose
Du. 2   ἐλῡ́σατον   you two loosed, did loose
3       ἐλῡσάτην   they two loosed, did loose
Pl. 1   ἐλῡ́σαμεν   we loosed, did loose
2       ἐλῡ́σατε    you loosed, did loose
3       ἔλῡσαν     they loosed, did loose

Perfect
        Greek       English
S. 1    λέλυκα      I have loosed
2       λέλυκας     you have loosed
3       λέλυκε      he has loosed
Du. 2   λελύκατον   you two have loosed
3       λελύκατον   they two have loosed
Pl. 1   λελύκαμεν   we have loosed
2       λελύκατε    you have loosed
3       λελύκᾱσι    they have loosed
The perfect of λύω is not found in Homer, but these are the ordinary forms in Attic Greek. For the Homeric perfect system see 922-924, 966.

Pluperfect
        Greek             English
S. 1    ἐλελύκη (-εα)     I had loosed
2       ἐλελύκης (-εας)   you had loosed
3       ἐλελύκει (-εε)    he had loosed
Du. 2   ἐλελύκετον        you two had loosed
3       ἐλελυκέτην        they two had loosed
Pl. 1   ἐλελύκεμεν        we had loosed
2       ἐλελύκετε         you had loosed
3       ἐλελύκεσαν        they had loosed

§905. The Subjunctive

Present
        Greek      English
S. 1    λύω(μι)    I may loose
2       λύῃς(θα)   you may loose
3       λύῃ(σι)    he may loose
Du. 2   λύητον     you two may loose
3       λύητον     they two may loose
Pl. 1   λύωμεν     we may loose
2       λύητε      you may loose
3       λύωσι      they may loose
See footnote 1 on next page.
I may loose: See footnote 2 on next page.

Aorist
        Greek       English
S. 1    λῡ́σω(μι)    I may loose
2       λῡ́σῃς(θα)   you may loose
3       λῡ́σῃ(σι)    he may loose
Du. 2   λῡ́σητον     you two may loose
3       λῡ́σητον     they two may loose
Pl. 1   λῡ́σωμεν     we may loose
2       λῡ́σητε      you may loose
3       λῡ́σωσι      they may loose
Also let me loose, and various other meanings which must be learned from the syntax.
I may loose: Not found in Homer; see note 1, p. 283. The subjunct. and optat. perfect are very rare in Homer.

Perfect
        Greek         English
S. 1    λελύκω        I may loose
2       λελύκης(θα)   you may loose
3       λελύκη(σι)    he may loose
Du. 2   λελύκητον     you two may loose
3       λελύκητον     they two may loose
Pl. 1   λελύκωμεν     we may loose
2       λελύκητε      you may loose
3       λελύκωσι      they may loose
The different tenses of the subjunctive, optative, imperative, and infinitive, do not of themselves represent distinctions of time. The present of these tenses denotes continuance of action, as λύειν (pres. infin.) to be loosing (at any time).

The aorist denotes simply the occurrence of an action, its time being exactly the same as the present, as λῦσαι (aor. inf.) to loose (at any time).

The perfect denotes completion of an action, as λελυκέμεν (perf. inf.) to have loosed (at any time).

§906. Optative

Present
         Greek       English
S. 1     λύοιμι      may I loose
Du. 1
S. 2     λύοις(θα)   may you loose
Du. 2    λύοιτον     may you two loose
S. 3     λύοι        may he loose
Du. 3    λυοίτην     may they two loose
PLURAL
         λύοιμεν     may we loose
         λύοιτε      may you loose
         λύοιεν      may they loose
The different tenses of the subjunctive, optative, imperative, and infinitive, do not of themselves represent distinctions of time. The present of these tenses denotes continuance of action, as λύειν (pres. infin.) to be loosing (at any time).

The aorist denotes simply the occurrence of an action, its time being exactly the same as the present, as λῦσαι (aor. inf.) to loose (at any time).

The perfect denotes completion of an action, as λελυκέμεν (perf. inf.) to have loosed (at any time).
may I loose: Also, I may, might, could, would, should loose, with various other meanings which must be learned from the syntax. Read the notes to 905.

Aorist
        Greek                  English
S. 1    λῡ́σαιμι                may I loose
2       λῡ́σαις(θα) (λῡ́σειας)   may you loose
3       λῡ͂σαι (λῡ́σειε)         may he loose
Du. 2   λῡ́σαιτον               may you two loose
3       λῡσαίτην               may they two loose
Pl. 1   λῡ́σαιμεν               may we loose
2       λῡ́σαιτε                may you loose.
3       λῡ́σαιεν (λῡ́σειαν)      may they loose
may I loose: Read the notes at the end of 905.

Perfect
        Greek          English
S. 1    λελύκοιμι      may I loose
2       λελύκοις(θα)   may you loose
3       λελύκοι        may he loose
Du. 2   λελύκοιτον     may you two loose
3       λελυκοίτην     may they two loose
Pl. 1   λελύκοιμεν     may we loose
2       λελύκοιτε      may you loose
3       λελύκοιεν      may they loose
Not found in Homer; see note 1, p. 283. The subjunct. and optat. perfect are very rare in Homer.

§907. IMPERATIVE

PRESENT
S. 2    λύε       loose (continue to loose)
3       λυέτω     let him loose (continue to loose)
Du. 2   λύετον    loose (you two), continue to loose
3       λυέτων    let those (two) loose (continue to loose)
Pl. 2   λύετε     loose (continue to loose)
3       λυόντων   let them loose (continue to loose)
Read the notes at the end of 905.

AORIST
S. 2    λῦσον      loose
3       λῡσάτω     let him loose
Du. 2   λῡ́σατον    loose (you two)
3       λῡσάτων    let those (two) loose.
Pl. 2   λῡ́σατε     loose
3       λῡσάντων   let them loose

§924. SECOND PERFECT SYSTEM OF ἵστημι (στη-, στα-), stand

PERFECT
        INDICATIVE         SUBJUNCTIVE   OPTATIVE   IMPERATIVE   INFINITIVE
S. 1    ἕστηκα             ἑστήκω        ἑσταίην                 ἑστάμεν(αι)
S. 2    ἕστηκας            ἑστήκῃς(θα)   ἑσταίης    ἕσταθι
S. 3    ἕστηκε             ἑστήκῃ(σι)    ἑσταίη     ἑστάτω       PARTICIPLE
Du. 2   ἕστατον            ἑστήκετον     ἑσταῖτον   ἕστατον      ἑσταώς, υῖα,
Du. 3   ἕστατον            ἑστήκετον     ἑσταίτην   ἑστάτων      ός
Pl. 1   ἕσταμεν            ἑστήκομεν     ἑσταῖμεν
Pl. 2   ἕστατε             ἑστήκετε      ἑσταῖτε    ἕστατε
Pl. 3   ἑστᾶσι, ἑστήκᾱσι   ἑστήκωσι      ἑσταῖεν    ἑστάντων
SUBJUNCTIVE: Very rare; the dual and plural forms are uncertain.

PLUPERFECT
S. 1   εἱστήκεα (-η 585)     Du.             Pl.   ἕσταμεν
S. 2   εἱστήκεας (-ης 585)         ἕστατον         ἕστατε
S. 3   εἱστήκεε (-ει 585)          ἑστάτην         ἕστασαν

§949. INDICATIVE

REGULAR VERBS IN -μι

ἵστημι (στη-, στα-), (make) stand; τίθημι (θη-, θε), put; ἵημι (ἡ-, ἑ) send; δίδωμι (δω-, δο-), give, grant

Active Voice

PRESENT
S. 1    ἵστημι    τίθημι             ἵημι        δίδωμι
2       ἵστης     τίθης(θα)          ἵης, ἱεῖς   διδοῖς(θα)
3       ἵστησι    τίθησι, τιθεῖ      ἵησι, ἱεῖ   δίδωσι (διδοῖ)
Du. 2   ἵστατον   τίθετον            ἵετον       δίδοτον
3       ἵστατον   τίθετον            ἵετον       δίδοτον
Pl. 1   ἵσταμεν   τίθεμεν            ἵεμεν       δίδομεν
2       ἵστατε    τίθετε             ἵετε        δίδοτε
3       ἱστᾶσι    τιθεῖσι (θέουσι)   ἱεῖσι       διδοῦσι

IMPERFECT
S. 1    ἵστην     ἐτίθην     ἵειν         ἐδίδουν
2       ἵστης     ἐτίθεις    ἵεις         ἐδίδους
3       ἵστη      ἐτίθει     ἵει          ἐδίδου
Du. 2   ἵστατον   ἐτίθετον   ἵετον        ἐδίδοτον
3       ἱστάτην   ἐτιθέτην   ἱέτην        ἐδιδότην
Pl. 1   ἵσταμεν   ἐτίθεμεν   ἵεμεν        ἐδίδομεν
2       ἵστατε    ἐτίθετε    ἵετε         ἐδίδοτε
3       ἵστασαν   ἐτίθεσαν   ἵεσαν, ἵεν   ἐδίδοσαν

FUTURE
S. 1    στήσω      θήσω      ἥσω           δώσω
2       στήσεις    θήσεις    ἥσεις         δώσεις
3       στήσει     θήσει     ἥσει (ἔσει)   δώσει
Du. 2   στήσετον   θήσετον   ἥσετον        δώσετον
3       στήσετον   θήσετον   ἥσετον        δώσετον
Pl. 1   στήσομεν   θήσομεν   ἥσομεν        δώσομεν
2       στήσετε    θήσετε    ἥσετε         δώσετε
3       στήσουσι   θήσουσι   ἥσουσι        δώσουσι

FIRST AORIST
S. 1    ἔστησα              ἔθηκα       ἧκα        ἔδωκα
2       ἔστησας             ἔθηκας      ἧκας       ἔδωκας
3       ἔστησε              ἔθηκε       ἧκε        ἔδωκε
Du. 2   ἐστήσατον           *ἐθήκατον   *ἐήκατον   *ἐδώκατον
3       ἐστησάτην           *ἐθηκάτην   *ἐηκάτην   *ἐδωκάτην
Pl. 1   ἐστήσαμεν           *ἐθήκαμεν   *ἐήκαμεν   *ἐδώκαμεν
2       ἐστήσατε            *ἐθήκατε    *ἐήκατε    *ἐδώκατε
3       ἔστησαν (ἔστασαν)   ἔθηκαν      *ἐήκαν     ἔδωκαν

SECOND AORIST
S. 1    ἔστην
2       ἔστης
3       ἔστη
Du. 2   ἔστητον           ἔθετον   εἷτον   ἔδοτον
3       ἐστήτην           ἐθέτην   εἵτην   ἐδότην
Pl. 1   ἔστημεν           ἔθεμεν   εἷμεν   ἔδομεν
2       ἔστητε            ἔθετε    εἷτε    ἔδοτε
3       ἔστησαν (ἔσταν)   ἔθεσαν   εἷσαν   ἔδοσαν

§950. SUBJUNCTIVE

PRESENT
S. 1    ἱστῶ(μι)    τιθῶ(μι)    ἱῶ(μι)    διδῶ(μι)
2       ἱστῇς(θα)   τιθῇς(θα)   ἱῇς(θα)   διδῷς(θα)
3       ἱστῇ(σι)    τιθῇ(σι)    ἱῇ(σι)    διδῷ(σι)
Du. 2   ἱστῆτον     τιθῆτον     ἱῆτον     διδῶτον
3       ἱστῆτον     τιθῆτον     ἱῆτον     διδῶτον
Pl. 1   ἱστῶμεν     τιθῶμεν     ἱῶμεν     διδῶμεν
2       ἱστῆτε      τιθῆτε      ἱῆτε      διδῶτε
3       ἱστῶσι      τιθῶσι      ἱῶσι      διδῶσι

SECOND AORIST
S. 1    στῶ(μι)    θῶ(μι)    ὧ(μι)    δῶ(μι)
2       στῇς(θα)   θῇς(θα)   ᾗς(θα)   δῷς(θα)
3       στῇ(σι)    θῇ(σι)    ᾗ(σι)    δῷ(σι)
Du. 2   στῆτον     θῆτον     ᾗτον     δῶτον
3       στῆτον     θῆτον     ᾗτον     δῶτον
Pl. 1   στῶμεν     θῶμεν     ὧμεν     δῶμεν
2       στῆτε      θῆτε      ἧτε      δῶτε
3       στῶσι      θῶσι      ὧσι      δῶσι

§951. The second aorist subjunctive of -μι verbs (949 ff.) seems to have had a double form of inflection:

1) With a short thematic (796) vowel, as θήω, θήεις, θήει, θήετον, θηέτην, θήομεν, θήετε, θήουσι (τίθημι put, place).
2) With a long thematic (796) vowel, as θήω, θήῃς, θήῃ, θήητον, θήητον, θήωμεν, θήητε, θήωσι.

The vowel of the stem is then shortened (572), producing,

3) θέω, θέῃς, θέῃ, θέητον, θέητον, θέωμεν, θέητε, θέωσι.

This form then undergoes contraction (584–585), giving,

4) θῶ, θῇς, θῇ, θῆτον, θῆτον, θῶμεν, θῆτε, θῶσι.

§952. The subjunctives of athematic (797; 865, 2) second aorists and the subjunctives passive of both first and second aorists are similarly formed. Thus, λυθῶ, λυθῇς, λυθῇ, etc., contracted from λυθέω, λυθέῃς, λυθέῃ, etc.; τραφῶ, τραφῇς, τραφῇ, etc., contracted from τραφέω, τραφέῃς, τραφέῃ, etc.

§953. OPTATIVE

PRESENT
S. 1    ἱσταίην    τιθείην    ἱείην    διδοίην
2       ἱσταίης    τιθείης    ἱείης    διδοίης
3       ἱσταίη     τιθείη     ἱείη     διδοίη
Du. 2   ἱσταῖτον   τιθεῖτον   ἱεῖτον   διδοῖτον
3       ἱσταίτην   τιθείτην   ἱείτην   διδοίτην
Pl. 1   ἱσταῖμεν   τιθεῖμεν   ἱεῖμεν   διδοῖμεν
2       ἱσταῖτε    τιθεῖτε    ἱεῖτε    διδοῖτε
3       ἱσταῖεν    τιθεῖεν    ἱεῖεν    διδοῖεν

SECOND AORIST
S. 1    σταίην             θείην    εἵην    δοίην
2       σταίης             θείης    εἵης    δοίης
3       σταίη              θείη     εἵη     δοίη
Du. 2   σταῖτον            θεῖτον   εἷτον   δοῖτον
3       σταίτην            θείτην   εἵτην   δοίτην
Pl. 1   σταῖμεν            θεῖμεν   εἷμεν   δοῖμεν
2       σταῖτε             θεῖτε    εἷτε    δοῖτε
3       σταῖεν, σταίησαν   θεῖεν    εἷεν    δοῖεν

§954. IMPERATIVE

PRESENT
S. 2    ἵστη (-ᾱ)   τίθει (=-εε)   ἵει (=ἵεε)   δίδου (δίδωθι)
3       ἱστάτω      τιθέτω         ἱέτω         διδότω
Du. 2   ἵστατον     τίθετον        ἵετον        δίδοτον
3       ἱστάτων     τιθέτων        ἱέτων        διδότων
Pl. 2   ἵστατε      τίθετε         ἵετε         δίδοτε
3       ἱστάντων    τιθέντων       ἱέντων       διδόντων

SECOND AORIST
S. 2    στῆθι     θές      ἕς      δός
3       στήτω     θέτω     ἕτω     δότω
Du. 2   στῆτον    θέτον    ἕτον    δότον
3       στήτων    θέτων    ἕτων    δότων
Pl. 2   στῆτε     θέτε     ἕτε     δότε
3       στάντων   θέντων   ἕντων   δόντων

§955. INFINITIVE

PRESENT
   ἱστάμεν(αι)   τιθήμεν(αι)   ἱέμεν(αι)   διδόμεν(αι) (διδοῦναι)

SECOND AORIST
   στήναι (στήμεναι)   θεῖναι (θέμεν[αι])   εἷναι (ἕμεν[αι])   δοῦναι (δόμεν[αι])

§956. PARTICIPLE

PRES.    ἱστά̄ς, ἱστᾶσα, ἱστάν   τιθείς, εἶσα, ἔν   ἱείς, εἷσα, ἕν   διδούς, οὖσα, όν
2 AOR.   στά̄ς, στᾶσα, στάν      θείς, θεῖσα, θέν   εἷς, εἷσα, ἕν    δούς, δοῦσα, δόν

NOTE 1. For the second perfect system of ἵστημι, see 924.

NOTE 2. δίδωμι may have (very rarely) διδώσω instead of δώσω in the future.

§819. Endings. Certain suffixes, called personal endings, are attached to the tense stems of the various finite (791) modes, and other endings are attached to the infinitives and participles, to make the complete verbal forms.

§820. Some of these personal endings have undergone considerable changes.

§821. In their earlier form they were as follows:

Personal Endings, Active, Singular
    Indicative primary tenses, and Subjunctive   Indicative secondary tenses, and Optative
1   -μι, -ω                                      -ν, -ν̥ = -α
2   -σι, -ς, -(σ)θα                              -ς, -σθα
3   -τι = -σι                                    -(τ)

Personal Endings, Active, Dual
    Indicative primary tenses, and Subjunctive   Indicative secondary tenses, and Optative
1   ,                                            ,
2   -τον                                         -τον
3   -τον                                         -την

Personal Endings, Active, Plural
    Indicative primary tenses, and Subjunctive   Indicative secondary tenses, and Optative
1   -μεν                                         -μεν
2   -τε                                          -τε
3   -ντι = -νσι                                  -ν(τ), -σαν

Personal Endings, Middle, Singular
    Indicative primary tenses, and Subjunctive   Indicative secondary tenses, and Optative
1   -μαι                                         -μην
2   -σαι                                         -σο
3   -ται                                         -το

Personal Endings, Middle, Dual
    Indicative primary tenses, and Subjunctive   Indicative secondary tenses, and Optative
1   -μεθον                                       [-μεθον]
2   -σθον                                        -σθον
3   -σθον                                        -σθην

Personal Endings, Middle, Plural
    Indicative primary tenses, and Subjunctive   Indicative secondary tenses, and Optative
1   -μεθα (-μεσθα)                               -μεθα (-μεσθα)
2   -σθε                                         -σθε
3   -νται (-αται = -ν̥ται, 597–598)               -ντο (-ατο = -ν̥το, 597–598)

Imperative Endings, Singular
    Active        Middle
2   , , -θι, -ς   -σο
3   -τω           -σθω

Imperative Endings, Dual
    Active   Middle
2   -τον     -σθον
3   -των     -σθων

Imperative Endings, Plural
    Active   Middle
2   -τε      -σθε
3   -ντων    -σθων

§822. Observe that the subjunctive has the same endings throughout as the primary tenses of the indicative, while the optative (except at times in the first singular, when it ends in -μι), has the same endings as the secondary tenses of the indicative.

§823. The first and second aorists passive have the same endings as the secondary tenses of the active voice.

§824. PRIMARY ENDINGS OF THE ACTIVE VOICE (INDICATIVE AND SUBJUNCTIVE)

1 sing.: -μι is found in the present indicative of all -μι verbs, and in a few subjunctives of -ω verbs. -ω is found in the present indicative of all -ω verbs, in all futures, and in the subjunctive. In the perfect indicative there is no personal ending, -α taking the place of the thematic vowel.
2 sing.: -σι is found only in ἐσσί you are; elsewhere -ς has taken its place. -θα (-σθα) is used at times in the perfect, imperfect and pluperfect of the indicative, and occasionally in the subjunctive and optative.
3 sing.: -τι is found only in ἐστί he is. It becomes -σι in the other -μι verbs, and -σι is occasionally found in the subjunctive of -ω verbs. -ω verbs have another ending, -ει, of which the origin is uncertain. The perfect, -ε, has no personal ending.
3 plur.: -ντι regularly becomes -νσι, and ν is then lost, with lengthening of the preceding vowel (613). Many -μι verbs seem to have ended in -αντι, which first became -ανσι, and then -ᾱσι (612). The perfect of consonant stems ended in -ντι (-νσι) which became -ν̥τι (-ν̥σι) and then -ᾱσι (597–8). Generally -ασι in both present and perfect has been replaced by -ᾱσι.

§825. SECONDARY ENDINGS OF THE ACTIVE (INDICATIVE AND OPTATIVE)

1 sing.: -ν after vowels remained unchanged; after consonants it became -ν̥, and then -α (597–8). Pluperfect -εα is usually contracted to -η. The optative has -ν when the mode suffix is -ιη- (813); otherwise it has -μι.
3 sing.: -τ is always dropped (605); ἔλυε from ἔλυετ; cf. amat; ἔλῡσε has no personal ending; it takes its -ε from the perfect.
2 dual: -την sometimes occurs instead of -τον.
3 dual: -τον sometimes occurs instead of -την.
3 plur.: -ν is for an earlier -ντ, τ being lost (605), the vowel before it being regularly short. -σαν, from the first aorist ending, is used in the imperfect, and often in the second aorist of -μι verbs, at times in the aorist passive, in the pluperfect active, and in the optative when it has the mode suffix -ιη-.

§910. INDICATIVE

Middle Voice of λύω loose.

PRESENT
S. 1    λύομαι          I loose (for) myself, I am loosed
2       λύεαι [(λύῃ)]   you loose (for) yourself, are loosed
3       λύεται          he looses (for) himself, is loosed
Du. 2   λύεσθον         you two loose (for) yourselves, are loosed
3       λύεσθον         they two loose (for) themselves, are loosed
Pl. 1   λυόμε(σ)θα      we loose (for) ourselves, are loosed
2       λύεσθε          you loose (for) yourselves, are loosed
3       λύονται         they loose (for) themselves, are loosed
I loose (for) myself, I am loosed: The most common meanings are I loose for myself, I am loosed; I was loosing for myself, I was being loosed, etc. The context must determine which of these is most suitable. When it has an active meaning, I loose, it is with the strict implication of loosing one's own, or something in which the subject has an active personal interest, hence: to ransom, redeem, deliver, etc.

IMPERFECT
S. 1    ἐλυόμην           I was loosing (for) myself, was being loosed
2       ἐλύεο [(ἐλύεν)]   you were loosing (for) yourself, were being loosed
3       ἐλύετο            he was loosing (for) himself, was being loosed
Du. 2   ἐλύεσθον          you two were loosing (for) yourselves, were being loosed
3       ἐλυέσθην          they two were loosing (for) themselves, were being loosed
Pl. 1   ἐλυόμε(σ)θα       we were loosing (for) ourselves, were being loosed
2       ἐλύεσθε           you were loosing (for) yourselves, were being loosed
3       ἐλύοντο           they were loosing (for) themselves, were being loosed
I was loosing (for) myself, was being loosed: Less common, athematic (797-798) 2d aorist forms, 863; 865, 2.

FUTURE
S. 1    λῡ́σομαι           I shall loose (for) myself, shall be loosed
2       λῡ́σεαι [(λῡ́σῃ)]   you will loose (for) yourself, will be loosed
3       λῡ́σεται           he will loose (for) himself, will be loosed
Du. 2   λῡ́σεσθον          you two will loose (for) yourselves, will be loosed
3       λῡ́σεσθον          they two will loose (for) themselves, will be loosed
Pl. 1   λῡσόμε(σ)θα       we will loose (for) ourselves, will be loosed
2       λῡ́σεσθε           you will loose (for) yourselves, will be loosed
3       λῡ́σονται          they will loose (for) themselves, will be loosed

AORIST
S. 1    ἐλῡσάμην           I loosed (for) myself, was loosed               ἐλύμην
2       ἐλῡ́σαο [(ἐλῡ́σω)]   you loosed (for) yourself, were loosed          ἔλυ(σ)ο
3       ἐλῡ́σατο            he loosed (for) himself, was loosed             ἔλυτο
Du. 2   ἐλῡ́σασθον          you two loosed (for) yourselves, were loosed    ἔλυσθον
3       ἐλῡσάσθην          they two loosed (for) themselves, were loosed   ἐλύσθην
Pl. 1   ἐλῡσάμε(σ)θα       we loosed (for) ourselves, were loosed          ἐλύμε(σ)θα
2       ἐλῡ́σασθε           you loosed (for) yourselves, were loosed        ἔλυσθε
3       ἐλῡ́σαντο           they loosed (for) themselves, were loosed       ἔλυντο

PERFECT
S. 1    λέλυμαι               I have loosed (for) myself, have been loosed
2       λέλυσαι               you have loosed (for) yourself, have been loosed
3       λέλυται               he has loosed (for) himself, has been loosed
Du. 2   λέλυσθον              you two have loosed (for) yourselves, have been loosed
3       λέλυσθον              they two have loosed (for) themselves, have been loosed
Pl. 1   λελύμε(σ)θα           we have loosed (for) ourselves, have been loosed
2       λέλυσθε               you have loosed (for) yourselves, have been loosed
3       λέλυνται (λελύαται)   they have loosed (for) themselves, have been loosed
λέλυνται (λελύαται): -αται, -ατο (= -νται, -ντο, 597-598) regularly in verbs with consonantal stems, and stems ending in ι; sometimes in stems ending in other vowels.

PLUPERFECT
S. 1    ἐλελύμην              I had loosed (for) myself, had been loosed
2       ἐλέλυσο               you had loosed (for) yourself, had been loosed
3       ἐλέλυτο               he had loosed (for) himself, had been loosed
Du. 2   ἐλέλυσθον             you two had loosed (for) yourselves, had been loosed
3       ἐλελύσθην             they two had loosed (for) themselves, had been loosed
Pl. 1   ἐλελύμε(σ)θα          we had loosed (for) ourselves, had been loosed
2       ἐλέλυσθε              you had loosed (for) yourselves, had been loosed
3       ἐλέλυντο (ἐλελύατο)   they had loosed (for) themselves, had been loosed

FUTURE PERFECT
S. 1    λελῡ́σομαι         I shall have loosed (for) myself, shall have been loosed
2       λελῡ́σεαι [(-ῃ)]   you will have loosed (for) yourself, will have been loosed
3       λελῡ́σεται         he will have loosed (for) himself, will have been loosed
Du. 2   λελῡ́σεσθον        you two will have loosed (for) yourselves, will have been loosed
3       λελῡ́σεσθον        they two will have loosed (for) themselves, will have been loosed
Pl. 1   λελῡσόμε(σ)θα     we will have loosed (for) ourselves, will have been loosed
2       λελῡ́σεσθε         you will have loosed (for) yourselves, will have been loosed
3       λελῡ́σονται        they will have loosed (for) themselves, will have been loosed

§911. SUBJUNCTIVE

PRESENT
S. 1    λύωμαι          I may loose (for) myself, may be loosed
2       λύηαι [(λύῃ)]   you may loose (for) yourself, may be loosed
3       λύηται          he may loose (for) himself, may be loosed
Du. 2   λύησθον         you two may loose (for) yourselves, may be loosed
3       λύησθον         they two may loose (for) themselves, may be loosed
Pl. 1   λυώμε(σ)θα      we may loose (for) ourselves, may be loosed
2       λύησθε          you may loose (for) yourselves, may be loosed
3       λύωνται         they may loose (for) themselves, may be loosed
I may loose (for) myself, may be loosed: Read the note at the end of 905.

AORIST
S. 1    λῡ́σωμαι           I may loose (for) myself, be loosed
2       λῡ́σηαι [(λῡ́σῃ)]   you may loose (for) yourself, be loosed
3       λῡ́σηται           he may loose (for) himself, be loosed
Du. 2   λῡ́σησθον          you may loose (for) yourselves, be loosed
3       λῡ́σησθον          they two may loose (for) themselves, be loosed
Pl. 1   λῡσώμε(σ)θα       we may loose (for) ourselves, be loosed
2       λῡ́σησθε           you may loose (for) yourselves, be loosed
3       λῡ́σωνται          they may loose (for) themselves, be loosed

PERFECT
S. 1    λελυμένος ἔω      I may loose (for) myself, may be loosed
2       λελυμένος ἔῃς     you may loose (for) yourself, may be loosed
3       λελυμένος ἔῃ      he may loose (for) himself, be loosed
Du. 2   λελυμένω ἔητον    you two may loose (for) yourselves), may be loosed
3       λελυμένω ἔητον    they two may loose (for) themselves, may be loosed
Pl. 1   λελυμένοι ἔωμεν   we may loose (for) ourselves, may be loosed
2       λελυμένοι ἔητε    you may loose (for) yourselves, may be loosed
3       λελυμένοι ἔωσι    they may loose (for) themselves, may be loosed

§912. OPTATIVE

PRESENT
S. 1    λυοίμην       may I loose (for) myself, may I be loosed
2       λύοιο         may you loose (for) yourself, may you be loosed
3       λύοιτο        may he loose (for) himself, may he be loosed
Du. 2   λύοισθον      may you two loose (for) yourselves, may you two be loosed
3       λυοίσθην      may they two loose (for) themselves, may they two be loosed
Pl. 1   λυοίμε(σ)θα   may we loose (for) ourselves, may we be loosed
2       λύοισθε       may you loose (for) yourselves, may you be loosed
3       λυοίατο       may they loose (for) themselves, may they be loosed
Read the note at the end of 905.
may I loose (for) myself, may I be loosed: Read the note on 906.

AORIST
S. 1    λῡσαίμην       may I loose (for) myself, may I be loosed
2       λῡ́σαιο         may you loose (for) yourself, may you be loosed
3       λῡ́σαιτο        may he loose (for) himself, may he be loosed
Du. 2   λῡ́σαισθον      may you two loose (for) yourselves, may you two be loosed
3       λῡσαίσθην      may they two loose (for) themselves, may they two be loosed
Pl. 1   λῡσαίμε(σ)θα   may we loose (for) ourselves, may we be loosed
2       λῡ́σαισθε       may you loose (for) yourselves, may you be loosed
3       λῡσαίατο       may they loose (for) themselves, may they be loosed

PERFECT
S. 1    λελυμένος εἴην    may I loose (for) myself, may I be loosed
2       λελυμένος εἴης    may you loose (for) yourself, may you be loosed
3       λελυμένος εἴη     may he loose (for) himself, may he be loosed
Du. 2   λελυμένω εἶτον    may you two loose (for) yourselves, may you two be loosed
3       λελυμένω εἴτην    may they two loose (for) themselves, may they two be loosed
Pl. 1   λελυμένοι εἶμεν   may we loose (for) ourselves, may we be loosed
2       λελυμένοι εἶτε    may you loose (for) yourselves, may you be loosed
3       λελυμένοι εἶεν    may they loose (for) themselves, may they be loosed
λελυμένος εἴη: Also λελῦτο (= λελυ-ῑ-το).

§913. IMPERATIVE

PRESENT
S. 2    λύεο [(λύεν)]   loose (for) yourself, be loosed
3       λυέσθω          let him loose (for) himself, let him be loosed
Du. 2   λύεσθον         loose (for) your two selves, be loosed
3       λυέσθων         let those two loose (for) themselves, let them be loosed
Pl. 2   λύεσθε          loose (for) yourselves, be loosed
3       λυέσθων         let them loose (for) themselves, let them be loosed
Read the note on 905.

AORIST
S. 2    λῦσαι      loose (for) yourself, be loosed
3       λῡσάσθω    let him loose (for) himself, let him be loosed
Du. 2   λῡ́σασθον   loose (for) your two selves, be loosed
3       λῡσάσθων   let these two loose (for) themselves, let them be loosed
Pl. 2   λῡ́σασθε    loose (for) yourselves, be loosed
3       λῡσάσθων   let them loose (for) themselves, let them be loosed

PERFECT
S. 2    λέλυσο     loose (for) yourself, be loosed
3       λελύσθω    let him loose (for) himself, let him be loosed
Du. 2   λέλυσθον   loose (for) yourselves, be loosed
3       λελύσθων   let them loose (for) themselves, let them be loosed
Pl. 2   λέλυσθε    loose (for) yourselves, be loosed
3       λελύσθων   let them loose (for) themselves, let them be loosed

§957. INDICATIVE

Middle Voice

PRESENT
S. 1    ἵσταμαι       τίθεμαι       ἵεμαι       δίδομαι
2       ἵστασαι       τίθεσαι       ἵεσαι       δίδοσαι
3       ἵσταται       τίθεται       ἵεται       δίδοται
Du. 2   ἵστασθον      τίθεσθον      ἵεσθον      δίδοσθον
3       ἵστασθον      τίθεσθον      ἵεσθον      δίδοσθον
Pl. 1   ἱστάμε(σ)θα   τιθέμε(σ)θα   ἱέμε(σ)θα   διδόμε(σ)θα
2       ἵστασθε       τίθεσθε       ἵεσθε       δίδοσθε
3       ἵστανται      τίθενται      ἵενται      δίδονται

IMPERFECT
S. 1    ἱστάμην       ἐτιθέμην       ἱέμην       ἐδιδόμην
2       ἵστασο        ἐτίθεσο        ἵεσο        ἐδίδοσο
3       ἵστατο        ἐτίθετο        ἵετο        ἐδίδοτο
Du. 2   ἵστασθον      ἐτίθεσθον      ἵεσθον      ἐδίδοσθον
3       ἱστάσθην      ἐτιθέσθην      ἱέσθην      ἐδιδόσθην
Pl. 1   ἱστάμε(σ)θα   ἐτιθέμε(σ)θα   ἱέμε(σ)θα   ἐδιδόμε(σ)θα
2       ἵστασθε       ἐτίθεσθε       ἵεσθε       ἐδίδοσθε
3       ἵσταντο       ἐτίθεντο       ἵεντο       ἐδίδοντο

FUTURE
S. 1    στήσομαι       θήσομαι       ἥσομαι       δώσομαι
2       στήσεαι        θήσεαι        ἥσεαι        δώσεαι
3       στήσεται       θήσεται       ἥσεται       δώσεται
Du. 2   στήσεσθον      θήσεσθον      ἥσεσθον      δώσεσθον
3       στήσεσθον      θήσεσθον      ἥσεσθον      δώσεσθον
Pl. 1   στησόμε(σ)θα   θησόμε(σ)θα   ἡσόμε(σ)θα   δωσόμε(σ)θα
2       στήσεσθε       θήσεσθε       ἥσεσθε       δώσεσθε
3       στήσονται      θήσονται      ἥσονται      δώσονται

FIRST AORIST
S. 1    ἐστησάμην
2       ἐστήσαο
3       ἐστήσατο        ἐθήκατο
Du. 2   ἐστησάσθον
3       ἐστησάσθην
Pl. 1   ἐστησάμε(σ)θα
2       ἐστήσασθε
3       ἐστήσαντο

SECOND AORIST
S. 1       ἐθέμην       εἵμην       ἐδόμην
2          ἔθεο         εἷο         ἔδοο (ου)
3          ἔθετο        εἷτο        ἔδοτο
Du. 2      ἔθεσθον      εἷσθον      ἔδοσθον
3          ἐθέσθην      εἵσθην      ἐδόσθην
Pl. 1      ἐθέμε(σ)θα   εἵμε(σ)θα   ἐδόμε(σ)θα
2          ἔθεσθε       εἷσθε       ἔδοσθε
3          ἔθεντο       εἷντο       ἔδοντο

§958. SUBJUNCTIVE

PRESENT
S. 1    ἱστῶμαι       τιθῶμαι       ἱῶμαι       διδῶμαι
2       ἱστῆαι        τιθῆαι        ἱῆαι        διδῷαι
3       ἱστῆται       τιθῆται       ἱῆται       διδῶται
Du. 2   ἱστῆσθον      τιθῆσθον      ἱῆσθον      διδῶσθον
3       ἱστῆσθον      τιθῆσθον      ἱῆσθον      διδῶσθον
Pl. 1   ἱστώμε(σ)θα   τιθώμε(σ)θα   ἱώμε(σ)θα   διδώμε(σ)θα
2       ἱστῆσθε       τιθῆσθε       ἱῆσθε       διδῶσθε
3       ἱστῶνται      τιθῶνται      ἱῶνται      διδῶνται

SECOND AORIST
S. 1       θῶμαι       ὧμαι       δῶμαι
2          θῆαι        ἧαι        δῷαι
3          θῆται       ἧται       δῶται
Du. 2      θῆσθον      ἧσθον      δῶσθον
3          θῆσθον      ἧσθον      δῶσθον
Pl. 1      θώμε(σ)θα   ὡμε(σ)θα   δώμε(σ)θα
2          θῆσθε       ἧσθε       δῶσθε
3          θῶνται      ὧνται      δῶνται

§959. OPTATIVE

PRESENT
S. 1    ἱσταίμην       τιθείμην       ἱείμην       διδοίμην
2       ἱσταῖο         τιθεῖο         ἱεῖο         διδοῖο
3       ἱσταῖτο        τιθεῖτο        ἱεῖτο        διδοῖτο
Du. 2   ἱσταῖσθον      τιθεῖσθον      ἱεῖσθον      διδοῖσθον
3       ἱσταίσθην      τιθείσθην      ἱείσθην      διδοίσθην
Pl. 1   ἱσταίμε(σ)θα   τιθείμε(σ)θα   ἱείμε(σ)θα   διδοίμε(σ)θα
2       ἱσταῖσθε       τιθεῖσθε       ἱεῖσθε       διδοῖσθε
3       ἱσταίατο       τιθείατο       ἱείατο       διδοίατο

SECOND AORIST
S. 1       θείμην       εἵμην       δοίμην
2          θεῖο         εἷο         δοῖο
3          θεῖτο        εἷτο        δοῖτο
Du. 2      θεῖσθον      εἷσθον      δοῖσθον
3          θείσθην      εἵσθην      δοίσθην
Pl. 1      θείμε(σ)θα   εἵμε(σ)θα   δοίμε(σ)θα
2          θεῖσθε       εἷσθε       δοῖσθε
3          θείατο       εἵατο       δοίατο

§960. Imperative

Present
S. 2    ἵστασο     τίθεσο     ἵεσο     δίδοσο
3       ἱστάσθω    τιθέσθω    ἱέσθω    διδόσθω
Du. 2   ἵστασθον   τίθεσθον   ἵεσθον   δίδοσθον
3       ἱστάσθων   τιθέσθων   ἱέσθων   διδόσθων
Pl. 2   ἵστασθε    τίθεσθε    ἵεσθε    δίδοσθε
3       ἱστάσθων   τιθέσθων   ἱέσθων   διδόσθων

Second Aorist
S. 2    ,   θέο (θεῦ)   ἕο      δόο (δοῦ)
3       ,   θέσθω       ἕσθω    δόσθω
Du. 2   ,   θέσθον      ἕσθον   δόσθον
3       ,   θέσθων      ἕσθων   δόσθων
Pl. 2   ,   θέσθε       ἕσθε    δόσθε
3       ,   θέσθων      ἕσθων   δόσθων

§961. Infinitive

Present     ἵστασθαι   τίθεσθαι   ἵεσθαι   δίδοσθαι
Sec. Aor.   ,          θέσθαι     ἕσθαι    δόσθαι

§962. Participle

Present     ἱστάμενος, η, ον   τιθήμενος, η, ον   ἱέμενος, η, ον   διδόμενος, η, ον
Sec. Aor.   ,                  θέμενος, η, ον     ἕμενος, η, ον    δόμενος, μ, ον

§826. MIDDLE ENDINGS, PRIMARY AND SECONDARY (INDICATIVE, SUBJUNCTIVE, AND OPTATIVE)

2 sing.: -σαι drops its σ between vowels (603), except in the perfect, and in the present indicative of -μι verbs.
2 sing. (secondary): -σο regularly drops its σ between vowels (603), except in the pluperfect, and in the imperfect of -μι verbs. In a few cases σ is dropped in the pluperfect.
Dual: the first dual -μεθον is rare; -σθον occurs once instead of -σθην.
3 plur.: -νται, -ντο regularly become -αται, -ατο (-ν̥ται, -ν̥το) in the perfect and pluperfect of verbs with consonant stems, stems ending in -ι, occasionally in vowel stems, and always in the optative. Elsewhere occasionally -νται, -ντο become -αται, -ατο (597–8).

§827. ENDINGS OF THE IMPERATIVE

2 sing. active: -ε of the second sing. is the thematic vowel, and forms like λύε, ἄειδε have no personal ending. -θι is common, with both an active and passive meaning. In the first aorist passive -θι becomes -τι after -θη- of the passive stem (619). -ς occurs in a few cases. The endings of the aorist, -σον (active) and -σαι (middle) are obscure.
2 sing. middle: -σο loses its σ between vowels (603), except in the perfect of all verbs and the pres. of -μι verbs.

§828. ENDINGS OF THE INFINITIVES, PARTICIPLES, AND VERBAL ADJECTIVES

Infinitives have the following endings:

1) dative (794): -αι (-ναι, -μεναι, -εναι, -σαι active; and -σθαι, -θαι middle and passive).
2) locative (794): -εν, -μεν (following the thematic vowel ε, ε-εν regularly contracts to -ειν, 584–5).

§829. Participles have the following endings added to the tense stem:

1) -ντ- for all active tenses, except the perfect (usually), and the first and second aorists passive.
2) -οτ- (-ϝοτ-), occasionally -οντ- in the perfect active.
3) -μενο- (feminine -μενᾱ-) in the middle; and in the passive, except the aorist passive.

NOTE. Verbal adjectives end in -τός, and are usually equivalent to passive (sometimes active) participles in meaning, or else denote possibility, as γνωτός [γιγνώσκω] known, ποιητός [ποιέω] made, τυκτός [τεύχω] made. They are formed by adding the ending τός to the verb stem, usually as it appears in the first or second aorist passive.