Hungarian · Unit 24
Unit 24: Magyarország gazdasági élete
Volume 2
Hungary's economic life
Basic Sentences I
- 1
Hello, Mr. Smith! I haven't seen you for weeks. Where are you spending your time nowadays?
JóHello (Good day)napot,Hello (Good day)SmithSmith (an American in the dialogues)úr!Mr., sir, gentlemanHetekseven; weekótasincenemunless, exceptláttam.I sawHolwheretöltispend; pourazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'idejéttime, period; weathermostanában?lately, nowadays - 2
Greetings, Mr. Benedek! We really haven't met for a long time. But you know, I've been very busy lately.
Üdvözlöm,I greet; my regards toBenedekBenedek (a Hungarian surname)úr.Mr., sir, gentlemanValóbanindeed, reallyrégenlong agonemunless, excepttalálkoztunk.findDebutazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'utóbbilatteridőbenduring the entire timenagyonveryelaway, offvagyokI amfoglalva.reserve; occupy - 3
I've heard that you're studying the economic life of Hungary. Have you succeeded in obtaining appropriate books?
Hallottam,hearhogyhow; thatMagyarországHungarygazdaságieconomicéletetlifetanulmányozza.study, make a study of somethingSikerültsucceedszertobtain, acquiretennieto putmegfelelőbe suitablekönyvekre?books - 4
I've found many useful and appropriate books in the library on this subject. Besides, I use every opportunity to discuss these things.
Athekönyvtárbanlibrarysokmuch, many, lothasznos,usefulerreon this, onto this; this way; about thisvonatkozóconcerningkönyvetbooktaláltam.findAzonkívül..., moreovermindeneverything, allalkalmatoccasionfelhasználok,uphogyhow; thatelbeszélgessektell, relate, narrateezekrőltheseathekérdésekről.question
- hasznos
- useful
- vonatkozó
- concerning, regarding
- 5
Have you already read about the fundamental changes that have taken place in the economic life of Hungary since the war?
Olvasottreadmáralready, beforearról,from that, of that, from that directionhogyhow; thatmilyenwhat's it like, what kind, sort ofgyökeresfundamental, radicalváltozásokchange (v)történtekbreakathemagyarHungariangazdaságieconomicéletbenlifeatheháborúwarután?after, following - 6
Yes, indeed. I've read about the country's nationalization and the reconstruction of its industries. But tell me, what's the current situation in the nation concerning private property?
Hogyne!of course, naturally, yes indeedOlvastamreadazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országcountryújjáépítésérőlreconstruction, rebuildingésandazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'államosításokról.nationalizationDebutmondja,you say; he, she sayshogyhow; thatállstand (v)athemagántulajdonprivate property, ownershipkérdésequestionjelenlegat present, for the time beingazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országban?country
- gyökeres
- fundamental, radical
- magántulajdon
- private property, ownership
- jelenleg
- at present, for the time being
- 7
Well, neither the means of production, nor goods exceeding the needs of the individual can be privately owned.
Csupánmerely, onlyathetermelőeszközökmeans of production, capital goodsnemunless, exceptlehetnekit's possiblemagántulajdonban,private property, ownershiptovábbábesides, moreover, furthermoreazokthoseathetárgyak,object, article, thingmelyekwhich (plural)meghaladjáksurpass, exceedazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'egyénone; a (an)szükségleteit.need, want (n) - 8
Does this mean that everything is the property of the state?
Ezthisaztit meansjelenti,it meanshogyhow; thatmindeneverything, allazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'államé?state
- Csupán
- merely, only
- továbbá
- besides, moreover, furthermore
- 9
Yes, theoretically private enterprise is not compatible with this economic system.
Azt.it meansMagánvállalkozásyou; yourself, himself, herselfelvilegtheoretically, in principlenemunless, exceptlehetségespossibleebbenin thisathegazdaságieconomicrendszerben.system, method - 10
What happened to the craftsmen who formerly worked in their own shops?
Miwe; whattörténtbreakazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'iparosokkal,craftsman, tradesmanakikwhoazelőttbefore that, formerlysajátownműhelyükbenworkroom, workshopdolgoztak?they worked - 11
Some of them went to work in factories engaged in mass production. The rest belong to the craftmen's co-operatives, and they work there.
Egya, an; onerészükpartgyárakbafactorymentwentdolgozni,to workaholwheretömegtermelésmass, crowdfolyik.flows, goes on, continuesAthetöbbiekand so forth, et ceteraatheKisiparicraftsmen's co-operativeTermelőszövetkezetekbecraftsmen's co-operativetartoznakkeep paceésandottthere (in that place)dolgoznak.they work - 12
Which branch of industry has the state developed most rapidly since the war?
Atheháborúwarótasincemelyikwhichiparágatprocessing industryfejlesztetteheadazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'államstateleggyorsabban?most
- elvileg
- theoretically, in principle
- lehetséges
- possible
- 13
Heavy industry has received the largest appropriations, and many new machine plants have been built throughout the country. The state has been striving to mechanize agriculture as rapidly as possible.
Athenehézipart.difficult, heavyAzthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'kaptaget, receiveathelegnagyobbmostösszegeketamountberuházásokra.investmentSokmuch, many, lotújnewgépgyáratmachineépítettekbuildszerteall over, everywhereazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országban.countryAzthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'államstatearraonto that, in that directiontörekedett,breakhogyhow; thatathemezőgazdaságotagriculturegépesítsemechanizeminélas soon as possibleelőbb.as soon as possible
- előbb
- as soon as possible
- 14
If I remember correctly, the Danube Ironworks were built about the same time. But industrialization requires considerable electric power and raw materials. Does the country have sufficient reserves of these?
Haifjólwellemlékszemmemento, memory, souvenirakkoribanin those days, at that timeépítettékbuildatheDunaiDanubeVasművetironworksis.alsoDebutazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'iparosításindustrializationsokmuch, many, lotnyersanyagotrawésandenergiátenergy, powerkíván.wish (v)VanI'm busy, I've something to doazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országnakcountryelégenough, quitetartalékareserveezekből?these - 15
Unfortunately Hungary is quite deficient both in electric power and in raw materials. The country lacks natural sources for energy.
SajnosunfortunatelyMagyarországHungarynyersanyagbanrawésandenergiábanenergy, powerelégenough, quiteszegény.poorTermészetescrop, yield, harvestenergiaforrásokenergy, powernincsenekthere aren't; you, they aren'tazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országban.country
- iparosítás
- industrialization
- 16
Because of its bulk and weight the transportation of raw material is costly. From where does the country obtain these materials?
Athenyersanyagokrawszállításashipping, transportsúlyukweightmiattbecause ofbiztosansurely, certainlynagyonveryköltséges.costly, expensiveHonnanwhere fromszerziobtains itbein, intoazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országcountryezekettheseazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'anyagokat?materials - 17
Oil, gas and ores come mostly from neighboring countries. Whenever possible transportation is by water which is more economical.
Olajat,oilgáztgasésandércetorefőlegmainlyatheszomszédosneighborországokból.countryAtheszállításshipping, transporthacsakif onlylehetit's possiblevíziútonwatertörténik,happen, occurmertbecauseazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'gazdaságosabb.economical - 18
So the industry of the country is mainly processing industry?
Ígyso, like thisazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országnakcountryfőlegmainlyfeldolgozóprocessing industryiparaprocessing industryvan?I'm busy, I've something to do
- költséges
- costly, expensive
- 19
Yes, and it's quite flourishing. According to published statistics steel and machinery production has doubled in the past few years.
Igen,yesésandeléggésufficiently, fairlyvirágzik.flowerAtheközzétettcommunity, public, collectivity; intermediate space, intervalstatisztikastatisticsszerintaccording toazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'utóbbilatterévekbenyearkétszereséretwiceemelkedettroseazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'acéltermeléssteelésandathegépgyártás.machine - 20
How were the skilled workers obtained for industry?
Hogyanhow; thatbiztosítottákinsureatheszakembereketexpert, specialistazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'iparprocessing industryszámára?for him (her, it) - 21
The mechanization of agriculture freed many workers who then went to work in factories. Many of them ultimately became engineers or technicians.
Athemezőgazdaságbanagricultureathegépesítésselmechanizesokmuch, many, lotmunkaerőmanpower, laborszabadultpermitted, allowed, freefel,upakikwhogyárakbafactorymentekthey went; you (plural) godolgozni.to workKözülükbetween themsokanmany (people)mentekthey went; you (plural) gomérnöknekengineerésandtechnikusnak.as a technician
- eléggé
- sufficiently, fairly
- statisztika
- statistics
- 22
Hungary, as an eastern bloc country, is a member of the Council of Mutual Economic Aid. What does this mean in practice?
Magyarország,Hungarymintas, likeathekeletieasterntömbblockországa,countrytagjamemberatheKölcsönösmutualGazdaságieconomicSegítséghelp (v)Tanácsának.council; advice, counselMitwhatjelentmean, indicate; reportezthisgyakorlatban?practice (n) - 23
It means that the eastern European countries co-ordinate their economic programs to determine what each country should produce.
Aztit meansjelenti,it meanshogyhow; thatathekelet-európaieastországokcountryösszehangoljákco-ordinate, harmonizegazdaságieconomicprogramjukattheir programme (object)ésandfelosztják,uphogyhow; thatmelyikwhichországcountrymitwhattermeljen.grow, cultivate, produce - 24
I think this is equally good for each of the countries. But I've heard that this year the country wants to export more. What export products does Hungarian industry produce?
Ezthisgondolom,thinkegyformánequally, alikejavárabe good for, benefitválikbe good for, benefitmindeneverything, allországnak.countryDebuthallottam,hearhogyhow; thatezthisévbenin the yearazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országcountrytöbbetmoreakarwant (v)exportálni.to exportMilyenwhat's it like, what kind, sort ofcikkeketarticle; goodstermelgrow, cultivate, produceathemagyarHungarianiparprocessing industrykülföldabroadszámára?for him (her, it) - 25
Chiefly machinery, tools and food. I've read that under competitive bidding a contract has been concluded with Argentina for machine tools and diesels.
Főlegmainlygépeket,machineműszereketinstrumentésandélelmiszert.provisions, foodstuffsOlvastam,readhogyhow; thategya, an; oneversenytárgyalásonbe able to compete withszerződéstmake a treatykötöttekknittedArgentinávalwith Argentinaszerszámgépekretoolésandmotorvonatokra.diesel engine(train)
- Kölcsönös
- mutual
- egyformán
- equally, alike
- exportálni
- to export
- 26
This certainly will be good business for the Ganz Wagon Works. But what does the food export consist of?
Ezthisbiztosansurely, certainlyjógoodüzletshop, store; businesslesz(he, she, it) will beatheGanzGanz (the Ganz engineering works)Wagongyárwagon works, railway-carriage factoryszámára.for him (her, it)Debutmibőlfrom what, out of whatállstand (v)azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'élelmiszerexport?provisions, foodstuffs - 27
Principally agricultural products and poultry. The western European countries purchase a lot of food products. Hungarian wines, in particular, are popular abroad.
Főkéntchiefly, mainlymezőgazdaságiagriculturaltermékbőlproductésandbaromfiból.poultryAthenyugat-európaiwestországokcountrysokmuch, many, lotélelmiszertprovisions, foodstuffsvesznekmake use of, take advantage ofmeg.let me examine him, her, itKülönösenspeciallynépszerűekpopularathemagyarHungarianborokwineskülföldön.abroad - 28
That doesn't surprise me, I like them too. But what is the situation concerning the availability of goods for consumption within the country? Is supply balanced with demand?
Ezenon thisnemunless, exceptcsodálkozom,I am surprisedmagammyselfisalsoszeretemI likeőket.themDebutmilyenwhat's it like, what kind, sort ofazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országcountrybelsőinside, inneráruellátása?goods, merchandiseEgyensúlybanbalance (n)vanI'm busy, I've something to doathekínálatoffer (n)athekereslettel?demand - 29
Well, it's certain that industry doesn't produce enough consumer goods, so there are many shortages.
Hátwell, to be surebizonycertainlyazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'iparprocessing industrysokmuch, many, lotfogyasztásiconsumers' goodscikkőlarticle; goodsnemunless, excepttermelgrow, cultivate, produceelegetenough, quiteésandezérttherefore, for this reasonsokmuch, many, lotathehiánycikk.article in short supply
- Főként
- chiefly, mainly
- 30
Is this the reason why the country cannot keep pace with the other European countries in raising its living standards?
Ezthisokozza,cause (v)hogyhow; thatazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országcountrynemunless, excepttudknowlépéstto keep pacetartanito keep paceazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'életszínvonalliving standardemelésébenraising, increasing, liftingathetöbbiand so forth, et ceteraeurópaiEuropeanországgal?country - 31
That's right. But, of course, much depends on agriculture. If crop production fails the whole economy is hurt, because then it's necessary to increase the importation of grains.
Ez.thisPerszeof courseazérttherefore, for that reasonsokmuch, many, lotmindeneverything, allfüggdepend; hangathemezőgazdaságtól.agricultureHaifrosszulbadly, poorlysikerülsucceedathetermés,crop, yield, harvestazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'árthurt, harm (v)azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'egészwhole, entiregazdaságnak,farmmertbecausenövelnito increasekellis needed, wanted, necessaryazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'importotimports (object)gabonából.corn, grain - 32
How does the distribution of goods take place?
Hogyanhow; thattörténikhappen, occurazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'áruelosztás?goods, merchandise
- tartani
- to keep pace
- 33
Through wholesale outlets.
Athenagykereskedelmibig, largevállalatokcompany, firmazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'elosztók.distributor - 34
Are the goods received directly from manufacturers?
Őktheyközvetlenüldirectlykapjákget, receivemeglet me examine him, her, itazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'ipartólprocessing industryazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'árut?goods, merchandise - 35
Yes, and then they pass on to the retail outlets as well as to the farmers' co-operatives. These are the channels to the consumer.
Igen,yesésandtovábbítjákpass on, forwardathekiskereskedelmisome, a littlevállalatoknak,company, firmvalamintjust as, as well asatheföldművesszövetkezeteknek.farmer, agricultural laborerÍgyso, like thisjutit occurs to her/him; it comes to his/her mindelaway, offazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'árugoods, merchandiseathefogyasztóhoz.use up, consume
- közvetlenül
- directly
- valamint
- just as, as well as
- 36
Some time ago I saw an economic map of Hungary and I noticed that industry was developed mainly in the large cities and along the rivers. Do you think this is advantageous from an economic point of view?
Athemúltkoribanthe other day, latelykezembemy handkerültget, arrive (somewhere)MagyarországHungarygazdaságieconomictérképe.mapÚgyso, like thatláttam,I sawhogyhow; thatazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'iparprocessing industryfőlegmainlyathenagybig, largevárosokbancityésandathefolyókrivermellettnext to, beside, byfejlődöttheadki.who; outGondolja,thinkhogyhow; thatezthiselőnyösadvantageous, favorable, profitablegazdaságieconomicszempontból?point of view - 37
By all means. The government is trying to industrialize the country evenly as much as possible. This is one of the essential conditions to prevent unemployment.
Feltétlenülby all means, without doubtaz.the (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'Athekormánysteering wheel; government, cabinetigyekszikstrive, endeavoramennyireas much ascsakonlylehetit's possibleegyenletesenevenly, uniformlyiparosítanicraftsman, tradesmanazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országot.countryEzthisazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'egyikone of thefontosimportantfeltételeconditionannak,of thathogyhow; thatnedon't swimálljonstand (v)előforth, out; (elő kell venni) has to be taken outmunkanélküliség.unemployment
- előnyös
- advantageous, favorable, profitable
- amennyire
- as much as
- egyenletesen
- evenly
- 38
Since everybody works for the state I don't think the question of self interest would jeopardize the implementation of the country's economic plans.
Minthogysince, asmindenkieverybodyazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'államnakstatedolgozik,work (v)gondolomthinkazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'egyéniindividual, personalérdekeltséginterest, concernkérdésequestionnemunless, exceptveszélyeztetiendanger, jeopardize, imperilathegazdaságieconomicterveknational economic planvégrehajtását.execution, fulfilment carrying out, enforcement - 39
This is one of the main concerns of a socialist economic system. But don't forget that the state enforces the laws with a very firm hand.
Ezthisazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'egyikone of thefőmain, principal, importantgondjaconcern, worry, troubleatheszocialistasocialistgazdaságieconomicrendszernek.system, methodDebutnedon't swimfelejtseforgetel,away, offhogyhow; thatazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'államstateerősstrongkézzelhandhajtjadrive (v)végreat last, finallyathetörvényeket.law
- Minthogy
- since
- szocialista
- socialist
Közmondások - Proverbs
A phrase with its own meaning
A múltkoriban kezembe került Magyarország gazdasági térképe. Some time ago I saw an economic map of Hungary.
Word for word, kezembe került says the map came into my hands. The English says 'I saw'.
Such a phrase is an idiom. Its meaning does not come from its parts, and a literal translation into English does not give it.
Szert tenni: to obtain
Sikerült szert tennie megfelelő könyvekre? Have you succeeded in obtaining appropriate books?
Szert tenni means 'to obtain'. Lépést tartani means 'to keep pace'. Neither meaning comes from a word for word reading.
The same is true the other way. English patterns put word for word into Hungarian may not be understood. At the least, they mark the speaker as a foreigner.
- 40
What happens to me today may happen to you tomorrow.
Matodaynekem,I liked itholnaptomorrowneked.to you, for you (familiar) - 41
Every household has its own customs.
Ahányas many asház,houseannyias much, as manyszokás.custom, habit - 42
People make plans, but God decides how things turn out.
Emberman, human beingtervez,national economic planIstenGodvégez.finish (v) - 43
Speech is silver, silence is gold.
Beszélnispeakezüst,silverhallgatnito be silent, to listenarany.gold - 44
A word is yours to control until you say it.
Addigtill, until, as far as that pointtiedyours (familiar)atheszó,wordmígwhile; untilkiwho; outnemunless, exceptmondtad.say, tell - 45
Do not put off until tomorrow what you can do today.
Amitwhich, thatmegtehetszlet me examine him, her, itma,todaynedon't swimhalaszdfish (n)holnapra.tomorrow - 46
No one can be a judge in his own case.
Senkinobodysemneither, nor, not; not ... eitherlehetit's possiblebírójudge (n)athemagayou; yourself, himself, herselfügyében.case, affair, matter - 47
Not everything that shines is gold.
Nemunless, exceptmindall, every, eacharany,goldamiwhich, thatfénylik.shines, glitters - 48
All is well if the end is well.
Mindeneverything, alljó,goodhaifathevégeend (n)jó.good
A. "Idiomatic" Expressions
In this Unit there are many examples of Hungarian constructions illustrating usage which is "unusual", "peculiar" or "idiomatic" from the student's point of view; based on his knowledge of Hungarian structure, the meanings of such expressions are "figurative", since the student cannot always derive these meanings from the constituent parts or elements comprising the whole. For example, a literal translation into English of szaván fogni, sokba kerül, or rossz szemmel nézni valamit, does not render the exact meaning that each phrase signals to a Hungarian; likewise, if an American uses English patterns in rendering such phrases into Hungarian, he may not be understood, or at the least his patterns of speech will immediately mark him as a foreigner to the native Hungarian speaker. The task of the student from this point on, therefore, is to pay particular attention to those phrases, expressions and constructions whose structural patterns do not correspond to the English structural frames. Since every language has an enormous number of such "idioms" that are peculiar to it and therefore identify, flavor, and characterize that language, the student needs to spend much time learning these "exceptions to the rule." The materials in the Hungarian Basic Course up to this point have concentrated almost exclusively on the development of the most common fundamental patterns of Hungarian speech. With these basic skills well developed, the student can now concentrate on the enrichment of his vocabulary and the development of fluency in the manipulation of these specialized figures of speech, a few examples of which are found in the basic sentences of this Unit. His knowledge of Hungarian will not really be complete until he has mastered all such idioms. Since in theory as well as in practice, idioms are the stuff of which dictionaries are made, a good Hungarian-English dictionary will be indispensable for him from now on. However, as there are a great many idioms, with more coming into existence every day, the student will have to depend more and more on the help of a native speaker to provide the subtleties that he will not always be able to find in a dictionary.Transformation Drill
- 49
Washingtonban az élet sokba kerül.
In Washington life costs a lot.
- 50
Mi járatban volt Budapesten?
What brought him to Budapest?
- 51
Mi járatban volt Budapesten?
What brought him to Budapest?
- 52
Ha segít, tiszta szívemből megköszönöm.
If you help, I will thank you from the bottom of my heart.
- 53
Ha segít, tiszta szívemből megköszönöm.
If you help, I will thank you from the bottom of my heart.
- 54
A lány férjhez megy.
The girl is getting married.
- 55
A lány férjhez megy.
The girl is getting married.
- 56
Nem tudtam Kováccsal beszélni, mert házon kívül volt.
I couldn't talk with Kovács, because he was away from home.
- 57
Nem tudtam Kováccsal beszélni, mert házon kívül volt.
I couldn't talk with Kovács, because he was away from home.
- 58
A gazdálkodók örülnek az esőnek.
The farmers are glad of the rain.
- 59
A gazdálkodók örülnek az esőnek.
The farmers are glad of the rain.
- 60
Szabót kinevezik követnek.
Szabó is being appointed envoy.
- 61
Válaszolnia kell a levélre.
He must answer the letter.
- 62
Válaszolnia kell a levélre.
He must answer the letter.
- 63
Leszokott a dohányzásról?
Has he given up smoking?
- 64
Leszokott a dohányzásról?
Has he given up smoking?
- 65
Ha nem ütött volna az óra éjfélt, nem mentem volna haza.
If the clock had not struck midnight, I would not have gone home.
- 66
Fehér elbúcsúzik a lányoktól.
Fehér is saying goodbye to the girls.
- 67
Tegnap találkoztam a barátommal.
Yesterday I met my friend.
- 68
Tegnap találkoztam a barátommal.
Yesterday I met my friend.
Translation Drill
- 69
Agricultural and industrial production play an important part in the economic development of every country.
Mindeneverything, allországcountrygazdaságieconomicéletébenlifefontosimportantszerepetrolejátszikplay (v)athemezőgazdaságiagriculturalésandazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'ipariindustrial apprenticetermelés.production - 70
At the beginning of the 20th century Hungary was an agricultural country.
MagyarországHungaryatheXX.20th (century)századcenturyelejénbeginningmezőgazdaságiagriculturalországcountryvolt.came up (in discussion) - 71
The country exported agricultural products to the West European countries and purchased machines from them.
Azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országcountrymezőgazdaságiagriculturaltermékeketproductexportáltexport (v)athenyugat-európaiwestállamokba,the United Statesahonnanfrom wheregépeketmachinevásárolt.purchase, buy, go shopping - 72
They began to develop industry in Hungary after World War I.
MagyarországHungaryiparátprocessing industryazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'elsőfirstvilágháborúworldutánafter, followingkezdtékstart, beginfelépíteni.half - 73
However, during World War II most of the industry in Hungary was destroyed.
Athemásodiksecondvilágháborúworldalattunderazonbannevertheless, howeverazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országcountrymeglevőlet me examine him, her, itiparánakprocessing industrylegnagyobbmostrészepartmegsemmisült.destroyed, annihilated - 74
After the war, people worked on the reconstruction of the country.
Atheháborúwarutánafter, followingazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'emberekman, human beingazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országcountryújjáépítésénreconstruction, rebuildingdolgoztak.they worked - 75
In 1948 the government nationalized the banks, factories and the larger companies.
Athekormánysteering wheel; government, cabinet1948-banin 1948államosítottastateathebankokat,bankgyárakatfactoryésandnagyobbbig, largevállalatokat.company, firm - 76
They wanted to build a strong industrial state; for this reason they concentrated on the development of heavy industry.
Erősstrongipariindustrial apprenticeállamotstateakartakwant (v)építeni,to buildezérttherefore, for this reasonelsősorbanfirstathenehézipartdifficult, heavyfejlesztették.head - 77
Later the government nationalized all the minor industrial and commercial enterprises also.
Későbblateathekormánysteering wheel; government, cabinetmindeneverything, allkisebbsmaller, lessipariindustrial apprenticeésandkereskedelmicommercialvállalatotcompany, firmisalsoállamosított.state - 78
No kind of (instrument of) production may be in private hands in the country, and thus in principle private enterprise is not possible.
Azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országbancountrysemmifélenothingtermelőeszközmeans of production, capital goodsnemunless, exceptlehetit's possiblemagántulajdonbanprivate property, ownershipésandígyso, like thismagánvállalkozásyou; yourself, himself, herselfelvilegtheoretically, in principlenemunless, exceptlehetséges.possible - 79
Hungary is poor in raw materials and natural energy; its reserve of these is small.
MagyarországHungarynyersanyagokbanrawésandtermészetescrop, yield, harvestenergiábanenergy, powerszegénypoorország,countryezekbőlthesekevéslittle, fewtartalékareservevan.I'm busy, I've something to do - 80
These are obtained mostly from neighboring countries.
Ezeketthesefőlegmainlyatheszomszédosneighborországokbólcountryszerzikthey obtain itbe.in, into - 81
Hungary is a member of the Council of Mutual Economic Aid.
MagyarországHungarytagjamemberatheKölcsönösmutualGazdaságieconomicSegítséghelp (v)Tanácsának.council; advice, counsel
- 82
The members of the Council of Mutual Economic Aid co-ordinate their production programs in industry as well as in agriculture.
AtheKölcsönösmutualGazdaságieconomicSegítséghelp (v)Tanácsánakcouncil; advice, counseltagjaimemberösszehangoljákco-ordinate, harmonizetermelésiproductionprogramjaikattheir programmes (object)úgyso, like thatazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'iparban,processing industrymintas, likeathemezőgazdaságban.agriculture - 83
Hungarian industry exports machines, tools, chemicals and agricultural products for the most part.
AthemagyarHungarianiparprocessing industryfőlegmainlygépeket,machineműszereket,instrumentvegyszereket,chemicals (object)ésandmezőgazdaságiagriculturaltermékeketproductszállíttransport, carrykülföldre.abroad - 84
Since animal husbandry is developed in the country, meat products are also exported.
Mivelbecause, since, as; with whatazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'állattenyésztésanimalfejlettdevelopedazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országban,countryhúsiparimeattermékeketproductisalsoexportálnak.export (v) - 85
There are countless (chemical) industrial plants in operation in the country, where chemicals and drugs are manufactured.
Azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országbancountryszámtalaninnumerable, countlessvegyiparichemical industryüzemplant, factory, millműködik,work, run, function, operateaholwherevegyszereketchemicals (object)ésandgyógyszereketmedicinegyártanak.manufacture, produce - 86
In the vicinity of Budapest there are numerous heavy industry enterprises which manufacture trucks, machine tools and instruments.
BudapestBudapestközelébennearszámosmany, numerousnehéziparidifficult, heavyvállalatcompany, firmvan,I'm busy, I've something to doaholwhereteherautókat,truckszerszámgépekettoolésandműszereketinstrumentgyártanak.manufacture, produce - 87
There is occasional trouble with the country's (domestic) supply of goods, when industry and agriculture do not produce enough consumer articles.
Azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országcountrybelsőinside, inneráruellátásávalgoods, merchandiseidőnkéntduring the entire timebajtrouble, ill, evilvan,I'm busy, I've something to doamikorwhenazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'iparprocessing industryésandathemezőgazdaságagriculturenemunless, excepttermelgrow, cultivate, produceelegetenough, quitefogyasztásiconsumers' goodscikkekből.article; goods - 88
When the demand for an individual article is greater than the supply, the state imports the merchandise from abroad.
Amikorwhenazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'egyesone; a (an)cikkekbőlarticle; goodsnagyobbbig, largeathekeresletdemandmintas, likeathekínálat,offer (n)azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'államstatekülföldrőlabroadimportálimportsárut.goods, merchandise - 89
The state commercial companies occupy themselves with the distribution of goods.
Azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'árugoods, merchandiseelosztásávaldistributionazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'államistatekereskedelmicommercialvállalatokcompany, firmfoglalkoznak.reserve; occupy - 90
The wholesale enterprises take over the products directly from industry.
Azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'ipartólprocessing industryközvetlenüldirectlyathenagykereskedelmibig, largevállalatokcompany, firmveszikmake use of, take advantage ofátthrough, across, overathetermékeket.product - 91
The merchandise gets to the consumer through the retail enterprises and the shops of the agricultural co-operatives.
Azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'árugoods, merchandiseathekiskereskedelmisome, a littlevállalatokcompany, firmésandatheföldművesszövetkezetekfarmer, agricultural laborerboltjaibólshopsjutit occurs to her/him; it comes to his/her mindelaway, offathefogyasztóhoz.use up, consume - 92
The craftsmen, who had their own shops before, now work in factories or in (craftsmen's) co-operatives.
Azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'iparosok,craftsman, tradesmanakiknekwhorégenlong agosajátownműhelyükworkroom, workshopvolt,came up (in discussion)mostnowgyárakbanfactoryvagyorkisiparicraftsmen's co-operativetermelőszövetkezetekbencraftsmen's co-operativedolgoznak.they work - 93
The craftsmen's co-operatives perform important repair and service work too.
Athekisiparicraftsmen's co-operativetermelőszövetkezetekcraftsmen's co-operativefontosimportantjavítórepair (v)ésandszolgáltatóservemunkátwork, labor, jobisalsovégeznek.finish (v) - 94
In the socialist economic system of Hungary, production, distribution and the execution of plans are under the supervision of the state.
MagyarországHungaryszocialistasocialistgazdaságieconomicrendszerébensystem, methodathetermelés,productionazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'elosztásdistributionésandatheterveknational economic planvégrehajtásaexecution, fulfilment carrying out, enforcementazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'államstateellenőrzésévelsupervision, controltörténik.happen, occur
Response Drill
- 95
What changes took place in Hungary after the war?
Milyenwhat's it like, what kind, sort ofváltozásokchange (v)történtekbreakMagyarországonin Hungaryatheháborúwarután?after, following - 96
What objects can be privately owned in Hungary?
Milyenwhat's it like, what kind, sort oftárgyakobject, article, thinglehetnekit's possiblemagántulajdonbanprivate property, ownershipMagyarországon?in Hungary - 97
Why can't there be private enterprise in the country?
Miértwhynemunless, exceptlehetit's possiblemagánvállalkozásyou; yourself, himself, herselfazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országban?country - 98
Which branch of industry did the state develop fastest?
Melyikwhichiparágatprocessing industryfejlesztetteheadazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'államstateleggyorsabban?most - 99
What did the state strive for with the rapid development of industry?
Mirefor what, to whattörekedettbreakazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'államstateazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'iparprocessing industrygyorsfast, rapid, quickfejlesztésével?development - 100
What two important things does industrialization require?
Milyenwhat's it like, what kind, sort ofkéttwofontosimportantdolgotwork, task; thing, matter, stuff, objectkívánwish (v)azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'iparosítás?industrialization - 101
When does a country have to import raw materials and energy?
Mikorwhenkellis needed, wanted, necessaryimportálnito importnyersanyagotrawésandenergiátenergy, poweregya, an; oneországnak?country - 102
How are raw materials shipped from abroad?
Hogyanhow; thattörténikhappen, occurathenyersanyagokrawszállításashipping, transportkülföldről?abroad - 103
What production has doubled according to the statistics?
Milyenwhat's it like, what kind, sort oftermelésproductionemelkedettrosekétszereséretwiceathestatisztikastatisticsszerint?according to
- 104
How were the skilled workers obtained for industry?
Hogyanhow; thatbiztosítottákinsureatheszakembereketexpert, specialistazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'iparprocessing industryszámára?for him (her, it) - 105
Of what economic organization is Hungary a member?
Milyenwhat's it like, what kind, sort ofgazdaságieconomicszervezetnekorganizetagjamemberMagyarország?Hungary - 106
What does it mean in practice that the country is a member of this organization?
Mitwhatjelentmean, indicate; reportazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'gyakorlatban,practice (n)hogyhow; thatazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országcountrytagjamemberennekto thisatheszervezetnek?organize - 107
What articles does Hungary produce for foreign countries?
Milyenwhat's it like, what kind, sort ofcikkeketarticle; goodstermelgrow, cultivate, produceMagyarországHungarykülföldabroadszámára?for him (her, it) - 108
Which branch of agriculture is developed in the country?
Athemezőgazdaságagriculturemelyikwhichágabranchfejlettdevelopedazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országban?country - 109
What Hungarian goods are popular abroad?
Milyenwhat's it like, what kind, sort ofmagyarHungarianárukgoods, merchandisenépszerűekpopularkülföldön?abroad - 110
What must be in balance in the country's internal supply of goods?
Azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országcountrybelsőinside, inneráruellátásábangoods, merchandiseminekwhat for, whykellis needed, wanted, necessaryegysúlybanone; a (an)lenni?below, beneath, down - 111
What happens if not enough consumer goods are produced?
Miwe; whattörténik,happen, occurhaifnemunless, excepttermelnekgrow, cultivate, produceelégenough, quitefogyasztásiconsumers' goodscikket?article; goods - 112
In what must the country keep pace with the other countries?
Mibenwhat does it costkellis needed, wanted, necessarylépéstto keep pacetartanito keep paceathetöbbiand so forth, et ceteraországgal?country
- 113
If the agricultural harvest turns out badly, what does that result in for the country?
Haifrosszulbadly, poorlysikerülsucceedathemezőgazdaságiagriculturaltermés,crop, yield, harvestmitwhateredményezresult, outcome, scoreazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országban?country - 114
How does the distribution of goods take place in Hungary?
Hogyanhow; thattörténikhappen, occurazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'áruelosztásgoods, merchandiseMagyarországon?in Hungary - 115
Through what stores do the goods reach the consumers?
Milyenwhat's it like, what kind, sort ofüzletekbőlshopsjutit occurs to her/him; it comes to his/her mindelaway, offazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'árugoods, merchandiseathefogyasztókhoz?use up, consume - 116
Where do the craftsmen who formerly had their own workshops work now?
Holwheredolgoznakthey workmostnowazokthoseazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'iparosok,craftsman, tradesmanakiknekwhorégenlong agosajátownműhelyükworkroom, workshopvolt?came up (in discussion) - 117
What production goes on in the factories?
Milyenwhat's it like, what kind, sort oftermelésproductionfolyikflows, goes on, continuesathegyárakban?factory - 118
What work do the small-industry producers' cooperatives do?
Milyenwhat's it like, what kind, sort ofmunkátwork, labor, jobvégeznekfinish (v)athekisiparicraftsmen's co-operativetermelőszövetkezetek?craftsmen's co-operative - 119
Where has industry developed chiefly in Hungary?
Holwherefejlődöttheadkiwho; outfőlegmainlyazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'iparprocessing industryMagyarországon?in Hungary - 120
What is not advantageous from the country's economic point of view?
Miwe; whatnemunless, exceptelőnyösadvantageous, favorable, profitableazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országcountrygazdaságieconomicszempontjából?point of view - 121
What does the government try to do as far as possibilities allow?
Mitwhatigyekszikstrive, endeavorcsinálnito do, makeathekormánysteering wheel; government, cabinetathelehetőségekhezit's possibleképest?picture
- 122
What is an important condition for unemployment not to arise?
Miwe; whatathefontosimportantfeltételeconditionannak,of thathogyhow; thatnedon't swimálljonstand (v)előforth, out; (elő kell venni) has to be taken outmunkanélküliség?unemployment - 123
What factor can endanger the carrying out of the economic plans?
Milyenwhat's it like, what kind, sort oftényezőfactorveszélyeztethetiendanger, jeopardize, imperilathegazdaságieconomicterveknational economic planvégrehajtását?execution, fulfilment carrying out, enforcement - 124
How does the state try to ensure the development of the national economy?
Hogyanhow; thatpróbáljatrybiztosítanito insureazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'államstateathenépgazdaságnational economyfejlesztését?development
Conversation Practice 1
- 125
When did radical changes take place in Hungarian economic life?
Mikorwhentörténtekbreakgyökeresfundamental, radicalváltozásokchange (v)athemagyarHungariangazdaságieconomicéletben?life - 126
After the war, when the country was rebuilt and nationalized.
Atheháborúwarután,after, followingamikorwhenazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országotcountryújjáépítettékthey rebuilt itésandállamosították.state - 127
What did the government nationalize first?
Mitwhatállamosítottstateelőszörthe first time; the first placeathekormány?steering wheel; government, cabinet - 128
First the banks, factories and larger enterprises. Later it nationalized smaller industrial and commercial enterprises too.
Előszörthe first time; the first placeathebankokat,bankgyárakatfactoryésandnagyobbbig, largevállalatokat.company, firmKésőbblatepedighowever, but, yet, nevertheless, on the other handkisebbsmaller, lessipariindustrial apprenticeésandkereskedelmicommercialvállalatokatcompany, firmisalsoállamosított.state - 129
What means cannot be privately owned in the country?
Milyenwhat's it like, what kind, sort ofeszközökinstrument, tool, equipmentnemunless, exceptlehetnekit's possiblemagántulajdonbanprivate property, ownershipazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országban?country - 130
Means of production and those objects that exceed the needs of the individual.
Termelőeszközökmeans of production, capital goodsésandazokthoseathetárgyak,object, article, thingamelyekwhich, that (plural)meghaladjáksurpass, exceedazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'egyénone; a (an)szükségleteit.need, want (n) - 131
In principle, what is not possible in the Hungarian economic system?
Elvilegtheoretically, in principlemiwe; whatnemunless, exceptlehetségespossibleathemagyarHungariangazdaságieconomicrendszerben?system, method - 132
Private enterprise is not possible, because everything that is a means of production is the property of the state.
Magánvállalkozásyou; yourself, himself, herselfnemunless, exceptlehetséges,possiblemertbecauseminden,everything, allamiwhich, thattermelőeszközmeans of production, capital goodsazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'államstatetulajdona.property, own
Conversation Practice 2
- 133
How was heavy industry developed in the country?
Hogyanhow; thatfejlesztettékheadazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országbancountryathenehézipart?difficult, heavy - 134
Many machine factories were built throughout the country.
Sokmuch, many, lotgépgyáratmachineépítettekbuildszerteall over, everywhereazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országban.country - 135
What did the state strive for when it developed industry?
Mirefor what, to whattörekedettbreakazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'állam,stateamikorwhenazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'ipartprocessing industryfejlesztette?head - 136
To mechanize agriculture as soon as possible.
Arra,onto that, in that directionhogyhow; thatathemezőgazdaságotagricultureminélas soon as possibleelőbbas soon as possiblegépesítse.mechanize - 137
What is Hungary poor in that is important for industrialization?
Mibenwhat does it costszegénypoorMagyarország,Hungaryamiwhich, thatfontosimportantazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'iparosításhoz?industrialization - 138
The country is poor in raw materials and energy, so both must be imported.
Azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országcountrynyersanyagokbanrawésandenergiábanenergy, powerszegény,poorígyso, like thismindkettőtall, every, eachimportálnito importkell.is needed, wanted, necessary - 139
How are raw materials shipped from the neighboring countries?
Hogyanhow; thattörténikhappen, occurathenyersanyagokrawszállításashipping, transportatheszomszédosneighborországokból?country - 140
Chiefly by rail or by waterway, because these are the most economical.
Főlegmainlyvasútonrailroadvagyorvíziútonwatertörténik,happen, occurmertbecauseezektheseatheleggazdaságosabbak.most
Conversation Practice 3
- 141
How were the skilled workers obtained for industry?
Hogyanhow; thatbiztosítottákinsureatheszakembereketexpert, specialistazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'iparprocessing industryszámára?for him (her, it) - 142
The labor freed by mechanization went from agriculture to work in industry.
Athegépesítésselmechanizefelszabadultget free, released, liberatedmunkaerőmanpower, laborathemezőgazdaságbólagricultureazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'iparbaprocessing industrymentwentdolgozni.to work - 143
What did the East European countries do in the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance?
MitwhatcsináltakWhat did you do in America?athekelet-európaieastországokcountryatheKölcsönösmutualGazdaságieconomicSegítséghelp (v)Tanácsában?council; advice, counsel - 144
They coordinated their economic programs and divided up production.
Összehangoltákco-ordinate, harmonizegazdaságieconomicprogramjaikattheir programmes (object)ésandfelosztottákupathetermelést.production - 145
What articles are produced in Hungary for export?
Milyenwhat's it like, what kind, sort ofcikkeketarticle; goodstermelnekgrow, cultivate, produceMagyarországonin Hungaryazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'exportexportszámára?for him (her, it) - 146
Chiefly machines, instruments and agricultural products.
Főlegmainlygépeket,machineműszereketinstrumentésandmezőgazdaságiagriculturaltermékeket.product - 147
When are supply and demand not in balance in the country?
Mikorwhennincsthere's no(t)egyensúlybanbalance (n)azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országbancountryathekínálatoffer (n)athekereslettel?demand - 148
When industry and agriculture do not produce enough consumer goods.
Amikorwhenazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'iparprocessing industryésandathemezőgazdaságagriculturenemunless, excepttermelgrow, cultivate, produceelegetenough, quiteathefogyasztásiconsumers' goodscikkekből.article; goods
Conversation Practice 4
- 149
How does the distribution of goods take place in the country?
Hogyanhow; thattörténikhappen, occurazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'áruelosztásgoods, merchandiseazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országban?country - 150
The goods go from industry to the wholesale, then the retail enterprises, and from there to the consumers.
Azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'árugoods, merchandiseazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'ipartólprocessing industryathenagykereskedelmi,big, largemajdthen, laterathekiskereskedelmisome, a littlevállalatokhoz,company, firmsand so forth, et ceteraonnanfrom there, from that placeathefogyasztókhozuse up, consumekerül.get, arrive (somewhere) - 151
What work do the small-industry producers' cooperatives do?
Milyenwhat's it like, what kind, sort ofmunkátwork, labor, jobvégeznekfinish (v)athekisiparicraftsmen's co-operativetermelőszövetkezetek?craftsmen's co-operative - 152
They do important repair and service work.
Fontosimportantjavítórepair (v)ésandszolgáltatóservemunkátwork, labor, jobvégeznek.finish (v) - 153
Where has industry developed chiefly in Hungary?
Holwherefejlődöttheadkiwho; outfőlegmainlyazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'iparprocessing industryMagyarországon?in Hungary - 154
It has developed chiefly in the large cities and along the rivers.
Főlegmainlyathenagyvárosokbanbig, largeésandathefolyókrivermellettnext to, beside, byfejlődöttheadki.who; out - 155
What can endanger the carrying out of the economic plans in the Communist countries?
Miwe; whatveszélyeztethetiendanger, jeopardize, imperilathegazdaságieconomicterveknational economic planvégrehajtásátexecution, fulfilment carrying out, enforcementathekommunistacommunistországokban?country - 156
The lack of individual interest and personal responsibility.
Azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'egyéniindividual, personalérdekeltséginterest, concernésandatheszemélyesperson, individualfelelősségresponsiblehiánya.lack
Narrative
- 157
Once, long ago, Hungary was an agricultural country.
Valamikorsome, somethingrégenlong agoMagyarországHungarymezőgazdaságiagriculturalországcountryvolt.came up (in discussion) - 158
On the Alföld mainly grain was grown, in the Dunántúl and other parts of the country vegetables and fruit.
Azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'Alföldönlowland, plainfőlegmainlygabonát,corn, grainatheDunántúlonTransdanubiaésandazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országcountrymáselse, other, differentrészeibenpartzöldségfélétvegetableésandgyümölcsötfruittermeltek.grow, cultivate, produce - 159
In this period the agricultural products were exported to the western European countries, from which machines, vehicles and other equipment were purchased.
Athemezőgazdaságiagriculturaltermékeketproductebbenin thisazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'időszakbanperiod, timeathenyugat-európaiwestországokbacountryexportálták,export (v)ahonnanfrom wheregépeket,machinejárműveketvehicleésandegyébother, elsefelszereléseketequipmentvásároltak.purchase, buy, go shopping - 160
Industry played a secondary role in the country's economic life, and its development progressed only slowly.
Azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'iparprocessing industrymásodrendűsecond-rateszerepetrolejátszottplayedazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országcountrygazdaságieconomicéletébenlifesand so forth, et ceteraathefejlesztésedevelopmentcsakonlylassanslowlyhaladt.progress, advance - 161
Between the two wars they began to build up industry in Hungary.
Athekéttwoháborúwarközöttbetween, amongkezdtékstart, beginfelépítenihalfazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'ipartprocessing industryMagyarországon.in Hungary - 162
During the Second World War, however, the greater part of the existing Hungarian industry was destroyed.
Athemásodiksecondvilágháborúworldalattunderazonbannevertheless, howeverathemeglevőlet me examine him, her, itmagyarHungarianiparprocessing industrylegnagyobbmostrészepartmegsemmisült.destroyed, annihilated - 163
After the war the country's economic life was reorganized and planned economy was introduced.
Atheháborúwarutánafter, followingazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országcountrygazdaságieconomicéletétlifeújjászerveztékthey reorganized itésandbevezettékthey introduced itathetervgazdálkodást.planned economy, controlled economy - 164
The government strove first to rebuild the country, and then to develop industry.
Athekormánysteering wheel; government, cabinetarraonto that, in that directiontörekedett,breakhogyhow; thatelőszörthe first time; the first placeújjáépítse(that) he rebuild itazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országot,countryazutánafterwardspedighowever, but, yet, nevertheless, on the other handfejlesszeheadazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'ipart.processing industry - 165
The reorganization of economic life took place through the application of socialist economic theories, on the basis of the system prevailing in the Soviet Union.
Athegazdaságieconomicéletlifeátszervezésereorganizeatheszocialistasocialistgazdaságieconomicelméletektheoryalkalmazásávaladoption, application, usetörténtbreakatheSzovjetunióbanSoviet Unionuralkodóruling, reigningrendszersystem, methodalapján.base, basis - 166
The government nationalized the factories, banks and enterprises and regulated the question of private property.
Athekormánysteering wheel; government, cabinetállamosítottastateathegyárakat,factorybankokat,bankvállalatokatcompany, firmésandszabályoztaregulateathemagántulajdonprivate property, ownershipkérdését.question - 167
In the economic plans the aim was, first of all, the development of heavy industry.
Athegazdaságieconomictervekbennational economic planelsősorbanfirstathenehézipardifficult, heavyfejlesztésedevelopmentvoltcame up (in discussion)athecél.aim, purpose; goal - 168
Many machines had to be manufactured for agriculture.
Athemezőgazdaságagricultureszámárafor him (her, it)sokmuch, many, lotgépetmachinekellettis needed, wanted, necessarygyártani.manufacture, produce - 169
With huge investments the state built new iron and machine works and took steps to increase the production of the mines.
Hatalmasmighty, powerful, enormousberuházásokkalinvestmentazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'államstateújnewvas-iron (metal)ésandgépgyárakatmachineépítettbuildsand so forth, et ceteralépéseketsteptettput; didarra,onto that, in that directionhogyhow; thatnöveljékincrease (v)athebányákmine (n)termelését.production - 170
Industrialization requires a great deal of raw materials and energy.
Azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'iparosításindustrializationsokmuch, many, lotnyersanyagotrawésandenergiátenergy, powerkíván.wish (v) - 171
Since the country is poor in raw materials and has no natural sources of energy, imports of these are needed.
Mivelbecause, since, as; with whatazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országcountryszegénypoornyersanyagokban,rawtermészetescrop, yield, harvestenergiaforrásaienergy, powerpedighowever, but, yet, nevertheless, on the other handnincsenek,there aren't; you, they aren'tezekbőlthesebehozatalraimport (n)vanI'm busy, I've something to doszükség.need (n) - 172
The state obtains the iron ore, wood, oil and other important raw materials needed for industry chiefly from the neighboring countries.
Azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'iparprocessing industryszámárafor him (her, it)szükségesnecessaryvasércet,iron (metal)fát,tree, wood (object)olajatoilésandegyébother, elsefontosimportantnyersanyagokatrawfőlegmainlyatheszomszédosneighborországokbólcountryszerziobtains itbein, intoazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'állam.state - 173
Transport is by rail or on the Danube, because the use of the waterway is the cheapest.
Atheszállításshipping, transportvasúton,railroadvagyoratheDunánon the Danubetörténik,happen, occurmertbecauseathevíziútwaterhasználatause (v)athelegolcsóbb.most - 174
To increase energy production the state built power plants, but these cannot satisfy the needs of industry.
Azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'energiatermelésenergy, powerfokozásáraincrease, speeding uperőműveketpower plantépítettbuildazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'állam,stateazonbannevertheless, howeverezekthesenemunless, excepttudjákknowkielégítenito satisfyazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'iparprocessing industryszükségletét.need, want (n) - 175
In Hungary electric power is obtained chiefly from coal.
Athevillamosstreetcarenergiátenergy, powerMagyarországonin Hungaryelsősorbanfirstszénbőlfrom coalnyerik.win, obtain
- 176
Hungarian industry and agriculture export many goods every year.
AthemagyarHungarianiparprocessing industryésandmezőgazdaságagricultureéventeyearsokmuch, many, lotárutgoods, merchandiseexportál.export (v) - 177
The products of the chemical, machine, textile and precision instrument industries are well known in many countries.
Athevegyipar,chemical industrygépipar,machinetextilipartextile industryésandatheműszeriparinstrumenttermékeiproductszámosmany, numerousországbancountryjólismertek.well - 178
The foreign trade enterprises display the products of Hungarian industry at exhibitions in various countries for the world market.
Athekülkereskedelmiforeign-tradevállalatokcompany, firmkiállításokonexhibitionmutatjákshowbein, intoathemagyarHungarianiparprocessing industrytermékeitproductkülönbözővariousországokbancountryathevilágpiacworldszámára.for him (her, it) - 179
In many countries Hungarian engineers build factories, bridges and other installations, for which the country receives foreign currency.
Számosmany, numerousországbancountrymagyarHungarianmérnökökengineerépítenekbuildgyárakat,factoryhidakatbridges (object)ésandmáselse, other, differentberendezéseket,equipment, plant (object)amelyekértfor which (plural)azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országcountrydevizátCan they get foreign currency?kap.get, receive - 180
Developed animal husbandry is also carried on in the country.
Azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országbancountryfejlettdevelopedállattenyésztésanimalisalsofolyik.flows, goes on, continues - 181
A large quantity of fish is caught every year from the larger rivers and lakes, which comes into circulation on the domestic and foreign markets.
Athenagyobbbig, largefolyókbólriverésandtavakbóllakeéventeyearnagymennyiségűbig, largehalatfish (n)fognakcatch, holdki,who; outmelywhichathehazaihome; fatherlandésandkülföldiforeignpiacokonmarketkerülget, arrive (somewhere)forgalomba.traffic; trade, commerce - 182
In the mountainous regions there are many forests, but these cannot ensure the supply of wood.
Athehegyesmountainvidékekencountryside, region, districtsokmuch, many, lotazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'erdő,forestezektheseazonbannevertheless, howevernemunless, excepttudjákknowbiztosítanito insureathefaellátást.timber supply (object) - 183
In the country's economic system private enterprise is not possible, so everyone works either for the state or for cooperatives.
Azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'országcountrygazdaságieconomicrendszerébensystem, methodmagánvállalkozásyou; yourself, himself, herselfnemunless, exceptlehetséges,possibleígyso, like thismindenkieverybodyvagyorazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'államnakstatevagyorszövetkezeteknekco-operativedolgozik.work (v) - 184
The state forced the peasants by strict decrees into agricultural producers' cooperatives, and left only a small piece of land around their house for their own cultivation.
Azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'államstateatheparasztokatpeasantszigorústrictrendeletekkelorder (v)mezőgazdaságiagriculturaltermelőszövetkezetekbecraftsmen's co-operativekényszerítette,force, presssand so forth, et ceteracsakonlykissome, a littledarabpiece; playföldetland, soil, earthhagyottleave, let, allowmeglet me examine him, her, itsajátownművelésrecultivationatheházukhousekörül.around - 185
The formerly independent craftsmen also could not continue their work in their own workshops.
Atherégenlong agoönállóindependentiparosokcraftsman, tradesmansemneither, nor, not; not ... eitherfolytathattákcontinuetovábbfurther, aheadmunkájukatwork, labor, jobsajátownműhelyeikben.workroom, workshop - 186
Some of them went to work in factories where mass production goes on, and the others work in the small-industry producers' cooperatives.
Egya, an; onerészükpartgyárakbafactorymentwentdolgoznito workaholwheretömegtermelésmass, crowdfolyik,flows, goes on, continuesmásikotherrészükpartpedighowever, but, yet, nevertheless, on the other handathekisiparicraftsmen's co-operativetermelőszövetkezetekbencraftsmen's co-operativedolgozik.work (v) - 187
In the producers' cooperatives the means of production are group property.
Athetermelőszövetkezetekbencraftsmen's co-operativeathetermelésiproductioneszközökinstrument, tool, equipmentcsoporttulajdonbangroup (n)vannak.are (they are, there are) - 188
It follows from this that the management of the producers' cooperatives differs to a certain degree from the management of the state enterprises.
Ebbőlit follows that, consequentlyazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'következik,it follows that, consequentlyhogyhow; thattermelőszövetkezetekcraftsmen's co-operativegazdálkodásaits farming, its managementbizonyoscertainlyfokigdegree; level, gradeeltérdeviate from; departazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'államistatevállalatokcompany, firmgazdálkodásától.on its farming, on its management - 189
The state enterprises depend entirely on the ministries; the ministries decide every question.
Azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'államistatevállalatokcompany, firmteljesenentirely, totally, completelyatheminisztériumoktólMinistry of National Defensefüggenek,depend; hangatheminisztériumokMinistry of National Defensedöntenekdecide, rulemindeneverything, allkérdésben.question - 190
The producers' cooperatives can mostly decide production questions themselves, and they must also raise the sources for expanding production themselves.
Athetermelőszövetkezetekcraftsmen's co-operativelegtöbbszörmostmagukyour (pl.) suitcasedönthetnekdecide, ruleathetermelésiproductionkérdésekbenquestionésandathetermelésproductionbővítésénekenlarge, widenforrásaitsource, springisalsomaguknakfor you, to youkellis needed, wanted, necessaryelőteremteniük.to procure, produce - 191
Besides this, they must strive for the regular employment of their members.
Ezenkívülon thistörekedniükto strivekellis needed, wanted, necessaryathetagjaikmemberrendszeresconstant, systematicalfoglalkoztatására.reserve; occupy - 192
In their own interest they must organize their production so as to obtain as large a gross income as possible.
Termelésüketproductionsajátownérdekükbőlinterest (n)úgyso, like thatkellis needed, wanted, necessarymegszervezniük,to organizehogyhow; thatminélthe more ... the morenagyobbbig, largebruttógrossjövedelemreincometegyenekput downszert.obtain, acquire - 193
A part of the gross income they may use for paying the cooperative members for their work, and another part for accumulation.
Athebruttógrossjövedelemincomeegya, an; onerészétpartathetermelőszövetkezeticraftsmen's co-operativetagokmembermunkadíjazására,work, labor, jobmásikotherrészétpartpedighowever, but, yet, nevertheless, on the other handfelhalmozásraaccumulation, heaping, pilingfordíthatják.translate; turn; spend, allocate (money)
- 194
In production, individual interest and personal responsibility play an important part everywhere.
Athetermelésbenproductionazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'egyéniindividual, personalérdekeltséginterest, concernésandatheszemélyesperson, individualfelelősségresponsiblemindenholeverywhere, at all points, all overfontosimportantszerepetrolejátszik.play (v) - 195
Since in the socialist economic system objects exceeding the needs of the individual and means of production cannot be privately owned, these two factors mentioned above are often lacking in production.
Mivelbecause, since, as; with whatatheszocialistasocialistgazdaságieconomicrendszerbensystem, methodazthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'egyénone; a (an)szükségleteitneed, want (n)meghaladósurpass, exceedtárgyakobject, article, thingésandtermelőeszközökmeans of production, capital goodsnemunless, exceptlehetnekit's possiblemagántulajdonban,private property, ownershipethis month'sfentemlítettup, abovekéttwotényezőfactorgyakranoftenhiányziklackathetermelésből.production - 196
This often endangers the carrying out of the economic plans.
Ezthisathegazdaságieconomicterveknational economic planvégrehajtásátexecution, fulfilment carrying out, enforcementsokszormany times, frequentlyveszélyezteti.endanger, jeopardize, imperil - 197
The state, of course, tries to ensure the development of the national economy by the strict enforcement of the laws.
Azthe (before a vowel); also 'that' in 'az a ...'államstatetermészetesenof course, naturallyathetörvényeklawszigorústrictvégrehajtásávalexecution, fulfilment carrying out, enforcementpróbáljatrybiztosítanito insureathenépgazdaságnational economyfejlesztését.development
The particulars
- The course
- Foreign Service Institute, Hungarian Basic Course, Washington, 1962. Public domain. The teaching pages, the glosses and the narration of lines the tape lacks are ours.
- Reading aloud
- Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
- The book
- Gulliver’s Fifth and Sixth Voyages, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents