Japanese · Lesson 102
Lesson 104
Reading Japan
Ferry directions to the island · Dialogue 1 of 6
The route to Miyajima
*列車で 広島へ行き、そこから 電車で 行けばよい* means "You should go to Hiroshima by train and from there by electric train."
The electric train leaves from Koi Station. Miyajima-Guchi is its terminal. The traveler gets off there and crosses to Miyajima by ferry.
The island across the water
Itsukushima, also called Miyajima, is an island about 19 miles around. It is noted for its scenery and shrine.
The shrine stands on supports in the sea. A ferry from the pier near Miyajima-Guchi Station reaches the island.
Kanji: 絡
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 1
きみはかんさいちほうにいったときにみやじまにもいったらいいといったね。
You said that I should go to Miyajima when I go to Kansai area, didn’t you?
君youはtopic関西Kansai地方regionにto行っgoたpast時whenにat宮島Miyajimaにtoもalso行っgoたらifいいshouldとquote言っsayたpastね。right? - 2
そう。
Yes, I did,
そう。yes - 3
みやじまへはどういったらいいのかね。
How should I get to Miyajima?
宮島Miyajimaへtowardはtopicどうhow行っgoたらifいいshouldのit isかquestionね。right? - 4
れっしゃでひろしまへいき、そこからでんしゃでいけばよい。ひろしましのこいえきからでんしゃがでている。
You should go to Hiroshima by train and from there you should go by electric train. The electric train leaves from Koi station in Hiroshima.
列車trainでby広島Hiroshimaへtoward行き、goそこthereからfrom電車electric trainでby行けgoばifよい。should広島Hiroshima City市Hiroshima Cityの's己斐Koi Station駅Koi Stationからfrom電車electric trainがsubject出leavesてleavesいる。leaves - 5
で、どこでおりるんかね。
And where do you get off?
で、andどこwhereでat降りるget offんit isかquestionね。right? - 6
みやじまぐちがでんしゃのしゅうてんだから、そこでおりて、れんらくせんでみやじまへわたるんだ。
Since Miyajima-Guchi is a terminal point of the electric train, you get off there and cross over to Miyajima by ferry.
宮島Miyajima-Guchi口Miyajima-Guchiがsubject電車electric trainの's終terminalてterminalんterminalだisから、becauseそこthereでat降りget offて、get off連絡ferry船ferryでby宮島Miyajimaへtowardわたるcross overんit isだ。is
Particle MO following a number. An extent expression consisting of a number or quantity word + particle MO, followed by an affirmative, means ”as much as _,” ”as many as _,” or ”as long as _,” etc., indicating that in the given context, the amount is large. Examples: SANJIKAN MO MATASAREMASHITA. ”I was made to wait as long as three hours.” SAMMAN-EN MO SHAKKIN GA ARU. ”I am in debt to the extent of a thirty-thousand yen.” GONEN MO NIPPONGO O BENKYOO SHITA. ”I have studied Japanese as long as 5 years.” ANO HITO WA RAINEN HACHIJUU NI MO NARU. ”He will be as old as eighty next year.”MIYAJIMA Itsukushima, also called Miyajima, is an island about 19 miles in circumference, noted for its magnificent scenery and its shrine, which is built on supports running into the sea. It is reached by ferryboat from the pier which is a few minutes walk from Miyajima-Guchi Station.2 Itsukushima Shrine Itsukushima Shrine is dedicated to the three daughters of Susanoo-no-Mikoto, a Shintoo God--Princesses Ichikishima, Tagori, and Tagitsu. It is of very ancient origin and there are records of its existence as far back as 811 A.D. The buildings, which have been constructed several times, at present consist of the main shrine and several subsidiary shrines and buildings, all connected by broad corridors or galleries which stretch over the sea on both sides of the shrine, so that when the tide is coming in the whole edifice seems to be floating on the surface of the sea. The main shrine consists of three parts: the holy of holies, where the goddesses dwell; the inner part which only the priests enter; and the outer part for public worship. Along the corridor in front of the shrine are exhibited the utensils and sacred vessels used in Shintoo worship.SENJOO-KAKU and PAGODA The Senjoo-kaku, or Hall of a thousand mats, is the time-worn building situated to the left of the shrine. It contains about 450 mats and was dedicated to the shrine by Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536-1598), who is said to have built the structure out of the wood of a single camphor-tree. Thousands of rice-scoops in this building, each inscribed with the donor’s name, are offerings to the gods. This custom originated in a play upon words. In 1894, while soldiers quartered there awaiting transportation to the Sino-Japanese War Theatre, they started offering their rice-scoops to gods as a kind of prayer for victory and safe return. The word ”meshi-toru”, meaning ”rice-taking”, as well as ”to conquer” started from this prayer offering.TORII The huge camphor-wood TORII rising out of the sea about 530 feet from the shore was erected in 1875. It is 53.3 feet high and 38.6 feet wide in the span between the two inner columns. It differs from the usual TORII in the form of its pillars, and bears a tablet with the autograph of the late Prince Arisugawa.- 君
- suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)
- は
- leaves
- 関西
- Osaka-Kyoto area (See Cult Notes)
- 地方
- country, region
- に
- on (See Gram. Notes)
- 時
- time
- 宮島
- P.N.
- も
- as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes
- いい
- good (See Gram. Notes)
- と
- and (See Gram. Notes)
- ね。
- isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
- そう。
- numerical counter for ships
- へ
- to (See Gram. Notes)
- の
- See Grammar Notes
- か
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- で
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- そこ
- there
- から
- from (See Gram. Notes)
- 電車
- streetcar, electric train
- よい。
- good (See Gram. Notes)
- 己斐
- P.N, in Hiroshima
- 駅
- railroad station
- が
- but (See Gram. Notes)
- いる。
- to need (See Gram. Notes)
- 降りる
- to get off
- 口
- place of employment; a family into which a woman marries
- だ
- to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
- わたる
- to go across, walk across
Island names, size and rules · Dialogue 2 of 6
Two names for the island
*厳島が 正式の 名前だと思うんだが、大抵 宮島と言う様だ* means "I think Itsukushima is the formal name, but people usually call it Miyajima."
The conversation then identifies Miyajima as the name of a town on Itsukushima.
A surprisingly large island
*しゅういが 二十七キロもある 島* describes an island with a circumference as long as twenty-seven kilometers.
The *も* after the distance presents twenty-seven kilometers as a notably large amount. The island also has large pines and sacred restrictions.
Kanji: 正, 神, 犬
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
Kanji: 木
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 7
みやじまはいつくしまともいうね。
Miyajima is also called “Itsukushima”, isn’t that right?
宮島Miyajimaはtopic厳島Itsukushimaとquoteもalso言うis calledね。right? - 8
いつくしまがせいしきのなまえだとおもうんだが、たいていみやじまというようだ。みやじまというのはいつくしまにあるまちのなだ。
I think Itsukushima is the formal name, but it seems usually people call it Miyajima. Miyajima is a name of a town located in Itsukushima.
厳島Itsukushimaがsubject正式formalの's名前nameだisとquote思うthinkんit isだisが、but大抵usually宮島Miyajimaとquote言うcall様seemsだ。is宮島Miyajimaとquote言うcalledのoneはtopic厳島Itsukushimaにinあるlocated町townの's名nameだ。is - 9
いつくしまはおおきなしまかね。
Is Itsukushima a large island?
厳島Itsukushimaはtopic大きなlarge島islandかquestionね。right? - 10
おおきいね。しゅういがにじゅうしちキロもあるしまで、そのしまにはまつのぼくがしげっている。
Yes, it’s big. It is an island with a circumference of as long as 27 kilometers and big pine trees are growing densely.
大きいbigね。right?しゅういcircumferenceがsubject二十twenty-seven七twenty-sevenキロkilometersもas much asあるhas島islandで、and isそのthat島islandにonはtopic松pineの's大木large treesがsubjectしげっgrow denselyてgrow denselyいる。grow densely - 11
まわりがにじゅうしちキロというと、かなりおおきいね。
If you say 27 kilometers in circumference, it’s fairly big, isn’t it?
まわりcircumferenceがsubject二十twenty-seven七twenty-sevenキロkilometersとquoteいうsayと、ifかなりfairly大きいbigね。right? - 12
そう。そして、みやじまはかみをまつるしまで、のうぎょうをやることも、いぬをかうこともきんじられていた。
Yes it is. And Miyajima is an island that enshrines gods and both the farming and the raising of dogs were prohibited.
そう。yesそして、and宮島Miyajimaはtopic神godsをobjectまつるenshrines島islandで、and is農業farmingをobjectやるdo事actも、also犬dogsをobjectかうraise事actもalsoきんじwere prohibitedられwere prohibitedてwere prohibitedいwere prohibitedた。were prohibited
- 厳島
- P.N. Itsukushima Island
- 言う
- to say
- 正式
- formal
- 思う
- to think
- ある
- certain, some
- 町
- town
- 名
- name
- 大きな
- big, large (See Gram. Notes)
- しゅうい
- circumference; environment
- 二十
- 20
- 七
- seven
- キロ
- kilometer
- で、
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- 大木
- big tree
- まわり
- circumference; environment
- かなり
- fairly
- 神
- god
- を
- particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
- まつる
- enshrine; dedicate; diefy
- 農業
- agriculture
- やる
- to do
- かう
- raise, rear, breed (v.t.)
- い
- stomach
Sacred customs and forests · Dialogue 3 of 6
Customs that preserved the forest
*木を 切る事も きんじられていた* means "even cutting trees was prohibited."
Childbirth was also prohibited on the island. The conversation gives these customs as the reason its primeval forest remains.
Itsukushima Shrine
Itsukushima Shrine honors the three daughters of Susanoo-no-Mikoto, a Shintoo god. Records of it go back to 811 A.D.
Wide corridors connect its buildings over the sea. The main shrine has areas for the goddesses, the priests, and public worship.
Kanji: 林
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
Kanji: 植
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 13
しんせいなしまだったんだね。
It was a sacred island, wasn’t it?
しんsacredせいsacredなsacred島islandだっwasたpastんit isだisね。right? - 14
いまでもそうなんだ。みやじまのひとはしぬとそうしきはほんどでし、はかもほんどにある。
It still is. When the people of Miyajima die, their funeral is performed on the main-land and even their tombstones are erected on the mainland.
今nowでatもevenそうsoなisんit isだ。is宮島Miyajimaの's人peopleはtopic死ぬdieとwhenそうfuneral式funeralはtopic本土mainlandでし、is performed onはかgravesもalso本土mainlandにonある。are - 15
へえ、それはおもしろいね。
How interesting!
へえ、wowそれthatはtopic面白いinterestingね。right? - 16
そのうえ、むかしはしまではしゅっさんもできなかったし、きをきることもきんじられていた。だから、そのしまにはげんせいりんがのこっている。
Besides, in olden days they couldn’t give birth on the island and even the cutting of trees was prohibited. For that reason, there still is a virgin forest on that island.
そのbesides上、besides昔olden daysはtopic島islandでonはtopic出産childbirthもalso出来could notなかっcould notたcould notし、and木treesをobject切るcut事actもalsoきんじwas prohibitedられwas prohibitedてwas prohibitedいwas prohibitedた。was prohibitedだisから、becauseそのthat島islandにonはtopic原生virgin forest林virgin forestがsubjectのこっremainsてremainsいる。remains - 17
それははつみみだ。みやじまはいつくしまじんじゃでしられているだけとおもっていた。
That’s news to me. I thought Miyajima is famous only because of Itsukushima Shrine.
それthatはtopicはつnews to me耳news to meだ。is宮島Miyajimaはtopic厳島Itsukushima Shrine神社Itsukushima Shrineでfor知らis knownれis knownてis knownいるis knownだけonlyとquote思っthoughtてthoughtいthoughtた。thought - 18
しょくぶつがくじょうでもおもしろいところだ。
It’s an interesting place from a botanical point of view.
植物botany学botany上viewpointでfromもalso面白いinteresting所placeだ。is
- な
- I wish, I hope, huh
- そう
- numerical counter for ships
- 人
- people
- 本土
- mainland
- はか
- grave; tomb
- ある。
- certain, some
- 出産
- giving birth
- し、
- city
- 木
- tree, wood
- 切る
- to cut
- から、
- from (See Gram. Notes)
- だけ
- only, just (See Grammar Notes)
- 所
- address, place
Shrine colours and scenery · Dialogue 4 of 6
Red lacquer against green
*しゅぬりの 社でんが 海に ういて* means "the red lacquered shrine buildings float in the sea."
Their color harmonizes with the green mountains behind them. The conversation calls the result an indescribably beautiful spectacle.
The great gate
The huge camphor-wood *TORII* rises from the sea about 530 feet from shore. It was erected in 1875.
It is 53.3 feet high. The form of its pillars differs from that of the usual *TORII*.
- 19
そういうことはあまりひとびとにしられていないね。
Such a thing is not too well known, is it?
そうsuchいうsuch事thingはtopicあまりnot very人々peopleにby知らis not knownれis not knownてis not knownいis not knownないis not knownね。right? - 20
うん、しられていないようだ。でもこうしたことをしっていてけんぶつにいくと、もっときょうみがでてくるとおもうよ。
No, it doesn’t seem to be known. But, if you go sightseeing knowing such a thing, I am sure it will arouse your interest.
うん、no知らis not knownれis not knownてis not knownいis not knownないis not known様seemsだ。isでbutもbutこうthis wayしdoたpast事thingをobject知っknowingてknowingいknowingてknowing見物sightseeingにto行くgoと、whenもっとmoreきょうみinterestがsubject出will ariseてwill arise来るwill ariseとquote思うthinkよ。I tell you - 21
もちろんさ。
Of course, it will.
もちろんof courseさ。I tell you - 22
いっぱんにかんがえられているのは、いつくしまじんじゃとそのまえのうみにたっているおおとりいだけだからね。
The reason is that the only thing considered by the general public is the Itsukushima Shrine and TORII that stands in the sea in front of the shrine.
一general publicぱんgeneral publicにby考えis consideredられis consideredてis consideredいるis consideredのthe thingは、topic厳島Itsukushima神社shrineとandそのthat前frontのof海seaにin立っstandsてstandsいるstands大鳥居great torii gateだけonlyだisからbecauseね。right? - 23
しゅぬりのいつくしまじんじゃがみどりのやまをはいけいにしてうみのなかにたっているながめにすばらしいだろうね。
A view of the red lacquered Itsukushima Shrine standing in a sea with a background of green mountains must be splendid.
しゅred lacqueredぬりred lacqueredのof厳島Itsukushima神社shrineがsubject緑greenのof山mountainsをobjectはいbackground景backgroundにasしserving asてserving as海seaのof中middleにin立っstandsてstandsいるstandsながめviewにasすばらしいsplendidだろうmust beね。right? - 24
そうだ。しゅぬりのしゃでんがうみにういて、それがうしろのやまのみどりとちょうわして、なんともいえないびかんだ。
Yes, it is. Red lacquered shrine buildings float in a sea harmonizing with the green color of the mountains in the back and it is an indescribably beautiful spectacle.
そうyesだ。isしゅred lacqueredぬりred lacqueredのof社shrine buildingsでんshrine buildingsがsubject海seaにinういfloatて、floatそれthatがsubject後backのof山mountainsのof緑greeneryとwithちょうharmonizesわしharmonizesて、harmonizes何whatとquoteもeven言えcan sayないnot美beautiful spectacleかんbeautiful spectacleだ。is
- 人々
- people
- うん、
- Yes, all right.
- だ。
- to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
- し
- city
- と、
- and (See Gram. Notes)
- もっと
- more (See Gram. Notes)
- きょうみ
- interest
- もちろん
- of course, to be sure
- 一
- one
- いる
- to need (See Gram. Notes)
- 前
- before, front
- 海
- sea, ocean
- 大鳥居
- the big Torii
- 山
- mountain
- ながめ
- view (n)
- すばらしい
- splendid, great, grand
- ちょう
- intestines
- 美
- beauty
Natural and man-made beauty · Dialogue 5 of 6
Beyond the shrine
*五重の とうが 厳島 神社の 東北の おかの 上にたっている* means "a five-tiered pagoda stands on the hill northeast of Itsukushima Shrine."
The conversation also names Senjokaku and Mount Misen. The view from Mount Misen's summit is splendid.
The Hall of a thousand mats
The *Senjoo-kaku* is an old building to the left of the shrine. Toyotomi Hideyoshi gave it to the shrine.
It holds thousands of inscribed rice scoops offered to the gods. Soldiers began this custom in 1894 as a prayer for victory and return.
Kanji: 自, 然, 重
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
Kanji: 寺
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 25
にほんさんけいのなかで、しぜんのびとじんこうのびをうまくちょうわさせているのはみやじまだけだね。
Among the “Scenic Trio of Japan’*, Miyajima is the only place where natural beauty and man-made beauty are skillfully harmonized, don’t you think?
日本Japan's Three Views三Japan's Three Views景Japan's Three Viewsのof中amongで、among自然natureのof美beautyとand人man-madeこうman-madeのof美beautyをobjectうまくskillfullyちょharmonizeうわharmonizeさare harmonizedせare harmonizedてare harmonizedいるare harmonizedのthe placeはtopic宮島Miyajimaだけonlyだisね。right? - 26
そう。まつしまとあまのはしだてはしぜんのびだからね。
I think so, because Matsushima and Ama-no-Hashidate are natural beauty.
そう。yes松島Matsushimaとand天の橋立Amanohashidateはtopic自然natureのof美beautyだisからbecauseね。right? - 27
いつくしまにはいつくしまじんじゃのほかにはなにもないのかね。
Isn’t there anything else other than the Itsukushima Shrine in Itsukushima?
厳島Itsukushimaにinはtopic厳島Itsukushima神社shrineのof外besidesにinはtopic何anythingもat allないdoes not existのthe caseかquestionね。I wonder - 28
おてらがある。もっともよくしられているのが、せんじょうかくで、ごじゅうのとうがいつくしまじんじゃのとうほくのおかのうえにたっている。
There is a Buddhist temple. The most famous one is SENJOO-KAKU and a five-tiered pagoda stands on the hill northeast of Itsukushima Shrine.
おBuddhist temple寺Buddhist templeがsubjectある。existsもっともmostよくwell知らis knownれis knownてis knownいるis knownのoneが、subjectせんじょうSenjokakuかくSenjokakuで、is五five重tiersのofとうpagodaがsubject厳島Itsukushima神社shrineのof東北northeastのofおかhillのof上topにonたっstandsてstandsいる。stands - 29
いつくしまじんじゃのうしろのやまはたかいのか。
is the mountain behind the Itsukushima Shrine high?
厳島Itsukushima神社shrineのof後behindのof山mountainはtopic高いhighのthe caseか。question - 30
うん、かなりたかい。みせんといってそのちょうじょうからのながめはすばらしい。
Yes, it is fairly high. It is called Misen and a view from the top of it is splendid.
うん、yesかなりfairly高い。highみせMisenんMisenとquote言っis calledてis calledそのitsちょう上summitからfromのofながめviewはtopicすばらしい。splendid
- 三
- three
- せ
- height (of man)
- 松島
- P. N.
- 天の橋立
- P.N.
- 寺
- Buddhist temple
- もっとも
- extremely, the most
- よく
- well, skillfully
- かく
- each (prefix)
- 五
- five
- とう
- tower
- 東北
- northeastern Honshu (See Cult Notes)
- おか
- hill; knoll
- ちょう上
- summit
- すばらしい。
- splendid, great, grand
Views from the mountain · Dialogue 6 of 6
The view from Mount Misen
*本土の 海岸には かき ようしょく場が 見え* means "oyster beds are seen on the shore of the mainland."
Hiroshima and Etajima lie to the northeast. The mountains of Shikoku appear far to the southeast.
Around the island
*ゆうらん船で 島のまわりを まわって見物するのも いいよ* means "It is also nice to go sightseeing around the island on an excursion ship."
The speakers recommend both climbing Mount Misen and viewing Miyajima from the water.
Kanji: 南
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 31
そうだろうなあ。
I suppose so.
そうsoだろうprobablyなあ。I suppose - 32
ほんどのかいがんにはかきようしょくじょうがみえ、ひろしま、えたじまがとうほくに、しこくのやまやまもはるかとうなんにみえる。ゆうだいなけしきだ。
On the shore of the mainland, oyster beds are seen. Hiroshima and Etajima are seen to the northeast and far to the southeast, mountains of Shikoku can be seen. It is a magnificent view.
本土mainlandのof海岸shoreにonはtopicかきoyster bedsようしょくoyster beds場oyster bedsがsubject見え、are visible広島、Hiroshima江田島Etajimaがsubject東北northeastに、in四国Shikokuのof山々mountainsもalsoはるかfar away東南southeastにin見える。are visibleゆうmagnificent大なmagnificentけしきsceneryだ。is - 33
みやじまにいったら、ぜひみせんにのぼるべきだね。
I should climb Mt. Misen by all means when I go to Miyajima, shouldn’t I?
宮島Miyajimaにto行っgoたら、whenぜひby all meansみせんMisenにto登るclimbべきshouldだisね。right? - 34
そうだよ。ゆうらんせんでしまのまわりをまわってけんぶつするのもいいよ。
Yes, you should. It is also nice to do sights by going around the island on an excursion ship.
そうyesだisよ。I tell youゆうexcursion shipらんexcursion ship船excursion shipでby島islandのofまわりaroundをobjectまわっgo aroundてgo around見物sightseeingするdoのdoing soもalsoいいgoodよ。I tell you - 35
そうかね。そんなこともできるんかね。
IS that right? You can do that, too, eh?
そうsoかquestionね。right?そんなsuch事thingもalso出来るcan doんthe factかquestionね。right? - 36
できるとも。
Of course, you can.
出来るcan doとcertainlyも。certainly
- 海岸
- coast, shore
- かき
- persimmon
- はるか
- in the distance
- 東南
- southeast
- 見える。
- to be visible, can see (v.i.)
- けしき
- scenery
- ぜひ
- by all means
- 出来る
- to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)
Surprisingly large amounts · Perception drill
Seven years as a large amount
*七年も 居ました* means "I was there as long as seven years." The particle *も* follows *七年*, the numbered duration.
A number or quantity plus *も*, followed by an affirmative, presents the amount as large in its context.
Amounts of different kinds
*兄弟が 十人も あります* means "He has as many as ten brothers and sisters."
The same pattern describes distance, cost, waiting time, and the number of people. English uses "as much as," "as many as," or "as long as."
- 37
しゅういがにじゅうしちキロもあるしまです。
It is an island that has a circumference of as much as 27 kilometers.
しゅういcircumferenceがsubject二十twenty-seven七twenty-sevenキロkilometersもas much asあるhas島islandです。is - 38
あなたはなんねんぐらいにほんにいましたか。
How long have you been in Japan?
あなたyouはtopic何how many年yearsぐらいabout日本Japanにin居stayましpoliteたpastか。question - 39
しちねんもいました。
I was there as long as seven years.
七seven年yearsもas long as居stayましpoliteた。past - 40
このてがみはいくらぐらいかかるでしょうか。
How much do you suppose this letter will cost?
このthis手紙letterはtopicいくらhow muchぐらいaboutかかるcostでしょうprobablyか。question - 41
すこしおもいから、にひゃくえんもかかるでしょう。
It’s a little heavy, so it probably will cost as much as 200 yen.
少しa little重いheavyから、because二百two hundred円yenもas much asかかるcostでしょう。probably - 42
きのうぎんこうでながいあいだまたされましたか。
Were you made to wait a long time at the bank yesterday?
昨日yesterday銀行bankでat長いlong間time待たさmade to waitれmade to waitましpoliteたpastか。question - 43
ええ、さんじゅっぷんもまたされました。
Yes, I was made to wait as long as thirty minutes.
ええ、yes三十thirty分minutesもas long as待たさmade to waitれmade to waitましpoliteた。past - 44
たなかさんはきょうだいがおおいそうですね。
I understand that Mr. Tanaka has many brothers and sisters.
田中TanakaさんMr.はtopic兄弟siblingsがsubject多いmanyそうI hearですisね。right? - 45
ええ、きょうだいがじゅうにんもあります。
Yes, he has as many as ten brothers and sisters.
ええ、yes兄弟siblingsがsubject十ten人peopleもas many asありhasます。polite - 46
にほんはほそながいくにですね。
Japan is long and slender country, isn’t it?
日本Japanはtopic細長いlong and slender国countryですisね。right? - 47
ええ、ながさがせんろっぴゃくマイルもあります。
Yes, it is as long as 1,600 miles.
ええ、yes長lengthさlengthがsubject千one thousand六百six hundredマイルmilesもas much asありisます。polite
- です。
- to be (See Gram. Notes)
- 年
- year (See Grammar Notes)
- ぐらい
- about
- か。
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- 手紙
- letter (correspondence)
- いくら
- how much? how many?
- かかる
- to consult, to contract, to be attacked by
- でしょう
- probably (See Gram. Notes)
- 少し
- little (quantity)
- 二百
- 200
- 円
- yen (unit of money)
- 昨日
- yesterday
- 銀行
- bank
- 間
- between
- ええ、
- Yes
- 三十
- 30
- 分
- minute
- 兄弟
- brothers and sisters
- 十
- ten
- ます。
- trout
- 細長い
- long and slender
- 国
- country, nation
- 千
- 1,000
- 六百
- 600
- マイル
- mile
Large amounts and durations · Pattern 1 1 of 3
Three hours by car
*自動車で 三時間も かかります* means "It takes as long as three hours by car."
The *も* after *三時間* presents the duration as great.
Five times
*五度も 日本へ 行きました* means "I went to Japan as many as five times."
A duration, fraction, cost, distance, or number of times can stand before *も* as the emphasized quantity.
- 48
じんこうがひゃくまんもあるしです。
It is a city with a population of as many as one million.
人口populationがsubject百one million万one millionもas many asあるhas市cityです。is - 49
ごはんをごはいもたべました。
I ate as many as five bowls of rice.
御飯riceをobject五fiveはいbowlsもas many as食べeatましpoliteた。past - 50
じどうしゃでさんじかんもかかります。
It takes as long as three hours by car.
自動car車carでby三three時間hoursもas long asかかりtakeます。polite - 51
それをはんぶんもつかいました。
I used as much as half of it.
それitをobject半分halfもas much as使いuseましpoliteた。past - 52
びょうきでとおかかんもやすんでいました。
I was absent for as long as ten days because I was sick.
病気illnessでbecause十ten日間daysもas long as休んwas absentでwas absentいwas absentましpoliteた。past - 53
ごどもにほんへいきました。
I went to Japan as many as five times.
五five度timesもas many as日本Japanへtoward行きgoましpoliteた。past - 54
こづつみをおくるのにさんドルもかかりました。
It cost as much as three dollars to send the package.
小包packageをobject送るsendのthe actにfor三threeドルdollarsもas much asかかりcostましpoliteた。past - 55
だいがくをそつぎょうするのにろくねんもかかった。
It took me as long as six years to graduate from college.
大学collegeをobjectそつぎょうgraduateするdoのthe actにfor六six年yearsもas long asかかっtakeた。past - 56
このしまはまわりがじゅうマイルもある。
This island is as much as ten miles around.
このthis島islandはtopicまわりcircumferenceがsubject十tenマイルmilesもas much asある。is
- 人口
- population
- 百
- 100
- 御飯
- cooked rice
- 車
- vehicle, car
- 時間
- hour, time
- 半分
- half
- 小包
- parcel, small package
- 送る
- to send (v.t.)
- ドル
- dollar
- 六
- six
Asking about large quantities · Pattern 1 2 of 3
A large cost
*百ドルも かかったよ* answers a question about repair cost. It means "It cost as much as a hundred dollars."
The numbered amount comes before *も* and emphasizes the cost.
A great distance
*四百マイル近くも あるんだから* gives nearly four hundred miles as the reason five hours is insufficient.
Questions about cost, duration, and distance can receive an answer that marks the amount as great.
- 57
このじどうしゃをなおすのにいくらぐらいかかったかね。
About how much did it cost to repair this car?
このthis自動car車carをobjectなおすrepairのthe actにforいくらhow muchぐらいaboutかかっcostたpastかquestionね。right? - 58
ひゃくドルもかかったよ。
It cost as much as a hundred dollars.
百one hundredドルdollarsもas much asかかっcostたpastよ。I tell you - 59
きみはなんねんぐらいじどうしゃをうんてんしているのかね。
About how many years have you been driving?
君youはtopic何how many年yearsぐらいabout自動car車carをobject運転drivingしdoてandいるbe doingのthe caseかquestionね。I wonder - 60
もうじゅうねんもうんてんしてるよ。
I've been driving for as long as ten years now.
もうnow十ten年yearsもas long as運転drivingしdoてるbeen doingよ。I tell you - 61
たむらさんはもうずいぶんながいあいだにゅういんしておられますね。
Mr. Tamura has been in the hospital for quite a long time now, hasn't he?
田村TamuraさんMr.はtopicもうalreadyずい分quite長いlong間time入院hospitalizedしdoてandおらbeれrespectfullyますpoliteね。right? - 62
ええ、もういっかげつもにゅういんしておられます。
Yes, he has been in the hospital for as long as a month now.
ええ、yesもうalready一oneか月monthもas long as入院hospitalizedしdoてandおらbeれrespectfullyます。polite - 63
モンテレーからロスアンゼルスまでごじかんでいけるかね。
Can you get from Monterey to Los Angeles in five hours?
モンテレーMontereyからfromロスアンゼルスLos Angelesまでto五five時間hoursでin行けるcan goかquestionね。right? - 64
よんひゃくマイルちかくもあるんだから、ごじかんではいけないだろう。
Since it is nearly four hundred miles, you probably can't get there in five hours.
四百four hundredマイルmiles近くnearlyもas much asあるisんthe factだisから、because五five時間hoursでinはtopic行けgoないnotだろう。probably - 65
みやじまはおおきなしまかね。
Is Miyajima a large island?
宮島Miyajimaはtopic大きなlarge島islandかquestionね。right?
- なおす
- to correct, mend, repair (v.t.)
- もう
- already (See Gram. Notes)
- てる
- to shine (v.i.)
- ずい分
- very much
- ます
- trout
- モンテレー
- Monterey
- まで
- as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)
- 四百
- 400
- 近く
- vicinity
Numbers, distances and durations · Pattern 1 3 of 3
Seventeen miles around
*しゅういが 十七マイルもある島* means "an island with a circumference of as much as seventeen miles."
The distance before *も* supports the conclusion that the island is fairly large.
Measures of amount
*二千円*, *六年*, and *三度* give an amount of money, a duration, and a number of times.
*百二十五 マイル*, *二週間*, and *三時間* give distance and duration. Each can supply the numbered amount before *も*.
- 66
しゅういがじゅうしちマイルもあるしまだから、まあかなりおおきなしまだね。
Since it is an island with a circumference of as much as seventeen miles, it is a fairly large island.
しゅういcircumferenceがsubject十seventeen七seventeenマイルmilesもas much asあるhas島islandだisから、becauseまあwellかなりfairly大きなlarge島islandだisね。right? - 67
にせんえん
Two thousand yen
二千two thousand円yen - 68
ろくねん
Six years
六six年years - 69
さんど
Three times
三three度times - 70
ひゃくにじゅうごマイル
One hundred twenty-five miles
百one hundred twenty-five二十one hundred twenty-five五one hundred twenty-fiveマイルmiles - 71
にしゅうかん
Two weeks
二two週間weeks - 72
さんじかん
Three hours
三three時間hours
- まあ
- Well! Oh, my!
- 二千
- 2,000
- 二
- two
Island forests and sacred customs · Reading Selection 1 of 2
A sacred island and its forest
*宮島は 神を まつった しんせいな 島* describes Miyajima as a sacred island devoted to the gods.
Farming, keeping dogs, childbirth, and cutting trees were prohibited. The passage connects these customs with the surviving primeval forest.
Twenty-seven kilometers around
*しゅういが 二十七キロも ある 島* means "an island with a circumference of as much as twenty-seven kilometers."
The *も* after the numbered distance presents the circumference as large.
- 73
みやじまぐちででんしゃをおりて、れんらくせんでみやじまにわたるのです。
You get off the electric train at Miyajima-Guchi and cross over to Miyajima by ferry.
宮島Miyajima-Guchi口Miyajima-Guchiでat電車electric trainをobject降りget offて、get off連絡ferry船ferryでby宮島Miyajimaにtoわたるcross overのthe factです。is - 74
みやじまはしゅういがにじゅうしちキロもあるしまで、そのしまにはまつのたいぼくがしげっています。
Miyajima is an island with a circumference of as much as twenty-seven kilometers, and large pine trees grow thickly on the island.
宮島Miyajimaはtopicしゅういcircumferenceがsubject二十twenty七sevenキロkilometersもas much asあるmeasures島islandで、isそのthat島islandにonはtopic松pineのof大木large treesがsubjectしげっgrow thicklyてgrow thicklyいgrow thicklyます。grow thickly - 75
みやじまはかみをまつったしんせいなしまで、のうぎょうをやることも、いぬをかうこともきんじられています。
Miyajima is a sacred island devoted to the gods, and both farming and keeping dogs are prohibited there.
宮島Miyajimaはtopic神godsをobjectまつっenshrineたpastしsacredんsacredせいsacredなsacred島islandで、and農業farmingをobjectやるdo事actも、both犬dogsをobjectかうkeep事actもalsoきんじare prohibitedられare prohibitedてare prohibitedいare prohibitedます。are prohibited - 76
またみやじまのひとはしぬと、そうしきはほんどでし、はかもほんどにあるのです。
Also, when a person from Miyajima dies, the funeral is held on the mainland, and the grave is on the mainland as well.
又also宮島Miyajimaの's人peopleはtopic死ぬdieと、whenそうfuneral式funeralはtopic本土mainlandでし、is heldはかgraveもalso本土mainlandにonあるexistsのthe factです。is - 77
そのうえむかしはしまではしゅっさんもできなかったし、きをきることもきんじられていたのです。
Moreover, in the old days childbirth was not allowed on the island, and cutting down trees was also prohibited.
そのmoreover上moreover昔old daysはtopic島islandでonはtopic出産childbirthもalso出来possibleなかっnotたpastし、and木treesをobject切るcut down事actもalsoきんじwas prohibitedられwas prohibitedてwas prohibitedいwas prohibitedたwas prohibitedのthe factです。is - 78
ですから、このしまにはげんせいりんがのこっているのです。
Therefore, primeval forests remain on this island.
ですthereforeから、thereforeこのthis島islandにonはtopic原生primeval forest林primeval forestがsubjectのこっremainてremainいるremainのthe factです。is - 79
したがってしょくぶつがくじょうでもおもしろいところとされています。
Consequently, it is also considered an interesting place from a botanical standpoint.
したがっconsequentlyてconsequently植物plant science学plant science上standpointでfromもalso面白いinteresting所placeとasさis consideredれis consideredてis consideredいis consideredます。is considered
Shrines, temples and coastal views · Reading Selection 2 of 2
Natural and man-made beauty
*自然の 美と 人こうの 美を うまく ちょうわ させている* means "skillfully harmonizes natural beauty with man-made beauty."
The red lacquered shrine stands in the sea before green mountains. The great gate stands in the sea before the shrine.
Landmarks and distant views
*せんじょうかく や 五重の とう* names Senjokaku and the five-story pagoda on the hill northeast of the shrine.
The passage also places oyster beds on the mainland coast and the mountains of Shikoku far to the southeast.
- 80
にほんさんけいのなかで、しぜんのびとじんこうのびをうまくちょうわさせているのはみやじまだけです。
Of Japan's three most scenic places, Miyajima alone skillfully harmonizes natural beauty with man-made beauty.
日本Japan's scenic trio三Japan's scenic trio景Japan's scenic trioのof中amongで、among自然natureのof美beautyとwith人man-madeこうman-madeのof美beautyをobjectうまくskillfullyちょharmonizeうわharmonizeさharmonizesせharmonizesてharmonizesいるharmonizesのthe oneはtopic宮島Miyajimaだけaloneです。is - 81
しゅぬりのいつくしまじんじゃがみどりのやまをはいけいにしてうみのなかにたっているながめはとてもすばらしいものです。
The view of the vermilion-painted Itsukushima Shrine standing in the sea against a background of green mountains is truly magnificent.
しゅvermilion-paintedぬりvermilion-paintedのof厳島Itsukushima神社Shrineがsubject緑greenのof山mountainsをobjectはいbackground景backgroundにasしusing asてusing as海seaのof中middleにin立っstandingてstandingいるstandingながめviewはtopicとてもtrulyすばらしいmagnificentものthingです。is - 82
またいつくしまじんじゃのまえのうみにたっているとりいはにほんいちのおおとりいです。
Also, the torii standing in the sea in front of Itsukushima Shrine is the largest torii in Japan.
又also厳島Itsukushima神社Shrineの's前frontのof海seaにin立っstandingてstandingいるstanding鳥居toriiはtopic日本Japan's largest一Japan's largestのof大鳥居great toriiです。is - 83
みやじまにはいつくしまじんじゃのほかにおてらもあります。
Besides Itsukushima Shrine, there are also Buddhist temples on Miyajima.
宮島Miyajimaにonはtopic厳島Itsukushima神社Shrineのof外besidesにbesidesおBuddhist temple寺Buddhist templeもalsoありexistます。polite - 84
いつくしまじんじゃのとうほくのおかのうえにたっているせんじょうかくやごじゅうのとうはゆうめいです。
The Senjokaku and the five-story pagoda standing on the hill northeast of Itsukushima Shrine are famous.
厳島Itsukushima神社Shrineの's東北northeastのofおかhillの's上topにon立っstandingてstandingいるstandingせんじょうSenjokakuかくSenjokakuやand五five-story重five-storyのofとうpagodaはtopic有名famousです。is - 85
ほんどのかいがんにはかきのようしょくじょうがみえ、ひろしま、えたじまがとうほくに、しこくのやまやまもはるかとうなんにみえ、ゆうだいなけしきです。
You can see oyster beds along the coast of the mainland, Hiroshima and Etajima to the northeast, and the mountains of Shikoku far to the southeast; it is a grand view.
本土mainlandの's海岸coastにalongはtopicかきoystersのofようしょくoyster beds場oyster bedsがsubject見え、can be seen広島、Hiroshima江田島Etajimaがsubject東北northeastに、to四国Shikokuの's山々mountainsもalsoはるかfar東南southeastにto見え、can be seenゆうgrand大なgrandけしきviewです。is
- とても
- very, indeed
- もの
- things (tangible)
- や
- and---among others (See Gram. Notes)
Island size, rules and forests · Questions 1 of 2
From the ferry to the forest
*宮島口から何で 宮島に わたりますか* means "How do you cross over to Miyajima from Miyajima-Guchi?"
An answer names the ferry. Other answers give the island's size, sacred restrictions, mainland funerals, graves, and preserved primeval forest.
- 86
みやじまぐちからなにでみやじまにわたりますか。
How do you cross over to Miyajima from Miyajima-Guchi?
宮島Miyajima-Guchi口Miyajima-Guchiからfrom何whatでby宮島Miyajimaにtoわたりcross overますpoliteか。question - 87
みやじまはどのぐらいのおおきさのしまですか。
How large an island is Miyajima?
宮島Miyajimaはtopicどのhowぐらいlargeのof大きsizeさsizeのof島islandですisか。question - 88
そのしまにはなにがしげっていますか。
What grows thickly on that island?
そのthat島islandにonはtopic何whatがsubjectしげっgrows thicklyてgrows thicklyいgrows thicklyますgrows thicklyか。question - 89
なぜみやじまではのうぎょうをやることもいぬをかうこともきんじられていますか。
Why are both farming and keeping dogs prohibited on Miyajima?
なぜwhy宮島Miyajimaでonはtopic農業farmingをobjectやるdo事actもboth犬dogsをobjectかうkeep事actもalsoきんじare prohibitedられare prohibitedてare prohibitedいare prohibitedますare prohibitedか。question - 90
みやじまのひとはしぬと、そうしきはどこでやりますか。
When a person from Miyajima dies, where is the funeral held?
宮島Miyajimaの's人personはtopic死ぬdiesと、whenそうfuneral式funeralはtopicどこwhereでatやりholdますpoliteか。question - 91
みやじまにははかがありますか。
Are there graves on Miyajima?
宮島Miyajimaにonはtopicはかgravesがsubjectありexistますpoliteか。question - 92
みやじまはなぜしょくぶつがくじょうでもおもしろいところですか。
Why is Miyajima also interesting from a botanical standpoint?
宮島Miyajimaはtopicなぜwhy植物plant science学plant science上standpointでfromもalso面白いinteresting所placeですisか。question - 93
まつしまとあまのはしだてのびはどんなびですか。
What kind of beauty do Matsushima and Amanohashidate have?
松島Matsushimaとand天の橋立Amanohashidateの's美beautyはtopicどんなwhat kind美beautyですisか。question
- どの
- which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)
- です
- to be (See Gram. Notes)
- なぜ
- why?
- どんな
- what kind of; what sort of
Shrine colours and landmarks · Questions 2 of 2
Colors, places, and directions
*厳島神社は どんな 色でぬって ありますか* means "What color is Itsukushima Shrine painted?"
An answer describes its red lacquer. Other answers locate the great gate, Senjokaku, pagoda, oyster beds, nearby places, and distant mountains.
- 94
みやじまのびはどんなびですか。
What kind of beauty does Miyajima have?
宮島Miyajimaの's美beautyはtopicどんなwhat kind美beautyですisか。question - 95
いつくしまじんじゃはどんないろでぬってありますか。
What color is Itsukushima Shrine painted?
厳島Itsukushima神社Shrineはtopicどんなwhat kind色colorでwithぬっpaintedてpaintedありis paintedますpoliteか。question - 96
みやじまのおおとりいはどこにたっていますか。
Where does Miyajima's great torii stand?
宮島Miyajimaの's大鳥居great toriiはtopicどこwhereにat立っstandsてstandsいstandsますstandsか。question - 97
せんじょうかくやごじゅうのとうはどこにありますか。
Where are the Senjokaku and the five-story pagoda?
せんじょうSenjokakuかくSenjokakuやand五five-story重five-storyのofとうpagodaはtopicどこwhereにatありexistますpoliteか。question - 98
ほんどのかいがんにはなにがみえますか。
What can be seen along the coast of the mainland?
本土mainlandの's海岸coastにalongはtopic何whatがsubject見えcan be seenますpoliteか。question - 99
とうほくにどこがみえますか。
What places can be seen to the northeast?
東北northeastにtoどこwhat placesがsubject見えcan be seenますpoliteか。question - 100
はるかとうなんになにがみえますか。
What can be seen far to the southeast?
はるかfar東南southeastにto何whatがsubject見えcan be seenますpoliteか。question
Transport, places and dimensions · Word list 1 of 4
Travel and island size
These words cover the route to Miyajima, the island names, and its size.
*連絡船* means "railway ferry boat," *宮島口* names Miyajima-Guchi, and *しゅうい* means "circumference."
- 101
ひろしまし
City of Hiroshima
広島市Hiroshima City - 102
こい
P.N, in Hiroshima
己斐Koi place name - 103
みやじまぐち
P.N.
宮島口Miyajima-Guchi - 104
れんらくせん
railway ferry boat
連絡船railway ferry - 105
しゅうてん
terminal point
終てんterminal point - 106
いつくしま
P.N. Itsukushima Island
厳島Itsukushima Island - 107
せいしき
formal
正式formal - 108
しゅうい
circumference; environment
しゅういcircumference - 109
たいぼく
big tree
大木large tree - 110
まわり
circumference; environment
まわりcircumference
- 広島市
- City of Hiroshima
- 宮島口
- P.N.
- 連絡船
- railway ferry boat
- 終てん
- terminal point
Gods, funerals and forests · Word list 2 of 4
Sacred life and the forest
These words cover sacred practices, death, and the forest.
*神* means "god," *原生林* means "primeval forest," and *も* means "as much as" or "as many as" after a numbered amount.
- 111
かみ
god
神god - 112
まつる
enshrine; dedicate; diefy
まつるenshrine - 113
しんせいな
sacred; holy
しんせいなsacred - 114
そうしき
funeral
そう式funeral - 115
ほんど
mainland
本土mainland - 116
はか
grave; tomb
はかgrave - 117
しゅっさん
giving birth
出産childbirth - 118
も
as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes
もas much as - 119
げんせいりん
primeval forest; virgin forest
原生林primeval forest - 120
しょくぶつがく
botany; plant science
植物学botany
- しんせいな
- sacred; holy
- そう式
- funeral
- 原生林
- primeval forest; virgin forest
- 植物学
- botany; plant science
Beauty, colour and harmony · Word list 3 of 4
The language of the view
These words describe the shrine, its setting, and the beauty they form together.
*しゅぬり* means "red lacquered," *はい景* means "background," and *ちょうわ* means "harmony."
- 121
---じょう
suffix meaning ”from the standpoint
---上from the standpoint - 122
きょうみ
interest
きょうみinterest - 123
しゅぬり
red lacquered
しゅぬりred lacquered - 124
はいけい
background
はい景background - 125
おおとりい
the big Torii
大鳥居big torii gate - 126
ちょうわ
harmony; agreement, concord
ちょうわharmony - 127
びかん
fine view; beautiful spectacle
美かんbeautiful spectacle - 128
び
beauty
美beauty - 129
じんこうの
artificial; man made
人こうのartificial - 130
ちょうわさせる
harmonize (v.t.)
ちょうわさせるharmonize
- ---上
- suffix meaning ”from the standpoint”
- しゅぬり
- red lacquered
- はい景
- background
- ちょうわ
- harmony; agreement, concord
- 美かん
- fine view; beautiful spectacle
- 人こうの
- artificial; man made
- ちょうわさせる
- harmonize (v.t.)
Temples, directions and scenery · Word list 4 of 4
Landmarks and directions
These words cover temples, hills, directions, and distant scenery.
*せんじょうかく* names Senjokaku Temple, *五重のとう* means "five-tiered pagoda," and *かきようしょく場* means "oyster bed."
- 131
てら
Buddhist temple
寺Buddhist temple - 132
せんじょうかく
P.N. Senjookaku Temple
せんじょうかくSenjokaku Temple - 133
ごじゅうのとう
five tiered pagoda
五重のとうfive-tiered pagoda - 134
とう
tower
とうtower - 135
とうほく
northeast
東北northeast - 136
おか
hill; knoll
おかhill - 137
かきようしょくじょう
oyster bed
かきようしょく場oyster bed - 138
とうなん
southeast
東南southeast - 139
はるか
in the distance
はるかin the distance
Guide for Free Conversation
1a Topic Titles Talk about Itsukushima,
(1) Location
(2) Size
(3) What it is famous for, etc,
2a Visual Cues Look at the pictures on Page 10 to 12 and describe them.Homework
1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.
2 Study Grammar Perception Drill,
3 Study Pattern Practice and do the exercise given.
4 Learn to read and write new Kanji,
5 Read the Explanatory Notes,
6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercise given.- せんじょうかく
- P.N. Senjookaku Temple
- 五重のとう
- five tiered pagoda
- かきようしょく場
- oyster bed
The particulars
- The course
- Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours.
- Reading aloud
- Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
- The book
- Botchan, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents