Japanese Basic Course, Lesson 110

Castles and palaces in Kyoto · Dialogue 1 of 5

A castle for visits to Kyoto

The speakers name places that a visitor to Kyoto must see. *二条り宮は徳川家康が京都へ行った時に泊まる城として建てられたものです* means "Nijō Detached Palace was built as a castle where Tokugawa Ieyasu stayed during visits to Kyoto."

Ieyasu, the first Tokugawa Shoogun, built *NIJOO RIKYUU* as his home for visits to Kyoto. It later became an Imperial Palace.

Regarded as essential

*御所はどうしても見物しなければならない所の一つとされています* means "The Imperial Palace is regarded as one of the places that must be seen."

Listen for *とされています* after the description. Here it presents the Imperial Palace as generally regarded that way.

Kanji: 条, 泊, 建

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

Kanji: 後

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

1
きょうとけんぶつをするとき、ごしょはどうしてもけんぶつしなければならないところのひとつとされていますが、そのほかにみのがしてはならないものはなんでしょうか。
When you do the sights of Kyoto, the Imperial Palace is regarded as one of the places that you have to see by all means. Besides that, what are the places that you must not overlook?
京都Kyoto
見物sightseeing
をobject
するdo
時、when
御所Imperial Palace
はtopic
どうby any means
しby any means
てby any means
もby any means
見物see
しsee
なけれmust
ばmust
ならmust
ないmust
所place
の's
一one
つone
とas
さregarded
れregarded
てregarded
いregarded
ますregarded
が、but
そのthat
外besides
にbesides
見のがしoverlook
てoverlook
はmust not
ならmust not
ないmust not
ものthings
はtopic
何what
でしょうprobably
か。question
2
きんかくじ、ぎんかくじ、そしてにじょうりきゅうですね。
They are the Golden Pavilion, the Silver Pavilion, and the Nijoo Detached Palace.
3
にじょうりきゅうはごしょのいちぶをなすものですか。
Is the Nijoo Detached Palace the component of the Imperial Palace?
4
いいえ、にじょうりきゅうはとくがわいえやすがきょうとへいったときにとまるしろとしてたてられたものです。それからのちもしょうぐんがとまるところになっていました。
No, the Nijoo Detached Palace was built as a castle for TOKUGAWA IEYASU to stay over when he went to Kyoto. Afterwards it was used as a lodging place for the SHOOGUN.
5
なるほどね。ほりがあって、おしろのようだとおもいました。
I see. There is a moat and I thought it looked like a castle.
6
もちろんおしろでしたが、それがひやけたのです。それでいまでもにじょうじょうともいいます。
Of course it was a castle, but it was burned down. So even now it is called Nijoo Castle sometimes.

--- TO SARETE IRU
Following nouns and pronouns, and the basic form of i-adjectives, TO SARETE IRU expresses the meaning of “considered to be ---” or “regarded as ---.”

Examples:

TABAKO WA BYOONIN NI WARUI MONO TO SARETE IMASU. “Cigarettes are considered to be bad for sick people.”

NIHONGO WA MUZUKASHII GAIKOKUGO TO SARETE IMASU. “Japanese is regarded as a difficult foreign language.”

KOKO DEWA AKI GA ICHIBAN II TO SARETE IMASU. “Here the autumn is considered to be the best.”

KONO HOTERU NO SETSUBI WA TAIHEN YOI TO SARETE IRU. “Facilities at this school are considered to be very good.”

SUMISU-SAN WA SHINDA MONO TO SARETE IMASU. “Mr. Smith is considered to be dead.”

NIJOO RIKYUU (Nijoo Detached Palace)
It was originally built by Ieyasu, the first Tokugawa Shoogun, to serve as his residence on the occasion of his visits to Kyoto. At the time of the Restoration in 1868, the palace was made the temporary seat of the government, and it was from here that the Emperor Meiji issued the edict abolishing the Shogunate. Between 1871 and 1884 the palace was used as the Kyoto Prefecture Office and almost incredible damage was done to the priceless objects of art which it contained. Since it was made one of the Imperial Palaces much has been done to restore its old splendor, but some of it was beyond recall. It will be noticed that the Imperial Crest, the 16-petaled chrysanthemum, has been substituted for the Tokugawa crest of the AOI leaves wherever possible.

HIGASHI HONGANJI Temple
It is the junior headquarters of the JOODO SHINSHUU sect of Buddhism. The temple buildings, except the main hall and the founder’s hall, are closed to the general public, but admission to other buildings and to the abbot’s villa is usually allowed to those who make applications a day in advance. The temple structures, founded in 1602, were destroyed by fire four times. The present structures were completed in 1895 from contributions made by members of the sect from all parts of the country.

Cultural Note 2, continued.

NISHI HONGANJI Temple
It is the senior headquarters of the JOODO SHINSHUU sect and it is about a ten minutes’ walk from Kyoto Station. The temple is one of the finest in Kyoto and is often referred to by art critics as the best existing example of Buddhist architecture. Foreign visitors are given permission to visit many apartments and buildings not open to the general public on application at the temple office. The Main Hall, reconstructed in 1760 after destruction by fire, contains an image of Buddha carved by a sculptor.

CHION-IN Temple
It is the grand headquarters of the JOODO sect founded by the distinguished priest HOONEN (1133-1212) in 1211. CHION-IN is one of the most famous and largest temples not only in Kyoto but throughout the country, the grounds covering an area of about 30 acres. Fires have repeatedly ravaged the temple buildings, but of those now standing, the main hall, the superior’s apartments, etc., date back to 1633-1639.

Cultural Note 4, continued.

KIYOMIZU Temple
It is dedicated to the eleven-faced KANNON, whose image is registered as an “Important Cultural Property.” The temple was established in 805, the old Shishinden Hall of the Imperial Palace at Nagaoka constituting the nucleus of the new buildings. Subsequently, the present temple structures were re-erected in 1633 by order of the third Tokugawa Shoogun Iemitsu. The main temple stands on a cliff with a wooden platform in front, from which a panoramic view of Kyoto and its neighboring districts can be seen.

SANJUU-SANGEN-DOO
It is called SANJUU-SANGEN-DOO because of the 33 (sanjuu-san) spaces between the pillars in the structure. The original temple, erected in 1132, was destroyed by fire in 1249, but was rebuilt in 1251. It has been designated as a “National Treasure.” Its chief image is the thousand-handed Kannon in a sitting posture, 8 feet in height, carved by the noted sculptor TANKEI, then aged 82, and his assistants. The Kannon is accompanied by the 28 faithful followers and also by a thousand Kannon, 5.7 feet in height.

Cultural Note 6, continued.

KINKAKUJI-Temple (Golden Pavilion)
It was built by the third Shoogun, Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, and his son, in obedience to his father’s will, turned the villa into a Buddhist temple. Most of the buildings then erected were destroyed by repeated fires, culminating in the tragic loss through wilful arson of the treasured Golden Pavilion in July, 1950. A new building, an exact reproduction of the original, was erected in October, 1955 on the same spot.

YASAKA Shrine
It is commonly called GION Shrine because it is situated on Gion-machi. The present buildings were erected in 1654 in the old residential style by order of the Shoogun. The stone TORII gate on the south side, measuring 36 feet in height, is said to be one of the largest in Japan. Among the chief treasures of the shrine are a pair of KOMA-INU (carved fabulous animals).

Cultural Note 8, continued.

HEIAN Shrine
It is a famous Shinto shrine dedicated to the Emperor Kammu and also to the Emperor Koomei, recently enshrined therein. It was built in 1895 in order to accomodate the 1,100th anniversary of the founding of Kyoto by the Emperor Kammu. The shrine buildings are a replica on a reduced scale of the first Imperial Palace built in 794, and are all brightly colored. Ootemmon, which is a two-storied gate, is painted in bright crimson with blue tiles on the roof.

を: particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
時、: time
御所: an Imperial Palace
は: leaves
し: city
も: as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes
なら: if it is (See Gram. Notes)
所: address, place
の: See Grammar Notes
一: one
と: and (See Gram. Notes)
い: stomach
ます: trout
が、: but (See Gram. Notes)
に: on (See Gram. Notes)
もの: things (tangible)
でしょう: probably (See Gram. Notes)
か。: either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
金: gold
かく: each (prefix)
寺、: Buddhist temple
銀: silver
二: two
です: to be (See Gram. Notes)
ね。: isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
一部: a copy
なす: eggplant
へ: to (See Gram. Notes)
から: from (See Gram. Notes)
後: after; afterwards
将軍: shogun, general; generalissimo
ところ: place (See Gram. Notes)
なるほど: I see, indeed, to be sure
ほり: moat; pond
だ: to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
もちろん: of course, to be sure
で: --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)

Golden and Silver Pavilions · Dialogue 2 of 5

The Golden Pavilion rebuilt

The speakers compare Kyoto's Golden and Silver Pavilions. *あれは、千九百五十年にほう火によって焼けて、その後千九百五十五年に再建されたものです* means "It was burned by arson in 1950 and rebuilt in 1955."

Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, the third Shoogun, built the Golden Pavilion. The new building is an exact copy erected on the same site in October 1955.

Kanji: 築, 庭

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

Kanji: 再, 映

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

7
そこではなにがゆうめいですか。
What is it famous for?
8
けんちくとていえんです。
Building construction and the garden.
9
きんかくじのえをみましたが、うつくしいですね。こんじきのたてものがいけにうつって。
I saw a picture of the Golden Pavilion, and it is surely beautiful with its golden structure reflecting on the pond.
10
あれは、せんきゅうひゃくごじゅうねんにほうかによってやけて、そののちせんきゅうひゃくごじゅうごねんにさいけんされたものです。
It was burned in 1950 by arson, and it was rebuilt in 1955.
11
どうりであたらしくみえましたよ。それにはんして、ぎんかくじはふるびてみえますね。
No wonder it looked new. In contrast to that, the Silver Pavilion looks worn down, doesn’t it?
12
ぎんかくじのほうがもとのきんかくじよりあたらしかったのです。ぎんかくじのていえんはすばらしいものです。
The Silver Pavilion was newer than the original Golden Pavilion. The garden of the Silver Pavilion is magnificent.

そこ: there
が: but (See Gram. Notes)
寺: Buddhist temple
いけ: pond, dam, reservoir
千: 1,000
九百: 900
五十: 50
年: year (See Grammar Notes)
五: five
道理: reason; logic
もと: cause, origin
より: than (See Gram. Notes)
すばらしい: splendid, great, grand

Why the Silver Pavilion is unfinished · Dialogue 3 of 5

An unfinished pavilion

The speakers ask whether the Silver Pavilion has a silver coating. *銀かく寺には銀がぬってありますか* means "Is the Silver Pavilion painted with silver?"

*これを建て始めたあしかがよしまさと言う将軍がまだ建物の出来上らないうちに死んでしまったのです* means "The Shoogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa died before the building was completed."

Construction stopped midway. *それがほとんどそのまま残っていると言えるんです* means "You can say that it remains practically as it was."

13
ぎんかくじにはぎんがぬってありますか。
Is the Silver Pavilion painted with silver?
14
いいえ、ぬってないのです。ぎんかくじというなまえはてきとうではありませんよ。
No, it is not. The name of Silver Pavilion is not suitable.
15
はじめからぬってないのですか。
Was it not painted from the beginning?
16
そうです。これをたてはじめたあしかがよしまさというしょうぐんがまだたてもののできあがらないうちにしんでしまったのです。
No, it wasn’t. The Shoogun, Ashikaga Yoshimasa, who started to build it died before it was completed.
17
それで、ちゅうとでけんちくをやめたのですか。
And did they quit building midway?
18
そうです。それがほとんどそのままのこっているといえるんです。
That’s right. You can say that it is remaining practically as is.

です。: to be (See Gram. Notes)
言う: to say
そう: numerical counter for ships
まだ: yet, still
うち: home, house
ほとんど: almost (See Gram. Notes)
いる: to need (See Gram. Notes)
言える: can be said

Major temples of Kyoto · Dialogue 4 of 5

The eastern headquarters

The speakers list major temples in Kyoto. *多いですね。ちおん院、きよ水寺、東本願寺、西本願寺、三十三間堂などはどうしても見るべきですね* means "There are many. You should see Chion-in, Kiyomizu, Higashi Honganji, Nishi Honganji, and Sanjūsangen-dō."

*東本願寺* is Higashi Honganji, the junior headquarters of the *JOODO SHINSHUU* sect.

Fire destroyed its buildings four times. The present buildings were completed in 1895 with contributions from members of the sect.

The western headquarters

The temple list includes *西本願寺*, Nishi Honganji. It is the senior headquarters of the *JOODO SHINSHUU* sect.

It stands about a ten minute walk from Kyoto Station. Art critics often call it the best existing example of Buddhist architecture.

Kanji: 願

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

19
かんぜんにできあがっていないんですか。
Isn’t it complete?
20
そうです。
No, it isn’t.
21
きょうとにはおおきなおてらがおおいとか。
I heard that there are many large temples in Kyoto.
22
おおいですね。ちおんいん、きよみずでら、ひがしほんがんじ、にしほんがんじ、さんじゅうさんげんどうなどはどうしてもみるべきですね。
There are many. You should see CHION-IN Temple, KIYOMIZU Temple, HIGASHI HONGANJI Temple, NISHI HONGANJI Temple, SANJUU-SANGENDOO Hall, etc., by all means.
23
きょうとはてらばかりとききましたが。
I heard that there is nothing but temples in Kyoto, but, (is that true?)
24
ええ、むかしのへいあんきょうのそとがわは、てらばかりといえます。
Yes, you can say that there is nothing but temples outside of the ancient HEIANKYOO.

かんぜん: complete; perfect (N)
大きな: big, large (See Gram. Notes)
水: water
東: east
西: west
三十: 30
三: three
間: between
など: and so forth, etc.
ばかり: about
ええ、: Yes
ます。: trout

Famous shrines of Kyoto · Dialogue 5 of 5

Yasaka Shrine

The speakers name Kyoto's famous shrines. Their list includes *八坂神社*, Yasaka Shrine, which is commonly called *GION* Shrine.

The present buildings date from 1654. Its 36-foot stone *TORII* gate is said to be one of Japan's largest.

Heian Shrine

*この中で平安神宮は、見のがしてはならないものです* means "Among these, Heian Shrine must not be overlooked."

*HEIAN* Shrine was built in 1895 for the 1,100th anniversary of Kyoto's founding. Its brightly colored buildings copy the first Imperial Palace on a smaller scale.

25
じんじゃは。
What about the shrines?
26
ゆうめいなのはへいあんじんぐう、やさかじんじゃ、ほうこくじんじゃなどです。このなかでへいあんじんぐうは、みのがしてはならないものです。
The famous ones are the HEIAN Shrine, the YASAKA Shrine, the HOOKOKU Shrine, and others. Among these you must not overlook the HEIAN Shrine.

神社: shrine
は。: leaves
な: I wish, I hope, huh
国: country, nation

What people consider important · Perception drill

A judgment presented as general

*このごろでは日本から来たカメラはいい物とされています* means "These days, cameras from Japan are regarded as good things." The description ends before *とされています*.

After a noun, pronoun, or basic I-adjective, *とされている* means "considered to be" or "regarded as."

*習うのがむずかしい外国語の一つとされています* means "It is considered one of the difficult foreign languages to learn."

27
ごしょはけんぶつしなければならないもののひとつとされています。
The Imperial Palace is regarded as one of the things that you have to see.
28
わたくしはにほんのカメラをかったんですがどうでしょうか。
I bought a Japanese camera, but what do you think?
29
このごろではにほんからきたカメラはいいものとされていますから、たぶんいいでしょう。
It probably is nice, as these days cameras that are brought from Japan are regarded as things of good quality.
30
いまからさん・よんじゅうねんまえにはにほんせいのしなものはよくないものとされていたそうですね。
I understand that about thirty or forty years ago, goods made in Japan were regarded as goods of inferior quality, isn’t that right?
31
そうです。たいていにほんせいのしなものはやすっぽくて、しながわるかったからね。
That’s right. It’s because goods made in Japan were normally cheap looking and their quality was inferior.
32
がんというびょうきになると、もうだめですね。
It’s hopeless if you become afflicted with cancer, isn’t it?
33
ええ、まあいまのところではがんはなおらないものとされていますね。もちろんはやくみつかればなおりますがね。
Yes, it is. Well, as of now, cancer is considered to be an incurable disease. Of course, if the cancer is discovered early, it will be cured.
34
にほんごはならうのがむずかしいですか。
Is Japanese difficult to learn?
35
ええ、ならうのがむずかしいがいこくごのひとつとされていますね。
Yes, it is considered as one of the most difficult foreign languages to learn.
36
カーメルはしなもののねだんがたかいですね。
The commodity prices are high in Carmel, aren’t they?
37
そう、モンテレーはんとうではいちばんねだんがたかいところとされています。
Yes. It is considered as the most expensive place on the Monterey Peninsula.

カメラ: camera (See Cult. Notes)
いい: good (See Gram. Notes)
分: minute
三・: three
四十: 40
前: before, front
品物: goods, merchandise
よく: well, skillfully
品: quality, goods
がん: cancer (See Cult. Notes)
もう: already (See Gram. Notes)
だめ: no good, useless, hopeless
まあ: Well! Oh, my!
むずかしい: difficult
カーメル: Carmel
ねだん: price
モンテレー: Monterey
半島: peninsula
一番: number one (See Grammar Notes)

Describing common beliefs · Pattern 1 1 of 3

Accepted judgments

*大阪は日本第一の工業都市とされています* means "Osaka is considered Japan's leading industrial city."

The description comes directly before *とされています*, the construction used for the Imperial Palace.

What is considered best

*日本の観光は春が一番いい時期とされています* means "Spring is considered the best season for sightseeing in Japan."

The same construction presents a classification, a quality, or what is considered best as an accepted judgment.

38
たばこはびょうにんにはわるいものとされています。
Smoking is considered bad for sick people.
39
にほんのかんこうははるがいちばんいいじきとされています。
Spring is considered the best season for sightseeing in Japan.
40
このみせのしなものはたかいものとされています。
The goods in this store are considered expensive.
41
がんはなおらないびょうきとされています。
Cancer is considered an incurable disease.
42
にっこうはがいこくじんにもっともよくしられためいしょのひとつとされています。
Nikko is considered one of the sights best known to foreigners.
43
おおさかはにほんだいいちのこうぎょうとしとされています。
Osaka is considered Japan’s leading industrial city.
44
にほんではろくがつはつゆとされています。
In Japan, June is considered the rainy season.
45
まいにちすこしずつさけをのむひとはけんこうだとされています。
People who drink a little alcohol every day are considered healthy.

たばこ: tobacco, cigarette
病人: sick person, patient
春: spring
店: store, shop
日光: Nikko, P.N,; sun’s ray
人: people
もっとも: extremely, the most
名所: famous places
都市: city
六: six
月: moon, month (See Grammar Notes)
つゆ: rainy season (See Cult. Notes)
毎日: Mainichi Newspaper Co.
少し: little (quantity)
ずつ: each (See Gram. Notes)
酒: Sake, rice wine
けんこう: health

Asking what people consider best · Pattern 1 2 of 3

Asking about a judgment

*日本語を習うのに何が一番必要だとされていますか* means "What is considered most necessary for learning Japanese?"

The question places the unknown item inside the description before *とされていますか*. An answer replaces it with the accepted choice.

A belief as a reason

*大抵きりが深い時には降らないものとされていますから* means "It is generally believed that it does not rain when the fog is thick."

Here the accepted belief gives the reason for the prediction that rain will not fall.

46
じぶんのまごはかわいいものだとされています。
People consider their own grandchildren adorable.
47
かんこうにいちばんいいじきははるとされていますね。
Spring is considered the best season for sightseeing, isn’t it?
48
ええ、しかしとしよりのひとにはあきのほうがいいそうですよ。
Yes, but they say autumn is better for older people.
49
きょうはあめがふるでしょうか。
Do you think it will rain today?
50
きりがふかいからふらないでしょう。たいていきりがふかいときにはふらないものとされていますから。
It probably won’t rain because the fog is thick. It is generally believed that it does not rain when the fog is thick.
51
にほんごをならうのになにがいちばんひつようだとされていますか。
What is considered most necessary for learning Japanese?
52
ぶんけいとことばをおぼえることがいちばんたいせつだとされていますね。
Learning sentence patterns and words is considered the most important thing, isn’t it?
53
やすっぽいしなものをかうとだめですね。
It is no good buying cheap-looking goods, is it?

自分: self
かわいい: dear, lovely, charming
しかし: however, but
秋: autumn, fall
今日: today
雨: rain
降る: to fall (rain) (v.i.)
きり: fog
時: time
おぼえる: to memorize, remember (v.t.)
安っぽい: cheap
買う: to buy

Stating accepted qualities · Pattern 1 3 of 3

Qualities regarded as typical

*安っぽい品物はこわれやすい物とされています* means "Cheap-looking goods are considered easy to break."

The description before *とされています* presents ease of breaking as an accepted quality.

The products of an action

*田中夫人の料理した物は何でも皆おいしいとされています* means "Everything Mrs. Tanaka cooks is considered delicious."

Here *とされています* presents deliciousness as the accepted quality of everything she cooks.

54
そうですよ。やすっぽいしなものはこわれやすいものとされています。
That’s right. Cheap-looking goods are considered easy to break.
55
たなかさんのおくさんはりょうりがじょうずですね。
Mr. Tanaka’s wife is a good cook, isn’t she?
56
ええ、たなかふじんのりょうりしたものはなんでもみなおいしいとされています。
Yes, everything Mrs. Tanaka cooks is considered delicious.
57
からだがじょうぶなひとはめったにかぜをひかない。
People with strong constitutions seldom catch colds.
58
いいしなものはねだんがたかい。
Good-quality goods are expensive.
59
にっこうはこくりつこうえんのひとつです。
Nikko is one of the national parks.
60
はるはかんこうにいちばんいいじきです。
Spring is the best season for sightseeing.
61
やすっぽいしなものはこわれやすい。
Cheap-looking goods break easily.

やすい: cheap
上手: skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)
おいしい: tasty, delicious
体: body, health
かぜ: wind

Kyoto palaces and pavilion history · Reading Selection 1 of 2

Palaces and pavilion history

These questions ask which Kyoto sights are essential, who built Nijō Detached Palace, and why it was built.

*金かく寺はいつほう火で焼けましたか* means "When was the Golden Pavilion burned down by arson?" An answer gives the year from the account.

62
きょうとをけんぶつするときに、どうしてもみなければならないところとされているのはどこですか。
What place is considered one of the places that you absolutely must see when sightseeing in Kyoto?
63
そのほかみのがしてはならないところになにがありますか。
Besides that, what places must not be overlooked?
64
にじょうりきゅうはだれがたてたものですか。
Who built the Nijō Detached Palace?
65
なんのためにたてたものですか。
What was it built for?
66
にじょうりきゅうはなんでゆうめいですか。
What is the Nijō Detached Palace famous for?
67
きんかくじはいつほうかでやけましたか。
When was the Golden Pavilion burned down by arson?
68
さいけんされたのはいつですか。
When was it rebuilt?

に、: on (See Gram. Notes)
だれ: who?
いつ: when?

Kyoto temple and shrine sights · Reading Selection 2 of 2

Chion-in

*有名なお寺にはどんなのがありますか* means "What famous temples are there?" One answer names *CHION-IN*.

*CHION-IN* is the grand headquarters of the *JOODO* sect. It is one of Japan's largest and most famous temples.

Kiyomizu Temple

The temple answer also names *KIYOMIZU* Temple. It is dedicated to the eleven-faced *KANNON*.

Its main temple stands on a cliff with a wooden platform. The platform gives a view of Kyoto and its surrounding districts.

69
そのこんじきのたてものがいけにうつったながめはどうですか。
How is the view of the golden building reflected in the pond?
70
きんかくじのしゃしんはたびたびえいがでみることができますか。
Can pictures of the Golden Pavilion often be seen in movies?
71
ぎんかくじのしゃしんはたびたびみますか。
Do you often see pictures of the Silver Pavilion?
72
これらのほかにきょうとにはおてらやじんじゃがたくさんありますか。
Besides these, are there many temples and shrines in Kyoto?
73
ゆうめいなおてらにはどんなのがありますか。
What famous temples are there?
74
ゆうめいなじんじゃにはどんなのがありますか。
What famous shrines are there?

ながめ: view (n)
たびたび: often, frequently
映画: movie
や: and---among others (See Gram. Notes)
どんな: what kind of; what sort of

Kyoto landmarks and their history · Questions

A hall of thirty-three spaces

The account moves from palaces and pavilions to Kyoto's temples and shrines. Its temple list includes *三十三間堂*, Sanjūsangen-dō.

The name *SANJUU-SANGEN-DOO* comes from the 33 spaces between its pillars. The hall is a National Treasure.

Its chief image is an eight-foot thousand-handed *Kannon*. A thousand smaller *Kannon* accompany it.

75
きょうとをけんぶつするときにどうしてもみなければならないところのひとつとされているものにごしょがありますが、そのほかみのがしてはならないところにきんかくじ、ぎんかくじ、にじょうりきゅうなどがあります。にじょうりきゅうはとくがわいえやすがきょうとへいったときにとまるしろとしてたてられたものですが、こんにちではそのけんちくとていえんでゆうめいです。きんかくじはせんきゅうひゃくごじゅうねんにほうかによってやけ、こんにちたっているものはせんきゅうひゃくごじゅうごねんにさいけんされたものです。そのこんじきのたてものがいけにうつったながめはすばらしいものです。ですから、よくしゃしんに
The Imperial Palace is considered one of the places that you absolutely must see when sightseeing in Kyoto, and other places that must not be overlooked include the Golden Pavilion, the Silver Pavilion, and the Nijō Detached Palace. The Nijō Detached Palace was built as a castle where Tokugawa Ieyasu could stay when he went to Kyoto, but today it is famous for its architecture and garden. The Golden Pavilion was burned down by arson in 1950, and the building standing today was rebuilt in 1955. The view of the golden building reflected in the pond is splendid. Therefore, it can often be seen in photographs
76
みることができます。ぎんかくじはふるびて、きんかくじほどうつくしくはないのです。ですから、ぎんかくじのしゃしんはほとんどみることができません。これらのほかにきょうとにはおてらやじんじゃがたくさんあります。むかしのへいあんきょうのそとがわはてらばかりといってもいいくらいです。ゆうめいなおてらにはちおんいん、きよみずでら、ひがしほんがんじ、にしほんがんじ、さんじゅうさんげんどうなどがあり、じんじゃにはへいあんじんぐう、やさかじんじゃ、ほうこくじんじゃなどがあります。
and movies. The Silver Pavilion is old and not as beautiful as the Golden Pavilion. Therefore, pictures of the Silver Pavilion can hardly ever be seen. Besides these, there are many temples and shrines in Kyoto. It could almost be said that the outskirts of the old capital of Heian were nothing but temples. Famous temples include Chion-in, Kiyomizu-dera, Higashi Honganji, Nishi Honganji, and Sanjūsangen-dō, and shrines include Heian Shrine, Yasaka Shrine, and Hōkoku Shrine.

から、: from (See Gram. Notes)
ほど: to the extent (See Grammar Notes)
くらい: dark

Pavilions, palaces and fortifications · Word list 1 of 3

Palaces and castle features

This field covers Kyoto's pavilions, palaces, shoguns, and castle features.

*二条り宮* means "Nijō Detached Palace," while *ほり* means "moat" or "pond."

*--とされている* means "considered to be" or "regarded as."

77
--とされている
considered to be--; regarded as, (See Gram. Notes)
78
みのがす
overlook (v.t.)
79
きんかくじ
Golden Pavilion
80
ぎんかくじ
Silver Pavilion
81
にじょうりきゅう
Nijo Detached Palace
82
いちぶをなす
constitute a portion of
83
---をなす
composed of; be the component of
84
のち
after; afterwards
85
しょうぐん
shogun, general; generalissimo
86
ほり
moat; pond
87
にじょうじょう
Nijo Castle (another name for the Nijo Detached Palace (See Cult. Notes)

--とされている: considered to be--; regarded as, (See Gram. Notes)
見のがす: overlook (v.t.)
金かく寺: Golden Pavilion
銀かく寺: Silver Pavilion
二条り宮: Nijo Detached Palace
一部をなす: constitute a portion of
---をなす: composed of; be the component of
二条城: Nijo Castle (another name for the Nijo Detached Palace (See Cult. Notes)

Reflections, arson and contrasts · Word list 2 of 3

Change and contrast

This field covers reflections, arson, contrast, age, and unfinished construction.

*映る* means "be reflected," and *それに反して* means "in contrast to that."

*中と* means "midway."

88
うつる
be reflected; cast shadow (v.i.)
89
ほうか（する）
arson (commit arson)
90
どうりで
no wonder; natural -- that
91
どうり
reason; logic
92
それにはんして
in contrast to that; contrarily
93
ふるびる
appear old; be worn down
94
もとの
original
95
それはまたどうして
Why is that?
96
なかと
middle, midway, halfway
97
かんぜんに
completely
98
かんぜん
complete; perfect (N)

映る: be reflected; cast shadow (v.i.)
ほう火（する）: arson (commit arson)
道理で: no wonder; natural -- that
それに反して: in contrast to that; contrarily
古びる: appear old; be worn down
もとの: original
それは又どうして: Why is that?
中と: middle, midway, halfway
かんぜんに: completely

Temple and shrine names · Word list 3 of 3

Temples and shrines

This field names Kyoto's principal temples and shrines, the old capital, and the color gold.

*ちおん院* means "Chion-in temple," and *平安神宮* means "Heian Shrine."

*平安京* means "Heian capital."

99
ちおんいん
Chion-in temple (See Cult. Notes)
100
きよみずでら
Kiyomizu temple (See Cult. Notes)
101
ひがしほんがんじ
Higashi Honganji Temple (See Cult. Notes)
102
にしほんがんじ
Nishi Honganji Temple (See Cult. Notes)
103
さんじゅうさんげんどう
Sanjusangendo Hall (“of Buddha”) See Cult. Notes)
104
へいあんきょう
Heian capital
105
じんじゃ
shrine
106
へいあんじんぐう
Heian Jingu (Shrine) (See Cult. Notes)
107
やさかじんじゃ
Yasaka Jinja (Shrine) (See Cult. Notes)
108
ほうこくじんじゃ
Hookoku Jinja (Shrine)
109
きんいろの
golden colored

Guide for Free Conversation

1 Topic titles:

1(a) Plan a trip to Kyoto with your friend and converse with him covering the following points.

1(a)(1) The NIJOO Detached Palace

1(a)(2) The Golden Pavilion

1(a)(3) The Silver Pavilion

1(a)(4) Temples that you have to see

1(a)(5) Famous shrines

2(a) Visual Cues: Look at the map on Page 236 and discuss the points of interest.

2(b) Look at the pictures on Page 237 to 240 and talk about them.

Homework

1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.

2 Study the Grammar Perception Drill.

3 Study the Pattern Practice and do the exercise at the end of each pattern.

4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.

5 Read the Explanatory Notes.

6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given.

ちおん院: Chion-in temple (See Cult. Notes)
きよ水寺: Kiyomizu temple (See Cult. Notes)
東本願寺: Higashi Honganji Temple (See Cult. Notes)
西本願寺: Nishi Honganji Temple (See Cult. Notes)
三十三間堂: Sanjusangendo Hall (“of Buddha”) See Cult. Notes)
平安京: Heian Capital
平安神宮: Heian Jingu (Shrine) (See Cult. Notes)
八坂神社: Yasaka Jinja (Shrine) (See Cult. Notes)
ほう国神社: Hookoku Jinja (Shrine)
金色の: golden colored

Castles and palaces in Kyoto · Dialogue 1 of 5

A castle for visits to Kyoto

Regarded as essential

Kanji: 条, 泊, 建

Kanji: 後

Golden and Silver Pavilions · Dialogue 2 of 5

The Golden Pavilion rebuilt

Kanji: 築, 庭

Kanji: 再, 映

Why the Silver Pavilion is unfinished · Dialogue 3 of 5

An unfinished pavilion

Major temples of Kyoto · Dialogue 4 of 5

The eastern headquarters

The western headquarters

Kanji: 願

Famous shrines of Kyoto · Dialogue 5 of 5

Yasaka Shrine

Heian Shrine

What people consider important · Perception drill

A judgment presented as general

Describing common beliefs · Pattern 1 1 of 3

Accepted judgments

What is considered best

Asking what people consider best · Pattern 1 2 of 3

Asking about a judgment

A belief as a reason

Stating accepted qualities · Pattern 1 3 of 3

Qualities regarded as typical

The products of an action

Kyoto palaces and pavilion history · Reading Selection 1 of 2

Palaces and pavilion history

Kyoto temple and shrine sights · Reading Selection 2 of 2

Chion-in

Kiyomizu Temple

Kyoto landmarks and their history · Questions

A hall of thirty-three spaces

Pavilions, palaces and fortifications · Word list 1 of 3

Palaces and castle features

Reflections, arson and contrasts · Word list 2 of 3

Change and contrast

Temple and shrine names · Word list 3 of 3

Temples and shrines

The particulars