Japanese Basic Course 1732 Studios

Japanese · Lesson 107

Lesson 109

Reading Japan

102 lines

Why the capital moved · Dialogue 1 of 5

Five or six days in Kyoto

A speaker describes Kyoto for tourists. *京都をゆっくり見物しようとすれば、五六日かかる* means "it would take five or six days to see Kyoto leisurely."

*京都は千年以上も日本の都だった所* means "Kyoto was the capital of Japan for more than a thousand years." Its long history explains the many sights.

Economic trouble, difficulty maintaining unity, and internal disorder led to the move from Nara. Kyoto was the capital from 794 to 1868.

Kanji: 統 to 起

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

Kanji: 一

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 1

    こんどはかんこうきゃくにおしえるつもりできょうとについてはなしてください。

    Please talk about Kyoto this time imagining that you are teaching the tourists.

    今度this time
    はtopic
    観光tourists
    客tourists
    にto
    教えるteach
    つもりintending
    でas
    京都Kyoto
    にabout
    ついabout
    てabout
    話しtalk
    てtalk
    ください。please
  2. 2

    よろしい。とにかくはなしにはいるまえに、きょうとをゆっくりけんぶつしようとすれば、ごろくにちかかるということをあたまにおいてもらいたいのです。

    O.K. Well anyway, before I start talking I want you to bear this in mind, that it would take five or six days if you do the sights of Kyoto leisurely.

  3. 3

    そうですか。

    Is that right?

  4. 4

    なんといっても、きょうとはせんねんいじょうもにほんのみやこだったところなので、みるものもおおいわけです。

    Anyway, Kyoto was the capital of Japan for more than a thousand years. That is the reason there are many things to see.

  5. 5

    そうでしょうね。でいったいなぜみやこをならからうつすようになったのですか。

    I suppose you are right. And, what in the world is the reason for the turn of events of moving the capital from Nara?

  6. 6

    けいざいてきにうまくいかなくなって、とういつがつきかねるじょうたいになり、そのうえないらんがおきたりしたので、みやこがうつされることになったんです。

    Conditions became such that things didn’t go smoothly economically and it was difficult to keep unity. Furthermore, internal disorder broke out, so steps were taken to move the capital.

--- DATTE
Following nouns and pronouns, DATTE expresses the meaning of “even”, “also”, or “too”.

Examples:

WATASHI DATTE DEKIRU. “I can do it too” or “Even I can do it.”

KIMI DATTE ONAJI JA NAI KA. “Even you are the same as I am.”

SARU DATTE KI KARA OCHIRU SA. “Even a monkey sometimes falls down a tree.”

BOKU GA BAKA NARA, KIMI DATTE BAKA DA. “If I am a fool, you are too.”

There are times when DATTE follows a particle when the verb involved requires it. For example:

WATAKUSHI NI DEKIRU. “I can do it.”

WATAKUSHI NI DATTE DEKIRU “Even I can do it.”

KORE WA BOKU NI WA WAKARANAI. “I can’t understand this.”

KORE WA BOKU NI DATTE WAKARANAI. “Even I can’t understand this.”

BOKU WA NIHON E IKU. “I go to Japan.”

BOKU WA NIHON E DATTE IKU. “I go even to Japan.”
KYOTO
Some visitors who dislike Tokyo for its bigness and its modernity will fall in love with Kyoto quickly. Others, who value progress, may think Kyoto is backward or old-fashioned. The truth is that Kyoto, while retaining nearly all its best features of the past, is one of Japan’s most progressive cities. It was in Kyoto that Japan’s first primary school system was opened, that Japan’s first streetcar operated, and Japan’s first electric generator started providing power. But, the past is very much a part of the present in contemporary Kyoto.
The capital of Japan from 794 to 1868, it became the center of Japanese culture, witnessed the influx of Chinese art, language and literature, and the successful blending which has resulted in the manners and customs of Japan as we know them today.
Kyoto has seen everything, but is patient, and exists for the present while treasuring the past. Its 1,327,000 inhabitants enjoy their unique heritage.

Cultural note, continued.
今度
this time, next time
は
leaves
に
on (See Gram. Notes)
で
--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
つい
just; only
ください。
please give me (See Gram. Notes)
よろしい。
good!
とにかく
at any rate; any how
話
story, talk
いる
to need (See Gram. Notes)
前
before, front
を
particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
ゆっくり
slowly; deliberately; leisurely
と
and (See Gram. Notes)
かかる
to consult, to contract, to be attacked by
言う
to say
頭
head, mind
おい
nephew
の
See Grammar Notes
です。
to be (See Gram. Notes)
そう
numerical counter for ships
か。
either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
も、
as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes
千
1,000
年
year (See Grammar Notes)
都
capital
所
address, place
な
I wish, I hope, huh
でしょう
probably (See Gram. Notes)
ね。
isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
なぜ
why?
奈良
P.N.
から
from (See Gram. Notes)
移す
to move, relocate, shift
統一
unity; uniformity
が
but (See Gram. Notes)
状態
condition; situation
内乱
internal disorder; civil commotion
し
city
れる
to be able to -- (See Grammar Notes)

Comparing two planned capitals · Dialogue 2 of 5

A planned capital after Nagaoka

A visitor asks about Kyoto's design, size, and earlier capital.

*京都も奈良と同じ様に計画都市でしたか* asks whether Kyoto was a planned city like Nara.

Kyoto was almost the same size as Nara but slightly longer. Its old broad streets have mostly disappeared.

*七百九十四年に京都に都を造ったのです* places the new capital in Kyoto in 794. Nagaoka served as capital for about ten years before that.

  1. 7

    きょうともならとおなじようにけいかくとしでしたか。

    Was Kyoto a planned city just like Nara?

  2. 8

    そうです。おおきさもならとほとんどおなじぐらいでした。ながさよん・きゅうごキロ、はばよん・にキロですから、ならよりすこしながいです。

    Yes, it was. The size, too, was just about the same as Nara. It is a little longer than Nara since the length is 4.95 kilometers and the width is 4.2 kilometers.

  3. 9

    それできょうとにうつったのはななひゃくはちじゅうよねんですか。

    Was it 784 A.D. when it was moved to Kyoto?

  4. 10

    いいえ、ななひゃくきゅうじゅうよねんにきょうとにみやこをつくったのです。それまで、じゅうねんほどきょうとのなんぽうのながおかがみやこでした。

    No, the capital was built in Kyoto in 794 A.D. So until then, for about ten years, Nagaoka which is to the south of Kyoto, was the capital.

  5. 11

    きょうとしは、それでは、とうじのみやこがそのままのこっているのですね。

    Then, as for the city of Kyoto, the capital of those days is remaining in tact, isn’t that right?

  6. 12

    だいたいにそうです。けれども、むかしのひろいとおりはほとんどなくなりました。

    It is so for the most part. However, the wide streets of the olden days are practically gone.

も
as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes
都市
city
ほとんど
almost (See Gram. Notes)
ぐらい
about
四・
four
九
nine
五
five
キロ、
kilometer
はば
width
二
two
から、
from (See Gram. Notes)
より
than (See Gram. Notes)
少し
little (quantity)
七百
700
八十
80
九十
90
まで、
as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)
十
ten
ほど
to the extent (See Grammar Notes)
南方
in the southern direction; south
当時
at that time; then
通り
street

How the city expanded · Dialogue 3 of 5

Growth toward the north and east

One speaker asks why Kyoto developed north and east. *土地が低くて、いけやぬまが多く* describes low land with many ponds and swamps.

The western and southern areas were unsuitable for settlement. Kyoto therefore expanded toward the north and east.

*かも川の東の方がにぎやかになった* means "the east side of the Kamogawa River became bustling." The streets there are less orderly than those to the west.

  1. 13

    むかしのとおりはひろかったんですか。

    Were the streets of the olden days wide?

  2. 14

    いちばんひろいのははばがはちじゅうメートルぐらい、ふつうのおおどおりはにじゅうよんメートルぐらいでした。

    The widest one was about 80 meters wide and the ordinary main streets were about 24 meters.

  3. 15

    なぜきょうとはきたとひがしにはってんしていったのですか。

    Why was Kyoto developed to the north and to the east?

  4. 16

    それはへいあんきょうのせいぶとなんぶはとちがひくくて、いけやぬまがおおく、ひとがすむのにはてきしていなかったからです。

    That’s because the western part and the southern part of the Heian Capital were lowlands and there were many ponds and swamps and they weren’t suitable for people to live.

  5. 17

    なるほどね。

    I see.

  6. 18

    それでひがしときたにのび、かもがわのひがしのほうがにぎやかになったのです。きょうとしのちずをみると、かもがわのひがしはとおりがごたごたしているが、にしはせいぜんとしているのにきがつくでしょう。これをごらん。

    For that reason, it was expanded to the east and to the north, and the east side of the Kamogawa River became bustling. If you look at the map of Kyoto, you’ll notice that the streets are disorderly on the east of the Kamogawa River, but they are very orderly on the west side. Take a look at this.

です
to be (See Gram. Notes)
一番
number one (See Grammar Notes)
メートル
meter
ぐらい、
about
二十
20
四
four
北
north
東
east
西部
western part or portion
南部
southern part or portion
土地
land, lot
いけ
pond, dam, reservoir
や
and---among others (See Gram. Notes)
ぬま
swamp
多く、
many of them
人
people
住む
to live, reside
い
stomach
なるほど
I see, indeed, to be sure
川
river
にぎやか
merry; crowded; flourishing; gay
西
west
せ
height (of man)
いぜん
before
つく
to arrive, to reach (v.i.)
でしょう。
probably (See Gram. Notes)

Visiting the Imperial Palace · Dialogue 4 of 5

Two openings and special permission

A visitor asks whether the Imperial Palace is always open. *一年に二度だけ一ぱん観光客にあけます* means "It is opened to tourists only twice a year."

The openings run from April 6 through April 10 and from November 28 through December 2.

*特別にきょかをもらえば、いつでもはいる事が出来ます* means foreign visitors may enter at any time with special permission from the Imperial Household Agency.

  1. 19

    そうですね。きがつきませんでした。ごしょはどこですか。

    I see. I never noticed it before. Where is the Imperial Palace?

  2. 20

    ここです。

    It is here.

  3. 21

    ごしょはいつでもはいってけんぶつできますか。

    Can you go into the Imperial palace any time and see it?

  4. 22

    いちねんににどだけいっぱんかんこうきゃくにあけます。しがつむいかからとおかまでと、じゅういちがつにじゅうはちにちからじゅうにがつふつかまでのにかいです。

    It is opened to the tourists only twice a year. They are open from the 6th of April to the 10th and from the 28th of November to the 2nd of December.

  5. 23

    では、そのときいがいはそとからみるだけですね。

    Then, other than those days, you only look at it from the outside, isn’t that right?

  6. 24

    がいこくじんのばあいにはくないちょうからとくべつにきょかをもらえば、いつでもはいることができます。

    In the case of foreigners, if they obtain a special permit from the Imperial Household Agency, they can go in any time.

御所
an Imperial Palace
ここ
here
いつ
when?
ます
trout
一
one
だけ
only, just (See Grammar Notes)
月
moon, month (See Grammar Notes)
六
six
まで
as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)
と、
and (See Gram. Notes)
八
eight
かい
counter meaning ”time” (frequency)
時
time
ちょう
intestines
はいる
to enter, to go in

Avoiding special treatment abroad · Dialogue 5 of 5

Declining special treatment

One speaker says *特別のあつかいはえんりょしたいのです*, meaning "I want to decline the special treatment."

The reply describes visitors who demand such treatment or accept it without much gratitude. Their conduct gives Japanese people an unfavorable impression.

Even Japanese visitors

*日本人だって、外国に行けば同じ様な間違いをやるんでしょう* means "Even Japanese people probably make the same kind of mistake abroad."

In this line, *だって* follows *日本人* and includes Japanese people as another possible case. It means "even."

Kanji: 定, 求

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 25

    そうですか。でも、わたくしはいちにしゅうかんのていでにほんにきたかんこうきゃくではないし、とくべつのあつかいはえんりょしたいのです。

    Is that right? But, since I am not a tourist who came to Japan for one or two weeks of scheduled stay, I want to decline the special treatment.

  2. 26

    そうですか。ときどき、あなたとはんたいにとくべつのあつかいやサービスをきゅうするがいこくじんがいます。また、そういうたいぐうをうけるのをあたりまえとかんがえて、それほどかんしゃしないひともあって、にほんじんにわるいかんじをあたえています。

    Is that so? On the contrary, at times there are foreigners who demand special treatment and service. And again, there are those that don’t appreciate it very much, thinking that it is natural for them to receive such treatment, and it gives an unfavorable impression to the Japanese people.

  3. 27

    そうでしょう。きをつけなければなりませんね。

    I suppose so. We must be careful, mustn’t we?

  4. 28

    にほんじんだって、がいこくにいけばおなじようなまちがいをやるんでしょう。おたがいにきをつけなければなりませんね。

    Even Japanese people, when they go abroad, probably will be doing the same type of blunder, so we all must be careful.

予定
plan, prearrangement
し、
city
時々、
sometimes, occasionally
サービス
service
ます。
trout
また、
thigh
あたり前
right; proper; deserving; normal; as a matter of course
だ
to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
やる
to do

Even teachers make mistakes · Perception drill

Even a teacher

*先生だって時々書き間違える* means "Even a teacher sometimes writes it wrong." The teacher is an unexpected case included in the statement.

After a noun or pronoun, *だって* means "even," "also," or "too." *英語だって同じですよ* means "Even in English, it is the same."

After a required particle

*君に出来れば、僕にだって出来るさ* means "If you can do it, I can do it too."

When the verb requires a particle, *だって* follows that particle. Here, *にだって* keeps the *に* required with *出来る*.

  1. 29

    にほんじんだってがいこくへいけば、おなじようなまちがいをします。

    Even the Japanese will make the same mistake if they go abroad.

  2. 30

    きみ、こんなしごとができるか。

    Say, can you do work like this?

  3. 31

    きみにできれば、ぼくにだってできるさ。

    If you can do it, I can do it too.

  4. 32

    せんせい、またこのかんじをかきまちがえました。

    Teacher, I wrote this Kanji wrong.

  5. 33

    せんせいだってときどきかきまちがえるのだから、せいとがまちがえるのはあたりまえだよ。

    Even a teacher sometimes writes it wrong, so it’s natural for students to write it wrong.

  6. 34

    にほんごにはおなじいみのことばがおおくてこまりますね。

    There are many words of the same meaning in Japanese and they are troublesome, aren’t they?

  7. 35

    えいごだっておなじですよ。

    Even in English, it’s the same.

  8. 36

    たむらくんはうたはあまりじょうずじゃないね。

    Mr. Tamura isn’t very good in singing, is he?

  9. 37

    うん、あれくらいなら、ぼくだってうたえるよ。

    No, even I can sing that much.

  10. 38

    スミスさんはよくべんきょうするんだね。

    Mr, Smith does study hard, doesn’t he?

  11. 39

    ええ、にちようびだってにさんじかんべんきょうするんだそうですよ。

    Yes, as I understand it, he studies two or three hours even on Sunday.

へ
to (See Gram. Notes)
君、
suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)
出来る
to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)
僕
I (see notes)
先生、
refers to doctors, educators, etc. (See Cult. Notes)
時々
sometimes, occasionally
多く
many of them
うた
song
上手
skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)
うん、
Yes, all right.
くらい
dark
なら、
if it is (See Gram. Notes)
よく
well, skillfully
ええ、
Yes
時間
hour, time

Even I can do it · Pattern 1 1 of 3

Even I can read it

*これなら僕 だって 読める* means "If it is this, even I can read it." The *だって* after *僕* includes the speaker.

The same *だって* follows a required particle in *普通の日本人にだってわかりにくい*. The Japanese is hard even for an ordinary Japanese person.

  1. 40

    これならぼくだってよめる。

    If it is this, even I can read it.

  2. 41

    すきやきならぼくだってりょうりできる。

    If it is sukiyaki, even I can cook it.

  3. 42

    きみにできれば、ぼくにだってできる。

    If you can do it, I can do it too.

  4. 43

    ビールならぼくだってのめるよ。

    If it is beer, even I can drink it.

  5. 44

    このにほんごはふつうのにほんじんにだってわかりにくいよ。

    This Japanese is hard to understand even for an ordinary Japanese person.

  6. 45

    すこしぐらいのあめだってゴルフをやるよ。

    Even if it rains a little, I will play golf.

  7. 46

    いぬだってこんなまずいものはたべませんよ。

    Even a dog would not eat anything this bad.

  8. 47

    べいこくにだってせのひくいひとがいますよ。

    There are short people even in the United States.

なら
if it is (See Gram. Notes)
すきやき
SUKIYAKI
出来る。
to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)
君
suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)
ビール
beer
雨
rain
ゴルフ
golf
まずい
poor, tasteless
背
back
ひくい
low

Even children can do it · Pattern 1 2 of 3

Summer and winter too

*夏だって、冬だってあまりちがわないのです* means "There is not much difference between summer and winter." Both seasons are included with *だって*.

*子供にだって出来る* means "even a child can do it." Here, *にだって* presents a child as the unlikely case.

  1. 48

    にほんじんだってせのたかいひとがいます。

    There are tall people even among the Japanese.

  2. 49

    モンテレーはなつだってすずしいそうですね。

    I hear Monterey is cool even in summer.

  3. 50

    ええ、なつだって、ふゆだってあまりちがわないのです。

    Yes, there is not much difference between summer and winter.

  4. 51

    このごろはべいこくじんだってにほんのことをよくしっているひとがいますね。

    These days, even among Americans there are people who know a great deal about Japan.

  5. 52

    ええ、このごろはにほんのことにきょうみをもっているひとがずいぶんおおいです。

    Yes, these days there are quite a few people who are interested in Japan.

  6. 53

    これができますか。

    Can you do this?

  7. 54

    こどもにだってできるのだから、わたくしにできないはずはないでしょう。

    Since even a child can do it, there is no reason I should not be able to, is there?

  8. 55

    にほんへのかんこうきゃくははるがいちばんおおいでしょうね。

    There are probably more tourists to Japan in spring than in any other season.

モンテレー
Monterey
夏
summer
すずしい
cool
冬
winter
きょうみ
interest
ずい分
very much
春
spring

Even in rain or summer · Pattern 1 3 of 3

Autumn too

*秋だってずい分多いですよ* means "There are quite a few in autumn too." The *だって* includes autumn with spring.

*さるだって木から落ちる* means "Even a monkey falls from a tree." The statement includes an unexpected example.

Related questions with でも

The related questions use *でも*. *モンテレーは夏でもすずしいですか* asks "Is Monterey cool even in summer?"

*米国人でも日本語が話せる人がありますか* asks whether any Americans can speak Japanese.

  1. 56

    ええ、そうです。だがあきだってずいぶんおおいですよ。

    Yes, that is right. But there are quite a few in autumn too.

  2. 57

    きみだって、こんなまちがいをするんかね。

    Even you make this kind of mistake?

  3. 58

    もちろんさ。さるだってきからおちるというからね。

    Of course. They say even a monkey falls from a tree.

  4. 59

    あしたはあめでもゴルフをやるのかね。

    Will you play golf tomorrow even if it rains?

  5. 60

    モンテレーはなつでもすずしいですか。

    Is Monterey cool even in summer?

  6. 61

    べいこくじんでもにほんごがはなせるひとがありますか。

    Are there any Americans who can speak Japanese?

  7. 62

    にほんじんでもせのたかいひとがいますか。

    Are there any tall people among the Japanese?

  8. 63

    べいこくではおんなははたらきませんか。

    Do women not work in the United States?

秋
autumn, fall
か
either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
もちろん
of course, to be sure
木
tree, wood
落ちる
to fall
明日
tomorrow
話せる
to be able to speak
女
female

Kyoto history and former capital · Reading Selection 1 of 2

Kyoto as capital

The questions review Kyoto's history as Japan's capital. *京都は何年ぐらい日本の都でしたか* asks about the length of that history.

Other questions ask how long leisurely sightseeing takes and when the capital moved from Nara to Kyoto.

Three reasons for the move

*移された理由は何ですか* asks "What was the reason it was moved?" The answer gives economic trouble, difficulty maintaining unity, and internal disorder.

The final question asks for the name of the capital at that time.

  1. 64

    きょうとはなんねんぐらいにほんのみやこでしたか。

    About how many years was Kyoto the capital of Japan?

  2. 65

    きょうとをゆっくりけんぶつしようとすれば、どのぐらいかかりますか。

    How long does it take if you try to see the sights of Kyoto at a leisurely pace?

  3. 66

    みやこがならからきょうとにうつされたのは、せいれきなんねんごろですか。

    About what year A.D. was the capital moved from Nara to Kyoto?

  4. 67

    うつされたりゆうはなんですか。

    What was the reason it was moved?

  5. 68

    りゆうをみっついってください。

    Please give three reasons.

  6. 69

    とうじのみやこだったところをなんといいますか。

    What was the place that served as the capital at that time called?

どの
which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)
西れき
Christian era: A.D.
理由
reason
三
three
ところ
place (See Gram. Notes)

Kyoto growth and palace access · Reading Selection 2 of 2

Growth and palace access

*なぜ平安京の西部と南部に発展していませんか* asks why Kyoto did not expand into the western and southern parts of the Heian Capital.

The next questions contrast ordinary tourists with foreign visitors who receive special permission to enter the Imperial Palace.

The impression visitors make

*そんな事は日本人にどんな感じをあたえますか* asks what impression such conduct gives Japanese people.

A connected answer links demands for special treatment with an unfavorable impression.

  1. 70

    こんにちのきょうとしはへいあんきょうのどっちにむけてはってんしていますか。

    In which directions from Heian-kyo is the present-day city of Kyoto expanding?

  2. 71

    なぜへいあんきょうのせいぶとなんぶにはってんしていませんか。

    Why has it not expanded into the western and southern parts of Heian-kyo?

  3. 72

    きょうとのごしょはいっぱんのかんこうきゃくはいちねんじゅうはいることができますか。

    Can ordinary tourists enter the Kyoto Imperial Palace throughout the year?

  4. 73

    がいこくじんのばあいはどうですか。

    What about foreigners?

  5. 74

    あるがいこくじんのなかにはそういうたいぐうをうけるのをあたりまえとおもっているものがありますか。

    Are there some foreigners who take such treatment for granted?

  6. 75

    そんなことはにほんじんにどんなかんじをあたえますか。

    What kind of impression does that make on the Japanese?

今日
today
どっち
which of two (See Grammar Notes)
ある
certain, some
者
person
どんな
what kind of; what sort of

Kyoto capital and palace history · Questions

Two connected answers

*京都は千年以上も日本の都だったので* begins an account of Kyoto. It covers the sights, relocation, and later growth.

The account gives three reasons for leaving Nara. It links northern and eastern growth to the low, marshy land elsewhere.

*京都の御所は一年に二度だけ一ぱんの観光客にあける事になっています* begins the answer about palace access. Special permission and visitor conduct complete it.

  1. 76

    きょうとはせんねんいじょうもにほんのみやこだったので、みるところがおおく、ゆっくりけんぶつしようとすれば、ごろくにちかかるとおもいます。みやこがならからきょうとにうつされたのはせいれきななひゃくきゅうじゅうよねんで、うつされたりゆうはならがけいざいてきにうまくいかなくなったこと、とういつがつきかねるじょうたいになったこと、たびたびないらんがおきたことなどです。こんにちのきょうとしはとうじのみやこであったへいあんきょうのきたとひがしのほうにむけてはってんしていっています。へいあんきょうのせいぶとなんぶはとちがひくくて、いけやぬまがおおく、ひとがすむのにはてきしていないのがおもなげんいんでした。

    Because Kyoto was the capital of Japan for more than a thousand years, there are many places to see, and I think it takes five or six days to see the sights at a leisurely pace. The capital was moved from Nara to Kyoto in 794 A.D., and the reasons for the move included the fact that things were no longer going well economically in Nara, that it had become difficult to maintain unity, and that internal disorders occurred repeatedly. The present-day city of Kyoto has been expanding toward the north and east of Heian-kyo, the capital at that time. The main reason it did not expand into the western and southern parts of Heian-kyo was that the land was low, with many ponds and marshes, and was not suitable for people to live on.

  2. 77

    きょうとのごしょはいちねんににどだけいっぱんのかんこうきゃくにあけることになっています。しかしがいこくじんのばあいにはくないちょうからとくべつにきょかをもらえばいつでもはいることができるそうです。あるがいこくじんのなかにはそういうたいぐうをうけるのをあたりまえとかんがえて、とくべつのやっかいやサービスをようきゅうするものがいるそうですが、そんなことをすると、にほんじんにわるいかんじをあたえますから、きをつけなければなりません。

    The Kyoto Imperial Palace is open to ordinary tourists only twice a year. However, foreigners can apparently enter at any time if they receive special permission from the Imperial Household Agency. It is said that some foreigners take such treatment for granted and demand special favors and service, but doing so gives the Japanese a bad impression, so one must be careful.

で、
--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
など
and so forth, etc.
原因
cause
しかし
however, but

Political change and directions · Word list 1 of 3

Conditions behind a capital move

These words cover the conditions behind a capital move and southern direction.

*経済的に* means "economically," *内乱* means "internal disorder" or "civil commotion," and *南方* means "south" or "southern direction."

  1. 78

    あたまにおく

    to keep in mind

  2. 79

    なんといっても

    anyway

  3. 80

    けいざいてきに

    economically

  4. 81

    とういつ

    unity; uniformity

  5. 82

    とういつがつく

    to keep unity

  6. 83

    じょうたい

    condition; situation

  7. 84

    ないらん

    internal disorder; civil commotion

  8. 85

    おきる

    occur; happen; get up (v.i.)

  9. 86

    なんぽう

    south; southern direction

頭におく
to keep in mind
何と言っても
anyway
経済的に
economically
統一がつく
to keep unity
起きる
occur; happen; get up (v.i.)

City growth and official permission · Word list 2 of 3

City growth and official access

These words cover Kyoto's districts and growth, official permission, and plans.

*平安京* means "Heian Capital," *のびる* means "expand," "grow," or "extend," and *きょか（する）* means "permit."

  1. 87

    へいあんきょう

    Heian Capital

  2. 88

    せいぶ

    western part or portion

  3. 89

    なんぶ

    southern part or portion

  4. 90

    ぬま

    swamp

  5. 91

    のびる

    expand; grow; extend (v.i.)

  6. 92

    ごたごたする

    be in confusion; be in disorder; be jumbled

  7. 93

    くないちょう

    Imperial Household Agency

  8. 94

    きょか（する）

    permit (permit(v.t.))

  9. 95

    よてい

    plan, prearrangement

平安京
Heian Capital
のびる
to grow tall, grow long, stretch
ごたごたする
be in confusion; be in disorder; be jumbled
くないちょう
Imperial Household Agency
きょか（する）
permit (permit(v.t.))

Courtesy, demands and gratitude · Word list 3 of 3

Declining and demanding

These words cover special treatment, demands, and gratitude.

*えんりょしたい* means "want to decline" or "want to be excluded." *要求（する）* means "demand," while *だって* means "even."

  1. 96

    えんりょしたい

    want to decline; want to be excluded

  2. 97

    えんりょする

    refrain from; decline; stand at ceremony; be conservative (v.t.)

  3. 98

    ようきゅう（する）

    demand (demand (v.t.))

  4. 99

    たいぐう

    treatment; reception

  5. 100

    あたりまえ

    right; proper; deserving; normal; as a matter of course

  6. 101

    かんしゃ（する）

    appreciation; thanks; gratitude (appreciate; thank)(v.i.)

  7. 102

    だって

    even (See Gram. Notes)

Guide for Free Conversation

1 Topic titles:

1(a) Plan a trip to Kyoto with a friend. Have your conversation cover the following points.

1(a)(1) How long you will stay.

1(a)(2) How you will go.

1(a)(3) Where you will stay.

1(a)(4) What you want to see.

1(b) Transform the following conversation piece into a more intimate or abrupt form:

1(b) 法隆寺ってお寺御ぞんじですか。

1(b) 一度日本人の友だちにつれて行ってもらった事があるんですが、ずい分りっぱな物だと思ったんです。

1(b) わたしはもう五六度行ったんですが、見れば見るほどすばらしいと思って、又すぐ行って見たくなるんですよ。

1(b) わたしはあんまりよく見なかったから、ぜひ又行きたいんです。いつか一緒に連れて行ってくださいませんか。

1(b) ああ、いいですとも。一緒に行きましょう。

2 Visual cues: Look at the map on Page 202 and describe.

2(a) Why the west and the south of Heiankyoo was not developed.

2(b) The streets on the east side of the Kamogawa River.

2(c) The streets on the west side of the Kamogawa River.
Homework

1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.

2 Study the Grammar Perception Drill.

3 Study the Pattern Practice and do the exercise given.

4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.

5 Read the Explanatory Notes.

6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercise given.
えんりょしたい
want to decline; want to be excluded
えんりょする
refrain from; decline; stand at ceremony; be conservative (v.t.)
要求（する）
demand (demand (v.t.))
たいぐう
treatment; reception
かんしゃ（する）
appreciation; thanks; gratitude (appreciate; thank)(v.i.)
だって
but

The particulars

The course
Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours.
Reading aloud
Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
The book
Botchan, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
Data
JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.