Japanese Basic Course 1732 Studios

Japanese · Lesson 11

Lesson 11

Sounds, kana, and the first conversations

109 lines

Colours and objects on tables · Dialogue 1 of 4

A wall and a table

Two speakers discuss the colors of a wall and table, then name objects on the table.

*このねずみいろの かべのまえに なにが ありますか* means "What is there in front of this gray wall?" The answer is a table.

Colors and examples

In *この ちゃいろの テーブル*, the color *ちゃいろ* takes *の* before "table".

*かびんや いろがみが あります* means "There are a flower vase and color papers." Here *や* marks these as examples among other things.

Kanji: . 一, . 二

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

Kanji: . 三 to . 八

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

Kanji: . 九, . 十

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 1

    このかべはどんないろですか。

    What sort of color is this wall?

    このthis
    かべwall
    はtopic
    どんなwhat kind of
    いろcolor
    ですis
    か。question
  2. 2

    そのかべはねずみいろです。

    That wall is gray.

  3. 3

    このねずみいろのかべのまえになにがありますか。

    What is there in front of this gray wall?

  4. 4

    テーブルがあります。

    There is a table.

  5. 5

    このちゃいろのテーブルのうえにどんなものがありますか。

    What sort of things is on top of this brown table?

  6. 6

    かびんやいろがみがあります。

    There are a flower vase and color papers.

NO-adjectives to express the quality or appearance of the noun that follows it.

NEZUMIIRO NO KABE a gray wall

CHAIRO NO TSUKUE a brown desk

MOMOIRO NO KAMI a pink paper

MIDORI NO KABE a green wall

MURASAKI NO HANA a purple flower

ORENJIIRO NO HANA an orange color flower

In Japanese, words used to express the five basic colors--red, blue, yellow, black, and white--are I-adjectives but the other colors are nouns.

I-adjectives | | Nouns | 
AKAI | red | MIDORI | green
AOI | blue | MURASAKI | purple
KUROI | black | CHAIRO | brown
SHIROI | white | MOMOIRO | pink
KIIROI | yellow | NEZUMIIRO | gray

Japanese nouns do not inflect but Japanese I-adjectives do. Compare the following examples:

Noun CHAIRO | I-adjective SHIROI
KORE WA CHAIRO DESU. | KORE WA SHIROI DESU.
"This is brown." | "This is white."
KORE WA CHAIRO NO HAKO DESU. | KORE WA SHIROI HAKO DESU.
"This is a brown box." | "This is a white box."
KORE WA CHAIRO DEWA ARIMASEN. | KORE WA SHIROKU WA ARIMASEN.
"This is not brown." | "This is not white."
Particle YA

The particle YA indicates that the substantives to which it is attached are in a series of substantives, not all named, and means '---and---among others' or '---,--- and others.' As in the case of the conjunctive particle TO, the particle YA is used only between substantives and not between adjectives and verbs. The particle YA, however, is not used after the last substantive named.

KAMI TO ENPITSU TO HON GA ARIMASU. "There are a sheet of paper and a pencil and a book."

KAMI YA ENPITSU GA ARIMASU. "There are a sheet of paper and a pencil among other things."
NA-adjective

The word KIREI is an abstract noun and is called the root of the NA-adjective.

One of the functions of the NA-adjectives is to modify the noun that follows them. Note that NA instead of NO is placed before the noun to be modified. The NA-adjectives inflect, but the NO-adjectives do not. The inflection of the NA-adjectives will be explained later in the course. The function of NA-adjectives is the same as that of I-adjectives, that is:

KORE WA KIREI NA HANA DESU. "This is a pretty flower."

KONO HANA WA KIREI DESU. "This flower is pretty."

KONO HANA WA KIREI DEWA ARIMASEN. "This flower is not pretty."
Pronoun NO 'one(s)'

The particle NO is often used as a pronoun to substitute for something or someone whose specific identity is known from the context. In other words, it follows a modifier and serves to nominalize it. For example:

AKAI NO 'red one'

OOKII NO 'big one'

KIREI NA NO 'pretty one'

At times the NO-adjective, like MOMOIRO NO, is used in place of MOMOIRO NO MONO or MOMOIRO NO NO. In other words, the NO-adjective has a notion of 'thing' or 'person' in itself.

Examples:

CHAIRO NO 'brown one'

MIDORI NO 'green one'

MURASAKI NO 'purple one'

The possessive pronoun WATAKUSHI NO is used as a substitute for WATAKUSHI NO MONO or WATAKUSHI NO NO. The following list shows short possessive case forms of some pronouns.

WATAKUSHI NO 'mine'

ANATA NO 'yours'

ANOKATA NO 'his (hers)'

WATAKUSHI DOMO NO 'ours'

KARE NO 'his'
AMARI or AMMARI

The word AMARI or AMMARI is an adverb of degree. Followed by negative adjectives or verbs, it expresses the meaning of 'excessively,' 'not very (much),' 'not so (much),' or 'not too (many).'

AMMARI CHIISAKU WA ARIMASEN. "It is not too small."

AMMARI KIREI DEWA ARIMASEN. "It is not too pretty."

AKAI NO WA AMARI ARIMASEN. "There aren't too many red ones."
どんな
what kind of; what sort of
いろ
color
の
See Grammar Notes
まえ
front
が
but (See Gram. Notes)
ちゃいろ
brown
かびん
flower vase
や
and---among others (See Gram. Notes)
いろがみ
color paper

Flowers and their colours · Dialogue 2 of 4

Flowers in a vase

Two speakers discuss the many flowers in a vase and name their colors.

*あかい はなや きいろい はなや ももいろの はなが あります* names red, yellow, and pink flowers among others.

The brown ones

*ちゃいろのも ありますか* means "Are there brown ones, too?" The flower is understood, so *ちゃいろの* stands for the brown ones.

*ちゃいろのは ありません* answers that there are no brown ones.

  1. 7

    かびんのなかになにがありますか。

    What is there in the vase?

  2. 8

    かびんのなかにはながたくさんあります。

    There are many flowers in the vase.

  3. 9

    どんないろのはながありますか。

    What color flowers are there?

  4. 10

    あかいはなやきいろいはなやももいろのはながあります。

    There are red flowers, yellow flowers, pink flowers and others.

  5. 11

    ちゃいろのもありますか。

    Are there brown ones, too?

  6. 12

    いいえ、ちゃいろのはありません。

    No, there are no brown ones.

はな
flower
たくさん
many
あかい
red
きいろい
yellow
ももいろ
pink

Counting flowers and buds · Dialogue 3 of 4

Pink flowers and buds

The speakers count pink flowers and buds, then identify a purple flower.

*ももいろのが いくつ ありますか* means "How many pink ones are there?" The answer counts ten pink ones.

*この むらさきのは なんの はなですか* asks what flower the purple one is. It is a chrysanthemum.

  1. 13

    ももいろのがいくつありますか。

    How many pink ones are there?

  2. 14

    ももいろのがひとつ、ふたつ、みっつ、よっつ、いつつ、むっつ、ななつ、やっつ、ここのつ、じゅう。じゅうあります。

    There are one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten--ten pink ones.

  3. 15

    つぼみもありますね。

    There are buds, too, aren't there?

  4. 16

    ええ、つぼみがみっつあります。

    Yes, there are three buds.

  5. 17

    このむらさきのはなんのはなですか。

    What flower is this purple one?

  6. 18

    それはきくのはなです。

    That is a chrysanthemum.

つぼみ
buds
ね。
isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
ええ、
Yes
きく
chrysanthemum

Judging flowers as pretty · Dialogue 4 of 4

Two judgments about flowers

The speakers describe a chrysanthemum as very pretty and identify another pretty flower as a peach blossom.

They then agree that another flower is not very pretty.

Pretty and not very pretty

In *この きれいなのは なんの はなですか*, *きれいな* describes the understood flower, and *の* stands for it.

*この はなは あまり きれいでは ありませんね* means "This flower is not too pretty, is it?" Here *あまり* accompanies the negative description.

  1. 19

    きくのはなはきれいですね。

    The chrysanthemum flower is pretty, isn't it?

  2. 20

    ええ、とてもきれいです。

    Yes, it's very pretty.

  3. 21

    このきれいなのはなんのはなですか。

    What flower is this pretty one?

  4. 22

    それはもものはなです。

    That's a peach blossom.

  5. 23

    このはなはあまりきれいではありませんね。

    This flower is not too pretty, is it?

  6. 24

    ええ、あまりきれいではありません。

    No, it's not so pretty.

とても
very, indeed
もも
peach
で
--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)

Naming colours of things · Pattern 1 1 of 2

A gray wall

*これは ねずみいろの かべです* means "This is a gray wall." The color noun *ねずみいろ* takes *の* before *かべ*.

Color nouns before nouns

*これは オレンヂいろの かみです* means "This is an orange color paper."

Red, blue, yellow, black, and white are I-adjectives. Other colors are nouns.

A color noun takes *の* before the noun it describes, as in *オレンヂいろの かみ*.

  1. 25

    これはねずみいろのかべです。

    This is a gray wall.

  2. 26

    これはちゃいろのテーブルです。

    This is a brown table.

  3. 27

    これはももいろのはなです。

    This is a pink flower.

  4. 28

    これはねずみいろのぼうしです。

    This is a gray hat.

  5. 29

    これはオレンヂいろのかみです。

    This is an orange color paper.

  6. 30

    これはみどりいろのえんぴつです。

    This is a green pencil.

  7. 31

    これはむらさきいろのはなです。

    This is a purple flower.

  8. 32

    これはももいろのはなですか。

    Is this a pink flower?

オレンヂ
orange

Asking what colour things are · Pattern 1 2 of 2

The color of the wall

*この かべは どんないろですか* asks "What sort of color is this wall?"

*そのかべは ねずみいろです* answers "That wall is gray." A color noun before *です* does not take *の*.

A negative color

*さくらのはなは オレンヂいろでは ありません* means "Cherry blossoms are not orange color."

The negative predicate uses *では ありません* without *の*. A color noun before a noun takes *の*, as in *ももいろのはな*.

  1. 33

    いいえ、それはももいろのはなではありません。

    No, that's not a pink flower.

  2. 34

    では、これはどんないろのはなですか。

    Then, what color flower is this?

  3. 35

    それはむらさきいろのはなです。

    That's a purple flower.

  4. 36

    さくらのはなはオレンヂいろですか。

    Are cherry blossoms orange color?

  5. 37

    いいえ、さくらのはなはオレンヂいろではありません。ももいろです。

    No, cherry blossoms are not orange color. They are pink.

  6. 38

    このかべはどんないろですか。

    What sort of color is this wall?

  7. 39

    そのかべはねずみいろです。

    That wall is gray.

さくら
cherry (flower)

Describing pretty and plain things · Pattern 2 1 of 2

A pretty flower

*これは きれいな はなです* means "This is a pretty flower." A NA-adjective describes a noun and takes *な* before it.

Pretty at the end

*このはなは きれいです* means "This flower is pretty." At the end, *きれい* comes before *です* without *な*.

*あのはなは きれいでは ありません* means "That flower over there is not pretty."

  1. 40

    これはきれいなはなです。

    This is a pretty flower.

  2. 41

    これはきれいなえです。

    This is a pretty picture.

  3. 42

    それはきれいなえではありません。

    That's not a pretty picture.

  4. 43

    このはなはきれいです。

    This flower is pretty.

  5. 44

    あのはなはきれいではありません。

    That flower over there is not pretty.

  6. 45

    このきくのはなはきれいですね。

    This chrysanthemum is pretty, isn't it?

Degrees of prettiness · Pattern 2 2 of 2

Very pretty

*それは とても きれいな かびんです* means "That is a very pretty flower vase."

*とても* means "very" and comes before *きれいな*.

Not so pretty

*その いろがみは あまり きれいでは ありません* means "That color paper is not so pretty."

Here *あまり* accompanies the negative form *きれいでは ありません*.

  1. 46

    ええ、とてもきれいです。

    Yes, it's very pretty.

  2. 47

    このいろがみはきれいですか。

    Is this color paper pretty?

  3. 48

    いいえ、そのいろがみはあまりきれいではありません。

    No, that color paper is not so pretty.

  4. 49

    これはきれいなかびんですね。

    This is a pretty flower vase, isn't it?

  5. 50

    ええ、それはとてもきれいなかびんです。

    Yes, that's a very pretty flower vase.

Referring to things by qualities · Pattern 3 1 of 2

Three red ones

*あかいのが 三つ あります* means "There are three red ones." The noun is understood from the context.

The particle *の* follows *あかい* and stands for the understood thing.

The understood one

*きれいなのが たなかさんの おくさんです* means "The pretty one is Mrs. Tanaka."

The particle *の* can stand for a person or thing understood from the context. The NA-adjective retains *な* before *の*.

*ももいろのが たくさん あります* means "There are many pink ones." A color noun retains its *の*.

  1. 51

    あかいのがみっつあります。

    There are three red ones.

  2. 52

    ももいろのがたくさんあります。

    There are many pink ones.

  3. 53

    きれいなのがたなかさんのおくさんです。

    The pretty one is Mrs. Tanaka.

  4. 54

    あおいのはおおきいです。

    The blue one is large.

  5. 55

    あかいのとくろいのがあります。

    There are a red one and a black one.

  6. 56

    ももいろのとむらさきのがあります。

    There are a pink one and a purple one.

  7. 57

    ちいさいのはたなかさんです。

    The small one is Mr. Tanaka.

  8. 58

    きれいなのはありません。

    There is no pretty one.

あおい
blue
と
and (See Gram. Notes)
くろい
black

Identifying things by description · Pattern 3 2 of 2

The brown one is mine

*ちゃいろのが わたくしのです* means "The brown one is mine."

The *の* in *ちゃいろの* stands for the pencil. The possessive *わたくしの* stands for "mine" without repeating the pencil.

Not many pretty ones

*きれいなのは あまり ありません* means "There are not so many pretty ones."

The NA-adjective keeps *な* before *の*, as in *きれいなの*. The understood noun is flowers.

  1. 59

    わるいのはあなたです。

    The bad one is you.

  2. 60

    かびんのなかにあかいはながありますか。

    Is there a red flower in the flower vase?

  3. 61

    いいえ、あかいのはありません。

    No, there is no red one.

  4. 62

    あかいえんぴつはあなたのですか。

    Is the red pencil yours?

  5. 63

    いいえ、ちゃいろのがわたくしのです。

    No, the brown one is mine.

  6. 64

    きれいなはながたくさんありますか。

    Are there many pretty flowers?

  7. 65

    いいえ、きれいなのはあまりありません。

    No, there are not so many pretty ones.

Listing examples among others · Pattern 4 1 of 2

Flowers among others

*あかい はなや あおい はなが あります* means "There are red flowers and blue flowers among others."

The particle *や* follows the first example and leaves other flowers unnamed.

Examples in a series

*むらさきのや ももいろのや ちゃいろのが あります* lists purple, pink, and brown ones among others.

The particle *や* joins nouns or understood things named with *の* as examples. It does not follow the last one.

  1. 66

    あかいはなやあおいはながあります。

    There are red flowers and blue flowers among others.

  2. 67

    つくえのうえにほんやえんぴつがあります。

    There are books and pencils among other things on the desk.

  3. 68

    おおきいはこやちいさいはこがあります。

    There are large boxes and small boxes among other things.

  4. 69

    たむらさんやパーカーさんはせいとです。

    Mr. Tamura and Mr. Parker among others are students.

  5. 70

    むらさきのやももいろのやちゃいろのがあります。

    There are purple ones, pink ones, brown ones among others.

  6. 71

    ももいろのやみどりのはきれいです。

    Pink ones and green ones among others are pretty.

Asking for examples present · Pattern 4 2 of 2

Red and yellow ones

*かびんの なかに どんないろの はなが ありますか* asks what color flowers are in the vase.

*あかいのや きいろいのが あります* answers that red and yellow ones are there among others.

Descriptions as examples

*あかいのや あおいのや きいろいのが あります* names red, blue, and yellow ones while leaving other pencils unnamed.

The *の* marks the understood pencils. The particle *や* marks the colors as selected examples.

  1. 72

    つくえのうえになにがありますか。

    What's there on the desk?

  2. 73

    かみやはこがあります。

    There are papers and boxes among others.

  3. 74

    かびんのなかにどんないろのはながありますか。

    What color flowers are there in the flower vase?

  4. 75

    あかいのやきいろいのがあります。

    There are red ones and yellow ones among others.

  5. 76

    はこのなかにえんぴつがたくさんありますか。

    Are there many pencils in the box?

  6. 77

    ええ、あかいのやあおいのやきいろいのがあります。

    Yes, there are red ones, blue ones, and yellow ones among others.

Describing things as not very · Pattern 5 1 of 2

Not too pretty

*この はなは あまり きれいでは ありません* means "This flower is not too pretty."

The word *あまり* comes before the negative NA-adjective predicate *きれいでは ありません*.

Not very

*たむらさんは あまり おおきくは ありません* means "Mr. Tamura is not too big."

Before a negative adjective or verb, *あまり* means "not very", "not so much", or "not too many".

  1. 78

    このはなはあまりきれいではありません。

    This flower is not too pretty.

  2. 79

    たむらさんはあまりおおきくはありません。

    Mr. Tamura is not too big.

  3. 80

    このいとはあまりながくはありません。

    This string is not too long.

  4. 81

    このほんはあまりあつくはありません。

    This book is not too thick.

  5. 82

    このいろがみはあまりきれいではありません。

    This color paper is not too pretty.

  6. 83

    このえんぴつはあまりみじかくはありません。

    This pencil is not too short.

  7. 84

    このざっしはあまりうすくはありません。

    This magazine is not too thin.

Asking if qualities apply · Pattern 5 2 of 2

Not too small

*たなかさんは ちいさいですか* asks whether Mr. Tanaka is small.

*いいえ、 あまり ちいさくは ありません* answers "No, he is not too small." The I-adjective changes to its negative form after *あまり*.

A different quality

*ももは あまり あかくは ありません* means "Peaches are not too red."

The next statement, *きいろいです*, says they are yellow.

  1. 85

    たなかさんはちいさいですか。

    Is Mr. Tanaka small?

  2. 86

    いいえ、あまりちいさくはありません。

    No, he is not too small.

  3. 87

    ももはあかいですか。

    Are peaches red?

  4. 88

    いいえ、ももはあまりあかくはありません。きいろいです。

    No, peaches are not too red. They are yellow.

  5. 89

    このきょうかしょはあついですか。

    Is this textbook thick?

  6. 90

    いいえ、あまりあつくはありません。

    No, it is not too thick.

Colours, flowers and fruit · Word list 1 of 2

Colors, flowers, and objects

These words cover colors, flowers, and related objects.

*ももいろ* means "pink", *ねずみいろ* means "gray", and *オレンヂいろ* means "orange color".

The group also includes *いろがみ*, "color paper", *かびん*, "flower vase", and *つぼみ*, "buds".

  1. 91

    ももいろ

    pink

  2. 92

    ちゃいろ

    brown

  3. 93

    ねずみいろ

    gray

  4. 94

    オレンヂいろ

    orange color

  5. 95

    むらさき(いろ)

    purple

  6. 96

    みどり(いろ)

    green

  7. 97

    いろがみ

    color paper

  8. 98

    かびん

    flower vase

  9. 99

    つぼみ

    buds

  10. 100

    もも

    peach

ねずみいろ
gray
オレンヂいろ
orange color
むらさき(いろ)
purple
みどり(いろ)
green

Flowers, quantities and descriptions · Word list 2 of 2

Flowers and descriptions

These words name flowers, quantity, degree, description, response, and selected examples.

*さくら* means "cherry", *きく* means "chrysanthemum", and *たくさん* means "many".

*とても* means "very, indeed". *あまり---ん* means "not too much", while *や* means "and, among others".

  1. 101

    さくら

    cherry (flower)

  2. 102

    きく

    chrysanthemum

  3. 103

    オレンヂ

    orange

  4. 104

    たくさん

    many

  5. 105

    とても

    very, indeed

  6. 106

    あまり---ん

    not too (much) (See Gram. Notes)

  7. 107

    きれいな

    pretty

  8. 108

    ええ

    Yes

  9. 109

    や

    and---among others (See Gram. Notes)

Homework Assignment

1. Listen to the tape and practice pronunciation.

2. Memorize the Dialogue.

3. Read the Grammar Notes.

4. Practice reading and writing of KANJI.
あまり---ん
not too (much) (See Gram. Notes)
きれいな
pretty
ええ
Yes

The particulars

The course
Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours.
Reading aloud
Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
The book
Botchan, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
Data
JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.