Japanese · Lesson 118
Lesson 120
Reading Japan
Tracking a typhoon · Dialogue 1 of 4
A typhoon warning
One man tells another that a typhoon warning has been issued. *おい、台風 警報 が 出たぜ* means "Say, a typhoon warning has come out."
They discuss when it appeared, where the typhoon may land, and its present course.
Emphasis at the end
In *おい、台風 警報 が 出たぜ*, *ぜ* stands at the end of the announcement.
Only men use *ぜ*. It adds emphasis.
Kanji: / 警 to / 告
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
Kanji: / 害, / 命, 台
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 1
おい、たいふうけいほうがでたぜ。
Say, a typhoon warning has come out.
おい、hey台風typhoon warning警報typhoon warningがsubject出come outたpastぜ。I tell you - 2
そうか。ちっともしらなかった。いつでたんだ。
Is that right? I didn’t know that at all. When did it come out?
そうthat is soか。questionちっともat all知らknowなかっnotた。pastいつwhen出come outたpastんexplanationだ。is - 3
さっきラジオでほうそうしたばかりだ。
It had just been broadcasted on the radio a little while ago.
さっきa while agoラジオradioでon放送broadcastしdoたpastばかりjustだ。is - 4
で、いつ、どこにじょうりくするんだ。
And when and where is it going to land?
で、andいつ、whenどこwhereにat上陸landingするdoんexplanationだ。is - 5
いまのところきいはんとうのとうぶをかすめて、いせわんのとうぶにじょうりくするコースをとっているとか。
I understand, as of now, it is taking a course of landing on the eastern part of Ise Bay by grazing the eastern part of Kii Peninsula.
今nowのofところpresent time紀伊Kii Peninsula半島Kii Peninsulaのof東部eastern partをobjectかすめgrazeて、and伊勢Ise Bay湾Ise Bayのof東部eastern partにin上陸landingするdoコースcourseをobjectとっtakeてandいるis takingとquoteか。reportedly - 6
じょうりくはいつごろになるんだ。
When is it going to land?
上陸landingはtopicいつごろabout whenにatなるbecomeんexplanationだ。is
--- NI KOSHITA KOTO WA NAI
Following nouns and pronouns and the basic form of verbs and i-adjectives, NI KOSHITA KOTO WA NAI expresses the meaning of ’’nothing can be better than ---,” ”nothing is so good as----,” ”the best way is to----,” or ”there is nothing like ---.”
Examples:
YATTE MIRU NI KOSHITA KOTO WA NAI. ’’There is nothing like trying.”
SORE NI KOSHITA KOTO WA NAI. ’’Nothing could be better.”
TABAKO O YAMERU NI KOSHITA KOTO WA NAI. ’’Nothing could be better than to quit smoking,”
HAYAI NI KOSHITA KOTO WA NAI. ’’The sooner, the better.”
YOOJIN NI KOSHITA KOTO WA NAI. ’’There is nothing like being careful.”ZE is a terminal particle. It is used by male only and is used to give emphasis.- おい、
- nephew
- 台風
- typhoon
- が
- but (See Gram. Notes)
- ぜ。
- terminal particle (See Cult. Notes)
- そう
- numerical counter for ships
- か。
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- ちっとも
- not even a little (See Gram. Notes)
- いつ
- when?
- だ。
- to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
- さっき
- a while ago, a short time ago
- ラジオ
- radio
- で
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- し
- city
- ばかり
- about
- に
- on (See Gram. Notes)
- の
- See Grammar Notes
- ところ
- place (See Gram. Notes)
- 半島
- peninsula
- 東部
- eastern part
- を
- particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
- 湾
- bay
- コース
- course (of study)
- いる
- to need (See Gram. Notes)
- と
- and (See Gram. Notes)
- は
- leaves
Winds, rain and storm tides · Dialogue 2 of 4
The strength of the storm
The speakers assess the approaching typhoon. *最大風速 毎びょう 三十五メートル とか* means "I understand the maximum velocity is 35 meters per second."
They connect the storm with wind and rain in Tokyo, then consider high waves and a storm tide.
Kanji: 雨
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 7
みょうちょうしちじごろとよそくしてるんだ。
It is estimated to be around seven tomorrow morning.
明朝tomorrow morning七seven時o'clock頃aroundとas予測estimateしdoてるis estimatingんexplanationだ。is - 8
それでげんざいのふうそくは。
And what is the wind velocity at present?
それthatでand soげんざいpresentのof風速wind velocityは。topic - 9
さいだいふうそくまいびょうさんじゅうごメートルとか。
I understand the maximum velocity is 35 meters per second.
最大maximum風速wind velocity毎perびょうsecond三十thirty五fiveメートルmetersとquoteか。reportedly - 10
かなりひどいね。どうりでこことうきょうもかぜがでて、あめになったんだなあ。
It’s fairly strong, isn’t it? No wonder, it got windy here in Tokyo, too, and turned into rainy weather.
かなりfairlyひどいsevereね。right?道理reasonでthereforeここhere東京Tokyoもalso風windがsubject出ariseて、and雨rainにintoなっbecomeたpastんexplanationだisなあ。indeed - 11
たいふうのはんけいさんびゃくキロというから、かんとうちほうはふられるよ。
They say that the radius of the typhoon is going to be 300 kilometers. The Kantoo area will be visited by rain.
台風typhoonのof半radiusけいradius三百three hundredキロkilometersとquoteいうsayから、because関東Kanto地方regionはtopic降らrainれるbe subjectedよ。I tell you - 12
たかなみやたかしおのしんぱいはないんかね。
Isn’t there any fear of high waves and an extra high tide?
高high wavesなみhigh wavesやand高潮storm tideのof心配fearはtopicないnot existんexplanationかquestionね。right?
- 七
- seven
- 時
- time
- 頃
- approximate point of time (See Gram. Notes)
- てる
- to shine (v.i.)
- 風速
- wind velocity
- は。
- leaves
- 最大
- the largest (See Gram. Notes)
- びょう
- a second
- 三十
- 30
- 五
- five
- メートル
- meter
- かなり
- fairly
- ね。
- isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
- 道理
- reason; logic
- ここ
- here
- も
- as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes
- 風
- manner; way; appear-ance; kind; sort
- 雨
- rain
- 三百
- 300
- キロ
- kilometer
- から、
- from (See Gram. Notes)
- 関東
- Tokyo-Yokohama area (See Cult Notes)
- 地方
- country, region
- れる
- to be able to -- (See Grammar Notes)
- なみ
- wave
- や
- and---among others (See Gram. Notes)
- 高潮
- extra high tide caused by wind
Warnings and flood danger · Dialogue 3 of 4
Across central Japan
The forecast sends the typhoon from Ise Bay across central Japan to the Sea of Japan.
*ぼう風雨 で、水害 の おそれが あるな* warns of flood damage from the storm.
The speakers also discuss warnings and danger west of Izu.
Kanji: 低
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 13
いまのところとうきょうわんではないが、いずいせいはおおいにある。
There is none in Tokyo Bay as of now, but there is a great deal of fear in regions westward of Izu.
今nowのofところpresent time東京Tokyo Bay湾Tokyo Bayでinはtopicないnoneが、but伊豆Izu以西west ofはtopic大いにgreatlyある。exists - 14
きしょうちょうではけいこくをだしているんだろうなあ。
I presume the Meteorological Agency has issued a warning, hasn’t it?
気象Meteorological Agency庁Meteorological Agencyでatはtopic警告warningをobject出しissueてandいるhas issuedんexplanationだろうprobablyなあ。indeed - 15
もちろんさ。
Of course.
もちろんof courseさ。indeed - 16
じゃ、いせわんえんがんのひとびとはしんぱいだろうなあ。
Then, I suppose the people around the coast of Ise Bay must be very worried?
じゃ、then伊勢Ise Bay湾Ise Bay沿岸coastのof人々peopleはtopic心配worriedだろうprobablyなあ。indeed - 17
うん、いまのところ、ていきあつがちゅうぶちほうでにほんをおうだんしているから、たいふうじゅうさんごうはいせわんから、にほんかいにぬけるだろうと、よそくされている。
Yes, they are. At present it is estimated that since low pressure is cutting across Japan at the central region, typhoon No. 13 will probably go through Ise Bay and come out to the Sea of Japan.
うん、yes今nowのofところ、present time低low pressure気low pressureあつlow pressureがsubject中部central region地方central regionでat日本Japanをobjectおうだんcut acrossしis cutting acrossてis cutting acrossいるis cutting acrossから、because台風typhoon No. 13十typhoon No. 13三typhoon No. 13号typhoon No. 13はtopic伊勢Ise Bay湾Ise Bayから、from日本Sea of Japan海Sea of Japanにtoぬけるpass throughだろうprobablyと、quote予測is estimatedさis estimatedれis estimatedてis estimatedいる。is estimated - 18
ぼうふううで、すいがいのおそれがあるな。
Because of the rain storxn, there is a fear of flood damage, isn’t there?
ぼうrainstorm風雨rainstormで、because of水害flood damageのofおそれfearがsubjectあるexistsな。right?
- が、
- but (See Gram. Notes)
- 伊豆
- P. N.
- 以西
- westward of; west of
- 大いに
- greatly
- ある。
- certain, some
- 警告
- warning
- もちろん
- of course, to be sure
- 人々
- people
- うん、
- Yes, all right.
- 十
- ten
- 三
- three
- 海
- sea, ocean
- ぬける
- go through; pass (v.i.)
- と、
- and (See Gram. Notes)
- 水害
- flood damage
- な。
- I wish, I hope, huh
Evacuation and disaster precautions · Dialogue 4 of 4
Orders and precautions
Some places have received evacuation orders. The area has also suffered severe damage many times.
The speakers agree that weather forecasts help people avoid disaster.
*大いにある。あるところでは、すでに ひなん 命令 が 出たとか* reports that some places have received an evacuation order.
The best choice
*大事 を とるに こした事 は ないからなあ* means "because nothing is better than being cautious."
The expression *に こした事 は ない* presents caution as the best choice in this line.
Kanji: 当
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 19
おおいにある。あるところでは、すでにひなんめいれいがでたとか。
There is a great deal of fear. I understand that in some places an evacuation order has already been issued.
大いにgreatlyある。existsあるsomeところplacesでinは、topicすでにalreadyひなんevacuation order命令evacuation orderがsubject出be issuedたpastとquoteか。reportedly - 20
うん、そうだろう。だいじをとるにこしたことはないからなあ。
Yes, I suppose so, because nothing is better than being cautious.
うん、yesそうthat is soだろう。probably大事cautionをobjectとるtakeにthanこしsurpassたpast事thingはtopicないnoneからbecauseなあ。indeed - 21
いままでなんども、ひどいそんがいをうけているんだから。
Because they received severe damages many times before.
今nowまでuntil何many度timesも、alsoひどいsevereそんdamage害damageをobjectうけreceiveてhave receivedいるhave receivedんexplanationだisから。because - 22
そうよ。それにてんきよほうはなんをさけるためのものだからなあ、だいじをとるのがあたりまえさ。
That’s right. Furthermore, we have weather forecasts for the purpose of avoiding disasters, so it is natural to be cautious.
そうthat is soよ。I tell youそれthatにbesides天気weather forecast予報weather forecastはtopic難disasterをobjectさけるavoidためpurposeのofものthingだisからbecauseなあ、indeed大事cautionをobjectとるtakeのactがsubject当り前naturalさ。indeed
- は、
- leaves
- すでに
- already
- ひなん
- evacuation
- とる
- to take (v.t.)
- から
- from (See Gram. Notes)
- まで
- as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)
- も、
- as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes
- だ
- to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
- 天気
- weather
- 難
- loss; hardship; disaster
- さける
- avoid; keep away from
- もの
- things (tangible)
Saying nothing is better · Perception drill
Caution as the best choice
*大事 を とる に こした事は ない* means "Nothing is better than being cautious."
The ending presents caution as the best available choice.
What can come before it
*に こした事は ない* follows a noun, a pronoun, or the basic form of a verb or I-adjective.
It means "nothing is better than," "the best way is to," or "there is nothing like."
*まあ、やって見るに こした事は ないね* means "Well, there is nothing like trying."
- 23
だいじをとるにこしたことはない。
Nothing is better than being cautious.
大事cautionをobjectとるtakeにthanこしsurpassたpast事thingはtopicない。none - 24
かぜをひいたときにはどうするのがいちばんいいかね。
What is the best thing to do when you catch a cold?
かぜcoldをobject引いcatchたpast時timeにatはtopicどうwhatするdoのoneがsubject一番bestいいgoodかquestionね。right? - 25
くすりをのんではやくとこにはいるにこしたことはないね。
Nothing is better than taking medicine and going to bed early.
薬medicineをobject飲んdrinkでand早くearlyとこbedにintoはいるenterにthanこしsurpassたpast事thingはtopicないnoneね。right? - 26
ぼくはたばこをやめようとおもっているんだがね。
I am planning to quit smoking, but ---
僕Iはtopicたばこcigarettesをobjectやめようplan to quitとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいるam thinkingんexplanationだisがbutね。you know - 27
そうか。それにこしたことはないよ。たばこはからだにわるいそうだからな。
Is that right? Nothing could be better, because cigarettes are bad for one’s health.
そうthat is soか。questionそれthatにthanこしsurpassたpast事thingはtopicないnoneよ。I tell youたばこcigarettesはtopic体healthにfor悪いbadそうreportedlyだisからbecauseな。indeed - 28
ぼくはしょうばいをやってみようとおもっているんだが、きみ、どうおもうかね。
I am thinking of going into business, but what do you think?
僕Iはtopic商売businessをobjectやっtry doingてtry doing見ようtry doingとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいるam thinkingんexplanationだisが、but君、youどうhow思うthinkかquestionね。right? - 29
まあ、やってみるにこしたことはないね。
Well, there is nothing like trying.
まあ、wellやっtry doingてtry doing見るtry doingにthanこしsurpassたpast事thingはtopicないnoneね。right? - 30
きょうはねつがあるから、しごとをやすみます。
I’ll rest from my work today because I have a fever.
今日todayはtopicねつfeverがsubjectあるhaveから、because仕事workをobject休みrestます。polite - 31
ええ、そうしなさい。ようじんにこしたことはありませんからね。
Yes, do that, because there is nothing like being careful.
ええ、yesそうthatしdoなさい。please用心cautionにthanこしsurpassたpast事thingはtopicありthere is notませthere is notんthere is notからbecauseね。you know - 32
びょうきのときにはさけはのまないほうがいいですか。
Is it better not to drink when you are sick?
病気sickのof時timeにatはtopic酒alcoholはtopic飲まdrinkないnot方wayがsubjectいいbetterですisか。question - 33
のまないのにこしたことはありませんが、すこしぐらいなら、さしつかえありません。
The best thing is not to drink, but it’s all right if it is just a little.
飲まdrinkないnotのoneにthanこしsurpassたpast事thingはtopicありthere is notませthere is notんthere is notが、but少しa littleぐらいaboutなら、ifさしつかえproblemありthere is notませthere is notん。there is not
- かぜ
- wind
- 一番
- number one (See Grammar Notes)
- いい
- good (See Gram. Notes)
- か
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- とこ
- bed
- はいる
- to enter, to go in
- 僕
- I (see notes)
- たばこ
- tobacco, cigarette
- 体
- body, health
- 君、
- suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)
- 思う
- to think
- まあ、
- Well! Oh, my!
- 今日
- today
- ねつ
- fever
- ある
- certain, some
- ます。
- trout
- ええ、
- Yes
- 酒
- Sake, rice wine
- です
- to be (See Gram. Notes)
- 少し
- little (quantity)
- ぐらい
- about
- なら、
- if it is (See Gram. Notes)
- さしつかえ
- hindrance, engagement
Recommending the best action · Pattern 1 1 of 2
The best action
*早く ねる に こした事 は ない* means "It is best to go to bed early."
The same ending recommends sleeping, studying, saving money, resting, or not smoking as the best action.
A choice or a quality
*それに こした事は ない* means "There is nothing better than that." Here, *それ* stands for the choice under discussion.
*早いに こした事はない* means "The sooner, the better." An I-adjective can name the preferred quality.
- 34
はやくねるにこしたことはない。
It is best to go to bed early.
早くearlyねるsleepにthanこしsurpassたpast事thingはtopicない。none - 35
はちじかんぐらいねるにこしたことはない。
It is best to get about eight hours of sleep.
八eight時間hoursぐらいaboutねるsleepにthanこしsurpassたpast事thingはtopicない。none - 36
まいばんさんじかんずつべんきょうするにこしたことはない。
It is best to study for three hours every night.
毎晩every night三three時間hoursずつeach勉強studyするdoにthanこしsurpassたpast事thingはtopicない。none - 37
まいつきちょきんするにこしたことはない。
It is best to save money every month.
毎月every month貯金save moneyするdoにthanこしsurpassたpast事thingはtopicない。none - 38
たばこはすわないにこしたことはない。
It is best not to smoke.
たばこcigarettesはtopicすわsmokeないnotにthanこしsurpassたpast事thingはtopicない。none - 39
じゅっぷんやすむにこしたことはない。
It is best to rest for ten minutes.
じゅうten分minutes休むrestにthanこしsurpassたpast事thingはtopicない。none - 40
それにこしたことはない。
There is nothing better than that.
それthatにthanこしsurpassたpast事thingはtopicない。none - 41
はやいにこしたことはない。
The sooner, the better.
早いearlyにforこしbetter thanたpast事thingはtopicない。not - 42
おおいにこしたことはない。
The more, the better.
多いmoreにforこしbetter thanたpast事thingはtopicない。not - 43
なんじかんぐらいべんきょうしたらいいのですか。
About how many hours should I study?
何how many hours時間how many hoursぐらいabout勉強studyしdoたらifいいgoodのexplanationですisか。question
- ねる
- to sleep
- 八
- eight
- 時間
- hour, time
- ずつ
- each (See Gram. Notes)
- 分
- minute
Weighing ideal actions · Pattern 1 2 of 2
The ideal and the alternative
*三時間ぐらい 勉強するに こした事は ないが、出来なければ 二時間でも いい* states the ideal, then accepts two hours if three are impossible.
It means "It is best to study for about three hours, but if you cannot, even two hours will do."
Best does not mean possible
*行くに こした事は ないのですが、遠いから 行けません* says that going is best but impossible because of the distance.
The speaker chooses a telegram instead. The expression identifies the ideal without claiming that circumstances allow it.
- 44
さんじかんぐらいべんきょうするにこしたことはないが、できなければにじかんでもいい。
It is best to study for about three hours, but if you cannot, even two hours will do.
三three hours時間three hoursぐらいabout勉強studyするdoにforこしbetter thanたpast事thingはtopicないnotが、but出来canなけれnotばif二two hours時間two hoursでwithもevenいい。fine - 45
たなかさんのおとうさんがなくなられたそうですが、おそうしきにいかれますか。
I hear that Mr. Tanaka's father has passed away; are you going to the funeral?
田中TanakaさんMr.のsおfather父fatherさんfatherがsubjectなくならpassed awayれpassed awayたpassed awayそうI hearですisが、butおそうfuneral式funeralにto行かare goingれare goingますare goingか。question - 46
いくにこしたことはないのですが、とおいからいけません。でんぽうをうっておこうとおもっています。
It would be best to go, but I cannot because it is far away, so I am thinking of sending a telegram.
行くgoにforこしbetter thanたpast事thingはtopicないnotのexplanationですisが、but遠いfarからbecause行けcannot goませcannot goん。cannot go電報telegramをobjectうっsendてsendおこうsendとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 47
このしゅくだいはあしたのあさまでに、みなすませなければいけませんか。
Do we have to finish all of this homework by tomorrow morning?
このthisしゅくhomeworkだhomeworkいhomeworkはtopic明日tomorrowのs朝morningまでuntilに、by皆allすまfinishせfinishなけれunlessばifいけhave toませhave toんhave toか。question - 48
みなすませるにこしたことはないが、できなければ、しかたがない。
It would be best to finish it all, but if you cannot, it cannot be helped.
皆allすまfinishせるfinishにforこしbetter thanたpast事thingはtopicないnotが、but出来canなけれnotば、if仕方wayがsubjectない。none - 49
わたくしはたなかさんをむかえにひこうじょうにいってきます。
I am going to the airport to meet Mr. Tanaka.
私Iはtopic田中TanakaさんMr.をobjectむかえmeetにto飛行airport場airportにto行っam goingてam going来am goingます。am going - 50
ええ、そうするにこしたことはありませんよ。
Yes, that is the best thing to do.
ええ、yesそうthatするdoにforこしbetter thanたpast事thingはtopicありexistsませnot, politeんnot, politeよ。I tell you - 51
ねつがなかなかさがらないから、いしゃにみてもらいます。
My fever will not go down, so I am going to have a doctor examine me.
ねつfeverがsubject中々stillさがらwill not fallないwill not fallから、because医者doctorにby見examineてhave examinedもらいhave examinedます。have examined - 52
ええ、そうしなさいよ。ようじんにこしたことはありませんからね。
Yes, do that; you cannot be too careful.
ええ、yesそうthatしdoなさいplease doよ。I tell you用心cautionにforこしbetter thanたpast事thingはtopicありexistsませnot, politeんnot, politeからbecauseね。right?
- 二
- two
- いい。
- good (See Gram. Notes)
- 父
- father
- ます
- trout
- 遠い
- far
- 電報
- telegram
- い
- stomach
- 明日
- tomorrow
- 朝
- morning
- せ
- height (of man)
- いけ
- pond, dam, reservoir
- 中々
- considerably, very
- 医者
- medical doctor
Typhoon warnings and evacuation questions · Questions 1 of 2
Warnings and evacuation
The questions ask when typhoons arrive, which regions suffer damage, and what authorities do when danger develops.
*水害 の おそれのある所では、どうされますか* means "What is done in places where there is a danger of flooding?"
An answer names the evacuation orders issued in places at risk.
- 53
まいねんくがつごろになると、みなみたいへいようのほうからおとずれるたいふうがにほんにじょうりくするのです。いちばんひどいそんがいをうけるのはいせわんえんがんからいずはんとうにかけてのちほうです。ときどきとうきょうわんほうめんもたかなみやたかしおのためにそんがいをうけることがあります。たいふうがよそくされると、きしょうちょうではラジオをとおして、たいふうけいほうをだします。またすいがいのおそれのあるところでは、ひなんめいれいがだされます。なんをさけるためにはだいじをとるのにこしたことはありません。
Every year around September, typhoons coming from the South Pacific make landfall in Japan. The area that suffers the worst damage is the region from the coast of Ise Bay to the Izu Peninsula. The Tokyo Bay area also sometimes suffers damage from high waves and storm tides. When a typhoon is forecast, the Meteorological Agency issues a typhoon warning over the radio. Evacuation orders are also issued in places where there is a danger of flooding. To avoid disaster, it is best to take every precaution.
毎年every year九September月Septemberごろaroundにatなるbecomesと、when南South Pacific太平South Pacific洋South Pacificのs方directionからfromおとずれるcoming台風typhoonsがsubject日本Japanにin上陸make landfallするdoのexplanationです。is一番mostひどいsevereそんdamage害damageをobjectうけるsuffersのoneはtopic伊勢Ise Bay湾Ise Bay沿岸coastからfrom伊豆Izu Peninsula半島Izu Peninsulaにtoかけextendingてextendingのof地方regionです。is時々sometimes東京Tokyo Bay湾Tokyo Bay方面areaもalso高high wavesなみhigh wavesやand高潮storm tidesのofためbecauseにofそんdamage害damageをobjectうけるsuffers事timesがsubjectありexistます。polite台風typhoonがsubject予測forecastさis forecastれるis forecastと、when気象Meteorological Agency庁Meteorological Agencyでatはtopicラジオradioをobject通しthroughて、through台風typhoon warning警報typhoon warningをobject出しissuesます。polite又also水害floodingのofおそれdangerのofあるexists所placesでatは、topicひなんevacuation命令evacuation orderがevacuation order出さare issuedれare issuedます。are issued難disasterをobjectさけるavoidためin orderにtoはtopic大事every precautionをobjectとるtakeのoneにforこしbetter thanたpast事thingはtopicありexistsませnot, politeん。not, polite - 54
このまえのたいふうはまいびょうさんじゅうごメートルのふうそくできいはんとうのとうぶをかすめて、いせわんのとうぶにじょうりくし、にほんをおうだんしてにほんかいにぬけてでたのです。それで、いせわんえんがんはたかなみやたかしおのためにひどいそんがいをうけたのです。
The last typhoon grazed the eastern part of the Kii Peninsula with winds of thirty-five meters per second, made landfall on the eastern side of Ise Bay, crossed Japan, and passed out into the Sea of Japan. As a result, the coast of Ise Bay suffered severe damage from high waves and storm tides.
このthis前previousのof台風typhoonはtopic毎per secondびょうper second三十thirty-five五thirty-fiveメートルmetersのof風速wind speedでat紀伊Kii Peninsula半島Kii Peninsulaのs東部east sideをobjectかすめgrazedて、grazed伊勢Ise Bay湾Ise Bayのs東部east sideにin上陸made landfallし、did日本Japanをobjectおうだんcrossしdoてcross日本Sea of Japan海Sea of Japanにintoぬけpassed outてpassed out出passed outたpastのexplanationです。isそれas a resultで、as a result伊勢Ise Bay湾Ise Bay沿岸coastはtopic高high wavesなみhigh wavesやand高潮storm tidesのofためbecauseにofひどいsevereそんdamage害damageをobjectうけsufferedたpastのexplanationです。is - 55
まいねんなんがつごろたいふうがにほんをおとずれますか。
Around what month do typhoons come to Japan each year?
毎年every year何what month月what monthごろaround台風typhoonsがsubject日本Japanをobjectおとずれcomeますpoliteか。question - 56
いちばんひどいそんがいをうけるのはどのちほうですか。
Which region suffers the worst damage?
一番mostひどいsevereそんdamage害damageをobjectうけるsuffersのoneはtopicどのwhich地方regionですisか。question - 57
ときどきとうきょうわんほうめんでもそんがいをうけますか。
Does the Tokyo Bay area also sometimes suffer damage?
時々sometimes東京Tokyo Bay湾Tokyo Bay方面areaでatもalsoそんdamage害damageをobjectうけsufferますpoliteか。question - 58
たいふうがよそくされると、きしょうちょうではどうしますか。
What does the Meteorological Agency do when a typhoon is forecast?
台風typhoonがsubject予測forecastさis forecastれるis forecastと、when気象Meteorological Agency庁Meteorological Agencyでatはtopicどうwhatしdoますpoliteか。question - 59
すいがいのおそれのあるところでは、どうされますか。
What is done in places where there is a danger of flooding?
水害floodingのofおそれdangerのofあるexists所placesでatは、topicどうwhatさis doneれis doneますis doneか。question
- 毎年
- every year (See Grammar Notes)
- 九
- nine
- 月
- moon, month (See Grammar Notes)
- 南
- south
- です。
- to be (See Gram. Notes)
- うける
- to receive (intangible things) (v.t.)
- 時々
- sometimes, occasionally
- 所
- address, place
- 前
- before, front
- し、
- city
- どの
- which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)
Typhoon path and damage questions · Questions 2 of 2
Precautions, path, and damage
The questions ask for the best precaution, then trace the last typhoon's speed, path, and damage.
*難をさけるためには、どうするのに こした事はありませんか* means "What is the best thing to do to avoid disaster?"
An answer gives an action, measurement, place, or cause requested by each question.
- 60
なんをさけるためには、どうするのにこしたことはありませんか。
What is the best thing to do to avoid disaster?
難disasterをobjectさけるavoidためin orderにtoは、topicどうwhatするdoのoneにforこしbetter thanたpast事thingはtopicありexistsませnot, politeんnot, politeか。question - 61
このまえのたいふうはまいびょうなんメートルぐらいのふうそくでしたか。
About how many meters per second was the wind speed of the last typhoon?
このthis前previousのof台風typhoonはtopic毎per secondびょうper second何how many metersメートルhow many metersぐらいaboutのof風速wind speedでしwasたpastか。question - 62
それはどこをかすめましたか。
Where did it graze?
それthatはtopicどこwhereをobjectかすめgrazeましdid, politeたpastか。question - 63
それはどこにじょうりくしましたか。
Where did it make landfall?
それthatはtopicどこwhereにat上陸make landfallしdoましdid, politeたpastか。question - 64
それからどこへぬけてでましたか。
Then where did it pass out to?
それthenからthenどこwhereへtowardぬけpassed outてpassed out出passed outましdid, politeたpastか。question - 65
いせわんえんがんはなんのためにひどいそんがいをうけましたか。
What caused the coast of Ise Bay to suffer severe damage?
伊勢Ise Bay湾Ise Bay沿岸coastはtopic何whatのofためbecauseにofひどいsevereそんdamage害damageをobjectうけsufferましdid, politeたpastか。question
- へ
- to (See Gram. Notes)
Typhoon forecast words · Word list 1 of 3
Forecasting a typhoon
These words cover a forecast and the movement of a typhoon. *台風警報* means "typhoon warning," and *コース* means "course."
*風速* means "wind velocity." The set also includes *ぜ*, the emphatic sentence ending used by men.
- 66
ぜ
terminal particle (See Cult. Notes)
ぜemphasis - 67
たいふう
typhoon
台風typhoon - 68
たいふうけいほう
typhoon warning
台風警報typhoon warning - 69
ほうそう(する)
broadcasting (broadcast)(v.t.)
放送(する)broadcast - 70
じょうりく(する)
land; disembark (v.i.)
上陸(する)make landfall - 71
きいはんとう
Kii Peninsula
紀伊半島Kii Peninsula - 72
とうぶ
eastern part
東部eastern part - 73
かすめる
graze; skim (v.t.)
かすめるgraze - 74
コース
course
コースcourse - 75
よそく(する)
estimate; forecast (v.t.)
予測(する)forecast - 76
ふうそく
wind velocity
風速wind speed
- ぜ
- terminal particle (See Cult. Notes)
- 台風警報
- typhoon warning
- 放送(する)
- broadcasting (broadcast)(v.t.)
- 上陸(する)
- land; disembark (v.i.)
- 紀伊半島
- Kii Peninsula
- かすめる
- graze; skim (v.t.)
- 予測(する)
- estimate; forecast (v.t.)
Weather warning words · Word list 2 of 3
Weather hazards and warnings
These words cover dangerous weather and the agency that reports it. *高なみ* means "high wave," and *高潮* means "extra high tide caused by wind."
*気象庁* means "the Meteorological Agency." The remaining words describe warnings, low pressure, storms, regions, and movement.
- 77
はんけい
radius
半けいradius - 78
たかなみ
high wave
高なみhigh wave - 79
たかしお
extra high tide caused by wind
高潮storm tide - 80
いず
P. N.
伊豆Izu - 81
いせい
westward of; west of
以西west of - 82
おおいに
greatly
大いにgreatly - 83
きしょうちょう
the Meteorological Agency
気象庁Meteorological Agency - 84
けいこく
warning
警告warning - 85
ていきあつ
low pressure (atmosphere)
低気あつlow pressure - 86
ぬける
go through; pass (v.i.)
ぬけるpass through - 87
ぼうふうう
storm; gale; typhoon
ぼう風雨storm
- 半けい
- radius
- 高なみ
- high wave
- 気象庁
- the Meteorological Agency
- 低気あつ
- low pressure (atmosphere)
- ぼう風雨
- storm; gale; typhoon
Evacuation and precaution words · Word list 3 of 3
Evacuation and caution
These words cover evacuation and actions that reduce danger. *ひなん命令* means "evacuation order," and *大事 を とる* means "be cautious."
*---に こした事は ない* means "nothing is better than to ----." It presents the preceding choice as best.
- 88
すいがい
flood damage
水害flood damage - 89
ひなんめいれい
evacuation order
ひなん命令evacuation order - 90
ひなん
evacuation
ひなんevacuation - 91
だいじをとる
be cautious; be prudent
大事をとるbe cautious - 92
---にこしたことはない。
nothing is better than to ---- (See Gramm. Notes)
---にこした事はない。nothing is better - 93
てんきよほう
weather forecast
天気予報weather forecast - 94
なん
loss; hardship; disaster
難hardship - 95
さける
avoid; keep away from
さけるavoid - 96
びょう
a second
びょうa second
Guide for Free Conversation
1 Topic Titles:
a Converse with your friend about the following topics.
(1) A typhoon in Japan,
(2) A hurricane in the U. S.Homework
1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary,
2 Study the Grammar Perception Drill,
3 Study the pattern Practice and do the exercise following each pattern,
4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.
5 Study the Explanatory Notes,
6 Study the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given.- ひなん命令
- evacuation order
- 大事をとる
- be cautious; be prudent
- ---にこした事はない。
- nothing is better than to ---- (See Gramm. Notes)
- 天気予報
- weather forecast
The particulars
- The course
- Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours.
- Reading aloud
- Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
- The book
- Botchan, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents