Japanese · Lesson 65
Lesson 65
Kanji and everyday Japanese
Asking for an introduction · Dialogue 1 of 6
A request for an introduction
*あの方は どなたですか* means "Who is he?" The answer identifies the man as Mr. Miller.
The speaker then asks for an introduction, and the other speaker agrees.
A respectful word for a person
In *あの方は どなたですか*, *方* is a respectful word for a person.
Here *あの方* refers respectfully to the man being discussed.
Kanji: 存
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 1
あのかたはどなたですか。
Who is he?
あのthat方personはtopicどなたwhoですisか。question - 2
ミラーさんです。
He is Mr. Miller.
ミラーMillerさんMr.です。is - 3
よくごぞんじでしたら、しょうかいしていただけませんか。
If you know him well, I wonder if you can introduce me to him.
よくwell御honorable存じknowでしisたら、ifしょうかいintroduceしdoてandいただけcan receiveませpoliteんnotか。question - 4
よろしゅうございますとも。
Why, certainly.
よろしゅうcertainly御honorableざbeいbeますpoliteとcertainlyも。certainly - 5
ミラーさん、ちょっと。
Mr. Miller, may I see you just a moment?
ミラーMillerさん、Mr.ちょっと。a moment - 6
なにか------。
Do you want something?
何somethingか------。something
---TE YOKATTA (TO OMOU)
Following the TE-form of verbs, both in the affirmative and negative, and i-adjectives YOKATTA TO OMOU expresses an idea of "I am glad I did such-and-such", or "I am glad it was such-and-such".
Examples:
HAYAKU KITE YOKATTA TO OMOIMASU. "I am glad I came early."
NIHONGO O NARATTE YOKATTA TO OMOIMASU. "I am glad I learned Japanese."
KYOO WA SUZUSHIKUTE YOKATTA TO OMOIMASU. "I am glad it was cool today."
HAYAKU ISHA NI KAKATTE YOKATTA TO OMOTTE IMASU. "I am glad I consulted the doctor early."
Note: TO OMOU can be omitted to express same idea.2 MONO DESU KA "emphatic negative"
Following the basic form of verbs, MONO DESU KA expresses a strong negative. Variations of MONO DESU KA are MON DESU KA, MONO KA. Actually, MONO DESU KA is an interrogative expression and you are asking yourself a question and answering it with an emphatic negative. "Does he do such-and-such? Definitely not."
Examples:
ANO HITO NI WAKARU MONO DESU KA. "He certainly would not understand it."
KYOO AME GA FURU MONO DESU KA. "Do you think it will rain today? It certainly will not rain today."
ANO HITO GA KURU MON DESU KA. "He certainly would not come."--- MONO DESU YO. "You should do---."
Following the basic form of verbs, MONO DESU YO is used in an obligatory sense when addressing to the second person and is best translated as "you should do ---", "you had better do ---", or "you ought to do ---." Compare N DESU NE introduced in Lesson 52 which gives similar meanings.
Examples:
MOTTO BENKYOO SURU MONO DESU YO. "You should study more."
HAYAKU NERU MONO DESU YO. "You had better go to sleep early."
TOKIDOKI ASOBU MONO DESU YO. "You should enjoy yourself once in a while."Notes on:
MONO "because"
The particle MONO occurs as a more familiar, informal equivalent of KARA "because", in sentences where the emphasis is on the reason or justification for an action which is contrary to expectation. It occurs more commonly, though not exclusively, in the speech of women.
Examples:
ARE O KAITAKATTA KEDO, YAMETA NO YO. --TAKAIN DESU MONO. "I wanted to buy it but I gave up the idea---because it’s expensive."
ICHIJIKAN MO ARUKU NO NARA, IKANAI WA. --TSUKARERU MONO "If it’s a matter of walking for all of an hour, I am not going --- because I’ll get tired."
KONNA EIGA WA TSUMARANAI MONO, MOO DEYOO YO. "This kind of movie is boring, so let’s leave now."
IRASSHAI
There are a group of honorific verbs in Japanese. These are KUDASARU, OSSHARU, IRASSHARU, NASARU, and the familiar imperative forms of these verbs are KUDASAI, "please give"; OSSHAI, "please say it"; IRASSHAI, "please come", "please go"; and NASAI, "please do" respectively.Sentence Particle WA
The sentence particle WA occurs as a sentence final, or pre-final before YO, NEE and NE in the speech for women. It regularly follows non-past and past inflected words in the informal style, plain and polite. It is a particle which indicates friendliness and assertiveness--in a gentle way--and some familiarity. Whereas SOO DA is abrupt and masculine, SOO DA WA is friendly and feminine.
Informal patterns consisting of an informal non-past or past directly followed by YO, NEE, and NE are more typical of men’s speech. If sentence particle WA is inserted before YO, NEE, and NE in such sequences, they become typical of women’s speech.
| Men’s Speech | Women’s Speech
"I understand" | WAKARU YO | WAKARU WA YO
"I understood" | WAKATTA YO | WAKATTA WA YO
"Isn’t it expensive! | TAKAI NEE | TAKAI WA NEE
"That’s right, isn’t it?" | SOO DA NE? | SOO DESU WA NE?
"It was terrible, wasn’t it?" | TAIHEN DATTA NE? | TAIHEN DATTA WA NE?KOTO.
The nominalizer KOTO occurs as a sentence final in the speech for women to express "wonder". It regularly follows DESU and at times the basic form of i-adjectives in honorific form.
Examples:
KIREI DESU KOTO. "My, how pretty."
OJOOZU DESU KOTO. "My, how good!"
OHAYAI KOTO. "My, how fast!"Omission of case particles.
GA, WA, and O are frequently omitted, particularly in short sentences. The result is a slightly less formal alternant.
Examples:
WATAKUSHI SOO OMOIMASU WA. "I think so."
WA has been omitted after WATAKUSHI.
KOMBAN NANI SURU? "What are you going to do tonight?"
O has been omitted after NANI
ANATA DOKO E IKUN DESU KA. "Where are you going?"
WA has been omitted after ANATA.KATA.
Besides KONO KATA, SONO KATA, ANO KATA, KATA is sometimes used with proper nouns and common nouns.
Examples:
OTOKO NO KATA "man"
ONNA NO KATA "woman"
NIHON NO KATA "Japanese"
AMERIKA NO KATA "American"
TAISHIKAN NO KATA "a person from embassy"- は
- leaves
- です
- to be (See Gram. Notes)
- か。
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- よく
- well, skillfully
- し
- city
- ます
- trout
- と
- and (See Gram. Notes)
- ちょっと。
- a little
Formal introductions and workplaces · Dialogue 2 of 6
Formal greetings at a first meeting
A friend introduces Mr. Minami, and the two men exchange formal greetings.
*初めて お目に かかります* means "I am glad to make an acquaintance with you." It is a humble greeting.
What one man has heard
*ミラーさんの 事は 西村さんから うけたまわっておりました* means "I have heard about you from Mr. Nishimura, Mr. Miller."
He then says that he understands Mr. Miller works at an embassy.
Kanji: 初
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 7
ゆうじんのみなみさんをごしょうかいいたしましょう。
May I introduce my friend, Mr. Minami.
友人friendの's南MinamiさんMr.をobject御honorableしょうかいintroductionいたしdoましょう。shall - 8
それはそれは。
Thank you very much.
それthatはtopicそれthatは。topic - 9
はじめておめにかかります。
I am glad to make an acquaintance with you.
初めてfor first timeおhonorable目meetにtoかかりmeetます。polite - 10
はじめまして。どうぞよろしく。
Pleased to meet you. I hope you will honor me with your friendship.
初めまして。pleased to meet youどうぞpleaseよろしく。treat me kindly - 11
こちらこそ。
Indeed, I am the one who should say that.
こちらIこそ。indeed - 12
ミラーさんのことはにしむらさんからうけたまわっておりました。たいしかんでおつとめだそうですね。
I have heard about you from Mr. Nishimura, Mr. Miller. I understand you are working at an embassy, isn’t that right?
ミラーMillerさんMr.の's事matterはtopic西村NishimuraさんMr.からfromうけたまわっheardてandおりhave beenましpoliteた。past大使embassy館embassyでatおhonorableつとめworkだisそうI understandですisね。right?
- 友人
- friend
- の
- See Grammar Notes
- 南
- south
- を
- particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
- ましょう。
- let's (See Gram. Notes)
- に
- on (See Gram. Notes)
- ます。
- trout
- こちら
- this, here (See Gram. Notes)
- こそ。
- indeed, certainly (See Grammar Notes)
- から
- from (See Gram. Notes)
- 大使
- ambassador
- で
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- だ
- to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
- そう
- numerical counter for ships
- ね。
- isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
First visits and changed plans · Dialogue 3 of 6
A changed plan
Mr. Miller describes a plan to go to England that changed suddenly and brought him to Japan.
*でも 日本へ 来て よかったと 思っております* means "I am glad I came to Japan, though."
Gladness about what happened
In *来て よかったと 思っております*, listen for *来て よかった* after the action that happened.
The full expression states his gladness about coming to Japan.
Kanji: 座
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 13
はあ、くがつにこちらにまいったばかりで、まだみなさまにおめにかかっておりません。
Yes, I have just come over here in September and I haven’t had the honor of meeting everyone.
はあ、yes九September月Septemberにinこちらhereにto参っcameたpastばかりjustで、andまだyet皆everyone様everyoneにtoおhonorable目meetにtoかかっmeetてandおりhaveませpoliteん。not - 14
それはなかなかおいそがしいことでございましょう。で、にほんははじめてでございますか。
You must indeed be very busy. And, is this your first visit to Japan?
それthatはtopic中々veryおhonorableいそがしいbusyことsituationでis御honorableざいbeましょう。probablyで、and日本Japanはtopic初めてfirst visitでis御honorableざbeいbeますpoliteか。question - 15
はあ、こんどもはじめはえいこくへいくようになっておりましたのが、きゅうにかわりまして、こちらへまいることになったのです。でもにほんへきてよかったとおもっております。
Yes, and this time I was supposed to go to England at first; but it has been changed suddenly and it so turned out that I came over here. I am glad I came to Japan, though.
はあ、yes今度this timeもalso始めat firstはtopic英国Englandへtoward行くgoようsupposedにtoなっbecameてandおりhad beenましpoliteたpastのfactが、but急suddenにsuddenly変りchangedましpoliteて、andこちらhereへtoward参るcomeことfactにtoなっbecameたpastのfactです。isでbutもbut日本Japanへtoward来cameてandよかっgladたpastとquote思っthinkてandおりhave beenます。polite - 16
さようでございますか。わたくしはぎんざのまつざかやにおります。こんごともよろしくおねがいいたします。
Is that right? I am with the Matsuzakaya store in Ginza. I hope you will honor me with your friendship hereafter.
左様soでis御honorableざbeいbeますpoliteか。question私Iはtopic銀座Ginzaの's松坂Matsuzakaya屋Matsuzakayaにatおりworkます。polite今後from now onともfrom now onよろしくtreat me kindlyおhonorable願いrequestいたしdoます。polite - 17
「しょうかい」(に)おんな
Introduction" (2) Female
「しょうかい」Introduction(二)two女Female - 18
みなみのおくさん、ミラーふじんをごぞんじですか。
Mrs. Minami, do you know Mrs. Miller?
南Minamiの's奥wifeさん、wifeミラーMiller夫人Mrs.をobject御honorable存じknowですisか。question
- 九
- nine
- 月
- moon, month (See Grammar Notes)
- ばかり
- about
- で、
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- まだ
- yet, still
- 中々
- considerably, very
- いそがしい
- busy
- 今度
- this time, next time
- 英国
- England
- へ
- to (See Gram. Notes)
- が、
- but (See Gram. Notes)
- です。
- to be (See Gram. Notes)
- (二)
- two
- 女
- female
Introducing two women · Dialogue 4 of 6
Gentle assertion at the end
One woman brings Mrs. Minami to meet Mrs. Miller. *御しょうかい いたしますわ* means "I'll introduce you to her."
The final *わ* adds friendly, gentle assertion in women's speech.
Wonder at the end
*まあー、 日本語が お上手ですこと* means "My, how fluent you are in Japanese!"
Women use sentence-final *こと* after *です* to express wonder.
- 19
いいえ、まだおめにかかりません。
No, I haven’t met her yet.
いいえ、noまだyetおhonorable目meetにtoかかりmeetませpoliteん。not - 20
では、いっしょにこちらへいらっしゃい。ごしょうかいいたしますわ。
Then, please come over here with me. I’ll introduce you to her.
でthenは、then一緒togetherにwithこちらhereへtowardいらっしゃい。please come御honorableしょうかいintroductionいたしdoますpoliteわ。I assure you - 21
おねがいいたします。
Please.
おhonorable願いrequestいたしdoます。polite - 22
ミラーさん、ゆうじんのみなみさんをごしょうかいいたします。
Mrs. Miller, I’d like to introduce my friend, Mrs. Minami.
ミラーMillerさん、Mrs.友人friendの's南MinamiさんMrs.をobject御honorableしょうかいintroductionいたしdoます。polite - 23
おめにかかれてうれしくぞんじます。
I am glad I am able to meet you.
おhonorable目meetにtoかかれcan meetてandうれしくglad存じthinkます。polite - 24
こちらこそ。まあー、にほんごがおじょうずですこと。
Indeed, it’s I (who is glad to meet you.) My, how fluent you are in Japanese!
こちらIこそ。indeedまあー、my日本Japanese語Japaneseがsubjectおhonorable上手fluentですisこと。how!
- は、
- leaves
- いらっしゃい。
- please come; please go (See Cult. notes)
- わ。
- counter for birds (See Gram. Notes)
- まあー、
- Well! I should say
- が
- but (See Gram. Notes)
- 上手
- skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)
Praising language ability · Dialogue 5 of 6
Praise and a modest answer
The women praise each other's language ability and answer the praise modestly.
*ほんの 少ししか 出来ませんので* means "because I know only a little."
A particle left out
*私、 そう 思いますわ* means "I really think so." The particle *は* is omitted after *私*.
The particles *が*, *は*, and *を* are often omitted in short sentences. This makes the sentence slightly less formal.
- 25
いいえ、おはずかしいことです。ほんのすこししかできませんので。
No, it’s embarrassing, because I only know just a little.
いいえ、noおhonorableはずかしいembarrassing事matterです。isほんのonly少しa littleしかonly出来can doませpoliteんnotのbecauseで。because - 26
いいえ、どういたしまして。
Not at all.
いいえ、not at allどうnot at allいたしnot at allましnot at allて。not at all - 27
ミラーさんはほんとににほんごがおじょうずですこと。
My, how fluent you are in Japanese, Mrs. Miller!
ミラーMillerさんMrs.はtopicほんとreallyにreally日本Japanese語Japaneseがsubjectおhonorable上手fluentですisこと。how! - 28
わたくしたちもえいごはならったんですけど。
We, too, learned English, but ----
私weたちweもalso英語Englishはtopic習っlearnedたpastんfactですisけど。but - 29
でも、にほんのかたはみなえいごがおじょうずですわ。わたくし、そうおもいますわ。
But the Japanese people are all good in English. I really think so.
でbutも、but日本Japanの's方peopleはtopic皆all英語Englishがsubjectおhonorable上手fluentですisわ。I assure you私、Iそうso思いthinkますpoliteわ。I assure you - 30
えいごをならったことはならったんですけどねえ。かいわはちっとも------。
We learned English all right, but we cannot converse at all.
英語Englishをobject習っlearnedたpastことfactはtopic習っlearnedたpastんfactですisけどbutねえ。you know会話conversationはtopicちっとも------。not at all
- はずかしい
- embarrassing; feel awkard, feel ashamed.
- ほんの
- trivial, just slight, little
- 少し
- little (quantity)
- で。
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- けど。
- abbrev. of KERE DOMO, however
- ねえ。
- dear, look; say, listen
- ちっとも------。
- not even a little (See Gram. Notes)
Learning languages by listening · Dialogue 6 of 6
Why they cannot converse
*英語の 会話など 出来るものですか* rejects the idea that they can converse in English.
*本で 習ったんですもの* gives learning from a book as the reason. Final *もの* gives an informal reason or justification.
What someone should do
A teacher said *もっと 勉強する ものですよ*, which means "You should study more."
*ものですよ* after the basic form of a verb tells the person addressed what they should do.
Kanji: 欲, 遊
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 31
えいごのかいわなどできるものですか。ほんでならったんですもの。
We certainly cannot converse in English, because we learned by book, you see.
英語Englishの's会話conversationなどsuch as出来るcanものpossibleですisか。question本booksでby習っlearnedたpastんfactですisもの。because - 32
がいこくごはみみからならわなくてははなせませんわ。
You cannot talk foreign languages unless you learn them through ears.
外国foreign語languageはtopic耳earsからfrom習わlearnなくnotてandはtopic話せcan speakませpoliteんnotわ。I assure you - 33
さようでございましょうね。がっこうにいたころ、せんせいに「もっとべんきょうするものですよ」としかられたものです。でも、そのころはよくがなかったのですから、あそぶほうがよかったのですよ。
I suppose so. While we were still going to school, our teacher used to scold us saying, "You should study more." But during those days, we had no desire, so we rather played.
左様soでis御honorableざいbeましょうprobablyね。right?学校schoolにat居wasたpastころ、when先生teacherにby「もっとmore勉強studyするdoものshouldですisよ」I tell youとquoteしからscoldedれscoldedたscoldedものused toです。isでbutも、butそのthoseころdaysはtopic欲desireがsubjectなかっhad noneたpastのfactですisから、because遊ぶplay方choiceがsubjectよかっbetterたpastのfactですisよ。I tell you - 34
おたがいさまですわ。
So am I. (The feeling is mutual).
おhonorableたがいmutual様sameですisわ。I assure you
- など
- and so forth, etc.
- 出来る
- to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)
- もの
- things (tangible)
- 本
- numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)
- ましょう
- let's (See Gram. Notes)
- 「もっと
- more (See Gram. Notes)
- 欲
- desire, wish (n)
Gladness about past choices · Perception drill, Block 1
Gladness after an action
*早く 来てよかったと 思っています* means "I am glad I came early." The TE-form *来て* is followed by *よかった*.
A verb's affirmative or negative TE-form followed by *よかった* expresses gladness about the action or its result.
The thought may be stated
*早く 医者に かかって よかったのです* means "I am glad I consulted my doctor early."
*と 思っています* may follow *よかった* to state the thought. It may also be omitted without changing the idea of gladness.
- 35
はやくきてよかったとおもっています。
I am glad I came early.
早くearly来cameてandよかっgladたpastとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 36
こんばんははやくきてよかったね。
I am glad we came early tonight, don’t you think?
今晩はtonight早くearly来cameてandよかっgladたpastね。right? - 37
そうですよ。もうすこしおそかったら、こしかけるところがなかったかもしれませんよ。
I certainly am. If we had come a little later, we might not have been able to find a place to sit.
そうsoですisよ。I tell youもうanother少しlittleおそかっlateたら、ifこしかけるsitところplaceがsubjectなかっwas noneたpastかmightもmight知れknowませpoliteんnotよ。I tell you - 38
あめがよくふりだしましたね。
It certainly has started to rain hard, hasn’t it?
雨rainがsubjectよくhard降りstarted raining出しstarted rainingましpoliteたpastね。right? - 39
ええ、わたくしもレーンコートをもってきてよかったとおもっています。
Yes. I, too, am glad that I brought a raincoat.
ええ、yes私Iもalsoレーンコートraincoatをobject持っbroughtてbrought来broughtてbroughtよかっgladたpastとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 40
きょうはいいてんきになってよかったですね。
I am glad it became nice weather today, aren’t you?
今日todayはtopicいいnice天気weatherにintoなっbecameてandよかっgladたpastですisね。right? - 41
ええ、ほんとに。けさのてんきでは、きょうはあめがふるとおもっていたが、いいてんきになりましたね。
Yes, I sure am. According to the weather this morning, I thought it would rain today, but it surely turned out to be nice weather.
ええ、yesほんとreallyに。reallyけさthis morningのof天気weatherでaccording toは、topic今日todayはtopic雨rainがsubject降るrainとquote思っthoughtてthoughtいthoughtたthoughtが、butいいnice天気weatherにintoなりbecameましbecameたbecameね。right? - 42
はやくびょうきがよくなってよかったですね。
I am glad you got over your illness so quickly.
早くquickly病気illnessがsubjectよくwellなっgot betterてgot betterよかっam gladたam gladですisね。right? - 43
ええ、はやくいしゃにかかってよかったのです。もうすこしまっていたら、このびょうきはなおらなかったかもしれないのです。
Yes, I am glad I consulted my doctor early. If I had waited a little longer, I might not have recovered from this illness.
ええ、yes早くearly医者doctorにtoかかっconsultedてconsultedよかっam gladたam gladのexplanationです。isもうlonger少しa little待っwaitedてwaitedいwaitedたら、if waitedこのthis病気illnessはtopicなおらrecoverなかっnotたpastかperhapsもperhaps知れmightないnotのexplanationです。is - 44
あなたはさくばんのにほんえいがをみにいきましたか。
Did you go to see the Japanese movie last night?
あなたyouはtopic昨晩last nightのof日本Japanese映画movieをobject見seeにto行きwentましwentたwentか。question - 45
ええ、いきました。はじめはいかないつもりでしたが、いってよかったとおもっています。とてもいいえいがでしたよ。
Yes, I did. At first I had no intention of going, but I was glad I went. It was a very nice movie.
ええ、yes行きwentましwentた。went始めat firstはtopic行かgoないnotつもりintentionでしwasたwasが、but行っwentてwentよかっwas gladたwas gladとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinkingとてもveryいいnice映画movieでしwasたwasよ。I tell you
- もう
- already (See Gram. Notes)
- ところ
- place (See Gram. Notes)
- か
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- 雨
- rain
- ええ、
- Yes
- 今日
- today
- いい
- good (See Gram. Notes)
- 天気
- weather
- 降る
- to fall (rain) (v.i.)
- 医者
- medical doctor
- 映画
- movie
- とても
- very, indeed
Emphatic disbelief with reasons · Perception drill, Block 2
A question with a strong negative answer
*読めるものですか* means "Absolutely not." The speaker asks whether reading is possible and answers with a strong negative.
*ものですか* follows the basic form of a verb. *もんですか* has the same emphatic negative meaning.
The reason supports the rejection
*あの人が やめるもんですか* means "He certainly would not quit."
*ただ そう 言う だけですよ* then gives the reason: "He only says so."
- 46
あのひとにそれがわかるものですか(もんですか)。
He would not understand it.
あのthat人personにtoそれitがsubjectわかるunderstandものreallyですisかquestion(もんreallyですisか)。question - 47
あなたはにほんごのしんぶんがよめますか。
Can you read a Japanese newspaper?
あなたyouはtopic日本Japanese語Japaneseのof新聞newspaperがobject読めcan readますpoliteか。question - 48
よめるものですか。いちねんしかにほんごをべんきょうしていないんですから。
Absolutely not, since I only studied Japanese for one year.
読めるcan readものreallyですisか。question一one年yearしかonly日本Japanese語Japaneseをobject勉強studyしhave not studiedてhave not studiedいhave not studiedないhave not studiedんexplanationですisから。because - 49
パーカーさんはさかなをたべるでしょうか。
Do you suppose Mr. Parker eats fish?
パーカーParkerさんMr.はtopicさかなfishをobject食べるeatsでしょうprobablyか。question - 50
たべるものですか。さかなはきらいだから。
He would not eat it, since he doesn’t like fish.
食べるeatものreallyですisか。questionさかなfishはtopicきらいdislikesだisから。because - 51
スミスさんはもうにほんについたでしょうか。
Do you suppose Mr. Smith arrived in Japan already?
スミスSmithさんMr.はtopicもうalready日本Japanにin着いarrivedたarrivedでしょうprobablyか。question - 52
つくものですか。サンフランシスコをでてまだはちじかんしかたたないんですから。
Definitely not, since it has been only 8 hours since he left San Francisco.
着くarriveものreallyですisか。questionサンフランシスコSan Franciscoをfrom出leftてleftまだonly八eight時間hoursしかonlyたたelapsedないnotんexplanationですisから。because - 53
このしごとがよじまでにすませますか。
Can you complete this work by 4 o’clock?
このthis仕事workがobject四four時o’clockまでbyにbyすまcompleteせcanますpoliteか。question - 54
すませるものですか、まだこれだけのこっているんですから。
I certainly cannot, since this much work is still left to be done.
すまfinishせるcanものreallyですisか、questionまだstillこれthisだけmuchのofこっremainsてremainsいるremainsんexplanationですisから。because - 55
たなかさんはたばこをやめるといっていましたが、ほんとにやめるのでしょうか。
Mr. Tanaka was saying that he will quit smoking, but do you think he really will quit?
田中TanakaさんMr.はtopicたばこsmokingをobjectやめるquitとquote言っwas sayingてwas sayingいwas sayingましwas sayingたwas sayingが、butほんとreallyにreallyやめるquitのexplanationでしょうprobablyか。question - 56
あのひとがやめるもんですか。ただそういうだけですよ。
He certainly would not quit. He only says so.
あのthat人personがsubjectやめるquitもんreallyですisか。questionただonlyそうso言うsaysだけonlyですisよ。I tell you
- 人
- people
- 一
- one
- 年
- year (See Grammar Notes)
- から。
- from (See Gram. Notes)
- さかな
- fish
- でしょう
- probably (See Gram. Notes)
- きらい
- dislike (See Gram. Notes)
- サンフランシスコ
- San Francisco
- 八
- eight
- 時間
- hour, time
- 四
- four
- 時
- time
- まで
- as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)
- だけ
- only, just (See Grammar Notes)
- いる
- to need (See Gram. Notes)
- たばこ
- tobacco, cigarette
- やめる
- to quit
- ただ
- merely
- 言う
- to say
Gladness about helpful actions · Pattern 1 1 of 3
Gladness about a helpful action
*あなたに 手つだって もらって よかったと 思っています* means "I am glad you helped me."
The *て よかった* pattern states that the help was a welcome past action.
Gladness about a changed condition
*晴れて よかったですね* means "I am glad it cleared up."
The same pattern covers a condition that changed favorably, as well as an action someone took.
- 57
さくばんべんきょうしてよかったとおもっています。
I am glad I studied last night.
昨晩last night勉強studyしstudiedてstudiedよかっam gladたam gladとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 58
あなたにてつだってもらってよかったとおもっています。
I am glad you helped me.
あなたyouにfrom手つだっhelpedてhelpedもらっreceived helpてreceived helpよかっam gladたam gladとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 59
はやくいしゃにかかってよかったとおもいます。
I think it was good that I saw a doctor early.
早くearly医者doctorにtoかかっconsultedてconsultedよかっwas goodたwas goodとquote思いthinkます。polite - 60
かんじをならっておいてよかったとおもいます。
I am glad I learned the kanji beforehand.
かん字kanjiをobject習っlearned beforehandてlearned beforehandおいlearned beforehandてlearned beforehandよかっam gladたam gladとquote思いthinkます。polite - 61
きょうレーンコートをもってきてよかったとおもっています。
I am glad I brought a raincoat today.
今日todayレーンコートraincoatをobject持っbroughtてbrought来broughtてbroughtよかっam gladたam gladとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 62
こんばんはやくかえってよかったね。
It was good that you came home early tonight, wasn’t it?
今晩tonight早くearly帰っcame homeてcame homeよかっwas goodたwas goodね。right? - 63
きょうはあめかもしれないとおもったが、はれてよかったですね。
I thought it might rain today, but I am glad it cleared up.
今日todayはtopic雨rainかperhapsもperhaps知れmightないnotとquote思っthoughtたthoughtが、but晴れcleared upてcleared upよかっam gladたam gladですisね。right?
- おい
- nephew
Gladness about favorable results · Pattern 1 2 of 3
Gladness that something did not happen
*今日は 雨が 降らなくて よかったですね* means "It is good that it did not rain today."
The negative TE-form *降らなくて* places the avoided outcome before *よかった*.
Gladness about a quality
*今日の 試験は やさしくて よかったですね* means "It is good that today's test was easy."
An I-adjective changes its final *い* to *くて* before *よかった*.
- 64
わたくしはちょきんしておいてよかったとおもっています。
I am glad I saved some money.
私Iはtopicちょsaved money金saved moneyしsaved beforehandてsaved beforehandおいsaved beforehandてsaved beforehandよかっam gladたam gladとquote思っam thinkingてam thinkingいam thinkingます。am thinking - 65
きょうはあめがふらなくてよかったですね。
It is good that it did not rain today, isn’t it?
今日todayはtopic雨rainがsubject降らdid not rainなくdid not rainてdid not rainよかっis goodたis goodですisね。right? - 66
きょうはあつくなくてよかったですね。
It is good that it is not hot today, isn’t it?
今日todayはtopicあつくnot hotなくnot hotてnot hotよかっis goodたis goodですisね。right? - 67
きょうのしけんはやさしくてよかったですね。
It is good that today’s test was easy, isn’t it?
今日todayのof試験testはtopicやさしくeasyてeasyよかっis goodたis goodですisね。right? - 68
あなたはにほんごをべんきょうしてよかったとおもいませんか。
Don’t you think it was good that you studied Japanese?
あなたyouはtopic日本Japanese語Japaneseをobject勉強studyしstudiedてstudiedよかっwas goodたwas goodとquote思いthinkませnotんnotか。question - 69
ええ、ほんとにそうおもいますよ。いまのわたくしのしごとにはにほんごがひじょうにたいせつなんです。
Yes, I really do think so. Japanese is extremely important in my present job.
ええ、yesほんとreallyにreallyそうso思いthinkますpoliteよ。I tell you今presentのof私myのof仕事jobにinはtopic日本Japanese語Japaneseがsubjectひじょうextremelyにextremely大切importantなisんexplanationです。is - 70
たなかさん、このあいだはいいものをありがとうございました。かないはとてもきにいったらしいです。
Mr. Tanaka, thank you for the nice gift the other day. My wife seems to have liked it very much.
田中Tanakaさん、Mr.このthe other day間the other dayはtopicいいnice物giftをobjectありがとうthank you御thank youざthank youいthank youましthank youた。thank you家内my wifeはtopicとてもvery気liked itにliked it入っliked itたliked itらしいseemsです。is
Relief about uncertain outcomes · Pattern 1 3 of 3
Relief after worry
*気に 入って よかったですね* means "I am glad she liked it." The speaker had worried whether she would like the gift.
Here *て よかった* expresses relief after an uncertain result became clear.
Relief about a less serious result
*あまり 悪くなくて よかったですね* means "I am glad it was not too serious."
The negative form before *よかった* expresses relief that the illness was not too serious.
- 71
きにいってよかったですね。じつは、きにいるかどうか、ちょっとしんぱいしていたんです。
I am glad she liked it. To tell the truth, I was a little worried about whether she would like it.
気liked itにliked it入っliked itてliked itよかっam gladたam gladですisね。right?実the truthは、topic気like itにlike it入るlike itかwhetherどうhowか、whetherちょっとa little心配worriedしwas worriedてwas worriedいwas worriedたwas worriedんexplanationです。is - 72
おくさんがごびょうきでにゅういんされたそうですが、あまりわるくなくてよかったですね。
I hear your wife was hospitalized because she was ill, but I am glad it was not too serious.
奥wifeさんwifeがsubject御illness病気illnessでbecause of入院was hospitalizedさwas hospitalizedれwas hospitalizedたwas hospitalizedそうI hearですisが、butあまりtoo悪くseriousなくnotてnotよかっam gladたam gladですisね。right? - 73
ええ、おかげさまで。にさんにちあとでいえへかえれるそうです。
Yes, thank you. They say she will be able to come home in two or three days.
ええ、yesおかげthanks to youさまthanks to youで。thanks to you二三two or three日daysあとlaterでin家homeへtoward帰れるcan return homeそうI hearです。is - 74
はやくいっけんかりることができてよかったですね。
It is good that you were able to rent a house so quickly.
早くquickly一oneけんhouseかりるrentことfactがsubject出来couldてcouldよかっis goodたis goodですisね。right? - 75
ええ、なかなかよいいえがありませんでしたので、ちょっとこまっていましたが、---
Yes, there were hardly any good houses, so I was having a little trouble, but—
ええ、yes中々hardlyよいgood家housesがsubjectありthere were notませthere were notんthere were notでしthere were notたthere were notのbecauseで、becauseちょっとa little困っhad troubleてhad troubleいhad troubleましhad troubleたhad troubleが、---but - 76
けさくもっていたのであめかもしれないとおもっておりましたが、はれてよかったですね。
It was cloudy this morning, so I thought it might rain, but I am glad it cleared up.
けさthis morning曇っwas cloudyてwas cloudyいwas cloudyたwas cloudyのbecauseでbecause雨rainかperhapsもperhaps知れmightないnotとquote思っthoughtてthoughtおりthoughtましthoughtたthoughtが、but晴れcleared upてcleared upよかっam gladたam gladですisね。right? - 77
ほんとに。あめがふったらこまるんでしたが---。
Indeed. It would have been a problem if it had rained, but—
ほんとindeedに。indeed雨rainがsubject降っhad rainedたらif困るwould be troubleんexplanationでしwasたwasが---。but
- ちょっと
- a little
- 家
- house, home
- 帰れる
- to be able to go home
- けん
- numerical counter for houses (See Gram. Notes)
- かりる
- to borrow, rent
- よい
- good (See Gram. Notes)
Rhetorical doubts about possibility · Pattern 2 1 of 3
A question that means no
*あの人が そんな事を 言うものですか* means "Do you really think that person would say such a thing?"
The *ものですか* question supplies its own emphatic negative answer.
The contracted form
*こんなに 沢山 食べられるもんですか* means "Do you really think I can eat this much?"
*もんですか* is the contracted form of *ものですか* and carries the same strong rejection.
- 78
あのひとにこのにほんごがわかるものですか(もんですか)。
Do you really think that person can understand this Japanese?
あのthat人personにtoこのthis日本Japanese語Japaneseがobjectわかるunderstandものreallyですisかquestion(もんreallyですisか)。question - 79
あのひとがそんなことをいうものですか。
Do you really think that person would say such a thing?
あのthat人personがsubjectそんなsuch事thingをobject言うsayものreallyですisか。question - 80
にがつにさくらのはながさくものですか。
Do cherry blossoms really bloom in February?
二February月Februaryにinさくらcherryのof花blossomsがsubjectさくbloomものreallyですisか。question - 81
あのひとがそんなことをしっているものですか。
Do you really think that person knows such a thing?
あのthat人personがsubjectそんなsuch事thingをobject知っknowsてknowsいるknowsものreallyですisか。question - 82
あのせいとがしけんにとおるものですか。
Do you really think that student will pass the examination?
あのthat生徒studentがsubject試験examにto通るpassものreallyですisか。question - 83
あのびょうきがそんなにはやくなおるものですか。
Can that illness really be cured so quickly?
あのthat病気illnessがsubjectそんなsoにso早くquicklyなおるbe curedものreallyですisか。question - 84
こんなにたくさんたべられるもんですか。
Do you really think I can eat this much?
こんなthisにthis沢山much食べcan eatられるcan eatもんreallyですisか。question
- 二
- two
- さくら
- cherry (flower)
- さく
- to bloom (v.i.)
- 通る
- to pass
- なおる
- to get well, to be repaired
Rejecting unlikely possibilities · Pattern 2 2 of 3
An unlikely ability
*田中さんに こんな仕事が 出来るもんですか* means "Do you really think Mr. Tanaka can do this kind of work?"
The contracted *もんですか* strongly rejects the stated ability.
An unlikely time estimate
*二時間で 行けるものですか* rejects a two-hour travel estimate.
*百二十五マイルも あるのですよ* supplies the reason for rejecting that estimate.
- 85
たなかさんにこんなしごとができるもんですか。
Do you really think Mr. Tanaka can do this kind of work?
田中TanakaさんMr.にbyこんなthis kind of仕事workがobject出来るcan doもんreallyですisか。question - 86
こんなものをあのひとにみせられるもんですか。
Do you really think I can show something like this to that person?
こんなthis kind of物thingをobjectあのthat人personにto見せcan showられるcan showもんreallyですisか。question - 87
やまもとさんがさけをやめるもんですか。
Do you really think Mr. Yamamoto will give up drinking?
山本YamamotoさんMr.がsubjectさけdrinkingをobjectやめるquitもんreallyですisか。question - 88
スミスさんのいえへあるいていけるもんですか。
Do you really think we can walk to Mr. Smith’s house?
スミスSmithさんMr.の’s家houseへtoward歩いwalkてwalk行けるcan goもんreallyですisか。question - 89
モンテレーからサンフランシスコへにじかんでいけるでしょうか。
Can we get from Monterey to San Francisco in two hours?
モンテレーMontereyからfromサンフランシスコSan Franciscoへtoward二two時間hoursでin行けるcan getでしょうprobablyか。question - 90
にじかんでいけるものですか。ひゃくにじゅうごマイルもあるのですよ。
Can we really get there in two hours? It is as much as 125 miles.
二two時間hoursでin行けるcan get thereものreallyですisか。question百one hundred二十twenty五fiveマイルmilesもas many asあるthere areのexplanationですisよ。I tell you - 91
ここからニューヨークまでこうくうびんでふつかぐらいかかりますか。
Does airmail take about two days from here to New York?
ここhereからfromニューヨークNew Yorkまでtoこうくうairmailびんairmailでby二two days日two daysぐらいaboutかかりtakeますpoliteか。question
- モンテレー
- Monterey
- 百
- 100
- 二十
- 20
- 五
- five
- マイル
- mile
- ある
- certain, some
- ここ
- here
- ニューヨーク
- New York
- ぐらい
- about
Rejecting predictions and expectations · Pattern 2 3 of 3
Evidence against a prediction
*読めるものですか* means "Do you really think he can read it?"
*かん字が あまり 多すぎますよ* gives the contrary evidence: "There are far too many kanji."
A later return
*そんなに 早く 帰るもんですか* means "Do you really think he will be back so soon?"
The expected return at the end of next week contradicts the earlier prediction.
- 92
そんなにかかるものですか。いちにちでいきますよ。
Does it really take that long? It gets there in one day.
そんなthatにmuchかかるtakeものreallyですisか。question一日one dayでin行きget thereますpoliteよ。I tell you - 93
パーカーさんにこれがよめるでしょうか。
Do you think Mr. Parker can read this?
パーカーMr. ParkerさんMr. Parkerにtoこれthisがsubject読めるcan readでしょうprobablyか。question - 94
よめるものですか。かんじがあまりおおすぎますよ。
Do you really think he can read it? There are far too many kanji.
読めるcan readものreallyですisか。questionかん字kanjiがsubjectあまりfar too多too manyすぎtoo manyますpoliteよ。I tell you - 95
あしたごろこのあめがやむでしょうか。
Do you think this rain will stop by about tomorrow?
明日tomorrowごろaroundこのthis雨rainがsubjectやむstopでしょうprobablyか。question - 96
やむものですか。ラジオによるともういっしゅうかんぐらいふるそうですから。
Do you really think it will stop? According to the radio, it is supposed to rain for about another week.
やむstopものreallyですisか。questionラジオradioにaccording toよるaccording toとaccording toもうanother一one week週間one weekぐらいabout降るrainそうsupposed toですisから。because - 97
たなかさんはあしたごろかえってくるんでしょう。
Mr. Tanaka will be back around tomorrow, won’t he?
田中Mr. TanakaさんMr. Tanakaはtopic明日tomorrowごろaround帰っcome backてcome back来るcome backんexplanationでしょう。probably, right? - 98
そんなにはやくかえるもんですか。らいしゅうのおわりごろかえるはずです。
Do you really think he will be back so soon? He is supposed to return around the end of next week.
そんなthatにsoon早くsoon帰るcome backもんreallyですisか。question来週next weekの's終りごろaround the end帰るreturnはずsupposed toです。is
- かかる
- to consult, to contract, to be attacked by
- 一日
- first day of the month (See Grammar Notes)
- すぎ
- past, after
- 明日
- tomorrow
- ラジオ
- radio
- 来週
- next week
Greetings, work and first visits · Reading Selection 1 of 3
An introduction and formal greetings
*ミラーさんは南さんにしょうかいされました* means "Mr. Miller was introduced to Mr. Minami."
The men exchange *初めてお目にかかります* and *どうぞ、よろしく*, then talk about various things.
Work and a first visit
*南さんは銀座の松坂屋につとめておられます* says that Mr. Minami works at the Matsuzakaya department store in Ginza.
The passage also says that this is Mr. Miller's first time in Japan.
- 99
ミラーさんはみなみさんにしょうかいされました。
Mr. Miller was introduced to Mr. Minami.
ミラーMr. MillerさんMr. Millerはtopic南Mr. MinamiさんMr. Minamiにtoしょうかいwas introducedさwas introducedれwas introducedましwas introducedた。was introduced - 100
ふたりは「はじめておめにかかります。
The two said, “How do you do?
二人the twoはtopic「初めてfirst timeおhonorific目meet youにtoかかりmeet youます。polite - 101
どうぞ、よろしく。
Pleased to meet you.”
どうぞ、pleaseよろしく。pleased to meet you - 102
」とあいさつして、そのあとでいろいろとはなしあいました。
After exchanging greetings, they talked about various things.
」closing quoteとquoteあいさつgreetしdoて、andそのthatあとafterでat色々various thingsとabout話し合いtalk togetherましtalkedた。past - 103
みなみさんはぎんざのまつざかやにつとめておられます。
Mr. Minami works at the Matsuzakaya department store in Ginza.
南Mr. MinamiさんMr. Minamiはtopic銀座Ginzaの's松坂Matsuzakaya store屋Matsuzakaya storeにatつとめworkてworkおらworkれworkます。polite - 104
ミラーさんはにほんはこんどがはじめてです。
This is Mr. Miller’s first time in Japan.
ミラーMr. MillerさんMr. Millerはtopic日本Japanはas for今度this timeがsubject初めてfirst timeです。is
- 二人
- 2 people
Introductions and language ability · Reading Selection 2 of 3
England changed to Japan
*今度も始めは英国へ行くようになっていたのが急に日本へ来るようになったのだそうです* says the original plan changed from England to Japan.
Mr. Miller now works at the American Embassy.
An introduction between two women
Mrs. Minami asks Mrs. Nishimura to introduce her to Mrs. Miller.
*ミラー夫人が日本語が上手なので、南夫人もおどろいておられました* says Mrs. Minami was surprised by Mrs. Miller's skill in Japanese.
- 105
こんどもはじめはえいこくへいくようになっていたのがきゅうににほんへくるようになったのだそうです。
It seems that he was originally supposed to go to England this time, but the plans suddenly changed and he came to Japan.
今度this timeもalso始めoriginallyはtopic英国Englandへtoward行くgoようsupposed toにtoなっwas arrangedてwas arrangedいwas arrangedたpastのfactがbut急suddenlyにsuddenly日本Japanへtoward来るcomeようended upにended upなっended upたpastのfactだisそうapparentlyです。is - 106
そしていまべいこくたいしかんにつとめておられます。
He now works at the American Embassy.
そしてand今now米国American大使embassy館embassyにatつとめworkてworkおらworkれworkます。polite - 107
みなみふじんはまだミラーふじんにおめにかかったことがないので、にしむらふじんにたのんで、ミラーふじんにしょうかいして
Mrs. Minami had not yet met Mrs. Miller, so she asked Mrs. Nishimura to introduce her to Mrs. Miller,
南Mrs. Minami夫人Mrs. MinamiはtopicまだyetミラーMrs. Miller夫人Mrs. Millerにwithおhonorific目meetにtoかかっmetたpast事experienceがsubjectないnot haveのfactで、because西村Mrs. Nishimura夫人Mrs. Nishimuraにtoたのんaskedで、andミラーMrs. Miller夫人Mrs. Millerにtoしょうかいintroduceしdoてand - 108
もらいました。
and Mrs. Nishimura did so.
もらいhad it doneましhad it doneた。had it done - 109
ミラーふじんがにほんごがじょうずなので、みなみふじんもおどろいておられました。
Mrs. Minami was surprised that Mrs. Miller spoke Japanese so well.
ミラーMrs. Miller夫人Mrs. Millerがsubject日本Japanese語Japaneseがsubject上手fluentなbeingのfactで、because南Mrs. Minami夫人Mrs. Minamiもalsoおどろいwas surprisedてwas surprisedおらwas surprisedれwas surprisedましwas surprisedた。was surprised - 110
みなみふじんはミラーふじんがにほんごをはなされるぐらいじょうずにえいごをはなしたいといっておられました。
Mrs. Minami said that she wanted to speak English as well as Mrs. Miller spoke Japanese.
南Mrs. Minami夫人Mrs. MinamiはtopicミラーMrs. Miller夫人Mrs. Millerがsubject日本Japanese語Japaneseをobject話さspeaksれるspeaksぐらいas well as上手skillfullyにin英語Englishをobject話しspeakたいwant toとquote言っsaidてsaidおらsaidれsaidましsaidた。said
- れる
- to be able to -- (See Grammar Notes)
Learning conversation through listening · Reading Selection 3 of 3
Conversation through listening
*外国語は耳から習わなければ話すのは上手になれません* says that speaking improves only when a foreign language is learned through listening.
The passage contrasts listening with learning only through reading and writing.
A teacher's advice
Mrs. Minami recalls a teacher who scolded her with *もっと勉強するものですよ*.
In this line, *勉強するものですよ* means "You should study more."
- 111
みなみふじんはえいごをならったことはならったのですが、かいわのほうはあまりできないのです。
Mrs. Minami did study English, but she cannot converse in it very well.
南Mrs. Minami夫人Mrs. Minamiはtopic英語Englishをobject習っstudiedたpast事factはtopic習っstudiedたpastのfactですisが、but会話conversationのof方abilityはtopicあまりvery出来can doないnotのfactです。is - 112
がいこくごはみみからならわなければはなすのはじょうずになれません。
You cannot become good at speaking a foreign language unless you learn it by listening.
外国foreign language語foreign languageはtopic耳listeningからfrom習わlearnなけれunlessばunless話すspeakingのact ofはtopic上手goodにatなれbecomeませnot, politeん。not, polite - 113
よんだりかいたりしてならってはどうしてもかいわはじょうずになれません。
If you learn only by reading and writing, you simply cannot become good at conversation.
読んreadだりthings like書いwriteたりthings likeしdoてand習っlearnてbyはtopicどうno matterしno matterてno matterもno matter会話conversationはtopic上手goodにatなれbecomeませnot, politeん。not, polite - 114
みなみふじんもがっこうでえいごをべんきょうしていたころはせんせいに「もっとべんきょうするものですよ」としかられたものだそうです。
When Mrs. Minami was studying English in school, her teacher would scold her and say, “You should study more.”
南Mrs. Minami夫人Mrs. Minamiもalso学校schoolでat英語Englishをobject勉強studyしwas studyingてwas studyingいwas studyingたpastころwhenはtopic先生teacherにby「もっとmore勉強studyするshould doものshouldですisよ」I tell youとquoteしからwas scoldedれwas scoldedたwas scoldedものused to happenだused to happenそうapparentlyです。is - 115
でもそのころはよくがなかったのですから、あそぶほうがよかったそうです。
But she had no ambition in those days, so she preferred playing.
でbutもbutそのthoseころdaysはtopic欲ambitionがsubjectなかっdid not haveたpastのfactですisから、because遊ぶplaying方choiceがsubjectよかっwas betterたpastそうapparentlyです。is
Questions about introductions and work · Questions 1 of 2
Facts about the two men
The questions ask who introduced Mr. Miller, what the men said, where they work, and where Mr. Miller first planned to go.
*ミラーさんは どこに つとめていますか* means "Where does Mr. Miller work?" An answer gives the workplace from the reading.
- 116
ミラーさんはだれにしょうかいされましたか。
Who introduced Mr. Miller?
ミラーMr. MillerさんMr. Millerはtopicだれwhoにbyしょうかいwas introducedさwas introducedれwas introducedましwas introducedたwas introducedか。question - 117
ふたりはなんといってあいさつしましたか。
What did the two of them say to greet each other?
二人the twoはtopic何whatとquote言っsaidてsaidあいさつgreetしdidましdidたpastか。question - 118
あいさつしてからどうしましたか。
What did they do after greeting each other?
あいさつgreetしdoてandからafterどうwhatしdidましdidたdidか。question - 119
みなみさんはどこにつとめていますか。
Where does Mr. Minami work?
南Mr. MinamiさんMr. Minamiはtopicどこwhereにatつとめworkてworkいworkますpoliteか。question - 120
ミラーさんはどこにつとめていますか。
Where does Mr. Miller work?
ミラーMr. MillerさんMr. Millerはtopicどこwhereにatつとめworkてworkいworkますpoliteか。question - 121
ミラーさんはにほんはこんどがはじめてですか。
Is this Mr. Miller's first time in Japan?
ミラーMr. MillerさんMr. Millerはtopic日本Japanはas for今度this timeがsubject初めてfirst timeですisか。question - 122
はじめはどこへいくようになっていましたか。
Where was he originally supposed to go?
始めoriginallyはtopicどこwhereへtoward行くgoようsupposed toにtoなっwas arrangedてwas arrangedいwas arrangedましwas arrangedたpastか。question
- だれ
- who?
Meeting and language learning · Questions 2 of 2
The meeting and the lesson about listening
The questions ask who arranged the women's meeting, why Mrs. Minami was surprised, and how she studied English.
*南夫人は なぜ おどろいていましたか* means "Why was Mrs. Minami surprised?" An answer gives the reason from the reading.
- 123
みなみふじんはミラーふじんにおめにかかったことがありますか。
Has Mrs. Minami ever met Mrs. Miller?
南Mrs. Minami夫人Mrs. MinamiはtopicミラーMrs. Miller夫人Mrs. Millerにwithおhonorific目meetにtoかかっmetたpast事experienceがsubjectありhaveますpoliteか。question - 124
みなみふじんはだれにたのんでしょうかいしてもらいましたか。
Whom did Mrs. Minami ask to introduce her?
南Mrs. Minami夫人Mrs. Minamiはtopicだれwhoにtoたのんaskedでandしょうかいintroduceしdoてandもらいgot her to doましgot her to doたpastか。question - 125
みなみふじんはなぜおどろいていましたか。
Why was Mrs. Minami surprised?
南Mrs. Minami夫人Mrs. Minamiはtopicなぜwhyおどろいwas surprisedてwas surprisedいwas surprisedましwas surprisedたpastか。question - 126
みなみふじんはえいごをならったことがありますか。
Has Mrs. Minami ever studied English?
南Mrs. Minami夫人Mrs. Minamiはtopic英語Englishをobject習っstudiedたpast事experienceがsubjectありhaveますpoliteか。question - 127
よんだり、かいたりしてがいこくごをならうと、かいわがじょうずになれますか。
If you learn a foreign language by reading and writing, can you become good at conversation?
読んreadだり、things like書いwriteたりthings likeしdoてand外国foreign language語foreign languageをobject習うlearnと、if会話conversationがsubject上手goodにatなれbecomeますpoliteか。question - 128
みなみふじんはがっこうでえいごをべんきょうしていたころ、せんせいになんといってしかられましたか。
When Mrs. Minami was studying English at school, what did her teacher say when scolding her?
南Mrs. Minami夫人Mrs. Minamiはtopic学校schoolでat英語Englishをobject勉強studyしwas studyingてwas studyingいwas studyingたpastころ、when先生teacherにby何whatとquote言っsaidてsaidしからwas scoldedれwas scoldedましwas scoldedたpastか。question - 129
そのころはなぜあそぶほうがよかったのですか。
Why was it better to play in those days?
そのthoseころdaysはtopicなぜwhy遊ぶplaying方choiceがsubjectよかっwas betterたpastのfactですisか。question
- なぜ
- why?
- と、
- and (See Gram. Notes)
Introductions and polite greetings · Word list 1 of 3
Introductions and first meetings
These words cover introductions, humble meeting expressions, polite greetings, and work.
*しょうかいして いただけませんか* means "I wonder if you can introduce me." *初めて お目に かかります* is the humble greeting "I'm glad to meet you."
*うけたまわって おりました* means "I have heard about you."
- 130
しょうかい(する)
introduction(to introduce)
しょうかい(する)introduce - 131
しょうかいしていただけませんか
I wonder if you can introduce me.
しょうかいしていただけませんかcould you introduce me - 132
いただける
can receive
いただけるcan receive - 133
ちょっと
one moment
ちょっとone moment - 134
ごしょうかいいたしましょう
I’ll introduce-- May I introduce
御しょうかいいたしましょうmay I introduce - 135
はじめておめにかかります
Pleased to make an acquaintance with you. I’m glad to meet you.
初めてお目にかかりますpleased to meet you - 136
おめにかかる
meet some one (humble) (vi)
お目にかかるmeet - 137
どうぞよろしくおねがいいたします
I hope you will honor me with your friendship. I beg you kind regard.
どうぞよろしくお願いいたしますpleased to meet you - 138
こちらこそ
Indeed, I’m the one who -----
こちらこそlikewise - 139
うけたまわっておりました
I have heard about you.
うけたまわっておりましたhave heard about you - 140
うけたまわる
hear (vt)
うけたまわるhear - 141
(お)つとめ
duty, service, work
(お)つとめwork
- しょうかい(する)
- introduction(to introduce)
- しょうかいしていただけませんか
- I wonder if you can introduce me.
- いただける
- can receive
- 御しょうかいいたしましょう
- I’ll introduce-- May I introduce
- 初めてお目にかかります
- Pleased to make an acquaintance with you. I’m glad to meet you.
- お目にかかる
- meet some one (humble) (vi)
- どうぞよろしくお願いいたします
- I hope you will honor me with your friendship. I beg you kind regard.
- こちらこそ
- Indeed, I’m the one who -----
- うけたまわっておりました
- I have heard about you.
- うけたまわる
- hear (vt)
- (お)つとめ
- duty, service, work
Gladness and compliments · Word list 2 of 3
Gladness and compliments
These words cover gladness, an honorific invitation, praise, and a modest response.
*来て よかったと 思っています* means "I'm glad I came here." *いらっしゃい* means "please come" or "please go".
*お上手ですこと* expresses admiring wonder.
- 142
こちら
here
こちらhere - 143
きてよかったとおもっています
I’m glad I came here
来てよかったと思っていますglad I came - 144
--てよかったとおもう
I think it was nice that; I’m glad that (See Grammar notes)
--てよかったと思うglad that - 145
こんごとも
hereafter, from now on
今後ともfrom now on - 146
いらっしゃい
please come; please go (See Cult. notes)
いらっしゃいplease come - 147
おめにかかれてうれしくぞんじます
I’m glad that I am able to meet you.
お目にかかれてうれしく存じますglad to meet you - 148
うれしくぞんじます
I’m glad (that---)
うれしく存じますI am glad - 149
まあー
Well! I should say
まあーwell indeed - 150
おじょうずですこと
My, how fluent you are. You are indeed skilled. (see cult notes)
お上手ですことhow skilled you are - 151
はずかしい
embarrassing; feel awkard, feel ashamed.
はずかしいembarrassed - 152
ほんのすこし
just a little
ほんの少しjust a little - 153
ほんの
trivial, just slight, little
ほんのjust
- 来てよかったと思っています
- I’m glad I came here
- --てよかったと思う
- I think it was nice that; I’m glad that (See Grammar notes)
- 今後とも
- hereafter, from now on
- いらっしゃい
- please come; please go (See Cult. notes)
- お目にかかれてうれしく存じます
- I’m glad that I am able to meet you.
- うれしく存じます
- I’m glad (that---)
- まあー
- Well! I should say
- お上手ですこと
- My, how fluent you are. You are indeed skilled. (see cult notes)
- ほんの少し
- just a little
Emphasis, obligation and scolding · Word list 3 of 3
Respect, rejection, and advice
These entries cover gentle assertion, respectful reference, emphatic rejection, informal reasons, advice, and scolding.
*日本の方* means "people in Japan." *出来るものですか* means "You cannot do it."
*勉強するものですよ* means "you should study."
- 154
--わ
emphatic ending (See Cult. Notes)
--わemphasis - 155
けど
abbrev. of KERE DOMO, however
けどhowever - 156
にほんのかた
people in Japan (see cult. notes)
日本の方Japanese people - 157
できるものですか
How can you do it? You cannot do it. (See Grammar notes)
出来るものですかcan you really? - 158
ならったのですもの
we learned it, you see
習ったのですものwe learned it - 159
---もの
emphatic ending (See cult. notes)
---ものemphasis - 160
べんきょうするものですよ
you should study you must study. (See Grammar notes)
勉強するものですよmust study - 161
しかられた
was scolded
しかられたwas scolded - 162
しかる
scold (vt)
しかるscold - 163
そのころ
those days
そのころthose days - 164
よく
desire, wish (n)
欲desire
Guide for Free Conversation
1 Take turns among fellow students and practice introducing one another. (man to man)
2 Go through the same procedure as above, except this time one student take the part of female and one student take the part of male.
3 Go through the same procedure, this time involving "female to female" introduction.Homework
1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.
2 Study Grammar Perception Drill and Pattern Practice and also do the exercises at the end of each Pattern.
3 Learn to read and write Kanji.
4 Read the Explanatory Notes and the Guide for Free Conversation.- --わ
- emphatic ending (See Cult. Notes)
- けど
- abbrev. of KERE DOMO, however
- 日本の方
- people in Japan (see cult. notes)
- 出来るものですか
- How can you do it? You cannot do it. (See Grammar notes)
- 習ったのですもの
- we learned it, you see
- ---もの
- emphatic ending (See cult. notes)
- 勉強するものですよ
- you should study you must study. (See Grammar notes)
- しかられた
- was scolded
- しかる
- scold (vt)
- そのころ
- those days
The particulars
- The course
- Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours.
- Reading aloud
- Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
- The book
- Botchan, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents