Japanese · Lesson 76
Lesson 78
Reading Japan
Reuniting with an old acquaintance · Dialogue 1 of 5
An old acquaintance visits
Maeda welcomes Miller after a long absence. *おお、ミラーさんでは 御ざいませんか。おひさしぶりですね。さあ、どうぞ お上りください* means "Oh, if it isn't Mr. Miller. It has been a long time. Please come in."
After the greetings, Maeda asks why Miller has come. *今日は 又 何か 御用で* means "Do you have personal business today?"
- 1
こんにちは、まえださん。
Hello, Mr, Maeda,
今日todayは、topic前田Maedaさん。Mr. - 2
おお、ミラーさんではございませんか。おひさしぶりですね。さあ、どうぞおあがりください。
Oh, if it isn’t Mr, Miller. It’s been a long time, hasn’t it? Please come in.
おお、ohミラーMillerさんMr.でisはtopic御is notざis notいis notませis notんis notか。questionおlong timeひさしlong timeぶりlong timeですisね。right?さあ、well thenどうぞpleaseおpolite上りcome inください。please - 3
ながいあいだごぶさたいたしております。
I haven’t been keeping in touch with you for a long time.
長いlong間time御keeping in touchぶkeeping in touchさたkeeping in touchいたしhave neglectedてhave neglectedおりhave beenます。polite - 4
いいえ、わたくしこそ。みなさんおげんきなようですね。
No, it’s I, indeed,
いいえ、no私Iこそ。indeed皆everyoneさんeveryoneおhonorable元気wellなbeingようseemsですisね。right? - 5
はあ、おかげさまで。
Yes, thank you.
はあ、yesおかげthanks to you様thanks to youで。by - 6
こんにちはまたなにかごようで。
Do you have personal business today?
今日todayはtopic又again何whatかquestion御personal business用personal businessで。is it
A1 -—DOKORO KA *'far from’, ’’instead of”, ’’anything but” Following nominals, basic form of i-adjectives and verbs, DOKORO KA expresses an idea of far from being such-and-such, but on the contrary such-and-such and is best translated as ’’far from’, ’Anything but”, ’’instead of”, ’’not only but also”, etc. Examples; NIHONGO DOKORO KA EIGO MO SHIRANAI. ”He knows no English, to say nothing of Japanese.” SUKI DOKORO KA DAIKIRAI DESU. ’’Far from liking it, I dislike it.” HIROI DOKORO KA SEMASUGIMASU. ”It is far from being spacious; it is too small.” NIHONGO GA KAKERU DOKORO KA YOMU KOTO MO DEKIMASEN. ”He can even read, to say nothing of his being able to write.”
A1 ANO HITO WA YOROKOBU DOKORO KA OKOTTE IMASHITA, ’’Far from being glad, he was angry.A2 TONDE-MO-NAI Preceding nouns TONDE-MO-NAI expresses the meaning of absurd, preposterous, serious, terrible, outrageous, monstrous, unexpected, fantastic”, and so forth. At times TONDE-MO-NAI or its polite form TONDE-MO-ARIMASEN is used as an emphatic rejection of what has been said and its common English equivalents are ’’Ridiculous!”, ’’Far from it ’’Nothing of the kind*”, ’’Don’t be silly’”, etc. Examples: TONDEMONAI NEDAN ’’exorbitant price” TONDEMONAI MACHIGAI ’’fatal mistake”, ’’silly mistake” TONDEMONAI TOKI ’’unexpected time” TONDEMONAI KANGAE ’’fantastic idea” TONDEMONAI HITO ’’absurd person, unexpected person” TONDEMONAI KOTO ’’outrageous thing” TONDEMONAI HANASHI ’’absurd story”Prefix DAI Prefix DAI precedes Japanese numerals of Chinese origin ICHI, NI, SAN, YON, etc, and expresses the meaning of No, 1, No, 2, No. 3, No. 4, or first, second, third, fourth, etc.B2 TEN to Indicate a decimal in a series of numbers. For examples: 3.5 is SAN TEN GO, 11.36 is JUU ITTEN SAN ROKU, 8.8 is HACHITEN HACHI, etc.B3 CHIN, RYOO, DAI CHIN Is a reward for work, or a fee for using or borrowing other people’s things. For example: YACHIN "house rent" JOOSHACHIN "train fare" DENSHACHIN "streetcar fare" KARICHIN "fee for borrowing" UNCHIN "freight fee" etc.
B3 RYOO is a fee for receiving benefit from others or fee for using something. For example: DEMPOORYOO ’’telegram fee” SHIYOORYOO ’’fee for using something* SOOKINRYOO ’’fee for sending money” YUUBINRYOO ’’fee for mailing” etc. DAI is a price for something. For example: SHIMBUNDAI ’’newspaper price” OCHADAI ’’price for drinking tea” HONDAI ’’book price” KIPPUDAI ’’price of ticket” etc.- 今日
- today
- は、
- leaves
- で
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- か。
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- です
- to be (See Gram. Notes)
- ね。
- isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
- さあ、
- well, now, here, come
- 上り
- up train (See Cultural Notes)
- ください。
- please give me (See Gram. Notes)
- ます。
- trout
- こそ。
- indeed, certainly (See Grammar Notes)
- な
- I wish, I hope, huh
Newspaper firms and circulation · Dialogue 2 of 5
Newspapers and their circulation
Miller asks about Japanese newspaper companies and their circulation. The discussion moves from about 120 companies to copies issued each day.
The decimal point
*三・五人に 対して 一部ぐらいの わりあいです* means "It is the ratio of about one copy per 3.5 persons."
*三・五人* is spoken as *三てん五人*, "3.5 persons." *てん* marks the decimal point between the whole number and the digit after it.
Kanji: 数
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 7
じつはにほんのしんぶんについて、すこしおうかがいいたしたいとおもいまして。
As a matter of fact, I hoped to ask you about the Japanese newspaper a little bit.
実factはtopic日本Japanのof新聞newspapersにaboutついaboutて、about少しa littleおpoliteうかがいaskいたしdoたいwant toとquote思いthoughtましdid, politeて。and so - 8
さようでございますか。なんでもできることでしたら、おこたえしましょう。
Is that so? If It’s anything that I can answer. I’ll be glad to answer.
左様soでis御isざisいisますpoliteか。question何anythingでanythingもanything出来るcan do事thingでしif it isたら、if it isおpolite答えanswerしdoましょう。will - 9
にほんにはしんぶんしゃがおおいですね。
There are many newspaper firms in japan, right?
日本Japanにinはtopic新聞newspaper company社newspaper companyがsubject多いmanyですareね。right? - 10
まったくおおいです。ひゃくにじゅうしゃぐらいありますね。えいじしもありますよ。
There are truly many. There are about 120 firms. There are .also English papers.
まったくtruly多いmanyです。are百one hundred二十twenty社companiesぐらいaboutありthere areますpoliteね。right?英字English-language paper紙English-language paperもalsoありthere areますpoliteよ。I tell you - 11
はっこうぶすうはどのくらいですか。
What is the number of circulation?
発行circulation count部数circulation countはtopicどのhowくらいmuchですisか。question - 12
さん・ごにんにたいしていちぶぐらいのわりあいです。まいにちにせんろっぴゃくまんぶぐらいでています。
It is the ratio of about one copy per three and a half persons. They circulate about twenty six million copies every day.
三・three point五five人peopleにper対しperてper一部one copyぐらいaboutのofわりあいratioです。is毎日every day二千twenty-six million六百twenty-six million万twenty-six million部copiesぐらいabout出circulateてcirculateいcirculateます。polite
- は
- leaves
- の
- See Grammar Notes
- に
- on (See Gram. Notes)
- 少し
- little (quantity)
- と
- and (See Gram. Notes)
- ます
- trout
- 出来る
- to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)
- し
- city
- ましょう。
- let's (See Gram. Notes)
- が
- but (See Gram. Notes)
- まったく
- truly, entirely
- 百
- 100
- 二十
- 20
- ぐらい
- about
- どの
- which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)
- くらい
- dark
- 三・
- three
- 五
- five
- 人
- people
- 一部
- a copy
- 毎日
- Mainichi Newspaper Co.
- 二千
- 2,000
- 六百
- 600
Major newspapers and neutrality · Dialogue 3 of 5
The first difference
Miller asks how Japanese and American newspapers differ. *第一は、日本の 新聞は 政治的に 中立で、どの政とうにも ぞくしていない 事です* gives the first difference: political neutrality.
Numbers in an order
*第一* means "No. 1" or "the first". *第* comes before a numeral of Chinese origin and makes the number a place in order.
Kanji: 第, 政, 治
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
Kanji: 的, 朝, 読
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 13
おおきなしんぶんというとどれですか。
What are the big newspaper firms?
大きなbig新聞newspapersとquote言うsayとwhenどれwhichですareか。question - 14
あさひ、まいにち、よみうり、さんぎょうけいざいしんぶん(ふつうさんけいといいます)などです。あさひがいちばんおおきくて、まいにちろっぴゃくまんぶぐらいでています。
They are Asahi, Mainichi, Yomiuri, SangyooKeizai newspaper (ordinarily called Sankei) and others. Asahi is the largest and it circulates six million copies everyday.
朝日、Asahi毎日、Mainichi読売、Yomiuri産業Sangyo Keizai newspaper経済Sangyo Keizai newspaper新聞Sangyo Keizai newspaper(ふつうordinarily産経Sankeiとquoteいいcalledます)politeなどand othersです。are朝日Asahiがsubject一番most大きくlargeて、and毎日every day六百six million万six million部copiesぐらいabout出circulatesてcirculatesいcirculatesます。polite - 15
にほんのしんぶんとべいこくのしんぶんをくらべて、ちがうところはどこでしょうか。
Comparing Japanese newspapers and American newspapers^what are the different points?
日本Japanのof新聞newspapersとand米国United Statesのof新聞newspapersをobjectくらべcompareて、compare違うdifferentところpointsはtopicどこwhereでしょうprobablyか。question - 16
だいいちは、にほんのしんぶんはせいじてきにちゅうりつで、どのせいとうにもぞくしていないことです。
In the first place, Japanese newspapers are politically independent and they don’t belong to any certain political party.
第first一firstは、topic日本Japanのof新聞newspapersはtopic政治politically的politicallyにpolitically中立neutralで、andどのany政political partyとうpolitical partyにtoもevenぞくしbelongてbelongいbelongないnot事factです。is - 17
せいじしょくがないのですか。
Don’t they have political color?
政治political character色political characterがsubjectないnoneのexplanationですisか。question - 18
そうです。いつもちゅうりつのたちばにあります。
No, they don’t. They always take a neutral attitude.
そうthat is soです。isいつalwaysもalways中立neutralのof立場positionにinありareます。polite
- 大きな
- big, large (See Gram. Notes)
- 言う
- to say
- どれ
- which (of three or more) (See Grammar Notes)
- 朝日、
- Asahi Newspaper Co.
- 毎日、
- Mainichi Newspaper Co.
- 読売、
- Yomiuri Newspaper Co.
- いい
- good (See Gram. Notes)
- ます)
- trout
- など
- and so forth, etc.
- 一番
- number one (See Grammar Notes)
- を
- particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
- ところ
- place (See Gram. Notes)
- でしょう
- probably (See Gram. Notes)
- 一
- one
- 中立
- neutral
- で、
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- そう
- numerical counter for ships
- いつ
- when?
- 立場
- position, standpoint, attitude
Editions, deliveries and prices · Dialogue 4 of 5
Two editions and one monthly fee
Each newspaper issues a morning and an evening edition. When Miller asks the price, *こう 読料ですか。一か月 四百五十円です* means "You mean the subscription fee? It is 450 yen per month."
Three kinds of payment
*RYOO* names a fee for receiving a benefit or using something, as in *こう 読料*. *CHIN* names a reward for work or a fee for use or borrowing.
*DAI* names a price for something. *新聞代* means "newspaper price".
Kanji: 刊
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 19
それはしりませんでした。
I didn’t know that,
それthatはtopic知りdid not knowませdid not knowんdid not knowでしdid not knowた。did not know - 20
だいには、かくしんぶんがちょうかんとゆうかんをだすことです。ですからしないではいちにちにはいたつがにどあります。
In the second place, each newspaper puts out a morning edition and an evening edition. Consequently, within a city there are two deliveries a day.
第second二secondは、topicかくeach新聞newspaperがsubject朝刊morning editionとand夕刊evening editionをobject出すpublishes事factです。isですisからbecause市within the city内within the cityでinはtopic一日one dayにper配達deliveryがsubject二two度timesありthere areます。polite - 21
べいこくでもちょうかんとゆうかんがありますが、かいしゃがちがうか、しんぶんのながちがいます。
In America, too, we have a morning edition and an evening edition; but in that case, either the firm names are different or the names of the newspaper are different.
米国United Statesでinもalso朝刊morning editionとand夕刊evening editionがsubjectありthere areますpoliteが、but会社companyがsubject違うdifferentか、or新聞newspaperのof名nameがsubject違いdiffersます。polite - 22
そうですか。にほんではサービスがよいというわけですね。
Is that right? It means that in Japan the service is better, doesn’t it?
そうthat is soですisか。question日本Japanでinはtopicサービスserviceがsubjectよいgoodとquoteいうsay訳meaningですisね。right? - 23
それでねだんは。
And what about the price?
それthatでandねだんpriceは。topic - 24
こうどくりょうですか。いっかげつよんひゃくごじゅうえんです。
You mean subscription fee? It’s 450 yen per month.
こうsubscription fee読subscription fee料subscription feeですisか。question一oneか月month四百four hundred五十fifty円yenです。is
- 二
- two
- かく
- each (prefix)
- 朝刊
- morning edition
- 夕刊
- evening edition
- 出す
- to mail, send, take out
- です。
- to be (See Gram. Notes)
- から
- from (See Gram. Notes)
- 一日
- first day of the month (See Grammar Notes)
- 会社
- company, firm
- か、
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- 名
- name
- サービス
- service
- よい
- good (See Gram. Notes)
- ねだん
- price
- 四百
- 400
- 五十
- 50
- 円
- yen (unit of money)
Advertising, subscriptions and magazines · Dialogue 5 of 5
Far from cheap
Miller calls the newspaper price cheap. The reply begins *飛んでもない*, a strong rejection meaning "Nothing of the kind."
*日本人に とっては 安い どころか 高すぎる ぐらいです* replaces "cheap" with the contrary judgment: "For Japanese it is far from cheap. It is too expensive."
The discussion continues with advertising and subscription income, then ends with Japanese newspaper companies publishing many magazines.
- 25
しんぶんだいはやすいですね。
The newspaper price is cheap, isn’t it?
新聞newspaper price代newspaper priceはtopic安いcheapですisね。right? - 26
とんでもない。にほんじんにとってはやすいどころかたかすぎるぐらいです。とくにのうかにとってはね。
Nothing of the kind. For Japanese it’s far from cheap, it is rather too expensive. Especially for farmers.
飛んnothing of the kindでnothing of the kindもnothing of the kindない。nothing of the kind日本Japanese人peopleにforとっforてforはtopic安いcheapどころfar fromかfar from高too expensiveすぎるtoo expensiveぐらいratherです。is特にespecially農家farmersにforとっforてforはtopicね。you know - 27
しんぶんはこうこくでもうけるのだから、こうどくりょうはやすくできるとおもいますが。
Since newspapers make money on advertisement, I should think that the subscription fee could be made cheaper.
新聞newspapersはtopicこうadvertisingこくadvertisingでbyもうけるmake moneyのexplanationだisから、becauseこうsubscription fee読subscription fee料subscription feeはtopic安くcheaper出来るcan be madeとquote思いthinkますpoliteが。but - 28
にほんのしんぶんでは、さいきんこうこくりょうのしゅうにゅうがましてきて、こうどくりょうからのしゅうにゅうとはんはんぐらいになりました。それでとうぶんはこうどくりょうはこれいじょうはあがりますまい。
As for Japanese newspapers, income from advertisement fees has increased recently and the income from subscription and from advertisement became about half and half. So, the subscription fee will probably not go up for some time.
日本Japanのof新聞newspapersでinは、topicさいrecently近recentlyこうadvertising feesこくadvertising fees料advertising feesのofしゅうincome入incomeがsubjectましてhas increased来has increasedて、has increasedこうsubscription fees読subscription fees料subscription feesからfromのofしゅうincome入incomeとand半々half and halfぐらいaboutにintoなりbecameましdid, politeた。pastそれthatでandとう分for some timeはtopicこうsubscription fees読subscription fees料subscription feesはtopicこれanyいany上moreはtopic上りgo upますpoliteまい。probably not - 29
ほかにちがうところがありますか。
Is there any other difference?
外otherにamong違うdifferentところpointがsubjectありthere areますpoliteか。question - 30
にほんのしんぶんしゃはざっしをたくさんはっこうしています。このてんべいこくのしんぶんしゃとちがいます。
Japanese newspaper firms publish a lot of magazines. In this respect they are different from those of the United States.
日本Japanのof新聞newspaper companies社newspaper companiesはtopicざっしmagazinesをobject沢山many発行publishしpublishてpublishいpublishます。politeこのthisてrespectんrespect米国United Statesのof新聞newspaper companies社newspaper companiesとfrom違いdifferます。polite
- か
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- もうける
- make profit (y, t.)
- だ
- to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
- から、
- from (See Gram. Notes)
- が。
- but (See Gram. Notes)
- しゅう
- state
- 半々
- half and half
- とう分
- for the time being
Let alone books · Perception drill, Block 1
Not even the lesser thing
*本 どころか 紙も 買えません* means "I cannot even buy papers, to say nothing of books." The speaker cannot afford the lesser item, paper.
*どころか* follows the first noun and rejects that possibility. The second part gives a contrary fact or denies something still more basic.
- 31
ほんどころかかみもかえません。
I can’t even buy papers, say nothing of books.
本booksどころfar fromかfar from紙paperもeven買えcannot buyませcannot buyん。cannot buy
- 本
- numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)
Far from cheap · Perception drill, Block 2
The opposite quality
*安い どころか 高すぎる ぐらいです* means "It is far from cheap. It is rather too expensive."
The *どころか* contrast rejects *安い* and replaces it with the opposite extreme, *高すぎる*.
- 32
やすいどころかたかすぎるぐらいです。
It is far from cheap; it is rather too expensive.
安いcheapどころfar fromかfar from高too expensiveすぎるtoo expensiveぐらいratherです。is
Far from expected conditions · Perception drill, Block 3
Expectation and reality
*いいえ、かん字 どころか、ひらがなさえ 読めないんですよ* means "No, he cannot even read hiragana, to say nothing of kanji."
*どころか* follows a noun or the basic form of an I-adjective or verb.
A change in the other direction
*いいえ、やせる どころか、ふとる 一方です* means "No, she is far from getting thin. She keeps getting fat."
The expected change is rejected. The rest of the line states the contrary change.
- 33
よろこぶどころかおこっていました。
Far from being glad, he was mad.
よろこぶbeing gladどころfar fromかfar fromおこっwas angryてwas angryいwas angryましwas angryた。was angry - 34
あなたはあたらしいじどうしゃをかうのではないのですか。
Aren’t you going to buy a new car?
あなたyouはtopic新しいnew自動car車carをobject買うbuyのexplanationでisはtopicないnotのexplanationですisか。question - 35
あたらしいじどうしゃどころかふるいじどうしゃもかえませんよ。
I can’t even buy an old car let alone a new car.
新しいnew自動car車carどころlet aloneかlet alone古いold自動car車carもeven買えcannot buyませcannot buyんcannot buyよ。I tell you - 36
スミスさんはかんじがよめるのですか。
Can Mr, Smith read Kanji?
スミスSmithさんMr.はtopicかん字kanjiがobject読めるcan readのexplanationですisか。question - 37
いいえ、かんじどころか、ひらがなさえよめないんですよ。
No, he can’t even read Hiragana, say nothing of Kanji.
いいえ、noかん字kanjiどころlet aloneか、let aloneひらがなhiraganaさえeven読めcannot readないcannot readんexplanationですisよ。I tell you - 38
このへやはすこしあつすぎませんか。
Isn’t this room too hot?
このthisへやroomはtopic少しa littleあつtoo hotすぎtoo hotませnot, politeんnot, politeか。question - 39
あつすぎるどころか、さむいくらいです。
It is far from too hot; it is rather cool.
あつtoo hotすぎるtoo hotどころfar fromか、far fromさむいcoldくらいratherです。is - 40
おくさんはおからだがじょうぶですね。
Your wife is healthy, isn’t she?
奥wifeさんwifeはtopicおhonorable体bodyがsubjectじょうぶhealthyですisね。right? - 41
じょうぶどころか、かぜばかりひいています。
Far from healthy, she is always catching cold.
じょうぶhealthyどころfar fromか、far fromかぜcoldsばかりalways引いkeeps catchingてkeeps catchingいkeeps catchingます。keeps catching - 42
おくさんはこのごろすこしやせてきましたね。
Your wife has gotten a little thinner these days, hasn’t she?
奥wifeさんwifeはtopicこのごろthese days少しa littleやせhas gotten thinnerてhas gotten thinner来has gotten thinnerましhas gotten thinnerたhas gotten thinnerね。right? - 43
いいえ、やせるどころか、ふとるいっぽうです。
No, she is far from getting skinny; she keeps on getting fat.
いいえ、noやせるgetting thinどころfar fromか、far fromふとるgetting fat一方keeps onです。is
- よろこぶ
- to rejoice, be delighted
- 車
- vehicle, car
- 買う
- to buy
- 古い
- old, antique
- ひらがな
- HIRAGANA syllabary
- へや
- room
- すぎ
- past, after
- さむい
- cold
- 体
- body, health
- かぜ
- wind
- ばかり
- about
- やせる
- to lose weight (v.i.)
- ふとる
- to become stout (v.i.)
An outrageous mistake · Perception drill, Block 4
A gross mistake
*私は 飛んでもない 間違を しました* means "I made a gross mistake." *飛んでもない* comes before the noun *間違*.
Before a noun, *飛んでもない* gives a strong judgment such as "absurd", "outrageous", "terrible", or "unexpected".
- 44
わたくしはとんでもないまちがいをしました。
I made a gross mistake.
私Iはtopic飛んgrossでgrossもgrossないgross間mistake違mistakeをobjectしmadeましmadeた。made
Unexpected people and situations · Perception drill, Block 5
A rejection by itself
*いいえ、飛んでもない。友だちのを 借りたのです* means "No, do not be silly. I borrowed my friend's."
Here *飛んでもない* stands alone and firmly rejects the suggestion that the Cadillac belongs to the speaker.
A strong judgment before a noun
*いいえ、飛んでもない ねだんを 言っていたから、買いませんでした* means "No, they quoted outrageous prices, so I did not buy it."
Before *ねだん*, *飛んでもない* describes the prices as outrageous. It can also describe an unexpected time or person.
- 45
いいえ、とんでもない。
No, it»s nothing of the kind.
いいえ、no飛んnothing of the kindでnothing of the kindもnothing of the kindない。nothing of the kind - 46
このキャデラックはあなたのですか。
Is this Cadillac yours?
このthisキャデラックCadillacはtopicあなたyouのyoursですisか。question - 47
いいえ、とんでもない。ともだちのをかりたのです。
No, don’t be silly, i borrowed my friend’s.
いいえ、no飛んdo not be sillyでdo not be sillyもdo not be sillyない。do not be silly友だちfriendのofをobject借りborrowedたpastのexplanationです。is - 48
さくばんおそくまでおきていましたね。
You were up late last night, weren’t you?
昨晩last nightおそくlateまでuntil起きwere awakeてwere awakeいwere awakeましwere awakeたwere awakeね。right? - 49
ええ、さくばんとんでもないときにともだちがあそびにきて、おそくまではなしていたのです。
Yes, my friend came visiting at an unexpected time and we were talking until late hours.
ええ、yes昨晩last night飛んunexpectedでunexpectedもunexpectedないunexpected時timeにat友だちfriendがsubject遊びvisitにto来cameて、cameおそくlateまでuntil話しwere talkingてwere talkingいwere talkingたwere talkingのexplanationです。is - 50
きのうカラーテレビをみていましたが、かいましたか。
You were watching color television yesterday, but did you buy it?
昨日yesterdayカラーcolor televisionテレビcolor televisionをobject見were watchingてwere watchingいwere watchingましwere watchingたwere watchingが、but買いboughtましboughtたboughtか。question - 51
いいえ、とんでもないねだんをいっていたから、かいませんでした。
No, they were quoting outrageous prices, so I didn’t buy it.
いいえ、no飛んoutrageousでoutrageousもoutrageousないoutrageousねだんpriceをobject言っwere quotingてwere quotingいwere quotingたwere quotingから、because買いdid not buyませdid not buyんdid not buyでしdid not buyた。did not buy - 52
わたくしはきのうくうこうでとんでもないひとにあいましたよ。
I met an unexpected person at the airport yesterday.
私Iはtopicきのうyesterday空港airportでat飛んunexpectedでunexpectedもunexpectedないunexpected人personにwith会いmetましdid, politeたpastよ。I tell you - 53
だれでしたか。
Who was it?
だれwhoでしwasたpastか。question - 54
ミラーさんですよ。
It was Mr. Miller.
ミラーMillerさんMr.ですwasよ。I tell you - 55
ミラーさんはにほんにいたとおもいましたが。
I thought Mr. Miller was in Japan.
ミラーMillerさんMr.はtopic日本Japanにin居wasたpastとquote思いthoughtましdid, politeたpastが。but - 56
にしゅうかんのきゅうをもらってかえってきたそうです。
I understand he came back with two-week’s vacation.
二two週間weeksのof休vacationをobjectもらっreceivedてand帰っreturnedてreturned来cameたpastそうI hearです。is - 57
スミスくん、きみはきのうのしけんにとんでもないまちがいをしていたね。
Mr. Smith, you made a gross mistake in yesterday’s examination.
スミスSmith君、Mr.君youはtopicきのうyesterdayのof試験examにon飛んgrossでgrossもgrossないgross間mistake違mistakeをobjectしmadeてmadeいmadeたmadeね。right? - 58
どんなまちがいですか。
What kind of mistake was it?
どんなwhat kind of間mistake違mistakeですwasか。question - 59
“てんじょう”をelectriclightとやくしていたよ。
You translated ’’TENJOO” as ’’electric light.
“quoteてんじょう”ceilingをobjectelectricelectriclightlightとas訳しtranslatedてtranslatedいtranslatedたtranslatedよ。I tell you
- おそく
- late (adverbial form of OSOI, be late, be slow)
- まで
- as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)
- ええ、
- Yes
- 時
- time
- 昨日
- yesterday
- テレビ
- television
- 空港
- airport
- だれ
- who?
- 君、
- suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)
- どんな
- what kind of; what sort of
Far from one extreme · Pattern 1 1 of 3
Not even a simpler object
*まんねんひつ どころか えんぴつも ありません* means "Far from having a fountain pen, I do not even have a pencil."
The first object is rejected because the more basic object is also absent.
Qualities and actions also contrast
*ひらがなが 書ける どころか 読めもしません* means "Far from being able to write hiragana, I cannot even read it."
The same *どころか* contrast follows a quality or an action and supplies the opposite or a more basic failure.
- 60
まんねんひつどころかえんぴつもありません。
Far from having a fountain pen, I do not even have a pencil.
まんねんfountain penひつfountain penどころfar fromかfar fromえんぴつpencilもevenありhaveませnot, politeん。not, polite - 61
やさしいどころかむずかしすぎます。
Far from being easy, it is too difficult.
やさしいeasyどころfar fromかfar fromむずかしdifficultすぎtooます。is, polite - 62
ひらがながかけるどころかよめもしません。
Far from being able to write hiragana, I cannot even read it.
ひらがなhiraganaがsubject書けるcan writeどころfar fromかfar from読めcan readもevenしdoませnot, politeん。not, polite - 63
フランスごどころかえいごもできません。
Far from knowing French, I do not even know English.
フランスFrench語Frenchどころfar fromかfar from英語Englishもeven出来knowませnot, politeん。not, polite - 64
じどうしゃどころかテレビもかえない。
Far from being able to buy a car, I cannot even buy a television.
自動car車carどころfar fromかfar fromテレビtelevisionもeven買えcan buyない。cannot - 65
かんじどころかひらがなもよめません。
Far from being able to read kanji, I cannot even read hiragana.
かん字kanjiどころfar fromかfar fromひらがなhiraganaもeven読めcan readませnot, politeん。not, polite - 66
はやいどころかもうおわってしまいました。
Far from being early, it is already over.
早いearlyどころfar fromかfar fromもうalready終っendedてendedしまいcompletelyましdid, politeた。past - 67
さむいどころかあつすぎます。
Far from being cold, it is too hot.
さむいcoldどころfar fromかfar fromあつhotすぎtooます。is, polite - 68
やさしくなるどころかまいにちむずかしくなっていきます。
Far from becoming easier, it is getting more difficult every day.
やさしくeasierなるbecomeどころfar fromかfar from毎日every dayむずかしくmore difficultなっbecomingてbecoming行きcontinuesます。polite
- やさしい
- easy
- もう
- already (See Gram. Notes)
Contrasting reality with expectations · Pattern 1 2 of 3
The proposed situation is not true
The question asks whether money is saved each month. *貯金 どころか 毎日の 生活にも 困っています* answers, "Far from saving money, I have trouble even meeting daily living expenses."
The contrary reality follows
*しかし、雨が 降る どころか 日が てっていますよ* means "But far from raining, the sun is shining."
A *どころか* answer rejects the proposed situation and gives a stronger contrary fact.
- 69
にほんごがわかるどころかひらがなもよめません。
Far from understanding Japanese, I cannot even read hiragana.
日本Japanese語Japaneseがsubjectわかるunderstandどころfar fromかfar fromひらがなhiraganaもeven読めcan readませnot, politeん。not, polite - 70
えいがをみにいくどころかいそがしくてひまがありません。
Far from going to see a movie, I am so busy that I have no free time.
映画movieをobject見seeにto行くgoどころfar fromかfar fromいそがしくbusyてsoひまfree timeがsubjectありhaveませnot, politeん。not, polite - 71
あなたはまいつきちょきんしていますか。
Do you save money every month?
あなたyouはtopic毎月every month貯金save moneyしdoてdoいdoますpoliteか。question - 72
ちょきんどころかまいにちのせいかつにもこまっています。
Far from saving money, I am having trouble even meeting my daily living expenses.
貯金saving moneyどころfar fromかfar from毎日dailyのof生活living expensesにwithもeven困っhaving troubleてhaving troubleいhaving troubleます。polite - 73
パーカーさんはフランスごがはなせますか。
Can Mr. Parker speak French?
パーカーParkerさんMr.はtopicフランスFrench語Frenchがsubject話せcan speakますpoliteか。question - 74
フランスごどころかえいごもあまりはなせないのです。
Far from speaking French, he cannot even speak English very well.
フランスFrench語Frenchどころfar fromかfar from英語Englishもevenあまりvery well話せcan speakないcannotのexplanationです。is - 75
ラジオによると、きょうはあめがふるそうですね。
According to the radio, it is supposed to rain today, isn’t it?
ラジオradioにaccording toよるaccording toと、according to今日todayはtopic雨rainがsubject降るwill fallそうsupposedlyですisね。right? - 76
そうですか。しかし、あめがふるどころかひがてっていますよ。
Is that so? But far from raining, the sun is shining.
そうsoですisか。questionしかし、but雨rainがsubject降るfallどころfar fromかfar from日sunがsubjectてっshiningてshiningいshiningますpoliteよ。I tell you - 77
おくさんのごびょうきはすこしよくなりましたか。
Has your wife’s illness gotten a little better?
奥wifeさんwifeの's御honorable病気illnessはtopic少しa littleよくbetterなりbecameましdid, politeたpastか。question
- 映画
- movie
- ひま
- leisure time, free
- ラジオ
- radio
- と、
- and (See Gram. Notes)
- 雨
- rain
- 降る
- to fall (rain) (v.i.)
- しかし、
- however, but
- よく
- well, skillfully
Answering with strong contrasts · Pattern 1 3 of 3
Two levels of rejection
*飛んでも ない。広い どころか 私たちには せますぎますよ* means "Not at all. Far from being large, it is too small for the residents."
*飛んでも ない* rejects the question emphatically. The *どころか* clause then replaces "large" with the contrary fact.
- 78
いいえ、よくなるどころかわるくなるいっぽうです。
No, far from getting better, she is only getting worse.
いいえ、noよくbetterなるbecomeどころfar fromかfar from悪くworseなるbecome一方onlyです。is - 79
あなたのかりているいえはひろいですか。
Is the house you are renting large?
あなたyouの's借りrentingてrentingいるrenting家houseはtopic広いlargeですisか。question - 80
とんでもない。ひろいどころかわたくしたちにはせますぎますよ。
Not at all. Far from being large, it is too small for us.
飛んnot at allでnot at allもnot at allない。not at all広いlargeどころfar fromかfar from私usたちusにforはtopicせまsmallすぎtooますis, politeよ。I tell you - 81
にほんごはやさしいですか。
Is Japanese easy?
日本Japanese語Japaneseはtopicやさしいeasyですisか。question - 82
このへやはひろいですか。
Is this room large?
このthisへやroomはtopic広いlargeですisか。question - 83
あなたはまいつきちょきんしますか。
Do you save money every month?
あなたyouはtopic毎月every month貯金save moneyしdoますpoliteか。question - 84
あたらしいじどうしゃをかいますか。
Will you buy a new car?
新しいnew自動car車carをobject買いbuyますpoliteか。question - 85
にほんごはだんだんやさしくなりますか。
Is Japanese gradually becoming easier?
日本Japanese語Japaneseはtopicだんだんgraduallyやさしくeasierなりbecomeますpoliteか。question
- いる
- to need (See Gram. Notes)
- 家
- house, home
- だんだん
- gradually, step by step
Outrageous things and events · Pattern 2 1 of 3
Outrageous things and events
*きのうの 試験に 飛んでもない 問題が 出ていました* means "There was an outrageous question on yesterday's examination."
Before a noun, *飛んでもない* describes the thing as outrageous, terrible, absurd, or unexpected.
The noun supplies the context
*飛んでもない ひ用が かかりました* means "It cost an outrageous amount of money."
The judgment can apply to a problem, mistake, story, time, person, question, or expense.
- 86
わたくしはとんでもないことをしました。
I did something outrageous.
私Iはtopic飛んoutrageousでoutrageousもoutrageousないoutrageous事thingをobjectしdidましdid, politeた。past - 87
いいえ、とんでもない。
No, not at all.
いいえ、no飛んnot at allでnot at allもnot at allない。not at all - 88
きのうのしけんにとんでもないもんだいがでていました。
There was an outrageous question on yesterday’s examination.
きのうyesterdayの's試験examにon飛んoutrageousでoutrageousもoutrageousないoutrageous問題questionがsubject出appearedてappearedいappearedましdid, politeた。past - 89
とんでもないまちがいをして、しかられました。
I made a terrible mistake and was scolded.
飛んterribleでterribleもterribleないterrible間mistake違mistakeをobjectしmadeて、andしからscoldedれwasましdid, politeた。past - 90
とんでもないはなしをききました。
I heard an outrageous story.
飛んoutrageousでoutrageousもoutrageousないoutrageous話storyをobject聞きheardましdid, politeた。past - 91
たなかさんはときどきとんでもないことをいいます。
Mr. Tanaka sometimes says outrageous things.
田中TanakaさんMr.はtopic時々sometimes飛んoutrageousでoutrageousもoutrageousないoutrageous事thingsをobject言いsayます。polite - 92
とんでもないときにともだちがあそびにきました。
A friend came to visit at a terrible time.
飛んterribleでterribleもterribleないterrible時timeにat友だちfriendがsubject遊びvisitにto来cameましdid, politeた。past - 93
きのうとんでもないひとにあいました。
Yesterday I met an outrageous person.
きのうyesterday飛んoutrageousでoutrageousもoutrageousないoutrageous人personにwithあいmetましdid, politeた。past - 94
ときどきこどもにとんでもないしつもんをします。
Sometimes I ask children outrageous questions.
時々sometimes子供childrenにto飛んoutrageousでoutrageousもoutrageousないoutrageousしつ問questionをobjectしaskます。polite - 95
とんでもないひようがかかりました。
It cost an outrageous amount of money.
飛んoutrageousでoutrageousもoutrageousないoutrageousひcost用costがsubjectかかりcostましdid, politeた。past
- 話
- story, talk
- 時々
- sometimes, occasionally
Unexpected questions, people and costs · Pattern 2 2 of 3
Outrageous or unexpected
*子供は 時々 飛んでもない しつ問を しますね* means "Children sometimes ask outrageous questions." Here the judgment is "outrageous."
*時々 飛んでもない 所で、飛んでもない人に あうものですね* means "Sometimes you meet the most unexpected people in the most unexpected places."
The noun and its situation determine whether *飛んでもない* means "outrageous" or "unexpected."
- 96
このごろあたらしいいえをたてようとおもうととんでもないひようがかかりますね。
These days, if you want to build a new house, it costs an outrageous amount of money, doesn’t it?
このごろthese days新しいnew家houseをobjectたてようwant to buildとquote思うthinkとif飛んoutrageousでoutrageousもoutrageousないoutrageousひcost用costがsubjectかかりcostsますpoliteね。right? - 97
ええ、なんでもたかくなりましたからね。
Yes, because everything has become expensive.
ええ、yes何everythingでeverythingもeverything高くexpensiveなりbecameましdid, politeたpastからbecauseね。right? - 98
こどもはときどきとんでもないしつもんをしますね。
Children sometimes ask outrageous questions, don’t they?
子供childrenはtopic時々sometimes飛んoutrageousでoutrageousもoutrageousないoutrageousしつ問questionsをobjectしaskますpoliteね。right? - 99
ええ、わたくしもうちのこどもにときどきへんなしつもんをされてこまることがあるんですよ。
Yes, sometimes my children ask me strange questions and I do not know what to do.
ええ、yes私Iもalsoうちmy familyの's子供childrenにby時々sometimes変strangeなstrangeしつ問questionsをobjectさaskedれwasてand困るam troubled事timesがsubjectあるthere areんexplanationですisよ。I tell you - 100
ジョンズさんはときどききょうしつでとんでもないことをいってせんせいにしかられるそうですね。
I hear that Mr. Jones sometimes says outrageous things in class and gets scolded by the teacher.
ジョンズJonesさんMr.はtopic時々sometimes教室classroomでin飛んoutrageousでoutrageousもoutrageousないoutrageous事thingsをobject言っsaysてand先生teacherにbyしからscoldedれるgetsそうI hearですisね。right? - 101
ええ、あのせいとはちょっとへんですよ。
Yes, that student is a little strange.
ええ、yesあのthat生徒studentはtopicちょっとa little変strangeですisよ。I tell you - 102
ときどきとんでもないところで、とんでもないひとにあうものですね。
Sometimes you meet the most unexpected people in the most unexpected places, don’t you?
時々sometimes飛んunexpectedでunexpectedもunexpectedないunexpected所placeで、in飛んunexpectedでunexpectedもunexpectedないunexpected人peopleにtoあうmeetものit happensですisね。right? - 103
なぜですか。
Why?
なぜwhyですisか。question - 104
さくばんぎんざでパーカーさんにあいましたよ。
I met Mr. Parker in Ginza last night.
昨晩last night銀座GinzaでinパーカーParkerさんMr.にwithあいmetましmetたmetよ。I tell you - 105
きのうたなかさんからとんでもないはなしをききましたよ。
Yesterday I heard an outrageous story from Mr. Tanaka.
きのうyesterday田中TanakaさんMr.からfrom飛んoutrageousでoutrageousもoutrageousないoutrageous話storyをobject聞きheardましheardたheardよ。I tell you
- 思う
- to think
- うち
- home, house
- ある
- certain, some
- れる
- to be able to -- (See Grammar Notes)
- ちょっと
- a little
- 所
- address, place
- もの
- things (tangible)
- なぜ
- why?
Things described as outrageous · Pattern 2 3 of 3
Nouns after a strong judgment
*問題* means "question", and *ねだん* means "price". The other lines supply a place, mistake, story, thing, and person.
Each noun can follow *TONDE-MO-NAI*. The completed phrase gives a judgment such as "outrageous", "terrible", or "unexpected."
- 106
どんなはなしですか。
What kind of story?
どんなwhat kind of話storyですisか。question - 107
たなかさんのおくさんがにゅういんしているということをききました。
I heard that Mr. Tanaka’s wife is in the hospital.
田中TanakaさんMr.の’s奥wifeさんwifeがsubject入院is hospitalizedしis hospitalizedてis hospitalizedいるis hospitalizedとquoteいうcalled事factをobject聞きheardましheardた。heard - 108
もんだい
Question.
問題question - 109
ところ
Place.
所place - 110
まちがい
Mistake.
間違いmistake - 111
はなし
Story.
話story - 112
こと
Thing.
事thing - 113
ひと
Person.
人person - 114
ねだん
Price.
ねだんprice
Japanese newspapers compared · Questions 1 of 2
Companies, circulation, and differences
The questions ask for the number of companies, the major newspapers, daily circulation, and numbered differences from American newspapers.
*それは 何人に 対して 一部の わり合ですか* means "That is a ratio of one copy for how many people?" The answer gives three and a half people.
*日本の 新聞は 米国の 新聞とくらべて、先づ 第一に どう違いますか* asks for the first difference. The answer gives political neutrality.
- 115
にほんにはしんぶんしゃのかずがおおく、ひゃくにじゅうしゃぐらいあります。そのなかでおおきなしんぶんしゃはあさひ、まいにち、よみうり、さんけいなどです。はっこうぶすうはまいにちにせんろっぴゃくまんぶぐらいで、さんにんはんにたいしていちぶぐらいのわりあいです。はっこうぶすうのいちばんおおいのは、あさひで、まいにちろっぴゃくまんぶぐらいです。にほんのしんぶんをべいこくのとくらべると、まずだいいちににほんのしんぶんはせいじてきにちゅうりつで、どのせいとうにもぞくしていません。つまりせいじしょくがないのです。だいにに、にほんではかくしんぶんがちょうかんとゆうかんをだします。ですから、しないでは
Japan has many newspaper companies, about 120 of them. Among them, the major newspaper companies include the Asahi, Mainichi, Yomiuri, and Sankei. About 26 million copies are issued each day, which is about one copy for every three and a half people. The Asahi has the largest circulation, about six million copies a day. If we compare Japanese newspapers with those of the United States, first, Japanese newspapers are politically neutral and do not belong to any political party. In other words, they have no political coloring. Second, in Japan each newspaper publishes a morning and an evening edition. Therefore, in the cities...
日本Japanにinはtopic新聞newspaper company社newspaper companyのof数numberがsubject多く、many百one hundred二十twenty社companiesぐらいaboutありexistます。politeそのthose中amongでin大きなmajor新聞newspaper company社newspaper companyはtopic朝日、Asahi毎日、Mainichi読売、Yomiuri産経Sankeiなどand othersです。are発行circulation部数circulationはtopic毎日each day二千twenty million六百six million万ten-thousand部copiesぐらいaboutで、and三three人people半halfにper対しperてper一部one copyぐらいaboutのofわりratio合ratioです。is発行circulation部数circulationのof一番most多いnumerousのoneは、topic朝日Asahiで、is毎日each day六百six hundred万ten-thousand部copiesぐらいaboutです。is日本Japanのof新聞newspapersをobject米国United Statesのthoseとwithくらべるcompareと、when先づfirst第first一firstにfirst日本Japanのof新聞newspapersはtopic政治politics的politicallyにpolitically中立neutralで、andどのany政political partyとうpolitical partyにtoもanyぞくしdo not belongてdo not belongいdo not belongませdo not belongん。do not belongつまりin other words政治political coloring色political coloringがsubjectないnoのoneです。is第second二secondに、second日本Japanでinはtopicかくeach新聞newspaperがsubject朝刊morning editionとand夕刊evening editionをobject出しpublishます。politeですthereforeから、because市city内cityでinはtopic - 116
そうです。しんぶんはこうこくでもうけるのだから、こうどくりょうはやすくできるはずですが、まだやすくはなりません。しかし、さいきんこうこくりょうのしゅうにゅうがましてきて、こうどくりょうからのしゅうにゅうとはんはんぐらいになりましたから、とうぶんはこうどくりょうはこれいじょうはあがらないでしょう。
That is right. Since newspapers make money from advertising, subscription rates ought to be low, but they have not become low yet. Recently, however, income from advertising fees has increased and has come to make up about half the revenue, alongside income from subscription fees, so subscription rates probably will not rise any further for the time being.
そうthat is soです。is新聞newspapersはtopicこうadvertisingこくadvertisingでfromもうけるmake moneyのreasonだisから、becauseこうsubscription fee読subscription fee料subscription feeはtopic安くlow出来るcan becomeはずshouldですbeが、butまだyet安くlowはemphasisなりhave not becomeませhave not becomeん。have not becomeしかし、howeverさいrecently近recentlyこうadvertising feeこくadvertising fee料advertising feeのofしゅうincome入incomeがsubjectましてhas increased来has increasedて、has increasedこうsubscription fee読subscription fee料subscription feeからfromのofしゅうincome入incomeとand半々half and halfぐらいaboutにintoなりbecameましbecameたbecameから、becauseとう分for nowはtopicこうsubscription fee読subscription fee料subscription feeはtopicこれany furtherいany further上any furtherはemphasis上らriseないnotでしょう。probably - 117
にほんにはしんぶんしゃのかずがいくつぐらいありますか。
About how many newspaper companies are there in Japan?
日本Japanにinはtopic新聞newspaper company社newspaper companyのof数numberがsubjectいくhow manyつhow manyぐらいaboutありexistますpoliteか。question - 118
そのなかでおおきなしんぶんしゃは?
Which are the major newspaper companies among them?
そのthose中amongでin大きなmajor新聞newspaper company社newspaper companyは?topic - 119
はっこうぶすうはまいにちどのくらいありますか。
How many copies are issued each day?
発行circulation部数circulationはtopic毎日each dayどのhowくらいmuchありexistますpoliteか。question - 120
それはなんにんにたいしていちぶのわりあいですか。
That is a ratio of one copy for how many people?
それthatはtopic何how many人peopleにper対しperてper一部one copyのofわりratio合ratioですisか。question - 121
はっこうぶすうのいちばんおおいのはどのしんぶんですか。はっこうぶすうはどのくらいありますか。
Which newspaper has the largest circulation? About how large is its circulation?
発行circulation部数circulationのof一番most多いnumerousのoneはtopicどのwhich新聞newspaperですisか。question発行circulation部数circulationはtopicどのhowくらいlargeありexistますpoliteか。question - 122
にほんのしんぶんはべいこくのしんぶんとくらべて、まずだいいちにどうちがいますか。
First of all, how do Japanese newspapers differ from American newspapers?
日本Japanのof新聞newspapersはtopic米国United Statesのof新聞newspapersとwithくらべcompareて、compare先づfirst第first一firstにfirstどうhow違いdifferますpoliteか。question - 123
だいににどうちがいますか。
How do they differ in the second place?
第second二secondにsecondどうhow違いdifferますpoliteか。question - 124
さいごにどうちがいますか。
Finally, how do they differ?
さい後finallyにfinallyどうhow違いdifferますpoliteか。question
- 多く、
- many of them
- 三
- three
- つまり
- in short, in another word
- まだ
- yet, still
- でしょう。
- probably (See Gram. Notes)
- さい後
- last
Deliveries, prices and advertising · Questions 2 of 2
Service, prices, and revenue
The questions ask about deliveries, editions, the monthly subscription, and advertising income.
*日本人に とっては どうですか* means "How is it for Japanese people?" The answer says the subscription is far from cheap and almost too expensive.
- 125
しないでははいたつがなんどありますか。
How many deliveries are there within the city?
市city内cityでinはtopic配達deliveriesがsubject何how many度timesありexistますpoliteか。question - 126
べいこくでもちょうかんとゆうかんがありますか。
Are there morning and evening editions in the United States too?
米国United Statesでinもalso朝刊morning editionとand夕刊evening editionがsubjectありexistますpoliteか。question - 127
にほんではしんぶんのこうどくりょうはどのくらいですか。
How much is a newspaper subscription in Japan?
日本Japanでinはtopic新聞newspaperのofこうsubscription fee読subscription fee料subscription feeはtopicどのhowくらいmuchですisか。question - 128
よんひゃくごじゅうえんのこうどくりょうはべいこくじんにとってはやすいですか。
Is a subscription fee of 450 yen inexpensive for Americans?
四百four hundred五十fifty円yenのofこうsubscription fee読subscription fee料subscription feeはtopic米国American人peopleにforとっforてforはtopic安いinexpensiveですisか。question - 129
にほんじんにとってはどうですか。
How is it for Japanese people?
日本Japanese人peopleにforとっforてforはtopicどうhowですisか。question - 130
しんぶんはなんでもうけますか。
How do newspapers make money?
新聞newspapersはtopic何whatでwithもうけmake moneyますpoliteか。question - 131
こうどくりょうからのしゅうにゅうとこうこくのしゅうにゅうはどうですか。
How do income from subscriptions and income from advertising compare?
こうsubscription fee読subscription fee料subscription feeからfromのofしゅうincome入incomeとandこうadvertisingこくadvertisingのofしゅうincome入incomeはtopicどうhowですisか。question - 132
はいたつがにどもあります。べいこくでもあさかんとゆうかんがあることはありますが、かいしゃがちがうか、しんぶんのながちがいます。つまりにほんではサービスがよいということになります。それから、さいごににほんのしんぶんしゃはざっしをたくさんはっこうしています。このてんべいこくのしんぶんしゃとちがいます。にほんではしんぶんのこうどくりょうはいっかげつよんひゃくごじゅうえんです。よんひゃくごじゅうえんといえば、べいこくのおかねになおせばいちドルにじゅうごセントですから、べいこくじんにとってはやすいほうです。しかし、にほんじんにとってはそれはやすいどころかたかすぎるくらいです。とくにのうかにとっては
There are even two deliveries. There are morning and evening editions in the United States too, but either the companies are different or the names of the newspapers are different. In other words, this means that service is good in Japan. Then, finally, Japanese newspaper companies publish many magazines. In this respect they differ from American newspaper companies. In Japan, a newspaper subscription is 450 yen a month. Speaking of 450 yen, that is one dollar and twenty-five cents when converted into American money, so it is relatively inexpensive for Americans. However, for Japanese people, far from being inexpensive, it is almost too expensive. This is especially true for farm families.
配達deliveriesがsubject二two度timesもevenありexistます。polite米国United Statesでinもalso朝刊morning editionとand夕刊evening editionがsubjectあるexist事factはtopicありexistますpoliteが、but会社companiesがsubject違うdifferか、or新聞newspapersのof名namesがsubject違いdifferます。politeつまりin other words日本Japanでinはtopicサービスserviceがsubjectよいgoodとquoteいうcalled事factにintoなりmeansます。politeそれthenから、fromさい後finallyにfinally日本Japanのof新聞newspaper company社newspaper companyはtopicざっしmagazinesをobject沢山many発行publishしpublishてpublishいpublishます。publishこのthisてrespectんrespect米国United Statesのof新聞newspaper company社newspaper companyとfrom違いdifferます。polite日本Japanでinはtopic新聞newspaperのofこうsubscription fee読subscription fee料subscription feeはtopic一oneか月month四百four hundred五十fifty円yenです。is四百four hundred五十fifty円yenとquote言えsayば、if米国United Statesのofおpolite prefix金moneyにintoなおせconvertばif一oneドルdollar二十twenty五fiveセントcentsですisから、because米国American人peopleにforとっforてforはtopic安いinexpensive方sideです。isしかし、however日本Japanese人peopleにforとっforてforはtopicそれthatはtopic安いinexpensiveどころfar fromかinstead高expensiveすぎるtooくらいnearlyです。is特にespecially農家farm familiesにforとっforてforはtopic - 133
そうです。しんぶんはこうこくでもうけるのだから、こうどくりょうはやすくできるはずですが、まだやすくはなりません。しかし、さいきんこうこくりょうのしゅうにゅうがましてきて、こうどくりょうからのしゅうにゅうとはんはんぐらいになりましたから、とうぶんはこうどくりょうはこれいじょうはあがらないでしょう。
That is right. Since newspapers make money from advertising, subscription fees should be able to be kept low, but they have not come down yet. Recently, however, income from advertising has increased and become about equal to income from subscriptions, so subscription fees will probably not go any higher for the time being.
そうthat is soです。is新聞newspapersはtopicこうadvertisingこくadvertisingでfromもうけるmake moneyのreasonだisから、becauseこうsubscription fee読subscription fee料subscription feeはtopic安くlow出来るcan becomeはずshouldですbeが、butまだyet安くlowはemphasisなりhave not becomeませhave not becomeん。have not becomeしかし、howeverさいrecently近recentlyこうadvertising feeこくadvertising fee料advertising feeのofしゅうincome入incomeがsubjectましてhas increased来has increasedて、has increasedこうsubscription fee読subscription fee料subscription feeからfromのofしゅうincome入incomeとand半々half and halfぐらいaboutにintoなりbecameましbecameたbecameから、becauseとう分for nowはtopicこうsubscription fee読subscription fee料subscription feeはtopicこれany furtherいany further上any furtherはemphasis上らriseないnotでしょう。probably
- ドル
- dollar
Circulation and newspaper company words · Word list 1 of 4
Companies and circulation
This set covers newspaper companies, circulation, and decimal quantities. *新聞社* means "newspaper company", and *発行部数* means "number of circulation".
*三てん五人* means "3.5 persons". The *てん* between the whole number and the final digit marks the decimal point.
- 134
ごよう
personal business
御用personal business - 135
しんぶんしゃ
newspaper company
新聞社newspaper company - 136
まったく
truly, entirely
全くentirely - 137
ひゃくにじゅうしゃ
120 firms
百二十社120 firms - 138
えいじし
English paper
英字紙English paper - 139
はっこうぶすう
number of circulation
発行部数circulation - 140
さんてんごにん
3.5 persons
三てん五人3.5 people - 141
いちぶ
a copy
一部one copy - 142
あさひ
Asahi Newspaper Co.
朝日Asahi Newspaper - 143
まいにち
Mainichi Newspaper Co.
毎日Mainichi Newspaper - 144
よみうり
Yomiuri Newspaper Co.
読売Yomiuri Newspaper
- 御用
- personal business
- 新聞社
- newspaper company
- 全く
- truly, entirely
- 百二十社
- 120 firms
- 英字紙
- English paper
- 発行部数
- number of circulation
- 三てん五人
- 3.5 persons
- 朝日
- Asahi Newspaper Co.
- 読売
- Yomiuri Newspaper Co.
Politics, attitudes and proportions · Word list 2 of 4
Politics and proportions
This set covers political neutrality, numbered order, and proportions. *中立* means "neutral", and *わり合* means "ratio, rate, proportion".
*第一* means "the number one" or "the first".
- 145
さんぎょうけいざいしんぶん
Sangyoo Keizai Newspaper Co.
産業経済新聞Sangyo Keizai Newspaper - 146
だいいち
the number one, the first(See Cult. Notes)
第一first - 147
せいじてきに
politically
政治的にpolitically - 148
ちゅうりつ
neutral
中立neutral - 149
せいとう
political party
政とうpolitical party - 150
ぞくする
belong (vi)
ぞくするbelong - 151
せいじしょく
political color
政治色political coloring - 152
たちば
position, standpoint, attitude
立場position - 153
たいして
per, to, against
対してtoward - 154
わりあい
ratio; rate; proportion
わり合proportion - 155
かく
each (prefix)
かくeach
- 産業経済新聞
- Sangyoo Keizai Newspaper Co.
- 第一
- the number one, the first(See Cult. Notes)
- 政治的に
- politically
- 政とう
- political party
- ぞくする
- belong (vi)
- 政治色
- political color
- 対して
- per, to, against
- わり合
- ratio; rate; proportion
Editions, subscriptions and advertising · Word list 3 of 4
Editions, prices, and contrasts
This set covers newspaper editions, prices, fees, advertising, and strong contrasts. *朝刊* means "morning edition".
*新聞代* means "newspaper price". *安いどころか 高すぎる* means "Cheap? On the contrary, it is too expensive."
- 156
あさかん
morning edition
朝刊morning edition - 157
ゆうかん
evening edition
夕刊evening edition - 158
しない
within a city
市内within the city - 159
だす
produce, put out, print (v.t.)
出すput out - 160
ねだん
price
ねだんprice - 161
こうどくりょう
subscription (charge)
こう読料subscription charge - 162
しんぶんだい
newspaper price (See Cult, Notes)
新聞代newspaper price - 163
とんでもない
absurd, preposterous (See Cult, Notes)
飛んでもないpreposterous - 164
やすいどころかたかすぎる
cheap? On the contrary it is too expensive (See Gram, Notes)
安いどころか高すぎるfar from cheap - 165
こうこく
advertisement
こうこくadvertisement - 166
もうける
make profit (y, t.)
もうけるmake a profit
- 市内
- within a city
- こう読料
- subscription (charge)
- 新聞代
- newspaper price (See Cult, Notes)
- 飛んでもない
- absurd, preposterous (See Cult, Notes)
- 安いどころか高すぎる
- cheap? On the contrary it is too expensive (See Gram, Notes)
- こうこく
- advertisement
Publishing and television words · Word list 4 of 4
Publishing and television
This set covers advertising fees, publishing, proportions, points, and television. *こうこく料* means "advertisement charge".
*カラー テレビ* and *カラー、テレビ* both mean "color television".
- 167
こうこくりょう
advertisement charge
こうこく料advertising charge - 168
はんはん
half and half
半々half and half - 169
とうぶん
for the time being
とう分for now - 170
はっこうする
to publish
発行するpublish - 171
てん
point (See Cult, Notes)
てんpoint - 172
カラーテレビ
color television
カラーテレビcolor television - 173
カラー、テレビ
color television
カラー、テレビcolor television - 174
つまり
in short, in another word
つまりin short
Guide for Free Conversation
1a Name some of the big newspaper firms in Japan.
1b Compare Japanese newspaper and American newspaper.
1c Talk about number of subscription, subscription fee, etc.
2a Look at the pictures on Pages 284 to 288 and talk about some of the advertisements.Homework
1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.
2 Study Grammar Perception Drill.
3 Study Pattern Practice and do the exercise following each pattern.
4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.
5 Read the Explanatory Notes.
6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given.- こうこく料
- advertisement charge
- 発行する
- to publish
- てん
- point (See Cult, Notes)
- カラーテレビ
- color television
The particulars
- The course
- Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours.
- Reading aloud
- Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
- The book
- Botchan, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents