Japanese Basic Course 1732 Studios

Japanese · Lesson 75

Lesson 77

Reading Japan

143 lines

Farm animals and machinery · Dialogue 1 of 3

Animals and farm machines

Two speakers compare animal power with farm machinery in Japan. One saw cattle and horses used for cultivation near Kinugawa hot spring.

*今では その 反対ですよ* says that the opposite is now true, at least in Kantō and Kansai.

East and west of Japan

*関東、関西 へんではね* limits the claim to Kantō and Kansai.

*関東* means the Tokyo district. *関西* means roughly the Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe districts.

Kanji: 耕 to 反

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

Kanji: 対, 関, 牛, 作

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 1

    にほんののうぎょうはきぼがちいさいので、のうきぐをしようすることがすくないですね。

    Since agriculture in japan is small in scale, farm machines and implements are hardly ever used, isn’t that right?

    日本Japan
    の's
    農業agriculture
    はtopic
    きscale
    ぼscale
    がsubject
    小さいsmall
    のbecause
    で、because
    農farm machinery
    機具farm machinery
    をobject
    使用use
    するdo
    事instances
    がsubject
    少いfew
    ですis
    ね。right?
  2. 2

    そうです。のうきぐなどかいいれるだけのけいざいりょくもないのです。それで、うしやうまなどかちくがかわれているんです。

    That’s right. They have no economic capability either to purchase farm machines or implements. For that reason, domestic animals; such as, cattle and horses are raised.

  3. 3

    このあいだきぬがわおんせんのほうへいったときも、こうさくにうしやうまをつかっているのをみうけました。

    The other day when I went to Kinugawa hot spring, I saw cattle and horses being used for cultivation.

  4. 4

    そうでしょう。おもったよりおおいでしょう。

    I suppose so. There are more than you expected, isn’t that right?

  5. 5

    ええ、そうですね。わたくしはにほんではたやはたけをたがやすのにうしやうまばかりつかってこううんきはほんのわずかとおもっていたんですよ。

    Yes, that’s right. I thought they only used cattle and horses to cultivate rice fields and fields and very few cultivating machines in Japan.

  6. 6

    そうですか。いまではそのはんたいですよ。すくなくともかんとう、かんさいへんではね。

    Is that so? At present it is completely

1 NARA KOSO Following nominals and nominals plus particles, NARA KOSO singles out a reason and best rendered in English with ’’only because it is — Examples: ANATA NARA KOSO, DEKIRU NO DESU. ’’Only because it’s you, it can be done.” NIHON DE NARA KOSO. KONNA KOTO GA DEKIRU NO DESU. ’’Only because it’s in Japan, you can do this sort of thing.” WATAKUSHI WA GENKI NARA KOSO. KONNA SHIGOTO GA DEKIRU NO DESU. ’’Only because I am healthy, I can do this sort of work.” HAWAI NARA KOSO. FUYU DEMO OYOGU KOTO GA DEKIRU NO DESU.

1 ’’Only because it’s Hawaii, can you swim even in winter.” KIMI GA BOKU NO YUUJIN NARA KOSO. BOKU WA KONNA KOTO O IU NO DESU. ’’Only because you are my friend, do I tell you this sort of thing.”
2 ----- BA KOSO Following the conditional form of verbs and i-adjectives KOSO singles out a reason, best rendered in English with ’’Only because you do such-and-such”, or ’’Only because this is such-and-such. Examples: NIHON DE AREBA KOSO, KONNA KOTO GA DEKIRU NO DESU. ’’You can do this sort of thing, only because this is Japan.” ANO HITO WA OKANE GA AREBA KOSO MAINEN ATARASHII JIDOOSHA O KAU KOTO GA DEKIRU NO DESU. ’’Only because he has money, can he buy a new car every year

2 BENKYOO SURE BA KOSO, ANO SEITO WA YOKU DEKIRU NO DESU. ’’That student does well only because he studies hard KORE WA YASUKEREBA KOSO, KATTA N DESU. ”I bought this only because it is cheap.”
B1 KANTOO vs. KANSAI In the Kamakura Period Japan was divided into two parts, east and west at the Suzuka mountain range which is about thirty miles due east of Kyoto, where a barrier was erected. Today we roughly designate Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe districts as Kansai and Tokyo districts as Kantoo.
TOOHOKU The northeastern section of Japan is called the TOOHOKU region. Another name for this region is Oou

district. This region includes 6 prefectures of Aomori, Akita, Iwate, Yamagata, Miyagi and Fukushima, This region, in general, is considered to be a young region with a low standard of living, low income and behind the times in agricultural technique.
KINKI-CHIHOO Originally KINKI occupied the central position surrounding the Imperial Palace, This area included from the Kyoo-ga-misaki on the northern tip of Kyoto Prefecture to the north, Shio-no-Misaki to the south, tip of Shima peninsula to the east, and to the borderline of Okayama Prefecture and Hyoogo Prefecture to the west. Administratively this area includes seven prefectures; namely, urban prefectures of Kyoto and Osaka, prefectures of Hyoogo, Nara, Wakayama, Shiga and Mie.
の
See Grammar Notes
農業
agriculture
は
leaves
き
counter for airplanes (See Gram. Notes)
が
but (See Gram. Notes)
で、
--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
を
particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
です
to be (See Gram. Notes)
ね。
isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
そう
numerical counter for ships
など
and so forth, etc.
買い入れる
purchase (v.t.)
だけ
only, just (See Grammar Notes)
牛
cow, cattle
や
and---among others (See Gram. Notes)
馬
horse
家ちく
domesticated animal
いる
to need (See Gram. Notes)
川
river
おんせん
hot spring
へ
to (See Gram. Notes)
時
time
耕作
cultivation; tillage
に
on (See Gram. Notes)
でしょう。
probably (See Gram. Notes)
より
than (See Gram. Notes)
ええ、
Yes
田
paddy field
はたけ
field
耕す
cultivate; till (vt)
ばかり
about
ほんの
trivial, just slight, little
わずか
a small amount; trifling
と
and (See Gram. Notes)
か。
either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
関東、
Tokyo-Yokohama area (See Cult Notes)
関西
Osaka-Kyoto area (See Cult Notes)

Livestock and dairy farming · Dialogue 2 of 3

Livestock across Japan

The speakers list the main animals raised in Japan, then ask about sheep.

*北海道 と 東北 を のぞいては 少いです* means "With the exception of Hokkaido and Tōhoku, there are very few."

The northeast region

*東北* is the northeastern region of Japan. The line identifies it with Hokkaido as an exception to the scarcity of sheep.

Pastures are scarce in Kantō and Kansai, while Hokkaido has many sheep and dairy farms.

Kanji: 鳥

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 7

    にほんでかっているおもなかちくはなんですか。

    What are the principal domestic animals in Japan?

  2. 8

    うし、うま、ぶた、やぎ、いぬ、ねこ、うさぎ、ちょうるいではにわとり、あひる、しちめんちょう、はとなどかっています。

    They raise cattle, horses, pigs, goats, dogs, cats, rabbits, and chickens, ducks, turkeys, and pigeons among fowl.

  3. 9

    ひつじはかっていませんか。

    Don’t they raise sheep?

  4. 10

    ほっかいどうととうほくをのぞいてはすくないです。

    With the exception of Hokkaidoo and Toohoku, there are very few.

  5. 11

    かんとう、かんさいではぼくじょうはみませんね。

    You don’t see pastures in Kantoo and Kansai, do you?

  6. 12

    すくないです。ほっかいどうはべいこくみたいですから、ひつじのかずもおおいし、らくのうのかずもおおいです。

    There are a few. Since Hokkaidoo is just like the United States, there are many sheep and dairy farms.

で
--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
牛、
cow, cattle
馬、
horse
ぶた、
pig, hog
やぎ、
goat
いぬ、
dog
ねこ、
cat
うさぎ、
rabbit, hare
にわとり、
chicken
あひる、
duck
七
seven
はと
pigeon; dove
ます。
trout
ひつじ
sheep
北
north
海
sea, ocean
道
road, street
東
east
ぼく場
pasture
から、
from (See Gram. Notes)
かず
number
し、
city
らく農
dairy farm

Kobe beef production · Dialogue 3 of 3

Beef from the Kinki region

One speaker asks where Japanese beefsteaks come from. The answer begins *近畿地方です*, "They come from the Kinki region."

The speaker describes cattle receiving beer and good food, with fat rubbed into the meat. The production is said to be expensive.

The Kinki region

*近畿地方* is the Osaka-Kyoto area. The line presents it as the source of the beef.

*日本でならこそ* and *日本で あればこそ* each make Japan the reason this production is possible.

  1. 13

    にほんのビフテキはじつにうまいですが、どこからきますか。

    Japanese beef steaks are very delicious, but where do they come from?

  2. 14

    きんきちほうです。あのあたりではうしにビールをのませたり、よいたべものをやったりし、そのうえ、しぼうをにくにもみこむそうです。

    They come from Kinki region. Around there,

  3. 15

    へえー、にほんでならこそ、そういうことができるのですね。

    Oh? Only in japan such a thing is possible, isn’t that right?

  4. 16

    そうですとも。にほんであればこそできることで、べいこくなどではとてもできないでしょうね。たかいものにつきますから。

    of course. Only because it is Japan such a thing is possible and such a thing is utterly impossible in the United States because it proves to be expensive.

ビフテキ
beef steak
うまい
savory, delicious, good
が、
but (See Gram. Notes)
から
from (See Gram. Notes)
ます
trout
地方
country, region
あたり
vicinity, neighborhood
ビール
beer
よい
good (See Gram. Notes)
食べ物
food
しぼう
fat
肉
meat, flesh
もみこむ
massage--into,rub--into
なら
if it is (See Gram. Notes)
こそ、
indeed, certainly (See Grammar Notes)
出来る
to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)
とても
very, indeed
でしょう
probably (See Gram. Notes)
もの
things (tangible)

Only because of who or where · Perception drill, Block 1

Only because it is you

*あなたならこそ 出来る のです* means "Only because it is you, can it be done." The person is singled out as the reason.

*ならこそ* follows a noun, or a noun with a particle, and stresses that reason. English uses "only because it is".

A place as the reason

*米国で ならこそ、そんな 事が 出来る のです* means "Only because it is America, is such a thing possible."

Here *ならこそ* follows the noun and the particle *で*. The place is the decisive condition for what can happen.

  1. 17

    あなたならこそできるのです。

    Only because it*s you, can it be done,

  2. 18

    やまださんはまいばんくじまではたらくそうですが、ほんとによくはたらきますね。

    I understand Mr, Yamada -works until nine every night, but he really works hard, doesn’t he?

  3. 19

    わかいひとならこそ、そんなことができるのですよ。わたくしなどはとてもできませんね。

    Only because he is young, can he do such a thing. We can never do that,

  4. 20

    べいこくではじどうしゃのないいえはほとんどありませんよ。

    There is hardly any home without a car in America,

  5. 21

    べいこくでならこそ、そんなことができるのです。

    Only because it’s America, is such a thing possible.

  6. 22

    きみがゆうじんならこそ、こんなことをいうのですが、あんまりさけをのまないようにするほうがいいね。

    Only because you are my friend, I say this sort of thing to you, but you had better not drink too much.

  7. 23

    ええ、ありがとう。これからあんまりのまないようにするつもりです。

    Yes, thank you. I will try not to drink too much from now on.

  8. 24

    おおきさんのおとうさんははちじゅうだそうですが、まだまいしゅういちどはゴルフをやっていらっしゃるそうですね。

    I understand Mr. Ooki’s father is 80 year’s old, but I understand he is still playing golf once a week.

  9. 25

    そうですか。けんこうならこそ、そんなことができるのですね。

    Is that right? Only because he is healthy, can he do that.

  10. 26

    モンテレーではふゆでもオーバーをきなくてもいいのですね。

    Even in winter you don’t have to wear an overcoat in Monterey, isn’t that right?

  11. 27

    そう、モンテレーならこそ、そんなことができるのですよ。

    That’s right. Only because it’s Monterey, is such a thing possible.

こそ
indeed, certainly (See Grammar Notes)
です。
to be (See Gram. Notes)
九
nine
まで
as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)
よく
well, skillfully
人
people
車
vehicle, car
家
house, home
ほとんど
almost (See Gram. Notes)
君
suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)
友人
friend
言う
to say
酒
Sake, rice wine
いい
good (See Gram. Notes)
八十
80
だ
to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
まだ
yet, still
一
one
ゴルフ
golf
いらっしゃる
to come, go (honorific verb)
けんこう
health
モンテレー
Monterey
冬
winter
オーバー
overcoat

Only because something matters · Perception drill, Block 2

Importance as the reason

*大切であればこそ 教えているんだよ* means "I am teaching it only because it is important." The conditional form before *こそ* singles out the reason.

A verb or I-adjective takes its conditional form before *こそ*. English uses "only because" for the emphasized reason.

Practice makes the result possible

*れん習すればこそ あんなに上手に 話せるのですよ* means "He can speak well like that only because he practices."

*米国であればこそ、こんな事が出来るのです* means "Only because it is America, can this sort of thing be done."

  1. 28

    べいこくであればこそ、こんなことができるのです。

    Only because it’s America, can you do this sort of thing.

  2. 29

    あなたがゆうじんであればこそ、こんなことをいうのですから、わるくおもわないでくださいよ。

    Only because you are my friend, do I say this sort of thing, so please don’t feel bad about it,

  3. 30

    ええ、よくわかっています。

    Yes, I understand perfectly.

  4. 31

    せんせい、このかんじはたいせつですか。

    Teacher, is this Kanji important?

  5. 32

    たいせつであればこそおしえているんだよ。

    I am teaching it only because it is important.

  6. 33

    じんこうのぞうかはくにのはってんをたすけますか。

    Does an increase in population aid the development of a nation?

  7. 34

    もちろんそうです。じんこうがぞうかすればこそくにがはってんするのです。

    Of course, it does. A nation develops only because population increases.

  8. 35

    パーカーさんのいえにはじどうしゃがさんだいあるそうですね。

    I understand Mr. Parker has three cars, is that so?

  9. 36

    パーカーさんはおかねがあればこそ、そんなことができるのですよ。

    Such a thing is possible only because Mr. Parker has money.

  10. 37

    ジョンズさんはよくにほんごをはなしますが、いえでよくれんしゅうするのでしょうね。

    Mr. Jones speaks Japanese well, but I suppose he practices hard at home.

  11. 38

    れんしゅうすればこそあんなにじょうずにはなせるのですよ。

    He can speak well like that only because he practices.

ください
please give me (See Gram. Notes)
人口
population
国
country, nation
もちろん
of course, to be sure
三
three
ある
certain, some
上手
skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)
話せる
to be able to speak

Emphasising identity, place and reason · Pattern 1 1 of 3

The exact reason

*私は 元気 ならこそ、こんな 事が 出来る のです* means "It is precisely because I am healthy that I can do this sort of thing."

The *ならこそ* from *あなたならこそ* now marks health, identity, necessity and preference as the decisive reason.

A place before the reason

*日本で ならこそ、こんな 事が 出来る のです* means "It is precisely in Japan that one can do this sort of thing."

With *で* before *ならこそ*, the emphasized reason is a place.

  1. 39

    わたくしはげんきならこそ、こんなことができるのです。

    It is precisely because I am healthy that I can do this sort of thing.

  2. 40

    へたならこそ、もっとべんきょうしなければならないのです。

    It is precisely because I am not good at it that I must study harder.

  3. 41

    こどもならこそ、こんなことができるのです。

    It is precisely because he is a child that he can do this sort of thing.

  4. 42

    あなたならこそ、こんなことがいえるのです。

    It is precisely because you are you that you can say this sort of thing.

  5. 43

    これはひつようならこそかったのです。

    I bought this precisely because it was necessary.

  6. 44

    これはべいこくでならこそ、たべることができるのです。

    It is precisely in the United States that one can eat this.

  7. 45

    にほんでならこそ、こんなことができるのです。

    It is precisely in Japan that one can do this sort of thing.

  8. 46

    すきならこそたべるのです。

    I eat it precisely because I like it.

下手
unskilled, poor in doing things
もっと
more (See Gram. Notes)
し
city
言える
can be said

Explaining actions through circumstances · Pattern 1 2 of 3

The circumstance that permits it

*土曜日 ならこそ、あんなに おそくまで 起きていた のです* means "He stayed up that late precisely because it was Saturday."

Here *ならこそ* makes Saturday the decisive reason for the past action.

Health behind ability

*元気 ならこそ、こんなに 毎日 働くことが 出来る のです* means "It is precisely because I am healthy that I can work this much every day."

Here the emphasized condition explains an ability rather than a past action.

  1. 47

    どようびならこそ、こんなにおそくまでおきていることができるのです。

    It is precisely because it is Saturday that I can stay up this late.

  2. 48

    あなたのこどもさんはさくばんいちじまでテレビをみていましたが、いつもあんなにおそくまでおきているのですか。

    Your child was watching television until one o’clock last night; does he always stay up that late?

  3. 49

    いいえ、どようびならこそ、あんなにおそくまでおきていたのです。

    No, he stayed up that late precisely because it was Saturday.

  4. 50

    あなたはおげんきですね。

    You are healthy, aren’t you?

  5. 51

    ええ、げんきならこそ、こんなにまいにちはたらくことができるのです。

    Yes, it is precisely because I am healthy that I can work this much every day.

  6. 52

    あなたならこそわたくしはいうのですが、ほかのひとにはいわないでくださいよ。

    I am telling you this precisely because it is you, but please do not tell anyone else.

  7. 53

    はい、かしこまりました。

    Yes, certainly.

  8. 54

    こどもたちはさむいのにシャツいちまいであそんでいますね。

    Although it is cold, the children are playing in just their shirts, aren’t they?

おそく
late (adverbial form of OSOI, be late, be slow)
テレビ
television
いつ
when?

Restating decisive reasons · Pattern 1 3 of 3

A reason set against a limit

*子供 ならこそ あんな事が 出来る のですね* means "It is precisely because they are children that they can do such a thing."

The next sentence contrasts the adults, who cannot do it. The *ならこそ* form marks the decisive difference.

One place against another

*日本で ならこそ 出来る のです* means "It can be done precisely because this is Japan."

*米国ですから、女の人でも こんなに 飲んで 遊ぶ 事が 出来る のです* gives an ordinary reason. *ならこそ* presents such a reason as decisive.

  1. 55

    こどもならこそあんなことができるのですね。わたくしたちおとなにはとてもできませんよ。

    It is precisely because they are children that they can do such a thing, isn’t it? We adults certainly cannot do it.

  2. 56

    べいこくでもこんなことができますか。

    Can this sort of thing be done in the United States too?

  3. 57

    いいえ、にほんでならこそできるのです。べいこくではとてもできませんね。

    No, it can be done precisely because this is Japan. It certainly cannot be done in the United States.

  4. 58

    わたくしはけんこうですから、いっしゅうかんににどゴルフをやることができるのです。

    Because I am healthy, I can play golf twice a week.

  5. 59

    あなたですから、わたくしはこんなことをあなたにいうことができるのです。

    Because it is you, I can tell you this sort of thing.

  6. 60

    べいこくですから、おんなのひとでもこんなにのんであそぶことができるのです。

    Because this is the United States, even women can drink and enjoy themselves this much.

  7. 61

    あしたはやすみですから、こんなにおそくまでおきているのです。

    Because tomorrow is a day off, I am staying up this late.

  8. 62

    これはたいせつですから、よくべんきょうしなければなりません。

    Because this is important, you must study it thoroughly.

二
two
やる
to do
女
female
明日
tomorrow

Only by doing something · Pattern 2 1 of 3

An action that enables a result

*よく 勉強すればこそ 日本語が 上手に なれる のです* means "It is precisely by studying hard that you can become good at Japanese."

In *勉強すればこそ*, the conditional form with *こそ* emphasizes the action that enables the result.

A negative reason

*わからなければこそ、あなたに 聞いている のです* means "It is precisely because I do not understand that I am asking you."

A negative conditional form can carry the same emphasis.

  1. 63

    よくべんきょうすればこそにほんごがじょうずになれるのです。

    It is precisely by studying hard that you can become good at Japanese.

  2. 64

    べいこくであればこそ、おんなのひとでもこんなことができるのです。

    It is precisely because this is the United States that even women can do this sort of thing.

  3. 65

    けんこうであればこそ、まいにちじゅうじかんはたらけるのです。

    It is precisely because I am healthy that I can work ten hours every day.

  4. 66

    すきであればこそ、たべるのです。

    I eat it precisely because I like it.

  5. 67

    よくたべればこそ、おおきくなるのです。

    It is precisely by eating well that you grow big.

  6. 68

    にほんごはやくにたてばこそ、いまべんきょうしているのです。

    It is precisely because Japanese is useful that I am studying it now.

  7. 69

    わからなければこそ、あなたにきいているのです。

    It is precisely because I do not understand that I am asking you.

  8. 70

    よくべんきょうすればこそ、じょうずになるのです。

    It is precisely by studying hard that you become good at it.

なれる
to get used to, get accustomed
十
ten
時間
hour, time
好き
to like, be fond of (See Grammar Notes)

Explaining why something is possible · Pattern 2 2 of 3

Usefulness as the reason

*役に立てばこそ、私が あなたに 教えている のです* means "It is precisely because it will be useful that I am teaching you."

The conditional form with *こそ* makes usefulness the reason for teaching.

A person who makes it possible

*山本さんで あればこそ 出来る 事ですね* means "This fine work is something that precisely Mr. Yamamoto can do."

The reply says that nobody else could do it. Mr. Yamamoto is the decisive condition.

  1. 71

    うまければこそ、こんなにたくさんたべているのです。

    It is precisely because it is delicious that I am eating so much.

  2. 72

    にほんごをしっていればにほんへいってやくにたつでしょうか。

    If I know Japanese, will it be useful when I go to Japan?

  3. 73

    やくにたてばこそ、わたくしがあなたにおしえているのです。

    It is precisely because it will be useful that I am teaching you.

  4. 74

    にほんでもこんなおおきぼののうぎょうをやっていますか。

    Do they also carry on agriculture on this large a scale in Japan?

  5. 75

    いいえ、べいこくであればこそできるのです。にほんではとてもできません。

    No, it can be done precisely because this is the United States. It certainly cannot be done in Japan.

  6. 76

    こんなきれいなしごとはやまもとさんであればこそできることですね。

    This fine work is something that precisely Mr. Yamamoto can do, isn’t it?

  7. 77

    そうです。あのひとでなければできないことです。

    That’s right. It is something that no one but he can do.

  8. 78

    あのせいとはかんじがちっともできませんね。

    That student cannot do kanji at all, can he?

な
I wish, I hope, huh
ちっとも
not even a little (See Gram. Notes)

Linking actions to their causes · Pattern 2 3 of 3

Study as the condition

*勉強すればこそ 出来るので* means "It is precisely by studying that one can do them." The rest contrasts this with failing to study.

The line contrasts *勉強すればこそ* with *勉強しなければ*, studying with not studying.

Youth as the condition

*若ければこそ、あんな 事が 出来る のですね* means "It is precisely because he is young that he can do such a thing."

Here an I-adjective takes its conditional form before *こそ*.

  1. 79

    べんきょうがたりないんですね。べんきょうすればこそできるので、べんきょうしなければかんじなどはならえませんよ。

    He has not studied enough. It is precisely by studying that one can do them; if one does not study, one cannot learn things like kanji.

  2. 80

    やまもとさんはにちようびもやすまないで、はたらいているそうですね。

    I hear that Mr. Yamamoto works without taking even Sundays off.

  3. 81

    ええ、そうらしいです。わかければこそ、あんなことができるのですね。

    Yes, apparently so. It is precisely because he is young that he can do such a thing, isn’t it?

  4. 82

    たむらさんはおかねがあるから、あんないいいえをかうことができるのです。

    Because Mr. Tamura has money, he can buy such a nice house.

  5. 83

    たくさんたべるからおおきくなるのです。

    You grow big because you eat a lot.

  6. 84

    わからないから、きみにきいているのです。

    I am asking you because I do not understand.

  7. 85

    きまりがわるいから、あかいかおをしているのです。

    His face is red because he is embarrassed.

  8. 86

    おいしいから、こんなにたくさんたべているのです。

    I am eating this much because it is delicious.

買う
to buy
かお
face
おいしい
tasty, delicious

Farm machinery in Japan · Questions 1 of 2

From animal power to shared machines

The passage explains why farmers used cattle and horses, then describes the increase in cultivating machines. It names *関東、関西* as areas where the change is especially common.

*農機具は 大抵 一けんの 農家が 一台 買うのですか* asks whether each farm household usually buys one machine. The answer says five or six households buy one together.

  1. 87

    にほんののうぎょうはきぼがちいさいので、おおきなのうきぐはあまりしようしていませんでした。またにほんのひゃくしょうはのうきぐをかいいれるだけのけいざいりょくももっていなかったのです。ですから、たやはたけをたがやすのに、うしやうまなどのかちくをつかっていました。ところがさいきんではこううんきをつかっているひゃくしょうのかずがひじょうにふえてきました。ことにかんとう、かんさいのへんではそうです。たいていごろっけんののうかがいっしょになってこううんきをかいいれるのです。

    Because agriculture in Japan was small in scale, large farm machines and implements were not used very much. Also, Japanese farmers did not have enough financial means to purchase farm machines and implements. Therefore, they used domestic animals such as cattle and horses to cultivate rice fields and other fields. Recently, however, the number of farmers using cultivating machines has increased greatly. This is especially so around the Kanto and Kansai regions. Usually, five or six farm households join together to purchase a cultivating machine.

  2. 88

    にほんではこうさくにつかうためにうしやうまなどのかちくをかっていますが、そのほか、ぶた、やぎ、いぬ、ねこ、うさぎ、それからちょうるいではにわとり、あひる、しちめんちょう、はとなどをかっています。やぎはおもにちちをとるためにかっています。またにほんののうかではたいていにわとりをかっています。きんきちほうではしょくりょうのためうしをたくさんかっています。こうべのビフテキはゆうめいです。このあたりではうしにビールをのませたり、よいたべものをやったりし、そのうえ、しぼうをにくにもみこむのだそうです。ですから、にくもやわらかくてたいへんおいしいそうです。ほっかいどうではらくのうのかずもおおく、うしをたくさん

    In Japan, domestic animals such as cattle and horses are raised for use in cultivation; in addition, pigs, goats, dogs, cats, and rabbits are raised, as are chickens, ducks, turkeys, and pigeons among fowl. Goats are raised mainly for their milk. Also, most Japanese farm households raise chickens. In the Kinki region, many cattle are raised for food. Kobe beefsteak is famous. In this area, they reportedly give the cattle beer and good food, and in addition massage the fat into the meat. Therefore, the meat is said to be tender and very delicious. In Hokkaido there are also many dairy farmers, and they raise many

  3. 89

    かっています。ですから、ほっかいどうではおおきなぼくじょうがたくさんみられます。にほんでできるバターやチーズやぎゅうにゅうはおもにほっかいどうからくるのです。

    cattle. Therefore, many large pastures can be seen in Hokkaido. The butter, cheese, and milk produced in Japan come mainly from Hokkaido.

  4. 90

    なぜにほんのひゃくしょうはおおきなのうきぐをあまりしようしていませんでしたか。

    Why did Japanese farmers not use large farm machines and implements very much?

  5. 91

    にほんのひゃくしょうはおおきなのうきぐをかいいれるだけのけいざいりょくをもっていましたか。

    Did Japanese farmers have enough financial means to purchase large farm machines and implements?

  6. 92

    さいきんではどうですか。

    How is it nowadays?

  7. 93

    ことにどのへんでのうきぐをたくさんつかっていますか。

    In which regions in particular are many farm machines and implements used?

  8. 94

    のうきぐはたいていいっけんののうかがいちだいかうのですか。

    Does each farm household usually buy one farm machine?

大きな
big, large (See Gram. Notes)
に、
on (See Gram. Notes)
ところ
place (See Gram. Notes)
けん
numerical counter for houses (See Gram. Notes)
使う
to use, employ
おもに
mainly, chiefly
ちち
milk
とる
to take (v.t.)
食糧
food
多く、
many of them
バター
butter
チーズ
cheese
牛にゅう
milk
なぜ
why?
どの
which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)

Livestock, beef and dairy products · Questions 2 of 2

Animals, beef and dairy products

The questions ask why farmers raise different animals, why Kobe beef is tender, and where dairy farming is concentrated.

*近畿地方では 何を 沢山 かっていますか* means "What do they raise in large numbers in the Kinki region?" An answer names cattle and their use for food.

Other answers connect goats with milk and connect Hokkaido with dairy farms, butter, cheese and milk.

  1. 95

    にほんではどんなかちくをかっていますか。

    What kinds of domestic animals are raised in Japan?

  2. 96

    うしやうまはたいていなんのためにかっていますか。

    For what purpose are cattle and horses usually raised?

  3. 97

    やぎはなんのためにかっていますか。

    For what purpose are goats raised?

  4. 98

    きんきちほうではなにをたくさんかっていますか。

    What do they raise in large numbers in the Kinki region?

  5. 99

    こうべのビフテキはどうですか。

    What is Kobe beefsteak like?

  6. 100

    こうべのビフテキはなぜにくがやわらかくておいしいのですか。

    Why is the meat in Kobe beefsteak tender and delicious?

  7. 101

    らくのうはおもにどこでやっていますか。

    Where is dairy farming mainly carried on?

  8. 102

    にほんでできるバター、チーズ、ぎゅうにゅうなどはおもにどこからきますか。

    Where do butter, cheese, milk, and other dairy products made in Japan mainly come from?

どんな
what kind of; what sort of
やぎ
goat
バター、
butter
チーズ、
cheese

Farming machinery and livestock · Word list 1 of 4

Farming work and resources

The words cover farm machinery, purchasing power, livestock and cultivation.

*農機具* means "farm machines and implements". *経済力* means "economic capability". *家ちく* means "domesticated animal".

  1. 103

    かちく

    domesticated animal

  2. 104

    のうきぐ

    farm machines & implements

  3. 105

    かいいれる

    purchase (v.t.)

  4. 106

    けいざいりょく

    economic capability

  5. 107

    うし

    cow, cattle

  6. 108

    うま

    horse

  7. 109

    こうさく

    cultivation; tillage

  8. 110

    かう

    raise, rear, breed (v.t.)

  9. 111

    みうける

    see (v.t.)

  10. 112

    おもったより

    than expected; than first thought

  11. 113

    こううんき

    cultivation machine

農機具
farm machines & implements
経済力
economic capability
かう
raise, rear, breed (v.t.)
見受ける
see (v.t.)
思ったより
than expected; than first thought
耕うん機
cultivation machine

Regions, cultivation and animals · Word list 2 of 4

Regions, amounts and animals

The words cover cultivation, quantities, animals and two regions.

*関東* means "the Tokyo-Yokohama area". *関西* means "the Osaka-Kyoto area". *耕す* means "cultivate" or "till".

  1. 114

    ところが

    however

  2. 115

    たがやす

    cultivate; till (vt)

  3. 116

    わずか

    a small amount; trifling

  4. 117

    すくなくとも

    at least

  5. 118

    かんとう

    Tokyo-Yokohama area (See Cult Notes)

  6. 119

    かんさい

    Osaka-Kyoto area (See Cult Notes)

  7. 120

    ぶた

    pig, hog

  8. 121

    やぎ

    goat

  9. 122

    ねこ

    cat

  10. 123

    うさぎ

    rabbit, hare

  11. 124

    ちょうるい

    birds, fowl

ところが
however
少くとも
at least
関東
Tokyo-Yokohama area (See Cult Notes)
ぶた
pig, hog
ねこ
cat
うさぎ
rabbit, hare
鳥るい
birds, fowl

Poultry, sheep and dairy farming · Word list 3 of 4

Animals and regional farming

The words cover poultry, sheep, dairy farming and two regions.

*東北* means "northeastern Honshu". *近畿地方* means "the Osaka-Kyoto area". *らく農* means "dairy farm".

  1. 125

    にわとり

    chicken

  2. 126

    あひる

    duck

  3. 127

    しちめんちょう

    turkey

  4. 128

    はと

    pigeon; dove

  5. 129

    ひつじ

    sheep

  6. 130

    --をのぞいて(は)

    with the exception of ---

  7. 131

    とうほく

    northeastern Honshu (See Cult Notes)

  8. 132

    ぼくじょう

    pasture

  9. 133

    らくのう

    dairy farm

  10. 134

    きんきちほう

    Osaka-Kyoto area (See Cult. Notes)

  11. 135

    しぼう

    fat

にわとり
chicken
あひる
duck
七めん鳥
turkey
--をのぞいて(は)
with the exception of ---
東北
northeastern Honshu (See Cult Notes)
近畿地方
Osaka-Kyoto area (See Cult. Notes)

Beef and dairy words · Word list 4 of 4

Beef, milk and decisive reasons

The words cover beef, dairy products and forms for a decisive reason.

*---ならこそ* means "only because it is". *であればこそ* means "only because it is in". *牛にゅう* means "milk".

  1. 136

    もみこむ

    massage--into,rub--into

  2. 137

    ---ならこそ

    only because it is (See cult. Notes)

  3. 138

    であればこそ

    only because it is in --- (See Cult. Notes)

  4. 139

    たかいものにつく

    prove to be expensive

  5. 140

    ちち

    milk

  6. 141

    バター

    butter

  7. 142

    チーズ

    cheese

  8. 143

    ぎゅうにゅう

    milk

Guide for Free Conversation

1a Talk about domestic animals raised both in Japan and in the United States.

1b Talk about domestic animals used for farm work.

1c Talk about dairy farming in Japan.

2a Look at the pictures on Pages 238 to 246 and talk about them.
Homework

1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.

2 Study Grammar Perception Drill.

3 Study Pattern Practice and do the exercises following each pattern.

4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.

5 Read the Explanatory Notes.

6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given.
---ならこそ
only because it is (See cult. Notes)
であればこそ
only because it is in --- (See Cult. Notes)
高いものにつく
prove to be expensive

The particulars

The course
Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours.
Reading aloud
Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
The book
Botchan, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
Data
JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.