Japanese · Lesson 93
Lesson 95
Reading Japan
Traditional sports of Japan · Dialogue 1 of 4
Sports unique to Japan
Two speakers discuss sports unique to Japan. *古来の ものですね。沢山 ありますよ* means "You mean those from ancient times. We have many."
The examples include *けん道、じゅう道、すもう、水泳*. The speaker calls them representative sports.
*国技と 言われているのは すもうでしょう* presents sumo as the sport called Japan's national sport.
Kanji: 独, 泳, 技
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
Kanji: 古
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 1
にほんどくとくのスポーツというのがありますか。
Are there any sports that you would call unique to Japan?
日本Japan独特unique toのofスポーツsportsとquoteいうcalledのonesがsubjectありexistますpoliteか。question - 2
こらいのものですね。たくさんありますよ。たとえば、けんどう、じゅうどう、すもう、すいえい、そのほかいろいろあります。
You mean those from ancient times, don’t you? We have many. For example, fencing, JUUDOO, wrestling, swimming and many others.
古来ancient timesのfromものthingsですareね。right?沢山manyありexistますpoliteよ。I tell youたとえば、for exampleけんJapanese fencing道、Japanese fencingじゅうjudo道、judoすもう、wrestling水泳、swimmingそのother他others色々variousありexistます。polite - 3
だいひょうてきなスポーツというのはなんでしょうか。
What do you suppose are the representative sports?
代表representative的representativeなrepresentativeスポーツsportsとquoteいうcalledのonesはtopic何whatでしょうprobably areか。question - 4
いまおはなししたのはみなにほんのだいひょうてきなものですが、こくぎといわれているのはすもうでしょう。
Those sports that I have just spoken of are all representative sports of Japan, but the so-called national sport will probably be Japanese wrestling.
今just nowおhonorable話しspokeしspokeたpastのonesはtopic皆all日本Japanのof代表representative的representativeなrepresentativeものonesですareが、but国技national sportとquote言わis calledれis calledてis calledいるis calledのoneはtopicすもうwrestlingでしょう。probably is - 5
こくぎというのはそのくにをしょうちょうするものですね。
A so-called national sport is a sport that will represent that country, isn’t that so?
国技national sportとquoteいうcalledのoneはtopicそのthat国countryをobjectしょうsymbolizeちょうするsymbolizeものoneですisね。right?
--- YORI HOKA NI WA NAI. Following nouns and pronouns YORI HOKA NI WA NAI expresses the meaning of “There is nothing other than (except) ---” or “There is no one other than (except) ---.” When the subject is a living thing, IMASEN is used in place of ARIMASEN. NAI or INAI may be replaced by other negative verbs to indicate the meaning of “I don’t do anything other than ---.” In this case the negative verbs may be preceded by NANNIMO or DAREMO. Examples: SASHIMI O TABERU NO WA WATAKUSHI YORI HOKA NI WA IMASEN. “There is no one other than me that eats SASHIMI.” NIHONGO O SHITTE IRU NO WA WATAKUSHI YORI HOKA NI WA IMASENDESHITA. “There was no one other than me who knew Japanese.” WATAKUSHI GA HANASERU NO WA EIGO YORI HOKA NI WA ARIMASEN. “As for the language that I can speak, there is nothing other than English.” WATAKUSHI WA GYUUNIKU YORI HOKA NI WA NANNIMO TABEMASEN. “I don’t eat anything other than beef.” WATAKUSHI WA HIRAGANA YORI HOKA NI WA YOMEMASEN. “I can’t read anything except HIRAGANA.”SUMOO. SUMOO, the Japanese style of wrestling, in which professional giant-sized contestants, weighing 225 to 350 pounds, exert their ponderous might and fighting skill to fell or thrust their opponents out of a circular ring in matches accompanied by traditional ceremony and atmosphere is proving more popular than ever. Attention in all other sports is overshadowed by SUMOO during the five annual 15-day grand tournaments (in January, May and September at Kuramae Kokugikan in Tokyo, and in March at the Osaka Prefectural Gymnasium, and in November in Fukuoka, Kyuushuu). Millions gather before television sets to share the thrills of the matches with the 16,000 who pack the arenas.JUUDOO. The sport of JUUDOO was created by Professor JIGOROO KANO and aimed at the building of strength of both body and spirit through practice of offensive and defensive art. It has made phenomenal strides in world-wide appeal. Today more than 850,000 students of the art, young and old of both sexes, as well as more than 100 foreigners train at Tokyo’s Kodokan Judo Institute, the mecca of Judoo. Together with preparatory and non-Kodokan students, the number of Japanese devotees swells to over two and a half million. The mounting international interest was crowned in May 1956 with the holding of the First World Championships in Tokyo. The Kodokan has “dan” and “kyuu” (grade and class systems) in which Judoo pupils and experts are ranked according to their skill and experience. “Dan” ranks above “kyuu”. There are ten “dans” with the lowest being the 1st “dan” and the highest the 10th “dan”. Of the “dan” holders those from 1st to 5th “dan” wear a black belt, those from 6th to 8th, a red and white striped belt and the 9th and 10th graders, a red belt. But those who hold the 6th “dan” or above may also use a black belt for convenience sake. “Kyuu” ranks below “dan”. There are five “kyuu”. The lowest is the 5th “kyuu” and the highest 1st “kyuu”. Those from the 3rd to 1st “kyuu” inclusive are to wear a brown belt, while those of the 4th and 5th “kyuu” wear a white belt.KENDOO. Fencing is an art as old as Japanese history. This art developed rapidly with the rise of the military class in the 12th century. With the introduction of modern military methods, fencing was almost forgotten for a time, but was revived later as an interesting kind of gymnastic exercise and as an aid to mental discipline, particularly among students and military officers. In fencing bouts each contestant wears a face guard, a plastron to cover the trunk, and gauntlets to protect the arms and hands. Swords made of four bamboo strips 4 feet 4 inches long, of which the leather-covered handles are one foot 3 inches long, are used instead of real swords, and are held by both hands, 5 inches apart. In making a slash, one aims at the face (front or side), the trunk, or the arms; in making a thrust, at the throat of one’s opponent. When either contestant is hit in any one of these places, he is considered beaten. A match consists of three contests, the winner of two of them being the victor.- の
- See Grammar Notes
- スポーツ
- sport
- と
- and (See Gram. Notes)
- が
- but (See Gram. Notes)
- ます
- trout
- か。
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- 古来
- from ancient time
- もの
- things (tangible)
- です
- to be (See Gram. Notes)
- ね。
- isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
- たとえば、
- for instance
- けん
- numerical counter for houses (See Gram. Notes)
- 道、
- road, street
- すもう、
- wrestling (See Cult. Notes)
- な
- I wish, I hope, huh
- は
- leaves
- でしょう
- probably (See Gram. Notes)
- し
- city
- 国技
- national sport
- いる
- to need (See Gram. Notes)
- 国
- country, nation
- を
- particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
- しょう
- award, reward
Professional and festival wrestling · Dialogue 2 of 4
An ancient sport
The speakers discuss the age and modern forms of sumo. *何千年も 前から あったものです* says that it existed thousands of years ago.
Professional sumo is *職業すもう* or *大すもう*. Amateurs also perform *しろうとすもう* and *みやずもう* at festivals.
Professional sumo
*すもう* is the Japanese style of wrestling. Contestants try to fell an opponent or thrust him out of a circular ring.
Traditional ceremony accompanies five annual grand tournaments. Each tournament lasts 15 days, and millions watch on television.
Kanji: 職, 球
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
Kanji: 野, 大
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 6
そうです。べいこくのやきゅうはべいこくのこくぎですね。
That’s right. American baseball is the national sport of the United States.
そうthat is rightです。is米国United Statesのof野球baseballはtopic米国United Statesのof国技national sportですisね。right? - 7
すもうはふるいスポーツですか。
Is Japanese wrestling an old sport?
すもうwrestlingはtopic古いoldスポーツsportですisか。question - 8
れきしてきにはなんぜんねんもまえからあったものです。ですから、いちばんふるいスポーツのひとつですね。
Historically it existed from over so many thousands of years ago. So, it is one of the oldest sports.
れきしhistory的historicalにhistoricallyはtopic何千thousands年yearsもmany前agoからfromあっexistedたpastものthingです。isですisから、because一番most古いoldスポーツsportsのof一oneつoneですisね。right? - 9
すもうといえば、みなしょくぎょうですか。
Speaking of Japanese wrestling, are they all professional?
すもうwrestlingとquote言えspeaking ofば、speaking ofみなall職業professionalですareか。question - 10
しんぶんなどにだいだいてきにでるのはしょくぎょうすもうで、たいていおおずもうといいます。ほかにもしろうとすもうとかみやずもうといって、しろうとがおまつりなどのときにやります。
Those that appear in newspapers on a gigantic scale are all professional wrestling, and usually call them annual wrestling matches. There are other wrestling matches such as, amateur wrestling and a wrestling tournament in honor of the tutelary god which are performed in time of festivals.
新聞newspapersなどand suchにin大大large scale的large scaleにon出るappearのonesはtopic職業professionalすもうwrestlingで、and大抵usually大professionalすもうwrestlingとquoteいいcallます。polite外besidesにamongもalsoしろうとamateurすもうwrestlingとandかsuch asみやfestivalずもうwrestlingとquote言っcalledて、calledしろうとamateursがsubjectおhonorableまつりfestivalsなどand suchのof時timeにatやりdoます。polite
- そう
- numerical counter for ships
- です。
- to be (See Gram. Notes)
- 野球
- baseball
- すもう
- wrestling (See Cult. Notes)
- 古い
- old, antique
- れきし
- history
- に
- on (See Gram. Notes)
- 年
- year (See Grammar Notes)
- 前
- before, front
- から
- from (See Gram. Notes)
- 一番
- number one (See Grammar Notes)
- 一
- one
- 職業
- occupation
- など
- and so forth, etc.
- 出る
- come out to the phone, go out, come out (vi)
- で、
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- いい
- good (See Gram. Notes)
- ます。
- trout
- しろうと
- amateur
- 時
- time
Judo, fencing and swimming · Dialogue 3 of 4
Judo around the world
*世界的に なったものは じゅう道より 外には ありません* says that judo alone among these sports became international.
Professor *JIGOROO KANO* created *じゅう道* to build strength of body and spirit through attack and defense.
Its center is the Kodokan Judo Institute in Tokyo. The First World Championships took place in Tokyo in May 1956.
Japanese fencing and swimming
*けん道は 外国には ふきゅうしていません* says that Japanese fencing has not spread abroad.
*けん道* developed with the military class in the 12th century. In fencing bouts, contestants wear protection and use swords made from bamboo strips.
*それは かたで、スピードの きょうそう というのでは ありません* describes traditional swimming as form rather than a speed contest.
- 11
じゅうどうはせかいてきになりましたね。
JUUDOO has become world-wide, hasn’t it?
じゅうjudo道judoはtopic世界world的worldwideにworldwideなりbecameましpoliteたpastね。right? - 12
そうです。にほんどくとくのスポーツで、せかいてきになったものはじゅうどうよりほかにはありません。けんどうはがいこくにはふきゅうしていません。
Yes, it has. Among the sports unique to Japan, there is no sport other than JUDOO that has become world-wide. Japanese fencing has not become popular in other countries.
そうthat is rightです。is日本Japan独特unique toのofスポーツsportsで、among世界world的worldwideにworldwideなっbecameたpastものoneはtopicじゅうjudo道judoよりthan外otherにamongはtopicありexistませnotん。notけんJapanese fencing道Japanese fencingはtopic外国foreign countriesにinはtopicふきゅうbecome widespreadしbecome widespreadてbecome widespreadいbecome widespreadませnotん。not - 13
にほんどくとくのすいえいというのはどんなものですか。
What sort of swimming is that which is unique to Japan?
日本Japan独特unique toのof水泳swimmingとquoteいうcalledのoneはtopicどんなwhat kindものthingですisか。question - 14
それはかたで、スピードのきょうそうというのではありません。
It is a style or form and it isn’t speed competition.
それthatはtopicかたformで、isスピードspeedのofきょうcompetitionそうcompetitionとquoteいうcalledのoneでcaseはtopicありisませnotん。not - 15
かたばかりなんですか。
Only form?
かたformばかりonlyなisんthe caseですisか。question
- 道
- road, street
- より
- than (See Gram. Notes)
- い
- stomach
- どんな
- what kind of; what sort of
- かた
- style; shape; model
- スピード
- speed
- ばかり
- about
Samurai swimming and horsemanship · Dialogue 4 of 4
Samurai skills as sports
*むかし さむらいが 戦争の 時 泳いで 川を わたったりした* describes samurai swimming across rivers during wars.
Those methods survive as swimming forms. *むかし さむらいの 間では 必要でしたから 皆 習ったのです* says every samurai learned horsemanship because it was necessary.
Horsemanship for recreation is recent. These old skills now remain as pure sports.
Kanji: 目, 馬
New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.
- 16
いいえ、じつようてきというのがもくてきで、むかしさむらいがせんそうのときおよいでかわをわたったりしたのがかたになっていまにのこっているのです。
No, its purpose is the practicality and the warriors swam across the rivers during the wars in the olden days and that is remaining even at present as swimming forms.
いいえ、no実用practical的practicalとquoteいうcalledのoneがsubject目的purposeで、isむかしlong agoさむらいwarriorsがsubject戦争warのof時time泳いswamでand川riverをobjectわたっcrossedたりamong other thingsしdidたpastのwhatがsubjectかたformにintoなっbecameてbecame今presentにtoのこっremainsてremainsいるremainsのthe factです。is - 17
ばじゅつなどはあたらしいのですか。
Is horsemanship something new?
馬horsemanshipじゅhorsemanshipつhorsemanshipなどand suchはtopic新しいnewのoneですisか。question - 18
いいえ、むかしさむらいのあいだではひつようでしたからみなならったのです。こんにちのようにごらくとしてのばじゅつはごくさいきんのものです。
No, it was necessary for warriors in the olden days, so all the warriors learned it. Horsemanship as a pleasure like today is a very recent development.
いいえ、noむかしlong agoさむらいwarriorsのamong間amongでamongはtopic必要necessaryでしwasたpastからbecause皆all習っlearnedたpastのthe factです。is今日todayのof様wayにlikeごらくrecreationとasしdoてasのof馬horsemanshipじゅhorsemanshipつhorsemanshipはtopicごくveryさいrecent近recentのofものdevelopmentです。is - 19
では、それらはゆみなどとおなじようにふるいものですね。
Then, those are something antique like a bow and arrow, isn’t that so?
でthenは、thenそれthoseらthoseはtopicゆみarcheryなどand suchとwith同じsame様wayにin古いoldものthingsですareね。right? - 20
そうです。それがいまではじゅんすいなスポーツとしてのこっているのです。
Yes, that’s right. They are remaining today as pure sports.
そうthat is rightです。isそれthoseがsubject今todayでinはtopicじゅんすいpureなpureスポーツsportsとasしremainてremainのこっremainてremainいるremainのthe factです。is
- 目的
- aim; objective
- むかし
- ancient, old
- さむらい
- warrior, SAMURAI
- 川
- river
- 馬
- horse
- 今日
- today
- ごらく
- amusement, recreation
- ごく
- very
- ゆみ
- bow; archery
Nothing except specified choices · Perception drill
Only the named choice
*ジョンズさんは ビールより外には 何も 飲まないんだ* means "Mr. Jones drinks nothing other than beer."
The noun before *より外には* names the exception. A negative verb excludes every other choice.
Things, people, and actions
After a noun or pronoun, *より外には* with *ない* means "there is nothing other than" the named choice.
A living subject takes *居ない*. *日本の 新聞が 読めるのは パーカーさん より外には 居ないだろう* says that probably no one except Mr. Parker can read a Japanese newspaper.
Another negative verb can replace *ない*. *何も* may come before that verb.
- 21
A.このみせにはにほんのざっしよりほかにはない。B.このがっこうにはおとこのせいとよりほかにはいない。C.はえいごよりほかにははなせない。
There is nothing other than Japanese magazines at this store.
A.example Aこのthis店storeにatはtopic日本Japanのofざっしmagazinesよりthan外otherにatはtopicない。do not existB.example Bこのthis学校schoolにatはtopic男maleのof生徒studentsよりthan外otherにatはtopic居existない。notC.example Cはtopic英語Englishよりthan外otherにinはtopic話せcan speakない。not - 22
このへやのせいとはにほんのしんぶんがよめるだろうか。
There are no students except men students at this school.
このthisへやroomのof生徒studentsはtopic日本Japanのof新聞newspaperがobject読めるcan readだろうprobablyか。question - 23
そうだね。にほんのしんぶんがよめるのはパーカーさんよりほかにはいないだろう。
I can’t speak anything other than English.
そうthat seems soだisね。right?日本Japanのof新聞newspaperがobject読めるcan readのonesはtopicパーカーParkerさんMr.よりthan外otherにamongはtopic居existないnotだろう。probably - 24
きみはにくはなんでもたべるのかね。
Do you think the students in this room can read a Japanese newspaper?
君youはtopic肉meatはtopic何anyでkindもat all食べるeatのthe factかquestionね。right? - 25
ぼくがたべるのはぎゅうにくとぶたにくよりほかにはないんだ。
Well, I suppose there is no one other than Mr. Parker who can read a Japanese newspaper.
僕Iがsubject食べるeatのonesはtopic牛肉beefとandぶた肉porkよりthan外otherにamongはtopicないdo not existんthe factだ。is - 26
ジョンズさんはさけがのめるだろうか。
Do you eat any kinds of meat?
ジョンズJonesさんMr.はtopic酒alcoholがobject飲めるcan drinkだろうprobablyか。question - 27
いいえ、ジョンズさんはビールよりほかにはなにものまないんだ。
As for the meat that I eat, there is nothing other than beef and pork.
いいえ、noジョンズJonesさんMr.はtopicビールbeerよりthan外otherにamongはtopic何anythingもat all飲まdrinkないnotんthe factだ。is - 28
きみはどんなうんどうをするのかね。
Mr. Jones can drink, can’t he?
君youはtopicどんなwhat kind運動sportsをobjectするdoのthe factかquestionね。right? - 29
ゴルフだけだ。ゴルフよりほかにはなにもやらない。
No, Mr. Jones doesn’t drink anything except beer.
ゴルフgolfだけonlyだ。isゴルフgolfよりthan外otherにamongはtopic何anythingもat allやらplayない。not - 30
きみはがいこくごができるのか。
What kind of sports do you do?
君youはtopic外国foreign語languagesがobject出来るcan speakのthe factか。question - 31
にほんごだけだ。にほんごよりほかにははなせないんだ。
Only golf. I don’t play anything other than golf.
日本Japan語Japanese languageだけonlyだ。is日本Japan語Japanese languageよりthan外otherにamongはtopic話せcan speakないnotんthe factだ。is
- 店
- store, shop
- 男
- male
- へや
- room
- だ
- to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
- 君
- suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)
- 肉
- meat, flesh
- で
- --is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
- 僕
- I (see notes)
- 牛肉
- beef
- ぶた肉
- pork
- 酒
- Sake, rice wine
- ビール
- beer
- ゴルフ
- golf
- だけ
- only, just (See Grammar Notes)
- 出来る
- to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)
Saying only and nothing else · Pattern 1 1 of 3
The only named thing
*私が食べられる物は やさいより外には ない* means "The only thing I can eat is vegetables."
The *より外には* pattern places the named thing before the negative predicate.
The only person or action
*日本語が出来るのは スミスさんより外には 居ない* uses *居ない* because the exception is a person.
*僕は この町では ジョンズさんより外には だれも 知らない* uses *だれも 知らない* to exclude every other person.
- 32
A.にほんどくとくのスポーツでせかいてきになったものはじゅうどうよりほかにはありません。B.けんどうができるのはたなかさんよりほかにはいません。C.わたくしはこのごろぎゅうにゅうよりほかにはなにものみません。
A. Of the sports unique to Japan, judo is the only one that has become international. B. Mr. Tanaka is the only person who can do kendo. C. These days, I drink nothing but milk.
A.example A日本Japan独特unique toのofスポーツsportsでamong世界world的worldwideにworldwideなっbecameたpastものonesはtopicじゅうjudo道judoよりthan外otherにamongはtopicありexistませnotん。notB.example BけんJapanese fencing道Japanese fencingがsubject出来るcan doのoneはtopic田中TanakaさんMr.よりthan外otherにamongはtopic居existませnotん。notC.example C私Iはtopicこのごろthese days牛にゅうmilkよりthan外otherにamongはtopic何anythingもat all飲みdrinkませnotん。not - 33
わたくしがたべられるものはやさいよりほかにはない。
The only thing I can eat is vegetables.
私Iがsubject食べeatられるcan eat物thingsはtopicやさいvegetablesよりthan外otherにamongはtopicない。do not exist - 34
にほんごができるのはスミスさんよりほかにはいない。
Mr. Smith is the only person who can speak Japanese.
日本Japan語Japanese languageがobject出来るcan speakのoneはtopicスミスSmithさんMr.よりthan外otherにamongはtopic居existない。not - 35
このまちにはにほんのみせはしょくりょうひんてんよりほかにはない。
The only Japanese store in this town is a grocery store.
このthis町townにinはtopic日本Japanのof店storeはtopic食料grocery store品grocery store店grocery storeよりthan外otherにamongはtopicない。do not exist - 36
しなごにはかんじよりほかにはない。
Chinese has no writing other than Chinese characters.
しなChinese語Chinese languageにinはtopicかん字Chinese charactersよりthan外otherにamongはtopicない。do not exist - 37
たむらさんはにほんりょうりよりほかにはたべない。
Mr. Tamura eats nothing but Japanese food.
田村TamuraさんMr.はtopic日本Japanese料理foodよりthan外otherにamongはtopic食べeatない。not - 38
パーカーさんはえいごよりほかにははなせない。
Mr. Parker cannot speak anything but English.
パーカーParkerさんMr.はtopic英語Englishよりthan外otherにamongはtopic話せcan speakない。not - 39
ぼくはこのまちではジョンズさんよりほかにはだれもしらない。
Mr. Jones is the only person I know in this town.
僕Iはtopicこのthis町townでinはtopicジョンズJonesさんMr.よりthan外otherにamongはtopicだれanyoneもat all知らknowない。not
- 牛にゅう
- milk
- やさい
- vegetable
- 町
- town
- 品
- quality, goods
- だれ
- who?
Limited colours, drinks and writing · Pattern 1 2 of 3
One kind of writing
*しな語には かん字より 外には ないんだ* means "Chinese has nothing other than Chinese characters."
The named kind of writing comes before *より 外には*. The negative ending excludes other kinds.
One or several choices
*黒いのと 茶色の 外には 御ざいません* names two choices, black ones and brown ones.
*牛にゅうの 外には まだ何も 飲めないのです* names only milk. *何も 飲めない* excludes every other drink.
- 40
ぼくはさくばんかんじよりほかにはなにもべんきょうしなかった。
Last night I studied nothing but Chinese characters.
僕Iはtopic昨晩last nightかん字Chinese charactersよりthan外otherにamongはtopic何anythingもat all勉強studyしdoなかっnotた。past - 41
しなごにもひらがながあるのかね。
Does Chinese have hiragana too?
しなChinese語Chinese languageにinもalsoひらがなhiraganaがsubjectあるexistsのthe factかquestionね。right? - 42
いいえ、しなごにはかんじよりほかにはないんだ。
No, Chinese has nothing but Chinese characters.
いいえ、noしなChinese語Chinese languageにinはtopicかん字Chinese charactersよりthan外otherにamongはtopicないdo not existんthe factだ。is - 43
しろいくつがほしいんだが、あるかね。
I want some white shoes; do you have any?
白white shoesいくwhite shoesつwhite shoesがsubjectほしいwantんthe factだisが、butあるexistかquestionね。right? - 44
しろいのはあいにくみなうりきれています。いまのところくろいのとちゃいろのほかにはございません。
Unfortunately, all the white ones are sold out. At present, we have only black and brown ones.
白いwhiteのonesはtopicあいにくunfortunately皆all売り切れsold outてsold outいsold outます。sold out今nowのofところpresent黒いblackのonesとand茶色brownのones外other thanにamongはtopic御existざexistいexistませnotん。not - 45
ながいあいだごびょうきだったそうですが、もうおさけがのめるようになりましたか。
I hear you were ill for a long time; are you able to drink alcohol now?
長いlong間time御honorable病気illnessだっwasたpastそうI hearですisが、butもうnowおhonorable酒alcoholがobject飲めるcan drinkようable toにtoなりbecameましpoliteたpastか。question - 46
いいえ、ぎゅうにゅうのほかにはまだなにものめないのです。
No, I still cannot drink anything but milk.
いいえ、no牛にゅうmilkのof外other thanにamongはtopicまだstill何anythingもat all飲めcan drinkないnotのthe factです。is - 47
きみはたばこをやめたのか。
Have you given up smoking?
君youはtopicたばこcigarettesをobjectやめquitたpastのthe factか。question
- ひらがな
- HIRAGANA syllabary
- ある
- certain, some
- か
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- だ。
- to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
- ほしい
- want, wish (See Grammar Notes)
- あいにく
- unfortunately
- ところ
- place (See Gram. Notes)
- もう
- already (See Gram. Notes)
- よう
- get intoxicated; get drunk; get seasick (v.i.)
- まだ
- yet, still
- たばこ
- tobacco, cigarette
Asking about limited choices · Pattern 1 3 of 3
A question about choices
*君の 学校では ロシヤ語を 教えているのか* asks whether the school teaches Russian.
The answer can identify the languages that the school teaches and exclude all others.
The available languages
*フランス語と スペイン語の 外には 教えていないよ* means "They teach only French and Spanish."
One or more choices come before *外には*. The negative verb then excludes every unnamed choice.
- 48
うん、はまきよりほかにはのまないことにした。
Yes, I have decided not to smoke anything but cigars.
うん、yes葉cigarsまきcigarsよりthan外otherにamongはtopicのまsmokeないnot事decisionにtoしdecidedた。past - 49
きみのがっこうではロシヤごをおしえているのか。
Do they teach Russian at your school?
君youのof学校schoolでatはtopicロシヤRussian語Russian languageをobject教えteachてteachいるteachのthe factか。question - 50
いや、フランスごとスペインごのほかにはおしえていないよ。
No, they teach only French and Spanish.
いや、noフランスFrench語French languageとandスペインSpanish語Spanish languageのof外other thanにamongはtopic教えteachてteachいteachないnotよ。I tell you - 51
あなたはがいこくごができますか。
Can you speak any foreign languages?
あなたyouはtopic外国foreign language語foreign languageがsubject出来can speakますpoliteか。question - 52
あなたはやさいはなんでもたべますか。
Do you eat all kinds of vegetables?
あなたyouはtopicやさいvegetablesはtopic何all kindsでall kindsもall kinds食べeatますpoliteか。question - 53
しなごにはかんじもひらがなもありますか。
Does Chinese have both Chinese characters and hiragana?
しなChinese語Chineseにinはtopicかん字Chinese charactersもalsoひらがなhiraganaもalsoありexistますpoliteか。question - 54
にほんどくとくのスポーツでせかいてきになっているスポーツがたくさんありますか。
Are there many sports unique to Japan that have become international?
日本Japan独特uniqueのofスポーツsportsでamong世界international的internationalにinternationallyなっhave becomeてhave becomeいるhave becomeスポーツsportsがsubject沢山manyありexistますpoliteか。question - 55
あなたのきょうしつにはがいこくじんのせいとがいますか。
Are there any foreign students in your classroom?
あなたyouの's教室classroomにinはtopic外国foreign人foreignのforeign生徒studentsがsubject居are presentますpoliteか。question
- うん、
- Yes, all right.
- いや、
- no
- 人
- people
Traditional sports and wrestling · Reading Selection 1 of 2
Sumo and judo
The questions cover Japan's representative sports, the age and forms of sumo, and judo's international reach.
*今日の すもうは 皆 職業すもうですか* means "Is all sumo today professional sumo?" An answer distinguishes professional sumo from amateur and festival forms.
*日本独特の スポーツで 世界的になったものは何ですか* asks which sport became international. The answer names judo.
- 56
にほんどくとくのスポーツでだいひょうてきなものはなんですか。
What are the representative sports unique to Japan?
日本Japan独特uniqueのofスポーツsportsでamong代表representative的representativeなrepresentativeものonesはtopic何whatですareか。question - 57
すもうはあたらしいスポーツですか。
Is sumo a new sport?
すもうsumoはtopic新しいnewスポーツsportですisか。question - 58
こんにちのすもうはみなしょくぎょうすもうですか。
Is all sumo today professional sumo?
今日todayのofすもうsumoはtopic皆all職業professional sumoすもうprofessional sumoですisか。question - 59
しろうとすもうはどんなときにやりますか。
On what occasions is amateur sumo performed?
しろうとamateur sumoすもうamateur sumoはtopicどんなwhat kind of時occasionsにonやりperformedますpoliteか。question - 60
にほんどくとくのスポーツでせかいてきになったものはなんですか。
Which sport unique to Japan has become international?
日本Japan独特uniqueのofスポーツsportsでamong世界international的internationalにinternationallyなっbecameたpastものoneはtopic何whatですisか。question
Judo, swimming and horsemanship · Reading Selection 2 of 2
International and traditional sports
The questions contrast judo's international popularity with kendo's limited spread abroad.
*日本独特の 水泳と言うのは どんなものですか* asks what traditional Japanese swimming is like. The answer describes set forms rather than speed competition.
The final questions ask when horsemanship became a sport and who learned it in the past.
- 61
じゅうどうはにほんばかりでなく、どこでさかんですか。
Besides Japan, where is judo popular?
じゅうjudo道judoはtopic日本Japanばかりonlyでisなく、notどこwhereでinさかんpopularですisか。question - 62
にほんのけんどうはがいこくにふきゅうしていますか。
Has Japanese kendo spread to foreign countries?
日本Japanのofけんkendo道kendoはtopic外国foreign countriesにtoふきゅうhas spreadしhas spreadてhas spreadいhas spreadますpoliteか。question - 63
にほんどくとくのすいえいというのはどんなものですか。
What is the swimming unique to Japan like?
日本Japan独特uniqueのof水泳swimmingとquote言うcalledのoneはtopicどんなwhat kind ofものthingですisか。question - 64
スポーツとしてのばじゅつはむかしからありましたか。
Has horsemanship as a sport existed since ancient times?
スポーツsportとasしdoてandのof馬horsemanshipじゅhorsemanshipつhorsemanshipはtopicむかしancient timesからsinceありexistedましpoliteたpastか。question - 65
にほんではばじゅつはだれがならっていましたか。
Who used to learn horsemanship in Japan?
日本Japanでinはtopic馬horsemanshipじゅhorsemanshipつhorsemanshipはtopicだれwhoがsubject習っused to learnてused to learnいused to learnましused to learnたused to learnか。question
- 言う
- to say
History of Japanese sports · Questions
A history of Japanese sports
The narration covers sumo, judo, kendo, swimming, and horsemanship from their origins to their modern forms.
*日本 独特の スポーツで、世界的に なったものは、じゅう道より外にはない* says judo alone among these sports became international.
Sumo has professional and festival forms. Samurai swimming and horsemanship remain as sports, while kendo has not spread abroad.
- 66
にほんどくとくのスポーツでだいひょうてきなものはじゅうどう、けんどう、すもう、すいえいなどある。すもうはにほんこらいのふるいスポーツで、れきしてきにはなんぜんねんもまえからあったものだ。こんにち、すもうといえばたいていしょくぎょうすもうで、おおすもうという。もちろん、しろうとすもうとか、みやずもうといって、しろうとがおまつりなどのときにやるのもある。にほんどくとくのスポーツで、せかいてきになったものは、じゅうどうよりほかにはない。こんにちではじゅうどうはにほんばかりでなく、べいこく、フランス、スエーデンなどでもさかんである。にほんのけんどうはがいこくにはふきゅうしていない。にほんどくとくのすいえいというのはただかたで、スピードのきょうそうではない。むかし、さむらいがせんそうのときおよいでかわをわたったりしたのが、かたになってこんにちのこっているのである。スポーツとしてのばじゅつはごくさいきんのもので、むかしはさむらいのあいだではひつようなもので、さむらいはみなこれをならわねばならなかった。
Representative sports unique to Japan include judo, kendo, sumo, and swimming. Sumo is an ancient sport of Japan and, historically, has existed for thousands of years. Today, when people speak of sumo, they usually mean professional sumo, which is called grand sumo. Of course, there is also amateur sumo, or shrine sumo, performed by amateurs at festivals and similar occasions. Of the sports unique to Japan, judo is the only one that has become international. Today, judo is popular not only in Japan but also in the United States, France, Sweden, and other countries. Japanese kendo has not spread to foreign countries. The swimming unique to Japan consists only of set forms and is not a contest of speed. Long ago, samurai swam across rivers during wars, and those methods became set forms that remain today. Horsemanship as a sport is quite recent, but in the past it was essential among the samurai, and every samurai had to learn it.
日本Japan独特uniqueのofスポーツsportsでamong代表representative的representativeなrepresentativeものonesはtopicじゅうjudo道、judoけんkendo道、kendoすもう、sumo水泳swimmingなどetc.ある。includeすもうsumoはtopic日本Japan古来from ancient timesのof古いancientスポーツsportで、isれきしhistorically的historicallyにhistoricallyはtopic何千thousands年yearsもas many as前agoからsinceあっexistedたpastものoneだ。is今日、todayすもうsumoとquote言えsayばwhen大抵usually職業professional sumoすもうprofessional sumoで、is大grand sumoすもうgrand sumoとquote言う。is calledもちろん、of courseしろうとamateur sumoすもうamateur sumoとorか、orみやshrine sumoずもうshrine sumoとquote言っcalledて、calledしろうとamateursがsubjectおfestivalsまつりfestivalsなどand similar occasionsのof時timesにatやるperformのoneもalsoある。exists日本Japan独特uniqueのofスポーツsportsで、among世界international的internationalにinternationallyなっbecameたpastものoneは、topicじゅうjudo道judoよりbesides外otherにthanはtopicない。none今日todayでatはtopicじゅうjudo道judoはtopic日本Japanばかりonlyでisなく、not米国、United Statesフランス、FranceスエーデンSwedenなどand other countriesでinもalsoさかんpopularでisある。is日本Japanのofけんkendo道kendoはtopic外国foreign countriesにtoはtopicふきゅうhas not spreadしhas not spreadてhas not spreadいhas not spreadない。has not spread日本Japan独特uniqueのof水泳swimmingとquote言うcalledのoneはtopicただonlyかたset formsで、isスピードspeedのofきょうcontestそうcontestでisはtopicない。notむかし、long agoさむらいsamuraiがsubject戦争warsのof時during泳いswamでswam川riversをobjectわたっcrossedたりsuch asしdidたpastのthisが、subjectかたset formsにintoなっbecameてbecame今日todayのこっremainてremainいるremainのoneでisある。isスポーツsportとasしdoてandのof馬horsemanshipじゅhorsemanshipつhorsemanshipはtopicごくquiteさいrecent近recentのofものthingで、isむかしpastはtopicさむらいsamuraiのof間amongでamongはtopic必要essentialなessentialものthingで、wasさむらいsamuraiはtopic皆everyこれitをobject習わlearnねhad toばhad toならhad toなかっhad toた。past
- ある。
- certain, some
- 今日、
- today
- 言う。
- to say
- もちろん、
- of course, to be sure
- か、
- either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
- やる
- to do
- ただ
- merely
- むかし、
- ancient, old
- ね
- isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
- なら
- if it is (See Gram. Notes)
Traditional Japanese sports words · Word list 1 of 3
Traditional and national sports
The vocabulary names traditional sports and their place in Japan. *けん道* is "Japanese fencing".
*代表的な* means "representative". *国技* means "national sport".
- 67
スポーツ
sport
スポーツsport - 68
どくとくの
special; peculiar to
独特のunique to - 69
こらい
from ancient time
古来from ancient times - 70
けんどう
Japanese fencing (See Cult. Notes)
けん道Japanese fencing - 71
じゅうどう
judo (See Cult. Note)
じゅう道judo - 72
すもう
wrestling (See Cult. Notes)
すもうwrestling - 73
だいひょうてきな
representative (adj)
代表的なrepresentative - 74
こくぎ
national sport
国技national sport - 75
しょうちょうする
symbolize (v.t.)
しょうちょうするsymbolize - 76
やきゅう
baseball
野球baseball
- 独特の
- special; peculiar to
- けん道
- Japanese fencing (See Cult. Notes)
- じゅう道
- judo (See Cult. Note)
- 代表的な
- representative (adj)
- しょうちょうする
- symbolize (v.t.)
Professional and amateur wrestling words · Word list 2 of 3
Forms of sumo
The vocabulary distinguishes forms of wrestling and includes a word for international reach.
*職業すもう* means "professional wrestling". *しろうとすもう* means "amateur wrestling".
*みやずもう* is "wrestling at a festival".
- 77
なんぜんねんもまえ
thousands of years ago
何千年も前thousands of years ago - 78
しょくぎょう
occupation
職業occupation - 79
だいだいてきに
in a big way; on a large scale
大大的にon a large scale - 80
しょくぎょうすもう
professional wrestling
職業すもうprofessional wrestling - 81
おおすもう
professional wrestling
大すもうprofessional wrestling - 82
しろうとすもう
amateur wrestling
しろうとすもうamateur wrestling - 83
しろうと
amateur
しろうとamateur - 84
みやずもう
wrestling at a festival
みやずもうfestival wrestling - 85
おまつり
festival
おまつりfestival - 86
せかいてき
world-wide
世界的worldwide
- 何千年も前
- thousands of years ago
- 大大的に
- in a big way; on a large scale
- 職業すもう
- professional wrestling
- 大すもう
- professional wrestling
- しろうとすもう
- amateur wrestling
- みやずもう
- wrestling at a festival
- おまつり
- festival
- 世界的
- world-wide
Speed, purpose and horsemanship words · Word list 3 of 3
Purpose and traditional skills
The vocabulary covers spread, speed, practical purpose, horsemanship, archery, and an expression for excluding every other choice.
*実用的* means "practical". *馬じゅつ* means "horsemanship".
*--より外にはない* means "there is nothing other than" the named choice.
- 87
ふきゅうする
spread; propagate; diffuse (v.i.)
ふきゅうするspread - 88
スピード
speed
スピードspeed - 89
じつようてき
practical
実用的practical - 90
もくてき
aim; objective
目的objective - 91
いまに
even now
今にeven now - 92
ばじゅつ
horsemanship
馬じゅつhorsemanship - 93
ゆみ
bow; archery
ゆみbow - 94
じゅんすいの
pure
じゅんすいのpure - 95
--よりほかにはない
there is nothing other than --- (See Gram. Notes)
--より外にはないnothing other than
Guide for Free Conversation
1a Talk about sports unique to Japan.
1b Talk about sports unique to the United States.
1c Talk about popular sports in Japan and also in the United States.
1d Talk about professional sports.
2a Look at the pictures on Pages 258 to 260 and talk about them.Homework
1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.
2 Study Grammar Perception Drill.
3 Study Pattern Practice and do the exercise given following each pattern.
4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.
5 Read the Explanatory Notes.
6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given.- ふきゅうする
- spread; propagate; diffuse (v.i.)
- 実用的
- practical
- 今に
- even now
- 馬じゅつ
- horsemanship
- じゅんすいの
- pure
- --より外にはない
- there is nothing other than --- (See Gram. Notes)
The particulars
- The course
- Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours.
- Reading aloud
- Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
- The book
- Botchan, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents