Japanese Basic Course 1732 Studios

Japanese · Lesson 92

Lesson 94

Reading Japan

117 lines

Ear, news and debt expressions · Dialogue 1 of 4

What ears and necks express

Two speakers compare Japanese expressions built from parts of the body. *耳にはいる* means "to hear," while *耳が 遠い* means "one is hard of hearing."

They also discuss *耳よりの 話*, "welcome news," and *首が 回らない*, which describes someone immobilized by debt.

Kanji:

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 1

    「みみにする」はきくといういみですね。ほかにもなにかおもしろいいいまわしがありますか。

    An expression “MIMI NI SURU” means “to hear”, doesn’t it? Are there any other interesting expressions?

    「耳ear
    にto
    する」do
    はtopic
    聞くhear
    とquote
    言うsay
    意味meaning
    ですis
    ね。right?
    外other
    にamong
    もalso
    何what
    かsome
    面白いinteresting
    言い回しexpression
    がsubject
    ありexist
    ますpolite
    か。question
  2. 2

    おなじいみで、「みみにはいる」がありますが、おもしろいのは「みみがとおい」といういいまわしで、これはみみがよくきこえないといういみです。

    There is an expression “MIMI NI HAIRU” in the same sense, but an interesting expression is “MIMI GA TOOI” and this means that “one is hard of hearing.

  3. 3

    「みみよりのはなし」もいいですね。なぜ「こうつごうで、ききのがしたくないはなし」といういみになるのかしりませんが、なんだかにほんじんのひょうげんらしいあじがあります。

    MIMI YORI NO HANASHI” is good too, isn’t it? I don’t know why it means “the news which is favorable and you don’t want to overlook,” but somehow it has a flavor of a Japanese expression.

  4. 4

    はっきりしないところにあじがあるんですか。

    Do you mean to tell me that the lack of exactness has the significance?

  5. 5

    そうおもいませんか。「くびがまわらない」もしゃっきんがおおくて、どうすることもできないいみでしょう。

    Don’t you think so? An expression “KUBI GA MAWARANAI”, too, means that one has so many debts and can’t do anything, isn’t that right?

  6. 6

    そうですね。

    You are right.

---TO WA KAGIRANAI or ---TO MO KAGIRANAI. Following nouns and the basic form (dictionary form) of i-adjectives, verbs, and inflected suffixes, TO WA KAGIRANAI expresses the meaning of “It does not mean ---”, “not necessarily ---”, or “It does not follow that.” When following negative expressions, TO MO KAGIRANAI is preferred. Examples: NIHON NO SHINAMONO WA MINNA YASUI TO WA KAGIRANAI. “It doesn’t necessarily mean that Japanese goods are all cheap.” NIHONJIN WA MINNA CHIISAI TO WA KAGIRANAI. “It does not follow that all the Japanese are small”. ANO HITO WA ITSUMO ASONDE IRU TO WA KAGIRANAI. “It does not mean that he is always fooling around.” SONNA KOTO GA NAI TO MO KAGIRANAI. “It does not mean that such a thing will not happen” or “It is not impossible.” HONTOO DE NAI TO MO KAGIRIMASEN. “It does not mean that it isn’t true.”
---SHIKI. Following nouns SHIKI expresses the meaning of “--- style”, “type”, “fashion”, etc. Words thus formed are compound nouns. Examples: NIHONSHIKI — “Japanese style”; BEIKOKUSHIKI — “American style”; SEIYOOSHIKI HOTERU — “a hotel on the European plan”; TANAKASHIKI — “Tanaka’s way of doing things”; GENDAISHIKI — “modern type”.
に
on (See Gram. Notes)
は
leaves
と
and (See Gram. Notes)
言う
to say
です
to be (See Gram. Notes)
ね。
isn't it (See Grammar Notes)
か
either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
が
but (See Gram. Notes)
ます
trout
で、
--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
はいる」
to enter, to go in
の
See Grammar Notes
遠い」
far
よく
well, skillfully
話」
story, talk
いい
good (See Gram. Notes)
なぜ
why?
だ
to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)
人
people
表現
expression
はっきり
clearly
し
city
ところ
place (See Gram. Notes)
ある
certain, some
そう
numerical counter for ships
「首
neck, head
借金
debt (monetary)
多く
many of them
でしょう。
probably (See Gram. Notes)

Belly and chest expressions · Dialogue 2 of 4

Belly and chest expressions

The speakers compare more body expressions. *腹が 立つ* means "get angry," *腹がへる* means "be hungry," and *むねがやける* means "have heartburn."

Some of these expressions do not make sense when translated word for word.

The suffix for style

In *西洋式に 考えても*, *西洋式* means "the Western way."

The suffix *式* follows a noun and means "style," "type," or "fashion." It forms a compound noun.

Kanji: 屈, 式

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 7

    でも、りくつはどうであるかしりませんが、せいようしきにかんがえても、そんないみになりそうなきがするんです。

    But, I don’t know what the logic involved is but even if you think of it in Western ways I have a feeling it is going to mean the same.

  2. 8

    なるほど。

    I see.

  3. 9

    「くびにする」はにほんのれきしをべんきょうしたひとにはすぐわかりますが、「はらがくろい」などりくつにあいませんね。

    An expression “KUBI NI SURU” is readily understandable for those who studied Japanese history, but such an expression like “HARA GA KUROI” doesn’t make sense.

  4. 10

    「はらがたつ」もそのいっしゅですね。

    HARA GA TATSU” is also that type of expression, isn’t it?

  5. 11

    そうです。「はらがへる」などはわかりやすいです。

    That’s right. Such an expression like “HARA GA HERU” is easily understood.

  6. 12

    どのくにのことばにもこうしたひょうげんがおおいですね。「むねがやける」もえいごにすると、へんではないですか。

    There are many such expressions in any language, aren’t there? Isn’t the expression “MUNE GA YAKERU” also funny when translated into English?

で
--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)
理屈
reason; pretext; argument
が、
but (See Gram. Notes)
西洋
occident, the West
な
I wish, I hope, huh
です。
to be (See Gram. Notes)
なるほど。
I see, indeed, to be sure
れきし
history
を
particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)
すぐ
right away, immediately
「腹
abdomen; belly, stomach
など
and so forth, etc.
一種
a kind of; a sort of
へる」
to decrease
やすい
cheap
どの
which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)
国
country, nation
やける」
burn (v.i.)
と、
and (See Gram. Notes)
変
odd; strange, queer

Translating expressions about hands · Dialogue 3 of 4

Expressions about hands

The speakers find that some hand expressions translate directly. *手をかす* is "to lend a hand," and *手を借りる* is "to ask for a helping hand."

Other expressions have more than one meaning, including *手が長い* and *手を出す*.

A possibility remains

Customs differ, so *問題を おこす 事が ないとも 限りません* says that a misunderstanding might cause trouble.

In this line, *ないとも 限りません* leaves trouble as a possibility.

Kanji: 直, 慣, 限

New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes.

  1. 13

    そうです。えいごでは「しんぞうがやける」ですか、にほんごにすると、なんのことやらわかりませんね。

    That’s right. In English it’s “Heart-burn” but if you translate it in Japanese you don’t know what it means.

  2. 14

    ちょくやくはできませんね。

    You can’t make a direct translation.

  3. 15

    ところがてにかんするいいまわしのばあいにはちょくやくできますね。

    However, in the case of expressions related to hands, you can make direct translations.

  4. 16

    てのばあいにはそれがふしぎにおおいですね。「てをかす」、「てがたりない」、「てをかりる」などね。

    In the case of hands, strangely enough there are many expressions like “to lend a hand”, “short of hands”, “to ask for a helping hand”, etc.

  5. 17

    でも、ふうぞくやしゅうかんがちがうのですから、とんだかんちがいでもんだいをおこすことがないともかぎりませんね。

    But, since customs and habits are different, it is possible to give rise to troubles because of terrible misunderstandings, isn’t that right?

  6. 18

    そうです。「てがながい」、「てをだす」などにはいみがひとつだけでないから、つかいかたにちゅういしなければなりません。

    You are right. Since such expressions like “TE GA NAGAI” and “TE O DASU” have more than one meaning, you must be careful about usage.

「心ぞう
heart
か、
either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
直訳
direct translation; word for word translation
かす」、
to rent, loan
風俗
custom
や
and---among others (See Gram. Notes)
から、
from (See Gram. Notes)
とんだ
terrible; horrible
感違い
misunderstanding; misinterpretation
おこす
give rise; cause (v.t.)
出す」
to mail, send, take out
一
one
だけ
only, just (See Grammar Notes)

Describing unmanageable children · Dialogue 4 of 4

Children beyond control

The conversation ends with two expressions about unmanageable children. *家の 子供には 手もつけられない* means that the children are unmanageable.

*手に 合わない 子* also describes a child who is uncontrollable.

  1. 19

    「いえのこどもにはてもつけられない」などもよいいいまわしです。

    Such an expression like “Our children are unmanageable” is a good expression.

  2. 20

    てにあわないこがいますね。

    There are children who get out of hand, aren’t there?

  3. 21

    きょうはたいへんゆかいなべんきょうでした。ありがとうございました。

    It was a very delightful study today. Thank you very much.

  4. 22

    どういたしまして。またいらっしゃってください。

    Not at all. Please come again.

「家
house, home
よい
good (See Gram. Notes)
今日
today
い
stomach
ください。
please give me (See Gram. Notes)

Not necessarily true · Perception drill

A claim is not necessary

*ねだんの高い品物は いい とは 限らない* means "Expensive goods are not necessarily good."

Here, *とは 限らない* rejects the claim that a high price necessarily means good quality.

A negative leaves room

*とは 限らない* follows a noun, an I-adjective, or a verb in the dictionary form. It means "not necessarily" or "it does not follow that."

After a negative expression, *とも 限らない* is preferred. *そんな事が ない とも 限りません* means "It is not impossible that such a thing happens."

  1. 23

    A.ねだんのたかいしなものはいいとはかぎらない。B.からだのおおきいひとはたくさんたべるとはかぎらない。C.そんなことがないともかぎりません。

    Expensive goods are not necessarily good.

  2. 24

    べいこくはかねもちのくにだね。

    A person with a big body does not necessarily eat a lot.

  3. 25

    うん、しかし、べいこくじんがみなかねもちだとはかぎらないよ。

    It does not mean that such a thing will not happen.

  4. 26

    このみせのしなものはたかいね。

    The United States is a rich country, isn’t it?

  5. 27

    うん、たかいね。しかし、たかいからいいとはかぎらないよ。

    Yes, but all the American people are not necessarily rich.

  6. 28

    パーカーさんはよくたべるが、なかなかおおきくならないね。

    Things at this store are expensive, aren’t they?

  7. 29

    たくさんたべるからおおきくなるとはかぎらないからね。

    Yes, they are. However, they are not necessarily good just because they are expensive.

  8. 30

    ごがくは、よくべんきょうするからできるとはかぎらないね。

    Mr. Parker eats a lot, but he doesn’t grow big, does he?

  9. 31

    そうだね。あたまがよくなければ、いくらべんきょうしてもじょうずにはなれないね。

    You don’t necessarily grow big just because you eat a lot.

  10. 32

    あしたあめがふるだろうか。

    As for language study, one does not necessarily do well just because he studies hard, isn’t that so?

  11. 33

    ラジオではふらないといっていたが、ふらないともかぎらないね。

    You are right, if one does not have a brain, he can’t become proficient no matter how much he studies.

ねだん
price
品物
goods, merchandise
体
body, health
うん、
Yes, all right.
しかし、
however, but
店
store, shop
から
from (See Gram. Notes)
中々
considerably, very
なら
if it is (See Gram. Notes)
語学
language study
出来る
to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)
頭
head, mind
いくら
how much? how many?
上手
skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)
明日
tomorrow
雨
rain
降る
to fall (rain) (v.i.)
か。
either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)
ラジオ
radio

Saying what is not certain · Pattern 1 1 of 3

Generalizations allow exceptions

*米国人は 皆 背が高い とは 限らない* means "Not all Americans are tall." Here, *とは 限らない* rejects a generalization.

*沢山食べるから 大きくなる とは 限らない* means "Eating a lot does not necessarily make you grow big." It rejects a causal conclusion.

A positive result remains possible

*田村さんの 言う事は 本当でないとも 限らない* means "What Mr. Tamura says may be true."

The negative *本当でない* with *とも 限らない* leaves open the positive result.

  1. 34

    A.べいこくじんはみなせがたかいとはかぎらない。B.たくさんたべるからおおきくなるとはかぎらない。C.ほんとうでないともかぎらない。

    A. Not all Americans are tall. B. Eating a lot does not necessarily make you grow big. C. It may be true.

  2. 35

    にほんのしなものはみなやすいとはかぎらない。

    Not all Japanese goods are cheap.

  3. 36

    べいこくのおんなはみなうつくしいとはかぎらない。

    Not all American women are beautiful.

  4. 37

    やすいしなものはしながわるいとはかぎらない。

    Cheap goods are not necessarily poor quality.

  5. 38

    かぜをひかないひとはげんきだとはかぎらない。

    People who do not catch colds are not necessarily healthy.

  6. 39

    えいごのじょうずなひとはにほんごがじょうずになれるとはかぎらない。

    People who are good at English are not necessarily able to become good at Japanese.

  7. 40

    げんきなひとはびょうきをしないとはかぎらない。

    Healthy people do not necessarily stay free of illness.

  8. 41

    あのせいとはよくあそぶからべんきょうしないともかぎらない。

    Just because that student plays a lot does not necessarily mean that he does not study.

  9. 42

    たむらさんのいうことはほんとうでないともかぎらない。

    What Mr. Tamura says may be true.

背
back
女
female
品
quality, goods
かぜ
wind
なれる
to get used to, get accustomed

Exceptions and uncertain outcomes · Pattern 1 2 of 3

An exception to all

Asked whether every graduate goes to Japan, the answer is *皆 日本へ 行くとは 限りません*, "Not all of them go to Japan."

Here, *とは 限りません* allows exceptions to the claim about every graduate.

Precautions for a possibility

*降らないとも 限らないから、レーンコートを 持って 行く方が いいだろう* means that it might rain, so taking a raincoat is better.

The negative *降らない* with *とも 限らない* leaves rain possible and gives the reason for the precaution.

  1. 43

    このがっこうのにほんごぶ(JapaneseDept.)のそつぎょうせいはみなにほんへいくのですか。

    Do all the graduates of this school's Japanese Department go to Japan?

  2. 44

    いいえ、みなにほんへいくとはかぎりません。あるそつぎょうせいはほかのところへおくられることがあります。

    No, not all of them go to Japan. Some graduates are sent to other places.

  3. 45

    かいこのまゆはみなしろいのですか。

    Are all silkworm cocoons white?

  4. 46

    いいえ、みなしろいとはかぎりません。きいろいのもあります。

    No, they are not all white. Some are yellow.

  5. 47

    こんばんあめがふるだろうか。

    Do you suppose it will rain tonight?

  6. 48

    そうだね。ふらないともかぎらないから、レーンコートをもっていくほうがいいだろう。

    Maybe. Since it might rain, it would be better to take a raincoat.

  7. 49

    このくすりをのめばびょうきはきっとなおるのかね。

    If I take this medicine, will I definitely get well?

  8. 50

    きっとなおるとはかぎらないね。なおらないこともあるよ。

    You will not necessarily get well. Sometimes people do not get well.

  9. 51

    こんばんはもうおそいですが、やまださんはいらっしゃるのでしょうか。

    It is already late tonight, but do you suppose Mr. Yamada will come?

へ
to (See Gram. Notes)
所
address, place
れる
to be able to -- (See Grammar Notes)
ます。
trout
蚕
silkworm
まゆ
cocoon
きいろい
yellow
きっと
surely
なおる
to get well, to be repaired
もう
already (See Gram. Notes)
おそい
be late
いらっしゃる
to come, go (honorific verb)
でしょう
probably (See Gram. Notes)

Questioning inevitable outcomes · Pattern 1 3 of 3

Certain results questioned

*薬を 飲めば 病気は きっと なおりますか* asks whether medicine will definitely cure an illness.

Questions about eating, cloudy skies, expensive goods, wealth, and age also present a result as expected or certain.

An answer with the *とは 限らない* from expensive goods rejects that certainty.

Prepare for the opposite

*いらっしゃらないとも 限らないから、夕飯の したくを しておく方がいいよ* means that he might come, so dinner should be ready.

Negative *いらっしゃらない* with *とも 限らない* supports a precaution against the opposite outcome.

  1. 52

    いらっしゃらないともかぎらないから、ゆうはんのしたくをしておくほうがいいよ。

    Since he might come, it would be better to have dinner ready.

  2. 53

    くすりをのめばびょうきはきっとなおりますか。

    If you take medicine, will you definitely get well?

  3. 54

    たくさんたべればおおきくなりますか。

    If you eat a lot, will you grow big?

  4. 55

    そらがくもっていれば、きっとあめがふりますか。

    If the sky is cloudy, will it definitely rain?

  5. 56

    ねだんのたかいしなものはいいですか。

    Are expensive goods good?

  6. 57

    べいこくじんはみなかねもちですか。

    Are all Americans rich?

  7. 58

    としよりになると、やせますか。

    Do people become thin when they grow old?

したく
preparation

Meanings of body expressions · Reading Selection 1 of 2

Meanings beyond the body

The passage asks for the meanings of expressions about ears, necks, and bellies. *首が 回らない* describes someone overwhelmed by debt.

*西洋式に考えても* uses the suffix *式* from *西洋式* to mean "style" or "way."

The questions contrast an expression's established meaning with its literal words and direct translation.

  1. 59

    「みみにする」と「みみにはいる」はおなじいみのいいまわしですか。

    Do the expressions "to hear" and "to reach one's ears" have the same meaning?

  2. 60

    これはほかのにほんごでなんといいますか。

    How do you say this in other Japanese words?

  3. 61

    あまりみみがよくきこえないのをなんといいますか。

    What do you call it when a person cannot hear very well?

  4. 62

    「みみよりのはなし」はほかのにほんごでなんといういみですか。

    What does "news worth hearing" mean in other Japanese words?

  5. 63

    「くびがまわらない」はなんといういみですか。

    What does "one's neck will not turn" mean?

  6. 64

    これはせいようしきにかんがえても、そんないみになりますか。

    Does it have that meaning even when you think of it in a Western way?

  7. 65

    「くびにする」はにほんのれきしをべんきょうしたひとにはすぐわかりますか。

    Is "to cut off someone's head" readily understandable to people who have studied Japanese history?

  8. 66

    「はらがくろい」とか、「はらがたつ」とかはえいごにちょくやくすると、ちょっとりくつにあいませんか。

    Do expressions such as "one's belly is black" and "one's belly rises" make little sense when translated literally into English?

ちょっと
a little

Translation and dangerous misunderstandings · Reading Selection 2 of 2

Translation and misunderstanding

The passage asks which hand expressions permit direct translation. It then asks whether an expression can cause trouble through *とんだ 感違い*, "a serious misunderstanding."

The final question asks for an expression with the meaning of *手がつけられない*, describing children who are unmanageable.

  1. 67

    「むねがやける」はえいごにちょくやくすると、どうですか。

    What happens when "one's chest burns" is translated literally into English?

  2. 68

    またそのえいごをにほんごにちょくやくすると、どうなりますか。

    And what happens when that English is translated literally into Japanese?

  3. 69

    てにかんするいいまわしのばあいにはちょくやくできるのがおおいですか。

    Are many expressions concerning the hand able to be translated literally?

  4. 70

    たとえば、どんないいまわしがありますか。

    For example, what kinds of expressions are there?

  5. 71

    とんだかんちがいでもんだいをおこすようないいまわしがありますか。

    Are there expressions that could cause trouble through a serious misunderstanding?

  6. 72

    それはどんないいまわしですか。

    What kind of expression is that?

  7. 73

    うちのこどもには「てがつけられない」とおなじいみのいいまわしはなんですか。

    What expression has the same meaning as "we cannot do anything with our children"?

たとえば、
for instance
どんな
what kind of; what sort of
家
house, home

Body expressions across languages · Questions

Body expressions across languages

The account compares expressions about ears, necks, bellies, chests, and hands. Some translate directly, while others become strange or ambiguous.

*問題を おこす事が ないとも 限らない* says that cultural differences might cause trouble through misunderstanding.

An answer identifies the expression, gives its established meaning, and explains whether direct translation preserves that meaning.

  1. 74

    「みみにする」と「みみにはいる」はおなじいみのいいまわしで、どちらもきくといういみである。あまりみみがよくきこえないひとを「みみがとおい」という。「みみよりのはなし」はこうつごうで、ききのがしたくないはなしといういみで、にほんじんのひょうげんらしいあじがある。「くびがまわらない」はしゃっきんがおおくて、どうすることもできないといういみだが、せいようしきにかんがえても、そんないみになる。「くびにする」はにほんのれきしをべんきょうしたひとにはすぐわかるはずである。「はらがくろい」とか「はらがたつ」とかはちょっとりくつにあわない。えいごにちょくやくするとへんなことになる。そのほか、えいごにするとへんないいまわしがたくさんある。たとえば、「むねがやける」である。おなじいみのえいごのいいまわしは「しんぞうがやける」です。ところが、てにかんするいいまわしのばあいには、ちょくやくできるのがふしぎにおおいの。「てをかす」「てがたりない」「てをかりる」などはそうだ。でもふうぞくやしゅうかんがちがうのだから、とんだかんちがいでもんだいをおこすことがないともかぎらない。たとえば「てがながい」とか「てをだす」などはいみがひとつだけではないんだから、つかいかたにちゅういしなければならない。またうちのこどもには「てがつけられない」とか、うちのこどもは「てにあわない」などはよくきくいいまわしである。

    The expressions "to hear" and "to reach one's ears" have the same meaning, and both mean "to hear." A person who cannot hear very well is said to be "hard of hearing." "News worth hearing" means favorable news that one does not want to miss, and it has the flavor of a characteristically Japanese expression. "One's neck will not turn" means that one has so many debts that one cannot do anything, but it has that meaning even when considered in a Western way. "To cut off someone's head" should be readily understandable to people who have studied Japanese history. Expressions such as "one's belly is black" and "one's belly rises" do not make much sense. They sound strange when translated literally into English. There are also many other expressions that sound strange in English. One example is "one's chest burns." The English expression with the same meaning is "one's heart burns." Strangely enough, however, many expressions concerning the hand can be translated literally. "To lend a hand," "not enough hands," and "to borrow a hand" are examples. But since customs and habits differ, a serious misunderstanding might cause trouble. For example, expressions such as "one's hands are long" and "to put out one's hand" do not have just one meaning, so you must be careful how you use them. Expressions such as "we cannot do anything with our children" and "our children are too much for us to handle" are also often heard.

どちら
which of two (See Grammar Notes)
ある。
certain, some
かす」
to rent, loan

Hearing, debt and reasoning words · Word list 1 of 4

Hearing, debt, and reasoning

These words connect hearing with useful information. *耳に はいる* means "hear," and *耳よりの 話* means "welcome news."

The set also includes *西洋式*, "Western style" or "Western way."

  1. 75

    みみにはいる

    reach one’s ear; hear

  2. 76

    みみがとおい

    is hard of hearing

  3. 77

    みみよりのはなし

    welcome news

  4. 78

    こうつごう

    favorable; convenient; opportune

  5. 79

    ききのがしたくない

    don’t want to miss hearing

  6. 80

    ききのがす

    miss hearing (v.t.)

  7. 81

    くびがまわらない

    be over head and neck in debt

  8. 82

    あじがある

    to have a flavor of --

  9. 83

    しゃっきん

    debt (monetary)

  10. 84

    りくつ

    reason; pretext; argument

  11. 85

    せいようしき

    western style, western way

耳にはいる
reach one’s ear; hear
耳が遠い
to be hard of hearing
耳よりの話
welcome news
好都合
favorable; convenient; opportune
聞きのがしたくない
don’t want to miss hearing
聞きのがす
miss hearing (v.t.)
首が回らない
be over head and neck in debt
味がある
to have a flavor of --
西洋式
western style, western way

Style, anger and hunger words · Word list 2 of 4

Style and body expressions

This set joins a suffix for style with body expressions for dismissal, character, anger, hunger, and heartburn.

*---式* means "style" or "type." *腹が 立つ* means "get angry," and *むねがやける* means "have heartburn."

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    ---しき

    suffix meaning style (See Cult. notes)

  2. 87

    くびにする

    discharge; fire from employ

  3. 88

    れきし

    history

  4. 89

    りくつにあいません

    doesn’t follow reasoning

  5. 90

    あう

    coincide; consistent with, (v.i.)

  6. 91

    はらがくろい

    crafty; be devil hearted

  7. 92

    はらがたつ

    get angry; vexing (v.i.)

  8. 93

    いっしゅ

    a kind of; a sort of

  9. 94

    はらがへる

    be hungry

  10. 95

    むねがやける

    have heartburn

  11. 96

    へん

    odd; strange, queer

---式
suffix meaning style (See Cult. notes)
首にする
discharge; fire from employ
理屈にあいません
doesn’t follow reasoning
あう
coincide; consistent with, (v.i.)
腹が黒い
crafty; be devil hearted
腹が立つ
get angry; vexing (v.i.)
腹がへる
be hungry
むねがやける
have heartburn

Translation, assistance and customs words · Word list 3 of 4

Translation and assistance

These words cover literal translation, assistance, and customs. *直訳* means "direct translation" or "word for word translation."

*手を かす* means "lend a hand," while *手を 借りる* means "ask for a helping hand."

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    やける

    burn (v.i.)

  2. 98

    しんぞう

    heart

  3. 99

    (にほんごを)えいごにする

    change (Japanese) into English

  4. 100

    なんのことやらわからない

    Can’t tell what’s it all about

  5. 101

    ちょくやく

    direct translation; word for word translation

  6. 102

    ふしぎに

    mysteriously; strangely

  7. 103

    てをかす

    lend a hand

  8. 104

    てがたりない

    short of hand

  9. 105

    てをかりる

    to ask for a helping hand

  10. 106

    ふうぞく

    custom

  11. 107

    とんだ

    terrible; horrible

やける
burn (v.i.)
心ぞう
heart
(日本語を)英語にする
change (Japanese) into English
何の事やらわからない
Can’t tell what’s it all about
ふしぎに
mysteriously; strangely
手をかす
lend a hand
手が足りない
short of hand
手を借りる
to ask for a helping hand

Misunderstandings and uncontrollable behaviour · Word list 4 of 4

Misunderstandings and control

These words cover misunderstanding, uncertain possibility, and difficult behavior. *感違い* means "misunderstanding" or "misinterpretation."

*---ないとも限りません* means "there might be." *手もつけられない* means "unmanageable" or "beyond one's control."

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    かんちがい

    misunderstanding; misinterpretation

  2. 109

    おこす

    give rise; cause (v.t.)

  3. 110

    ---ないともかぎりません

    can’t assume that there is not; there might be (See Gram. Notes)

  4. 111

    かぎる

    limit to (v.t.)

  5. 112

    てがながい

    arms are long; have long reach; be light-fingered; thievish

  6. 113

    てをだす

    attempt; meddle with; make advance (v.i.)

  7. 114

    てもつけられない

    unmanageable; beyond one’s control; can’t handle

  8. 115

    てにあわない

    can’t handle; uncontrollable; very mischievous

  9. 116

    ゆかいな

    pleasant

  10. 117

    にほんごぶ

    Japanese Department

Guide for Free Conversation

1a Using each of the following expressions make simple dialogue.

1a(1) 耳にする。

1a(2) 耳にはいる。

1a(3) 耳よりの話。

1a(4) 腹が黒い。

1a(5) 腹が立つ。

1a(6) 首にする。

1a(7) 手をかす。

1a(8) 手に合わない。

1a(9) 手がつけられない。

1a(10) 手が足りない。
Homework

1 Memorize the expressions related to a human body and practice their usage.

2 Memorize the vocabulary.

3 Study Grammar Perception Drill.

4 Study Pattern Practice and do the exercise following each pattern.

5 Learn to read and write new Kanji.

6 Read the Explanatory Notes.

7 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given.
---ないとも限りません
can’t assume that there is not; there might be (See Gram. Notes)
限る
limit to (v.t.)
手が長い
arms are long; have long reach; be light-fingered; thievish
手を出す
attempt; meddle with; make advance (v.i.)
手もつけられない
unmanageable; beyond one’s control; can’t handle
手に合わない
can’t handle; uncontrollable; very mischievous
ゆかいな
pleasant
日本語部
Japanese Department

The particulars

The course
Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours.
Reading aloud
Digital narration, directed by 1732 Studios.
The book
Botchan, the work this course leads to, free to read here.
Data
JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.