Ancient Greek · The Patrocleia
Ἰλιάδος Κ
Book 10. The Night Raid
Odysseus and Diomedes go out by night, catch the Trojan spy Dolon, and kill the Thracian king Rhesus in his sleep.
Tap a line to open its words. The mark beside it plays it.
- 1
The other princes of all the Achaeans, beside the ships,
Metre
ἄλλοιμὲνπαρὰνηυσὶν‖ἀριστῆεςΠαναχαιῶν
ἄλλοιotherἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀριστῆεςμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶνshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to παρὰἀριστῆεςprincesἀριστεύς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of εὗδονΠαναχαιῶνall AchaeansΠαναχαιοί · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἀριστῆες - 2
slept through the night, subdued by gentle sleep;
Metre
εὗδονπαννύχιοι‖μαλακῷδεδμημένοιὕπνῳ
εὗδονsleptεὕδω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπαννύχιοιall nightπαννύχιος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementμαλακῷgentleμαλακός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὕπνῳδεδμημένοιsubduedδαμάζω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to εὗδονὕπνῳsleepὕπνος · dative singular masculine nounobject of δεδμημένοι - 3
but sweet sleep did not hold Atreus' son Agamemnon, shepherd of the people,
Metre
ἀλλοὐκἈτρεΐδην‖Ἀγαμέμνοναποιμέναλαῶν
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἈτρεΐδηνAtreus' sonἈτρείδης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈγαμέμνοναἈγαμέμνοναAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · accusative singular masculine nounobjectποιμέναshepherdποιμήν · accusative singular masculine nounobjectλαῶνpeopleλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ποιμένα - 4
as he turned over many things within his mind.
Metre
ὕπνοςἔχεγλυκερὸς‖πολλὰφρεσὶνὁρμαίνοντα
ὕπνοςsleepὕπνος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔχεἔχεheldἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγλυκερὸςsweetγλυκερός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὕπνοςπολλὰmany thingsπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ὁρμαίνονταφρεσὶνin his mindφρήν · dative plural nounadverbial to ὁρμαίνονταὁρμαίνονταturning overὁρμαίνω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 5
As when the husband of lovely-haired Hera flashes lightning,
Metre
ὡςὅτἂνἀστράπτῃ‖πόσιςἭρηςἠϋκόμοιο
ὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialδandδέ · particlesentence particleὅτwhenὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἂνeverἄν · particlesentence particleἀστράπτῃflashes lightningἀστράπτω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτ̓πόσιςhusbandπόσις · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀστράπτῃἭρηςHeraἭρα · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies πόσιςἠϋκόμοιοlovely-hairedεὔκομος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἥρης - 6
making either a vast, unspeakable rain, or hail,
Metre
τεύχωνἢπολὺνὄμβρον‖ἀθέσφατονἠὲχάλαζαν
τεύχωνmakingτεύχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀστράπτῃἢeitherἤ · conjunctionsentence particleπολὺνvastπολύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὄμβρονὄμβρονrainὄμβρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τεύχωνἀθέσφατονunspeakableἀθέσφατος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὄμβρονἠὲorἠέ · conjunctionsentence particleχάλαζανhailχάλαζα · accusative singular feminine nounobject - 7
or snowfall, whenever snow blankets the fields,
ἢorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleνιφετόνsnowfallνιφετός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectὅτεwheneverὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπέρindeedπέρ · particlesentence particleτεas usualτε · particlesentence particleχιὼνsnowχιών · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐπάλυνενἐπάλυνενblanketedπαλύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἠέἀρούραςfieldsἄρουρα · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπάλυνεν - 8
or somewhere the great maw of bitter war,
Metre
ἠέποθιπτολέμοιο‖μέγαστόμαπευκεδανοῖο
ἠέorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordποθιsomewhereποθι · adverbsentence particleπτολέμοιοwarπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies στόμαμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies στόμαστόμαmawστόμα · accusative singular neuter nounobjectπευκεδανοῖοbitterπευκεδανός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies πτολέμοιο - 9
so Agamemnon groaned thick and fast within his breast,
Metre
ὣςπυκίνἐνστήθεσσιν‖ἀνεστενάχιζἈγαμέμνων
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἀνεστενάχιζ̓πυκίνthick and fastπυκινός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀνεστενάχιζ̓ἐνwithinἐν · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσινbreastστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐνἀνεστενάχιζgroanedἀναστεναχίζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀνεστενάχιζ̓ - 10
from the depths of his heart, and the wits within him trembled.
Metre
νειόθενἐκκραδίης‖τρομέοντοδέοἱφρένεςἐντός
νειόθενfrom the depthsνειόθεν · adverbadverbial to ἀνεστενάχιζ̓ἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionκραδίηςheartκαρδία · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies νειόθεντρομέοντοtrembledτρομέω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies φρένεςφρένεςwitsφρήν · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τρομέοντοἐντόςwithinἐντός · adverbadverbial to τρομέοντο - 11
Whenever he looked across the Trojan plain,
Metre
ἤτοιὅτἐςπεδίον‖τὸΤρωϊκὸνἀθρήσειε
ἤτοιnow indeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleὅτwheneverὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἐςtowardεἰς · prepositionprepositionπεδίονplainπεδίον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐςτὸtheὁ · accusative singular neuter articlemodifies πεδίονΤρωϊκὸνTrojanΤρωικός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πεδίονἀθρήσειεlooked acrossἀθρέω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτ̓ - 12
he marveled at the many fires burning before Ilion,
Metre
θαύμαζενπυρὰπολλὰ‖τὰκαίετοἸλιόθιπρὸ
θαύμαζενmarveled atθαυμάζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπυρὰfiresπυρά · accusative plural neuter nounobject of τ̓πολλὰmanyπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies πυρὰτὰwhichὁ · nominative plural neuter pronounsubject of καίετοκαίετοwere burningκαίω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing πυρὰἸλιόθιat IlionἸλιόθι · adverbadverbial to πρὸπρὸbeforeπρό · prepositionpreposition - 13
at the din of pipes and flutes, and the clamor of men.
αὐλῶνpipesαὐλός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἐνοπὴνσυρίγγωνflutesσῦριγξ · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies ἐνοπὴντandτε · particlesentence particleἐνοπὴνdinἐνοπή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of τ̓ὅμαδόνclamorὅμαδος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τ̓τandτε · particlecoordinating wordἀνθρώπωνmenἄνθρωπος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ὅμαδόν - 14
But whenever he looked toward the ships and the Achaean host,
Metre
αὐτὰρὅτἐςνῆάς‖τεἴδοικαὶλαὸνἈχαιῶν
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὅτwheneverὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἐςtowardεἰς · prepositionprepositionνῆάςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleἴδοιlookedεἶδον · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτ̓καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordλαὸνhostλαός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies λαὸν - 15
he tore many locks from his head by the roots
Metre
πολλὰςἐκκεφαλῆς‖προθελύμνουςἕλκετοχαίτας
πολλὰςmanyπολύς · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies χαίταςἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionκεφαλῆςheadκεφαλή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐκπροθελύμνουςby the rootsπροθέλυμνος · accusative plural feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementἕλκετοtoreἕλκω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχαίταςlocksχαίτη · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἕλκετο - 16
toward Zeus on high, and his noble heart groaned mightily.
Metre
ὑψόθἐόντιΔιί‖μέγαἔστενεκυδάλιμονκῆρ
ὑψόθon highὑψόθι · adverbadverbial to ἐόντιἐόντιbeingεἰμί · present active participle, dative singular masculinemodifies ΔιίΔιίZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἕλκετομέγαmightilyμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἔστενεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔστενεgroanedστένω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκυδάλιμονnobleκυδάλιμος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κῆρκῆρheartκῆρ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔστενε - 17
And this seemed the best counsel to his spirit:
Metre
ἥδεδέοἱκατὰθυμὸν‖ἀρίστηφαίνετοβουλὴ
ἥδεthisὅδε · nominative singular feminine pronounsubjectδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱto himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies θυμὸνκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionθυμὸνspiritθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to κατὰἀρίστηbestἄριστος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies βουλὴφαίνετοseemedφαίνω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβουλὴcounselβουλή · nominative singular feminine nounpredicate noun - 18
to go first among men to Nestor, son of Neleus,
Metre
Νέστορἔπιπρῶτον‖Νηλήϊονἐλθέμενἀνδρῶν
ΝέστορNestorΝέστωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔπιThe preposition follows its object in epic word order: Nestor ... to.
ἔπιtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionπρῶτονfirstπρῶτος · accusative singular neuter adjectivecircumstantial complementΝηλήϊονson of NeleusΝηλεύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Νέστοῤἐλθέμενto goἔρχομαι · aorist active infinitivesubjectἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies πρῶτον - 19
in case together with him he might fashion some blameless plan
Metre
εἴτινάοἱσὺνμῆτιν‖ἀμύμονατεκτήναιτο
εἴin caseεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτινάsomeτις · accusative singular feminine pronounmodifies μῆτινοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to σὺνσὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionμῆτινplanμῆτις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of τεκτήναιτοἀμύμοναblamelessἀμύμων · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μῆτιντεκτήναιτοmight fashionτεκταίνομαι · aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἴ - 20
that might ward off harm from all the Danaans.
Metre
ἥτιςἀλεξίκακος‖πᾶσινΔαναοῖσιγένοιτο
ἥwhichὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of γένοιτοτιςsomeτις · nominative singular feminine pronounmodifies ἥἀλεξίκακοςwarding off harmἀλεξίκακος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounπᾶσινallπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ΔαναοῖσιΔαναοῖσιDanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject of γένοιτογένοιτοmight proveγίγνομαι · aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing μῆτιν - 21
He rose upright and drew a tunic around his chest,
Metre
ὀρθωθεὶςἔνδυνε‖περὶστήθεσσιχιτῶνα
ὀρθωθεὶςrising uprightὀρθόω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔνδυνεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἔνδυνεput onἐνδύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσιchestστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounobject of περὶχιτῶναtunicχιτών · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔνδυνε - 22
beneath his glistening feet he bound fair sandals,
ποσσὶfeetπούς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἐδήσατοδandδέ · particlesentence particleὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionλιπαροῖσινglisteningλιπαρός · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ποσσὶἐδήσατοboundδέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαλὰfairκαλός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies πέδιλαπέδιλαsandalsπέδιλον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐδήσατο - 23
and then he put around him the reddish hide of a lion,
Metre
ἀμφὶἔπειταδαφοινὸν‖ἑέσσατοδέρμαλέοντος
ἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlesentence particleἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἑέσσατοδαφοινὸνreddishδαφοινός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δέρμαἑέσσατοput onἕννυμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέρμαhideδέρμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἑέσσατολέοντοςlionλέων · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies δέρμα - 24
of a great tawny beast, reaching to his feet, and he took his spear.
Metre
αἴθωνοςμεγάλοιο‖ποδηνεκέςεἵλετοἔγχος
αἴθωνοςtawnyαἴθην · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies λέοντοςμεγάλοιοgreatμέγας · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies λέοντοςποδηνεκέςreaching the feetποδηνεκής · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δέρμαεἵλετοtookαἱρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of εἵλετο - 25
And just so trembling held Menelaus, for upon his eyes as well
Metre
ὣςαὔτωςΜενέλαον‖ἔχετρόμοςοὐδὲγὰραὐτῷ
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔχεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὔτωςjust soαὔτως · adverbadverbial to ἔχεΜενέλαονMenelausΜενέλαος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔχεἔχεheldἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτρόμοςtremblingτρόμος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔχεγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleαὐτῷhim tooαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἐφίζανε - 26
sleep would not settle, for fear the Argives might suffer harm,
Metre
ὕπνοςἐπὶβλεφάροισιν‖ἐφίζανεμήτιπάθοιεν
ὕπνοςsleepὕπνος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐφίζανεἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionβλεφάροισινeyelidsβλέφαρον · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἐπὶἐφίζανεsettledἐφιζάνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμήlestμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτιsome harmτις · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of πάθοιενπάθοιενmight sufferπάσχω · aorist active optative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to μή - 27
who for his sake had come far across the sea
Metre
Ἀργεῖοιτοὶδὴ‖ἕθενεἵνεκαπουλὺνἐφὑγρὴν
ἈργεῖοιArgivesἈργεῖος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of πάθοιεντοὶwhoὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἤλυθονδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleἕθενhisἕ · genitive singular masculine pronounadverbial to εἵνεκαεἵνεκαfor the sakeἕνεκα · prepositionprepositionπουλὺνfarπολύς · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ὑγρὴνἐφacrossἐπί · prepositionprepositionThe preposition is separated from its object across the line break: across the sea.
ὑγρὴνseaὑγρός · accusative singular feminine adjectiveadverbial to ἐφ̓ - 28
to Troy, intent upon bold war.
Metre
ἤλυθονἐςΤροίην‖πόλεμονθρασὺνὁρμαίνοντες
ἤλυθονhad comeἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing Ἀργεῖοιἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionΤροίηνTroyΤροία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐςπόλεμονwarπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὁρμαίνοντεςθρασὺνboldθρασύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πόλεμονὁρμαίνοντεςintent uponὁρμαίνω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἤλυθον - 29
First he covered his broad back with a spotted
Metre
παρδαλέῃμὲνπρῶτα‖μετάφρενονεὐρὺκάλυψε
παρδαλέῃpanther skinπαρδαλέη · dative singular feminine nounobject of κάλυψεμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleπρῶταfirstπρῶτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to κάλυψεμετάφρενονbackμετάφρενον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of κάλυψεεὐρὺbroadεὐρύς · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies μετάφρενονκάλυψεcoveredκαλύπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 30
panther skin; then he raised a bronze helmet
Metre
ποικίλῃαὐτὰρἐπὶ‖στεφάνηνκεφαλῆφινἀείρας
ποικίλῃspottedποικίλος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies παρδαλέῃαὐτὰρthenἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionστεφάνηνhelmetστεφάνη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of θήκατοκεφαλῆφινheadκεφαλή · genitive feminine nounobject of ἐπὶἀείραςliftingἀείρω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to θήκατο - 31
and set it on his head, and took a spear in his strong hand.
Metre
θήκατοχαλκείην‖δόρυεἵλετοχειρὶπαχείῃ
θήκατοsetτίθημι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχαλκείηνbronzeχάλκειος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies στεφάνηνδόρυspearδόρυ · accusative neuter nounobject of εἵλετοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordεἵλετοtookαἱρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχειρὶhandχείρ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to εἵλετοπαχείῃstrongπαχύς · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χειρὶ - 32
He went to rouse his own brother, who ruled greatly over all
Metre
βῆἴμενἀνστήσων‖ὃνἀδελφεόνὃςμέγαπάντων
βῆset outβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἴμενto goεἶμι · present active infinitiveobject of βῆἀνστήσωνto rouseἀνίστημι · future active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βῆὃνhis ownἑός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἀδελφεόνἀδελφεόνbrotherἀδελφός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀνστήσωνὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἤνασσεμέγαgreatlyμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἤνασσεπάντωνallπᾶς · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀργείων - 33
the Argives, and was honored like a god among his people.
ἈργείωνArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἤνασσεἤνασσεruledἀνάσσω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓θεὸςa godθεός · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὣςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialτίετοwas honoredτίω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓δήμῳpeopleδῆμος · dative singular masculine nounobject of τίετο - 34
He found him putting his fair armor about his shoulders
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of εὗῤδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordεὗρfoundεὑρίσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀμφaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionὤμοισιshouldersὦμος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀμφ̓τιθήμενονputtingτίθημι · present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἔντεαarmorἔντεα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of τιθήμενονκαλὰfairκαλός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔντεα - 35
beside the stern of his ship; and Menelaus's coming was welcome to him.
Metre
νηῒπάραπρύμνῃ‖τῷἀσπάσιοςγένετἐλθών
νηῒshipναῦς · dative singular feminine nounmodifies πρύμνῃπάραbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionPostpositive preposition: beside the stern of his ship.
πρύμνῃsternπρύμνα · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to πάρατῷto himὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of γένετ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀσπάσιοςwelcomeἀσπάσιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounγένετwasγίγνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐλθώνhis comingἔρχομαι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to γένετ̓ - 36
Menelaus, good at the war-cry, spoke to him first:
Metre
τὸνπρότεροςπροσέειπε‖βοὴνἀγαθὸςΜενέλαος
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέειπεπρότεροςfirstπρότερος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπροσέειπεaddressedπροσεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβοὴνwar-cryβοή · accusative singular feminine nounmodifies ἀγαθὸςἀγαθὸςgood atἀγαθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαοςΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέειπε - 37
"Why are you arming yourself so, dear brother? Will you urge
Metre
τίφθοὕτωςἠθεῖε‖κορύσσεαιἦτινἑταίρων
τίφθwhyτίπτε · pronounadverbial to κορύσσεαιοὕτωςthusοὕτως · adverbadverbial to κορύσσεαιἠθεῖεdear brotherἠθεῖος · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headκορύσσεαιarm yourselfκορύσσω · present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἦorἦ · adverbsentence particleτινoneτις · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ὀτρυνέειςἑταίρωνcompanionsἑταῖρος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τιν̓ - 38
one of our companions to spy upon the Trojans? But terribly
Metre
ὀτρυνέειςΤρώεσσιν‖ἐπίσκοπονἀλλὰμάλαἰνῶς
ὀτρυνέειςwill you urgeὀτρύνω · future active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbΤρώεσσινTrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounmodifies ἐπίσκοπονἐπίσκοπονas a spyἐπίσκοπος · accusative singular masculine nouncircumstantial complementἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleμάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleαἰνῶςterriblyαἰνός · adverbadverbial to δείδω - 39
I fear that no one will undertake this deed for you,
Metre
δείδωμὴοὔτίς‖τοιὑπόσχηταιτόδεἔργον
δείδωI fearδείδω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbμὴlestμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτίςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ὑπόσχηταιτοιfor youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of ὑπόσχηταιὑπόσχηταιundertakeὑπισχνέομαι · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbobject of μὴτόδεthisὅδε · accusative singular neuter pronounmodifies ἔργονἔργονdeedἔργον · accusative singular neuter nounobject - 40
to go alone and spy upon our enemy men
Metre
ἄνδραςδυσμενέας‖σκοπιαζέμενοἶοςἐπελθὼν
ἄνδραςmenἀνήρ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of σκοπιαζέμενδυσμενέαςenemyδυσμενής · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἄνδραςσκοπιαζέμενto spy uponσκοπιάζω · present active infinitiveobjectοἶοςaloneοἶος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐπελθὼνgoing amongἐπέρχομαι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to σκοπιαζέμεν - 41
through the immortal night. He must be a very boldhearted man."
Metre
νύκταδιἀμβροσίην‖μάλατιςθρασυκάρδιοςἔσται
νύκταnightνύξ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of δἰδιthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionἀμβροσίηνimmortalἀμβρόσιος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νύκταμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleτιςsomeoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔσταιθρασυκάρδιοςboldheartedθρασυκάρδιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἔσταιmust beεἰμί · future indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 42
Then the lord Agamemnon answered him and said:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπαμειβόμενοςansweringἀπαμείβομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηsaidπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκρείωνlordκρείων · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈγαμέμνωνἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 43
"Zeus-nurtured Menelaus, you and I have need of shrewd
χρεὼneedχρεώ · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectβουλῆςcounselβουλή · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies χρεὼἐμὲmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordσὲyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of καὶδιοτρεφὲςZeus-nurturedδιοτρεφής · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαεὦOὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleΜενέλαεMenelausΜενέλαος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided head - 44
counsel, some plan that might shield and save
Metre
κερδαλέηςἥτίς‖κενἐρύσσεταιἠδὲσαώσει
κερδαλέηςshrewdκερδαλέος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies βουλῆςἥwhichὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἠδὲτίςsomeτις · nominative singular feminine pronounmodifies ἥκενmightἄν · particlesentence particleἐρύσσεταιshieldἐρύω · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἠδὲἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordσαώσειsaveσώζω · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἠδὲ - 45
the Argives and their ships, since the mind of Zeus has turned.
Metre
Ἀργείουςκαὶνῆας‖ἐπεὶΔιὸςἐτράπετοφρήν
ἈργείουςArgivesἀργει~ος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionΔιὸςZeus'Ζεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies φρήνἐτράπετοhas turnedτρέπω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶφρήνmindφρήν · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐτράπετο - 46
It seems he has set his heart more upon Hector's sacrifices.
Metre
Ἑκτορέοιςἄραμᾶλλον‖ἐπὶφρέναθῆχἱεροῖσιν
ἙκτορέοιςHector'sἙκτόρεος · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἱεροῖσινἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleμᾶλλονmoreμᾶλλον · adverbadverbial to θῆχ̓ἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleφρέναheartφρήν · accusative singular feminine nounobject of θῆχ̓θῆχhas setτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἱεροῖσινsacrificesἱερόν · dative plural neuter nounobject of θῆχ̓ - 47
For never yet have I seen, nor heard from any speaking man,
Metre
οὐγάρπωἰδόμην‖οὐδἔκλυοναὐδήσαντος
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleπωyetπω · particlesentence particleἰδόμηνhave seenεἶδον · aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἔκλυονhave heardκλύω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbThe object heard is supplied by the following participle: heard from a man speaking.
αὐδήσαντοςspeakingαὐδάω · aorist active participle, genitive singular masculineobject of ἔκλυον - 48
that one man devised so many grievous deeds in one day
Metre
ἄνδρἕνατοσσάδεμέρμερ‖ἐπἤματιμητίσασθαι
ἄνδρmanἀνήρ · accusative singular masculine nounsubject of μητίσασθαιἕναoneεἵς · numeralmodifies ἄνδῤτοσσάδεso manyτοσόσδε · accusative plural neuter pronounmodifies μέρμεῤμέρμερgrievous deedsμέρμερος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of μητίσασθαιἐπinἐπί · prepositionprepositionἤματιdayἦμαρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐπ̓μητίσασθαιto deviseμητίομαι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of δ̓ - 49
as Hector, dear to Zeus, has wrought against the sons of the Achaeans,
Metre
ὅσσἝκτωρἔρρεξε‖ΔιῒφίλοςυἷαςἈχαιῶν
ὅσσas many asὅσος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἔρρεξεἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔρρεξεἔρρεξεhas wroughtῥέζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing μέρμεῤΔιῒZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounmodifies φίλοςφίλοςdear toφίλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτωρυἷαςsonsυἱός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἔρρεξεἈχαιῶνAchaeansἀχαιός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies υἷας - 50
on his own, though he is the dear son of neither goddess nor god.
Metre
αὔτωςοὔτεθεᾶς‖υἱὸςφίλοςοὔτεθεοῖο
αὔτωςon his ownαὔτως · adverbadverbial to ἔρρεξεModifies a verb outside this excerpt (e.g. 'he acted'); roughly 'all on his own, unaided.'
οὔτεneitherοὔτε · adverbsentence particleθεᾶςof a goddessθεά · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies υἱὸςυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nouncircumstantial complementφίλοςdearφίλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱὸςοὔτεnorοὔτε · adverbcoordinating wordθεοῖοof a godθεός · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies - 51
He has done deeds that I say will weigh upon the Argives
Metre
ἔργαἔρεξὅσαφημὶ‖μελησέμενἈργείοισι
ἔργαdeedsἔργον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔρεξ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔρεξhe wroughtῥέζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὅσαas many asὅσος · accusative plural neuter adjectivesubject of μελησέμενφημὶI sayφημί · present active indicative, 1st singular verbverb of a clause describing ἔργαμελησέμενwill weigh uponμέλω · future active infinitiveobject of φημὶἈργείοισιArgivesἀργει~ος · dative plural masculine nounobject of μελησέμεν - 52
for a long, long time, such evils has he devised against the Achaeans.
Metre
δηθάτεκαὶδολιχόν‖τόσαγὰρκακὰμήσατἈχαιούς
δηθάlongδηθά · adverbadverbial to καὶτεbothτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordδολιχόνprotractedδολιχός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to καὶτόσαso manyτόσος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies κακὰγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleκακὰevilsκακός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of μήσατ̓μήσατdevisedμήδομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈχαιούςAchaeansἀχαιός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of μήσατ̓ - 53
But go now and call Ajax, son of Telamon, and Idomeneus,
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἴθιgoεἶμι · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἴθιΑἴανταAjaxΑἴας · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἸδομενῆαIdomeneusἸδομενεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκάλεσσονcallκαλέω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 54
running swiftly along the ships; I will go to godlike Nestor
Metre
ῥίμφαθέωνπαρὰνῆας‖ἐγὼἐπὶΝέστοραδῖον
ῥίμφαswiftlyῥίμφα · adverbadverbial to θέωνθέωνrunningθέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κάλεσσονπαρὰalongπαρά · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of παρὰἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καὶδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐπὶtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionΝέστοραNestorΝέστωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπὶδῖονgodlikeδῖος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Νέστορα - 55
and urge him to rise, in case he is willing
Metre
εἶμικαὶὀτρυνέω‖ἀνστήμεναιαἴἐθέλῃσιν
εἶμιwill goεἶμι · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὀτρυνέωurgeὀτρύνω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἀνστήμεναιto riseἀνίστημι · aorist active infinitiveobject of ὀτρυνέωαἴin caseεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκperhapsἄν · particlesentence particleἐθέλῃσινhe is willingἐθέλω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to αἴ - 56
to go among the sacred company of guards and give them orders.
Metre
ἐλθεῖνἐςφυλάκων‖ἱερὸντέλοςἠδἐπιτεῖλαι
ἐλθεῖνto goἔρχομαι · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἠδ̓ἐςamongεἰς · prepositionprepositionφυλάκωνguardsφύλαξ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τέλοςἱερὸνsacredἱερός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τέλοςτέλοςcompanyτέλος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐςἠδandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐπιτεῖλαιto instructἐπιτέλλω · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἠδ̓ - 57
For they would obey him most of all; his own son
Metre
κείνῳγάρκεμάλιστα‖πιθοίατοτοῖογὰρυἱὸς
κείνῳhimἐκεῖνος · dative singular masculine adjectiveobject of πιθοίατογάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleκεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleμάλισταmost of allμάλιστα · adverbadverbial to πιθοίατοπιθοίατοobeyπείθω · aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verbmain verbτοῖοhisὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies υἱὸςγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 58
commands the guards, and Idomeneus's companion,
Metre
σημαίνειφυλάκεσσι‖καὶἸδομενῆοςὀπάων
σημαίνειcommandsσημαίνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφυλάκεσσιguardsφύλαξ · dative plural masculine nounobject of σημαίνεικαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἸδομενῆοςIdomeneus'Ἰδομενεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ὀπάωνὀπάωνcompanionὀπάων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 59
Meriones; for to them above all we entrusted this."
Metre
Μηριόνηςτοῖσιν‖γὰρἐπετράπομένγεμάλιστα
ΜηριόνηςMerionesΜηριόνης · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectτοῖσινto themὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἐπετράπομένγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐπετράπομένwe entrustedἐπιτρέπω · aorist active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleμάλισταmost of allμάλιστα · adverbadverbial to ἐπετράπομέν - 60
Then Menelaus, good at the war-cry, answered him:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἠμείβετ̓δthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἠμείβετansweredἀμείβω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔπειταnextἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἠμείβετ̓βοὴνwar-cryβοή · accusative singular feminine nounmodifies ἀγαθὸςἀγαθὸςgood atἀγαθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαοςΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠμείβετ̓ - 61
"What order do you lay upon me and command?
Metre
πῶςγάρμοιμύθῳ‖ἐπιτέλλεαιἠδὲκελεύεις
πῶςhowπῶς · adverbadverbial to ἠδὲγάρthenγάρ · particlesentence particleμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἠδὲμύθῳwith instructionsμῦθος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἠδὲἐπιτέλλεαιdo you commandἐπιτέλλω · present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκελεύειςorderκελεύω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 62
Am I to stay there among them, waiting until you come,
Metre
αὖθιμένωμετὰτοῖσι‖δεδεγμένοςεἰςὅκενἔλθῃς
αὖθιthereαὖθι · adverbobject of μένωμένωshall I stayμένω · present active subjunctive, 1st singular verbmain verbμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionτοῖσιthemὁ · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to μετὰδεδεγμένοςwaitingδέχομαι · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μένωεἰςuntilεἰς · prepositionprepositionὅwhenὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to ἔλθῃςκενperhapsἄν · particlesentence particleἔλθῃςyou comeἔρχομαι · aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verbobject of εἰς - 63
or run back after you when I have given them their orders well?"
Metre
ἦεθέωμετὰαὖτις‖ἐπὴνεὖτοῖςἐπιτείλω
ἦεorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordθέωshall I runθέω · present active subjunctive, 1st singular verbmain verbμετὰafterμετά · prepositionprepositionσyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of μετὰαὖτιςbackαὖθις · adverbadverbial to θέωἐπὴνwhenἐπήν · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionεὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to ἐπιτείλωτοῖςthemὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἐπιτείλωἐπιτείλωI instructἐπιτέλλω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to ἐπὴν - 64
Then Agamemnon, lord of men, addressed him in turn:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέειπενδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτεagainαὖτε · adverbsentence particleπροσέειπενaddressedπροσεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄναξlordἄναξ · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγαμέμνωνἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἄναξἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέειπεν - 65
"Stay there, lest somehow we two miss one another
Metre
αὖθιμένεινμήπως‖ἀβροτάξομενἀλλήλοιιν
αὖθιthereαὖθι · adverbobject of μένεινμένεινstayμένω · present active infinitivemain verbμήlestμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπωςsomehowπως · particlesentence particleἀβροτάξομενwe missἀβροτάζω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to μήἀλλήλοιινeach otherἀλλήλων · dative dual masculine adjectiveobject of ἀβροτάξομεν - 66
as we go; for many are the paths throughout the camp.
Metre
ἐρχομένωπολλαὶ‖γὰρἀνὰστρατόνεἰσικέλευθοι
ἐρχομένωwhile goingἔρχομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to ἀβροτάξομενπολλαὶmanyπολύς · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies κέλευθοιγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἀνὰthroughoutἀνά · prepositionprepositionστρατόνcampστρατός · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ἀνὰεἰσιthere areεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκέλευθοιpathsκέλευθος · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of εἰσι - 67
Call out wherever you go, and bid them keep awake,
Metre
φθέγγεοᾗκενἴῃσθα‖καὶἐγρήγορθαιἄνωχθι
φθέγγεοcall outφθέγγομαι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleᾗwhereverᾗ · adverbobject of ἴῃσθακενeverἄν · particlesentence particleἴῃσθαyou goεἶμι · present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to φθέγγεοκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐγρήγορθαιto stay awakeἐγείρω · perfect passive infinitiveobject of ἄνωχθιἄνωχθιcommandἄνωγα · perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 68
naming him by his father's line and by his lineage,
Metre
πατρόθενἐκγενεῆς‖ὀνομάζωνἄνδραἕκαστον
πατρόθενby his fatherπατρόθεν · adverbadverbial to ὀνομάζωνἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionγενεῆςlineageγενεά · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐκὀνομάζωνnamingὀνομάζω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἄνωχθιἄνδραmanἀνήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὀνομάζωνἕκαστονeachἕκαστος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἄνδρα - 69
honoring them all; do not be proud in your heart,
πάνταςallπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of κυδαίνωνκυδαίνωνhonoringκυδαίνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἄνωχθιμεγαλίζεοbe proudμεγαλίζομαι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbθυμῷin spiritθυμός · dative singular masculine nounobject of μεγαλίζεο - 70
but let us labor ourselves as well; for so it was upon us
Metre
ἀλλὰκαὶαὐτοίπερ‖πονεώμεθαὧδέπουἄμμι
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleαὐτοίourselvesαὐτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπερtooπέρ · particleemphasizing particleπονεώμεθαlet us laborπονέω · present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbὧδέthusὧδε · adverbadverbial to ἵειπουsomehowπού · adverbsentence particleἄμμιupon usἐγώ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἐπὶ - 71
that Zeus laid heavy hardship from the hour of our birth."
Metre
Ζεὺςἐπὶγιγνομένοισιν‖ἵεικακότηταβαρεῖαν
ΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἵειἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionγιγνομένοισινour birthγίγνομαι · present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculinecircumstantial complementἵειlaidἵημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκακότηταhardshipκακότης · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἵειβαρεῖανheavyβαρύς · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κακότητα - 72
So he spoke and sent his brother away, giving him good instructions;
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνἀπέπεμπεν‖ἀδελφεὸνεὖἐπιτείλας
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνhaving spokenεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀπέπεμπενἀπέπεμπενsent awayἀποπέμπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀδελφεὸνbrotherἀδελφός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀπέπεμπενεὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to ἐπιτείλαςἐπιτείλαςinstructingἐπιτέλλω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀπέπεμπεν - 73
and he went on to Nestor, shepherd of the people.
Metre
αὐτὰρὃβῆἰέναι‖μετὰΝέστοραποιμέναλαῶν
αὐτὰρthenἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of βῆβῆset outβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbῥsoἄρα · particlesentence particleἰέναιto goεἶμι · present active infinitiveobject of βῆμετὰafterμετά · prepositionprepositionΝέστοραNestorΝέστωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of μετὰποιμέναshepherdποιμήν · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Νέστοραλαῶνpeopleλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ποιμένα - 74
He found him beside his hut and black ship,
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of εὗρενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordεὗρενfoundεὑρίσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπαράbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionτεandτε · particlesentence particleκλισίῃhutκλισία · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνηῒshipναῦς · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to καὶμελαίνῃblackμέλας · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νηῒ - 75
in a soft bed; and beside him his richly wrought armor lay:
Metre
εὐνῇἔνιμαλακῇ‖παρὰἔντεαποικίλἔκειτο
εὐνῇbedεὐνή · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἔνιἔνιinἐν · prepositionprepositionμαλακῇsoftμαλακός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies εὐνῇπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔντεαarmorἔντεα · nominative plural neuter nounsubjectποικίλrichly wroughtποικίλος · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔντεαἔκειτοlayκεῖμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 76
his shield and two spears and shining helmet.
Metre
ἀσπὶςκαὶδύοδοῦρε‖φαεινήτετρυφάλεια
ἀσπὶςshieldἀσπίς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τεκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleδύοtwoδύο · numeralmodifies δοῦρεδοῦρεspearsδόρυ · nominative dual neuter nounsubject of τεφαεινήshiningφαεινός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies τρυφάλειατεandτε · particlecoordinating wordτρυφάλειαhelmetτρυφάλεια · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τε - 77
Beside him lay the gleaming belt with which the old man
Metre
πὰρδὲζωστὴρκεῖτο‖παναίολοςᾧὁγεραιὸς
πὰρbesideπαρά · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordζωστὴρbeltζωστήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κεῖτοκεῖτοlayκεῖμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπαναίολοςgleamingπαναίολος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ζωστὴρᾧwith whichὅς · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ζώννυθ̓ῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὁtheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies γεραιὸςγεραιὸςold manγεραιός · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of ζώννυθ̓ - 78
would gird himself whenever he armed for man-destroying war
Metre
ζώννυθὅτἐςπόλεμον‖φθισήνοραθωρήσσοιτο
ζώννυθwould gird himselfζώννυμι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ζωστὴρὅτwheneverὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἐςforεἰς · prepositionprepositionπόλεμονwarπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐςφθισήνοραman-destroyingφθισήνωρ · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πόλεμονθωρήσσοιτοarmedθωρήσσω · present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτ̓ - 79
and led his people, since he did not yield to grievous age.
Metre
λαὸνἄγωνἐπεὶοὐ‖μὲνἐπέτρεπεγήραϊλυγρῷ
λαὸνpeopleλαός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἄγωνἄγωνleadingἄγω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to θωρήσσοιτοἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐπέτρεπεyieldἐπιτρέπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶγήραϊageγῆρας · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἐπέτρεπελυγρῷgrievousλυγρός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies γήραϊ - 80
Rising upon his elbow and lifting his head,
Metre
ὀρθωθεὶςἄρἐπἀγκῶνος‖κεφαλὴνἐπαείρας
ὀρθωθεὶςrisingὀρθόω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέειπεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionἀγκῶνοςelbowἀγκών · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐπ̓κεφαλὴνheadκεφαλή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπαείραςἐπαείραςliftingἐπαίρω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέειπε - 81
he addressed the son of Atreus and questioned him:
Metre
Ἀτρεΐδηνπροσέειπε‖καὶἐξερεείνετομύθῳ
ἈτρεΐδηνAtreus' sonἈτρείδης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶπροσέειπεaddressedπροσεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐξερεείνετοquestionedἐξερεείνω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμύθῳwith wordsμῦθος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐξερεείνετο - 82
"Who are you, walking alone through the camp beside the ships
Metre
τίςοὗτοςκατὰνῆας‖ἀνὰστρατὸνἔρχεαιοἶος
τίςwhoτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies οὗτοςδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὗτοςyou thereοὗτος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementκατὰalongκατά · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of κατὰἀνὰthroughἀνά · prepositionprepositionστρατὸνcampστρατός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀνὰἔρχεαιwalkἔρχομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbοἶοςaloneοἶος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 83
through the dark night, when other mortals sleep?
Metre
νύκταδιὀρφναίην‖ὅτεεὕδουσιβροτοὶἄλλοι
νύκταnightνύξ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of δἰδιthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionὀρφναίηνdarkὀρφναῖος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νύκταὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionθas usualτε · particlesentence particleεὕδουσιsleepεὕδω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὅτεβροτοὶmortalsβροτός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of εὕδουσιἄλλοιotherἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies βροτοὶ - 84
Are you searching for one of the mules, or for a companion?
Metre
ἠέτινοὐρήων‖διζήμενοςἤτινἑταίρων
ἠέorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleτινoneτις · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of διζήμενοςοὐρήωνmulesοὐρεύς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τιν̓διζήμενοςsearching forδίζημαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἤἤorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordτινoneτις · accusative singular masculine pronounobjectἑταίρωνcompanionsἑταῖρος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τιν̓ - 85
Speak, and do not come toward me in silence. What need brings you?"
φθέγγεοspeakφθέγγομαι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἀκέωνsilentἀκέων · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐπtowardἐπί · prepositionprepositionἔμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπ̓ἔρχεοcomeἔρχομαι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbτίπτεwhyτίπτε · pronounadverbialδέthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordσεyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobjectχρεώneedχρεώ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject - 86
Then Agamemnon, lord of men, answered him:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἠμείβετ̓δthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἠμείβετansweredἀμείβω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔπειταnextἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἠμείβετ̓ἄναξlordἄναξ · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγαμέμνωνἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἄναξἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠμείβετ̓ - 87
"Nestor, son of Neleus, great glory of the Achaeans,
Metre
ὦΝέστορΝηληϊάδη‖μέγακῦδοςἈχαιῶν
ὦOὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleΝέστορNestorΝέστωρ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headΝηληϊάδηson of NeleusΝηληιάδης · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies Νέστορμέγαgreatμέγας · vocative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κῦδοςκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · vocative singular neuter noungoverned by an elided headἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies κῦδος - 88
you will recognize Atreus' son Agamemnon, whom above all
Metre
γνώσεαιἈτρεΐδην‖Ἀγαμέμνονατὸνπερὶπάντων
γνώσεαιyou will recognizeγιγνώσκω · future middle indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἈτρεΐδηνAtreus' sonἈτρείδης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈγαμέμνοναἈγαμέμνοναAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of γνώσεαιτὸνwhomὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐνέηκεπερὶaboveπερί · prepositionprepositionπάντωνallπᾶς · genitive plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to περὶ - 89
Zeus has thrust continually amid labors, for as long as breath
Metre
Ζεὺςἐνέηκεπόνοισι‖διαμπερὲςεἰςὅἀϋτμὴ
ΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐνέηκεἐνέηκεhas thrustἐνίημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἀγαμέμνοναπόνοισιlaborsπόνος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐνέηκεδιαμπερὲςcontinuallyδιαμπερές · adverbadverbial to ἐνέηκεεἰςuntilεἰς · prepositionprepositionὅthe timeὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to εἰςκeverἄν · particlesentence particleἀϋτμὴbreathἀυτμή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of μένῃ - 90
remains in my breast and strength rises in my dear knees.
Metre
ἐνστήθεσσιμένῃ‖καίμοιφίλαγούνατὀρώρῃ
ἐνwithinἐν · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσιbreastστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἐνμένῃremainsμένω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καίκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμοιmyἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies γούνατ̓φίλαdearφίλος · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies γούνατ̓γούνατkneesγόνυ · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of ὀρώρῃὀρώρῃhas risenὄρνυμι · perfect active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καί - 91
I wander so because sweet sleep does not settle
Metre
πλάζομαιὧδἐπεὶοὔ‖μοιἐπὄμμασινήδυμοςὕπνος
πλάζομαιI wanderπλάζω · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbὧδthusὧδε · adverbadverbial to πλάζομαιἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμοιfor meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies ὄμμασιἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionὄμμασιeyesὄμμα · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἐπ̓νήδυμοςsweetνήδυμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὕπνοςὕπνοςsleepὕπνος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἱζάνει - 92
upon my eyes, but war and the cares of the Achaeans trouble me.
Metre
ἱζάνειἀλλὰμέλει‖πόλεμοςκαὶκήδεἈχαιῶν
ἱζάνειsettlesἱζάνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἀλλὰἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordμέλειtroublesμέλω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἀλλὰπόλεμοςwarπόλεμος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκήδεcaresκῆδος · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of καὶἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies κήδἐ - 93
For I fear terribly for the Danaans, and my heart
Metre
αἰνῶςγὰρΔαναῶν‖περιδείδιαοὐδέμοιἦτορ
αἰνῶςterriblyαἰνός · adverbadverbial to περιδείδιαγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleΔαναῶνDanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounobject of περιδείδιαπεριδείδιαI fearπεριδείδω · perfect active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbThe perfect expresses an enduring state of fear: I am terribly afraid.
μοιmyἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἦτορἦτορheartἦτορ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject - 94
is not steady, but I am distraught; my heart leaps
Metre
ἔμπεδονἀλλἀλαλύκτημαι‖κραδίηδέμοιἔξω
ἔμπεδονsteadyἔμπεδος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctionsentence particleἀλαλύκτημαιI am distraughtἀλαλύκτημαι · perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbA reduplicated perfect conveying his continuing distraught condition.
κραδίηheartκαρδία · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐκθρῴσκειδέandδέ · particlesentence particleμοιmyἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies κραδίηἔξωoutwardἔξω · prepositionpreposition - 95
out of my chest, and my shining limbs tremble beneath me.
στηθέωνchestστῆθος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἔξωἐκθρῴσκειleapsἐκθρῴσκω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτρομέειtrembleτρομέω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionemphasizing particleφαίδιμαshiningφαίδιμος · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies γυῖαγυῖαlimbsγυῖον · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of τρομέει - 96
But if you can do anything, since sleep does not reach you either,
Metre
ἀλλεἴτιδραίνεις‖ἐπεὶοὐδὲσέὕπνοςἱκάνει
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτιanythingτις · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of δραίνειςδραίνειςyou can doδραίνω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to εἴἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionσέyou tooσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of ἱκάνειγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleὕπνοςsleepὕπνος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἱκάνειἱκάνειreachesἱκάνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶ - 97
come, let us go down to the guards, so that we may see
Metre
δεῦρἐςτοὺςφύλακας‖καταβήομενὄφραἴδωμεν
δεῦρcomeδεῦρο · adverbobject of καταβήομενἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionτοὺςtheὁ · accusative plural masculine articlemodifies φύλακαςφύλακαςguardsφύλαξ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐςκαταβήομενlet us descendκαταβαίνω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbὄφραso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἴδωμενwe may seeεἶδον · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to ὄφρα - 98
whether, worn down by toil and sleep,
μὴlestμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionIntroduces an apprehensive question: to see whether perhaps they have fallen asleep.
τοὶtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of κοιμήσωνταιμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκαμάτῳwith wearinessκάματος · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἀδηκότεςworn downἀδέω · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to κοιμήσωνταιἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctionsentence particleκαὶalsoκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὕπνῳsleepὕπνος · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶ - 99
they have lain down and utterly forgotten their watch.
Metre
κοιμήσωνταιἀτὰρ‖φυλακῆςἐπὶπάγχυλάθωνται
κοιμήσωνταιhave lain downκοιμάω · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verbobject of ἀτὰρἀτὰρandἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordφυλακῆςwatchφυλακεύς · nominative plural masculine nounobject of λάθωνταιἐπὶfromἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleπάγχυutterlyπάγχυ · adverbadverbial to λάθωνταιλάθωνταιhave forgottenλανθάνω · present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verbobject of ἀτὰρ - 100
The enemy men sit nearby, and we do not know
δυσμενέεςenemyδυσμενής · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἄνδρεςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄνδρεςmenἀνήρ · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of εἵαταισχεδὸνnearbyσχεδόν · adverbadverbial to εἵαταιεἵαταιsitἧμαι · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbτιanythingτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to ἴδμενἴδμενwe knowοἶδα · perfect active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verb - 101
whether they may be eager to fight even through the night."
Metre
μήπωςκαὶδιὰνύκτα‖μενοινήσωσιμάχεσθαι
μήwhetherμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπωςsomehowπως · particlesentence particleκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionνύκταnightνύξ · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to διὰμενοινήσωσιthey intendμενοινάω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbobject of μήμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of μενοινήσωσι - 102
Then Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, answered him:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἠμείβετ̓δthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἠμείβετansweredἀμείβω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔπειταnextἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἠμείβετ̓ΓερήνιοςGerenianΓερήνιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἱππόταἱππόταhorsemanἱππότης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΝέστωρΝέστωρNestorΝέστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠμείβετ̓ - 103
"Son of Atreus, most glorious, Agamemnon, lord of men,
Metre
Ἀτρεΐδηκύδιστε‖ἄναξἀνδρῶνἈγάμεμνον
Ἀτρεΐδηson of AtreusἈτρείδης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headκύδιστεmost gloriousκύδιστος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀτρεΐδηἄναξlordἄναξ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἄναξἈγάμεμνονAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided head - 104
Zeus the counselor will surely not fulfill for Hector all the plans
Metre
οὔθηνἝκτοριπάντα‖νοήματαμητίεταΖεὺς
οὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleθηνsurelyθήν · particlesentence particleAn emphatic particle conveying the speaker's confidence: surely.
Ἕκτοριfor HectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐκτελέειπάνταallπᾶς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies νοήματανοήματαplansνόημα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐκτελέειμητίεταcounselorμητίετα · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΖεὺςΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐκτελέει - 105
he now hopes for. Rather, I think he
Metre
ἐκτελέειὅσαπού‖νυνἐέλπεταιἀλλάμινοἴω
ἐκτελέειwill fulfillἐκτελέω · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὅσαas many asὅσος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἐέλπεταιπούperhapsπού · adverbsentence particleνυνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἐέλπεταιἐέλπεταιhe hopesἔλπω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing νοήματαἀλλάbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of μοχθήσεινοἴωI thinkοἴω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 106
will labor amid still more troubles, if Achilles
Metre
κήδεσιμοχθήσειν‖καὶπλείοσινεἴκενἈχιλλεὺς
κήδεσιamid troublesκῆδος · dative plural neuter nounobject of μοχθήσεινμοχθήσεινwill laborμοχθέω · future active infinitiveobject of οἴωκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleπλείοσινmoreπλείων · dative plural neuter comparative adjectivemodifies κήδεσιεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκενperhapsἄν · particlesentence particleἈχιλλεὺςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of μεταστρέψῃ - 107
turns his own heart away from bitter anger.
Metre
ἐκχόλουἀργαλέοιο‖μεταστρέψῃφίλονἦτορ
ἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionχόλουangerχόλος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκἀργαλέοιοbitterἀργαλέος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies χόλουμεταστρέψῃturnsμεταστρέφω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἴφίλονhis ownφίλος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦτορἦτορheartἦτορ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of μεταστρέψῃ - 108
I will gladly follow you; and let us also wake the others:
Metre
σοὶδὲμάλἕψομἐγώ‖ποτὶαὖκαὶἐγείρομενἄλλους
σοὶyouσύ · dative singular pronounobject of ἕψομ̓δὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμάλreadilyμάλα · adverbadverbial to ἕψομ̓ἕψομwill followἕπομαι · future middle indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἐγώIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἕψομ̓ποτὶbesidesπρός · adverbsentence particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖin turnαὖ · adverbsentence particleκαὶalsoκαί · adverbsentence particleἐγείρομενlet us wakeἐγείρω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbἄλλουςothersἄλλος · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject - 109
the son of Tydeus, famed with the spear, and Odysseus,
Metre
ἠμὲνΤυδεΐδην‖δουρὶκλυτὸνἠδὈδυσῆα
ἠμὲνbothἠμέν · conjunctionsentence particleΤυδεΐδηνson of TydeusΤυδείδης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶδουρὶwith spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounmodifies κλυτὸνκλυτὸνfamedκλυτός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Τυδεΐδηνἠδandἠδέ · conjunctionsentence particleὈδυσῆαOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶ - 110
and swift Ajax, son of Oileus, and the valiant son of Phyleus.
Metre
ἠδΑἴανταταχὺν‖καὶΦυλέοςἄλκιμονυἱόν
ἠδandἠδέ · conjunctionsentence particleΑἴανταAjaxΑἴας · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶταχὺνswiftταχύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Αἴαντακαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΦυλέοςPhyleus'Φυλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱόνἄλκιμονvaliantἄλκιμος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱόνυἱόνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶ - 111
But if only someone would go and call these men as well:
Metre
ἀλλεἴτιςκαὶτούσδε‖μετοιχόμενοςκαλέσειεν
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleεἴif onlyεἰ · conjunctionsentence particleτιςsomeoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καλέσειενκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleτούσδεthese menὅδε · accusative plural masculine pronounobjectμετοιχόμενοςgoing aboutμετοίχομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to καλέσειενκαλέσειενwould callκαλέω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 112
godlike Ajax, son of Telamon, and lord Idomeneus,
ἀντίθεόνgodlikeἀνατίθημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing Αἴαντατandτε · particlesentence particleΑἴανταAjaxΑἴας · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἸδομενῆαIdomeneusἸδομενεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἄνακταlordἄναξ · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἰδομενῆα - 113
for their ships are the farthest away, and by no means near.
Metre
τῶνγὰρνῆεςἔασιν‖ἑκαστάτωοὐδὲμάλἐγγύς
τῶνtheirὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies νῆεςγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleνῆεςshipsναῦς · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἔασινἔασινareεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἑκαστάτωfarthestἑκάς · adverbadverbial to ἔασινμάλby no meansμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleἐγγύςnearἐγγύς · adverbadverbial - 114
But Menelaus, though he is dear to me and honored,
Metre
ἀλλὰφίλονπερἐόντα‖καὶαἰδοῖονΜενέλαον
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleφίλονdearφίλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἐόνταbeingεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordαἰδοῖονhonoredαἰδοῖος · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounΜενέλαονMenelausΜενέλαος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of νεικέσω - 115
I will rebuke him, even if you resent me, and I will not conceal
Metre
νεικέσωεἴπέρμοι‖νεμεσήσεαιοὐδἐπικεύσω
νεικέσωI will rebukeνεικέω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbεἴeven ifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπέρindeedπέρ · particlesentence particleμοιat meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of νεμεσήσεαινεμεσήσεαιyou resentνεμεσάω · future middle indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to εἴἐπικεύσωI will concealἐπικεύθω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 116
how he sleeps and has left you alone to labor.
Metre
ὡςεὕδεισοὶοἴῳ‖ἐπέτρεψενπονέεσθαι
ὡςhowὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionεὕδειhe sleepsεὕδω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of δ̓σοὶto youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of ἐπέτρεψενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἴῳaloneοἶος · dative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐπέτρεψενhas leftἐπιτρέπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of δ̓πονέεσθαιto laborπονέω · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἐπέτρεψεν - 117
He ought now to be laboring among all the princes,
Metre
νῦνὄφελενκατὰπάντας‖ἀριστῆαςπονέεσθαι
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ὄφελενὄφελενoughtὀφείλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκατὰamongκατά · prepositionprepositionπάνταςallπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀριστῆαςἀριστῆαςprincesἀριστεύς · accusative plural masculine nounadverbial to κατὰπονέεσθαιto laborπονέω · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ὄφελεν - 118
appealing to them, for the need upon us can no longer be borne."
Metre
λισσόμενοςχρειὼ‖γὰρἱκάνεταιοὐκέτἀνεκτός
λισσόμενοςappealingλίσσομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to πονέεσθαιχρειὼneedχρεώ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἱκάνεταιγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἱκάνεταιhas comeἱκάνω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοὐκέτno longerοὐκέτι · adverbemphasizing particleἀνεκτόςbearableἀνεκτός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χρειὼ - 119
Then Agamemnon, lord of men, addressed him in turn:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέειπενδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτεagainαὖτε · adverbsentence particleπροσέειπενaddressedπροσεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄναξlordἄναξ · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγαμέμνωνἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἄναξἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέειπεν - 120
"Old man, at other times I even urge you to blame him,
Metre
ὦγέρονἄλλοτεμέν‖σεκαὶαἰτιάασθαιἄνωγα
ὦOὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleγέρονold manγέρων · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἄλλοτεat other timesἄλλοτε · adverbadverbial to ἄνωγαμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleσεyouσύ · accusative singular pronounsubject of αἰτιάασθαικαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleαἰτιάασθαιto blameαἰτιάομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἄνωγαἄνωγαI urgeἄνωγα · perfect active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 121
for often he hangs back and is unwilling to labor,
Metre
πολλάκιγὰρμεθιεῖ‖τεκαὶοὐκἐθέλειπονέεσθαι
πολλάκιoftenπολλάκις · adverbadverbial to καὶγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleμεθιεῖhangs backμεθίημι · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶalsoκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἐθέλειis willingἐθέλω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπονέεσθαιto laborπονέω · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἐθέλει - 122
yielding neither to hesitation nor to thoughtlessness of mind,
Metre
οὔτὄκνῳεἴκων‖οὔτἀφραδίῃσινόοιο
οὔτʼneitherοὔτε · conjunctioncoordinating wordὄκνῳhesitationὄκνος · dative singular masculine nounobject of εἴκωνεἴκωνyieldingεἴκω · present active participle, nominative singular masculinecircumstantial complementεἴκω, 'give way, yield', takes the dative (ὄκνῳ, ἀφραδίῃσι); describes an unnamed subject introduced earlier in the sentence, not present in this segment.
οὔτʼnorοὔτε · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀφραδίῃσιthoughtlessnessἀφραδία · dative plural feminine nounobject of εἴκωνEpic dative plural in -ῃσι; poetic plural of the abstract noun, 'thoughtlessness'.
νόοιοof mindνόος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἀφραδίῃσιEpic genitive singular ending -οιο (= Attic -ου).
- 123
but because he looks to me and waits for my lead.
Metre
ἀλλἐμέεἰσορόων‖καὶἐμὴνποτιδέγμενοςὁρμήν
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐμέmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of εἰσορόωντbothτε · particlesentence particleεἰσορόωνlooking toεἰσοράω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐμὴνmyἐμός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ὁρμήνποτιδέγμενοςawaitingπροσδέχομαι · aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to καὶὁρμήνleadὁρμή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ποτιδέγμενος - 124
But now he woke well before I did and came to me.
Metre
νῦνἐμέοπρότερος‖μάλἐπέγρετοκαίμοιἐπέστη
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to καίδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐμέοmeἐγώ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies πρότεροςπρότεροςbeforeπρότερος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementμάλwellμάλα · adverbadverbial to ἐπέγρετοἐπέγρετοhe wokeἐπεγείρω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπέστηἐπέστηcameἐφίστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 125
I sent him on to call the very men you ask after.
Metre
τὸνμὲνἐγὼπροέηκα‖καλήμεναιοὓςσὺμεταλλᾷς
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προέηκαμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of προέηκαπροέηκαsent aheadπροίημι · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbκαλήμεναιto callκαλέω · present active infinitiveadverbial to προέηκαοὓςwhomὅς · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of μεταλλᾷςσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of μεταλλᾷςμεταλλᾷςask afterμεταλλάω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbobject of καλήμεναι - 126
But let us go; we shall find them before the gates,
Metre
ἀλλἴομενκείνους‖δὲκιχησόμεθαπρὸπυλάων
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἴομενlet us goεἶμι · present active subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbκείνουςthose menκεῖνος · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of κιχησόμεθαδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκιχησόμεθαwe shall findκιχάνω · future middle indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbπρὸbeforeπρό · prepositionprepositionπυλάωνgatesπύλη · genitive plural feminine nounobject of πρὸ - 127
among the guards, for there I told them to gather."
Metre
ἐνφυλάκεσσἵναγάρ‖σφινἐπέφραδονἠγερέθεσθαι
ἐνamongἐν · prepositionprepositionφυλάκεσσguardsφύλαξ · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐνἵναwhereἵνα · adverbadverbial to ἠγερέθεσθαιγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleσφινthemσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἐπέφραδονἐπέφραδονI toldφράζω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbverb of a clause describing φυλάκεσσ̓ἠγερέθεσθαιto gatherἠγερέθομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἐπέφραδον - 128
Then Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, answered him:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἠμείβετ̓δthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἠμείβετansweredἀμείβω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔπειταnextἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἠμείβετ̓ΓερήνιοςGerenianΓερήνιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἱππόταἱππόταhorsemanἱππότης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΝέστωρΝέστωρNestorΝέστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠμείβετ̓ - 129
"In that case no one among the Argives will resent him or disobey
Metre
οὕτωςοὔτίςοἱ‖νεμεσήσεταιοὐδἀπιθήσει
οὕτωςthusοὕτως · adverbadverbial to δ̓οὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτίςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δ̓οἱat himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of δ̓νεμεσήσεταιwill resentνεμεσάω · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀπιθήσειwill disobeyἀπιθέω · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 130
whenever he urges a man on and gives him orders."
Metre
Ἀργείωνὅτεκέν‖τινἐποτρύνῃκαὶἀνώγῃ
ἈργείωνArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τίςὅτεwheneverὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκένeverἄν · particlesentence particleτινsomeoneτις · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of καὶἐποτρύνῃhe urgesἐποτρύνω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀνώγῃcommandsἄνωγα · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶ - 131
So he spoke, and put a tunic about his chest,
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνἔνδυνε‖περὶστήθεσσιχιτῶνα
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνhaving spokenεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔνδυνεἔνδυνεput onἐνδύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσιchestστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounobject of περὶχιτῶναtunicχιτών · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔνδυνε - 132
beneath his glistening feet he bound fair sandals,
ποσσὶfeetπούς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ὑπὸδandδέ · particlesentence particleὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionemphasizing particleλιπαροῖσινglisteningλιπαρός · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ποσσὶἐδήσατοboundδέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαλὰfairκαλός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies πέδιλαπέδιλαsandalsπέδιλον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐδήσατο - 133
and around him he fastened a crimson cloak with a brooch,
Metre
ἀμφὶἄραχλαῖναν‖περονήσατοφοινικόεσσαν
ἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleχλαῖνανcloakχλαῖνα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of περονήσατοπερονήσατοfastenedπερονάω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφοινικόεσσανcrimsonφοινικόεις · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies - 134
double and broad, with a thick nap spread over it.
Metre
διπλῆνἐκταδίην‖οὔληἐπενήνοθελάχνη
διπλῆνdoubleδιπλόος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifiesἐκταδίηνbroadἐκτάδιος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifiesοὔληthickοὖλος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies λάχνηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπενήνοθεspread overἐπινηνέω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd verbmain verbλάχνηnapλάχνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐπενήνοθε - 135
He took his stout spear, sharpened with keen bronze,
Metre
εἵλετοἄλκιμονἔγχος‖ἀκαχμένονὀξέϊχαλκῷ
εἵλετοtookαἱρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄλκιμονstoutἄλκιμος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of εἵλετοἀκαχμένονsharpenedἀκαχμένος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςὀξέϊkeenὀξύς · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χαλκῷχαλκῷbronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἀκαχμένον - 136
and went along the ships of the bronze-clad Achaeans.
Metre
βῆἰέναικατὰνῆας‖Ἀχαιῶνχαλκοχιτώνων
βῆset outβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἰέναιto goεἶμι · present active infinitiveobject of βῆκατὰalongκατά · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of κατὰἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies νῆαςχαλκοχιτώνωνbronze-cladχαλκοχίτων · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχαιῶν - 137
First Odysseus, the equal of Zeus in counsel,
Metre
πρῶτονἔπειτὈδυσῆα‖Διὶμῆτινἀτάλαντον
πρῶτονfirstπρῶτος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀνέγειρεἔπειτthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἀνέγειρεὈδυσῆαOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀνέγειρεΔιὶZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounmodifies ἀτάλαντονμῆτινin counselμῆτις · accusative singular feminine nounmodifies ἀτάλαντονἀτάλαντονequalἀτάλαντος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ὀδυσῆα - 138
Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, woke from sleep,
Metre
ἐξὕπνουἀνέγειρε‖ΓερήνιοςἱππόταΝέστωρ
ἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionὕπνουsleepὕπνος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐξἀνέγειρεwokeἀνεγείρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΓερήνιοςGerenianΓερήνιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἱππόταἱππόταhorsemanἱππότης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΝέστωρΝέστωρNestorΝέστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀνέγειρε - 139
calling aloud; and at once the cry reached his mind.
φθεγξάμενοςcalling aloudφθέγγομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀνέγειρετὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἤλυθ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleαἶψαat onceαἶψα · adverbadverbial to ἤλυθ̓περὶthroughπερί · prepositionprepositionφρέναςmindφρήν · accusative plural feminine nounobject of περὶἤλυθreachedἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἰωήcryἰωή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἤλυθ̓ - 140
He came out from his hut and spoke a word to them:
ἐκout ofἐκ · prepositionprepositionδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἦλθεcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκλισίηςhutκλισία · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐκκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordσφεαςthemσφεῖς · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of πρὸςπρὸςtoπρός · prepositionprepositionμῦθονwordμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔειπεἔειπεspokeεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 141
“Why do you wander alone through the camp along the ships
Metre
τίφθοὕτωκατὰνῆας‖ἀνὰστρατὸνοἶοιἀλᾶσθε
τίφθwhyτίπτε · pronounadverbial to ἀλᾶσθεοὕτωthusοὕτως · adverbadverbial to ἀλᾶσθεκατὰalongκατά · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of κατὰἀνὰthroughἀνά · prepositionprepositionστρατὸνcampστρατός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀνὰοἶοιaloneοἶος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀλᾶσθεdo you wanderἀλάομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verbmain verb - 142
through the immortal night? What need so great has come upon you?”
Metre
νύκταδιἀμβροσίην‖ὅτιδὴχρειὼτόσονἵκει
νύκταnightνύξ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of δἰδιthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionἀμβροσίηνimmortalἀμβρόσιος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νύκταὅwhatὅς · nominative singular neuter pronounsubordinating conjunctionτιsomeτις · nominative singular neuter pronounemphasizing particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleχρειὼneedχρεώ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἵκειτόσονso greatτόσος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies χρειὼἵκειhas comeἵκω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅ - 143
Then Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, answered him:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἠμείβετ̓δthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἠμείβετansweredἀμείβω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔπειταnextἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἠμείβετ̓ΓερήνιοςGerenianΓερήνιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἱππόταἱππόταhorsemanἱππότης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΝέστωρΝέστωρNestorΝέστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠμείβετ̓ - 144
"Odysseus, son of Laertes, sprung from Zeus, of many devices,
Metre
διογενὲςΛαερτιάδη‖πολυμήχανὈδυσσεῦ
διογενὲςsprung from Zeusδιογενής · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΛαερτιάδηΛαερτιάδηson of LaertesΛαερτιάδης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headπολυμήχανof many devicesπολυμήχανος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσσεῦὈδυσσεῦOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided head - 145
do not be angry; for such grief has overwhelmed the Achaeans.
Metre
μὴνεμέσατοῖον‖γὰρἄχοςβεβίηκενἈχαιούς
μὴdo notμή · particleemphasizing particleνεμέσαbe angryνεμεσάω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbτοῖονsuchτοῖος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἄχοςγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἄχοςgriefἄχος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of βεβίηκενβεβίηκενhas overwhelmedβιάω · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of βεβίηκεν - 146
But come, so that we may wake another man, one who is fit
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἕπεcome alongἕπομαι · aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbὄφραso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἄλλονanotherἄλλος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἐγείρομενἐγείρομενwe may wakeἐγείρω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to ὄφραὅνwhoὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of βουλεύειντindeedτε · particlesentence particleἐπέοικεis fitἐπέοικε · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἄλλον - 147
to devise our counsels, whether to flee or to fight.”
Metre
βουλὰςβουλεύειν‖ἢφευγέμενἠὲμάχεσθαι
βουλὰςcounselsβουλή · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ,βουλεύεινto deviseβουλεύω · present active infinitiveobject of ἐπέοικεἢwhetherἤ · conjunctionsentence particleφευγέμενto fleeφεύγω · present active infinitiveobject of ἠὲἠὲorἠέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἠὲ - 148
So he spoke; and Odysseus of many wiles went to his hut,
Metre
ὣςφάθὃδὲκλισίην‖δὲκιὼνπολύμητιςὈδυσσεὺς
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάθ̓φάθhe spokeφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleκλισίηνhutκλισία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of κιὼνδὲtoδέ · particleemphasizing particleκιὼνgoingκίω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to θέτοπολύμητιςof many wilesπολύμητις · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσσεὺςὈδυσσεὺςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 149
set a richly wrought shield about his shoulders, and followed them.
Metre
ποικίλονἀμφὤμοισι‖σάκοςθέτοβῆδὲμεταὐτούς
ποικίλονrichly wroughtποικίλος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies σάκοςἀμφaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionὤμοισιshouldersὦμος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀμφ̓σάκοςshieldσάκος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of θέτοθέτοsetτίθημι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμετafterμετά · prepositionprepositionαὐτούςthemαὐτός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of μετ̓ - 150
They went to Diomedes, son of Tydeus, and found him
Metre
βὰνἐπὶΤυδεΐδην‖Διομήδεατὸνδὲκίχανον
βὰνthey wentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπὶtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionΤυδεΐδηνson of TydeusΤυδεΐδης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ΔιομήδεαΔιομήδεαDiomedesΔιομήδης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπὶτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of κίχανονδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκίχανονfoundκιχάνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 151
outside his hut with his arms; around him his companions
Metre
ἐκτὸςἀπὸκλισίης‖σὺντεύχεσινἀμφὶἑταῖροι
ἐκτὸςoutsideἐκτός · adverbadverbial to κίχανονἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionκλισίηςhutκλισία · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀπὸσὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionτεύχεσινarmsτεῦχος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to σὺνἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · adverbadverbial to εὗδονδandδέ · particlesentence particleἑταῖροιcompanionsἑταῖρος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of εὗδον - 152
slept with shields beneath their heads, while their spears
Metre
εὗδονὑπὸκρασὶν‖ἔχονἀσπίδαςἔγχεαδέσφιν
εὗδονsleptεὕδω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionκρασὶνheadsκράς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ὑπὸδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔχονhadἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀσπίδαςshieldsἀσπίς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἔχονἔγχεαspearsἔγχος · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of ἐλήλατοδέandδέ · particlesentence particleσφινfor themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounmodifies ἔγχεα - 153
stood upright upon their butt-spikes, fixed in the ground, and far off the bronze
Metre
ὄρθἐπὶσαυρωτῆρος‖ἐλήλατοτῆλεδὲχαλκὸς
ὄρθuprightὄρθ · nominative plural neuter adjectivecircumstantial complementἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionσαυρωτῆροςbutt-spikeσαυρωτήρ · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐπὶἐλήλατοwere fixedἐλαύνω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbThe pluperfect pictures the spears as already driven into the ground by their butt-spikes.
τῆλεfar offτῆλε · adverbadverbial to λάμφ̓δὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχαλκὸςbronzeχαλκός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of λάμφ̓ - 154
flashed like the lightning of father Zeus. But the hero
Metre
λάμφὥςτεστεροπὴ‖πατρὸςΔιόςαὐτὰρὅἥρως
λάμφflashedλάμπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὥςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialτεasτε · particlesentence particleστεροπὴlightningστεροπή · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectπατρὸςfatherπατήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ΔιόςΔιόςZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies στεροπὴαὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὅtheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies ἥρωςγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἥρωςheroἥρως · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓ - 155
slept, with the hide of a field-dwelling ox spread beneath him,
εὗδsleptεὕδω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlesentence particleἔστρωτοwas spreadστορέννυμι · pluperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbῥινὸνhideῥινόν · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔστρωτοβοὸςoxβοῦς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ῥινὸνἀγραύλοιοfield-dwellingἄγραυλος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies βοὸς - 156
and under his head a gleaming rug was stretched.
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionκράτεσφιheadκράτος · dative plural nounobject of ὑπὸτάπηςrugτάπης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τετάνυστοτετάνυστοwas stretchedτανύω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφαεινόςgleamingφαεινός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τάπης - 157
Standing beside him, Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, woke him,
Metre
τὸνπαρστὰςἀνέγειρε‖ΓερήνιοςἱππόταΝέστωρ
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀνέγειρεπαρστὰςstanding besideπαρίστημι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀνέγειρεἀνέγειρεwokeἀνεγείρω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΓερήνιοςGerenianΓερήνιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἱππόταἱππόταhorsemanἱππότης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΝέστωρΝέστωρNestorΝέστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τ̓ - 158
stirring him with his heel; he urged him and rebuked him to his face:
Metre
λὰξποδὶκινήσας‖ὄτρυνέτενείκεσέἄντην
λὰξwith heelλάξ · adverbadverbial to κινήσαςποδὶfootπούς · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to κινήσαςκινήσαςstirringκινέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀνέγειρεὄτρυνέurgedὀτρύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτεandτε · particlesentence particleνείκεσέrebukedνεικέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτandτε · particlecoordinating wordἄντηνto his faceἄντην · adverbadverbial to νείκεσέ - 159
“Wake, son of Tydeus! Why do you sleep the whole night through?
Metre
ἔγρεοΤυδέοςυἱέ‖τίπάννυχονὕπνονἀωτεῖς
ἔγρεοwakeἐγείρω · aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbΤυδέοςTydeus'Τυδεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱέυἱέsonυἱός · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headτίwhyτίς · irregularadverbial to ἀωτεῖςπάννυχονall-nightπάννυχος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὕπνονὕπνονsleepὕπνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀωτεῖςἀωτεῖςdo you sleepἀωτέω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 160
Do you not hear how the Trojans sit upon the brow of the plain,
Metre
οὐκἀΐειςὡςΤρῶες‖ἐπὶθρωσμῷπεδίοιο
οὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἀΐειςdo you hearἀίω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbὡςhowὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of εἵαταιἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionθρωσμῷbrowθρωσμός · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπὶπεδίοιοplainπεδίον · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies θρωσμῷ - 161
close to the ships, and only a little ground still holds them back?”
εἵαταιsitἧμαι · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbobject of δ̓Perfect with present force: they are seated.
ἄγχιnearἄγχι · prepositionprepositionνεῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to ἄγχιὀλίγοςlittleὀλίγος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χῶροςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔτιstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to ἐρύκειχῶροςgroundχῶρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐρύκειἐρύκειholds backἐρύκω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 162
So he spoke, and Diomedes sprang very swiftly from sleep,
Metre
ὣςφάθὃἐξὕπνοιο‖μάλακραιπνῶςἀνόρουσε
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάθ̓φάθhe spokeφημί · aorist indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbElided epic form of the speech verb: he spoke.
ὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀνόρουσεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionὕπνοιοsleepὕπνον · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἐξμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleκραιπνῶςswiftlyκραιπνός · adverbadverbial to ἀνόρουσεἀνόρουσεsprangἀνορούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 163
and speaking to him, he addressed him with winged words:
Metre
καίμινφωνήσας‖ἔπεαπτερόενταπροσηύδα
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσηύδαφωνήσαςspeakingφωνέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσηύδαἔπεαwordsἔπος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of προσηύδαπτερόενταwingedπτερόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔπεαπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 164
“You are relentless, old man; you never cease from toil.
Metre
σχέτλιόςἐσσιγεραιέ‖σὺμὲνπόνουοὔποτελήγεις
σχέτλιόςrelentlessσχέτλιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐσσιyou areεἰμί · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbγεραιέold manγεραιός · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of λήγειςμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleπόνουtoilπόνος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of λήγειςοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleποτεeverποτέ · particlesentence particleλήγειςceaseλήγω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 165
Are there not other, younger sons of the Achaeans
Metre
οὔνυκαὶἄλλοιἔασι‖νεώτεροιυἷεςἈχαιῶν
οὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleνυthenνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἔασικαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἄλλοιotherἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies υἷεςἔασιare thereεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbνεώτεροιyoungerνέος · nominative plural masculine comparative adjectivemodifies υἷεςυἷεςsonsυἱός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἔασιἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies υἷες - 166
who could go everywhere and wake each one of the kings?
Metre
οἵκενἔπειταἕκαστον‖ἐγείρειανβασιλήων
οἵwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐγείρειανκενmightἄν · particlesentence particleἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἐγείρειανἕκαστονeachἕκαστος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἐγείρειανἐγείρειανwakeἐγείρω · aorist active optative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing υἷεςβασιλήωνkingsβασιλεύς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἕκαστον - 167
But there is no managing you, old man.”
Metre
πάντῃἐποιχόμενοι‖σὺἀμήχανόςἐσσιγεραιέ
πάντῃeverywhereπάντῃ · adverbobject of ἐποιχόμενοιἐποιχόμενοιgoing aboutἐποίχομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐγείρειανσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of ἐσσιδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀμήχανόςunmanageableἀμήχανος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐσσιareεἰμί · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbγεραιέold manγεραιός · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided head - 168
Then Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, spoke to him again:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέειπεδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτεagainαὖτε · adverbsentence particleπροσέειπεaddressedπροσεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΓερήνιοςGerenianΓερήνιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἱππόταἱππόταhorsemanἱππότης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΝέστωρΝέστωρNestorΝέστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέειπε - 169
“Yes, my friend, all this you have spoken in due measure.
Metre
ναὶδὴταῦτάγεπάντα‖φίλοςκατὰμοῖρανἔειπες
ναὶyesναί · adverbsentence particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleταῦτάthese thingsοὗτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἔειπεςγεat leastγε · particleemphasizing particleπάνταallπᾶς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ταῦτάφίλοςfriendφίλος · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionμοῖρανdue measureμοῖρα · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to κατὰἔειπεςyou spokeεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 170
I have blameless sons, and I have men,
Metre
εἰσὶνμένμοιπαῖδες‖ἀμύμονεςεἰσὶδὲλαοὶ
εἰσὶνthere areεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleμοιfor meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of εἰσὶνπαῖδεςsonsπαῖς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of εἰσὶνἀμύμονεςblamelessἀμύμων · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies παῖδεςεἰσὶthere areεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordλαοὶmenλαός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of εἰσὶ - 171
many of them, one of whom might go around and call the others.
Metre
καὶπολέεςτῶνκέν‖τιςἐποιχόμενοςκαλέσειεν
καὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleπολέεςmanyπολύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies λαοὶτῶνof whomὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies τιςκένmightἄν · particlesentence particleτιςoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καλέσειενἐποιχόμενοςrangingἐποίχομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to καλέσειενκαλέσειενmight callκαλέω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing λαοὶ - 172
But an overwhelming need has come upon the Achaeans.
Metre
ἀλλὰμάλαμεγάλη‖χρειὼβεβίηκενἈχαιούς
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleμάλαutterlyμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleμεγάληoverwhelmingμέγας · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χρειὼχρειὼneedχρεώ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of βεβίηκενβεβίηκενhas overwhelmedβιάω · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of βεβίηκεν - 173
For now, for all of them, the matter stands upon a razor's edge:
Metre
νῦνγὰρδὴπάντεσσιν‖ἐπὶξυροῦἵσταταιἀκμῆς
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἵσταταιγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleπάντεσσινfor allπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἵσταταιἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionξυροῦof a razorξυρόν · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies ἀκμῆςἵσταταιstandsἵστημι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀκμῆςedgeἀκμή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐπὶTogether with “razor,” this forms the vivid idiom “on a razor's edge.”
- 174
either utter ruin for the Achaeans, or survival.
Metre
ἢμάλαλυγρὸςὄλεθρος‖Ἀχαιοῖςἠὲβιῶναι
ἢeitherἤ · conjunctionsentence particleμάλαutterμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleλυγρὸςgrimλυγρός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὄλεθροςὄλεθροςruinὄλεθρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἈχαιοῖςfor the AchaeansἈχαιός · dative plural masculine adjectiveobjectἠὲorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordβιῶναιsurvivalβιόω · aorist active infinitivesubject - 175
But go now and wake swift Ajax and the son of Phyleus,
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἴθιgoεἶμι · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbialΑἴανταAjaxΑἴας · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶταχὺνswiftταχύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Αἴαντακαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΦυλέοςof PhyleusΦυλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶ - 176
for you are younger, if you have any pity for me.”
Metre
ἄνστησονσὺγάρἐσσι‖νεώτεροςεἴἐλεαίρεις
ἄνστησονwakeἀνίστημι · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of ἐσσιγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐσσιyou areεἰμί · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbgoverned by an elided headνεώτεροςyoungerνέος · nominative singular masculine comparative adjectivepredicate nounεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐλεαίρειςἐλεαίρειςyou pityἐλεαίρω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to εἴ - 177
So he spoke; and Diomedes put about his shoulders the hide of a lion,
Metre
ὣςφάθὃἀμφὤμοισιν‖ἑέσσατοδέρμαλέοντος
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάθ̓φάθspokeφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἑέσσατοδandδέ · particlesentence particleἀμφaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionὤμοισινhis shouldersὦμος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀμφ̓ἑέσσατοput onἕννυμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέρμαhideδέρμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἑέσσατολέοντοςlionλέων · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies δέρμα - 178
of a great tawny beast, reaching to his feet, and he took his spear.
Metre
αἴθωνοςμεγάλοιο‖ποδηνεκέςεἵλετοἔγχος
αἴθωνοςof a tawny beastαἴθων · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifiesμεγάλοιοgreatμέγας · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifiesποδηνεκέςto the feetποδηνεκής · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δέρμαεἵλετοhe tookαἱρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of εἵλετο - 179
He set out, and after rousing those men the hero led them back.
Metre
βῆἰέναιτοὺςἔνθεν‖ἀναστήσαςἄγενἥρως
βῆhe set outβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἰέναιto goεἶμι · present active infinitiveobject of βῆτοὺςthemὁ · accusative plural masculine articlemodifies ἥρωςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔνθενbackἔνθεν · adverbobject of ἄγενἀναστήσαςafter rousingἀνίστημι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἄγενἄγενledἄγω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἥρωςthe heroἥρως · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἄγεν - 180
When they had joined the guards gathered together,
Metre
οἳὅτεδὴφυλάκεσσιν‖ἐνἀγρομένοισινἔμιχθεν
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἀλλ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴat lastδή · particlesentence particleφυλάκεσσινguardsφύλαξ · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐνἐνamongἐν · prepositionprepositionἀγρομένοισινassembledἀγείρω · aorist middle participle, dative plural masculinemodifies φυλάκεσσινἔμιχθενjoinedμίγνυμι · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὅτε - 181
they did not find the leaders of the guard asleep,
Metre
οὐδὲμὲνεὕδοντας‖φυλάκωνἡγήτοραςεὗρον
μὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleεὕδονταςasleepεὕδω · present active participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complementφυλάκωνof the guardφυλακός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἡγήτοραςἡγήτοραςleadersἡγήτωρ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of εὗρονεὗρονfoundεὑρίσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 182
but all sat awake with their weapons.
Metre
ἀλλἐγρηγορτὶ‖σὺντεύχεσινεἵατοπάντες
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐγρηγορτὶawakeἐγρηγορτί · adverbadverbial to εἵατοσὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionτεύχεσινarmorτεῦχος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to σὺνεἵατοthey satἧμαι · pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of εἵατο - 183
As dogs keep troubled watch around sheep in a farmyard
Metre
ὡςδὲκύνεςπερὶμῆλα‖δυσωρήσωνταιἐναὐλῇ
ὡςasὡς · adverbadverbial to δυσωρήσωνταιδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκύνεςdogsκύων · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of δυσωρήσωνταιπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionμῆλαsheepμῆλον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of περὶδυσωρήσωνταιkeep troubled watchδυσωρέομαι · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbialἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionαὐλῇfarmyardαὐλή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐν - 184
when they hear a strong-hearted beast that through the woods
Metre
θηρὸςἀκούσαντες‖κρατερόφρονοςὅςτεκαθὕλην
θηρὸςa beastθήρ · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀκούσαντεςἀκούσαντεςhaving heardἀκούω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to δυσωρήσωνταικρατερόφρονοςstrong-heartedκρατερόφρων · genitive singular adjectivemodifies θηρὸςὅςthatὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔρχηταιτεeverτε · particlesentence particleκαθthroughκατά · prepositionprepositionὕληνforestὕλη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καθ̓ - 185
comes across the mountains, and a great clamor rises after it
Metre
ἔρχηταιδιὄρεσφι‖πολὺςὀρυμαγδὸςἐπαὐτῷ
ἔρχηταιcomesἔρχομαι · present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing θηρὸςδιacrossδιά · prepositionprepositionὄρεσφιmountainsὄρος · dative plural neuter nounobject of δἰπολὺςgreatπολύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὀρυμαγδὸςδandδέ · particlesentence particleὀρυμαγδὸςdinὀρυμαγδός · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἐπafterἐπί · prepositionprepositionαὐτῷitαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐπ̓ - 186
from men and dogs, and sleep is lost to them—
Metre
ἀνδρῶνἠδὲκυνῶν‖ἀπότέσφισινὕπνοςὄλωλεν
ἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἠδὲἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκυνῶνdogsκύων · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἠδὲἀπόaway fromἀπό · prepositionprepositionτέandτε · particlecoordinating wordσφισινto themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἀπόὕπνοςsleepὕπνος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὄλωλενὄλωλενis lostὄλλυμι · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to τέ - 187
so sweet sleep had been lost from the sentries' eyelids
Metre
ὣςτῶννήδυμοςὕπνος‖ἀπὸβλεφάροιινὀλώλει
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ὀλώλειτῶνtheirὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies βλεφάροιιννήδυμοςsweetνήδυμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὕπνοςὕπνοςsleepὕπνος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὀλώλειἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionβλεφάροιινeyelidsβλέφαρον · dative dual neuter nounobject of ἀπὸὀλώλειhad been lostὄλλυμι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 188
as they guarded through the evil night; for toward the plain they always
Metre
νύκταφυλασσομένοισι‖κακήνπεδίονδὲγὰραἰεὶ
νύκταnightνύξ · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to φυλασσομένοισιφυλασσομένοισιkeeping guardφυλάσσω · present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculinemodifies βλεφάροιινκακήνevilκακός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νύκταπεδίονplainπεδίον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of τετράφαθ̓δὲandδέ · particleemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleαἰεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to τετράφαθ̓ - 189
kept turning whenever they heard the Trojans coming on.
Metre
τετράφαθὁππότἐπὶ‖Τρώωνἀΐοιενἰόντων
τετράφαθkept turningτρέπω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὁππότwheneverὁπότε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἐπὶonwardἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleΤρώωνthe TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounobject of ἀΐοιενἀΐοιενthey heardἀίω · present active optative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὁππότ̓ἰόντωνcoming onεἶμι · present active participle, genitive plural masculinecircumstantial complement - 190
The old man rejoiced when he saw them and encouraged them with words,
Metre
τοὺςὃγέρωνγήθησεν‖ἰδὼνθάρσυνέτεμύθῳ
τοὺςthemὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ἰδὼνδandδέ · particlesentence particleὃtheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies γέρωνγέρωνold manγέρων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καίγήθησενrejoicedγηθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἰδὼνwhen he sawεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to γήθησενθάρσυνέencouragedθαρσύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτεandτε · particlesentence particleμύθῳwith wordsμῦθος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to θάρσυνέ - 191
and speaking, he addressed them with winged words:
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordσφεαςthemσφεῖς · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of προσηύδαφωνήσαςspeakingφωνέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσηύδαἔπεαwordsἔπος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of προσηύδαπτερόενταwingedπτερόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔπεαπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 192
“Keep watch so now, dear children, and let sleep
Metre
οὕτωνῦνφίλατέκνα‖φυλάσσετεμηδέτινὕπνος
οὕτωsoοὕτως · adverbadverbial to φυλάσσετενῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to φυλάσσετεφίλαdearφίλος · vocative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τέκνατέκναchildrenτέκνον · vocative plural neuter noungoverned by an elided headφυλάσσετεkeep watchφυλάσσω · present active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbτινanyoneτις · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of αἱρείτωὕπνοςsleepὕπνος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of αἱρείτω - 193
seize no one, lest we become a joy to our enemies.”
Metre
αἱρείτωμὴχάρμα‖γενώμεθαδυσμενέεσσιν
αἱρείτωseizeαἱρέω · present active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμὴlestμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionχάρμαa joyχάρμα · nominative singular neuter nounpredicate nounγενώμεθαwe becomeγίγνομαι · aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to μὴδυσμενέεσσινto our enemiesδυσμενής · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of γενώμεθα - 194
So he spoke and hurried across the trench; and with him followed
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼντάφροιο‖διέσσυτοτοὶἅμἕποντο
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνhaving spokenεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to διέσσυτοτάφροιοthe trenchτάφρος · genitive singular feminine nounobject of διέσσυτοδιέσσυτοhurried acrossδιασεύομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτοὶtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἅμwith himἅμα · adverbadverbial to ἕποντοἕποντοfollowedἕπομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 195
the kings of the Argives, all who had been called to council.
Metre
Ἀργείωνβασιλῆες‖ὅσοικεκλήατοβουλήν
Ἀργείωνof the ArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies βασιλῆεςβασιλῆεςkingsβασιλεύς · nominative plural masculine nounsubjectὅσοιall whoὅσος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of κεκλήατοκεκλήατοhad been summonedκαλέω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing βασιλῆεςβουλήνto councilβουλή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of κεκλήατο - 196
With them went Meriones and the glorious son of Nestor,
Metre
τοῖςἅμαΜηριόνης‖καὶΝέστοροςἀγλαὸςυἱὸς
τοῖςwith themὁ · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to ἅμαδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἅμαalong withἅμα · prepositionprepositionΜηριόνηςMerionesΜηριόνης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΝέστοροςNestorΝέστωρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸςἀγλαὸςgloriousἀγλαός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱὸςυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 197
for the kings themselves had called them to share their counsel.
Metre
ἤϊσαναὐτοὶγὰρ‖κάλεονσυμμητιάασθαι
ἤϊσανwentεἶμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbαὐτοὶthemselvesαὐτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of κάλεονγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleκάλεονhad calledκαλέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbσυμμητιάασθαιto share counselσυμμητιάομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of κάλεον - 198
Crossing over the dug trench, they sat down
τάφρονtrenchτάφρος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐκδιαβάντεςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐκδιαβάντεςhaving crossedἐκδιαβαίνω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἑδριόωντοὀρυκτὴνdugὀρυκτός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies τάφρονἑδριόωντοsat downἑδριάω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 199
in a clear place where the ground showed free of corpses.
Metre
ἐνκαθαρῷὅθιδὴ‖νεκύωνδιεφαίνετοχῶρος
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionκαθαρῷclearκαθαρός · dative singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐνὅθιwhereὅθι · adverbadverbial to διεφαίνετοδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleνεκύωνof corpsesνέκυς · genitive plural masculine nounobject of διεφαίνετοδιεφαίνετοshowed clearδιαφαίνω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καθαρῷχῶροςgroundχῶρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of διεφαίνετο - 200
of fallen men; from there mighty Hector had turned back again,
Metre
πιπτόντωνὅθεναὖτις‖ἀπετράπετὄβριμοςἝκτωρ
πιπτόντωνof fallen menπίπτω · present active participle, genitive plural masculinemodifies νεκύωνὅθενfrom thereὅθεν · adverbadverbial to ἀπετράπετ̓αὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbsentence particleἀπετράπετhad turned backἀποτρέπω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describingὄβριμοςmightyὄβριμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπετράπετ̓ - 201
killing Argives, when night at last covered all around.
Metre
ὀλλὺςἈργείους‖ὅτεδὴπερὶνὺξἐκάλυψεν
ὀλλὺςkillingὄλλυμι · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀπετράπετ̓ἈργείουςArgivesἈργεῖος · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ὀλλὺςὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴat lastδή · particlesentence particleπερὶall aroundπερί · prepositionemphasizing particleνὺξnightνύξ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐκάλυψενἐκάλυψενcoveredκαλύπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτε - 202
There they sat and unfolded words to one another,
Metre
ἔνθακαθεζόμενοι‖ἔπεἀλλήλοισιπίφαυσκον
ἔνθαthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to καθεζόμενοικαθεζόμενοιsittingκαθέζομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative masculineadverbial to πίφαυσκονἔπεwordsἔπος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of πίφαυσκονἀλλήλοισιto one anotherἀλλήλων · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of πίφαυσκονπίφαυσκονunfoldedπιφαύσκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 203
and Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, began speaking among them:
Metre
τοῖσιδὲμύθωνἦρχε‖ΓερήνιοςἱππόταΝέστωρ
τοῖσιamong themὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἦρχεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμύθωνwordsμῦθος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἦρχεἦρχεbeganἄρχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΓερήνιοςGerenianΓερήνιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἱππόταἱππόταhorsemanἱππότης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΝέστωρΝέστωρNestorΝέστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἦρχε - 204
“Friends, is there no man who would trust his own
Metre
ὦφίλοιοὐκἂνδή‖τιςἀνὴρπεπίθοιθἑῷαὐτοῦ
ὦoὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleφίλοιfriendsφίλος · vocative plural masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἂνwouldἄν · particlesentence particleδήthenδή · particlesentence particleτιςsomeτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἀνὴρἀνὴρmanἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πεπίθοιθ̓πεπίθοιθwould trustπείθω · aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἑῷownἑός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμῷαὐτοῦhis very ownαὐτός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμῷ - 205
daring spirit and go among the high-hearted Trojans,
Metre
θυμῷτολμήεντι‖μετὰΤρῶαςμεγαθύμους
θυμῷspiritθυμός · dative singular masculine nounobject of πεπίθοιθ̓τολμήεντιdaringτολμήεις · dative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionΤρῶαςTrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of μετὰμεγαθύμουςgreat-heartedμεγάθυμος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρῶας - 206
and perhaps seize some enemy straggler at the edge,
Metre
ἐλθεῖνεἴτινάπου‖δηΐωνἕλοιἐσχατόωντα
ἐλθεῖνto goἔρχομαι · aorist active infinitiveobject of τολμήεντιεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτινάsomeτις · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἕλοιπουperhapsπού · adverbsentence particleδηΐωνenemy menδάιος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τινάἕλοιmight takeαἱρέω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἤἐσχατόωνταstraggling at the edgeἐσχατάω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 207
or perhaps learn some report among the Trojans—
Metre
ἤτινάπουκαὶφῆμιν‖ἐνὶΤρώεσσιπύθοιτο
ἤorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordτινάsomeτις · accusative singular feminine pronounmodifies φῆμινπουperhapsπού · adverbsentence particleκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleφῆμινreportφῆμις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ,ἐνὶamongἐν · prepositionprepositionΤρώεσσιthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounmodifies ἐνὶπύθοιτοmight learnπυνθάνομαι · aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἤ - 208
what they are planning among themselves, whether they are eager
Metre
ἅσσάτεμητιόωσι‖μετὰσφίσινἢμεμάασιν
ἅσσάwhatὅστις · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of μητιόωσιτεeverτε · particlesentence particleμητιόωσιare planningμητιάω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbobject of ,μετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionσφίσινthemselvesσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to μετὰἢwhetherἤ · conjunctionsentence particleμεμάασινthey are eagerμέμαα · perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbobject of ἦε - 209
to remain here beside the ships, far from the city, or back toward the city
Metre
αὖθιμένεινπαρὰνηυσὶν‖ἀπόπροθενἦεπόλινδὲ
αὖθιhereαὖθι · adverbobject of μένεινμένεινremainμένω · present active infinitiveobject of μεμάασινπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶνshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of παρὰἀπόπροθενfar fromἀπόπροθεν · adverbadverbial to μένεινἦεorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordπόλινthe cityπόλις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀναχωρήσουσινδὲtowardδέ · particleemphasizing particle - 210
they will withdraw, now that they have defeated the Achaeans.
Metre
ἂψἀναχωρήσουσιν‖ἐπεὶδαμάσαντόἈχαιούς
ἂψbackἄψ · adverbadverbial to ἀναχωρήσουσινἀναχωρήσουσινthey will withdrawἀναχωρέω · future active indicative, 3rd plural verbobject of ἦεἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδαμάσαντόthey defeatedδαμάζω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἐπεὶγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of δαμάσαντό - 211
He might learn all this and come back again to us
Metre
ταῦτάκεπάνταπύθοιτο‖καὶἂψεἰςἡμέαςἔλθοι
ταῦτάthese thingsοὗτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of πύθοιτοκεmightἄν · particlesentence particleπάνταallπᾶς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ταῦτάπύθοιτοmight learnπυνθάνομαι · aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἂψbackἄψ · adverbadverbial to ἔλθοιεἰςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἡμέαςusἐγώ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of εἰςἔλθοιmight returnἔρχομαι · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 212
unharmed; great would be his fame beneath the heavens
ἀσκηθήςunharmedἀσκηθής · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementμέγαgreatμέγας · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounκένwouldἄν · particlesentence particleοἱhisὁ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies κλέοςὑπουράνιονunder heavenὑπουράνιος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κλέοςκλέοςfameκλέος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of εἴηεἴηmight beεἰμί · present active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 213
among all mankind, and his gift will be a good one.
Metre
πάνταςἐπἀνθρώπους‖καίοἱδόσιςἔσσεταιἐσθλή
πάνταςallπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνθρώπουςἐπamongἐπί · prepositionprepositionἀνθρώπουςmenἄνθρωπος · accusative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἐπ̓καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordοἱhisὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔσσεταιδόσιςgiftδόσις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔσσεταιἔσσεταιwill beεἰμί · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐσθλήgoodἐσθλός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies δόσις - 214
For as many princes as command the ships,
Metre
ὅσσοιγὰρνήεσσιν‖ἐπικρατέουσινἄριστοι
ὅσσοιas many asὅσος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἄριστοιγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleνήεσσινthe shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπικρατέουσινἐπικρατέουσινcommandἐπικρατέω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing τῶνἄριστοιprincesἄριστος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἐπικρατέουσιν - 215
each one of them will give him a black ewe,
Metre
τῶνπάντωνοἱἕκαστος‖ὄϊνδώσουσιμέλαιναν
τῶνof themὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies ἕκαστοςπάντωνallπᾶς · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τῶνοἱto himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of δώσουσιἕκαστοςeachἕκαστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of δώσουσιὄϊνeweὄις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of δώσουσιδώσουσιwill giveδίδωμι · future active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbμέλαινανblackμέλας · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies - 216
a female with a lamb beneath her; no possession equals her,
Metre
θῆλυνὑπόρρηνον‖τῇμὲνκτέραςοὐδὲνὁμοῖον
θῆλυνfemaleθη~λυς · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifiesὑπόρρηνονwith lamb beneathὑπόρρηνος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifiesτῇto herὁ · dative singular feminine pronounobjectμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκτέραςpossessionκτέρας · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectοὐδὲνnoοὐδείς · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κτέραςὁμοῖονequalὅμοιος · accusative singular neuter adjectivepredicate noun - 217
and he will always be present at feasts and banquets.”
Metre
αἰεὶἐνδαίτῃσι‖καὶεἰλαπίνῃσιπαρέσται
αἰεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to παρέσταιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνatἐν · prepositionprepositionδαίτῃσιfeastsδαίτη · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordεἰλαπίνῃσιbanquetsεἰλαπίνη · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to καὶπαρέσταιwill be presentπάρειμι · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 218
So he spoke, and they all fell hushed in silence;
Metre
ὣςἔφαθοἳἄραπάντες‖ἀκὴνἐγένοντοσιωπῇ
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφαθ̓ἔφαθhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐγένοντοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleπάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies οἳἀκὴνhushedἀκήν · adverbadverbial to ἐγένοντοἐγένοντοthey becameγίγνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbσιωπῇin silenceσιωπή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐγένοντο - 219
and among them Diomedes, good at the war-cry, spoke:
Metre
τοῖσιδὲκαὶμετέειπε‖βοὴνἀγαθὸςΔιομήδης
τοῖσιamong themὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of μετέειπεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαὶthenκαί · adverbsentence particleμετέειπεspokeμετεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβοὴνat the war-cryβοή · accusative singular feminine nounmodifies ἀγαθὸςἀγαθὸςgoodἀγαθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιομήδηςΔιομήδηςDiomedesΔιομήδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of μετέειπε - 220
“Nestor, my heart and proud spirit urge me
Metre
Νέστορἔμὀτρύνει‖κραδίηκαὶθυμὸςἀγήνωρ
ΝέστορNestorΝέστωρ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἔμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of δῦναιὀτρύνειurgesὀτρύνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκραδίηheartκαρδία · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordθυμὸςspiritθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶἀγήνωρproudἀγήνωρ · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμὸς - 221
to enter the nearby camp of our enemies,
Metre
ἀνδρῶνδυσμενέων‖δῦναιστρατὸνἐγγὺςἐόντων
ἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifiesδυσμενέωνenemyδυσμενής · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνδρῶνδῦναιto enterδύω · aorist active infinitiveobject of ὀτρύνειστρατὸνthe campστρατός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of δῦναιἐγγὺςnearbyἐγγύς · adverbadverbial to ἐόντωνἐόντωνwho areεἰμί · present active participle, genitive plural masculinemodifies ἀνδρῶν - 222
the Trojans. But if another man would go with me,
Metre
Τρώωνἀλλεἴτίς‖μοιἀνὴρἅμἕποιτοκαὶἄλλος
Τρώωνthe TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifiesἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτίςsomeτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἀνὴρμοιwith meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἕποιτοἀνὴρmanἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἕποιτοἅμalongἅμα · adverbadverbial to ἕποιτοἕποιτοwould followἕπομαι · present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἴκαὶalsoκαί · conjunctionemphasizing particleἄλλοςanotherἄλλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνὴρ - 223
there will be greater comfort, and greater confidence.
Metre
μᾶλλονθαλπωρὴ‖καὶθαρσαλεώτερονἔσται
μᾶλλονgreaterμᾶλλον · adverbadverbial to ἔσταιθαλπωρὴcomfortθαλπωρή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordθαρσαλεώτερονgreater confidenceθαρσαλέος · nominative singular neuter comparative adjectivesubject of καὶἔσταιwill beεἰμί · future indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 224
When two go together, one sees before the other
Metre
σύντεδύἐρχομένω‖καίτεπρὸὃτοῦἐνόησεν
σύνtogetherσύν · prepositionemphasizing particleτεwhenτε · particlesentence particleδύtwoδύο · numeralsubject of ἐρχομένωἐρχομένωtravel togetherἔρχομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to ἐνόησενκαίalsoκαί · adverbsentence particleτεeverτε · particlesentence particleπρὸbeforeπρό · prepositionprepositionὃoneὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐνόησεντοῦthe otherὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounadverbial to πρὸἐνόησενseesνοέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbThis closes a proverbial reflection on the advantage of two companions traveling together.
- 225
how there may be gain; but even if a man alone perceives it,
ὅππωςhowὅπως · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκέρδοςgainκέρδος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔῃἔῃthere may beεἰμί · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbobject of ὅππωςμοῦνοςaloneμόνος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδbutδέ · particlesentence particleεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπέρevenπέρ · particlesentence particleτεeverτε · particlesentence particleνοήσῃhe perceivesνόησις · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to εἴ - 226
his mind is slower, and his counsel is thin.”
Metre
ἀλλάτέοἱβράσσων‖τενόοςλεπτὴδέτεμῆτις
ἀλλάbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleτέeverτε · particlesentence particleοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies νόοςβράσσωνslowerβραδύς · nominative singular masculine comparative adjectivepredicate nounτεandτε · particlesentence particleνόοςmindνόος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectλεπτὴthinλεπτός · nominative singular feminine adjectivepredicate nounδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεeverτε · particlesentence particleμῆτιςcounselμῆτις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject - 227
So he spoke, and many were willing to follow Diomedes.
Metre
ὣςἔφαθοἳἔθελον‖Διομήδεϊπολλοὶἕπεσθαι
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφαθ̓ἔφαθhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἔθελονδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔθελονwere willingἐθέλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbΔιομήδεϊDiomedesΔιομήδης · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἕπεσθαιπολλοὶmanyπολύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies οἳἕπεσθαιfollowἕπομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἔθελον - 228
The two Ajaxes, attendants of Ares, both wished to go,
Metre
ἠθελέτηνΑἴαντε‖δύωθεράποντεςἌρηος
ἠθελέτηνboth wishedἐθέλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbΑἴαντεAjaxesΑἴας · nominative dual masculine nounsubjectδύωtwoδύο · numeralmodifies Αἴαντεθεράποντεςattendantsθεράπων · nominative plural masculine nounmodifies ΑἴαντεἌρηοςof AresἌρης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θεράποντες - 229
Meriones wished it, and the son of Nestor wished it greatly,
Metre
ἤθελεΜηριόνης‖μάλαἤθελεΝέστοροςυἱός
ἤθελεwishedἐθέλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΜηριόνηςMerionesΜηριόνης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἤθελεμάλαgreatlyμάλα · adverbadverbial to ἤθελεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἤθελεwishedἐθέλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΝέστοροςof NestorΝέστωρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱόςυἱόςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἤθελε - 230
and Menelaus, famed with the spear, wished it,
Metre
ἤθελεἈτρεΐδης‖δουρικλειτὸςΜενέλαος
ἤθελεwishedἐθέλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἈτρεΐδηςson of AtreusἈτρείδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectδουρικλειτὸςspear-famedδουρικλειτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαοςΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 231
and enduring Odysseus wished to enter the throng
Metre
ἤθελεὁτλήμων‖Ὀδυσεὺςκαταδῦναιὅμιλον
ἤθελεwishedἐθέλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὁtheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies Ὀδυσεὺςτλήμωνenduringτλήμων · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσεὺςὈδυσεὺςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἤθελεκαταδῦναιto enterκαταδύω · aorist active infinitiveobject of δ̓ὅμιλονthe throngὅμιλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καταδῦναι - 232
of Trojans, for the spirit in his heart was always daring.
Metre
Τρώωναἰεὶγάρ‖οἱἐνὶφρεσὶθυμὸςἐτόλμα
ΤρώωνTrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies ὅμιλοναἰεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἐτόλμαγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies φρεσὶἐνὶwithinἐν · prepositionprepositionφρεσὶmindφρήν · dative plural nounmodifies ἐνὶθυμὸςspiritθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐτόλμαἐτόλμαwas daringτολμάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 233
Then among them spoke Agamemnon, lord of men:
Metre
τοῖσιδὲκαὶμετέειπεν‖ἄναξἀνδρῶνἈγαμέμνων
τοῖσιamong themὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of μετέειπενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαὶthenκαί · adverbsentence particleμετέειπενspoke among themμετεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄναξlordἄναξ · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγαμέμνωνἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἄναξἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of μετέειπεν - 234
"Diomedes, son of Tydeus, dear to my heart,
Metre
ΤυδεΐδηΔιόμηδες‖ἐμῷκεχαρισμένεθυμῷ
Τυδεΐδηson of TydeusΤυδείδης · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies ΔιόμηδεςΔιόμηδεςDiomedesΔιομήδης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἐμῷmyἐμός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμῷκεχαρισμένεdearχαρίζομαι · perfect medio-passive participle, vocative singular masculinemodifies Διόμηδεςθυμῷin my heartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounobject of κεχαρισμένε - 235
you shall choose as your companion whichever man you wish,
τὸνthat manὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of αἱρήσεαιμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleδὴnowδή · particlesentence particleἕταρόνcompanionἑταῖρος · accusative singular masculine nouncircumstantial complementγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleαἱρήσεαιyou shall chooseαἱρέω · aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular verbmain verbὅνwhicheverὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐθέλῃσθακmayἄν · particlesentence particleἐθέλῃσθαyou wishἐθέλω · present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verbverb of a clause describing τὸν - 236
the best of those who have come forward, since many are eager.
Metre
φαινομένωντὸνἄριστον‖ἐπεὶμεμάασίγεπολλοί
φαινομένωνthose volunteeringφαίνω · present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculinemodifies τὸντὸνtheὁ · accusative singular masculine articlemodifies ἄριστονἄριστονthe bestἄριστος · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμεμάασίare eagerμέμαα · perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἐπεὶγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleπολλοίmanyπολύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of μεμάασί - 237
Do not, from awe within your heart, leave the better man behind
Metre
μηδὲσύαἰδόμενος‖σῇσιφρεσὶτὸνμὲνἀρείω
σύyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of καλλείπεινγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleαἰδόμενοςout of respectαἰδέομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to καλλείπεινσῇσιin yourσός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies φρεσὶφρεσὶheartφρήν · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to αἰδόμενοςτὸνtheὁ · accusative singular masculine articlemodifies ἀρείωμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἀρείωthe betterἀρείων · accusative singular masculine comparative adjectiveobject of καλλείπειν - 238
and take the worse, yielding to respect
Metre
καλλείπεινσὺδὲχείρον‖ὀπάσσεαιαἰδοῖεἴκων
καλλείπεινleave behindκαταλείπω · present active infinitivemain verbσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of ὀπάσσεαιδὲbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordχείρονthe worseχείρων · accusative singular masculine comparative adjectiveobject of ὀπάσσεαιὀπάσσεαιchooseὀπάζω · aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular verbmain verbαἰδοῖrespectαἰδώς · dative singular feminine nounobject of εἴκωνεἴκωνyieldingεἴκω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὀπάσσεαι - 239
as you look to his lineage, not even if he is more kingly.”
Metre
ἐςγενεὴνὁρόων‖μηδεἰβασιλεύτερόςἐστιν
ἐςtowardεἰς · prepositionprepositionγενεὴνlineageγενεά · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐςὁρόωνconsideringὁράω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὀπάσσεαιεἰeven ifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionβασιλεύτερόςmore kinglyβασίλειος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐστινisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἰ - 240
So he spoke, for he feared for golden-haired Menelaus.
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔδεισενhe fearedδείδω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲforδέ · particlecoordinating wordπερὶforπερί · prepositionprepositionξανθῷgolden-hairedξανθός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενελάῳΜενελάῳMenelausΜενέλαος · dative singular masculine nounobject of περὶ - 241
Then Diomedes, good at the war-cry, spoke among them again:
Metre
τοῖςαὖτιςμετέειπε‖βοὴνἀγαθὸςΔιομήδης
τοῖςamong themὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of μετέειπεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbsentence particleμετέειπεspokeμετεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβοὴνat the war-cryβοή · accusative singular feminine nounmodifies ἀγαθὸςἀγαθὸςgoodἀγαθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιομήδηςΔιομήδηςDiomedesΔιομήδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of μετέειπε - 242
“If you command me to choose my companion myself,
Metre
εἰμὲνδὴἕταρόν‖γεκελεύετέαὐτὸνἑλέσθαι
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleδὴnowδή · particlesentence particleἕταρόνcompanionἑταῖρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἑλέσθαιγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleκελεύετέyou commandκελεύω · present active indicative, 2nd plural verbadverbial to εἰμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἑλέσθαιαὐτὸνmyselfαὐτός · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἑλέσθαιto chooseαἱρέω · aorist middle infinitiveobject of κελεύετέ - 243
how then could I forget godlike Odysseus,
Metre
πῶςἂνἔπειτὈδυσῆος‖ἐγὼθείοιολαθοίμην
πῶςhowπῶς · adverbadverbial to λαθοίμηνἂνwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἔπειτthenἔπειτα · adverbsentence particleὈδυσῆοςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of λαθοίμηνἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of λαθοίμηνθείοιοgodlikeθεῖος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ὀδυσῆοςλαθοίμηνcould I forgetλανθάνω · aorist middle optative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 244
whose eager heart and proud spirit excel
Metre
οὗπέριμὲνπρόφρων‖κραδίηκαὶθυμὸςἀγήνωρ
οὗwhoseἕ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies πέριπέριexcelsπερί · prepositionprepositionμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleπρόφρωνeagerπρόφρων · nominative singular feminine adjectivepredicate nounκραδίηheartκαρδία · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordθυμὸςspiritθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶἀγήνωρproudἀγήνωρ · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμὸς - 245
in every kind of toil, and Pallas Athena loves him?
Metre
ἐνπάντεσσιπόνοισι‖φιλεῖδέἑΠαλλὰςἈθήνη
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionπάντεσσιeveryπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies πόνοισιπόνοισιtoilπόνος · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἐνφιλεῖlovesφιλέω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δέδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἑhimἕ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of φιλεῖΠαλλὰςPallasΠαλλάς · nominative singular feminine nounmodifies ἈθήνηἈθήνηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of φιλεῖ - 246
With this man following me, even from blazing fire
Metre
τούτουἑσπομένοιο‖καὶἐκπυρὸςαἰθομένοιο
τούτουthis manοὗτος · genitive singular masculine adjectivesubject of ἑσπομένοιογindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἑσπομένοιοfollowingἕπομαι · aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculineadverbial to νοστήσαιμενκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπυρὸςfireπῦρ · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἐκαἰθομένοιοblazingαἴθω · present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neutermodifies πυρὸς - 247
we both would return, for he excels in understanding.”
Metre
ἄμφωνοστήσαιμεν‖ἐπεὶπερίοιδενοῆσαι
ἄμφωbothἄμφω · nominative dual masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementνοστήσαιμενwe might returnνοστέω · aorist active optative, 1st plural verbmain verbἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπερίοιδεexcelsπερίοιδα · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶνοῆσαιin understandingνοέω · aorist active infinitiveobject of περίοιδε - 248
Then much-enduring godlike Odysseus addressed him in turn:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέειπεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτεin turnαὖτε · adverbsentence particleπροσέειπεaddressedπροσεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπολύτλαςmuch-enduringπολύτλας · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ὀδυσσεύςδῖοςgodlikeδῖος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσσεύςὈδυσσεύςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέειπε - 249
“Son of Tydeus, neither praise me greatly nor blame me at all,
Metre
Τυδεΐδημήτἄρ‖μεμάλαἴνεεμήτέτινείκει
Τυδεΐδηson of TydeusΤυδείδης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headμήτneitherμήτε · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of μήτέμάλgreatlyμάλα · adverbadverbial to αἴνεεαἴνεεpraiseαἰνέω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbμήτέneitherμήτε · particlecoordinating wordτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to νείκεινείκειblameνεικέω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 250
for you say these things among Argives who know me.
Metre
εἰδόσιγάρτοιταῦτα‖μετἈργείοιςἀγορεύεις
εἰδόσιwho knowοἶδα · perfect active participle, dative plural masculineobject of ἀγορεύειςγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτοιindeedτοι · particlesentence particleταῦταthese thingsοὗτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἀγορεύειςμετamongμετά · prepositionprepositionἈργείοιςArgivesἈργεῖος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of μετ̓ἀγορεύειςyou speakἀγορεύω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 251
But let us go; for the night is waning, and dawn is near,
Metre
ἀλλἴομενμάλαγὰρ‖νὺξἄνεταιἐγγύθιἠώς
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἴομενgoεἶμι · present active subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbμάλαfarμάλα · adverbadverbial to ἄνεταιγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleνὺξnightνύξ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἄνεταιἄνεταιis waningἄνω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐγγύθιnearἐγγύθι · adverbadverbialδandδέ · particlesentence particleἠώςDawnἠώς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject - 252
the stars have advanced, and more of the night has passed
Metre
ἄστραδὲδὴπροβέβηκε‖παροίχωκενδὲπλέωννὺξ
ἄστραstarsἄστρον · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of προβέβηκεδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleπροβέβηκεhave advancedπροβαίνω · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπαροίχωκενhas passedπαροίχομαι · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπλέωνmoreπλέως · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies μοιράωννὺξnightνύξ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of παροίχωκεν - 253
than two of its portions, and still the third portion remains.”
Metre
τῶνδύομοιράων‖τριτάτηἔτιμοῖραλέλειπται
τῶνof itsὁ · genitive plural feminine articlemodifies μοιράωνδύοtwoδύο · numeralmodifies μοιράωνμοιράωνportionsμοῖρα · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies νὺξτριτάτηthirdτρίτατος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μοῖραδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔτιstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to λέλειπταιμοῖραportionμοῖρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of λέλειπταιλέλειπταιremainsλείπω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 254
So the two spoke; and they put on their dread armor.
Metre
ὣςεἰπόνθὅπλοισιν‖ἔνιδεινοῖσινἐδύτην
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπόνθ̓εἰπόνθhaving spokenεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to ἐδύτηνὅπλοισινarmorὅπλον · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἔνιἔνιinἐν · prepositionprepositionδεινοῖσινdreadδεινός · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ὅπλοισινἐδύτηνthey put onδύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verb - 255
Steadfast-in-battle Thrasymedes gave the son of Tydeus
Metre
Τυδεΐδῃμὲνδῶκε‖μενεπτόλεμοςΘρασυμήδης
Τυδεΐδῃto Tydeus' sonΤυδείδης · dative singular masculine nounobject of δῶκεμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleδῶκεgaveδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμενεπτόλεμοςsteadfast-in-battleμενεπτόλεμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΘρασυμήδηςΘρασυμήδηςThrasymedesΘρασυμήδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δῶκε - 256
a two-edged sword, for his own had been left beside his ship,
Metre
φάσγανονἄμφηκες‖τὸἑὸνπαρὰνηῒλέλειπτο
φάσγανονswordφάσγανον · accusative singular neuter nounobjectἄμφηκεςtwo-edgedἀμφήκης · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies φάσγανοντὸhisὁ · accusative singular neuter articlemodifies ἑὸνδwhileδέ · particlesentence particleἑὸνhis ownἑός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveobject of λέλειπτοπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηῒshipναῦς · dative singular feminine nounobject of παρὰλέλειπτοhad been leftλείπω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbgoverned by an elided head - 257
and a shield; and around his head he set a helmet
Metre
καὶσάκοςἀμφὶδέοἱ‖κυνέηνκεφαλῆφινἔθηκε
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordσάκοςshieldσάκος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionemphasizing particleδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhisὁ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies κεφαλῆφινκυνέηνhelmetκυνέη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔθηκεκεφαλῆφινheadκεφαλή · genitive feminine nounobject of ἔθηκεἔθηκεhe placedτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 258
of bull's hide, without horn or crest, the kind called a skullcap,
Metre
ταυρείηνἄφαλόν‖τεκαὶἄλλοφονἥτεκαταῖτυξ
ταυρείηνof bull's hideταύρειος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κυνέηνἄφαλόνhornlessἄφαλος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄλλοφονcrestlessἄλλοφος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies καὶἥwhichὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of δὲτεandτε · particleemphasizing particleκαταῖτυξskullcapκαταῖτυξ · nominative singular feminine nounpredicate nounA rare lexical term for a plain leather skullcap without horn or crest.
- 259
which guards the heads of vigorous young men.
Metre
κέκληταιῥύεται‖δὲκάρηθαλερῶναἰζηῶν
κέκληταιis calledκαλέω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δὲῥύεταιguardsῥύομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δὲδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκάρηheadsκάρα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ῥύεταιθαλερῶνvigorousθαλερός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies αἰζηῶναἰζηῶνyoung menαἰζηός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies κάρη - 260
Meriones gave Odysseus a bow and a quiver
Metre
ΜηριόνηςὈδυσῆϊ‖δίδουβιὸνἠδὲφαρέτρην
ΜηριόνηςMerionesΜηριόνης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δίδουδandδέ · particlesentence particleὈδυσῆϊto OdysseusὈδυσσεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of δίδουδίδουgaveδίδωμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβιὸνbowβιός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctionsentence particleφαρέτρηνquiverφαρέτρα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶ - 261
and a sword, and around his head he set a helmet
Metre
καὶξίφοςἀμφὶδέοἱ‖κυνέηνκεφαλῆφινἔθηκε
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordξίφοςswordξίφος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionemphasizing particleδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhisὁ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies κεφαλῆφινκυνέηνhelmetκυνέη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔθηκεκεφαλῆφινheadκεφαλή · genitive feminine nounobject of ἔθηκεἔθηκεhe placedτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 262
made of hide; inside, with many leather thongs
Metre
ῥινοῦποιητήν‖πολέσινἔντοσθενἱμᾶσιν
ῥινοῦof hideῥινόν · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies ποιητήνποιητήνfashionedποιητός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κυνέηνπολέσινmanyπολύς · plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἱμᾶσινδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔντοσθενinsideἔντοσθε · adverbadverbial to ἐντέτατοἱμᾶσινstrapsἱμάς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐντέτατο - 263
it had been stretched tight, while outside the white tusks
Metre
ἐντέτατοστερεῶς‖ἔκτοσθεδὲλευκοὶὀδόντες
ἐντέτατοwas stretchedἐντείνω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbστερεῶςtightlyστερεός · adverbadverbial to ἐντέτατοἔκτοσθεoutsideἔκτοσθε · adverbadverbial to ἔχονδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordλευκοὶwhiteλευκός · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ὀδόντεςὀδόντεςtusksὀδών · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἔχον - 264
of a white-tusked boar stood thickly set on either side,
ἀργιόδοντοςwhite-tuskedἀργιόδους · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὑὸςὑὸςboarὗς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ὀδόντεςθαμέεςthicklyθαμέες · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔχονwere setἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἔνθαon one sideἔνθα · adverbadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἔνθαon the otherἔνθα · adverbadverbial to καὶ - 265
well and skillfully; and felt was fitted in the middle.
Metre
εὖκαὶἐπισταμένως‖μέσσῃἐνὶπῖλοςἀρήρει
εὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐπισταμένωςskillfullyἐπισταμένως · adverbadverbial to καὶμέσσῃin the middleμέσος · dative singular feminine adjectiveadverbial to ἐνὶδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionπῖλοςfeltπῖλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀρήρειἀρήρειwas fittedἀραρίσκω · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 266
Once from Eleon, from Amyntor, son of Ormenus,
Metre
τήνῥάποτἐξἘλεῶνος‖ἈμύντοροςὈρμενίδαο
τήνitὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ἐξέλετ̓ῥάthenἄρα · particlesentence particleποτonceποτέ · particlesentence particleἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionἘλεῶνοςfrom EleonἘλεών · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐξἈμύντοροςof AmyntorἈμύντωρ · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐξέλετ̓Ὀρμενίδαοson of OrmenusὈρμενίδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀμύντορος - 267
Autolycus had taken it, breaking through his close-built house,
Metre
ἐξέλετΑὐτόλυκος‖πυκινὸνδόμονἀντιτορήσας
ἐξέλετhad takenἐξαιρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΑὐτόλυκοςAutolycusΑὐτόλυκος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐξέλετ̓πυκινὸνclose-builtπυκνός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δόμονδόμονhouseδόμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀντιτορήσαςἀντιτορήσαςbreaking throughἀντιτορέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐξέλετ̓ - 268
and he gave it to Amphidamas of Cythera to take to Scandeia;
Σκάνδειανto ScandeiaΣκάνδεια · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to δῶκεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleδῶκεgaveδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΚυθηρίῳof CytheraΚυθήριος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈμφιδάμαντιἈμφιδάμαντιto AmphidamasἈμφιδάμας · dative singular masculine nounobject of δῶκε - 269
Amphidamas gave it to Molus as a guest-gift,
Metre
ἈμφιδάμαςδὲΜόλῳ‖δῶκεξεινήϊονεἶναι
ἈμφιδάμαςAmphidamasἈμφιδάμας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δῶκεδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleΜόλῳto MolusΜόλος · dative singular masculine nounobject of δῶκεδῶκεgaveδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbξεινήϊονguest-giftξεινήιον · nominative singular neuter nounpredicate nounεἶναιasεἰμί · present active infinitiveadverbial to δῶκε - 270
and he gave it to his son Meriones to wear;
αὐτὰρandἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δῶκενΜηριόνῃto MerionesΜηριόνης · dative singular masculine nounobjectδῶκενgaveδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbᾧhis ownἑός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies παιδὶπαιδὶsonπαῖς · dative singular masculine nounobjectφορῆναιto wearφορέω · present active infinitiveadverbial to δῶκεν - 271
and now, set around Odysseus, it covered his head.
Metre
δὴτότὈδυσσῆος‖πύκασενκάρηἀμφιτεθεῖσα
δὴand nowδή · particlesentence particleτότthenτότε · adverbadverbial to πύκασενὈδυσσῆοςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κάρηπύκασενcoveredπυκάζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκάρηheadκάρα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of πύκασενἀμφιτεθεῖσαplaced around himἀμφιτίθημι · aorist passive participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to πύκασεν - 272
When the two had put on their dread armor,
Metre
τὼἐπεὶοὖνὅπλοισιν‖ἔνιδεινοῖσινἐδύτην
τὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of δὲδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὖνthenοὖν · particlesentence particleὅπλοισινarmorὅπλον · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἔνιἔνιinἐν · prepositionprepositionδεινοῖσινdreadδεινός · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ὅπλοισινἐδύτηνthey put onδύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verbadverbial to ἐπεὶ - 273
they set out, leaving all the princes there behind them.
Metre
βάνἰέναιλιπέτην‖δὲκαταὐτόθιπάνταςἀρίστους
βάνset outβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἰέναιto goεἶμι · present active infinitiveobject of βάνλιπέτηνthey leftλείπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκατbehindκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleαὐτόθιthereαὐτόθι · adverbobject of λιπέτηνπάνταςallπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀρίστουςἀρίστουςthe bestἄριστος · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of λιπέτην - 274
Pallas Athena sent them a heron on the right, close beside the road;
Metre
τοῖσιδὲδεξιὸνἧκεν‖ἐρῳδιὸνἐγγὺςὁδοῖο
τοῖσιto themὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἧκενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδεξιὸνon the rightδεξιός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἐρῳδιὸνἧκενsentἵημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐρῳδιὸνheronἐρῳδιός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἧκενἐγγὺςnearἐγγύς · prepositionprepositionὁδοῖοbeside the roadὁδός · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐγγὺς - 275
they could not see it with their eyes
Metre
ΠαλλὰςἈθηναίη‖τοὶοὐκἴδονὀφθαλμοῖσι
ΠαλλὰςPallasΠαλλάς · nominative singular feminine nounmodifies ἈθηναίηἈθηναίηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἧκεντοὶtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἀλλὰδbutδέ · particlesentence particleοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἴδονseeεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὀφθαλμοῖσιeyesὀφθαλμός · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἴδον - 276
through the murky night, but heard it cry.
Metre
νύκταδιὀρφναίην‖ἀλλὰκλάγξαντοςἄκουσαν
νύκταnightνύξ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of δἰδιthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionὀρφναίηνmurkyὀρφναῖος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νύκταἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordκλάγξαντοςit cryingκλάζω · aorist active participle, genitive singular masculinecircumstantial complementἄκουσανheardἀκούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 277
Odysseus rejoiced at the bird and prayed to Athena:
Metre
χαῖρεδὲτῷὄρνιθ‖ὈδυσεύςἠρᾶτοἈθήνῃ
χαῖρεrejoicedχαίρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleτῷat itὁ · dative singular masculine articlemodifies ὄρνιθ̓ὄρνιθat the birdὄρνις · dative singular masculine nounobject of χαῖρεὈδυσεύςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓ἠρᾶτοprayedἀράομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἈθήνῃAthenaἈθήνη · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἠρᾶτο - 278
“Hear me, child of aegis-bearing Zeus, you who always
Metre
κλῦθίμευαἰγιόχοιο‖Διὸςτέκοςἥτέμοιαἰεὶ
κλῦθίhearκλύω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbμευmeἐγώ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of κλῦθίαἰγιόχοιοwho bears the aegisαἰγίοχος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιὸςΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies τέκοςτέκοςchildτέκος · vocative singular neuter noungoverned by an elided headἥwhoὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of παρίστασαιτέeverτε · particlesentence particleμοιmeἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of παρίστασαιαἰεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to παρίστασαι - 279
stand beside me in every toil, and no movement of mine escapes you;
Metre
ἐνπάντεσσιπόνοισι‖παρίστασαιοὐδέσελήθω
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionπάντεσσιin everyπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies πόνοισιπόνοισιtoilsπόνος · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἐνπαρίστασαιyou stand besideπαρίστημι · present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verbverb of a clause describing δέσεyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of λήθωλήθωescape your noticeλανθάνω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbverb of a clause describing δέ - 280
now once again favor me above all, Athena,
Metre
κινύμενοςνῦναὖτε‖μάλιστάμεφῖλαιἈθήνη
κινύμενοςmovingκίνυμαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to λήθωνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to φῖλαιαὖτεagainαὖτε · adverbsentence particleμάλιστάabove allμάλιστα · adverbadverbial to φῖλαιμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of φῖλαιφῖλαιfavorφιλέω · aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἈθήνηAthenaἈθήνη · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided head - 281
and grant that we return to the ships in glory,
δὸςgrantδίδωμι · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπάλινbackπάλιν · adverbadverbial to ἀφικέσθαιἐπὶtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπὶἐϋκλεῖαςgloriousεὐκλεής · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςἀφικέσθαιto returnἀφικνέομαι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of δὸς - 282
having done a great deed that will weigh upon the Trojans.”
Metre
ῥέξανταςμέγαἔργον‖ὅκεΤρώεσσιμελήσῃ
ῥέξανταςhaving doneῥέζω · aorist active participle, accusative plural masculineadverbial to ἀφικέσθαιμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔργονἔργονdeedἔργον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ῥέξανταςὅthatὅς · nominative singular neuter pronounsubject of μελήσῃκεmightἄν · particlesentence particleΤρώεσσιthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of μελήσῃμελήσῃwill weigh uponμέλω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἔργον - 283
Then Diomedes, good at the war-cry, prayed after him:
Metre
δεύτεροςαὖτἠρᾶτο‖βοὴνἀγαθὸςΔιομήδης
δεύτεροςnextδεύτερος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementαὖτin turnαὖτε · adverbsentence particleἠρᾶτοprayedἀράομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβοὴνwar-cryβοή · accusative singular feminine nounmodifies ἀγαθὸςἀγαθὸςgoodἀγαθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιομήδηςΔιομήδηςDiomedesΔιομήδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠρᾶτο - 284
“Hear me now as well, child of Zeus, unwearied one;
Metre
κέκλυθινῦνκαὶἐμεῖο‖ΔιὸςτέκοςἈτρυτώνη
κέκλυθιhearκλύω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to κέκλυθικαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἐμεῖοmeἐγώ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of κέκλυθιΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies τέκοςτέκοςchildτέκος · vocative singular neuter nounmodifies ἈτρυτώνηἈτρυτώνηunwearied oneἈτρυτώνη · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided head - 285
follow beside me as once you followed my father, godlike Tydeus,
Metre
σπεῖόμοιὡςὅτεπατρὶ‖ἅμἕσπεοΤυδέϊδίῳ
σπεῖόfollowἕπομαι · aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbμοιbeside meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of σπεῖόὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπατρὶmy fatherπατήρ · dative singular masculine nounobjectἅμbesideἅμα · adverbadverbial to ἕσπεοἕσπεοyou followedἕπομαι · aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ὅτεΤυδέϊTydeusΤυδεύς · dative singular masculine nounobjectδίῳgodlikeδῖος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Τυδέϊ - 286
to Thebes, when he went as the Achaeans' envoy.
Metre
ἐςΘήβαςὅτετε‖πρὸἈχαιῶνἄγγελοςᾔει
ἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionΘήβαςThebesΘῆβαι · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐςὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτεeverτε · particlesentence particleπρὸforπρό · prepositionprepositionἈχαιῶνthe Achaeansἀχαιός · accusative plural masculine nounmodifies πρὸἄγγελοςas envoyἄγγελος · nominative singular masculine nouncircumstantial complementᾔειhe wentεἶμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτε - 287
He left the bronze-clad Achaeans there beside the Asopus,
Metre
τοὺςἄρἐπἈσωπῷ‖λίπεχαλκοχίτωναςἈχαιούς
τοὺςthemὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobjectδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἐπbesideἐπί · prepositionprepositionἈσωπῷthe AsopusἈσωπός · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπ̓λίπεhe leftλείπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχαλκοχίτωναςbronze-cladχαλκοχίτων · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχαιούςἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject - 288
and carried a gentle message to the Cadmeans
Metre
αὐτὰρὃμειλίχιον‖μῦθονφέρεΚαδμείοισι
αὐτὰρandἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of φέρεμειλίχιονgentleμειλίχιος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies μῦθονμῦθονmessageμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of φέρεφέρεcarriedφέρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΚαδμείοισιto the CadmeansΚαδμεῖος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of φέρε - 289
there; but as he returned he devised most terrible deeds
Metre
κεῖσἀτὰρἂψἀπιὼν‖μάλαμέρμεραμήσατοἔργα
κεῖσthereἐκεῖσε · adverbobject of φέρεἀτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἂψbackἄψ · adverbobject of ἀπιὼνἀπιὼνas he returnedἄπειμι · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μήσατομάλαmostμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleμέρμεραterribleμέρμερος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔργαμήσατοdevisedμήδομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔργαdeedsἔργον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of μήσατο - 290
with you, divine goddess, when you willingly stood beside him.
Metre
σὺνσοὶδῖαθεά‖ὅτεοἱπρόφρασσαπαρέστης
σὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionσοὶyouσύ · dative singular pronounadverbial to σὺνδῖαdivineδῖος · vocative singular feminine adjectivemodifies θεάθεάgoddessθεά · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided headὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοἱbeside himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of παρέστηςπρόφρασσαwillinglyπρόφρασσα · nominative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementπαρέστηςstood besideπαρίστημι · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ὅτε - 291
So now stand willingly beside me, and guard me.
Metre
ὣςνῦνμοιἐθέλουσα‖παρίσταοκαίμεφύλασσε
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to καίνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to καίμοιbeside meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of παρίσταοἐθέλουσαwillinglyἐθέλω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to παρίσταοπαρίσταοstand besideπαρίστημι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of φύλασσεφύλασσεguardφυλάσσω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 292
In return I will sacrifice to you a yearling, broad-browed heifer,
Metre
σοὶαὖἐγὼῥέξω‖βοῦνἦνινεὐρυμέτωπον
σοὶto youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of ῥέξωδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖin returnαὖ · adverbsentence particleἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ῥέξωῥέξωI will sacrificeῥέζω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbβοῦνheiferβοῦς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ῥέξωἦνινyearlingἦνις · accusative singular feminine nounmodifiesεὐρυμέτωπονbroad-browedεὐρυμέτωπος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies - 293
unbroken, which no man has yet brought beneath the yoke;
Metre
ἀδμήτηνἣνοὔ‖πωὑπὸζυγὸνἤγαγενἀνήρ
ἀδμήτηνunbrokenἄδμητος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifiesἣνwhichὅς · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ἤγαγενοὔnoοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleπωyetπω · particlesentence particleὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionζυγὸνyokeζυγόν · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ὑπὸἤγαγενhas broughtἄγω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing βοῦνἀνήρmanἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἤγαγεν - 294
I will sacrifice her to you, pouring gold over her horns.”
Metre
τήντοιἐγὼῥέξω‖χρυσὸνκέρασινπεριχεύας
τήνherὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ῥέξωτοιto youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of ῥέξωἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ῥέξωῥέξωI will sacrificeῥέζω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbχρυσὸνgoldχρυσός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of περιχεύαςκέρασινhornsκέρας · dative plural neuter nounobject of περιχεύαςπεριχεύαςpouring overπεριχέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ῥέξω - 295
So they spoke in prayer, and Pallas Athena heard them.
Metre
ὣςἔφανεὐχόμενοι‖τῶνἔκλυεΠαλλὰςἈθήνη
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφανἔφανthey spokeφημί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbεὐχόμενοιprayingεὔχομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἔφαντῶνthemὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounobject of ἔκλυεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔκλυεheardκλύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΠαλλὰςPallasΠαλλάς · nominative singular feminine nounmodifies ἈθήνηἈθήνηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔκλυε - 296
When they had prayed to the daughter of great Zeus,
Metre
οἳἐπεὶἠρήσαντο‖Διὸςκούρῃμεγάλοιο
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of βάνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἠρήσαντοhad prayedἀράομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἐπεὶΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κούρῃκούρῃdaughterκόρη · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἠρήσαντομεγάλοιοgreatμέγας · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Διὸς - 297
they went on like two lions through the black night,
Metre
βάνἴμενὥςτελέοντε‖δύωδιὰνύκταμέλαιναν
βάνwent onβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbῥthenἆρα · particlesentence particleἴμενto goεἶμι · present active infinitiveobject of βάνὥςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialτεtypicallyτε · particlesentence particleλέοντεlionsλέων · nominative dual masculine nounsubjectδύωtwoδύο · numeralmodifies λέοντεδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionνύκταnightνύξ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of διὰμέλαινανblackμέλας · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νύκτα - 298
through slaughter, through corpses, through armor and black blood.
Metre
ἂμφόνονἂννέκυας‖διάἔντεακαὶμέλαναἷμα
ἂμthroughἀνά · prepositionprepositionφόνονslaughterφόνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἂμἂνthroughἀνά · prepositionprepositionνέκυαςcorpsesνέκυς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἂνδιάthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionτandτε · particlesentence particleἔντεαarmorἔντεα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμέλανblackμέλας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies αἷμααἷμαbloodαἷμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶ - 299
Nor did Hector allow the high-hearted Trojans
οὐδὲnorοὐδέ · adverbemphasizing particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleοὐδὲ μὲν οὐδὲ stacks particles for emphasis: 'nor indeed... at all.'
οὐδὲevenοὐδέ · adverbemphasizing particleΤρῶαςthe TrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounsubject of εὕδεινἀγήνοραςhigh-heartedἀγήνωρ · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρῶαςεἴασενallowedἐάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀλλ̓ - 300
to sleep, but called all the princes together,
Metre
εὕδεινἀλλἄμυδις‖κικλήσκετοπάνταςἀρίστους
εὕδεινto sleepεὕδω · present active infinitiveobject of εἴασενἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄμυδιςtogetherἄμυδις · adverbadverbial to κικλήσκετοκικλήσκετοcalledκικλήσκω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπάνταςallπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀρίστουςἀρίστουςprincesἄριστος · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of κικλήσκετο - 301
all who were leaders and rulers of the Trojans;
Metre
ὅσσοιἔσανΤρώων‖ἡγήτορεςἠδὲμέδοντες
ὅσσοιall whoὅσος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἔσανἔσανwereεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἀρίστουςΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies ἠδὲἡγήτορεςleadersἡγήτωρ · nominative plural masculine nounpredicate nounἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordμέδοντεςrulersμέδων · nominative plural masculine nounpredicate noun - 302
calling them together, he devised his close-woven counsel:
Metre
τοὺςὅγεσυγκαλέσας‖πυκινὴνἀρτύνετοβουλήν
τοὺςthemὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of συγκαλέσαςὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀρτύνετογεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleσυγκαλέσαςcalling togetherσυγκαλέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀρτύνετοπυκινὴνclose-wovenπυκινός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies βουλήνἀρτύνετοwas devisingἀρτύνω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβουλήνcounselβουλή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀρτύνετο - 303
“Who will undertake this work for me and carry it through
Metre
τίςκένμοιτόδεἔργον‖ὑποσχόμενοςτελέσειε
τίςwhoτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of τελέσειεκένwouldἄν · particlesentence particleμοιfor meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of τελέσειετόδεthisὅδε · accusative singular neuter pronounmodifies ἔργονἔργονworkἔργον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of τελέσειεὑποσχόμενοςundertakingὑπισχνέομαι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to τελέσειετελέσειεcarry throughτελέω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 304
for a great reward? His payment will be enough.
Metre
δώρῳἔπιμεγάλῳ‖μισθὸςδέοἱἄρκιοςἔσται
δώρῳfor a rewardδῶρον · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἔπιἔπιforἐπί · prepositionprepositionμεγάλῳgreatμέγας · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δώρῳμισθὸςpaymentμισθός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔσταιδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱfor himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔσταιἄρκιοςenoughἄρκιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies μισθὸςἔσταιwill beεἰμί · future indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 305
For I will give a chariot and two high-necked horses,
Metre
δώσωγὰρδίφρόν‖τεδύωἐριαύχεναςἵππους
δώσωI will giveδίδωμι · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleδίφρόνchariotδίφρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τ̓τεandτε · particlesentence particleδύωtwoδύο · numeralmodifies ἵππουςτandτε · particlecoordinating wordἐριαύχεναςhigh-neckedἐριαύχην · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of τ̓ - 306
whichever are best beside the swift ships of the Achaeans,
Metre
οἵκενἄριστοιἔωσι‖θοῇςἐπὶνηυσὶνἈχαιῶν
οἵwhicheverὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἔωσικενmayἄν · particlesentence particleἄριστοιbestἄριστος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounἔωσιareεἰμί · present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἵππουςθοῇςswiftθοός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶνἐπὶbesideἐπί · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶνthe shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐπὶἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶν - 307
to whoever dares, and wins glory for himself,
Metre
ὅςτίςκετλαίη‖οἷαὐτῷκῦδοςἄροιτο
ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of τ̓τίςeverτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies ὅςκεmayἄν · particlesentence particleτλαίηdaresτλάω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbobject of τ̓οἷfor himselfἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἄροιτοτandτε · particlecoordinating wordαὐτῷhimselfαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἄροιτοἄροιτοmight winαἴρω · aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ὅς - 308
to go close to the swift-running ships and learn
Metre
νηῶνὠκυπόρων‖σχεδὸνἐλθέμενἔκτεπυθέσθαι
νηῶνof the shipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of σχεδὸνὠκυπόρωνswift-runningὠκύπορος · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηῶνσχεδὸνclose toσχεδόν · prepositionprepositionἐλθέμενto goἔρχομαι · aorist active infinitiveobject of τεἔκfullyἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordπυθέσθαιto learnπυνθάνομαι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of τε - 309
whether the swift ships are guarded as they were before,
Metre
ἠέφυλάσσονται‖νῆεςθοαὶὡςτὸπάροςπερ
ἠέwhetherἤ · conjunctionsentence particleφυλάσσονταιare guardedφυλάσσω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbobject of ἦνῆεςshipsναῦς · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of φυλάσσονταιθοαὶswiftθοός · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆεςὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialτὸtheὁ · accusative singular neuter articlemodifies πάροςπάροςbeforeπάρος · adverbadverbialπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particle - 310
or whether, already broken beneath our hands,
Metre
ἦἤδηχείρεσσιν‖ὑφἡμετέρῃσιδαμέντες
ἦorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἤδηalreadyἤδη · adverbadverbial to βουλεύουσιχείρεσσινhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of ὑφ̓ὑφbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionἡμετέρῃσιourἡμέτερος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies χείρεσσινδαμέντεςbrokenδαμάζω · aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to βουλεύουσι - 311
they are planning flight among themselves and have no wish
Metre
φύξινβουλεύουσι‖μετὰσφίσινοὐδἐθέλουσι
φύξινflightφύξις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of βουλεύουσιβουλεύουσιare planningβουλεύω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbobject of δ̓μετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionσφίσινthemselvesσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of μετὰἐθέλουσιwishἐθέλω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbobject of δ̓ - 312
to keep watch through the night, worn down by cruel toil.”
νύκταthrough the nightνύξ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of φυλασσέμεναιφυλασσέμεναιkeep watchφυλάσσω · present active infinitiveobject of ἐθέλουσιEpic infinitive in -menai, dependent on “wish” from the preceding line.
καμάτῳwith wearinessκάματος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἀδηκότεςἀδηκότεςworn downἀδέω · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐθέλουσιαἰνῷcruelαἰνός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies καμάτῳ - 313
So he spoke, and they all fell hushed in silence;
Metre
ὣςἔφαθοἳἄραπάντες‖ἀκὴνἐγένοντοσιωπῇ
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφαθ̓ἔφαθhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐγένοντοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleπάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies οἳἀκὴνin silenceἀκήν · adverbadverbial to ἐγένοντοἐγένοντοbecameγίγνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbσιωπῇin silenceσιωπή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐγένοντο - 314
There was among the Trojans a certain Dolon, son of Eumedes,
Metre
ἦνδέτιςἐνΤρώεσσι‖ΔόλωνΕὐμήδεοςυἱὸς
ἦνthere wasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτιςa certainτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies Δόλωνἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionΤρώεσσιthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐνΔόλωνDolonΔόλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἦνΕὐμήδεοςof EumedesΕὐμήδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifiesυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Δόλων - 315
the godlike herald; Dolon was rich in gold and rich in bronze,
Metre
κήρυκοςθείοιο‖πολύχρυσοςπολύχαλκος
κήρυκοςof the heraldκῆρυξ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifiesθείοιοgodlikeθεῖος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies κήρυκοςπολύχρυσοςgold-richπολύχρυσος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifiesπολύχαλκοςrich in bronzeπολύχαλκος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies - 316
who was ugly in appearance, but swift on his feet;
Metre
ὃςδήτοιεἶδος‖μὲνἔηνκακόςἀλλὰποδώκης
ὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀλλὰδήindeedδή · particlesentence particleτοιindeedτοι · particlesentence particleεἶδοςin appearanceεἶδος · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἔηνμὲνon one handμέν · particlesentence particleἔηνwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἀλλὰκακόςuglyκακός · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordποδώκηςswift-footedποδώκης · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 317
and he was the only son among five sisters.
Metre
αὐτὰρὃμοῦνοςἔην‖μετὰπέντεκασιγνήτῃσιν
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔηνμοῦνοςaloneμόνος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἔηνwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionπέντεfiveπέντε · numeralmodifies κασιγνήτῃσινκασιγνήτῃσινsistersκασιγνήτη · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to μετὰ - 318
He then spoke his word to the Trojans and to Hector:
Metre
ὅςῥατότεΤρωσίν‖τεκαὶἝκτοριμῦθονἔειπεν
ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔειπενῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτότεthenτότε · adverbadverbial to ἔειπενΤρωσίνto the TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἝκτοριto HectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶμῦθονwordμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔειπενἔειπενspokeεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 319
“Hector, my heart and proud spirit urge me
Metre
Ἕκτορἔμὀτρύνει‖κραδίηκαὶθυμὸςἀγήνωρ
ἝκτορHectorἝκτωρ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἔμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of τεὀτρύνειurgesὀτρύνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκραδίηheartκαρδία · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordθυμὸςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶἀγήνωρproudἀγήνωρ · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμὸς - 320
to go close to the swift-running ships and make inquiry.
Metre
νηῶνὠκυπόρων‖σχεδὸνἐλθέμενἔκτεπυθέσθαι
νηῶνof the shipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of σχεδὸνὠκυπόρωνswift-runningὠκύπορος · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηῶνσχεδὸνclose toσχεδόν · prepositionprepositionἐλθέμενto goἔρχομαι · aorist active infinitiveobject of τεἔκoutἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleThe preverb is separated from its verb by tmesis: together they mean “make inquiry.”
τεandτε · particlecoordinating wordπυθέσθαιmake inquiryπυνθάνομαι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of τε - 321
But come, raise the scepter for me and swear
Metre
ἀλλἄγεμοιτὸσκῆπτρον‖ἀνάσχεοκαίμοιὄμοσσον
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἄγεcomeἄγε · adverbsentence particleμοιfor meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀνάσχεοτὸtheὁ · accusative singular neuter articlemodifies σκῆπτρονσκῆπτρονscepterσκῆπτρον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀνάσχεοἀνάσχεοraiseἀνέχω · aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbκαίandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ὄμοσσονὄμοσσονswearὄμνυμι · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 322
that you will give me the horses and the chariot adorned with bronze
Metre
ἦμὲντοὺςἵππους‖τεκαὶἅρματαποικίλαχαλκῷ
ἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleτοὺςtheὁ · accusative plural masculine articlemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἅρματαchariotἅρμα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶποικίλαrichly wroughtποικίλος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἅρματαχαλκῷwith bronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounmodifies ποικίλα - 323
that carry the blameless son of Peleus.
Metre
δωσέμενοἳφορέουσιν‖ἀμύμοναΠηλεΐωνα
δωσέμενto giveδίδωμι · future active infinitiveobject of ὄμοσσονοἳwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of φορέουσινφορέουσινcarryφορέω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing καὶἀμύμοναblamelessἀμύμων · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΠηλεΐωναΠηλεΐωναson of PeleusΠηλείων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of φορέουσιν - 324
I will be no worthless scout for you, nor fall short of your expectation;
Metre
σοὶἐγὼοὐχἅλιος‖σκοπὸςἔσσομαιοὐδἀπὸδόξης
σοὶfor youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of ἔσσομαιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔσσομαιοὐχnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἅλιοςworthlessἅλιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δ̓σκοπὸςscoutσκοπός · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate nounἔσσομαιwill beεἰμί · future middle indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἀπὸshort ofἀπό · prepositionprepositionδόξηςexpectationδόξα · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἀπὸ - 325
for I will go straight through the camp until I reach
Metre
τόφραγὰρἐςστρατὸνεἶμι‖διαμπερὲςὄφρἂνἵκωμαι
τόφραmeanwhileτόφρα · adverbadverbial to εἶμιγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionστρατὸνcampστρατός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐςεἶμιwill goεἶμι · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbδιαμπερὲςclean throughδιαμπερές · adverbadverbial to εἶμιὄφρuntilὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἂνwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἵκωμαιreachἱκνέομαι · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verbverb of a clause describing ὄφῤ - 326
Agamemnon's ship, where the princes must surely
Metre
νῆἈγαμεμνονέην‖ὅθιπουμέλλουσινἄριστοι
νῆshipναῦς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἵκωμαιἈγαμεμνονέηνAgamemnon'sἈγαμεμνόνεος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νῆ̓ὅθιwhereὅθι · adverbadverbial to μέλλουσινπουperhapsπού · adverbsentence particleμέλλουσινare about toμέλλω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing νῆ̓ἄριστοιleadersἄριστος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of μέλλουσιν - 327
be taking counsel whether to flee or fight.”
Metre
βουλὰςβουλεύειν‖ἢφευγέμενἠὲμάχεσθαι
βουλὰςcounselsβουλή · accusative plural feminine nounobjectβουλεύεινto deliberateβουλεύω · present active infinitiveobject of μέλλουσινἢorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleφευγέμενto fleeφεύγω · present active infinitiveobject of ἠὲἠὲorἠέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἠὲ - 328
So he spoke; Hector took the scepter in his hands and swore to him:
Metre
ὣςφάθὃἐνχερσὶ‖σκῆπτρονλάβεκαίοἱὄμοσσεν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάθ̓φάθhe spokeφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καίδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionχερσὶhis handsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνσκῆπτρονscepterσκῆπτρον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of λάβελάβεseizedλαμβάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordοἱto himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ὄμοσσενὄμοσσενsworeὄμνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 329
“Now let loud-thundering Zeus, husband of Hera, be witness:
Metre
ἴστωνῦνΖεὺςαὐτὸς‖ἐρίγδουποςπόσιςἭρης
ἴστωbe witnessοἶδα · perfect active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbA perfect imperative of knowing used as “let him know” or “be witness.”
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἴστωΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectαὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐρίγδουποςloud-thunderingἐρίγδουπος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ζεὺςπόσιςhusbandπόσις · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἭρηςof HeraἭρα · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies πόσις - 330
no other man among the Trojans shall mount those horses,
Metre
μὴμὲντοῖςἵπποισιν‖ἀνὴρἐποχήσεταιἄλλος
μὴthat notμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleτοῖςtheὁ · dative plural masculine articlemodifies ἵπποισινἵπποισινhorsesἵππος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐποχήσεταιἀνὴρmanἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐποχήσεταιἐποχήσεταιshall mountἐποχέομαι · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verbobject of μὴἄλλοςanotherἄλλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνὴρ - 331
but you, I say, shall glory in them always.”
Metre
Τρώωνἀλλάσέφημι‖διαμπερὲςἀγλαϊεῖσθαι
Τρώωνamong TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies ἀνὴρἀλλάbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordσέyouσύ · accusative singular pronounsubject of ἀγλαϊεῖσθαιφημιI sayφημί · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbδιαμπερὲςalwaysδιαμπερές · adverbadverbial to ἀγλαϊεῖσθαιἀγλαϊεῖσθαιwill gloryἀγλαίζω · future middle infinitiveobject of φημι - 332
So he spoke and swore a false oath, and spurred Dolon on.
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάτοφάτοhe spokeφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαίandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleῥthenἆρα · particlesentence particleἐπίορκονa false oathἐπίορκος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐπώμοσεNeuter singular used adverbially: he swore falsely, violating the oath.
ἐπώμοσεhe sworeἐπόμνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ὀρόθυνενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὀρόθυνενspurred onὀροθύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 333
At once Dolon slung a curved bow around his shoulders,
Metre
αὐτίκαἀμφὤμοισιν‖ἐβάλλετοκαμπύλατόξα
αὐτίκαat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to ἐβάλλετοδandδέ · particlesentence particleἀμφaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionὤμοισινshouldersὦμος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀμφ̓ἐβάλλετοslungβάλλω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαμπύλαcurvedκαμπύλος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τόξατόξαbowτόξον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐβάλλετο - 334
and over his clothes he put the hide of a gray wolf;
Metre
ἕσσατοἔκτοσθεν‖ῥινὸνπολιοῖολύκοιο
ἕσσατοput onἕννυμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἔκτοσθενoutsideἔκτοσθε · adverbadverbial to ἕσσατοῥινὸνskinῥινόν · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἕσσατοπολιοῖοof a grayπολιός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies λύκοιολύκοιοof a wolfλύκος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ῥινὸν - 335
on his head a ferret-skin cap, and he took a pointed javelin.
Metre
κρατὶἐπὶκτιδέην‖κυνέηνἕλεὀξὺνἄκοντα
κρατὶon his headκράς · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπὶδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionκτιδέηνferret-skinκτίδεος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κυνέηνκυνέηνhelmetκυνέη · accusative singular feminine nounobjectἕλεtookαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleὀξὺνsharpὀξύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἄκονταἄκονταjavelinἄκων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἕλε - 336
He set out toward the ships, away from the camp; but he was not destined
Metre
βῆἰέναιπροτὶνῆας‖ἀπὸστρατοῦοὐδἄρἔμελλεν
βῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbThe aorist of “go” plus an infinitive forms the epic expression “set out to go.”
δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἰέναιto goεἶμι · present active infinitiveobject of βῆπροτὶtoπρός · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of προτὶἀπὸaway fromἀπό · prepositionprepositionστρατοῦthe campστρατός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀπὸἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔμελλενwas destinedμέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 337
to come back from the ships and bring Hector any report.
Metre
ἐλθὼνἐκνηῶν‖ἂψἝκτοριμῦθονἀποίσειν
ἐλθὼνhaving returnedἔρχομαι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀποίσεινἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionνηῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἐκἂψbackἄψ · adverbadverbial to ἀποίσεινἝκτοριto HectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἀποίσεινμῦθονwordμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀποίσεινἀποίσεινto bringἀποφέρω · future active infinitiveobject of ἔμελλεν - 338
When he had left behind the throng of horses and men,
Metre
ἀλλὅτεδήἵππων‖τεκαὶἀνδρῶνκάλλιφὅμιλον
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδήindeedδή · particlesentence particleῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἵππωνof horsesἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καὶκάλλιφleft behindκαταλείπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτεὅμιλονthe throngὅμιλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κάλλιφ̓ - 339
he hurried eagerly along the road; and as he came, he was noticed by
Metre
βῆἀνὁδὸνμεμαώς‖τὸνδὲφράσατοπροσιόντα
βῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbῥthenἆρα · particlesentence particleἀνthroughἀνά · prepositionprepositionὁδὸνthe roadὁδός · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀν̓μεμαώςeagerlyμέμαα · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βῆτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of φράσατοδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleφράσατοnoticedφράζω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπροσιόνταapproachingπρόσειμι · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 340
Zeus-sprung Odysseus, who spoke to Diomedes:
Metre
διογενὴςὈδυσεύς‖Διομήδεαδὲπροσέειπεν
διογενὴςZeus-sprungδιογενής · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσεύςὈδυσεύςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δὲΔιομήδεαDiomedesΔιομήδης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προσέειπενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπροσέειπενaddressedπροσεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 341
“Diomedes, some man is coming here from the camp.
Metre
οὗτόςτιςΔιόμηδες‖ἀπὸστρατοῦἔρχεταιἀνήρ
οὗτόςthis manοὗτος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνήρτιςsomeoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἀνήρΔιόμηδεςDiomedesΔιομήδης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionστρατοῦcampστρατός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀπὸἔρχεταιis comingἔρχομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀνήρmanἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔρχεται - 342
I do not know whether he is a spy upon our ships
Metre
οὐκοἶδἢνήεσσιν‖ἐπίσκοποςἡμετέρῃσιν
οὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleοἶδI knowοἶδα · perfect active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἢwhetherἤ · conjunctionsentence particleνήεσσινover our shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounmodifies ἐπίσκοποςἐπίσκοποςas a spyἐπίσκοπος · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate nounἡμετέρῃσινourἡμέτερος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νήεσσιν - 343
or means to despoil one of the fallen.
Metre
ἦτινασυλήσων‖νεκύωνκατατεθνηώτων
ἦorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordτιναsomeoneτις · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of συλήσωνσυλήσωνmeaning to despoilσυλάω · future active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbialνεκύωνamong the deadνέκυς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τινακατατεθνηώτωνdeadκαταθνήσκω · perfect active participle, genitive plural masculinemodifies νεκύων - 344
But first let us allow him to pass us on the plain
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἐῶμένlet us allowἐάω · present active subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of παρεξελθεῖνπρῶταfirstπρῶτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to παρεξελθεῖνπαρεξελθεῖνto pass usπαρεξέρχομαι · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἐῶμένπεδίοιοacross the plainπεδίον · genitive singular neuter nounobject of παρεξελθεῖν - 345
a little way; then we can spring on him and seize him
Metre
τυτθόνἔπειταδέαὐτὸν‖ἐπαΐξαντεςἕλοιμεν
τυτθόνlittleτυτθός · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἕλοιμενδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκwe couldἄν · particlesentence particleαὐτὸνhimαὐτός · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἕλοιμενἐπαΐξαντεςspringing on himἐπαίσσω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἕλοιμενἕλοιμενmight seizeαἱρέω · aorist active optative, 1st plural verbmain verb - 346
quickly. But if he outstrips us with his feet,
Metre
καρπαλίμωςεἰἄμμε‖παραφθαίησιπόδεσσιν
καρπαλίμωςswiftlyκαρπάλιμος · adverbadverbial to ἕλοιμενεἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄμμεusἐγώ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of παραφθαίησιπαραφθαίησιhe outstripsπαραφθάνω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἰπόδεσσινon footπούς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to παραφθαίησι - 347
keep driving him toward the ships, away from the camp,
Metre
αἰείμινἐπὶνῆας‖ἀπὸστρατόφιπροτιειλεῖν
αἰείalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to προτιειλεῖνμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προτιειλεῖνἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐπὶἀπὸaway fromἀπό · prepositionprepositionστρατόφιthe campστρατός · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἀπὸπροτιειλεῖνkeep drivingπροσειλέω · present active infinitivemain verb - 348
rushing at him with your spear, lest he somehow escape toward the city.”
Metre
ἔγχειἐπαΐσσων‖μήπωςπροτὶἄστυἀλύξῃ
ἔγχειwith your spearἔγχος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐπαΐσσωνἐπαΐσσωνrushing at himἐπαίσσω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προτιειλεῖνμήlestμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπωςsomehowπως · particlesentence particleπροτὶtoπρός · prepositionprepositionἄστυcityἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of προτὶἀλύξῃescapeἀλύσκω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to μή - 349
So the two spoke and lay down off the road among the corpses;
Metre
ὣςἄραφωνήσαντε‖παρὲξὁδοῦἐννεκύεσσι
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φωνήσαντεἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleφωνήσαντεhaving spokenφωνέω · aorist active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to κλινθήτηνπαρὲξoffπαρέξ · prepositionprepositionὁδοῦthe roadὁδός · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to παρὲξἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionνεκύεσσιamong the corpsesνέκυς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐν - 350
and in his folly he ran swiftly past them.
Metre
κλινθήτηνὃἄρὦκα‖παρέδραμενἀφραδίῃσιν
κλινθήτηνthey lay downκλίνω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of παρέδραμενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὦκαquicklyὦκα · adverbadverbial to παρέδραμενπαρέδραμενran pastπαρατρέχω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀφραδίῃσινfollyἀφραδία · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to παρέδραμεν - 351
But when he was as far away as the furrow-ends of mules
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδήindeedδή · particlesentence particleῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἀπέηνwas awayἄπειμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτεὅσσόνas far asὅσος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to πέλονταιτandτε · particlesentence particleἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleοὖραfurrow-endsοὖρον · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of πέλονταιThe comparison is the distance between the ends of furrows plowed by mules and oxen.
πέλονταιlieπέλω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἀπέην - 352
lie from those of oxen—for mules are better than oxen
Metre
ἡμιόνωναἱγάρ‖τεβοῶνπροφερέστεραίεἰσιν
ἡμιόνωνof mulesἡμίονος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies οὖρααἱtheyὁ · nominative plural feminine pronounsubject of εἰσινγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτεandτε · particlesentence particleβοῶνthan oxenβοῦς · genitive plural nounmodifies προφερέστεραίπροφερέστεραίbetterπροφερής · nominative plural feminine comparative adjectivepredicate nounεἰσινareεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbgoverned by an elided head - 353
at drawing the jointed plow through deep fallow—
Metre
ἑλκέμεναινειοῖο‖βαθείηςπηκτὸνἄροτρον
ἑλκέμεναιat drawingἕλκω · present active infinitivemodifies προφερέστεραίνειοῖοthrough fallowνειός · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἑλκέμεναιβαθείηςdeepβαθύς · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies νειοῖοπηκτὸνjointedπηκτός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἄροτρονἄροτρονplowἄροτρον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἑλκέμεναι - 354
the two ran after him, and he stopped when he heard their footfall.
Metre
τὼμὲνἐπεδραμέτην‖ὃἄρἔστηδοῦπονἀκούσας
τὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of ἐπεδραμέτηνμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐπεδραμέτηνran afterἐπιτρέχω · aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔστηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔστηstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδοῦπονthe footfallδοῦπος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀκούσαςἀκούσαςhearingἀκούω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔστη - 355
For in his heart he expected that comrades were turning him back,
Metre
ἔλπετογὰρκατὰθυμὸν‖ἀποστρέψονταςἑταίρους
ἔλπετοhe expectedἔλπω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionθυμὸνhis heartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to κατὰἀποστρέψονταςturning him backἀποστρέφω · future active participle, accusative plural masculineadverbial to ἰέναιἑταίρουςcompanionsἑταῖρος · accusative plural masculine nounsubject of ἰέναι - 356
coming from the Trojans again at Hector's urging.
Metre
ἐκΤρώωνἰέναι‖πάλινἝκτοροςὀτρύναντος
ἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionΤρώωνthe TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounobject of ἐκἰέναιto be comingεἶμι · present active infinitiveobject of ἔλπετοπάλινbackπάλιν · adverbadverbial to ἰέναιἝκτοροςHectorἝκτωρ · genitive singular masculine nounsubject of ὀτρύναντοςὀτρύναντοςhaving urged themὀτρύνω · aorist active participle, genitive singular masculineadverbial to ἰέναι - 357
But when they were a spear-cast away, or even less,
Metre
ἀλλὅτεδήἄπεσαν‖δουρηνεκὲςἢκαὶἔλασσον
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδήindeedδή · particlesentence particleῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἄπεσανwere awayἄπειμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὅτεδουρηνεκὲςa spear-castδουρηνεκής · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἢἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἔλασσονlessἐλάσσων · accusative singular neuter comparative adjectiveadverbial to ἢ - 358
he knew them for foes and drove his nimble knees
Metre
γνῶἄνδραςδηΐους‖λαιψηρὰδὲγούνατἐνώμα
γνῶrecognizedγιγνώσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἄνδραςmenἀνήρ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of γνῶδηΐουςas enemiesδάιος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἄνδραςλαιψηρὰnimbleλαιψηρός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies γούνατ̓δὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordγούνατkneesγόνυ · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐνώμαἐνώμαdroveνωμάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 359
to flee; and they at once sprang to the pursuit.
Metre
φευγέμεναιτοὶαἶψα‖διώκεινὁρμήθησαν
φευγέμεναιto fleeφεύγω · present active infinitiveadverbial to ἐνώματοὶtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ὁρμήθησανδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαἶψαat onceαἶψα · adverbadverbial to ὁρμήθησανδιώκεινin pursuitδιώκω · present active infinitiveobject of ὁρμήθησανὁρμήθησανchargedὁρμάω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 360
As two sharp-toothed hounds skilled in the hunt
Metre
ὡςὅτεκαρχαρόδοντε‖δύωκύνεεἰδότεθήρης
ὡςsoὡς · adverbadverbialδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκαρχαρόδοντεsharp-toothedκαρχαρόδους · nominative dual adjectivemodifies κύνεδύωtwoδύο · numeralmodifies κύνεκύνεdogsκύων · nominative dual masculine nounsubject of ἐπείγετονεἰδότεversedοἶδα · perfect active participle, nominative dual masculinemodifies κύνεθήρηςin the huntθήρα · genitive singular feminine nounobject of εἰδότε - 361
press always after a fawn or a hare
Metre
ἢκεμάδἠὲλαγωὸν‖ἐπείγετονἐμμενὲςαἰεὶ
ἢorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleκεμάδfawnκεμάς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἠὲἠὲorἠέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordλαγωὸνhareλαγῶς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἠὲἐπείγετονpress afterἐπείγω · present active indicative, 2nd dual verbadverbial to δέἐμμενὲςwithout ceaseἐμμενής · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐπείγετοναἰεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἐμμενὲς - 362
through wooded country, while it runs ahead crying,
Metre
χῶρονἀνὑλήενθ‖ὃδέτεπροθέῃσιμεμηκώς
χῶρονcountryχῶρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀν̓ἀνthroughἀνά · prepositionprepositionὑλήενθwoodedὑλήεις · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χῶρονὃitὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of προθέῃσιδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεandτε · particlesentence particleπροθέῃσιruns aheadπροθέω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δέμεμηκώςbleatingμηκάομαι · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προθέῃσι - 363
so the son of Tydeus and Odysseus, sacker of cities,
Metre
ὣςτὸνΤυδεΐδης‖ἠδὃπτολίπορθοςὈδυσσεὺς
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to διώκετοντὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of διώκετονΤυδεΐδηςson of TydeusΤυδείδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠδ̓ἠδandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordὃtheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies Ὀδυσσεὺςπτολίπορθοςsacker of citiesπτολίπορθος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσσεὺςὈδυσσεὺςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠδ̓ - 364
cut him off from his people and pursued him without cease.
Metre
λαοῦἀποτμήξαντε‖διώκετονἐμμενὲςαἰεί
λαοῦfrom his peopleλαός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀποτμήξαντεἀποτμήξαντεcutting him offἀποτμήγω · aorist active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to διώκετονδιώκετονpursuingδιώκω · imperfect active indicative, 2nd dual verbmain verbἐμμενὲςwithout ceaseἐμμενής · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to διώκετοναἰείalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἐμμενὲς - 365
But when, fleeing toward the ships, he was soon about to reach the guards,
Metre
ἀλλὅτεδὴτάχἔμελλε‖μιγήσεσθαιφυλάκεσσι
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleτάχsoonτάχα · adverbadverbial to ἔμελλεἔμελλεwas about toμέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτεμιγήσεσθαιreachμίγνυμι · future passive infinitiveobject of ἔμελλεφυλάκεσσιguardsφύλαξ · dative plural masculine nounobject of μιγήσεσθαι - 366
then Athena put strength into the son of Tydeus,
Metre
φεύγωνἐςνῆας‖τότεδὴμένοςἔμβαλἈθήνη
φεύγωνfleeingφεύγω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μιγήσεσθαιἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐςτότεthenτότε · adverbadverbial to ἔμβαλ̓δὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔμβαλ̓ἔμβαλputἐμβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈθήνηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔμβαλ̓ - 367
so that none of the bronze-clad Achaeans
Metre
Τυδεΐδῃἵναμή‖τιςἈχαιῶνχαλκοχιτώνων
Τυδεΐδῃthe son of TydeusΤυδείδης · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἔμβαλ̓ἵναso thatἵνα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμήnoμή · adverbemphasizing particleτιςoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of φθαίηἈχαιῶνof AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τιςχαλκοχιτώνωνbronze-cladχαλκοχίτων · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχαιῶν - 368
might be first to boast that he had struck him, while Diomedes came second.
Metre
φθαίηἐπευξάμενος‖βαλέεινὃδὲδεύτεροςἔλθοι
φθαίηmight be firstφθάνω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δὲWith the optative, the verb means “get there first” and so preempt another’s boast.
ἐπευξάμενοςhaving boastedἐπεύχομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to φθαίηβαλέεινto have struckβάλλω · future active infinitiveobject of φθαίηὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔλθοιδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδεύτεροςsecondδεύτερος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔλθοιmight comeἔρχομαι · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δὲ - 369
Rushing at him with his spear, mighty Diomedes spoke:
Metre
δουρὶἐπαΐσσων‖προσέφηκρατερὸςΔιομήδης
δουρὶwith his spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐπαΐσσωνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπαΐσσωνrushing at himἐπαίσσω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηsaidπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκρατερὸςmightyκρατερός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιομήδηςΔιομήδηςDiomedesΔιομήδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 370
“Either stand, or I will catch you with my spear; and I tell you
Metre
ἠὲμένἠέσεδουρὶ‖κιχήσομαιοὐδέσέφημι
ἠὲorἠέ · conjunctionsentence particleμένstandμένω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἠέorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordσεyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of κιχήσομαιδουρὶwith the spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to κιχήσομαικιχήσομαιI will catchκιχάνω · future middle indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbσέyouσύ · accusative singular pronounsubject of ἀλύξεινφημιI sayφημί · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 371
you will not long escape sheer death from my hand.”
Metre
δηρὸνἐμῆςἀπὸχειρὸς‖ἀλύξειναἰπὺνὄλεθρον
δηρὸνfor longδηρός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀλύξεινἐμῆςmyἐμός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies χειρὸςἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionχειρὸςhandχείρ · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἀπὸἀλύξεινwill escapeἀλύσκω · future active infinitiveobject of φημιαἰπὺνsheerαἰπύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὄλεθρονὄλεθρονdeathὄλεθρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀλύξειν - 372
He spoke and cast his spear, but deliberately missed the man;
Metre
ἦῥακαὶἔγχοςἀφῆκεν‖ἑκὼνἡμάρτανεφωτός
ἦhe spokeἠμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleκαὶalsoκαί · adverbsentence particleἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀφῆκενἀφῆκενhurledἀφίημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἑκὼνby choiceἑκών · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementThe adjective is predicative: Diomedes missed intentionally.
δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἡμάρτανεmissedἁμαρτάνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφωτόςthe manφώς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἡμάρτανε - 373
over his right shoulder the point of the polished spear
δεξιτερὸνrightδεξιτερός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὦμονδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὑπὲρaboveὑπέρ · prepositionprepositionὦμονshoulderὦμος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to ὑπὲρἐΰξουpolishedεὔξοος · genitive singular neuter adjectivemodifies δουρὸςδουρὸςspearδόρυ · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies ἀκωκὴἀκωκὴpointἀκωκή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐπάγη - 374
drove into the ground; he stopped and was terrified,
Metre
ἐνγαίῃἐπάγη‖ὃἄρἔστητάρβησέντε
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionγαίῃgroundγαῖα · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐνἐπάγηwas drivenπήγνυμι · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of τεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔστηstoppedἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτάρβησένwas afraidταρβέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 375
stammering, while the clatter of his teeth rose through his mouth,
Metre
βαμβαίνωνἄραβος‖δὲδιὰστόμαγίγνετὀδόντων
βαμβαίνωνstammeringβαμβαίνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to τάρβησένἄραβοςclatterἄραβος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of γίγνετ̓δὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionστόμαmouthστόμα · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to διὰγίγνετaroseγίγνομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὀδόντωνof his teethὀδούς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἄραβος - 376
pale beneath his fear; and the two, panting, caught him,
Metre
χλωρὸςὑπαὶδείους‖τὼἀσθμαίνοντεκιχήτην
χλωρὸςpaleχλωρός · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounὑπαὶbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionδείουςfearδέος · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ὑπαὶτὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of δ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἀσθμαίνοντεpantingἀσθμαίνω · present active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to κιχήτηνκιχήτηνcaught himκιχάνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verb - 377
and seized him by both hands; and he wept and spoke:
Metre
χειρῶνἁψάσθην‖ὃδὲδακρύσαςἔποςηὔδα
χειρῶνby the handsχείρ · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἁψάσθηνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἁψάσθηνseized himἅπτω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ηὔδαδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδακρύσαςweepingδακρύω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ηὔδαἔποςwordἔπος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ηὔδαηὔδαspokeαὐδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 378
“Take me alive, and I will ransom myself; for there is within my house
Metre
ζωγρεῖταὐτὰρἐγὼν‖ἐμὲλύσομαιἔστιγὰρἔνδον
ζωγρεῖτtake me aliveζωγρέω · present active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbLiterally “capture alive,” here a plea to be spared for ransom.
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordἐγὼνIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of λύσομαιἐμὲmyselfἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of λύσομαιλύσομαιwill ransomλύω · future middle indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἔστιthere isεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἔνδονinsideἔνδον · adverbadverbial to ἔστι - 379
bronze and gold and iron wrought with toil.
Metre
χαλκόςτεχρυσός‖τεπολύκμητόςτεσίδηρος
χαλκόςbronzeχαλκός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleχρυσόςgoldχρυσός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleπολύκμητόςmuch-workedπολύκμητος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies σίδηροςτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordσίδηροςironσίδηρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τε - 380
From these my father would grant you boundless ransom,
Metre
τῶνὔμμινχαρίσαιτο‖πατὴρἀπερείσιἄποινα
τῶνfrom theseὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies ἄποινακwouldἄν · particlesentence particleὔμμινto youσύ · dative plural pronounobject of χαρίσαιτοχαρίσαιτοgrantχαρίζομαι · aorist medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τεπατὴρfatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of χαρίσαιτοἀπερείσιboundlessἀπερείσιος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἄποιναἄποιναransomἄποινα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of χαρίσαιτο - 381
if he heard that I was alive beside the ships of the Achaeans.”
Metre
εἴκενἐμὲζωὸν‖πεπύθοιτἐπὶνηυσὶνἈχαιῶν
εἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκενwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἐμὲmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of πεπύθοιτ̓ζωὸνaliveζωός · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπεπύθοιτhe heard ofπυνθάνομαι · aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἴἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶνthe shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounmodifies ἐπὶἈχαιῶνof AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶν - 382
Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him and said:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπαμειβόμενοςansweredἀπαμείβομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηsaidπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπολύμητιςof many wilesπολύμητις · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσσεύςὈδυσσεύςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 383
"Take heart, and let death be no concern within your heart.
Metre
θάρσειμηδέτίτοι‖θάνατοςκαταθύμιοςἔστω
θάρσειtake heartθαρσέω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbτίat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to ἔστωτοιto youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of ἔστωθάνατοςdeathθάνατος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔστωκαταθύμιοςa concernκαταθύμιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἔστωlet beεἰμί · present active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 384
But come, tell me this and recount it truly:
Metre
ἀλλἄγεμοιτόδεεἰπὲ‖καὶἀτρεκέωςκατάλεξον
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἄγεcomeἄγε · adverbsentence particleμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of καὶτόδεthisὅδε · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of καὶεἰπὲtellεἶπον · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀτρεκέωςplainlyἀτρεκής · adverbadverbial to κατάλεξονκατάλεξονrecountκαταλέγω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 385
why are you going thus alone from the camp toward the ships
πῇwhereπῆ · pronounobject of ἔρχεαιδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleοὕτωςsoοὕτως · adverbsentence particleἐπὶtowardἐπί · prepositionprepositionνῆαςthe shipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπὶἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionστρατοῦthe campστρατός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀπὸἔρχεαιare you goingἔρχομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbοἶοςaloneοἷος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 386
through the dark night, when other mortals sleep?
Metre
νύκταδιὀρφναίην‖ὅτεεὕδουσιβροτοὶἄλλοι
νύκταnightνύξ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of δἰδιthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionὀρφναίηνmurkyὀρφναῖος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νύκταὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionθandτε · particlesentence particleεὕδουσιsleepεὕδω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὅτεβροτοὶmortalsβροτός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of εὕδουσιἄλλοιotherἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies βροτοὶ - 387
Is it to strip someone among the fallen dead?
Metre
ἤτινασυλήσων‖νεκύωνκατατεθνηώτων
ἤorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleτιναsomeoneτις · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of συλήσωνσυλήσωνto despoilσυλάω · future active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbialνεκύωνamong the deadνέκυς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τινακατατεθνηώτωνdeadκαταθνήσκω · perfect active participle, genitive plural masculinemodifies νεκύων - 388
Or did Hector send you to spy out everything
Metre
ἦἝκτωρπροέηκε‖διασκοπιᾶσθαιἕκαστα
ἦorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleσyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of προέηκεἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προέηκεπροέηκεsentπροίημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδιασκοπιᾶσθαιto spy outδιασκοπιάομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveadverbial to προέηκεἕκασταeverythingἕκαστος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of διασκοπιᾶσθαι - 389
at the hollow ships? Or did your own heart urge you on?"
νῆαςthe shipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἔπιἔπιuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionγλαφυράςhollowγλαφυρός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςἦorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordσyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of ἀνῆκεαὐτὸνyourselfαὐτός · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementθυμὸςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀνῆκεἀνῆκεurged onἀνίημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 390
Then Dolon answered him; his limbs trembled beneath him:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἠμείβετ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἠμείβετansweredἀμείβω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἠμείβετ̓ΔόλωνDolonΔόλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠμείβετ̓ὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔτρεμεtrembledτρέμω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγυῖαlimbsγυῖον · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of ἔτρεμε - 391
"Hector led my mind astray with many ruinous delusions,
Metre
πολλῇσίνἄτῃσι‖παρὲκνόονἤγαγενἝκτωρ
πολλῇσίνwith manyπολύς · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἄτῃσιμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἤγαγενἄτῃσιdelusionsἄτη · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἤγαγενπαρὲκastrayπαρέξ · prepositionprepositionνόονmindνόος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of παρὲκἤγαγενledἄγω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἤγαγεν - 392
who promised to give me the single-hoofed horses of Peleus' glorious son
Metre
ὅςμοιΠηλεΐωνος‖ἀγαυοῦμώνυχαςἵππους
ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of κατένευσεμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of δωσέμεναιΠηλεΐωνοςof Peleus’s sonΠηλείων · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἵππουςἀγαυοῦgloriousἀγαυός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Πηλεΐωνοςμώνυχαςsingle-hoofedμω~νυξ · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶ - 393
and his chariot richly worked in bronze; and he ordered me
Metre
δωσέμεναικατένευσε‖καὶἅρματαποικίλαχαλκῷ
δωσέμεναιto giveδίδωμι · future active infinitiveobject of κατένευσεκατένευσεnodded assentκατανεύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἕκτωρκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἅρματαchariotἅρμα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶποικίλαrichly wroughtποικίλος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἅρματαχαλκῷin bronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounmodifies ποικίλα - 394
to go through the swift black night
Metre
ἠνώγειδέἰόντα‖θοὴνδιὰνύκταμέλαιναν
ἠνώγειhad orderedἄνωγα · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἠνώγειἰόνταto goεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementθοὴνswiftθοός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νύκταδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionνύκταnightνύξ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of διὰμέλαινανblackμέλας · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νύκτα - 395
and draw near the enemy men, and learn
Metre
ἀνδρῶνδυσμενέων‖σχεδὸνἐλθέμενἔκτεπυθέσθαι
ἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounobject of σχεδὸνδυσμενέωνenemyδυσμενής · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνδρῶνσχεδὸνnearσχεδόν · prepositionprepositionἐλθέμενto comeἔρχομαι · aorist active infinitiveobject of τεἔκoutἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordπυθέσθαιto learnπυνθάνομαι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of τε - 396
whether the swift ships are guarded as before,
Metre
ἠὲφυλάσσονται‖νῆεςθοαὶὡςτὸπάροςπερ
ἠὲwhetherἤ · conjunctionsentence particleφυλάσσονταιare guardedφυλάσσω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbobject of ἦνῆεςshipsναῦς · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of φυλάσσονταιθοαὶswiftθοός · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆεςὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialτὸtheὁ · accusative singular neuter articlemodifies πάροςπάροςbeforeπάρος · adverbadverbialπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particle - 397
or whether, already broken beneath our hands,
Metre
ἦἤδηχείρεσσιν‖ὑφἡμετέρῃσιδαμέντες
ἦorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἤδηalreadyἤδη · adverbadverbial to βουλεύουσιχείρεσσινby handsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of ὑφ̓ὑφbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionἡμετέρῃσιourἡμέτερος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies χείρεσσινδαμέντεςdefeatedδαμάζω · aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to βουλεύουσι - 398
they are planning flight among themselves and have no wish
Metre
φύξινβουλεύουσι‖μετὰσφίσινοὐδἐθέλουσι
φύξινflightφύξις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of βουλεύουσιβουλεύουσιare planningβουλεύω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbobject of δ̓μετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionσφίσινthemselvesσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to μετὰἐθέλουσιwishἐθέλω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbobject of δ̓ - 399
to keep watch through the night, worn down by cruel toil."
νύκταthrough the nightνύξ · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to φυλασσέμεναιφυλασσέμεναιwatchφυλάσσω · present active infinitiveobject of ἐθέλουσικαμάτῳwith wearinessκάματος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἀδηκότεςἀδηκότεςworn downἀδέω · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐθέλουσιαἰνῷcruelαἰνός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies καμάτῳ - 400
Then Odysseus of many wiles smiled and spoke to him:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπιμειδήσαςsmilingἐπιμειδάω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηsaidπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπολύμητιςof many wilesπολύμητις · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσσεύςὈδυσσεύςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 401
"Truly your heart reached out for mighty gifts—
Metre
ἦῥάνύτοιμεγάλων‖δώρωνἐπεμαίετοθυμὸς
ἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleῥάthenἄρα · particlesentence particleνύnowνῦν · adverbsentence particleτοιyourτοι · particlesentence particleμεγάλωνgreatμέγας · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies δώρωνδώρωνgiftsδῶρον · genitive plural neuter nounobjectἐπεμαίετοreached forἐπιμαίομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbThe middle verb pictures the heart reaching or grasping after the prize.
θυμὸςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐπεμαίετο - 402
the horses of the warlike son of Aeacus. But hard they are
Metre
ἵππωνΑἰακίδαο‖δαΐφρονοςοἳἀλεγεινοὶ
ἵππωνhorsesἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounobjectΑἰακίδαοof Aeacus’s sonΑἰακίδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἵππωνδαΐφρονοςwarlikeδαίφρων · genitive singular adjectivemodifies Αἰακίδαοοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀλεγεινοὶhardἀλεγεινός · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 403
for mortal men to master and to drive,
Metre
ἀνδράσιγεθνητοῖσι‖δαμήμεναιἠδὀχέεσθαι
ἀνδράσιfor menἀνήρ · dative plural masculine nounmodifies ἀλεγεινοὶγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleθνητοῖσιmortalθνητός · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνδράσιδαμήμεναιto be masteredδαμάζω · aorist passive infinitivemodifies ἠδ̓ἠδandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordὀχέεσθαιto driveὀχέω · present medio-passive infinitivemodifies ἠδ̓ - 404
for any but Achilles, whom an immortal mother bore.
ἄλλῳanyone elseἄλλος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνδράσιγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἢthanἤ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἈχιλῆϊAchillesἈχιλλεύς · dative singular masculine nounmodifies ἢτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of τέκεἀθανάτηimmortalἀθάνατος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μήτηρτέκεboreτίκτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἀχιλῆϊμήτηρmotherμήτηρ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τέκε - 405
But come, tell me this and recount it truly:
Metre
ἀλλἄγεμοιτόδεεἰπὲ‖καὶἀτρεκέωςκατάλεξον
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἄγεcomeἄγε · adverbsentence particleμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of εἰπὲτόδεthisὅδε · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of εἰπὲεἰπὲtellεἶπον · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀτρεκέωςplainlyἀτρεκής · adverbadverbial to κατάλεξονκατάλεξονrecountκαταλέγω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 406
where, when you came here, did you leave Hector, shepherd of the people?
Metre
ποῦνῦνδεῦροκιὼν‖λίπεςἝκτοραποιμέναλαῶν
ποῦwhereποῦ · adverbadverbial to λίπεςνῦνnowνῦν · adverbsentence particleδεῦροhereδεῦρο · adverbobject of κιὼνκιὼνcomingκίω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to λίπεςλίπεςdid you leaveλείπω · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of λίπεςποιμέναshepherdποιμήν · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἕκτοραλαῶνof the peopleλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ποιμένα - 407
Where does his war gear lie, and where are his horses?
Metre
ποῦδέοἱἔντεακεῖται‖ἀρήϊαποῦδέοἱἵπποι
ποῦwhereποῦ · adverbadverbial to κεῖταιδέandδέ · particlesentence particleοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἔντεαἔντεαarmorἔντεα · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of κεῖταικεῖταιliesκεῖμαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀρήϊαfor warἄρειος · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔντεαποῦwhereποῦ · adverbadverbialδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἵπποιἵπποιhorsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject - 408
And how are the other Trojans' watches and sleeping places ordered?
Metre
πῶςδαὶτῶνἄλλων‖Τρώωνφυλακαίτεκαὶεὐναί
πῶςhowπῶς · adverbsentence particleδαὶthenδαί · particlesentence particleτῶνof theὁ · genitive plural masculine articlemodifies Τρώωνἄλλωνotherἄλλος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ΤρώωνΤρώωνTrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καὶφυλακαίwatchesφυλακή · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordεὐναίsleeping placesεὐνή · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of καὶ - 409
what they are planning among themselves, whether they are eager
Metre
ἅσσάτεμητιόωσι‖μετὰσφίσινἢμεμάασιν
ἅσσάwhat thingsὅστις · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of ,τεandτε · particlecoordinating wordμητιόωσιare planningμητιάω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionσφίσινthemselvesσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to μετὰἢwhetherἤ · conjunctionsentence particleμεμάασινthey are eagerμέμαα · perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbobject of ἦε - 410
to remain here beside the ships, far from the city, or back toward the city
Metre
αὖθιμένεινπαρὰνηυσὶν‖ἀπόπροθενἦεπόλινδὲ
αὖθιhereαὖθι · adverbobject of μένεινμένεινto stayμένω · present active infinitiveobject of μεμάασινπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶνthe shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of παρὰἀπόπροθενfar awayἀπόπροθεν · adverbadverbial to μένεινἦεorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordπόλινthe cityπόλις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀναχωρήσουσινδὲandδέ · particleemphasizing particle - 411
they will withdraw, now that they have defeated the Achaeans."
Metre
ἂψἀναχωρήσουσιν‖ἐπεὶδαμάσαντόἈχαιούς
ἂψbackἄψ · adverbadverbial to ἀναχωρήσουσινἀναχωρήσουσινthey will withdrawἀναχωρέω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbobject of ἦεἐπεὶnow thatἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδαμάσαντόthey defeatedδαμάζω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἐπεὶγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of δαμάσαντό - 412
Then Dolon, son of Eumedes, addressed him again:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέειπεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτεin turnαὖτε · adverbsentence particleπροσέειπεaddressedπροσεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΔόλωνDolonΔόλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectΕὐμήδεοςof EumedesΕὐμήδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱόςυἱόςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 413
"Then I will tell you all this very truly.
Metre
τοὶγὰρἐγώτοιταῦτα‖μάλἀτρεκέωςκαταλέξω
τοὶindeedτοι · particlesentence particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐγώIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καταλέξωτοιto youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of καταλέξωταῦταall thisοὗτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of καταλέξωμάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleἀτρεκέωςplainlyἀτρεκής · adverbadverbial to καταλέξωκαταλέξωwill tellκαταλέγω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 414
Hector, among all those who are bearers of counsel,
Metre
Ἕκτωρμὲνμετὰτοῖσιν‖ὅσοιβουληφόροιεἰσί
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of βουλεύειμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionτοῖσινthoseὁ · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to μετὰὅσοιwhoὅσος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of εἰσίβουληφόροιcounselorsβουληφόρος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounεἰσίareεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing τοῖσιν - 415
is weaving counsel at the tomb of godlike Ilus,
Metre
βουλὰςβουλεύει‖θείουπαρὰσήματιἼλου
βουλὰςcounselsβουλή · accusative plural feminine nounobject of βουλεύειβουλεύειis planningβουλεύω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθείουgodlikeθεῖος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἴλουπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionσήματιthe tombσῆμα · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to παρὰἼλουof IlusἾλος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies σήματι - 416
apart from the tumult. But as for the watches you ask of, hero,
νόσφινapartνόσφι · adverbadverbial to βουλεύειἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionφλοίσβουthe tumultφλοῖσβος · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to ἀπὸφυλακὰςthe watchesφυλακή · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to δὲδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἃςwhichὅς · accusative plural feminine pronounobject of εἴρεαιεἴρεαιyou ask aboutἔρομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verbverb of a clause describing φυλακὰςἥρωςheroἥρως · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided head - 417
no chosen guard protects the camp or keeps watch.
Metre
οὔτιςκεκριμένη‖ῥύεταιστρατὸνοὐδὲφυλάσσει
οὔnoοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιςoneτις · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of δὲκεκριμένηchosenκρίνω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular femininemodifies τιςῥύεταιguardsῥύομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbστρατὸνthe campστρατός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ῥύεταιφυλάσσειkeeps watchφυλάσσω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 418
By every Trojan hearth-fire, those compelled by need
Metre
ὅσσαιμὲνΤρώων‖πυρὸςἐσχάραιοἷσινἀνάγκη
ὅσσαιas many asὅσος · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἐσχάραιμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleΤρώωνTrojanΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies ἐσχάραιπυρὸςfireπυρός · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἐσχάραιἐσχάραιhearth-firesἐσχάρα · nominative plural feminine nounsubjectοἷσινfor whomὅς · dative plural masculine pronounobjectἀνάγκηnecessityἀνάγκη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject - 419
are awake and bid one another keep watch;
Metre
οἷἐγρηγόρθασι‖φυλασσέμεναίτεκέλονται
οἷtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of τεδandδέ · particleemphasizing particleἐγρηγόρθασιare awakeἐγείρω · pluperfect passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbA resultative perfect-form verb: they have awakened and remain awake.
φυλασσέμεναίto keep watchφυλάσσω · present active infinitiveobject of κέλονταιτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordκέλονταιurgeκέλομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 420
but the far-summoned allies, in turn,
Metre
ἀλλήλοιςἀτὰραὖτε‖πολύκλητοιἐπίκουροι
ἀλλήλοιςone anotherἀλλήλων · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of κέλονταιἀτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleαὖτεin turnαὖτε · adverbsentence particleπολύκλητοιcalled from many landsπολύκλητος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἐπίκουροιἐπίκουροιalliesἐπίκουρος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of εὕδουσι - 421
sleep; they entrust the Trojans to keep the watch,
Metre
εὕδουσιΤρωσὶν‖γὰρἐπιτραπέουσιφυλάσσειν
εὕδουσιsleepεὕδω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbΤρωσὶνto TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐπιτραπέουσιγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐπιτραπέουσιthey entrustἐπιτρέπω · aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verbmain verbφυλάσσεινto keep watchφυλάσσω · present active infinitiveadverbial to ἐπιτραπέουσι - 422
since their children and wives are not near at hand."
Metre
οὐγάρσφινπαῖδες‖σχεδὸνεἵαταιοὐδὲγυναῖκες
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleσφινtheirσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounmodifies παῖδεςπαῖδεςchildrenπαῖς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of εἵαταισχεδὸνnearσχεδόν · adverbadverbial to εἵαταιεἵαταιsitἧμαι · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbγυναῖκεςwomenγυνή · nominative plural feminine nounsubject - 423
Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him and said:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπαμειβόμενοςansweredἀπαμείβομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηsaidπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπολύμητιςof many wilesπολύμητις · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσσεύςὈδυσσεύςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 424
"Then do they now sleep mingled with the horse-taming Trojans,
Metre
πῶςγὰρνῦνΤρώεσσι‖μεμιγμένοιἱπποδάμοισιν
πῶςhowπῶς · adverbadverbial to εὕδουσ̓γὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to εὕδουσ̓Τρώεσσιwith TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of μεμιγμένοιμεμιγμένοιjoinedμίγνυμι · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἦἱπποδάμοισινhorse-tamingἱππόδαμος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρώεσσι - 425
or apart? Explain it, so that I may know."
Metre
εὕδουσἦἀπάνευθε‖δίειπέμοιὄφραδαείω
εὕδουσdo they sleepεὕδω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἦorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀπάνευθεapartἀπάνευθε · adverbadverbial to ἦδίειπέexplainδιεῖπον · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of δίειπέὄφραso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδαείωI may knowδάω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to ὄφρα - 426
Then Dolon, son of Eumedes, answered him:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἠμείβετ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἠμείβετansweredἀμείβω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἠμείβετ̓ΔόλωνDolonΔόλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectΕὐμήδεοςof EumedesΕὐμήδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱόςυἱόςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 427
"Then I will tell you this too very truly.
Metre
τοὶγὰρἐγὼκαὶταῦτα‖μάλἀτρεκέωςκαταλέξω
τοὶindeedτοι · particlesentence particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καταλέξωκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleταῦταthese thingsοὗτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of καταλέξωμάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleἀτρεκέωςplainlyἀτρεκής · adverbadverbial to καταλέξωκαταλέξωwill tellκαταλέγω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 428
Toward the sea lie the Carians and the curved-bow Paeonians,
Metre
πρὸςμὲνἁλὸςΚᾶρες‖καὶΠαίονεςἀγκυλότοξοι
πρὸςtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionμὲνon one sideμέν · particlesentence particleἁλὸςthe seaἅλς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of πρὸςΚᾶρεςthe CariansΚάρ · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τεκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleΠαίονεςPaeoniansΠαίων · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τεἀγκυλότοξοιcurved-bowἀγκυλότοξος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Παίονες - 429
and the Leleges and Cauconians and godlike Pelasgians;
Metre
καὶΛέλεγεςκαὶΚαύκωνες‖δῖοίτεΠελασγοί
καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleΛέλεγεςLelegesΛέλεγες · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τεκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleΚαύκωνεςCauconiansΚαύκωνες · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τεδῖοίgodlikeδῖος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Πελασγοίτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordΠελασγοίPelasgiansΠελασγός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τε - 430
toward Thymbra the Lycians and proud Mysians received their lot,
Metre
πρὸςΘύμβρηςἔλαχον‖ΛύκιοιΜυσοίἀγέρωχοι
πρὸςtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionΘύμβρηςThymbraΘύμβρη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of πρὸςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔλαχονdrew the lotλαγχάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbΛύκιοιLyciansΛύκιοι · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶΜυσοίMysiansΜυσός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶτandτε · particlesentence particleἀγέρωχοιproudἀγέρωχος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Μυσοί - 431
and Phrygians who fight from chariots and Maeonian chariot-warriors.
Metre
καὶΦρύγεςἱππόμαχοι‖καὶΜῄονεςἱπποκορυσταί
καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleΦρύγεςPhrygiansΦρύξ · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶἱππόμαχοιchariot-fightingἱππόμαχος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Φρύγεςκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΜῄονεςMaeoniansΜῄων · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶἱπποκορυσταίchariot-fightersἱπποκορυστής · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Μῄονες - 432
But why do you question me through all these things one by one?
Metre
ἀλλὰτίἢἐμὲταῦτα‖διεξερέεσθεἕκαστα
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleτίwhyτίς · irregularadverbial to διεξερέεσθεἢprayἤ · interjectionsentence particleἐμὲmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of διεξερέεσθεταῦταthese thingsοὗτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of διεξερέεσθεδιεξερέεσθεdo you questionδιεξερέομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verbmain verbThe epic second-person plural form addresses both Odysseus and Diomedes.
ἕκασταone by oneἕκαστος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ταῦτα - 433
If indeed you two are eager to enter the Trojan throng,
Metre
εἰγὰρδὴμέματον‖Τρώωνκαταδῦναιὅμιλον
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleμέματονyou two are eagerμέμαα · perfect active indicative, 2nd dual verbadverbial to εἰΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies ὅμιλονκαταδῦναιto enterκαταδύω · aorist active infinitiveobject of μέματονὅμιλονthe throngὅμιλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καταδῦναι - 434
here are Thracians, apart, newly arrived, at the farthest edge of all;
Metre
Θρήϊκεςοἷδἀπάνευθε‖νεήλυδεςἔσχατοιἄλλων
Θρήϊκεςthe ThraciansΘρᾷξ · nominative plural masculine nounsubjectοἷδtheseὅδε · nominative plural masculine pronounmodifies Θρήϊκεςἀπάνευθεapartἀπάνευθε · adverbadverbialνεήλυδεςnewly arrivedνέηλυς · nominative plural masculine nouncircumstantial complementἔσχατοιfarthestἔσχατος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounἄλλωνof all othersἄλλος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἔσχατοι - 435
among them is their king Rhesus, son of Eioneus.
Metre
ἐνδέσφινῬῆσος‖βασιλεὺςπάϊςἨϊονῆος
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσφινthemσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to ἐνῬῆσοςRhesusῬῆσος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectβασιλεὺςkingβασιλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ῥῆσοςπάϊςsonπαῖς · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἨϊονῆοςof EioneusἨϊονεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πάϊς - 436
His horses I saw—the finest and the largest;
Metre
τοῦδὴκαλλίστους‖ἵππουςἴδονἠδὲμεγίστους
τοῦhisὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies ἵππουςδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleκαλλίστουςfinestκαλός · accusative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἴδονἴδονI sawεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordμεγίστουςlargestμέγας · accusative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 437
whiter than snow, and in running like the winds.
Metre
λευκότεροιχιόνος‖θείεινἀνέμοισινὁμοῖοι
λευκότεροιwhiterλευκός · nominative plural masculine comparative adjectivepredicate nounχιόνοςthan snowχιών · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies λευκότεροιθείεινin runningθέω · present active infinitivemodifies ὁμοῖοιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀνέμοισινto windsἄνεμος · dative plural masculine nounmodifies ὁμοῖοιὁμοῖοιequalὅμοιος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 438
His chariot is well wrought in gold and silver,
Metre
ἅρμαδέοἱχρυσῷ‖τεκαὶἀργύρῳεὖἤσκηται
ἅρμαchariotἅρμα · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἤσκηταιδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhisὁ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἅρμαχρυσῷwith goldχρυσός · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀργύρῳsilverἄργυρος · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶεὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to ἤσκηταιἤσκηταιis wroughtἀσκέω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 439
and he came bearing enormous golden armor, a wonder to behold;
Metre
τεύχεαδὲχρύσεια‖πελώριαθαῦμαἰδέσθαι
τεύχεαarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobjectδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχρύσειαgoldenχρύσεος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχεαπελώριαhugeπελώριος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχεαθαῦμαa wonderθαῦμα · accusative singular neuter nounobjectἰδέσθαιto beholdεἶδον · aorist middle infinitivemodifies θαῦμα - 440
these do not seem fit for mortal
Metre
ἤλυθἔχωντὰμὲνοὔ‖τικαταθνητοῖσινἔοικεν
ἤλυθhe cameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔχωνholdingἔχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἤλυθ̓τὰtheseὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of φορέεινμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to ἔοικενκαταθνητοῖσινmortalκαταθνητός · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἄνδρεσσινἔοικενseems fittingἔοικα · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 441
men to wear, but for immortal gods.
Metre
ἄνδρεσσινφορέειν‖ἀλλἀθανάτοισιθεοῖσιν
ἄνδρεσσινfor menἀνήρ · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἔοικενφορέεινto wearφορέω · present active infinitivesubject of ἔοικενἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀθανάτοισιimmortalἀθάνατος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοῖσινθεοῖσινfor godsθεός · dative plural masculine nounobject - 442
But now take me near the swift-faring ships,
Metre
ἀλλἐμὲμὲννῦννηυσὶ‖πελάσσετονὠκυπόροισιν
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἐμὲmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of πελάσσετονμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to πελάσσετοννηυσὶto shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of πελάσσετονπελάσσετονbring nearπελάζω · aorist active imperative, 2nd dual verbmain verbA second-person dual imperative addressed to the two captors.
ὠκυπόροισινswift-faringὠκύπορος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶ - 443
or bind me with a pitiless bond and leave me here,
Metre
ἠέμεδήσαντες‖λίπεταὐτόθινηλέϊδεσμῷ
ἠέorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of λίπετ̓δήσαντεςhaving boundδέω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to λίπετ̓λίπετleaveλείπω · aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbαὐτόθιhereαὐτόθι · adverbobject of λίπετ̓νηλέϊpitilessνηλής · dative singular adjectivemodifies δεσμῷδεσμῷwith a bondδεσμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to δήσαντες - 444
until you two return and put me to the proof,
Metre
ὄφράκενἔλθητον‖καὶπειρηθῆτονἐμεῖο
ὄφράuntilὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκενwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἔλθητονyou two returnἔρχομαι · aorist active subjunctive, 2nd dual verbadverbial to καὶSecond-person dual: “until you two return.”
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπειρηθῆτονput to proofπειράω · aorist passive subjunctive, 2nd dual verbadverbial to καὶSecond-person dual, matching the two men addressed.
ἐμεῖοmeἐγώ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of πειρηθῆτον - 445
whether I spoke among you in due measure or not."
Metre
ἠὲκαταἶσανἔειπον‖ἐνὑμῖνἦεκαὶοὐκί
ἠὲwhetherἠέ · conjunctionsentence particleκατinκατά · prepositionprepositionαἶσανdue measureαἶσα · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to κατ̓ἔειπονI spokeεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbobject of ἦεἐνamongἐν · prepositionprepositionὑμῖνyouσύ · dative plural pronounobject of ἐνἦεorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleοὐκίnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particle - 446
Then, glaring at him from under his brows, mighty Diomedes spoke:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὑπόδραfrom under browsὑπόδρα · adverbadverbial to ἰδὼνἰδὼνseeingεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηsaidπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκρατερὸςmightyκρατερός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιομήδηςΔιομήδηςDiomedesΔιομήδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 447
"Do not, Dolon, lodge hope of escape within your heart,
Metre
μὴδήμοιφύξίν‖γεΔόλωνἐμβάλλεοθυμῷ
μὴnotμή · particleemphasizing particleδήindeedδή · particlesentence particleμοιfor meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἐμβάλλεοφύξίνescapeφύξις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐμβάλλεογεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleΔόλωνDolonΔόλων · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἐμβάλλεοlodgeἐμβάλλω · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbθυμῷin your heartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐμβάλλεο - 448
though you have brought good tidings, since you have come into our hands.
Metre
ἐσθλάπερἀγγείλας‖ἐπεὶἵκεοχεῖραςἐςἁμάς
ἐσθλάgood tidingsἐσθλός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἀγγείλαςπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἀγγείλαςhaving reportedἀγγέλλω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculinepredicate nounἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἵκεοyou cameἱκνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶχεῖραςhandsχείρ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐςἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἁμάςourἁμός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies χεῖρας - 449
For if we now release you or let you go,
Metre
εἰμὲνγάρκέσενῦν‖ἀπολύσομενἠὲμεθῶμεν
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleκέwe shouldἄν · particlesentence particleσεyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of ἠὲνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἠὲἀπολύσομενreleaseἀπολύω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to ἠὲἠὲorἠέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordμεθῶμενlet goμεθίημι · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to ἠὲ - 450
surely later you will come again to the swift ships of the Achaeans,
Metre
ἦτεκαὶὕστερονεἶσθα‖θοὰςἐπὶνῆαςἈχαιῶν
ἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleὕστερονhereafterὕστερος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to εἶσθαεἶσθαyou will comeεἶμι · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbθοὰςswiftθοός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςἐπὶtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπὶἈχαιῶνof AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies νῆας - 451
either to spy or to fight us face to face;
Metre
ἠὲδιοπτεύσων‖ἢἐναντίβιονπολεμίξων
ἠὲeitherἠέ · conjunctionsentence particleδιοπτεύσωνto spyδιοπτεύω · future active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἢἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐναντίβιονface to faceἐναντίβιος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to πολεμίξωνπολεμίξωνto fightπολεμίζω · future active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἢ - 452
but if, subdued beneath my hands, you lose your life,
Metre
εἰδέἐμῇςὑπὸχερσὶ‖δαμεὶςἀπὸθυμὸνὀλέσσῃς
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδέbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordκshouldἄν · particlesentence particleἐμῇςmyἐμός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies χερσὶὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionχερσὶhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of ὑπὸδαμεὶςsubduedδαμάζω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὀλέσσῃςἀπὸawayἀπό · prepositionemphasizing particleθυμὸνlifeθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὀλέσσῃςὀλέσσῃςyou loseὄλλυμι · aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to εἰ - 453
never again will you be a source of harm to the Argives."
Metre
οὐκέτἔπειτασὺπῆμά‖ποτἔσσεαιἈργείοισιν
οὐκέτno longerοὐκέτι · adverbadverbial to ἔσσεαιἔπειταafterwardἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἔσσεαισὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of ἔσσεαιπῆμάa baneπῆμα · nominative singular neuter nounpredicate nounποτeverποτέ · particleadverbial to ἔσσεαιἔσσεαιwill beεἰμί · future middle indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἈργείοισινto the ArgivesἈργεῖος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἔσσεαι - 454
He spoke; and Dolon was about to touch Diomedes' chin with his strong hand
Metre
ἦκαὶὃμένμινἔμελλε‖γενείουχειρὶπαχείῃ
ἦhe spokeἠμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔμελλεμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of λίσσεσθαιἔμελλεwas aboutμέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγενείουchinγένειον · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἁψάμενοςχειρὶwith his handχείρ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἁψάμενοςπαχείῃstrongπαχύς · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χειρὶ - 455
and clasp it in supplication, but Diomedes sprang and struck the middle of his neck
Metre
ἁψάμενοςλίσσεσθαι‖ὃαὐχέναμέσσονἔλασσε
ἁψάμενοςtaking holdἅπτω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to λίσσεσθαιλίσσεσθαιto supplicateλίσσομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἔμελλεὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔλασσεδbutδέ · particlesentence particleαὐχέναneckαὐχήν · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔλασσεμέσσονin the middleμέσος · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔλασσεstruckἐλαύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 456
with his sword, and cut through both sinews;
Metre
φασγάνῳἀΐξας‖ἀπὸἄμφωκέρσετένοντε
φασγάνῳwith his swordφάσγανον · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἀΐξαςἀΐξαςspringing forwardἀίσσω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔλασσεἀπὸthroughἀπό · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄμφωbothἄμφω · accusative dual masculine adjectivemodifies τένοντεκέρσεhe severedκείρω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτένοντεsinewsτένων · accusative dual masculine nounobject of κέρσε - 457
while Dolon was still speaking, his head mingled with the dust.
Metre
φθεγγομένουἄρατοῦ‖γεκάρηκονίῃσινἐμίχθη
φθεγγομένουwhile he spokeφθέγγομαι · present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculinecircumstantial complementδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτοῦhisὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies κάρηγεstillγε · particleemphasizing particleκάρηheadκάρα · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἐμίχθηκονίῃσινwith the dustκονία · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐμίχθηἐμίχθηwas mingledμίγνυμι · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 458
From his head they took the ferret-skin cap,
Metre
τοῦἀπὸμὲνκτιδέην‖κυνέηνκεφαλῆφινἕλοντο
τοῦfrom himὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of ἀπὸδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπὸoffἀπό · prepositionprepositionμὲνfirstμέν · particlesentence particleκτιδέηνferret-skinκτίδεος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κυνέηνκυνέηνcapκυνέη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶκεφαλῆφινfrom his headκεφαλή · genitive feminine nounobject of ἕλοντοAn epic case form marks the point from which the cap was removed.
ἕλοντοthey tookαἱρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 459
and the wolf skin and recurved bow and long spear;
Metre
καὶλυκέηνκαὶτόξα‖παλίντονακαὶδόρυμακρόν
καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleλυκέηνwolf skinλυκέη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleτόξαbowτόξον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶπαλίντοναrecurvedπαλίντονος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τόξακαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordδόρυspearδόρυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶμακρόνlongμακρός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δόρυ - 460
and godlike Odysseus dedicated them to Athena of the Spoils,
καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleτάtheseὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of ἀνέσχεθεγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἈθηναίῃto AthenaἈθήνη · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἀνέσχεθεληΐτιδιmistress of spoilsληῖτις · dative singular feminine nounmodifies Ἀθηναίῃδῖοςgodlikeδῖος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσσεὺςὈδυσσεὺςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 461
raised them high in his hand, and spoke a word in prayer:
ὑψόσaloftὑψόσε · adverbobject of ἀνέσχεθεἀνέσχεθεraisedἀνέχω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχειρὶin his handχείρ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀνέσχεθεκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordεὐχόμενοςprayingεὔχομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ηὔδαἔποςa wordἔπος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ηὔδαηὔδαhe spokeαὐδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 462
"Rejoice, goddess, in these; for to you first on Olympus
Metre
χαῖρεθεὰτοῖσδεσσι‖σὲγὰρπρώτηνἐνὈλύμπῳ
χαῖρεrejoiceχαίρω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbθεὰgoddessθεά · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided headτοῖσδεσσιin theseὅδε · dative plural masculine pronounobject of χαῖρεσὲto youσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of ἐπιδωσόμεθ̓γὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleπρώτηνfirstπρῶτος · accusative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐνonἐν · prepositionprepositionὈλύμπῳOlympusὌλυμπος · dative singular masculine nounmodifies ἐν - 463
of all immortals will we turn; but now once more
Metre
πάντωνἀθανάτων‖ἐπιδωσόμεθἀλλὰκαὶαὖτις
πάντωνof allπᾶς · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀθανάτωνἀθανάτωνimmortalsἀθάνατος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies πρώτηνἐπιδωσόμεθwe shall turnἐπιδίδωμι · future middle indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleαὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbadverbial to πέμψον - 464
send us toward the horses and sleeping places of the Thracian men."
Metre
πέμψονἐπὶΘρῃκῶν‖ἀνδρῶνἵππουςτεκαὶεὐνάς
πέμψονsendπέμπω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἐπὶtowardἐπί · prepositionprepositionΘρῃκῶνThracianΘρᾷξ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἀνδρῶνἀνδρῶνmen'sἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καὶἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶτεbothτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordεὐνάςsleeping placesεὐνή · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶ - 465
So he spoke, and lifting them high away from himself,
ὣςthusὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐφώνησενἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἐφώνησενhe spokeφωνέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀπὸaway fromἀπό · prepositionprepositionἕθενhimselfἕ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of ἀπὸὑψόσaloftὑψόσε · adverbadverbial to ἀείραςἀείραςlifting themἀείρω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to θῆκεν - 466
set them upon a tamarisk; and beside it he made a visible marker,
θῆκενhe placed themτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀνὰuponἀνά · prepositionprepositionμυρίκηνa tamariskμυρίκη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀνὰδέελονvisibleδῆλος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies σῆμάδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπὶbeside itἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleσῆμάa markerσῆμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔθηκετalsoτε · particlesentence particleἔθηκεhe madeτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 467
grasping reeds together and the tamarisk's flourishing boughs,
Metre
συμμάρψαςδόνακας‖μυρίκηςἐριθηλέαςὄζους
συμμάρψαςgrasping togetherσυμμάρπτω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔθηκεδόνακαςreedsδόναξ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of τ̓μυρίκηςof the tamariskμυρίκη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ὄζουςτandτε · particlecoordinating wordἐριθηλέαςluxuriantἐριθηλής · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ὄζουςὄζουςbranchesὄζος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of τ̓ - 468
lest the two miss it as they returned again through the swift black night.
Metre
μὴλάθοιαὖτιςἰόντε‖θοὴνδιὰνύκταμέλαιναν
μὴlestμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionλάθοιit escape noticeλανθάνω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to μὴαὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbadverbial to ἰόντεἰόντεas they returnedεἶμι · present active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to λάθοιθοὴνswiftθοός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νύκταδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionνύκταnightνύξ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of διὰμέλαινανblackμέλας · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νύκτα - 469
The two went onward through the weapons and black blood,
Metre
τὼδὲβάτηνπροτέρω‖διάἔντεακαὶμέλαναἷμα
τὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of δ̓δὲandδέ · particlesentence particleβάτηνwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbπροτέρωfarther forwardπροτέρω · adverbobject of βάτηνδιάthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionτbothτε · particlesentence particleἔντεαweaponsἔντεα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμέλανblackμέλας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies αἷμααἷμαbloodαἷμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶ - 470
and soon, as they went, they reached the company of Thracian men.
Metre
αἶψαἐπὶΘρῃκῶν‖ἀνδρῶντέλοςἷξονἰόντες
αἶψαquicklyαἶψα · adverbadverbial to ἷξονδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionΘρῃκῶνThracianΘρᾷξ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἀνδρῶνἀνδρῶνmen'sἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τέλοςτέλοςcompanyτέλος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐπὶἷξονthey cameἵκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἰόντεςas they wentεἶμι · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἷξον - 471
They slept, worn down by toil, and beside them their fine armor
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of εὗδονδandδέ · particlesentence particleεὗδονwere sleepingεὕδω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκαμάτῳby toilκάματος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἀδηκότεςἀδηκότεςworn downἀδέω · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to εὗδονἔντεαarmorἔντεα · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of κέκλιτοδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσφινfor themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounmodifies ἔντεα - 472
lay on the ground close at hand, all set in good order
Metre
καλὰπαραὐτοῖσι‖χθονὶκέκλιτοεὖκατὰκόσμον
καλὰfineκαλός · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔντεαπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionαὐτοῖσιthemαὐτός · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to παῤχθονὶon the groundχθών · dative singular feminine nounobject of κέκλιτοκέκλιτοlayκλίνω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbεὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to κέκλιτοκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionκόσμονorderκόσμος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to κατὰ - 473
in three rows; and beside each man stood his pair of harnessed horses.
Metre
τριστοιχίπαρὰδέ‖σφινἑκάστῳδίζυγεςἵπποι
τριστοιχίin three rowsτριστοιχί · adverbadverbial to κέκλιτοπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσφινthemσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to παρὰἑκάστῳeachἕκαστος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies σφινδίζυγεςtwo-horse teamsδίζυξ · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵπποιἵπποιhorsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject - 474
Rhesus slept in the midst, and beside him his swift horses
ῬῆσοςRhesusῬῆσος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εὗδεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionμέσῳthe middleμέσος · dative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐνεὗδεsleptεὕδω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionαὐτῷhimαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to παῤδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὠκέεςswiftὠκύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵπποιἵπποιhorsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of δέδεντο - 475
were tethered by straps to the rearmost rail of the chariot.
Metre
ἐξἐπιδιφριάδος‖πυμάτηςἱμᾶσιδέδεντο
ἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionἐπιδιφριάδοςthe chariot railἐπιδιφριάς · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐξπυμάτηςrearmostπύματος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἐπιδιφριάδοςἱμᾶσιwith strapsἱμάς · dative plural masculine nounobject of δέδεντοδέδεντοwere tetheredδέω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 476
Odysseus saw him first and pointed him out to Diomedes:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of δεῖξενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὈδυσεὺςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δεῖξενπροπάροιθενaheadπροπάροιθεν · adverbadverbial to ἰδὼνἰδὼνhaving seenεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δεῖξενΔιομήδεϊto DiomedesΔιομήδης · dative singular masculine nounobject of δεῖξενδεῖξενpointed outδείκνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 477
"There is the man, Diomedes, and there are the horses
Metre
οὗτόςτοιΔιόμηδες‖ἀνήροὗτοιδέτοιἵπποι
οὗτόςhere isοὗτος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounτοιfor youτοι · particlesentence particleΔιόμηδεςDiomedesΔιομήδης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἀνήρthe manἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectοὗτοιhere areοὗτος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτοιfor youτοι · particlesentence particleἵπποιthe horsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject - 478
that Dolon, whom we killed, revealed to us.
Metre
οὓςνῶϊνπίφαυσκε‖Δόλωνὃνἐπέφνομενἡμεῖς
οὓςwhichὅς · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of πίφαυσκενῶϊνto us twoἐγώ · dative dual masculine pronounobject of πίφαυσκεπίφαυσκεwas revealingπιφαύσκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἵπποιΔόλωνDolonΔόλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πίφαυσκεὃνwhomὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπέφνομενἐπέφνομενwe killedθείνω · aorist active indicative, 1st plural verbverb of a clause describing Δόλωνἡμεῖςweἐγώ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐπέφνομεν - 479
Come now, bring forth your mighty strength; you must not
Metre
ἀλλἄγεδὴπρόφερε‖κρατερὸνμένοςοὐδέτίσεχρὴ
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἄγεcomeἄγε · adverbsentence particleδὴnowδή · particlesentence particleπρόφερεbring forthπροφέρω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbκρατερὸνmightyκρατερός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies μένοςμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of πρόφερετίwhyτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to χρὴσεyouσύ · accusative singular pronounsubject of ἑστάμεναιχρὴmustχρή · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 480
stand here uselessly with your weapons. Come, loose the horses,
Metre
ἑστάμεναιμέλεον‖σὺντεύχεσινἀλλὰλύἵππους
ἑστάμεναιto standἵστημι · perfect active infinitiveobject of χρὴμέλεονuselesslyμέλεος · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementσὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionτεύχεσινweaponsτεῦχος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to σὺνἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordλύlooseλύω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἵππουςthe horsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of λύ̓ - 481
or else kill the men, and the horses will be my care."
Metre
ἠὲσύἄνδραςἔναιρε‖μελήσουσινἐμοὶἵπποι
ἠὲorἠέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordσύyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of ἔναιρεγat leastγε · particleemphasizing particleἄνδραςthe menἀνήρ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἔναιρεἔναιρεkillἐναίρω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbμελήσουσινwill be a careμέλω · future active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐμοὶto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of μελήσουσινἵπποιthe horsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of μελήσουσιν - 482
So he spoke, and bright-eyed Athena breathed strength into Diomedes,
Metre
ὣςφάτοτῷἔμπνευσε‖μένοςγλαυκῶπιςἈθήνη
ὣςthusὡς · adverbadverbial to φάτοφάτοhe spokeφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτῷinto himὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔμπνευσεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἔμπνευσεbreathedἐμπνέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔμπνευσεγλαυκῶπιςbright-eyedγλαυκῶπις · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἈθήνηἈθήνηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔμπνευσε - 483
and he killed from side to side; a hideous groaning rose from them
Metre
κτεῖνεἐπιστροφάδην‖τῶνδὲστόνοςὄρνυτἀεικὴς
κτεῖνεhe killedκτείνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπιστροφάδηνturning every wayἐπιστροφάδην · adverbadverbial to κτεῖνετῶνfrom themὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies στόνοςδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleστόνοςgroaningστόνος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὄρνυτ̓ὄρνυτaroseὄρνυμι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀεικὴςhideousἀεικής · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies στόνος - 484
as they were struck with the sword, and the earth reddened with blood.
Metre
ἄοριθεινομένων‖ἐρυθαίνετοαἵματιγαῖα
ἄοριby the swordἄορ · dative singular neuter nounobject of θεινομένωνθεινομένωνas they were struckθείνω · present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculinecircumstantial complementἐρυθαίνετοwas reddenedἐρυθαίνομαι · imperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαἵματιwith bloodαἷμα · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἐρυθαίνετογαῖαthe earthγαῖα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐρυθαίνετο - 485
As when a lion comes upon an unguarded flock
Metre
ὡςδὲλέωνμήλοισιν‖ἀσημάντοισινἐπελθὼν
ὡςasὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐνορούσῃδὲwhenδέ · particlecoordinating wordλέωνa lionλέων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐνορούσῃμήλοισινupon a flockμῆλον · dative plural neuter nounobjectἀσημάντοισινunguardedἀσήμαντος · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies μήλοισινἐπελθὼνcoming uponἐπέρχομαι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐνορούσῃ - 486
of goats or sheep and leaps among them, bent on harm,
Metre
αἴγεσινἢὀΐεσσι‖κακὰφρονέωνἐνορούσῃ
αἴγεσινof goatsαἴξ · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἢἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordὀΐεσσιof sheepὄις · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἢκακὰevilκακός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of φρονέωνφρονέωνintendingφρονέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐνορούσῃἐνορούσῃleaps among themἐνορούω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπῴχετο - 487
so the son of Tydeus ranged among the Thracian men
Metre
ὣςμὲνΘρήϊκαςἄνδρας‖ἐπῴχετοΤυδέοςυἱὸς
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐπῴχετομὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleΘρήϊκαςThracianΘρᾷξ · accusative plural masculine nounmodifies ἄνδραςἄνδραςmenἀνήρ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐπῴχετοἐπῴχετοhe ranged amongἐποίχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΤυδέοςof TydeusΤυδεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸςυἱὸςthe sonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐπῴχετο - 488
until he had killed twelve; but Odysseus of many wiles,
Metre
ὄφραδυώδεκἔπεφνεν‖ἀτὰρπολύμητιςὈδυσσεὺς
ὄφραuntilὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδυώδεκtwelveδυώδεκα · numeralobject of ἔπεφνενἔπεφνενhe had slainθείνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὄφραἀτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleπολύμητιςresourcefulπολύμητις · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσσεὺςὈδυσσεὺςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 489
whenever the son of Tydeus stood near and struck a man with his sword,
Metre
ὅντιναΤυδεΐδης‖ἄοριπλήξειεπαραστὰς
ὅνwhomeverὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of πλήξειετιναanyτις · accusative singular masculine pronounmodifies ὅνΤυδεΐδηςthe son of TydeusΤυδείδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πλήξειεἄοριwith his swordἄορ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to πλήξειεπλήξειεwould strikeπλήσσω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τὸνπαραστὰςstanding beside himπαρίστημι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to πλήξειε - 490
would seize him from behind by the foot and drag him clear,
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐξερύσασκεδthenδέ · particleemphasizing particleὈδυσεὺςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectμετόπισθεfrom behindμετόπισθε · adverbadverbial to λαβὼνλαβὼνgraspingλαμβάνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐξερύσασκεποδὸςby the footπούς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of λαβὼνἐξερύσασκεwould drag clearἐξερύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 491
planning in his heart how the lovely-maned horses
Metre
τὰφρονέωνκατὰθυμὸν‖ὅπωςκαλλίτριχεςἵπποι
τὰthese thingsὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounobjectφρονέωνconsideringφρονέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐξερύσασκεκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionθυμὸνhis heartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to κατὰὅπωςhowὅπως · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκαλλίτριχεςlovely-manedκαλλίθριξ · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵπποιἵπποιhorsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of διέλθοιεν - 492
might pass through easily and not tremble in their hearts
Metre
ῥεῖαδιέλθοιεν‖μηδὲτρομεοίατοθυμῷ
ῥεῖαeasilyῥεῖα · adverbadverbial to διέλθοιενδιέλθοιενmight pass throughδιέρχομαι · aorist active optative, 3rd plural verbobject of δὲτρομεοίατοmight trembleτρομέω · present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verbobject of δὲθυμῷin spiritθυμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to τρομεοίατο - 493
as they stepped over corpses, for they were not yet used to them.
Metre
νεκροῖςἀμβαίνοντες‖ἀήθεσσονγὰρἔταὐτῶν
νεκροῖςover corpsesνεκρός · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀμβαίνοντεςἀμβαίνοντεςsteppingἀναβαίνω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to τρομεοίατοἀήθεσσονthey were unaccustomedἀηθέσσω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἔτstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to ἀήθεσσοναὐτῶνto themαὐτός · genitive plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἀήθεσσον - 494
But when the son of Tydeus reached the king,
Metre
ἀλλὅτεδὴβασιλῆα‖κιχήσατοΤυδέοςυἱός
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴat lastδή · particlesentence particleβασιλῆαthe kingβασιλεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κιχήσατοκιχήσατοreachedκιχάνω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτεΤυδέοςof TydeusΤυδεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱόςυἱόςthe sonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κιχήσατο - 495
he took the honey-sweet life from him, the thirteenth,
Metre
τὸντρισκαιδέκατον‖μελιηδέαθυμὸνἀπηύρα
τὸνfrom himὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀπηύρατρισκαιδέκατονthe thirteenthτρισκαιδέκατος · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementμελιηδέαhoney-sweetμελιηδής · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμὸνθυμὸνlifeθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀπηύραἀπηύραhe took awayἀπαυράω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 496
as he breathed hard; for an evil dream stood above his head
Metre
ἀσθμαίνοντακακὸν‖γὰρὄναρκεφαλῆφινἐπέστη
ἀσθμαίνονταas he pantedἀσθμαίνω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementκακὸνevilκακός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ὄναργὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleὄναρa dreamὄναρ · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectκεφαλῆφινover his headκεφαλή · genitive feminine nounobject of ἐπέστηAn epic case form expresses position above his head.
ἐπέστηhad taken positionἐφίστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 497
that night—the grandson of Oeneus—through Athena's counsel.
Metre
τὴννύκτΟἰνεΐδαο‖πάϊςδιὰμῆτινἈθήνης
τὴνthatὁ · accusative singular feminine articlemodifies νύκτ̓νύκτnightνύξ · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐπέστηΟἰνεΐδαοof OeneusΟἰνείδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πάϊςπάϊςgrandsonπαῖς · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionμῆτινthe counselμῆτις · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to διὰἈθήνηςof AthenaἈθήνη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies μῆτιν - 498
Meanwhile enduring Odysseus was loosing the single-hoofed horses,
Metre
τόφραἄρὃτλήμων‖Ὀδυσεὺςλύεμώνυχαςἵππους
τόφραmeanwhileτόφρα · adverbadverbial to λύεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὃtheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies Ὀδυσεὺςτλήμωνsteadfastτλήμων · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσεὺςὈδυσεὺςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓λύεwas loosingλύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμώνυχαςsingle-hoofedμω~νυξ · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of λύε - 499
bound them together with their straps, and drove them from the throng,
Metre
σὺνἤειρενἱμᾶσι‖καὶἐξήλαυνενὁμίλου
σὺνtogetherσύν · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἤειρενhe bound themἀείρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἱμᾶσιwith their strapsἱμάς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἤειρενκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐξήλαυνενdrove them outἐξελαύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὁμίλουfrom the throngὅμιλος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐξήλαυνεν - 500
striking them with his bow, since he had not thought to take
Metre
τόξῳἐπιπλήσσων‖ἐπεὶοὐμάστιγαφαεινὴν
τόξῳwith his bowτόξον · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐπιπλήσσωνἐπιπλήσσωνstriking themἐπιπλήσσω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐξήλαυνενἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμάστιγαthe whipμάστιξ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἑλέσθαιφαεινὴνshiningφαεινός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μάστιγα - 501
the shining whip in his hands from the richly worked chariot.
Metre
ποικίλουἐκδίφροιο‖νοήσατοχερσὶνἑλέσθαι
ποικίλουrichly workedποικίλος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies δίφροιοἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionδίφροιοthe chariotδίφρος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκνοήσατοhe had thoughtνοέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶχερσὶνin his handsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἑλέσθαιἑλέσθαιto takeαἱρέω · aorist middle infinitiveobject of νοήσατο - 502
Then he whistled, making the signal known to godlike Diomedes.
ῥοίζησενhe whistledῥοιζέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleπιφαύσκωνsignalingπιφαύσκω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ῥοίζησενΔιομήδεϊto DiomedesΔιομήδης · dative singular masculine nounobject of πιφαύσκωνδίῳgodlikeδῖος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Διομήδεϊ - 503
But Diomedes stayed and pondered what boldest deed he should do:
Metre
αὐτὰρὃμερμήριζε‖μένωνὅτικύντατονἕρδοι
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of μερμήριζεμερμήριζεponderedμερμηρίζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμένωνstaying thereμένω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μερμήριζεὅwhatὅς · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of ἕρδοιτιthingτις · accusative singular neuter pronounmodifies ὅκύντατονboldestκύντερος · accusative singular neuter adjectivecircumstantial complementἕρδοιhe should doἔρδω · present active optative, 3rd singular verbobject of , - 504
whether to take the chariot where the richly wrought armor lay
Metre
ἢὅγεδίφρονἑλών‖ὅθιποικίλατεύχεἔκειτο
ἢwhetherἤ · conjunctionsentence particleὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἦγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleδίφρονthe chariotδίφρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἑλώνἑλώνtakingαἱρέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἢὅθιwhereὅθι · adverbadverbial to ἔκειτοποικίλαrichly workedποικίλος · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχἐτεύχεarmorτεῦχος · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of ἔκειτοἔκειτοlayκεῖμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δίφρον - 505
and drag it out by the pole, or lift the armor high and carry it,
Metre
ῥυμοῦἐξερύοι‖ἢἐκφέροιὑψόσἀείρας
ῥυμοῦby the poleῥυμός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐξερύοιἐξερύοιhe should drag outἐξερύω · present active optative, 3rd singular verbobject of ἢἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐκφέροιcarry outἐκφέρω · present active optative, 3rd singular verbobject of ἢὑψόσaloftὑψόσε · adverbadverbial to ἀείραςἀείραςlifting the armorἀείρω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐκφέροι - 506
or else take the lives of still more Thracians.
Metre
ἦἔτιτῶνπλεόνων‖Θρῃκῶνἀπὸθυμὸνἕλοιτο
ἦorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἔτιstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to ἕλοιτοτῶνof theὁ · genitive plural masculine articlemodifies Θρῃκῶνπλεόνωνmore numerousπλείων · genitive plural comparative adjectivemodifies ΘρῃκῶνΘρῃκῶνThraciansΘρᾷξ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies θυμὸνἀπὸawayἀπό · prepositionemphasizing particleθυμὸνlifeθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἕλοιτοἕλοιτοhe should takeαἱρέω · aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verbobject of ἦ - 507
While he weighed these things within his mind, Athena
Metre
εἷοςὃταῦθὥρμαινε‖κατὰφρένατόφραἈθήνη
εἷοςwhileεἷος · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ὥρμαινεταῦθthese thingsοὗτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ὥρμαινεὥρμαινεwas ponderingὁρμαίνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἷοςκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionφρέναhis mindφρήν · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to κατὰτόφραmeanwhileτόφρα · adverbadverbial to προσέφηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἈθήνηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of προσέφη - 508
stood close beside him and addressed godlike Diomedes:
Metre
ἐγγύθενἱσταμένη‖προσέφηΔιομήδεαδῖον
ἐγγύθενclose beside himἐγγύθεν · adverbadverbial to ἱσταμένηἱσταμένηstandingἵστημι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηaddressedπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΔιομήδεαDiomedesΔιομήδης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προσέφηδῖονgodlikeδῖος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Διομήδεα - 509
"Now remember your homeward return, high-hearted son of Tydeus,
Metre
νόστουδὴμνῆσαι‖μεγαθύμουΤυδέοςυἱὲ
νόστουhomecomingνόστος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of μνῆσαιδὴnowδή · particlesentence particleμνῆσαιrememberμιμνήσκω · aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbμεγαθύμουhigh-heartedμεγάθυμος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΤυδέοςΤυδέοςof TydeusΤυδεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὲυἱὲsonυἱός · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided head - 510
back to the hollow ships, lest you come there driven in flight,
Metre
νῆαςἔπιγλαφυράς‖μὴκαὶπεφοβημένοςἔλθῃς
νῆαςthe shipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounmodifies ἔπιἔπιback toἐπί · prepositionprepositionγλαφυράςhollowγλαφυρός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςμὴlestμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκαὶevenκαί · adverbsentence particleπεφοβημένοςdriven in flightφοβέω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔλθῃςἔλθῃςyou comeἔρχομαι · aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to μὴ - 511
if some other god should rouse the Trojans."
Metre
μήπούτιςκαὶΤρῶας‖ἐγείρῃσινθεὸςἄλλος
μήlestμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπούperhapsπού · adverbsentence particleτιςsomeτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies θεὸςκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleΤρῶαςthe TrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐγείρῃσινἐγείρῃσινshould rouseἐγείρω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to μήθεὸςa godθεός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐγείρῃσινἄλλοςotherἄλλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θεὸς - 512
So she spoke, and he understood the voice of the goddess speaking,
Metre
ὣςφάθὃδὲξυνέηκε‖θεᾶςὄπαφωνησάσης
ὣςthusὡς · adverbadverbial to φάθ̓φάθshe spokeφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ξυνέηκεδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleξυνέηκεrecognizedσυνίημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθεᾶςof the goddessθεά · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ὄπαὄπαthe voiceὄψ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ξυνέηκεφωνησάσηςas she spokeφωνέω · aorist active participle, genitive singular femininecircumstantial complement - 513
and swiftly mounted the horses; Odysseus struck them
Metre
καρπαλίμωςἵππων‖ἐπεβήσετοκόψεὈδυσσεὺς
καρπαλίμωςswiftlyκαρπάλιμος · adverbadverbial to ἐπεβήσετοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἵππωνthe horsesἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἐπεβήσετοἐπεβήσετοhe mountedἐπιβαίνω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκόψεstruckκόπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὈδυσσεὺςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κόψε - 514
with his bow, and they flew toward the swift ships of the Achaeans.
Metre
τόξῳτοὶἐπέτοντο‖θοὰςἐπὶνῆαςἈχαιῶν
τόξῳwith his bowτόξον · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to κόψετοὶtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐπέτοντοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπέτοντοflewπέτομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbθοὰςswiftθοός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςἐπὶtowardἐπί · prepositionprepositionνῆαςthe shipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπὶἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies νῆας - 515
Nor did Apollo of the silver bow keep blind watch
Metre
οὐδἀλαοσκοπιὴν‖εἶχἀργυρότοξοςἈπόλλων
ἀλαοσκοπιὴνblind watchἀλαοσκοπιά · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἶχ̓εἶχkeptἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀργυρότοξοςsilver-bowedἀργυρότοξος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈπόλλωνἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εἶχ̓ - 516
when he saw Athena following after the son of Tydeus;
Metre
ὡςἴδἈθηναίην‖μετὰΤυδέοςυἱὸνἕπουσαν
ὡςwhenὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἴδhe sawεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὡςἈθηναίηνAthenaἈθήνη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἴδ̓μετὰafterμετά · prepositionprepositionΤυδέοςof TydeusΤυδεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνυἱὸνthe sonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of μετὰἕπουσανfollowingἕπομαι · present active participle, accusative singular femininecircumstantial complement - 517
angered at her, he entered the great throng of Trojans
Metre
τῇκοτέωνΤρώων‖κατεδύσετοπουλὺνὅμιλον
τῇat herὁ · dative singular feminine pronounobject of κοτέωνκοτέωνangeredκοτέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κατεδύσετοΤρώωνof TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies ὅμιλονκατεδύσετοhe enteredκαταδύω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπουλὺνgreatπολύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὅμιλονὅμιλονthe throngὅμιλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κατεδύσετο - 518
and roused Hippocoon, counselor of the Thracians,
Metre
ὦρσενδὲΘρῃκῶν‖βουληφόρονἹπποκόωντα
ὦρσενhe rousedὄρνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΘρῃκῶνof the ThraciansΘρᾷξ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies βουληφόρονβουληφόρονcounselorβουληφόρος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobjectἹπποκόωνταHippocoonἹπποκόων · accusative singular masculine nounobject - 519
the noble cousin of Rhesus; springing up from sleep,
Metre
Ῥήσουἀνεψιὸνἐσθλόν‖ὃἐξὕπνουἀνορούσας
Ῥήσουof RhesusῬῆσος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἀνεψιὸνἀνεψιὸνthe cousinἀνεψιός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἐσθλόνnobleἐσθλός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνεψιὸνὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of τ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionὕπνουsleepὕπνος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐξἀνορούσαςspringing upἀνορούω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to τ̓ - 520
he saw the place empty where the swift horses had stood,
Metre
ὡςἴδεχῶρονἐρῆμον‖ὅθἕστασανὠκέεςἵπποι
ὡςwhenὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἴδεhe sawεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὡςχῶρονthe placeχῶρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τ̓ἐρῆμονemptyἐρῆμος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χῶρονὅθwhereὅθι · adverbadverbial to ἕστασανἕστασανhad stoodἵστημι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing χῶρονὠκέεςswiftὠκύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵπποιἵπποιthe horsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἕστασαν - 521
and the men writhing amid the grievous slaughter;
Metre
ἄνδράςἀσπαίροντας‖ἐνἀργαλέῃσιφονῇσιν
ἄνδράςthe menἀνήρ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of τ̓τandτε · particlecoordinating wordἀσπαίρονταςwrithingἀσπαίρω · present active participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complementἐνamidἐν · prepositionprepositionἀργαλέῃσιgrievousἀργαλέος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies φονῇσινφονῇσινslaughterφονή · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐν - 522
then he groaned aloud and called his dear companion by name.
ᾤμωξένhe groaned aloudοἰμώζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτandτε · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔπειταafterwardἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ᾤμωξένφίλονdearφίλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἑταῖροντandτε · particlecoordinating wordὀνόμηνενcalled by nameὀνομαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἑταῖρονhis companionἑταῖρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὀνόμηνεν - 523
A clamor rose among the Trojans and an unspeakable tumult
Metre
Τρώωνδὲκλαγγή‖τεκαὶἄσπετοςὦρτοκυδοιμὸς
Τρώωνamong the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies καὶδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκλαγγήa clamorκλαγγή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶτεbothτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄσπετοςunspeakableἄσπετος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies κυδοιμὸςὦρτοaroseὄρνυμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκυδοιμὸςtumultκυδοιμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 524
as they rushed together; and they marveled at the dreadful deeds
Metre
θυνόντωνἄμυδις‖θηεῦντοδὲμέρμεραἔργα
θυνόντωνas they rushedθύνω · present active participle, genitive plural masculinecircumstantial complementἄμυδιςtogetherἄμυδις · adverbadverbial to θυνόντωνθηεῦντοthey marveled atθεάομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμέρμεραdreadfulμέρμερος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔργαἔργαdeedsἔργον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of θηεῦντο - 525
the men had done before they went back to the hollow ships.
Metre
ὅσσἄνδρεςῥέξαντες‖ἔβανκοίλαςἐπὶνῆας
ὅσσall thatὅσος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ῥέξαντεςἄνδρεςthe menἀνήρ · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἔβανῥέξαντεςhaving doneῥέζω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἔβανἔβανwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἔργακοίλαςhollowκοῖλος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςἐπὶback toἐπί · prepositionprepositionνῆαςthe shipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπὶ - 526
When they reached the place where they had killed Hector's scout,
Metre
οἳὅτεδήἵκανον‖ὅθισκοπὸνἝκτοροςἔκταν
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἵκανονδandδέ · particlesentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδήat lastδή · particlesentence particleῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἵκανονreachedἱκάνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὅτεὅθιwhereὅθι · adverbadverbial to ἔκτανσκοπὸνthe scoutσκοπός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔκτανἝκτοροςof HectorἝκτωρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies σκοπὸνἔκτανthey had killedκτείνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbobject of ἵκανον - 527
there Odysseus, dear to Zeus, reined in the swift horses,
Metre
ἔνθὈδυσεὺςμὲνἔρυξε‖Διῒφίλοςὠκέαςἵππους
ἔνθthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to δὲὈδυσεὺςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔρυξεμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἔρυξεreined inἐρύκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΔιῒto ZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounmodifies φίλοςφίλοςdearφίλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ὀδυσεὺςὠκέαςswiftὠκύς · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςthe horsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἔρυξε - 528
and the son of Tydeus sprang to the ground and placed the bloody spoils
Metre
Τυδεΐδηςδὲχαμᾶζε‖θορὼνἔναραβροτόεντα
Τυδεΐδηςthe son of TydeusΤυδείδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓δὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχαμᾶζεto the groundχαμᾶζε · adverbobject of θορὼνθορὼνspringingθρῴσκω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to τίθειἔναραthe spoilsἔναρα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of τίθειβροτόενταbloodstainedβροτόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔναρα - 529
in Odysseus' hands, then mounted the horses again;
Metre
ἐνχείρεσσὈδυσῆϊ‖τίθειἐπεβήσετοἵππων
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionχείρεσσthe handsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνὈδυσῆϊof OdysseusὈδυσσεύς · dative singular masculine nounmodifies χείρεσσ̓τίθειwas placingτίθημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπεβήσετοhe mountedἐπιβαίνω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἵππωνthe horsesἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἐπεβήσετο - 530
he lashed them, and the pair flew onward willingly
μάστιξενhe lashedμαστίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἵππουςthe horsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of μάστιξεντὼthe pairὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of πετέσθηνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἀέκοντεunwillingἀέκων · nominative dual masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπετέσθηνflew onwardπέτομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbThe dual verb agrees with the two horses.
- 531
toward the hollow ships, for that way pleased their hearts.
Metre
νῆαςἔπιγλαφυράς‖τῇγὰρφίλονἔπλετοθυμῷ
νῆαςthe shipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἔπιἔπιtowardἐπί · prepositionprepositionγλαφυράςhollowγλαφυρός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςτῇthat wayτῇ · adverbobjectγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleφίλονpleasingφίλος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἔπλετοit wasπέλω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθυμῷto their heartsθυμός · dative singular masculine nounobject of φίλον - 532
Nestor was the first to hear the hoofbeats, and he spoke:
Metre
Νέστωρδὲπρῶτος‖κτύπονἄϊεφώνησέντε
ΝέστωρNestorΝέστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπρῶτοςfirstπρῶτος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementκτύπονthe hoofbeatκτύπος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἄϊεἄϊεheardἀίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφώνησένspokeφωνέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 533
Friends, leaders and rulers of the Argives,
Metre
ὦφίλοιἈργείων‖ἡγήτορεςἠδὲμέδοντες
ὦoὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleφίλοιfriendsφίλος · vocative plural masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headἈργείωνof the ArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἠδὲἡγήτορεςleadersἡγήτωρ · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordμέδοντεςrulersμέδων · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided head - 534
shall I speak falsely, or tell the truth? My heart urges me on.
ψεύσομαιshall i speak falselyψεύδω · future middle indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἦorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἔτυμονthe truthἔτυμος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐρέωἐρέωshall i tellἐρῶ · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbκέλεταιurgesκέλομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubjectθυμόςmy heartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κέλεται - 535
The beat of swift-footed horses is striking all about my ears.
Metre
ἵππωνὠκυπόδων‖ἀμφὶκτύποςοὔαταβάλλει
ἵππωνof horsesἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies κτύποςμmyἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀμφὶὠκυπόδωνswift-footedὠκύπους · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππωνἀμφὶall aroundἀμφί · prepositionemphasizing particleκτύποςthe beatκτύπος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of βάλλειοὔαταearsοὖς · accusative plural neuter nounobject of βάλλειβάλλειstrikesβάλλω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 536
If only Odysseus and mighty Diomedes
Metre
αἲγὰρδὴὈδυσεύς‖τεκαὶὃκρατερὸςΔιομήδης
αἲif onlyαἴ · interjectionsentence particleγὰρindeedγάρ · particlesentence particleδὴnowδή · particlesentence particleὈδυσεύςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶτεbothτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὃtheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies Διομήδηςκρατερὸςmightyκρατερός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιομήδηςΔιομήδηςDiomedesΔιομήδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 537
were driving single-hoofed horses here so soon from the Trojans;
Metre
ὧδἄφαρἐκΤρώων‖ἐλασαίατομώνυχαςἵππους
ὧδhereὧδε · adverbadverbial to ἐλασαίατοἄφαρso soonἄφαρ · adverbadverbial to ἐλασαίατοἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionΤρώωνthe TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounobject of ἐκἐλασαίατοwere drivingἐλαύνω · aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verbmain verbμώνυχαςsingle-hoofedμω~νυξ · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐλασαίατο - 538
but terribly I fear within my heart that they may have suffered—
Metre
ἀλλαἰνῶςδείδοικα‖κατὰφρέναμήτιπάθωσιν
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleαἰνῶςterriblyαἰνός · adverbadverbial to δείδοικαδείδοικαi fearδείδω · perfect active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionφρέναmy heartφρήν · accusative plural neuter nounadverbial to κατὰμήlestμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτιsomethingτις · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of πάθωσινπάθωσινthey have sufferedπάσχω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbobject of μή - 539
the best of the Argives—beneath the Trojans' battle-din."
Ἀργείωνof the ArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἄριστοιοἳtheὁ · nominative plural masculine articlesubject of ἄριστοιἄριστοιbest menἄριστος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of πάθωσινὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies ὀρυμαγδοῦὀρυμαγδοῦbattle-dinὀρυμαγδός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ὑπὸ - 540
He had not yet spoken the whole word when they themselves arrived.
οὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleπωyetπω · particlesentence particleπᾶνthe wholeπᾶς · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔποςεἴρητοhad been spokenἐρῶ · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔποςwordἔπος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of εἴρητοὅτwhenὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἤλυθονthey arrivedἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὅτ̓αὐτοίthemselvesαὐτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 541
The two dismounted to the ground, and the others rejoiced
Metre
καίοἳμὲνκατέβησαν‖ἐπὶχθόνατοὶδὲχαρέντες
καίandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of κατέβησανμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκατέβησανdismountedκαταβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐπὶontoἐπί · prepositionprepositionχθόναthe groundχθών · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπὶτοὶthe othersὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἠσπάζοντοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχαρέντεςrejoicingχαίρω · aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἠσπάζοντο - 542
and welcomed them with the right hand and with gentle words.
Metre
δεξιῇἠσπάζοντο‖ἔπεσσίτεμειλιχίοισι
δεξιῇwith the right handδεξιά · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to τεἠσπάζοντοwelcomed themἀσπάζομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἔπεσσίwith wordsἔπος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordμειλιχίοισιgentleμειλίχιος · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔπεσσί - 543
Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, was first to question them:
πρῶτοςfirstπρῶτος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐξερέεινεquestioned themἐξερεείνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΓερήνιοςGerenianΓερήνιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἱππόταἱππόταhorsemanἱππότης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΝέστωρΝέστωρNestorΝέστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐξερέεινε - 544
"Come, tell me, much-praised Odysseus, great glory of the Achaeans,
Metre
εἴπἄγεὦπολύαιν‖ὈδυσεῦμέγακῦδοςἈχαιῶν
εἴπtellεἶπον · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἄγεcomeἄγε · adverbsentence particleμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of εἴπ̓ὦoὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleπολύαινmuch-praisedπολύαινος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσεῦὈδυσεῦOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headμέγαgreatμέγας · vocative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κῦδοςκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · vocative singular neuter noungoverned by an elided headἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies κῦδος - 545
how did you two take these horses after entering the throng
Metre
ὅππωςτοῦσδἵππους‖λάβετονκαταδύντεςὅμιλον
ὅππωςhowὅπως · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτοῦσδtheseὅδε · accusative plural masculine pronounmodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of λάβετονλάβετονdid you two takeλαμβάνω · aorist active indicative, 2nd dual verbobject of ὅππωςThe verb is second-person dual, directly addressing Odysseus and Diomedes together.
καταδύντεςenteringκαταδύω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to λάβετονὅμιλονthe throngὅμιλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καταδύντες - 546
of Trojans? Or did some god meet you and grant them?
Metre
Τρώωνἦτίςσφωε‖πόρενθεὸςἀντιβολήσας
Τρώωνof TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies ὅμιλονἦorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordτίςsomeτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies θεὸςσφωεyou twoσφεῖς · accusative dual masculine pronounobject of πόρενπόρενgave them toπόρω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθεὸςa godθεός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πόρενἀντιβολήσαςmeeting youἀντιβολέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to πόρεν - 547
They are terribly like the rays of the sun.
Metre
αἰνῶςἀκτίνεσσιν‖ἐοικότεςἠελίοιο
αἰνῶςterriblyαἰνός · adverbadverbialἀκτίνεσσινto the raysἀκτίς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐοικότεςἐοικότεςlikeἔοικα · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculinepredicate nounἠελίοιοof the sunἠέλιος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἀκτίνεσσιν - 548
I am always joining battle with the Trojans, and I do not claim
Metre
αἰεὶμὲνΤρώεσσ‖ἐπιμίσγομαιοὐδέτίφημι
αἰεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἐπιμίσγομαιμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleΤρώεσσwith the TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐπιμίσγομαιἐπιμίσγομαιi join battleἐπιμίσγω · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbτίat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to φημιφημιi claimφημί · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 549
to linger beside the ships, old warrior though I am;
Metre
μιμνάζεινπαρὰνηυσὶ‖γέρωνπερἐὼνπολεμιστής
μιμνάζεινto lingerμιμνάζω · present active infinitiveobject of φημιπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶthe shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of παρὰγέρωνoldγέρων · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies πολεμιστήςπερthoughπέρ · particlesentence particleἐὼνbeingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μιμνάζεινπολεμιστήςa warriorπολεμιστής · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate noun - 550
but never yet have I seen or beheld such horses.
Metre
ἀλλοὔπωτοίους‖ἵππουςἴδονοὐδὲνόησα
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleπωyetπω · particlesentence particleτοίουςsuchτοῖος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of δὲἴδονhave i seenεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbνόησαor beheldνοέω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 551
I think some god must have met you and given them;
Metre
ἀλλάτινὔμμὀΐω‖δόμεναιθεὸνἀντιάσαντα
ἀλλάbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleτινsomeτις · accusative singular masculine pronounmodifies θεὸνὔμμto youσύ · dative plural pronounobject of δόμεναιὀΐωi thinkοἴομαι · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbδόμεναιto have given themδίδωμι · aorist active infinitiveobject of ὀΐωθεὸνa godθεός · accusative singular masculine nounsubject of δόμεναιἀντιάσανταhaving met youἀντιάζω · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculineadverbial to δόμεναι - 552
for Zeus the cloud-gatherer loves you both,
Metre
ἀμφοτέρωγὰρσφῶϊ‖φιλεῖνεφεληγερέταΖεὺς
ἀμφοτέρωbothἀμφότερος · accusative dual masculine adjectivemodifies σφῶϊγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleσφῶϊyou twoσύ · accusative dual pronounobject of φιλεῖφιλεῖlovesφιλέω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνεφεληγερέταcloud-gatheringνεφεληγερέτα · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΖεὺςΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τ̓ - 553
and so does bright-eyed Athena, daughter of aegis-bearing Zeus."
Metre
κούρηαἰγιόχοιο‖ΔιὸςγλαυκῶπιςἈθήνη
κούρηthe daughterκόρη · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectτandτε · particlecoordinating wordαἰγιόχοιοaegis-bearingαἰγίοχος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιὸςΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κούρηγλαυκῶπιςbright-eyedγλαυκῶπις · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἈθήνηἈθήνηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject - 554
Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him and said:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπαμειβόμενοςansweringἀπαμείβομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηaddressedπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπολύμητιςresourcefulπολύμητις · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσσεύςὈδυσσεύςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 555
"Nestor, son of Neleus, great glory of the Achaeans,
Metre
ὦΝέστορΝηληϊάδη‖μέγακῦδοςἈχαιῶν
ὦoὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleΝέστορNestorΝέστωρ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headΝηληϊάδηson of NeleusΝηληιάδης · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies Νέστορμέγαgreatμέγας · vocative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κῦδοςκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · vocative singular neuter noungoverned by an elided headἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies κῦδος - 556
a god, if willing, could easily grant us horses better
ῥεῖαeasilyῥεῖα · adverbadverbial to δωρήσαιτ̓θεόςa godθεός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δωρήσαιτ̓γindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἐθέλωνif willingἐθέλω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δωρήσαιτ̓καὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἀμείνοναςbetterἀμείνων · accusative plural masculine comparative adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἠέthanἤ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπερevenπέρ · particleemphasizing particleοἵδεtheseὅδε · nominative plural masculine pronounmodifies ἵππους - 557
even than these, for the gods are far mightier.
Metre
ἵππουςδωρήσαιτ‖ἐπεὶἢπολὺφέρτεροίεἰσιν
ἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of δωρήσαιτ̓δωρήσαιτcould grantδωρέω · aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἢindeedἤ · interjectionsentence particleπολὺfarπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveemphasizing particleφέρτεροίmightierφέρτατος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounεἰσινthey areεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἐπεὶ - 558
But these horses you ask of, old man, have newly come
Metre
ἵπποιοἵδεγεραιὲ‖νεήλυδεςοὓςἐρεείνεις
ἵπποιthe horsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubjectδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἵδεtheseὅδε · nominative plural masculine pronounmodifies ἵπποιγεραιὲold manγεραιός · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headνεήλυδεςnewly arrivedνέηλυς · nominative plural masculine nounpredicate nounοὓςwhichὅς · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ἐρεείνειςἐρεείνειςyou ask aboutἐρεείνω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἵπποι - 559
from Thrace; and good Diomedes killed their lord,
Metre
Θρηΐκιοιτὸνδέ‖σφινἄνακτἀγαθὸςΔιομήδης
Θρηΐκιοιfrom ThraceΘράκιος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies νεήλυδεςτὸνtheὁ · accusative singular masculine articlemodifies ἄνακτ̓δέandδέ · particlesentence particleσφινfor themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounmodifies ἄνακτ̓ἄνακτlordἄναξ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔκτανεἀγαθὸςgoodἀγαθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιομήδηςΔιομήδηςDiomedesΔιομήδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔκτανε - 560
and beside him all twelve companions, every one among the best.
Metre
ἔκτανεπὰρἑτάρους‖δυοκαίδεκαπάνταςἀρίστους
ἔκτανεkilledκτείνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπὰρbeside himπάρα · adverbadverbialδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἑτάρουςcompanionsἑταῖρος · accusative plural masculine nounobjectδυοκαίδεκαtwelveδυοκαίδεκα · numeralmodifies ἑτάρουςπάνταςallπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀρίστουςἀρίστουςthe bestἄριστος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἑτάρους - 561
We took the thirteenth man, a scout, close beside the ships,
Metre
τὸντρισκαιδέκατον‖σκοπὸνεἵλομενἐγγύθινηῶν
τὸνtheὁ · accusative singular masculine articlemodifies σκοπὸντρισκαιδέκατονthirteenthτρισκαιδέκατος · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementσκοπὸνscoutσκοπός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εἵλομενεἵλομενwe tookαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbἐγγύθιnearἐγγύθι · prepositionprepositionνηῶνthe shipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐγγύθι - 562
whom Hector and the other proud Trojans sent out
Metre
τόνῥαδιοπτῆρα‖στρατοῦἔμμεναιἡμετέροιο
τόνwhomὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προέηκεῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleδιοπτῆραa watcherδιοπτήρ · accusative singular masculine nounpredicate nounστρατοῦof the armyστρατόω · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbverb of a clause describing διοπτῆραἔμμεναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveadverbial to προέηκεἡμετέροιοourἡμέτερος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies στρατοῦ - 563
to be a watcher over our army."
Metre
Ἕκτωρτεπροέηκε‖καὶἄλλοιΤρῶεςἀγαυοί
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶτεbothτε · particlesentence particleπροέηκεsent outπροίημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing σκοπὸνκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄλλοιthe otherἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ΤρῶεςΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶἀγαυοίnobleἀγαυός · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρῶες - 564
So he spoke, and drove the single-hoofed horses across the trench,
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼντάφροιο‖διήλασεμώνυχαςἵππους
ὣςthusὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνhaving spokenεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to διήλασετάφροιοacross the trenchτάφρος · genitive singular feminine nounobject of διήλασεδιήλασεhe droveδιελαύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμώνυχαςsingle-hoofedμω~νυξ · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςthe horsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of διήλασε - 565
laughing aloud; and the other Achaeans went with him rejoicing.
Metre
καγχαλόωνἅμαἄλλοι‖ἴσανχαίροντεςἈχαιοί
καγχαλόωνlaughing aloudκαγχαλάω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to διήλασεἅμαwith himἅμα · adverbadverbial to ἴσανδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄλλοιthe otherἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχαιοίἴσανwentεἶμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbχαίροντεςrejoicingχαίρω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἴσανἈχαιοίAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἴσαν - 566
When they reached the well-built shelter of the son of Tydeus,
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἵκοντοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionΤυδεΐδεωof Tydeus's sonΤυδεΐδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κλισίηνκλισίηνthe shelterκλισία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἵκοντοεὔτυκτονwell-builtεὔτυκτος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κλισίηνἵκοντοreachedἱκνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὅτε - 567
they tethered the horses with well-cut straps
Metre
ἵππουςμὲνκατέδησαν‖ἐϋτμήτοισινἱμᾶσι
ἵππουςthe horsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of κατέδησανμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκατέδησανthey tetheredκαταδέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐϋτμήτοισινwell-cutἐύτμητος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἱμᾶσιἱμᾶσιwith strapsἱμάς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to κατέδησαν - 568
at the horse-manger, where Diomedes' own horses
Metre
φάτνῃἐφἱππείῃ‖ὅθιπερΔιομήδεοςἵπποι
φάτνῃthe mangerφάτνη · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐφ̓ἐφatἐπί · prepositionprepositionἱππείῃfor horsesἵππειος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies φάτνῃὅθιwhereὅθι · adverbadverbial to ἕστασανπερindeedπέρ · particlesentence particleΔιομήδεοςof DiomedesΔιομήδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἵπποιἵπποιhorsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἕστασαν - 569
stood swift-footed, eating honey-sweet grain.
Metre
ἕστασανὠκύποδες‖μελιηδέαπυρὸνἔδοντες
ἕστασανstoodἵστημι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing φάτνῃὠκύποδεςswift-footedὠκύπους · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵπποιμελιηδέαhoney-sweetμελιηδής · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πυρὸνπυρὸνgrainπυρός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔδοντεςἔδοντεςeatingἔδω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἕστασαν - 570
At the stern of his ship Odysseus set Dolon's bloody spoils,
Metre
νηῒἐνὶπρυμνῇ‖ἔναραβροτόενταΔόλωνος
νηῒthe shipναῦς · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐνὶδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνὶatἐν · prepositionprepositionπρυμνῇthe sternπρυμνός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νηῒἔναραthe spoilsἔναρα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of θῆκ̓βροτόενταbloodstainedβροτόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔναραΔόλωνοςof DolonΔόλων · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἔναρα - 571
so that they might prepare a sacred offering for Athena.
Metre
θῆκὈδυσεύςὄφρἱρὸν‖ἑτοιμασσαίατἈθήνῃ
θῆκsetτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὈδυσεύςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of θῆκ̓ὄφρso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἱρὸνa sacred offeringἱρός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveobject of ἑτοιμασσαίατ̓ἑτοιμασσαίατthey might prepareἑτοιμάζω · aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὄφῤἈθήνῃfor AthenaἈθήνη · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἑτοιμασσαίατ̓ - 572
Then they themselves entered the sea and washed away their great sweat
αὐτοὶthey themselvesαὐτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἀπενίζοντοδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἱδρῶsweatἱδρώς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀπενίζοντοπολλὸνgreatπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἱδρῶἀπενίζοντοwere washing awayἀπονίζω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbθαλάσσῃin the seaθάλασσα · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀπενίζοντο - 573
from their shins, their necks, and around their thighs.
ἐσβάντεςhaving enteredεἰσβαίνω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἀπενίζοντοκνήμαςtheir shinsκνήμη · accusative plural feminine nounobject of τετεbothτε · particlesentence particleἰδὲandἰδέ · conjunctionsentence particleλόφονtheir neckλόφος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τεἀμφίaroundἀμφί · prepositionemphasizing particleτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordμηρούςtheir thighsμηρός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of τε - 574
And when the wave of the sea had washed their great sweat
Metre
αὐτὰρἐπείσφινκῦμα‖θαλάσσηςἱδρῶπολλὸν
αὐτὰρandἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐπείwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionσφινfor themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of νίψενκῦμαthe waveκῦμα · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of νίψενθαλάσσηςof the seaθάλασσα · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies κῦμαἱδρῶsweatἱδρώς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of νίψενπολλὸνgreatπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἱδρῶ - 575
from their skin and cooled the hearts within them,
Metre
νίψενἀπὸχρωτὸς‖καὶἀνέψυχθενφίλονἦτορ
νίψενhad washedνίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionχρωτὸςtheir skinχρώς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀπὸκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀνέψυχθενwere cooledἀναψύχω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to καὶφίλονtheir ownφίλος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦτορἦτορheartsἦτορ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἀνέψυχθεν - 576
they entered the polished baths and bathed.
ἔςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἀσαμίνθουςthe bathsἀσάμινθος · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἔςβάντεςhaving enteredβαίνω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to λούσαντοἐϋξέσταςpolishedεὔξεστος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἀσαμίνθουςλούσαντοthey bathedλούω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 577
When the two had bathed and anointed themselves richly with oil,
Metre
τὼδὲλοεσσαμένω‖καὶἀλειψαμένωλίπἐλαίῳ
τὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of δὲδὲthenδέ · particlesentence particleλοεσσαμένωhaving bathedλούω · aorist middle participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to καὶThe participle is dual, referring jointly to Odysseus and Diomedes.
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀλειψαμένωhaving anointed themselvesἀλείφω · aorist middle participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to καὶλίπrichlyλίπα · adverbadverbial to ἀλειψαμένωἐλαίῳwith oilἔλαιον · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἀλειψαμένω - 578
they sat down to the meal, and from the full mixing bowl
Metre
δείπνῳἐφιζανέτην‖ἀπὸδὲκρητῆροςἈθήνῃ
δείπνῳat the mealδεῖπνον · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἐφιζανέτηνἐφιζανέτηνthey sat downἐφιζάνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbThe verb is dual, continuing to describe the two returning warriors.
ἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκρητῆροςthe mixing bowlκρατήρ · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀπὸἈθήνῃto Athena̓ἀθήνη · dative singular feminine nounobject of λεῖβον - 579
they drew honey-sweet wine and poured a libation to Athena.
Metre
πλείουἀφυσσόμενοι‖λεῖβονμελιηδέαοἶνον
πλείουfullπλέως · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies κρητῆροςἀφυσσόμενοιdrawingἀφύσσω · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to λεῖβονλεῖβονthey poured a libationλείβω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbμελιηδέαhoney-sweetμελιηδής · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies οἶνονοἶνονwineοἶνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of λεῖβον
The particulars
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- Ἰλιάς, Homer. The Patrocleia.
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- Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
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