Ancient Greek · The Patrocleia
Ἰλιάδος Λ
Book 11. Agamemnon's Day of Glory
Agamemnon's day of glory ends with a wound. Diomedes, Odysseus and Machaon are hit. Nestor asks Patroclus to plead with Achilles.
Tap a line to open its words. The mark beside it plays it.
- 1
Dawn, from her bed beside glorious Tithonus,
Metre
Ἠὼςἐκλεχέων‖παρἀγαυοῦΤιθωνοῖο
ἨὼςDawnἠώς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ὄρνυθ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionλεχέωνbedλέχος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἐκπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionἀγαυοῦgloriousἀγαυός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΤιθωνοῖοΤιθωνοῖοTithonusΤιθωνός · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to παῤ - 2
rose, to bring light to immortals and to mortals;
Metre
ὄρνυθἵνἀθανάτοισι‖φόωςφέροιἠδὲβροτοῖσι
ὄρνυθroseὄρνυμι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἵνtoἵνα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἀθανάτοισιimmortalsἀθάνατος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἠδὲφόωςlightφόως · accusative singular neuter nounobject of φέροιφέροιto bringφέρω · present active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἵν̓ἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordβροτοῖσιto mortalsβροτός · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἠδὲ - 3
and Zeus sent Strife to the swift ships of the Achaeans,
Metre
ΖεὺςἜριδαπροΐαλλε‖θοὰςἐπὶνῆαςἈχαιῶν
ΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προΐαλλεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἜριδαStrifeἜρις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of προΐαλλεπροΐαλλεsentπροιάλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθοὰςswiftθοός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςἐπὶtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπὶἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies νῆας - 4
grievous, holding in her hands the sign of war.
Metre
ἀργαλέηνπολέμοιο‖τέραςμετὰχερσὶνἔχουσαν
ἀργαλέηνgrievousἀργαλέος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἔριδαπολέμοιοof warπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies τέραςτέραςsignτέρας · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔχουσανμετὰinμετά · prepositionprepositionχερσὶνhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of μετὰἔχουσανholdingἔχω · present active participle, accusative singular femininecircumstantial complement - 5
and stood upon Odysseus' huge black ship,
Metre
στῆἐπὈδυσσῆος‖μεγακήτεϊνηῒμελαίνῃ
στῆstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionὈδυσσῆοςOdysseus’Ὀδυσσεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies νηῒμεγακήτεϊhugeμεγακήτης · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νηῒνηῒshipναῦς · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπ̓μελαίνῃblackμέλας · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νηῒ - 6
which lay at the middle, so a shout could carry both ways,
Metre
ἥἐνμεσσάτῳἔσκε‖γεγωνέμενἀμφοτέρωσε
ἥwhichὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἔσκεῥsoἄρα · particlesentence particleἐνatἐν · prepositionprepositionμεσσάτῳat the middleμέσσατος · dative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐνἔσκεlayεἰμί · imperfect indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing νηῒγεγωνέμενto carry a shoutγέγωνα · perfect active infinitiveadverbial to ἔσκεἀμφοτέρωσεboth waysἀμφοτέρωσε · adverbadverbial to γεγωνέμεν - 7
toward the huts of Ajax, son of Telamon,
Metre
ἠμὲνἐπΑἴαντος‖κλισίαςΤελαμωνιάδαο
ἠμὲνbothἠμέν · conjunctionsentence particleἐπtowardἐπί · prepositionprepositionΑἴαντοςAjax'sΑἴας · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κλισίαςκλισίαςthe hutsκλισία · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐπ̓Τελαμωνιάδαοson of TelamonΤελαμωνιάδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Αἴαντος - 8
and toward Achilles'; these had drawn their balanced ships
Metre
ἠδἐπἈχιλλῆος‖τοίἔσχατανῆαςἐΐσας
ἠδandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐπtowardἐπί · prepositionprepositionἈχιλλῆοςAchilles’Ἀχιλλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifiesτοίtheseὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of εἴρυσανῥindeedἄρα · particlesentence particleἔσχαταat the endsἔσχατος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to εἴρυσαννῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of εἴρυσανἐΐσαςbalancedἴσος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆας - 9
at the farthest ends, trusting in their manhood and the strength of their hands.
Metre
εἴρυσανἠνορέῃ‖πίσυνοικαὶκάρτεϊχειρῶν
εἴρυσανhad drawnἐρύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἠδ̓ἠνορέῃmanhoodἠνορέη · dative singular feminine nounmodifies καὶπίσυνοιtrustingπίσυνος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκάρτεϊstrengthκάρτος · dative singular neuter nounmodifies καὶχειρῶνhandsχείρ · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies κάρτεϊ - 10
Standing there, the goddess gave a great and terrible cry,
ἔνθαthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to στᾶσ̓στᾶσstandingἵστημι · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἤϋσεἤϋσεgave a cryαὔω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθεὰthe goddessθεά · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἤϋσεμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to τετεandτε · particlesentence particleδεινόνterribleδεινός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 11
high-pitched; and into every Achaean she poured great strength,
Metre
ὄρθιἈχαιοῖσιν‖δὲμέγασθένοςἔμβαλἑκάστῳ
ὄρθιhigh-pitchedὄρθιος · nominative plural feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementἈχαιοῖσινinto the AchaeansἈχαιός · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἔμβαλ̓δὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies σθένοςσθένοςstrengthσθένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔμβαλ̓ἔμβαλpouredἐμβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἑκάστῳeach oneἕκαστος · dative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 12
into his heart, to wage war and fight without cease.
Metre
καρδίῃἄληκτον‖πολεμίζεινἠδὲμάχεσθαι
καρδίῃinto his heartκαρδία · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἔμβαλ̓ἄληκτονwithout ceaseἄλληκτος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἠδὲπολεμίζεινto wage warπολεμίζω · present active infinitivemodifies ἠδὲἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitivemodifies ἠδὲ - 13
At once war became sweeter to them than to return
Metre
τοῖσιἄφαρπόλεμος‖γλυκίωνγένετἠὲνέεσθαι
τοῖσιto themὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of γένετ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄφαρat onceἄφαρ · adverbadverbial to γένετ̓πόλεμοςwarπόλεμος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of γένετ̓γλυκίωνsweeterγλυκύς · nominative singular masculine comparative adjectivepredicate nounγένετbecameγίγνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἠὲorἠέ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionνέεσθαιto returnνέομαι · present medio-passive infinitivemodifies ἠὲ - 14
in the hollow ships to their own dear native land.
Metre
ἐννηυσὶγλαφυρῇσι‖φίληνἐςπατρίδαγαῖαν
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐνγλαφυρῇσιhollowγλαφυρός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶφίληνown dearφίλος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies γαῖανἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionπατρίδαnativeπατρίς · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies γαῖανγαῖανlandγαῖα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐς - 15
The son of Atreus shouted and ordered the Argives to arm;
Metre
Ἀτρεΐδηςἐβόησεν‖ἰδὲζώννυσθαιἄνωγεν
Ἀτρεΐδηςthe son of AtreusἈτρείδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἰδὲδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐβόησενshoutedβοάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἰδὲandἰδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordζώννυσθαιto armζώννυμι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἄνωγενἄνωγενorderedἄνωγα · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 16
and he himself put on the flashing bronze.
Ἀργείουςthe ArgivesἈργεῖος · accusative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ζώννυσθαιἐνthenἐν · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὐτὸςhe himselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐδύσετοput onδύω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνώροπαgleamingνῶροψ · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χαλκόνχαλκόνbronzeχαλκός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐδύσετο - 17
First he set greaves about his shins,
Metre
κνημῖδαςμὲνπρῶτα‖περὶκνήμῃσινἔθηκε
κνημῖδαςgreavesκνημίς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἔθηκεμὲνfirstμέν · particlesentence particleπρῶταfirstπρῶτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἔθηκεπερὶaboutπερί · prepositionprepositionκνήμῃσινshinsκνήμη · dative plural feminine nounobject of περὶἔθηκεsetτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 18
fine ones, fitted with silver ankle-pieces;
Metre
καλὰςἀργυρέοισιν‖ἐπισφυρίοιςἀραρυίας
καλὰςfineκαλός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifiesἀργυρέοισινsilverἀργύρεος · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἐπισφυρίοιςἐπισφυρίοιςankle-piecesἐπισφύρια · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἀραρυίαςἀραρυίαςfittedἀραρίσκω · perfect active participle, accusative plural femininemodifies - 19
next he put the corselet about his chest,
Metre
δεύτεροναὖθώρηκα‖περὶστήθεσσινἔδυνε
δεύτερονnextδεύτερος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἔδυνεαὖnextαὖ · adverbsentence particleθώρηκαcorseletθώραξ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔδυνεπερὶaboutπερί · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσινchestστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounobject of περὶἔδυνεput onδύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 20
which Cinyras once had given him as a guest-gift.
Metre
τόνποτέοἱΚινύρης‖δῶκεξεινήϊονεἶναι
τόνwhichὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of δῶκεποτέonceποτέ · particlesentence particleοἱto himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of δῶκεΚινύρηςCinyrasΚινύρης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δῶκεδῶκεhad givenδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing θώρηκαξεινήϊονguest-giftξεινήιον · accusative singular neuter nounpredicate nounεἶναιasεἰμί · present active infinitiveadverbial to δῶκε - 21
For he had heard in Cyprus the great report, that the Achaeans
Metre
πεύθετογὰρΚύπρον‖δὲμέγακλέοςοὕνεκἈχαιοὶ
πεύθετοhad heardπεύθομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleΚύπρονCyprusΚύπρος · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to πεύθετοδὲin turnδέ · particleemphasizing particleμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κλέοςκλέοςreportκλέος · accusative singular neuter nounobjectοὕνεκthatοὕνεκα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἈχαιοὶthe AchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἔμελλον - 22
were soon to sail in ships to Troy;
Metre
ἐςΤροίηννήεσσιν‖ἀναπλεύσεσθαιἔμελλον
ἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionΤροίηνTroyΤροία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐςνήεσσινshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἀναπλεύσεσθαιἀναπλεύσεσθαιto sailἀναπλέω · future middle infinitiveobject of ἔμελλονἔμελλονwere soonμέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbobject of οὕνεκ̓ - 23
therefore he gave it to him, seeking to please the king.
Metre
τοὔνεκάοἱτὸνδῶκε‖χαριζόμενοςβασιλῆϊ
τοὔνεκάthereforeτοὔνεκα · adverbadverbial to δῶκεοἱto himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of δῶκετὸνitὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of δῶκεδῶκεhe gaveδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχαριζόμενοςseeking to pleaseχαρίζομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δῶκεβασιλῆϊthe kingβασιλεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of χαριζόμενος - 24
On it were ten bands of dark-blue inlay,
Metre
τοῦἤτοιδέκαοἶμοι‖ἔσανμέλανοςκυάνοιο
τοῦon itὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies οἶμοιδandδέ · particlesentence particleἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleδέκαtenδέκα · numeralmodifies οἶμοιοἶμοιbandsοἶμος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἔσανἔσανwereεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbμέλανοςdark-blueμέλας · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies κυάνοιοκυάνοιοdark-blue inlayκύανος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies οἶμοι - 25
twelve of gold and twenty of tin;
Metre
δώδεκαδὲχρυσοῖο‖καὶεἴκοσικασσιτέροιο
δώδεκαtwelveδώδεκα · numeralmodifiesδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleχρυσοῖοof goldχρυσός · genitive singular masculine nounmodifiesκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordεἴκοσιtwentyεἴκοσι · numeralmodifiesκασσιτέροιοtinκασσίτερος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies - 26
and dark-blue serpents reared up toward the neck,
Metre
κυάνεοιδὲδράκοντες‖ὀρωρέχατοπροτὶδειρὴν
κυάνεοιdark-blueκυάνεος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies δράκοντεςδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδράκοντεςserpentsδράκων · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ὀρωρέχατοὀρωρέχατοreared upὀρέγω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπροτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionδειρὴνneckδειρή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of προτὶ - 27
three on either side, like the rainbows the son of Cronos
Metre
τρεῖςἑκάτερθἴρισσιν‖ἐοικότεςἅςτεΚρονίων
τρεῖςthreeτρεῖς · numeralmodifies δράκοντεςἑκάτερθon either sideἑκάτερθε · adverbadverbial to ὀρωρέχατοἴρισσινrainbowsἶρις · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐοικότεςἐοικότεςlikeἔοικα · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ὀρωρέχατοἅςwhichὅς · accusative plural feminine pronounobject of στήριξετεeverτε · particlesentence particleΚρονίωνthe son of CronosΚρονίων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of στήριξε - 28
sets firm in cloud, a sign for mortal men.
Metre
ἐννέφεϊστήριξε‖τέραςμερόπωνἀνθρώπων
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionνέφεϊcloudνέφος · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἐνστήριξεsets firmστηρίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἴρισσιντέραςsignτέρας · accusative singular neuter nouncircumstantial complementμερόπωνmortalμέροψ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἀνθρώπωνἀνθρώπωνmenἄνθρωπος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τέρας - 29
About his shoulders he slung a sword; its golden studs
Metre
ἀμφὶἄρὤμοισιν‖βάλετοξίφοςἐνδέοἱἧλοι
ἀμφὶaboutἀμφί · prepositionprepositionδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὤμοισινhis shouldersὦμος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀμφὶβάλετοslungβάλλω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbξίφοςswordξίφος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of βάλετοἐνonἐν · prepositionprepositionδέandδέ · particlesentence particleοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἐνἧλοιstudsἧλος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of πάμφαινον - 30
shone all around, while the sheath about it was
Metre
χρύσειοιπάμφαινον‖ἀτὰρπερὶκουλεὸνἦεν
χρύσειοιgoldenχρύσεος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἧλοιπάμφαινονshoneπαμφαίνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀτὰρwhileἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordπερὶall aroundπερί · prepositionemphasizing particleκουλεὸνsheathκολεόν · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἦενἦενwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 31
silver, hung from golden straps.
Metre
ἀργύρεονχρυσέοισιν‖ἀορτήρεσσινἀρηρός
ἀργύρεονsilverἀργύρεος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifiesχρυσέοισινgoldenχρύσεος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀορτήρεσσινἀορτήρεσσινstrapsἀορτήρ · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀρηρόςἀρηρόςhungἀραρίσκω · perfect active participle, nominative singular neutermodifies - 32
He lifted his man-enclosing, richly wrought battle-shield,
Metre
ἂνἕλετἀμφιβρότην‖πολυδαίδαλονἀσπίδαθοῦριν
ἂνupἀνά · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἕλετliftedαἱρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀμφιβρότηνman-enclosingἀμφίβροτος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifiesπολυδαίδαλονrichly wroughtπολυδαίδαλος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifiesἀσπίδαshieldἀσπίς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἕλετ̓θοῦρινbattle-shieldθου~ρις · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies - 33
beautiful, with ten circles of bronze around its rim;
Metre
καλήνἣνπέριμὲν‖κύκλοιδέκαχάλκεοιἦσαν
καλήνbeautifulκαλός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifiesἣνitὅς · accusative singular feminine pronounadverbial to πέριπέριaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκύκλοιcirclesκύκλος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἦσανδέκαtenδέκα · numeralmodifies κύκλοιχάλκεοιof bronzeχάλκεος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies κύκλοιἦσανwereεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing δὲ - 34
and on it were twenty bosses of tin,
Metre
ἐνδέοἱὀμφαλοὶἦσαν‖ἐείκοσικασσιτέροιο
ἐνonἐν · prepositionprepositionδέandδέ · particlesentence particleοἱon itἕ · dative singular feminine pronounadverbial to ἐνὀμφαλοὶbossesὀμφαλός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἦσανἦσανwereεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing δὲἐείκοσιtwentyεἴκοσι · numeralmodifies ὀμφαλοὶκασσιτέροιοtinκασσίτερος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ὀμφαλοὶ - 35
white, and at their center one of dark-blue inlay.
Metre
λευκοίἐνδὲμέσοισιν‖ἔηνμέλανοςκυάνοιο
λευκοίwhiteλευκός · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ὀμφαλοὶἐνatἐν · prepositionprepositionδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμέσοισινin the middleμέσος · dative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐνἔηνwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δὲμέλανοςdark-blueμέλας · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies κυάνοιοκυάνοιοdark-blue inlayκύανος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies - 36
And crowning it was the grim-faced Gorgon,
Metre
τῇἐπὶμὲνΓοργὼ‖βλοσυρῶπιςἐστεφάνωτο
τῇitὁ · dative singular feminine pronounadverbial to ἐπὶδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐπὶonἐπί · prepositionprepositionμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleΓοργὼGorgonΓοργώ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐστεφάνωτοβλοσυρῶπιςgrim-facedβλοσυρω~πις · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Γοργὼἐστεφάνωτοwas crownedστεφανόω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 37
glaring terribly, with Terror and Rout around her.
δεινὸνterriblyδεινός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to δερκομένηδερκομένηglaringδέρκομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἐστεφάνωτοπερὶaround herπερί · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΔεῖμόςTerrorΔεῖμος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleΦόβοςRoutφόβος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 38
Its carrying strap was silver; upon it
Metre
τῆςἐξἀργύρεος‖τελαμὼνἦναὐτὰρἐπαὐτοῦ
τῆςitsὁ · genitive singular feminine pronounadverbial to ἐξδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐξfrom itἐκ · prepositionprepositionἀργύρεοςsilverἀργύρεος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τελαμὼντελαμὼνstrapτελαμών · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἦνἦνwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαὐτὰρandἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐπupon itἐπί · prepositionprepositionαὐτοῦitαὐτός · genitive singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐπ̓ - 39
a dark-blue serpent coiled, with three heads
κυάνεοςdarkκυάνεος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δράκωνἐλέλικτοcoiledἐλελίζω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδράκωνserpentδράκων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐλέλικτοκεφαλαὶheadsκεφαλή · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἦσανδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱit hadἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies κεφαλαὶἦσανwereεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 40
twisting each way, sprung from a single neck.
τρεῖςthreeτρεῖς · numeralpredicate nounἀμφιστρεφέεςtwisting each wayἀμφιστρεφής · nominative plural feminine adjectivepredicate nounἑνὸςoneεἷς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies αὐχένοςαὐχένοςneckαὐχήν · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκπεφυυῖαιἐκπεφυυῖαιsprung fromἐκφύω · perfect active participle, nominative plural femininepredicate noun - 41
Upon his head he set the double-crested, four-bossed helmet,
Metre
κρατὶἐπἀμφίφαλον‖κυνέηνθέτοτετραφάληρον
κρατὶon his headκράς · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionἀμφίφαλονdouble-crestedἀμφίφαλος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κυνέηνκυνέηνhelmetκυνέη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of θέτοθέτοsetτίθημι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτετραφάληρονfour-bossedτετραφάληρος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κυνέην - 42
with a horsehair crest; and terribly the plume nodded above it;
Metre
ἵππουρινδεινὸν‖δὲλόφοςκαθύπερθενἔνευεν
ἵππουρινhorsehair-crestedἵππουρις · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κυνέηνδεινὸνterriblyδεινός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἔνευενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordλόφοςplumeλόφος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔνευενκαθύπερθενabove itκαθύπερθε · adverbadverbial to ἔνευενἔνευενnoddedνεύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 43
and he took two strong spears, tipped with bronze,
Metre
εἵλετοἄλκιμαδοῦρε‖δύωκεκορυθμέναχαλκῷ
εἵλετοhe tookαἱρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄλκιμαstoutἄλκιμος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δοῦρεδοῦρεspearsδόρυ · accusative dual neuter nounobject of εἵλετοδύωtwoδύο · numeralmodifies δοῦρεκεκορυθμέναtippedκορύσσω · perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neutermodifies δοῦρεχαλκῷwith bronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounobject of κεκορυθμένα - 44
sharp; far from them, into heaven, the bronze
Metre
ὀξέατῆλεδὲχαλκὸς‖ἀπαὐτόφινοὐρανὸνεἴσω
ὀξέαsharpὀξύς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δοῦρετῆλεfar offτῆλε · adverbadverbial to λάμπ̓δὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχαλκὸςbronzeχαλκός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of λάμπ̓ἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionαὐτόφινfrom themαὐτόφι · adverbadverbial to ἀπ̓οὐρανὸνheavenοὐρανός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εἴσωεἴσωintoεἴσω · prepositionpreposition - 45
flashed; and Athena and Hera thundered above,
Metre
λάμπἐπὶἐγδούπησαν‖ἈθηναίητεκαὶἭρη
λάμπflashedλάμπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπὶaboveἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐγδούπησανthunderedδουπέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἈθηναίηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἭρηHeraἭρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶ - 46
honoring the king of gold-rich Mycenae.
Metre
τιμῶσαιβασιλῆα‖πολυχρύσοιοΜυκήνης
τιμῶσαιhonoringτιμάω · present active participle, nominative plural feminineadverbial to ἐγδούπησανβασιλῆαthe kingβασιλεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τιμῶσαιπολυχρύσοιοgold-richπολύχρυσος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ΜυκήνηςΜυκήνηςMycenaeΜυκήνη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies βασιλῆα - 47
Then each man ordered his own charioteer
Metre
ἡνιόχῳμὲνἔπειτα‖ἑῷἐπέτελλενἕκαστος
ἡνιόχῳhis charioteerἡνίοχος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπέτελλενμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbsentence particleἑῷhis ownἑός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἡνιόχῳἐπέτελλενorderedἐπιτέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἕκαστοςeach manἕκαστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 48
to hold the horses well and in due order there beside the trench,
Metre
ἵππουςεὖκατὰκόσμον‖ἐρυκέμεναὖθἐπὶτάφρῳ
ἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐρυκέμενεὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to ἐρυκέμενκατὰin dueκατά · prepositionprepositionκόσμονorderκόσμος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to κατὰἐρυκέμενto holdἐρύκω · present active infinitiveobject of ἐπέτελλεναὖθthereαὖτε · adverbobject of ἐρυκέμενἐπὶbesideἐπί · prepositionprepositionτάφρῳthe trenchτάφρος · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπὶ - 49
while they themselves, foot fighters armed in their war gear,
Metre
αὐτοὶδὲπρυλέες‖σὺντεύχεσιθωρηχθέντες
αὐτοὶthey themselvesαὐτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδὲwhileδέ · particlecoordinating wordπρυλέεςfoot fightersπρυλέες · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ῥώοντ̓σὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionτεύχεσιwar gearτεῦχος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to σὺνθωρηχθέντεςarmedθωρήσσω · aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ῥώοντ̓ - 50
rushed forward; and at dawn an unquenchable shout arose.
Metre
ῥώοντἄσβεστος‖δὲβοὴγένετἠῶθιπρό
ῥώοντrushed forwardῥώομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἄσβεστοςunquenchableἄσβεστος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies βοὴδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordβοὴshoutβοή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of γένετ̓γένετaroseγίγνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἠῶθιat dawnἠώς · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to πρόπρόbeforeπρό · prepositionpreposition - 51
Marshaled by the trench, they were far ahead of the horsemen,
Metre
φθὰνδὲμέγἱππήων‖ἐπὶτάφρῳκοσμηθέντες
φθὰνwere aheadφθάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleμέγfarμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to φθὰνἱππήωνhorsemenἱππεύς · genitive plural masculine nounobject of φθὰνἐπὶbyἐπί · prepositionprepositionτάφρῳthe trenchτάφρος · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐπὶκοσμηθέντεςwere marshaledκοσμέω · aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to φθὰν - 52
who followed a little behind; and among them an evil din
ἱππῆεςhorsemenἱππεύς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of μετεκίαθονδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὀλίγονlittleὀλίγος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to μετεκίαθονμετεκίαθονfollowed afterμετακιάθω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐνamong themἐν · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleκυδοιμὸνdinκυδοιμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὦρσε - 53
the son of Cronos stirred, and from on high sent down a dew
Metre
ὦρσεκακὸνΚρονίδης‖κατὰὑψόθενἧκενἐέρσας
ὦρσεstirredὄρνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκακὸνevilκακός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies κυδοιμὸνΚρονίδηςson of CronosΚρονίδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓κατὰdownκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὑψόθενfrom on highὑψόθεν · adverbadverbial to ἧκενἧκενsentἵημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐέρσαςdewἔρσα · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἧκεν - 54
drenched in blood from the clear sky, because he meant
Metre
αἵματιμυδαλέας‖ἐξαἰθέροςοὕνεκἔμελλε
αἵματιbloodαἷμα · dative singular neuter nounmodifies μυδαλέαςμυδαλέαςdrenchedμυδαλέος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἐέρσαςἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionαἰθέροςclear skyαἰθήρ · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐξοὕνεκbecauseοὕνεκα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἔμελλεhe meantμέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to οὕνεκ̓ - 55
to hurl many mighty heads down to Hades.
Metre
πολλὰςἰφθίμους‖κεφαλὰςἌϊδιπροϊάψειν
πολλὰςmanyπολύς · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies κεφαλὰςἰφθίμουςmightyἴφθιμος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies κεφαλὰςκεφαλὰςheadsκεφαλή · accusative plural feminine nounobject of προϊάψεινἌϊδιto HadesἈΐδης · dative singular masculine nounobject of προϊάψεινπροϊάψεινsend downπροιάπτω · future active infinitiveobject of ἔμελλε - 56
The Trojans, on the other side, upon a rise of the plain,
Τρῶεςthe TrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖθin turnαὖτε · adverbsentence particleἑτέρωθενon the other sideἑτέρωθεν · adverbadverbialἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionθρωσμῷriseθρωσμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐπὶπεδίοιοof the plainπεδίον · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies θρωσμῷ - 57
stood round great Hector and blameless Polydamas,
Metre
Ἕκτοράἀμφὶμέγαν‖καὶἀμύμοναΠουλυδάμαντα
ἝκτοράHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to τ̓τandτε · particlesentence particleἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionμέγανgreatμέγας · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτοράκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἀμύμοναblamelessἀμύμων · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΠουλυδάμανταΠουλυδάμανταPolydamasΠουλυδάμας · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to τ̓ - 58
and Aeneas, honored like a god among the Trojan people,
ΑἰνείανAeneasΑἰνείας · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to τ̓θandτε · particlesentence particleὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of τίετοΤρωσὶamong the TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to τίετοθεὸςa godθεός · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectὣςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialτίετοwas honoredτίω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Αἰνείανδήμῳpeopleδῆμος · dative singular masculine nounobject of τίετο - 59
and Antenor's three sons, Polybus and godlike Agenor
Metre
τρεῖςἈντηνορίδας‖ΠόλυβονκαὶἈγήνοραδῖον
τρεῖςthreeτρεῖς · numeralmodifies Ἀντηνορίδαςτandτε · particlecoordinating wordἈντηνορίδαςsons of AntenorἈντηνορίδης · accusative plural masculine nounadverbialΠόλυβονPolybusΠόλυβος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbialκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἈγήνοραAgenorἈγήνωρ · accusative singular masculine nounadverbialδῖονgodlikeδῖος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀγήνορα - 60
and young Acamas, like the immortals.
ἠΐθεόνyoung manἠίθεος · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀκάμαντ̓τandτε · particlecoordinating wordἈκάμαντAcamasἈκάμας · accusative singular masculine nounadverbialἐπιείκελονlikeἐπιείκελος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀκάμαντ̓ἀθανάτοισινthe immortalsἀθάνατος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἐπιείκελον - 61
In the front ranks Hector carried his shield, round on every side.
Metre
Ἕκτωρἐνπρώτοισι‖φέρἀσπίδαπάντοσἐΐσην
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of φέῤδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionπρώτοισιthe foremostπρῶτος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐνφέρcarriedφέρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀσπίδαhis shieldἀσπίς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of φέῤπάντοσall aroundπάντοσε · adverbemphasizing particleἐΐσηνroundἴσος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀσπίδα - 62
As a baneful star emerges from the clouds,
οἷοςasοἷος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionνεφέωνcloudsνέφος · genitive plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐκἀναφαίνεταιemergesἀναφαίνω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓οὔλιοςbanefulοὔλιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἀστὴρἀστὴρstarἀστήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀναφαίνεται - 63
blazing bright, then sinks again into shadowy clouds,
Metre
παμφαίνωντοτὲαὖτις‖ἔδυνέφεασκιόεντα
παμφαίνωνblazing brightπαμφαίνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀναφαίνεταιτοτὲthenτοτέ · adverbadverbial to ἔδυδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbsentence particleἔδυsankδύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓νέφεαcloudsνέφος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔδυσκιόενταshadowyσκιόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies νέφεα - 64
so Hector now appeared among the foremost,
Metre
ὣςἝκτωρὁτὲμέν‖τεμετὰπρώτοισιφάνεσκεν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάνεσκενἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectὁτὲnowὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleτεat one timeτε · particlesentence particleμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionπρώτοισιthe foremostπρῶτος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to μετὰφάνεσκενappearedφαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 65
now among the last, urging them on; and his whole body in bronze
Metre
ἄλλοτεἐνπυμάτοισι‖κελεύωνπᾶςἄραχαλκῷ
ἄλλοτεat another timeἄλλοτε · adverbadverbial to ἐνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionπυμάτοισιrearmostπύματος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐνκελεύωνurging them onκελεύω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to φάνεσκενπᾶςwholeπᾶς · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραindeedἄρα · particlesentence particleχαλκῷin bronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to λάμφ̓ - 66
flashed like lightning from father Zeus who bears the aegis.
Metre
λάμφὥςτεστεροπὴ‖πατρὸςΔιὸςαἰγιόχοιο
λάμφflashedλάμπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὥςlikeὡς · conjunctionadverbialτεasτε · particlesentence particleστεροπὴlightningστεροπή · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectπατρὸςfatherπατήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ΔιὸςΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies στεροπὴαἰγιόχοιοwho bears the aegisαἰγίοχος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Διὸς - 67
And as reapers facing one another
Metre
οἳὥςἀμητῆρες‖ἐναντίοιἀλλήλοισιν
οἳtheyὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὥςasὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐλαύνωσιντandτε · particlesentence particleἀμητῆρεςreapersἀμητήρ · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἐλαύνωσινἐναντίοιfacingἐναντίος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀλλήλοισινone anotherἀλλήλων · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἐναντίοι - 68
drive their swath across a rich man's field
Metre
ὄγμονἐλαύνωσιν‖ἀνδρὸςμάκαροςκατἄρουραν
ὄγμονswathὄγμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐλαύνωσινἐλαύνωσινdriveἐλαύνω · present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbialἀνδρὸςman’sἀνήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἄρουρανμάκαροςrichμάκαρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἀνδρὸςκατacrossκατά · prepositionprepositionἄρουρανfieldἄρουρα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of κατ̓ - 69
of wheat or barley, and the thick handfuls fall,
Metre
πυρῶνἢκριθῶν‖τὰδὲδράγματαταρφέαπίπτει
πυρῶνwheatπυρός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἢἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκριθῶνbarleyκριθή · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies ἢτὰtheὁ · nominative plural neuter articlemodifies δράγματαδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδράγματαhandfulsδράγμα · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of πίπτειταρφέαthickταρφύς · nominative plural neuter adjectivecircumstantial complementπίπτειfallπίπτω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δὲ - 70
so Trojans and Achaeans, leaping upon one another,
Metre
ὣςΤρῶεςκαὶἈχαιοὶ‖ἐπἀλλήλοισιθορόντες
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to δῄουνΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἈχαιοὶAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of καὶἐπupon one anotherἐπί · prepositionprepositionἀλλήλοισιone anotherἀλλήλων · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐπ̓θορόντεςleapingθρῴσκω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to δῄουν - 71
slew; neither side thought of ruinous flight.
Metre
δῄουνοὐδἕτεροι‖μνώοντὀλοοῖοφόβοιο
δῄουνcut downδηιόω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἕτεροιoneἕτερος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of μνώοντ̓μνώοντthought ofμνάομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὀλοοῖοruinousὀλοός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies φόβοιοφόβοιοof routφόβος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of μνώοντ̓ - 72
The battle held their heads level, and like wolves
Metre
ἴσαςὑσμίνη‖κεφαλὰςἔχενοἳδὲλύκοιὣς
ἴσαςlevelἴσος · accusative plural feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementδandδέ · particlesentence particleὑσμίνηbattleὑσμίνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔχενκεφαλὰςheadsκεφαλή · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἔχενἔχενheldἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of θῦνονδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordλύκοιwolvesλύκος · nominative plural masculine nounsubjectὣςlikeὡς · adverbadverbial - 73
they rushed; and Strife of many groans rejoiced to watch.
Metre
θῦνονἜριςἄρἔχαιρε‖πολύστονοςεἰσορόωσα
θῦνονrushedθύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἜριςStrifeἜρις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔχαιρεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρindeedἄρα · particlesentence particleἔχαιρεrejoicedχαίρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπολύστονοςmuch-groaningπολύστονος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἔριςεἰσορόωσαwatchingεἰσοράω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἔχαιρε - 74
For she alone of the gods was there among the fighters;
Metre
οἴηγάρῥαθεῶν‖παρετύγχανεμαρναμένοισιν
οἴηaloneοἶος · nominative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleῥαindeedἄρα · particlesentence particleθεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies οἴηπαρετύγχανεwas presentπαρατυγχάνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμαρναμένοισινthe fightersμάρναμαι · present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculineobject of παρετύγχανε - 75
the other gods were not among them, but sat at ease
Metre
οἳἄλλοιοὔσφιν‖πάρεσανθεοίἀλλὰἕκηλοι
οἳthe othersὁ · nominative plural masculine articlesubject of θεοίδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄλλοιotherἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοίοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleσφινamong themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of πάρεσανπάρεσανwere presentπάρειμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbθεοίgodsθεός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of πάρεσανἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἕκηλοιat easeἕκηλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 76
in their own halls, where for each of them
Metre
σφοῖσινἐνὶμεγάροισι‖καθήατοἧχιἑκάστῳ
σφοῖσινtheir ownσφός · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies μεγάροισιἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionμεγάροισιhallsμέγαρον · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐνὶκαθήατοthey satκάθημαι · pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἧχιwhereἧχι · adverbadverbial to τέτυκτοἑκάστῳfor eachἕκαστος · dative singular masculine adjectiveobject of τέτυκτο - 77
a fair house was built among the folds of Olympus.
Metre
δώματακαλὰτέτυκτο‖κατὰπτύχαςΟὐλύμποιο
δώματαhouseδῶμα · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of τέτυκτοκαλὰfairκαλός · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δώματατέτυκτοwas builtτεύχω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing μεγάροισικατὰamongκατά · prepositionprepositionπτύχαςfoldsπτύξ · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to κατὰΟὐλύμποιοof OlympusὌλυμπος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πτύχας - 78
And all blamed the dark-clouded son of Cronos,
πάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ᾐτιόωντοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordᾐτιόωντοblamedαἰτιάομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκελαινεφέαdark-cloudedκελαινεφής · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΚρονίωναΚρονίωναson of CronosΚρονίων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ᾐτιόωντο - 79
because he wished to grant glory to the Trojans.
Metre
οὕνεκἄραΤρώεσσιν‖ἐβούλετοκῦδοςὀρέξαι
οὕνεκbecauseοὕνεκα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleΤρώεσσινto the TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ὀρέξαιἐβούλετοwishedβούλομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to οὕνεκ̓κῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ὀρέξαιὀρέξαιto grantὀρέγω · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἐβούλετο - 80
But the father paid them no heed; withdrawing apart,
Metre
τῶνμὲνἄροὐκἀλέγιζε‖πατήρὃδὲνόσφιλιασθεὶς
τῶνthemὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounobject of ἀλέγιζεμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἀλέγιζεpaid heedἀλεγίζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπατήρthe fatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀλέγιζεὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καθέζετοδὲbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordνόσφιapartνόσφι · adverbadverbial to λιασθεὶςλιασθεὶςwithdrawingλιάζομαι · aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to καθέζετο - 81
far from the others, he sat exulting in his glory,
Metre
τῶνἄλλωνἀπάνευθε‖καθέζετοκύδεϊγαίων
τῶνthe othersὁ · genitive plural masculine articlemodifies ἄλλωνἄλλωνthe othersἄλλος · genitive plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἀπάνευθεἀπάνευθεapart fromἀπάνευθε · prepositionprepositionκαθέζετοsatκαθέζομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκύδεϊgloryκῦδος · dative singular neuter nounobject of γαίωνγαίωνexultingγαίω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to καθέζετο - 82
gazing on Troy's city and the ships of the Achaeans,
Metre
εἰσορόωνΤρώων‖τεπόλινκαὶνῆαςἈχαιῶν
εἰσορόωνgazing atεἰσοράω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to καθέζετοΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies πόλιντεandτε · particlesentence particleπόλινcityπόλις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of τεκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleνῆαςthe shipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of τεἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies νῆας - 83
the flash of bronze, and men killing and being killed.
Metre
χαλκοῦτεστεροπήν‖ὀλλύντάςὀλλυμένουςτε
χαλκοῦbronzeχαλκοῦς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies στεροπήντεandτε · particlecoordinating wordστεροπήνflashστεροπή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of τεὀλλύντάςkillingὄλλυμι · present active participle, accusative plural masculineobject of τετandτε · particlesentence particleὀλλυμένουςbeing killedὄλλυμι · present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculineobject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 84
As long as morning lasted and the sacred day grew stronger,
Metre
ὄφραμὲνἠὼςἦν‖καὶἀέξετοἱερὸνἦμαρ
ὄφραas long asὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὲνas long asμέν · particlesentence particleἠὼςDawnἠώς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἦνἦνlastedεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀέξετοgrew strongerἀέξω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶἱερὸνsacredἱερός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦμαρἦμαρdayἦμαρ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἀέξετο - 85
the weapons struck both sides, and the people fell.
Metre
τόφραμάλἀμφοτέρων‖βέλεἥπτετοπῖπτεδὲλαός
τόφραso longτόφρα · adverbadverbial to ἥπτετομάλstronglyμάλα · adverbadverbial to ἥπτετοἀμφοτέρωνboth sidesἀμφότερος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies βέλἐβέλεweaponsβέλος · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of ἥπτετοἥπτετοstruckἅπτω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπῖπτεfellπίπτω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordλαόςthe peopleλαός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πῖπτε - 86
But when a woodcutter makes ready his meal
Metre
ἦμοςδὲδρυτόμος‖περἀνὴρὁπλίσσατοδεῖπνον
ἦμοςwhenἦμος · adverbsubordinating conjunctionδὲbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordδρυτόμοςwoodcutterδρυτόμος · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἀνὴρπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἀνὴρa manἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὁπλίσσατοὁπλίσσατοmade readyὁπλίζω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to τεδεῖπνονmealδεῖπνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὁπλίσσατο - 87
in the mountain glens, when he has wearied his hands
Metre
οὔρεοςἐνβήσσῃσιν‖ἐπείἐκορέσσατοχεῖρας
οὔρεοςof the mountainὄρος · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies βήσσῃσινἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionβήσσῃσινin a glenβῆσσα · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐνἐπείwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτandτε · particlesentence particleἐκορέσσατοhad weariedκορέννυμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπείχεῖραςhandsχείρ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐκορέσσατο - 88
cutting tall trees, and weariness comes upon his spirit,
Metre
τάμνωνδένδρεαμακρά‖ἅδοςτέμινἵκετοθυμόν
τάμνωνcuttingτέμνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐκορέσσατοδένδρεαtreesδένδρεον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of τάμνωνμακράtallμακρός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δένδρεαἅδοςwearinessἅδος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἵκετοτέandτε · particlesentence particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἵκετοἵκετοcomesἱκνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to τεθυμόνhis spiritθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἵκετο - 89
and desire for sweet food grips his heart,
Metre
σίτουτεγλυκεροῖο‖περὶφρέναςἵμεροςαἱρεῖ
σίτουof foodσῖτος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἵμεροςτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordγλυκεροῖοsweetγλυκύς · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies σίτουπερὶforπερί · prepositionprepositionφρέναςheartφρήν · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to περὶἵμεροςlongingἵμερος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of αἱρεῖαἱρεῖgripsαἱρέω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to τε - 90
then by their own valor the Danaans broke the battalions,
Metre
τῆμοςσφῇἀρετῇ‖Δαναοὶῥήξαντοφάλαγγας
τῆμοςthenτῆμος · adverbadverbial to ῥήξαντοσφῇtheir ownσφός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀρετῇἀρετῇvalorἀρετή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ῥήξαντοΔαναοὶthe DanaansΔαναοί · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ῥήξαντοῥήξαντοbrokeῥήγνυμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbφάλαγγαςbattalionsφάλαγξ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ῥήξαντο - 91
calling to their comrades down the ranks; and among them Agamemnon
κεκλόμενοιcallingκέλομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ῥήξαντοἑτάροισιcomradesἑταῖρος · dative plural masculine nounobject of κεκλόμενοικατὰdownκατά · prepositionprepositionστίχαςranksστίξ · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to κατὰἐνamong themἐν · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlesentence particleἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὄρουσ̓ - 92
sprang first and slew a man, Bienor, shepherd of the people,
Metre
πρῶτοςὄρουσἕλεἄνδρα‖Βιάνοραποιμέναλαῶν
πρῶτοςfirstπρῶτος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementὄρουσleaptὀρούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἕλεslewαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄνδραa manἀνήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobjectΒιάνοραBienorΒιάνωρ · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ἄνδραποιμέναshepherdποιμήν · accusative singular masculine nounobjectλαῶνof the peopleλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ποιμένα - 93
him, and then his companion Oileus, driver of horses.
Metre
αὐτόνἔπειταἑταῖρον‖Ὀϊλῆαπλήξιππον
αὐτόνhimαὐτός · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbsentence particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἑταῖρονhis companionἑταῖρος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectὈϊλῆαOileusὈιλεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobjectπλήξιππονdriver of horsesπλήξιππος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ὀϊλῆα - 94
He leapt down from his chariot and stood facing him;
Metre
ἤτοιὅἐξἵππων‖κατεπάλμενοςἀντίοςἔστη
ἤτοιthenἤτοι · particlesentence particleὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔστηγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionἵππωνchariotἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἐξκατεπάλμενοςleaping downκατεφάλλομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔστηἀντίοςfacing himἀντίος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔστηstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 95
and as he rushed straight on, Agamemnon stabbed him in the forehead with the sharp spear,
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of νύξ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἰθὺςstraight onἰθύς · adverbadverbial to μεμαῶταμεμαῶταrushing onμέμαα · perfect active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementμετώπιονforeheadμετώπιον · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to νύξ̓ὀξέϊsharpὀξύς · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δουρὶδουρὶwith his spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to νύξ̓ - 96
nor did the bronze-heavy helmet-rim hold back the spear,
Metre
νύξοὐδὲστεφάνη‖δόρυοἱσχέθεχαλκοβάρεια
νύξstabbedνύσσω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbστεφάνηhelmet rimστεφάνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of σχέθεδόρυspearδόρυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of σχέθεοἱfor himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies δόρυσχέθεholdἔχω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχαλκοβάρειαbronze-heavyχαλκοβαρής · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δόρυ - 97
but it passed through it and through the bone, and all the brain
Metre
ἀλλὰδιαὐτῆςἦλθε‖καὶὀστέουἐγκέφαλοςδὲ
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordδιthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionαὐτῆςitαὐτός · genitive singular feminine adjectiveobject of καὶἦλθεpassed throughἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὀστέουboneὀστέον · genitive singular neuter nounobject of καὶἐγκέφαλοςbrainἐγκέφαλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πεπάλακτοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating word - 98
within was spattered; and he brought him down as he charged.
Metre
ἔνδονἅπαςπεπάλακτο‖δάμασσεδέμινμεμαῶτα
ἔνδονinsideἔνδον · adverbadverbial to πεπάλακτοἅπαςallἅπας · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἐγκέφαλοςπεπάλακτοwas splashedπαλάσσω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδάμασσεbrought downδαμάζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of δάμασσεμεμαῶταas he chargedμέμαα · perfect active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 99
And Agamemnon, lord of men, left them there,
Metre
καὶτοὺςμὲνλίπεναὖθι‖ἄναξἀνδρῶνἈγαμέμνων
καὶandκαί · adverbsentence particleτοὺςthemὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of λίπενμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleλίπενleftλείπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαὖθιthereαὖθι · adverbobject of λίπενἄναξlordἄναξ · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγαμέμνωνἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἄναξἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of λίπεν - 100
their bare chests gleaming, once he had stripped away their tunics;
Metre
στήθεσιπαμφαίνοντας‖ἐπεὶπερίδυσεχιτῶνας
στήθεσιchestsστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to παμφαίνονταςπαμφαίνονταςall gleamingπαμφαίνω · present active participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complementἐπεὶonceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπερίδυσεstripped awayπεριδύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶχιτῶναςtunicsχιτών · accusative plural masculine nounobject of περίδυσε - 101
then he went to strip Isus and Antiphus,
Metre
αὐτὰρὃβῆἾσόν‖τεκαὶἌντιφονἐξεναρίξων
αὐτὰρandἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of βῆβῆhe wentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἾσόνIsusἾσος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἌντιφονAntiphusἌντιφος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἐξεναρίξωνto stripἐξεναρίζω · future active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βῆ - 102
two sons of Priam, one bastard, one legitimate,
Metre
υἷεδύωΠριάμοιο‖νόθονκαὶγνήσιονἄμφω
υἷεtwo sonsυἱός · accusative dual masculine nounobjectδύωtwoδύο · numeralmodifies υἷεΠριάμοιοof PriamΠρίαμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἷενόθονbastardνόθος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of καὶκαὶthe otherκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordγνήσιονlegitimateγνήσιος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of καὶἄμφωbothἄμφω · accusative dual masculine adjectiveemphasizing particle - 103
both in a single chariot: the bastard drove the team,
Metre
εἰνἑνὶδίφρῳἐόντας‖ὃμὲννόθοςἡνιόχευεν
εἰνinἐν · prepositionprepositionἑνὶoneεἷς · dative singular masculine nounmodifies δίφρῳδίφρῳchariotδίφρος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to εἰνἐόνταςtogetherεἰμί · present active participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complementὃtheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies νόθοςμὲνon one handμέν · particlesentence particleνόθοςbastardνόθος · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of ἡνιόχευενἡνιόχευενdrove the teamἡνιοχεύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 104
while renowned Antiphus rode beside him. Once Achilles
Metre
Ἄντιφοςαὖπαρέβασκε‖περικλυτόςὥποτἈχιλλεὺς
ἌντιφοςAntiphusἌντιφος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of παρέβασκεαὖin turnαὖ · adverbsentence particleπαρέβασκεrode besideπαραβαίνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπερικλυτόςfar-famedπερικλυτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἄντιφοςὥwhomὅς · accusative dual masculine pronounobject of δίδηποτonceποτέ · particleadverbial to δίδηἈχιλλεὺςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δίδη - 105
had bound them on Ida's slopes with pliant willow-twigs,
Metre
Ἴδηςἐνκνημοῖσι‖δίδημόσχοισιλύγοισι
ἼδηςIdaἼδη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies κνημοῖσιἐνonἐν · prepositionprepositionκνημοῖσιslopesκνημός · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἐνδίδηhad boundδίδημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμόσχοισιwillow shootsμόσχος · dative plural masculine nounobject of δίδηλύγοισιwillowsλύγος · dative plural feminine nounmodifies μόσχοισι - 106
catching them as they tended sheep, and freed them for ransom.
Metre
ποιμαίνοντἐπὄεσσι‖λαβώνκαὶἔλυσενἀποίνων
ποιμαίνοντwhile shepherdingποιμαίνω · present active participle, accusative dual masculinecircumstantial complementἐπoverἐπί · prepositionprepositionὄεσσιsheepὄις · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπ̓λαβώνcatchingλαμβάνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δίδηκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἔλυσενfreedἐλύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀποίνωνransomἄποινα · genitive plural neuter nounadverbial to ἔλυσεν - 107
Then the wide-ruling lord Agamemnon
Metre
δὴτότεἈτρεΐδης‖εὐρὺκρείωνἈγαμέμνων
δὴthenδή · particlesentence particleτότεthenτότε · adverbadverbial to βάλεγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἈτρεΐδηςson of AtreusἈτρείδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγαμέμνωνεὐρὺwide-rulingεὐρύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveemphasizing particleκρείωνruling lordκρείων · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈγαμέμνωνἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓ - 108
struck one with his spear in the chest above the nipple,
Metre
τὸνμὲνὑπὲρμαζοῖο‖κατὰστῆθοςβάλεδουρί
τὸνoneὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of βάλεμὲνoneμέν · particlesentence particleὑπὲρaboveὑπέρ · prepositionprepositionμαζοῖοnippleμαστός · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to ὑπὲρκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionστῆθοςchestστῆθος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of κατὰβάλεstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδουρίwith his spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to βάλε - 109
and Antiphus he struck beside the ear with his sword and hurled from the chariot.
ἌντιφονAntiphusἌντιφος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔλασεαὖandαὖ · adverbsentence particleπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionοὖςearοὖς · accusative singular neuter nounobject of παρὰἔλασεstruckἐλαύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbξίφειswordξίφος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἔλασεἐκfromἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔβαλhurledβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἵππωνchariotἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἔβαλ̓ - 110
In haste he stripped the fine armor from them,
σπερχόμενοςin hasteσπέρχω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐσύλαδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionτοῖινfrom themὁ · genitive dual masculine pronounobject of ἀπὸἐσύλαstrippedσυλάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτεύχεαarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐσύλακαλὰfineκαλός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχεα - 111
knowing them; for he had seen them before beside the swift ships,
Metre
γιγνώσκωνκαὶγάρ‖σφεπάροςπαρὰνηυσὶθοῇσιν
γιγνώσκωνrecognizingγιγνώσκω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐσύλακαὶandκαί · adverbsentence particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleσφεthemσφεῖς · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of εἶδενπάροςbeforeπάρος · adverbadverbial to εἶδενπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to παρὰθοῇσινswiftθοός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶ - 112
when swift-footed Achilles brought them from Ida.
Metre
εἶδενὅτἐξἼδης‖ἄγαγενπόδαςὠκὺςἈχιλλεύς
εἶδενsawεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὅτwhenὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionἼδηςfrom IdaἼδη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐξἄγαγενbroughtἄγω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτ̓πόδαςfootedπούς · accusative plural masculine nounmodifies ὠκὺςὠκὺςswiftὠκύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχιλλεύςἈχιλλεύςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἄγαγεν - 113
As a lion finds the tender fawns of a swift doe
Metre
ὡςδὲλέωνἐλάφοιο‖ταχείηςνήπιατέκνα
ὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordλέωνa lionλέων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of συνέαξεἐλάφοιοdoeἔλαφος · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies τέκναταχείηςswiftταχύς · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἐλάφοιονήπιαtenderνήπιος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τέκνατέκναfawnsτέκνον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of συνέαξε - 114
and easily crushes them in his strong teeth,
Metre
ῥηϊδίωςσυνέαξε‖λαβὼνκρατεροῖσινὀδοῦσιν
ῥηϊδίωςeasilyῥᾴδιος · adverbadverbial to συνέαξεσυνέαξεcrushes togetherσυνάγνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbialλαβὼνseizingλαμβάνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to συνέαξεκρατεροῖσινstrongκρατερός · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ὀδοῦσινὀδοῦσινin his teethὀδούς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to λαβὼν - 115
coming into their lair, and robs them of their tender hearts;
ἐλθὼνcomingἔρχομαι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to συνέαξεεἰςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionεὐνήνlairεὐνή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἰςἁπαλόνtenderἁπαλός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦτορτέandτε · particlecoordinating wordσφthemσφεῖς · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ἀπηύραἦτορheartsἦτορ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀπηύραἀπηύραrobsἀπαυράω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial - 116
and though she chances to be very near, she cannot
Metre
ἣεἴπέρτετύχῃσι‖μάλασχεδόνοὐδύναταίσφι
ἣsheὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of δύναταίδandδέ · particlesentence particleεἴthoughεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπέρthoughπέρ · particlesentence particleτεandτε · particlesentence particleτύχῃσιis nearbyτυγχάνω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἴμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleσχεδόνnearσχεδόν · adverbadverbial to τύχῃσιοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleδύναταίcannotδύναμαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbialσφιthemσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of χραισμεῖν - 117
save them, for dreadful trembling seizes the doe herself;
Metre
χραισμεῖναὐτὴνγάρ‖μινὑπὸτρόμοςαἰνὸςἱκάνει
χραισμεῖνto saveχραισμέω · present active infinitiveobject of δύναταίαὐτὴνherselfαὐτός · accusative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleμινherμιν · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ἱκάνειὑπὸuponὑπό · prepositionemphasizing particleτρόμοςtremblingτρόμος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἱκάνειαἰνὸςdreadfulαἰνός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τρόμοςἱκάνειseizesἱκάνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbgoverned by an elided head - 118
and swiftly she darts through dense thickets and woodland,
Metre
καρπαλίμωςἤϊξε‖διὰδρυμὰπυκνὰκαὶὕλην
καρπαλίμωςswiftlyκαρπάλιμος · adverbadverbial to ἤϊξεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἤϊξεdartsἀίσσω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓διὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionδρυμὰthicketsδρυμός · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶπυκνὰdenseπυκνός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δρυμὰκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὕληνwoodlandὕλη · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to καὶ - 119
hurrying, sweating, before the mighty beast's onslaught—
Metre
σπεύδουσἱδρώουσα‖κραταιοῦθηρὸςὑφὁρμῆς
σπεύδουσhurryingσπεύδω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἤϊξεἱδρώουσαsweatingἱδρόω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to σπεύδουσ̓κραταιοῦmightyκραταιός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies θηρὸςθηρὸςbeast’sθήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ὁρμῆςὑφbeforeὑπό · prepositionprepositionὁρμῆςonslaughtὁρμή · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ὑφ̓ - 120
so no Trojan could ward destruction from those two,
Metre
ὣςἄρατοῖςοὔτις‖δύνατοχραισμῆσαιὄλεθρον
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to δύνατοἄραsoἄρα · particlesentence particleτοῖςthoseὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of χραισμῆσαιοὔnoοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιςTrojanτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δύνατοδύνατοcouldδύναμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχραισμῆσαιward offχραισμέω · aorist active infinitiveobject of δύνατοὄλεθρονdestructionὄλεθρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of χραισμῆσαι - 121
but they themselves fled before the Argives.
Metre
Τρώωνἀλλὰκαὶαὐτοὶ‖ὑπἈργείοισιφέβοντο
Τρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies τιςἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleαὐτοὶthey themselvesαὐτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementὑπbeforeὑπό · prepositionprepositionἈργείοισιthe ArgivesἈργεῖος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ὑπ̓φέβοντοfledφέβομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 122
Then Pisander and Hippolochus, steadfast in battle,
Metre
αὐτὰρὃΠείσανδρόν‖τεκαὶἹππόλοχονμενεχάρμην
αὐτὰρandἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectΠείσανδρόνPisanderΠείσανδρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἹππόλοχονHippolochusἹππόλοχος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶμενεχάρμηνsteadfast in battleμενεχάρμης · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἱππόλοχον - 123
sons of wise Antimachus, who above all,
Metre
υἱέαςἈντιμάχοιο‖δαΐφρονοςὅςῥαμάλιστα
υἱέαςsonsυἱός · accusative plural masculine nounobjectἈντιμάχοιοAntimachusἈντίμαχος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱέαςδαΐφρονοςwiseδαίφρων · genitive singular adjectivemodifies Ἀντιμάχοιοὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἴασχ̓ῥαsoἄρα · particlesentence particleμάλισταabove allμάλιστα · adverbadverbial to εἴασχ̓ - 124
having received gold from Paris, splendid gifts,
Metre
χρυσὸνἈλεξάνδροιο‖δεδεγμένοςἀγλαὰδῶρα
χρυσὸνgoldχρυσός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of δεδεγμένοςἈλεξάνδροιοParisἈλέξανδρος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies χρυσὸνδεδεγμένοςreceivedδέχομαι · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἴασχ̓ἀγλαὰsplendidἀγλαός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δῶραδῶραgiftsδῶρον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of δεδεγμένος - 125
would not allow Helen to be given back to golden-haired Menelaus—
Metre
οὐκεἴασχἙλένην‖δόμεναιξανθῷΜενελάῳ
οὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleεἴασχwould not allowἐάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἈντιμάχοιοἙλένηνHelenἙλένη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of δόμεναιδόμεναιto be givenδίδωμι · aorist active infinitiveobject of εἴασχ̓ξανθῷgolden-hairedξανθός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενελάῳΜενελάῳMenelausΜενέλαος · dative singular masculine nounobject of δόμεναι - 126
those two the lord Agamemnon seized
Metre
τοῦπερδὴδύοπαῖδε‖λάβεκρείωνἈγαμέμνων
τοῦthoseὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies παῖδεπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleδύοtwoδύο · numeralmodifies παῖδεπαῖδεsonsπαῖς · accusative dual masculine nounobject of λάβελάβεseizedλαμβάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκρείωνthe lordκρείων · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈγαμέμνωνἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of λάβε - 127
together in one chariot, both controlling the swift horses;
Metre
εἰνἑνὶδίφρῳἐόντας‖ὁμοῦἔχονὠκέαςἵππους
εἰνinἐν · prepositionprepositionἑνὶoneεἷς · dative singular masculine nounmodifies δίφρῳδίφρῳchariotδίφρος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to εἰνἐόνταςbeingεἰμί · present active participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complementὁμοῦtogetherὁμοῦ · adverbadverbial to ἔχονδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔχονcontrolledἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὠκέαςswiftὠκύς · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἔχον - 128
for the shining reins had slipped from their hands,
ἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleσφεαςtheirσφεῖς · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of φύγονχειρῶνhandsχείρ · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἐκφύγονslippedφεύγω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἡνίαreinsἡνία · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of φύγονσιγαλόενταshiningσιγαλόεις · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἡνία - 129
and the pair were thrown into confusion; he sprang against them like a lion,
Metre
τὼδὲκυκηθήτην‖ὃἐναντίονὦρτολέωνὣς
τὼthe pairὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of κυκηθήτηνδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκυκηθήτηνwere thrown confusedκυκάω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐναντίονface-to-faceἐναντίον · adverbadverbial to ὦρτοὦρτοsprangὄρνυμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbλέωνa lionλέων · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectὣςlikeὡς · adverbadverbial - 130
the son of Atreus; and from the chariot the two clasped his knees:
Metre
Ἀτρεΐδηςτὼαὖτ‖ἐκδίφρουγουναζέσθην
Ἀτρεΐδηςthe son of AtreusἈτρείδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectτὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of γουναζέσθηνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτthenαὖτε · adverbsentence particleἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionδίφρουchariotδίφρος · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐκγουναζέσθηνclasped his kneesγουνάζομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verb - 131
"Take me alive, son of Atreus, and accept a worthy ransom.
Metre
ζώγρειἈτρέοςυἱέ‖σὺἄξιαδέξαιἄποινα
ζώγρειtake me aliveζωγρέω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἈτρέοςof AtreusἈτρεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱέυἱέsonυἱός · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of δέξαιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄξιαworthyἄξιος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἄποιναδέξαιacceptδέχομαι · aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἄποιναransomἄποινα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of δέξαι - 132
Many treasures lie in Antimachus' house,
Metre
πολλὰἐνἈντιμάχοιο‖δόμοιςκειμήλιακεῖται
πολλὰmanyπολύς · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies κειμήλιαδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionἈντιμάχοιοAntimachusἈντίμαχος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies δόμοιςδόμοιςhouseδόμος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐνκειμήλιαtreasuresκειμήλιον · nominative plural neuter nounsubjectκεῖταιlieκεῖμαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 133
bronze and gold and iron wrought with toil.
Metre
χαλκόςτεχρυσός‖τεπολύκμητόςτεσίδηρος
χαλκόςbronzeχαλκός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleχρυσόςgoldχρυσός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleπολύκμητόςmuch-workedπολύκμητος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies σίδηροςτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordσίδηροςironσίδηρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τε - 134
From these my father would grant you boundless ransom
Metre
τῶνκέντοιχαρίσαιτο‖πατὴρἀπερείσιἄποινα
τῶνfrom theseὁ · genitive plural neuter pronounobject of χαρίσαιτοκένwouldἄν · particlesentence particleτοιyouσύ · dative singular pronounobject of χαρίσαιτοχαρίσαιτοgrantχαρίζομαι · aorist medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describingπατὴρmy fatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of χαρίσαιτοἀπερείσιboundlessἀπερείσιος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἄποιναἄποιναransomἄποινα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of χαρίσαιτο - 135
if he learned that we two were alive beside the ships of the Achaeans."
Metre
εἰνῶϊζωοὺς‖πεπύθοιτἐπὶνηυσὶνἈχαιῶν
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionνῶϊwe twoἐγώ · accusative dual masculine pronounobject of πεπύθοιτ̓ζωοὺςaliveζωός · accusative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπεπύθοιτhe heard ofπυνθάνομαι · aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἰἐπὶbesideἐπί · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶνthe shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounmodifies ἐπὶἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶν - 136
So the two, weeping, addressed the king
Metre
ὣςτώγεκλαίοντε‖προσαυδήτηνβασιλῆα
ὣςsoὡς · adverbsentence particleτώthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of προσαυδήτηνγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleκλαίοντεweepingκλαίω · present active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to προσαυδήτηνπροσαυδήτηνaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbβασιλῆαthe kingβασιλεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προσαυδήτην - 137
with gentle words; but a pitiless voice they heard:
μειλιχίοιςwith gentle wordsμειλίχιος · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἐπέεσσινἐπέεσσινwordsἔπος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to προσαυδήτηνἀμείλικτονpitilessἀμείλικτος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ὄπ̓δbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordὄπvoiceὄψ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἄκουσανἄκουσανheardἀκούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 138
"If indeed you are the sons of wise Antimachus,
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleἈντιμάχοιοAntimachusἈντίμαχος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱέεςδαΐφρονοςwiseδαίφρων · genitive singular adjectivemodifies Ἀντιμάχοιουἱέεςthe sonsυἱός · nominative plural masculine nounpredicate nounἐστόνyou areεἰμί · present active indicative, 2nd dual verbadverbial to εἰ - 139
who once in the assembly of the Trojans urged that Menelaus,
Metre
ὅςποτἐνὶΤρώων‖ἀγορῇΜενέλαονἄνωγεν
ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἄνωγενποτonceποτέ · particleadverbial to ἄνωγενἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies ἀγορῇἀγορῇassemblyἀγορά · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνὶΜενέλαονMenelausΜενέλαος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of δ̓ἄνωγενurgedἄνωγα · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἀντιμάχοιο - 140
when he came as an envoy with godlike Odysseus,
Metre
ἀγγελίηνἐλθόντα‖σὺνἀντιθέῳὈδυσῆϊ
ἀγγελίηνas a messengerἀγγελία · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐλθόνταἐλθόνταcomingἔρχομαι · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementσὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionἀντιθέῳgodlikeἀντίθεος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσῆϊὈδυσῆϊwith OdysseusὈδυσσεύς · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to σὺν - 141
be killed there and not sent back again to the Achaeans,
Metre
αὖθικατακτεῖναι‖μηδἐξέμενἂψἐςἈχαιούς
αὖθιthereαὖθι · adverbadverbial to κατακτεῖναικατακτεῖναιto kill himκατακτείνω · aorist active infinitiveobject of δ̓ἐξέμενsent backἐξίημι · aorist active infinitiveobject of δ̓ἂψback againἄψ · adverbadverbial to ἐξέμενἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἈχαιούςthe AchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐς - 142
now you shall pay for your father's shameful outrage."
Metre
νῦνμὲνδὴτοῦπατρὸς‖ἀεικέατίσετελώβην
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to τίσετεμὲνnowμέν · particlesentence particleδὴnowδή · particlesentence particleτοῦtheὁ · genitive singular masculine articlemodifies πατρὸςπατρὸςfatherπατήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies λώβηνἀεικέαshamefulἀεικής · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies λώβηντίσετεshall payτίνω · future active indicative, 2nd plural verbmain verbλώβηνoutrageλώβη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of τίσετε - 143
He spoke, and thrust Pisander down from the chariot to the ground,
Metre
ἦκαὶΠείσανδρον‖μὲνἀφἵππωνὦσεχαμᾶζε
ἦhe spokeἠμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΠείσανδρονPisanderΠείσανδρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὦσεμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἀφfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionἵππωνchariotἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἀφ̓ὦσεthrustὠθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχαμᾶζεto the groundχαμᾶζε · adverbobject of ὦσε - 144
striking him in the chest with his spear; he fell back upon the earth.
Metre
δουρὶβαλὼνπρὸςστῆθος‖ὃὕπτιοςοὔδειἐρείσθη
δουρὶwith his spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to βαλὼνβαλὼνstrikingβάλλω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὦσεπρὸςinπρός · prepositionprepositionστῆθοςchestστῆθος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of πρὸςὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐρείσθηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὕπτιοςbackward, on his backὕπτιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementοὔδειearthοὖδας · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἐρείσθηἐρείσθηfell backἐρείδω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 145
Hippolochus leapt down; him again he slew on the ground,
ἹππόλοχοςHippolochusἹππόλοχος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπόρουσεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἀπόρουσεsprang downἀπορούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐξενάριξεαὖagainαὖ · adverbsentence particleχαμαὶon the groundχαμαί · adverbadverbial to ἐξενάριξεἐξενάριξεslewἐξεναρίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἱππόλοχος - 146
cutting off his hands with the sword and striking off his head,
Metre
χεῖραςἀπὸξίφεϊ‖τμήξαςἀπόαὐχένακόψας
χεῖραςhandsχείρ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of τμήξαςἀπὸoffἀπό · prepositionemphasizing particleξίφεϊswordξίφος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to τμήξαςτμήξαςcutting offτμήγω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to τ̓ἀπόoffἀπό · prepositionemphasizing particleτandτε · particlecoordinating wordαὐχέναthe neckαὐχήν · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κόψαςκόψαςstriking offκόπτω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to τ̓ - 147
and sent him rolling like a log through the throng.
ὅλμονlogὅλμος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὣςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialἔσσευεsentσεύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκυλίνδεσθαιrollingκυλίνδω · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἔσσευεδιthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionὁμίλουthe throngὅμιλος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of δἰ - 148
He left them; then where the battalions were driven thickest,
Metre
τοὺςμὲνἔασὃὅθι‖πλεῖσταικλονέοντοφάλαγγες
τοὺςthemὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ἔασ̓μὲνthenμέν · particlesentence particleἔασleftἐάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐνόρουσ̓δthenδέ · particlesentence particleὅθιwhereὅθι · adverbadverbial to κλονέοντοπλεῖσταιmost thicklyπλεῖστος · nominative plural feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementκλονέοντοwere in turmoilκλονέω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing τῇφάλαγγεςbattalionsφάλαγξ · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of κλονέοντο - 149
there he leapt in, and with him the other well-greaved Achaeans.
Metre
τῇἐνόρουσἅμαἄλλοι‖ἐϋκνήμιδεςἈχαιοί
τῇthereτῇ · adverbadverbial to ἐνόρουσ̓ῥthenἆρα · particlesentence particleἐνόρουσleapt inἐνορούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἅμαwith himἅμα · adverbadverbialδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄλλοιthe otherἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχαιοίἐϋκνήμιδεςwell-greavedἐυκνήμις · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχαιοίἈχαιοίAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject - 150
Footmen killed footmen fleeing under compulsion,
Metre
πεζοὶμὲνπεζοὺς‖ὄλεκονφεύγονταςἀνάγκῃ
πεζοὶfootmenπεζός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ὄλεκονμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleπεζοὺςfootmenπεζός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ὄλεκονὄλεκονkilledὀλέκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbφεύγονταςfleeingφεύγω · present active participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complementἀνάγκῃby forceἀνάγκη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to φεύγοντας - 151
horsemen killed horsemen; beneath them dust rose
Metre
ἱππεῖςἱππῆας‖ὑπὸδέσφισινὦρτοκονίη
ἱππεῖςhorsemenἱππεύς · nominative plural masculine nounsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἱππῆαςhorsemenἱππεύς · accusative plural masculine nounobjectὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσφισινthemσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to ὑπὸὦρτοroseὄρνυμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκονίηdustκονία · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ὦρτο - 152
from the plain, raised by the thunderous hooves of horses,
Metre
ἐκπεδίουτὴνὦρσαν‖ἐρίγδουποιπόδεςἵππων
ἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπεδίουthe plainπεδίον · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies ἐκτὴνthe dustὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ὦρσανὦρσανraisedὄρνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing κονίηἐρίγδουποιloud-thunderingἐρίγδουπος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies πόδεςπόδεςhoovesπούς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ὦρσανἵππωνof horsesἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies πόδες - 153
as the men laid waste with bronze; but the lord Agamemnon
Metre
χαλκῷδηϊόωντες‖ἀτὰρκρείωνἈγαμέμνων
χαλκῷwith bronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to δηϊόωντεςδηϊόωντεςlaying wasteδηιόω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ὦρσανἀτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleκρείωνthe lordκρείων · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈγαμέμνωνἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἕπετ̓ - 154
followed, ever killing, and urged on the Argives.
Metre
αἰὲνἀποκτείνων‖ἕπετἈργείοισικελεύων
αἰὲνeverἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἀποκτείνωνἀποκτείνωνkillingἀποκτείνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἕπετ̓ἕπετfollowedἕπομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈργείοισιthe ArgivesἈργεῖος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of κελεύωνκελεύωνurging onκελεύω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἕπετ̓ - 155
As when consuming fire falls upon an uncut forest,
Metre
ὡςὅτεπῦρἀΐδηλον‖ἐνἀξύλῳἐμπέσῃὕλῃ
ὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialδwhenδέ · particlesentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπῦρfireπῦρ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἐμπέσῃἀΐδηλονconsumingἀίδηλος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πῦρἐνuponἐν · prepositionprepositionἀξύλῳuncutἄξυλος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ὕλῃἐμπέσῃfalls uponἐμπίπτω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to τεὕλῃforestὕλη · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐν - 156
and the wind, veering everywhere, carries it on, and the thickets
Metre
πάντῃεἰλυφόων‖ἄνεμοςφέρειοἳδέτεθάμνοι
πάντῃeverywhereπάντῃ · adverbobject of φέρειτandτε · particlesentence particleεἰλυφόωνveeringεἰλυφάζω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to φέρειἄνεμοςthe windἄνεμος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of φέρειφέρειcarriesφέρω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to τεοἳtheὁ · nominative plural masculine articlemodifies θάμνοιδέandδέ · particleemphasizing particleτεandτε · particleundefinedθάμνοιthicketsθάμνος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of πίπτουσιν - 157
fall root and branch, beaten down by the fire's assault,
Metre
πρόρριζοιπίπτουσιν‖ἐπειγόμενοιπυρὸςὁρμῇ
πρόρριζοιroot and branchπρόρριζος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπίπτουσινfallπίπτω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to τεἐπειγόμενοιdriven onwardἐπείγω · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to πίπτουσινπυρὸςfireπῦρ · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies ὁρμῇὁρμῇassaultὁρμή · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπειγόμενοι - 158
so beneath Atreus' son Agamemnon fell the heads
Metre
ὣςἄρὑπἈτρεΐδῃ‖Ἀγαμέμνονιπῖπτεκάρηνα
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to δ̓ἄρsoἄρα · particlesentence particleὑπbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionἈτρεΐδῃAtreus' sonἈτρείδης · dative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈγαμέμνονιἈγαμέμνονιAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · dative singular masculine nounobject of ὑπ̓πῖπτεfellπίπτω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκάρηναheadsκάρηνον · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of πῖπτε - 159
of fleeing Trojans, and many high-necked horses
Metre
Τρώωνφευγόντων‖πολλοὶἐριαύχενεςἵπποι
Τρώωνof TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies κάρηναφευγόντωνfleeingφεύγω · present active participle, genitive plural masculinecircumstantial complementπολλοὶmanyπολύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵπποιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐριαύχενεςhigh-neckedἐριαύχην · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵπποιἵπποιhorsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of κροτάλιζον - 160
rattled empty chariots along the causeways of battle,
Metre
κείνὄχεακροτάλιζον‖ἀνὰπτολέμοιογεφύρας
κείνemptyκει~νος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ὄχεαὄχεαchariotsὄχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of κροτάλιζονκροτάλιζονrattledκροταλίζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀνὰalongἀνά · prepositionprepositionπτολέμοιοof battleπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies γεφύραςγεφύραςcausewaysγέφυρα · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἀνὰ - 161
longing for their blameless charioteers; but they upon the ground
Metre
ἡνιόχουςποθέοντες‖ἀμύμοναςοἳἐπὶγαίῃ
ἡνιόχουςcharioteersἡνίοχος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ποθέοντεςποθέοντεςlonging forποθέω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to κροτάλιζονἀμύμοναςblamelessἀμύμων · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἡνιόχουςοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of κείατοδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionγαίῃupon the groundγαῖα · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπὶ - 162
lay, far dearer to vultures than to their wives.
Metre
κείατογύπεσσιν‖πολὺφίλτεροιἢἀλόχοισιν
κείατοlayκεῖμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbγύπεσσινvulturesγύψ · dative plural masculine nounobject of φίλτεροιπολὺfarπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveemphasizing particleφίλτεροιdearerφίλτερος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἢthanἤ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἀλόχοισινwivesἄλοχος · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἢ - 163
But Zeus led Hector out of the missiles and the dust,
Metre
Ἕκτοραἐκβελέων‖ὕπαγεΖεὺςἔκτεκονίης
ἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὕπαγεδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐκout ofἐκ · prepositionprepositionβελέωνmissilesβέλος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἐκὕπαγεled awayὑπάγω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὕπαγεἔκout ofἐκ · prepositionprepositionτεandτε · particlesentence particleκονίηςthe dustκονία · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἔκ - 164
out of the slaughter of men, the blood, and the battle-din;
ἔκout ofἐκ · prepositionprepositionτandτε · particlesentence particleἀνδροκτασίηςslaughterἀνδροκτασία · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἔκἔκout ofἐκ · prepositionprepositionθandτε · particlesentence particleαἵματοςbloodαἷμα · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἔκἔκout ofἐκ · prepositionprepositionτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordκυδοιμοῦbattle-dinκυδοιμός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἔκ - 165
and the son of Atreus followed, fiercely urging on the Danaans.
Metre
Ἀτρεΐδηςἕπετο‖σφεδανὸνΔαναοῖσικελεύων
Ἀτρεΐδηςthe son of AtreusἈτρείδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἕπετοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἕπετοfollowedἕπομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbσφεδανὸνfiercelyσφεδανός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to κελεύωνΔαναοῖσιthe DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject of κελεύωνκελεύωνurging onκελεύω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἕπετο - 166
Past the tomb of old Ilus, son of Dardanus,
Metre
οἳδὲπαρἼλουσῆμα‖παλαιοῦΔαρδανίδαο
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐσσεύοντοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπαρpastπαρά · prepositionprepositionἼλουof IlusἾλος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies σῆμασῆμαthe tombσῆμα · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to παῤπαλαιοῦoldπαλαιός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἼλουΔαρδανίδαοson of DardanusΔαρδανίδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Ἴλου - 167
across the middle of the plain, past the fig tree, they rushed,
Metre
μέσσονκὰππεδίον‖παρἐρινεὸνἐσσεύοντο
μέσσονthe middleμέσος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πεδίονκὰπacrossκατά · prepositionprepositionπεδίονthe plainπεδίον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of κὰππαρpastπαρά · prepositionprepositionἐρινεὸνthe fig treeἐρινεός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to παῤἐσσεύοντοthey rushedσεύω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 168
straining for the city; and he followed always, shouting,
ἱέμενοιstraining forἵημι · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐσσεύοντοπόλιοςthe cityπόλις · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἱέμενοιὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleκεκλήγωνshouting aloudκλάζω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἕπετ̓ἕπετfollowedἕπομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαἰεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἕπετ̓ - 169
the son of Atreus, his irresistible hands splashed with gore.
Metre
Ἀτρεΐδηςλύθρῳ‖δὲπαλάσσετοχεῖραςἀάπτους
Ἀτρεΐδηςson of AtreusἈτρείδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectλύθρῳgoreλύθρον · dative singular masculine nounobject of παλάσσετοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπαλάσσετοwas splashedπαλάσσω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχεῖραςhis handsχείρ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of παλάσσετοἀάπτουςirresistibleἄαπτος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies χεῖρας - 170
But when they reached the Scaean gates and the oak tree,
Metre
ἀλλὅτεδὴΣκαιάς‖τεπύλαςκαὶφηγὸνἵκοντο
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴand nowδή · particlesentence particleΣκαιάςScaeanΣκαιαί · accusative plural feminine nounmodifies πύλαςτεandτε · particlesentence particleπύλαςgatesπύλη · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordφηγὸνoak treeφηγός · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶἵκοντοthey reachedἱκνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὅτε - 171
there at last they stood and waited for one another.
Metre
ἔνθἄραδὴἵσταντο‖καὶἀλλήλουςἀνέμιμνον
ἔνθthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἵσταντοἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleδὴat lastδή · particlesentence particleἵσταντοthey stoodἵστημι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀλλήλουςone anotherἀλλήλων · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἀνέμιμνονἀνέμιμνονwaited forἀναμίμνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 172
Others still fled down the middle of the plain like cattle,
οἳothersὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of φοβέοντοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔτιstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to φοβέοντοκὰμdownκατά · prepositionprepositionμέσσονthe middleμέσος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πεδίονπεδίονthe plainπεδίον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of κὰμφοβέοντοwere fleeingφοβέω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbβόεςcattleβοῦς · nominative plural feminine nounsubjectὥςlikeὡς · adverbadverbial - 173
a whole herd a lion has scattered, coming in the dead of night;
Metre
ἅςτελέωνἐφόβησε‖μολὼνἐννυκτὸςἀμολγῷ
ἅςwhichὅς · accusative plural feminine pronounobject of ἐφόβησετεasτε · particlesentence particleλέωνa lionλέων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐφόβησεἐφόβησεscatteredφοβέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing βόεςμολὼνcomingβλώσκω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐφόβησεἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionνυκτὸςnightνύξ · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἀμολγῷἀμολγῷdead of nightἀμολγός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐν - 174
but for one cow sheer destruction comes into view.
Metre
πάσαςτῇδέἰῇ‖ἀναφαίνεταιαἰπὺςὄλεθρος
πάσαςallπᾶς · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἅςτῇone cowὁ · dative singular feminine pronounobject of ἀναφαίνεταιδέbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordτindeedτε · particlesentence particleἰῇoneεἷς · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies τῇἀναφαίνεταιcomes into viewἀναφαίνω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαἰπὺςsheerαἰπύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὄλεθροςὄλεθροςdestructionὄλεθρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀναφαίνεται - 175
Seizing her, he first breaks her neck with his strong teeth,
Metre
τῆςἐξαὐχένἔαξε‖λαβὼνκρατεροῖσινὀδοῦσι
τῆςherὁ · genitive singular feminine pronounmodifies αὐχέν̓δthenδέ · particlesentence particleἐξutterlyἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleαὐχένneckαὐχήν · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔαξεἔαξεbreaksἄγνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbλαβὼνseizingλαμβάνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔαξεκρατεροῖσινstrongκρατερός · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ὀδοῦσιὀδοῦσιteethὀδών · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to λαβὼν - 176
then gulps down all her blood and entrails;
Metre
πρῶτονἔπειταδέαἷμα‖καὶἔγκαταπάνταλαφύσσει
πρῶτονfirstπρῶτος · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to λαφύσσειδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordθandτε · particlesentence particleαἷμαbloodαἷμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἔγκαταentrailsἔγκατα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶπάνταallπᾶς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγκαταλαφύσσειgulps downλαφύσσω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 177
so the son of Atreus, the lord Agamemnon, pursued them,
Metre
ὣςτοὺςἈτρεΐδης‖ἔφεπεκρείωνἈγαμέμνων
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφεπετοὺςthemὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ἔφεπεἈτρεΐδηςson of AtreusἈτρείδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγαμέμνωνἔφεπεpursuedἐφέπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκρείωνthe lordκρείων · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈγαμέμνωνἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔφεπε - 178
always killing the hindmost man, while the rest fled on.
Metre
αἰὲνἀποκτείνων‖τὸνὀπίστατονοἳἐφέβοντο
αἰὲνalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἀποκτείνωνἀποκτείνωνkillingἀποκτείνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔφεπετὸνtheὁ · accusative singular masculine articlemodifies ὀπίστατονὀπίστατονhindmostὀπίστατος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἀποκτείνωνοἳthe restὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐφέβοντοδwhileδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐφέβοντοfledφέβομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 179
Many fell headlong or backward from their chariots
Metre
πολλοὶδὲπρηνεῖς‖τεκαὶὕπτιοιἔκπεσονἵππων
πολλοὶmanyπολύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἔκπεσονδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπρηνεῖςheadlongπρηνής · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementτεorτε · particlesentence particleκαὶorκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὕπτιοιbackwardὕπτιος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔκπεσονfellἐκπίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἵππωνchariotsἵππος · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἔκπεσον - 180
beneath the son of Atreus' hands, for his spear raged far before him.
Ἀτρεΐδεωthe son of AtreusἈτρείδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies χερσίὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionχερσίhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ὑπὸπερὶfarπερί · adverbadverbial to θῦενπρὸbeforeπρό · adverbemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἔγχεϊspearἔγχος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to θῦενθῦενragedθύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 181
But when he was soon to come beneath the city and its steep wall,
Metre
ἀλλὅτεδὴτάχἔμελλεν‖ὑπὸπτόλιναἰπύτετεῖχος
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴsoonδή · particlesentence particleτάχsoonτάχα · adverbadverbial to ἔμελλενἔμελλενwas about toμέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτεὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionπτόλινthe cityπόλις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of τεαἰπύsteepαἰπύς · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τεῖχοςτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordτεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of τε - 182
then the father of men and gods
Metre
ἵξεσθαιτότεδή‖ῥαπατὴρἀνδρῶντεθεῶντε
ἵξεσθαιwould comeἱκνέομαι · future middle infinitiveobject of ἔμελλεντότεthenτότε · adverbadverbial to καθέζετοδήthenδή · particlesentence particleῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleπατὴρfatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καθέζετοἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τετεandτε · particlesentence particleθεῶνgodsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 183
sat upon the peaks of many-springed Ida,
Metre
Ἴδηςἐνκορυφῇσι‖καθέζετοπιδηέσσης
ἼδηςIdaἼδη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies κορυφῇσιἐνuponἐν · prepositionprepositionκορυφῇσιthe peaksκορυφή · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνκαθέζετοsatκαθέζομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπιδηέσσηςmany-springedπιδήεις · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἴδης - 184
having come down from heaven, and held the lightning in his hands.
Metre
οὐρανόθενκαταβάς‖ἔχεἀστεροπὴνμετὰχερσίν
οὐρανόθενfrom heavenοὐρανόθεν · adverbobject of καταβάςκαταβάςhaving come downκαταβαίνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to καθέζετοἔχεheldἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀστεροπὴνlightningἀστεροπή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔχεμετὰinμετά · prepositionprepositionχερσίνin his handsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of μετὰ - 185
and urged golden-winged Iris to carry his message:
Metre
Ἶρινὄτρυνε‖χρυσόπτερονἀγγελέουσαν
ἾρινIrisἾρις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ὄτρυνεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὄτρυνεurgedὀτρύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχρυσόπτερονgold-wingedχρυσόπτερος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἶρινἀγγελέουσανcarry his messageἀγγέλλω · future active participle, accusative singular femininecircumstantial complement - 186
"Go now, swift Iris, and tell this message to Hector:
Metre
βάσκἴθιἾριταχεῖα‖τὸνἝκτοριμῦθονἐνίσπες
βάσκgoβάσκω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἴθιgoεἶμι · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἾριIrisἾρις · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided headταχεῖαswiftταχύς · vocative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἶριτὸνthisὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounmodifies μῦθονἝκτοριto HectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐνίσπεςμῦθονmessageμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐνίσπεςἐνίσπεςtellἐνέπω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 187
as long as he sees Agamemnon, shepherd of the people,
Metre
ὄφρἂνμένκενὁρᾷ‖Ἀγαμέμνοναποιμέναλαῶν
ὄφρas long asὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἂνas long asἄν · particlesentence particleμένon the one handμέν · particlesentence particleκενmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleὁρᾷseesὁράω · present medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ὄφῤἈγαμέμνοναAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὁρᾷποιμέναshepherdποιμήν · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγαμέμνοναλαῶνof the peopleλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ποιμένα - 188
raging among the front ranks and slaying ranks of men,
Metre
θύνοντἐνπρομάχοισιν‖ἐναίρονταστίχαςἀνδρῶν
θύνοντchargingθύνω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἐνamongἐν · prepositionprepositionπρομάχοισινfront ranksπρόμαχος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐνἐναίρονταslayingἐναίρω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementστίχαςranksστίξ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐναίρονταἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies στίχας - 189
so long let him withdraw, but command the rest of the host
τόφρso longτόφρα · adverbadverbial to ἀναχωρείτωἀναχωρείτωlet him fall backἀναχωρέω · present active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτὸνtheὁ · accusative singular masculine articlemodifies λαὸνδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄλλονthe restἄλλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies λαὸνλαὸνthe hostλαός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀνώχθωἀνώχθωcommandἄνωγα · perfect active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 190
to fight their foes throughout the mighty combat.
Metre
μάρνασθαιδηΐοισι‖κατὰκρατερὴνὑσμίνην
μάρνασθαιto fightμάρναμαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἀνώχθωδηΐοισιto their enemiesδάιος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of μάρνασθαικατὰthroughoutκατά · prepositionprepositionκρατερὴνmightyκρατερός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ὑσμίνηνὑσμίνηνcombatὑσμίνη · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to κατὰ - 191
But when, struck by a spear or hit by an arrow,
Metre
αὐτὰρἐπείἢδουρὶ‖τυπεὶςἢβλήμενοςἰῷ
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐπείwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκwouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleἢorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleδουρὶspearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to τυπεὶςτυπεὶςstruckτύπτω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἢἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordβλήμενοςstruckβάλλω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἢἰῷarrowἰός · dative singular masculine nounobject of βλήμενος - 192
he leaps into his chariot, then I shall grant Hector strength
Metre
εἰςἵππουςἅλεται‖τότεοἱκράτοςἐγγυαλίξω
εἰςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἵππουςchariotἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of εἰςἅλεταιhe leapsἅλλομαι · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπείτότεthenτότε · adverbadverbial to ἐγγυαλίξωοἱto himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐγγυαλίξωκράτοςstrengthκράτος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐγγυαλίξωἐγγυαλίξωshall grantἐγγυαλίζω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 193
to kill until he reaches the well-benched ships
Metre
κτείνεινεἰςὅκενῆας‖ἐϋσσέλμουςἀφίκηται
κτείνεινto killκτείνω · present active infinitivemodifies κράτοςεἰςuntilεἰς · prepositionprepositionὅwhichὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to καὶκεmayἄν · particlesentence particleνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἀφίκηταιἐϋσσέλμουςwell-benchedεὔσελμος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςἀφίκηταιhe reachesἀφικνέομαι · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶ - 194
and the sun goes down and sacred darkness comes on."
Metre
δύῃἠέλιος‖καὶἐπὶκνέφαςἱερὸνἔλθῃ
δύῃgoes downδύω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶτandτε · particlesentence particleἠέλιοςthe sunἠέλιος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δύῃκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleκνέφαςdarknessκνέφας · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔλθῃἱερὸνsacredἱερός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κνέφαςἔλθῃcomesἔρχομαι · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶ - 195
So he spoke, and wind-footed swift Iris did not disobey,
Metre
ὣςἔφατοὐδἀπίθησε‖ποδήνεμοςὠκέαἾρις
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀπίθησεdid not disobeyἀπιθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbποδήνεμοςwind-footedποδήνεμος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἶριςὠκέαswiftὠκύς · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἾριςἾριςIrisἾρις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἀπίθησε - 196
but went down from the mountains of Ida to sacred Ilion.
Metre
βῆδὲκατἸδαίων‖ὀρέωνεἰςἼλιονἱρήν
βῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordκατdown fromκατά · prepositionprepositionἸδαίωνof IdaἸδαῖος · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies ὀρέωνὀρέωνmountainsὄρος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of κατ̓εἰςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἼλιονIlionἼλιος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἰςἱρήνsacredἱρός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἴλιον - 197
She found the son of wise Priam, godlike Hector,
Metre
εὗρυἱὸνΠριάμοιο‖δαΐφρονοςἝκτοραδῖον
εὗρshe foundεὑρίσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbυἱὸνthe sonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectΠριάμοιοof PriamΠρίαμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνδαΐφρονοςwiseδαίφρων · genitive singular adjectivemodifies ΠριάμοιοἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobjectδῖονgodlikeδῖος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτορα - 198
standing among his horses and well-jointed chariots;
ἑσταότstandingἵστημι · perfect active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἔνamongἐν · prepositionprepositionθandτε · particlesentence particleἵπποισιhorsesἵππος · dative plural masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἅρμασιchariotsἅρμα · dative plural neuter nounobject of καὶκολλητοῖσινwell-jointedκολλητός · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἅρμασι - 199
Standing close by, swift-footed Iris spoke to him:
Metre
ἀγχοῦἱσταμένη‖προσέφηπόδαςὠκέαἾρις
ἀγχοῦclose byἀγχοῦ · adverbadverbial to ἱσταμένηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἱσταμένηstandingἵστημι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηspoke toπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπόδαςfootedπούς · accusative plural masculine nounmodifies ὠκέαὠκέαswiftὠκύς · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἾριςἾριςIrisἾρις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of προσέφη - 200
"Hector, son of Priam, the equal of Zeus in counsel,
Metre
ἝκτορυἱὲΠριάμοιο‖Διὶμῆτινἀτάλαντε
ἝκτορHectorἝκτωρ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headυἱὲsonυἱός · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headΠριάμοιοof PriamΠρίαμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὲΔιὶof ZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounmodifies ἀτάλαντεμῆτινin counselμῆτις · accusative singular feminine nounmodifies ἀτάλαντεἀτάλαντεthe equalἀτάλαντος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτορ - 201
father Zeus sent me to tell you this:
Metre
Ζεύςμεπατὴρπροέηκε‖τεῒντάδεμυθήσασθαι
ΖεύςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of προέηκεπατὴρfatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ζεύςπροέηκεsentπροίημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτεῒνyouσύ · dative singular pronounobject of μυθήσασθαιτάδεthisὅδε · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of μυθήσασθαιμυθήσασθαιto tellμυθέομαι · aorist medio-passive infinitiveadverbial to προέηκε - 202
as long as you see Agamemnon, shepherd of the people,
Metre
ὄφρἂνμένκενὁρᾷς‖Ἀγαμέμνοναποιμέναλαῶν
ὄφρas long asὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἂνeverἄν · particleemphasizing particleμένon the one handμέν · particlesentence particleκενmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleὁρᾷςyou seeὁράω · present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ὄφῤἈγαμέμνοναAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · accusative singular masculine nounobjectποιμέναshepherdποιμήν · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγαμέμνοναλαῶνof the peopleλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ποιμένα - 203
raging among the front ranks and slaying ranks of men,
Metre
θύνοντἐνπρομάχοισιν‖ἐναίρονταστίχαςἀνδρῶν
θύνοντchargingθύνω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἐνamongἐν · prepositionprepositionπρομάχοισινfront ranksπρόμαχος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐνἐναίρονταslayingἐναίρω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementστίχαςranksστίξ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐναίρονταἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies στίχας - 204
so long give ground from battle, but command the rest of the host
τόφρso longτόφρα · adverbadverbial to δ̓ὑπόεικεgive groundὑπείκω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbμάχηςbattleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ὑπόεικετὸνtheὁ · accusative singular masculine articlemodifies λαὸνδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄλλονthe restἄλλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies λαὸνλαὸνthe hostλαός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἄνωχθιἄνωχθιcommandἄνωγα · perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 205
to fight their foes throughout the mighty combat.
Metre
μάρνασθαιδηΐοισι‖κατὰκρατερὴνὑσμίνην
μάρνασθαιto fightμάρναμαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἄνωχθιδηΐοισιto their enemiesδάιος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of μάρνασθαικατὰthroughoutκατά · prepositionprepositionκρατερὴνmightyκρατερός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ὑσμίνηνὑσμίνηνcombatὑσμίνη · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to κατὰ - 206
But when, struck by a spear or hit by an arrow,
Metre
αὐτὰρἐπείἢδουρὶ‖τυπεὶςἢβλήμενοςἰῷ
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐπείwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκshouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleἢorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleδουρὶspearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to τυπεὶςτυπεὶςstruckτύπτω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἢἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordβλήμενοςstruckβάλλω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἢἰῷarrowἰός · dative singular masculine nounobject of βλήμενος - 207
he leaps into his chariot, then Zeus will grant you strength
Metre
εἰςἵππουςἅλεται‖τότετοικράτοςἐγγυαλίξει
εἰςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἵππουςchariotἵππος · accusative plural feminine nounobject of εἰςἅλεταιhe leapsἅλλομαι · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπείτότεthenτότε · adverbadverbial to ἐγγυαλίξειτοιyouσύ · dative singular pronounobject of ἐγγυαλίξεικράτοςstrengthκράτος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐγγυαλίξειἐγγυαλίξειwill grantἐγγυαλίζω · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 208
to kill until you reach the well-benched ships
Metre
κτείνεινεἰςὅκενῆας‖ἐϋσσέλμουςἀφίκηαι
κτείνεινto killκτείνω · present active infinitivemodifies κράτοςεἰςuntilεἰς · prepositionprepositionὅwhichὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to καὶκεmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἀφίκηαιἐϋσσέλμουςwell-benchedεὔσελμος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςἀφίκηαιyou reachἀφικνέομαι · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to καὶ - 209
and the sun goes down and sacred darkness comes on."
Metre
δύῃἠέλιος‖καὶἐπὶκνέφαςἱερὸνἔλθῃ
δύῃgoes downδύη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to καὶτandτε · particlesentence particleἠέλιοςthe sunἠέλιος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δύῃκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleκνέφαςdarknessκνέφας · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔλθῃἱερὸνsacredἱερός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κνέφαςἔλθῃcomesἔρχομαι · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶ - 210
So speaking, swift-footed Iris departed,
Metre
ἣμὲνἄρὣςεἰποῦσ‖ἀπέβηπόδαςὠκέαἾρις
ἣsheὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubjectμὲνthenμέν · particlesentence particleἄρsoἄρα · particlesentence particleὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰποῦσ̓εἰποῦσspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative plural feminineadverbial to ἀπέβηἀπέβηdepartedἀποβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπόδαςfootedπούς · accusative plural masculine nounmodifies ὠκέαὠκέαswiftὠκύς · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἾριςἾριςIrisἾρις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject - 211
and Hector leapt from his chariot to the ground in his armor,
Metre
Ἕκτωρἐξὀχέων‖σὺντεύχεσινἆλτοχαμᾶζε
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἆλτοδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionὀχέωνhis chariotὄχος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἐξσὺνinσύν · prepositionprepositionτεύχεσινin his armorτεῦχος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to σὺνἆλτοleaptἅλλομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχαμᾶζεto the groundχαμᾶζε · adverbobject of ἆλτο - 212
and, brandishing his sharp spears, went everywhere through the army,
Metre
πάλλωνὀξέαδοῦρα‖κατὰστρατὸνᾤχετοπάντῃ
πάλλωνbrandishingπάλλω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ᾤχετοδandδέ · particlesentence particleὀξέαsharpὀξύς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δοῦραδοῦραspearsδόρυ · accusative plural neuter nounobject of πάλλωνκατὰthroughκατά · prepositionprepositionστρατὸνthe armyστρατός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κατὰᾤχετοwentοἴχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπάντῃeverywhereπάντῃ · adverbobject of ᾤχετο - 213
urging them to fight, and stirred the dreadful din of battle.
Metre
ὀτρύνωνμαχέσασθαι‖ἔγειρεδὲφύλοπιναἰνήν
ὀτρύνωνurgingὀτρύνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ᾤχετομαχέσασθαιto fightμάχομαι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of ὀτρύνωνἔγειρεstirredἐγείρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordφύλοπινbattle-dinφύλοπις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔγειρεαἰνήνdreadfulαἰνός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies φύλοπιν - 214
They wheeled about and stood facing the Achaeans;
Metre
οἳἐλελίχθησαν‖καὶἐναντίοιἔστανἈχαιῶν
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of καὶδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐλελίχθησανwheeled aboutἐλελίζω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐναντίοιfacingἐναντίος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔστανstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἈχαιῶνthe AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἐναντίοι - 215
and the Argives on the other side strengthened their battalions.
Metre
Ἀργεῖοιἑτέρωθεν‖ἐκαρτύναντοφάλαγγας
Ἀργεῖοιthe ArgivesἈργεῖος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἐκαρτύναντοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἑτέρωθενon the other sideἑτέρωθεν · adverbadverbial to ἐκαρτύναντοἐκαρτύναντοstrengthenedκρατύνω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbφάλαγγαςbattalionsφάλαγξ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐκαρτύναντο - 216
Battle was arrayed, and they stood opposed; among them Agamemnon
ἀρτύνθηwas arrayedἀρτύνω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleμάχηbattleμάχη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἀρτύνθηστὰνstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀντίοιopposedἀντίος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐνamong themἐν · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlesentence particleἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὄρουσ̓ - 217
sprang first, for he wished to fight far ahead of all.
Metre
πρῶτοςὄρουσἔθελεν‖δὲπολὺπρομάχεσθαιἁπάντων
πρῶτοςfirstπρῶτος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementὄρουσleaptὀρούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔθελενwishedἐθέλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲforδέ · particlecoordinating wordπολὺfarπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to προμάχεσθαιπρομάχεσθαιto fight in frontπρομάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἔθελενἁπάντωνof allἅπας · genitive plural masculine adjectiveobject of προμάχεσθαι - 218
Tell me now, Muses, who hold your homes on Olympus —
Metre
ἔσπετενῦνμοιΜοῦσαι‖Ὀλύμπιαδώματἔχουσαι
ἔσπετεtell meεἶπον · aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἔσπετεμοιmeἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔσπετεΜοῦσαιMusesΜοῦσα · vocative plural feminine noungoverned by an elided headὈλύμπιαof OlympusὈλύμπιος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δώματ̓δώματhomesδῶμα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔχουσαιἔχουσαιwho holdἔχω · present active participle, vocative plural femininemodifies Μοῦσαι - 219
who first came against Agamemnon,
ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἦλθεντιςwhoτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies ὅςδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleπρῶτοςfirstπρῶτος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἈγαμέμνονοςAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀντίονἀντίονagainstἀντίος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveprepositionἦλθενcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of ἔσπετε - 220
whether one of the Trojans themselves or of their famous allies.
Metre
ἢαὐτῶνΤρώων‖ἠὲκλειτῶνἐπικούρων
ἢorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleαὐτῶνthemselvesαὐτός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ΤρώωνΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἠὲἠὲorἠέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκλειτῶνfamousκλειτός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἐπικούρωνἐπικούρωνalliesἐπίκουρος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἠὲ - 221
It was Iphidamas, son of Antenor, both noble and tall,
Metre
ἸφιδάμαςἈντηνορίδης‖ἠΰςτεμέγαςτε
ἸφιδάμαςIphidamasἸφιδάμας · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἈντηνορίδηςson of AntenorἈντηνορίδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἰφιδάμαςἠΰςnobleἐύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τετεandτε · particlesentence particleμέγαςtallμέγας · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 222
who was raised in Thrace of the rich soil, mother of flocks.
Metre
ὃςτράφηἐνΘρῄκῃ‖ἐριβώλακιμητέριμήλων
ὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of τράφητράφηwas rearedτρέφω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἰφιδάμαςἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionΘρῄκῃThraceΘρᾴκη · dative singular feminine nounadverbialἐριβώλακιrich-soiledἐριβω~λαξ · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Θρῄκῃμητέριmotherμήτηρ · dative singular feminine nounadverbialμήλωνof flocksμῆλον · genitive plural neuter nounmodifies μητέρι - 223
Cisseus raised him in his halls when he was little,
ΚισσῆςCisseusΚισσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectτόνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔθρεψεγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἔθρεψεraisedτρέφω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδόμοιςhallsδόμος · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἔνιἔνιinἐν · prepositionprepositionτυτθὸνlittleτυτθός · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐόνταbeing littleεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 224
his mother's father, who begot fair-cheeked Theano;
Metre
μητροπάτωρὃςτίκτε‖Θεανὼκαλλιπάρῃον
μητροπάτωρmother’s fatherμητροπάτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of τίκτετίκτεbegotτίκτω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describingΘεανὼTheanoΘεανώ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of τίκτεκαλλιπάρῃονfair-cheekedκαλλιπάρηος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Θεανὼ - 225
but when he reached the full measure of glorious youth,
Metre
αὐτὰρἐπείἥβης‖ἐρικυδέοςἵκετομέτρον
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐπείwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἥβηςyouthἥβη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies μέτρονἐρικυδέοςgloriousἐρικυδής · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἥβηςἵκετοreachedἱκνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπείμέτρονfull measureμέτρον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἵκετο - 226
he kept him there and gave him his own daughter,
Metre
αὐτοῦμινκατέρυκε‖δίδουὅγεθυγατέραἥν
αὐτοῦthereαὐτοῦ · adverbadverbial to κατέρυκεμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of κατέρυκεκατέρυκεkept thereκατερύκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδίδουgaveδίδωμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δίδουγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleθυγατέραdaughterθυγάτηρ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of δίδουἥνhis ownἑός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies θυγατέρα - 227
yet once married he left the bridal chamber and came after the Achaeans' fame
Metre
γήμαςἐκθαλάμοιο‖μετὰκλέοςἵκετἈχαιῶν
γήμαςhaving marriedγαμέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἵκετ̓δyetδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionθαλάμοιοchamberθάλαμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκμετὰafterμετά · prepositionprepositionκλέοςgloryκλέος · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to μετὰἵκετreachedἱκνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈχαιῶνthe AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies κλέος - 228
with twelve curved ships that followed him.
Metre
σὺνδυοκαίδεκανηυσὶ‖κορωνίσιναἵοἱἕποντο
σὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionδυοκαίδεκαtwelveδυοκαίδεκα · numeralmodifies νηυσὶνηυσὶshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to σὺνκορωνίσινcurvedκορωνίς · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶαἵthatὅς · nominative plural feminine pronounsubject of ἕποντοοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἕποντοἕποντοfollowedἕπομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing νηυσὶ - 229
Those balanced ships he then left at Percote,
Metre
τὰςμὲνἔπειτἐνΠερκώτῃ‖λίπενῆαςἐΐσας
τὰςtheseὁ · accusative plural feminine pronounobjectμὲνthenμέν · particlesentence particleἔπειτthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to λίπεἐνatἐν · prepositionprepositionΠερκώτῃPercoteΠερκώτη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνλίπεleftλείπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobjectἐΐσαςbalancedἴσος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆας - 230
while he himself had come on foot to Ilion;
αὐτὰρwhileἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἰληλούθειπεζὸςon footπεζός · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐὼνbeingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἰληλούθειἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἼλιονIlionἼλιος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐςεἰληλούθειhad comeἔρχομαι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 231
and he it was who then came against Atreus' son Agamemnon.
ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἦλθενῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτότthenτότε · adverbadverbial to ἦλθενἈτρεΐδεωson of AtreusἈτρείδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἈγαμέμνονοςἈγαμέμνονοςAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀντίονἀντίονagainstἀντίον · accusative singular neuter nounprepositionἦλθενcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 232
Now when they had come near, advancing on one another,
Metre
οἳὅτεδὴσχεδὸνἦσαν‖ἐπἀλλήλοισινἰόντες
οἳtheyὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἦσανδandδέ · particlesentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴnowδή · particlesentence particleσχεδὸνnearσχεδόν · adverbadverbial to ἦσανἦσανwereεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὅτεἐπtowardἐπί · prepositionprepositionἀλλήλοισινone anotherἀλλήλων · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐπ̓ἰόντεςadvancingεἶμι · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἦσαν - 233
the son of Atreus missed, and his spear turned aside from him,
Metre
Ἀτρεΐδηςμὲνἅμαρτε‖παραὶδέοἱἐτράπετἔγχος
Ἀτρεΐδηςthe son of AtreusἈτρείδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἅμαρτεμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἅμαρτεmissedἁμαρτάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπαραὶfromπαρά · prepositionemphasizing particleδέandδέ · particlesentence particleοἱfrom himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἔγχοςἐτράπετturned asideτρέπω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔγχοςspearἔγχος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἐτράπετ̓ - 234
but Iphidamas stabbed him at the belt below the corselet,
Metre
Ἰφιδάμαςδὲκατὰ‖ζώνηνθώρηκοςἔνερθε
ἸφιδάμαςIphidamasἸφιδάμας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of νύξ̓δὲbutδέ · particlesentence particleκατὰatκατά · prepositionprepositionζώνηνbeltζώνη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of κατὰθώρηκοςcorseletθώραξ · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἔνερθεἔνερθεbeneathἔνερθε · prepositionpreposition - 235
and leaned his weight upon it, trusting in his heavy hand;
Metre
νύξἐπὶαὐτὸςἔρεισε‖βαρείῃχειρὶπιθήσας
νύξstabbedνύσσω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔρεισεleaned his weightἐρείδω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβαρείῃheavyβαρύς · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χειρὶχειρὶhandχείρ · dative singular feminine nounobject of πιθήσαςπιθήσαςtrustingπείθω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔρεισε - 236
yet he did not pierce the gleaming belt, but long before that,
Metre
οὐδἔτορεζωστῆρα‖παναίολονἀλλὰπολὺπρὶν
ἔτορεpiercedτορέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbζωστῆραbeltζωστήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔτορεπαναίολονgleamingπαναίολος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ζωστῆραἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordπολὺfarπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveemphasizing particleπρὶνbeforeπρίν · adverbadverbial to ἐτράπετ̓ - 237
meeting silver, the point was turned aside like lead.
ἀργύρῳsilverἄργυρος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἀντομένηἀντομένηmeetingἄντομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἐτράπετ̓μόλιβοςleadμόλιβος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectὣςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialἐτράπετturned asideτρέπω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαἰχμήpointαἰχμή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐτράπετ̓ - 238
Then the wide-ruling lord Agamemnon seized the spear in his hand
καὶthenκαί · adverbsentence particleτόitὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of λαβὼνγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleχειρὶin his handχείρ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to λαβὼνλαβὼνgraspingλαμβάνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἕλκ̓εὐρὺwide-rulingεὐρύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveemphasizing particleκρείωνruling lordκρείων · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈγαμέμνωνἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓ - 239
and pulled it toward himself, raging like a lion, and from Iphidamas' hand
ἕλκpulledἕλκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπὶtowardἐπί · prepositionprepositionοἷhimselfἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπὶμεμαὼςragingμέμαα · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἕλκ̓ὥςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialτεandτε · particleemphasizing particleλίςlionλίς · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἐκfromἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleχειρὸςhandχείρ · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐκ - 240
wrenched it; then struck his neck with the sword and loosed his limbs.
σπάσσατοpulled outσπάω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of πλῆξ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἄοριwith his swordἄορ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to πλῆξ̓πλῆξstruckπλήσσω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαὐχέναneckαὐχήν · accusative singular masculine nounobject of πλῆξ̓λῦσεloosedλύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordγυῖαhis limbsγυῖον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of λῦσε - 241
So he fell there and slept a bronze sleep,
Metre
ὣςὃμὲναὖθιπεσὼν‖κοιμήσατοχάλκεονὕπνον
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to κοιμήσατοὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of κοιμήσατομὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleαὖθιthereαὖθι · adverbadverbial to πεσὼνπεσὼνhaving fallenπίπτω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κοιμήσατοκοιμήσατοsleptκοιμάω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχάλκεονbronzeχάλκεος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὕπνονὕπνονsleepὕπνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κοιμήσατο - 242
pitiful, far from his wedded wife, while aiding his countrymen,
Metre
οἰκτρὸςἀπὸμνηστῆς‖ἀλόχουἀστοῖσινἀρήγων
οἰκτρὸςpitifulοἰκτρός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀπὸfar fromἀπό · prepositionprepositionμνηστῆςweddedμνηστός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀλόχουἀλόχουwifeἄλοχος · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀπὸἀστοῖσινcountrymenἀστός · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀρήγωνἀρήγωνaidingἀρήγω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κοιμήσατο - 243
his lawful bride, whose joy he never knew, though he gave much for her:
Metre
κουριδίηςἧςοὔ‖τιχάρινἴδεπολλὰἔδωκε
κουριδίηςweddedκουρίδιος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀλόχουἧςwhoseὅς · genitive singular feminine pronounmodifies χάρινοὔneverοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounemphasizing particleχάρινjoyχάρις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἴδεἴδεknewεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓πολλὰmuchπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἔδωκεδthoughδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔδωκεhe gaveδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓ - 244
first he gave a hundred cattle, then promised a thousand
Metre
πρῶθἑκατὸνβοῦςδῶκεν‖ἔπειταδὲχίλιὑπέστη
πρῶθfirstπρῶτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to δῶκενἑκατὸνa hundredἑκατόν · numeralmodifies βοῦςβοῦςcattleβοῦς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of δῶκενδῶκενhe gaveδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ὑπέστηδὲthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordχίλιthousandχίλιοι · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies καὶὑπέστηhe promisedὑφίστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 245
goats and sheep together, which were pastured for him beyond count.
Metre
αἶγαςὁμοῦκαὶὄϊς‖τάοἱἄσπεταποιμαίνοντο
αἶγαςgoatsαἴξ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶὁμοῦtogetherὁμοῦ · adverbsentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὄϊςsheepὄις · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶτάwhichὁ · nominative plural neuter pronounsubject of ποιμαίνοντοοἱfor himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ποιμαίνοντοἄσπεταbeyond countἄσπετος · accusative plural neuter adjectivecircumstantial complementποιμαίνοντοwere pasturedποιμαίνω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing καὶ - 246
Then Atreus' son Agamemnon stripped him
Metre
δὴτότεἈτρεΐδης‖Ἀγαμέμνωνἐξενάριξε
δὴthenδή · particlesentence particleτότεthenτότε · adverbadverbial to ἐξενάριξεγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἈτρεΐδηςAtreus' sonἈτρείδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈγαμέμνωνἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δὲἐξενάριξεslew and strippedἐξεναρίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 247
and went through the Achaean throng carrying his fine armor.
Metre
βῆδὲφέρωνἀνὅμιλον‖Ἀχαιῶντεύχεακαλά
βῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordφέρωνcarryingφέρω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βῆἀνthroughἀνά · prepositionprepositionὅμιλονthrongὅμιλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀν̓ἈχαιῶνAchaeanἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ὅμιλοντεύχεαarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of φέρωνκαλάfineκαλός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχεα - 248
But when Coon, distinguished among men, saw him,
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐνόησεδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordὡςwhenὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὖνthenοὖν · particlesentence particleἐνόησεsawνοέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὡςΚόωνCoonΚόων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐνόησεἀριδείκετοςdistinguishedἀριδείκετος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Κόωνἀνδρῶνamong menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἀριδείκετος - 249
the elder son of Antenor, mighty grief
Metre
πρεσβυγενὴςἈντηνορίδης‖κρατερόνῥάἑπένθος
πρεσβυγενὴςelder-bornπρεσβυγενής · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈντηνορίδηςἈντηνορίδηςAntenor's sonἈντηνορίδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Κόωνκρατερόνmightyκρατερός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πένθοςῥάthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἑhimἕ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐκάλυψεπένθοςgriefπένθος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἐκάλυψε - 250
covered his eyes at the sight of his fallen brother.
Metre
ὀφθαλμοὺςἐκάλυψε‖κασιγνήτοιοπεσόντος
ὀφθαλμοὺςeyesὀφθαλμός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἀριδείκετοςἐκάλυψεcoveredκαλύπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκασιγνήτοιοbrotherκασίγνητος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πένθοςπεσόντοςfallenπίπτω · aorist active participle, genitive singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 251
He stood to one side with his spear, unseen by godlike Agamemnon,
Metre
στῆεὐρὰξσὺνδουρὶ‖λαθὼνἈγαμέμνοναδῖον
στῆstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleεὐρὰξto one sideεὐράξ · adverbadverbial to στῆσὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionδουρὶwith his spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to σὺνλαθὼνunseenλανθάνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to στῆἈγαμέμνοναAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of λαθὼνδῖονgodlikeδῖος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀγαμέμνονα - 252
and stabbed him through the middle of the arm, below the elbow;
Metre
νύξεδέμινκατὰχεῖρα‖μέσηνἀγκῶνοςἔνερθε
νύξεstabbedνύσσω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlesentence particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of νύξεκατὰthroughκατά · prepositionprepositionχεῖραarmχείρ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of κατὰμέσηνmiddleμέσος · accusative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀγκῶνοςelbowἀγκών · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἔνερθεἔνερθεbeneathἔνερθε · prepositionpreposition - 253
and the point of the shining spear passed clean through.
Metre
ἀντικρὺδὲδιέσχε‖φαεινοῦδουρὸςἀκωκή
ἀντικρὺstraight throughἀντικρύ · adverbadverbial to διέσχεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδιέσχεpierced throughδιέχω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφαεινοῦshiningφαεινός · genitive singular neuter adjectivemodifies δουρὸςδουρὸςspearδόρυ · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies ἀκωκήἀκωκήpointἀκωκή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of διέσχε - 254
Then Agamemnon, lord of men, shuddered;
ῥίγησένshudderedῥιγέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτthenτε · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ῥίγησένἄναξlordἄναξ · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγαμέμνωνἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἄναξἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ῥίγησέν - 255
but not even then did he cease from battle and war,
Metre
ἀλλοὐδὧςἀπέληγε‖μάχηςἠδὲπτολέμοιο
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὧςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἀπέληγεἀπέληγεceasedἀπολήγω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμάχηςbattleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἠδὲἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordπτολέμοιοwarπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἠδὲ - 256
but rushed upon Coon with his wind-nurtured spear.
Metre
ἀλλἐπόρουσεΚόωνι‖ἔχωνἀνεμοτρεφὲςἔγχος
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐπόρουσεchargedἐπορούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΚόωνιCoonΚόων · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπόρουσεἔχωνholdingἔχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐπόρουσεἀνεμοτρεφὲςwind-nurturedἀνεμοτρεφής · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔχων - 257
Coon was dragging Iphidamas, his brother by the same father,
Metre
ἤτοιὃἸφιδάμαντα‖κασίγνητονκαὶὄπατρον
ἤτοιnowἤτοι · particlesentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἕλκεἸφιδάμανταIphidamasἸφιδάμας · accusative singular masculine nounobjectκασίγνητονhis brotherκασίγνητος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὄπατρονsame-fatheredὄπατρος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of καὶ - 258
eagerly by the foot, and calling to all the champions;
Metre
ἕλκεποδὸςμεμαώς‖καὶἀΰτειπάνταςἀρίστους
ἕλκεdraggedἕλκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbποδὸςby the footπούς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἕλκεμεμαώςeagerlyμέμαα · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἕλκεκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀΰτειcalled toἀυτέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπάνταςallπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀρίστουςἀρίστουςchampionsἄριστος · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἀΰτει - 259
and as he dragged him through the throng beneath his bossed shield, Agamemnon struck
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of οὔτησεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἕλκοντdraggedἕλκω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἀνthroughἀνά · prepositionprepositionὅμιλονthe throngὅμιλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀν̓ὑπbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionἀσπίδοςshieldἀσπίς · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ὑπ̓ὀμφαλοέσσηςbossedὀμφαλόεις · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀσπίδος - 260
with his bronze-shod spear, and loosed his limbs.
Metre
οὔτησεξυστῷ‖χαλκήρεϊλῦσεδὲγυῖα
οὔτησεstabbedοὐτάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbξυστῷspearξυστός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifiesχαλκήρεϊbronze-shodχαλκήρης · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifiesλῦσεloosedλύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordγυῖαhis limbsγυῖον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of λῦσε - 261
Then, standing over Iphidamas, he cut off Coon's head.
Metre
τοῖοἐπἸφιδάμαντι‖κάρηἀπέκοψεπαραστάς
τοῖοhisὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies κάρηδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπoverἐπί · prepositionprepositionἸφιδάμαντιIphidamasἸφιδάμας · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐπ̓κάρηheadκάρα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀπέκοψεἀπέκοψεcut offἀποκόπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπαραστάςstanding overπαρίστημι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀπέκοψε - 262
There the sons of Antenor, beneath the son of Atreus, the king,
Metre
ἔνθἈντήνοροςυἷες‖ὑπἈτρεΐδῃβασιλῆϊ
ἔνθthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἔδυνἈντήνοροςof AntenorἈντήνωρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἷεςυἷεςthe sonsυἱός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἔδυνὑπbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionἈτρεΐδῃthe son of AtreusἈτρείδης · dative singular masculine nounobject of ὑπ̓βασιλῆϊkingβασιλεύς · dative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀτρεΐδῃ - 263
fulfilled their fate and went down into the house of Hades.
Metre
πότμονἀναπλήσαντες‖ἔδυνδόμονἌϊδοςεἴσω
πότμονfateπότμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀναπλήσαντεςἀναπλήσαντεςhaving fulfilledἀναπίμπλημι · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἔδυνἔδυνwent downδύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδόμονthe houseδόμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εἴσωἌϊδοςof HadesἈΐδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies δόμονεἴσωintoεἴσω · prepositionpreposition - 264
But he ranged through the ranks of the other men
Metre
αὐτὰρὃτῶνἄλλων‖ἐπεπωλεῖτοστίχαςἀνδρῶν
αὐτὰρbut heἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐπεπωλεῖτοτῶνofὁ · genitive plural masculine articlemodifies ἀνδρῶνἄλλωνotherἄλλος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνδρῶνἐπεπωλεῖτοranged alongἐπιπωλέομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbστίχαςranksστίξ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπεπωλεῖτοἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies στίχας - 265
with spear and sword and great stones,
ἔγχεΐwith spearἔγχος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to τετandτε · particlesentence particleἄορίwith his swordἄορ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to τετεandτε · particlesentence particleμεγάλοισίgreatμέγας · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies χερμαδίοισιντεandτε · particlecoordinating wordχερμαδίοισινstonesχερμάδιον · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to τε - 266
as long as the blood still welled warm from his wound.
Metre
ὄφράοἱαἷμἔτιθερμὸν‖ἀνήνοθενἐξὠτειλῆς
ὄφράas long asὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies αἷμ̓αἷμbloodαἷμα · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἀνήνοθενἔτιstillἔτι · adverbadverbialθερμὸνwarmθερμός · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἀνήνοθενwelled upἀνήνοθε · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὄφράἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionὠτειλῆςwoundὠτειλή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐξ - 267
But when the wound dried and the blood ceased,
Metre
αὐτὰρἐπεὶτὸμὲνἕλκος‖ἐτέρσετοπαύσατοαἷμα
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτὸtheὁ · nominative singular neuter articlemodifies ἕλκοςμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἕλκοςwoundἕλκος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἐτέρσετοἐτέρσετοdriedτέρσομαι · imperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓παύσατοceasedπαύω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαἷμαbloodαἷμα · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of παύσατο - 268
sharp pains entered the might of Atreus' son.
Metre
ὀξεῖαιὀδύναι‖δῦνονμένοςἈτρεΐδαο
ὀξεῖαιsharpὀξύς · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ὀδύναιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὀδύναιpainsὀδύνη · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of δῦνονδῦνονenteredδύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbμένοςmightμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of δῦνονἈτρεΐδαοof Atreus' sonἈτρείδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies μένος - 269
As when a sharp, piercing shaft grips a woman in labor,
Metre
ὡςὅτἂνὠδίνουσαν‖ἔχῃβέλοςὀξὺγυναῖκα
ὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅτwhenὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἂνeverἄν · particleemphasizing particleὠδίνουσανin laborὠδίνω · present active participle, accusative singular femininemodifies γυναῖκαἔχῃgripsἔχω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτ̓βέλοςshaftβέλος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔχῃὀξὺsharpὀξύς · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies βέλοςγυναῖκαa womanγυνή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔχῃ - 270
such as the Eileithyiae, bringers of travail, send,
Metre
δριμύτότεπροϊεῖσι‖μογοστόκοιΕἰλείθυιαι
δριμύpiercingδριμύς · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies βέλοςτόwhichὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of προϊεῖσιτεsuch asτε · particlesentence particleπροϊεῖσιsendπροίημι · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing βέλοςμογοστόκοιbringers of travailμογοστόκος · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ΕἰλείθυιαιΕἰλείθυιαιEileithyiaeΕἰλείθυια · nominative plural feminine nounsubject - 271
Hera's daughters who hold the bitter pangs,
Metre
Ἥρηςθυγατέρες‖πικρὰςὠδῖναςἔχουσαι
ἭρηςHera’sἭρα · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies θυγατέρεςθυγατέρεςdaughtersθυγάτηρ · nominative plural feminine nounsubjectπικρὰςbitterπικρός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ὠδῖναςὠδῖναςpangsὠδίς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἔχουσαιἔχουσαιwho holdἔχω · present active participle, nominative plural femininemodifies - 272
so sharp pains entered the might of Atreus' son.
Metre
ὣςὀξεῖὀδύναι‖δῦνονμένοςἈτρεΐδαο
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to δῦνονὀξεῖsharpὀξύς · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ὀδύναιὀδύναιpainsὀδύνη · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of δῦνονδῦνονenteredδύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbμένοςmightμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of δῦνονἈτρεΐδαοof Atreus' sonἈτρείδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies μένος - 273
He sprang into his chariot and ordered his charioteer
ἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionδίφρονchariotδίφρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐςδandδέ · particlesentence particleἀνόρουσεsprangἀνορούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἡνιόχῳdriverἡνίοχος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπέτελλεἐπέτελλεgave chargeἐπιτέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 274
to drive toward the hollow ships, for his heart was heavy.
Metre
νηυσὶνἔπιγλαφυρῇσιν‖ἐλαυνέμενἤχθετογὰρκῆρ
νηυσὶνshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἔπιἔπιtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionγλαφυρῇσινhollowγλαφυρός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶνἐλαυνέμενto driveἐλαύνω · present active infinitiveobject of ἐπέτελλεἤχθετοwas heavyἄχθομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleκῆρin his heartκῆρ · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἤχθετο - 275
There he cried in a piercing voice to the Danaans:
Metre
ἤϋσενδὲδιαπρύσιον‖Δαναοῖσιγεγωνώς
ἤϋσενcried outαὔω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδιαπρύσιονpiercingδιαπρύσιος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἤϋσενΔαναοῖσιto the DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject of γεγωνώςγεγωνώςshoutingγέγωνα · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἤϋσεν - 276
Friends, leaders and rulers of the Argives,
Metre
ὦφίλοιἈργείων‖ἡγήτορεςἠδὲμέδοντες
ὦoὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleφίλοιfriendsφίλος · vocative plural masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headἈργείωνof the ArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἠδὲἡγήτορεςleadersἡγήτωρ · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordμέδοντεςrulersμέδων · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided head - 277
you now must defend the seafaring ships
Metre
ὑμεῖςμὲννῦννηυσὶν‖ἀμύνετεποντοπόροισι
ὑμεῖςyouσύ · nominative plural pronounsubject of ἀμύνετεμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἀμύνετενηυσὶνshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἀμύνετεἀμύνετεdefendἀμύνω · present active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbποντοπόροισιseafaringποντόπορος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶν - 278
from the grievous battle-din, since Zeus the counselor has not
Metre
φύλοπινἀργαλέην‖ἐπεὶοὐκἐμὲμητίεταΖεὺς
φύλοπινbattle-dinφύλοπις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀμύνετεἀργαλέηνgrievousἀργαλέος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies φύλοπινἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἐμὲmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of πολεμίζεινμητίεταthe counselorμητίετα · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΖεὺςΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εἴασε - 279
allowed me to fight the Trojans for the whole day.
εἴασεallowedἐάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶΤρώεσσιthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of πολεμίζεινπανημέριονall day longπανημέριος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to πολεμίζεινπολεμίζεινto fightπολεμίζω · present active infinitiveobject of εἴασε - 280
So he spoke, and the charioteer lashed the lovely-maned horses
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφαθ̓ἔφαθhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἡνίοχοςdriverἡνίοχος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἵμασενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἵμασενlashedἱμάσσω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαλλίτριχαςfair-manedκαλλίθριξ · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἵμασεν - 281
toward the hollow ships, and the pair flew onward willingly;
Metre
νῆαςἔπιγλαφυράς‖τὼοὐκἀέκοντεπετέσθην
νῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἔπιἔπιtowardἐπί · prepositionprepositionγλαφυράςhollowγλαφυρός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςτὼthe pairὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of πετέσθηνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleWith 'unwilling,' this forms a litotes: 'not unwilling,' hence 'willingly.'
ἀέκοντεunwillingἀέκων · nominative dual masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπετέσθηνflew onwardπέτομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verb - 282
their chests foamed, and beneath they were spattered with dust
ἄφρεονfoamedἀφρέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleστήθεαtheir chestsστῆθος · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of ἄφρεονῥαίνοντοwere spatteredῥαίνω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordνέρθεbeneathνέρθε · adverbadverbial to ῥαίνοντοκονίῃdustκόνιος · dative singular feminine adjectiveobject of ῥαίνοντο - 283
as they bore the stricken king away from the battle.
Metre
τειρόμενονβασιλῆα‖μάχηςἀπάνευθεφέροντες
τειρόμενονstrickenτείρω · present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementβασιλῆαkingβασιλεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of φέροντεςμάχηςthe battleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἀπάνευθεἀπάνευθεaway fromἀπάνευθε · prepositionprepositionφέροντεςbearingφέρω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ῥαίνοντο - 284
When Hector saw Agamemnon going apart from battle,
Metre
Ἕκτωρὡςἐνόησ‖Ἀγαμέμνονανόσφικιόντα
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐκέκλετοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὡςwhenὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἐνόησsawνοέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὡςἈγαμέμνοναAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐνόησ̓νόσφιapartνόσφι · adverbobject of κιόντακιόνταgoingκίω · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 285
he called to the Trojans and Lycians with a long shout:
Metre
ΤρωσίτεκαὶΛυκίοισιν‖ἐκέκλετομακρὸνἀΰσας
Τρωσίto the TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΛυκίοισινLyciansΛύκιοι · dative plural masculine nounobject of καὶἐκέκλετοcalledκέλομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμακρὸνlongμακρός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀΰσαςἀΰσαςshoutingαὔω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐκέκλετο - 286
"Trojans and Lycians and Dardanians, close fighters,
Metre
ΤρῶεςκαὶΛύκιοι‖καὶΔάρδανοιἀγχιμαχηταὶ
ΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleΛύκιοιLyciansΛύκιοι · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΔάρδανοιDardaniansΔάρδανος · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headἀγχιμαχηταὶclose fightersἀγχιμαχητής · vocative plural masculine nounmodifies ἀνέρες - 287
be men, my friends, and remember your furious valor.
Metre
ἀνέρεςἔστεφίλοι‖μνήσασθεδὲθούριδοςἀλκῆς
ἀνέρεςmenἀνήρ · nominative plural masculine nounpredicate nounἔστεbeεἰμί · present active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbφίλοιfriendsφίλος · vocative plural masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headμνήσασθεrememberμιμνήσκω · aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordθούριδοςfuriousθου~ρις · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀλκῆςἀλκῆςvalorἀλκή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of μνήσασθε - 288
The best man is gone, and Zeus, son of Cronos, has granted me
Metre
οἴχετἀνὴρὤριστος‖ἐμοὶδὲμέγεὖχοςἔδωκε
οἴχετis goneοἴχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀνὴρmanἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of οἴχετ̓ὤριστοςthe bestἄριστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνὴρἐμοὶmeἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔδωκεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμέγgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies εὖχοςεὖχοςgloryεὖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔδωκεἔδωκεgrantedδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 289
great glory. Drive your single-hoofed horses straight
Metre
ΖεὺςΚρονίδηςἀλλἰθὺς‖ἐλαύνετεμώνυχαςἵππους
ΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔδωκεΚρονίδηςson of CronosΚρονίδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ζεὺςἀλλandἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἰθὺςstraight onἰθύς · adverbadverbial to ἐλαύνετεἐλαύνετεdriveἐλαύνω · present active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbμώνυχαςsingle-hoofedμω~νυξ · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐλαύνετε - 290
against the mighty Danaans, so that you may win the greater glory."
Metre
ἰφθίμωνΔαναῶν‖ἵνὑπέρτερονεὖχοςἄρησθε
ἰφθίμωνmightyἴφθιμος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ΔαναῶνΔαναῶνagainstΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἵππουςἵνso thatἵνα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionὑπέρτερονgreaterὑπέρ · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies εὖχοςεὖχοςgloryεὖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἄρησθεἄρησθεwinαἴρω · aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd plural verbadverbial to ἵν̓ - 291
So he spoke and stirred the strength and spirit of every man.
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνὄτρυνε‖μένοςκαὶθυμὸνἑκάστου
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνspokeεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὄτρυνεὄτρυνεstirredὀτρύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordθυμὸνspiritθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἑκάστουof each manἕκαστος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies καὶ - 292
As when some hunter sets his white-toothed dogs
Metre
ὡςὅτεπούτιςθηρητὴρ‖κύναςἀργιόδοντας
ὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπούperhapsπού · adverbsentence particleτιςsomeτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies θηρητὴρθηρητὴρhunterθηρατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of σεύῃκύναςdogsκύων · accusative plural masculine nounobject of σεύῃἀργιόδονταςwhite-toothedἀργιόδους · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies κύνας - 293
upon a wild boar or a lion of the fields,
Metre
σεύῃἐπἀγροτέρῳ‖συῒκαπρίῳἠὲλέοντι
σεύῃsetsσεύω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτεἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionἀγροτέρῳof the fieldsἀγρότερος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies καπρίῳσυῒa boarὗς · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἠὲκαπρίῳwild boarκάπριος · dative singular masculine nounmodifies συῒἠὲorἠέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordλέοντιa lionλέων · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἠὲ - 294
so Hector set the high-hearted Trojans upon the Achaeans,
Metre
ὣςἐπἈχαιοῖσιν‖σεῦεΤρῶαςμεγαθύμους
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to σεῦεἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionἈχαιοῖσινthe AchaeansἈχαιός · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐπ̓σεῦεsetσεύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΤρῶαςTrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of σεῦεμεγαθύμουςgreat-heartedμεγάθυμος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρῶας - 295
Hector, son of Priam, equal to Ares, bane of mortals.
Metre
ἝκτωρΠριαμίδης‖βροτολοιγῷἶσοςἌρηϊ
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of σεῦεΠριαμίδηςson of PriamΠριαμίδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἕκτωρβροτολοιγῷbane of mortalsβροτολοιγός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἄρηϊἶσοςequalἴσος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἌρηϊto AresἌρης · dative singular masculine nounmodifies ἶσος - 296
He himself strode among the foremost, high-hearted,
αὐτὸςhe himselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of ἐβεβήκειδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐνamongἐν · prepositionprepositionπρώτοισιthe foremostπρότερος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐνμέγαhigh-heartedμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to φρονέωνφρονέωνin spiritφρονέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐβεβήκειἐβεβήκειstrodeβαίνω · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 297
and fell upon the combat like a storm wind rushing from above,
ἐνuponἐν · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔπεσfellπίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὑσμίνῃcombatὑσμίνη · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἔπεσ̓ὑπεραέϊrushing from aboveὑπεραής · dative singular adjectivemodifies ἀέλλῃἶσοςlikeἴσος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀέλλῃstorm windἄελλα · dative singular feminine nounmodifies ἶσος - 298
which plunges down and stirs the violet-dark sea.
Metre
ἥτεκαθαλλομένη‖ἰοειδέαπόντονὀρίνει
ἥwhichὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ὀρίνειτεwhichτε · particlesentence particleκαθαλλομένηplunging downκαθάλλομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ὀρίνειἰοειδέαviolet-darkἰοειδής · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πόντονπόντονseaπόντος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὀρίνειὀρίνειstirsὀρίνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἀέλλῃ - 299
Whom first, and whom last, did he strip and kill —
Metre
ἔνθατίναπρῶτον‖τίναὕστατονἐξενάριξεν
ἔνθαthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to δ̓τίναwhomτις · accusative singular masculine pronounobjectπρῶτονfirstπρῶτος · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementτίναwhomτις · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐξενάριξενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὕστατονlastὕστερος · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐξενάριξενstripped and killedἐξεναρίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 300
Hector, son of Priam, when Zeus granted him glory?
Metre
ἝκτωρΠριαμίδης‖ὅτεοἱΖεὺςκῦδοςἔδωκεν
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓Πριαμίδηςson of PriamΠριαμίδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἕκτωρὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔδωκενΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔδωκενκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔδωκενἔδωκενgrantedδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτε - 301
First Asaeus, and Autonous, and Opites,
Metre
Ἀσαῖονμὲνπρῶτα‖καὶΑὐτόνοονκαὶὈπίτην
ἈσαῖονAsaeusἈσαῖος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶμὲνfirstμέν · particlesentence particleπρῶταfirstπρῶτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveemphasizing particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleΑὐτόνοονAutonousΑὐτόνοος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleὈπίτηνOpitesὈπίτης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶ - 302
and Dolops, son of Clytius, and Opheltius, and Agelaus,
Metre
καὶΔόλοπαΚλυτίδην‖καὶὈφέλτιονἠδἈγέλαον
καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleΔόλοπαDolopsΔόλοψ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶΚλυτίδηνson of ClytiusΚλυτίδης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Δόλοπακαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleὈφέλτιονOpheltiusὈφέλτιος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἠδandἠδέ · conjunctionsentence particleἈγέλαονAgelausἈγέλαος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶ - 303
Aesymnus and Orus and Hipponous, steadfast in battle.
ΑἴσυμνόνAesymnusΑἴσυμνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτandτε · particlesentence particleὮρόνOrusὮρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἹππόνοονHipponousἹππόνοος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶμενεχάρμηνsteadfast in battleμενεχάρμης · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἱππόνοον - 304
Those leaders of the Danaans he killed, and then the multitude,
Metre
τοὺςἄρὅἡγεμόνας‖Δαναῶνἕλεναὐτὰρἔπειτα
τοὺςthoseὁ · accusative plural masculine articlemodifies ἡγεμόναςἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἕλενγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἡγεμόναςleadersἡγεμών · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἕλενΔαναῶνof the DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἡγεμόναςἕλενkilledαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαὐτὰρand thenἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial - 305
as when Zephyrus batters the clouds
πληθύνthe multitudeπληθύς · accusative singular feminine nounobjectὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialὁπότεwhenὁπότε · adverbsubordinating conjunctionνέφεαcloudsνέφος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of στυφελίξῃΖέφυροςZephyrusΖέφυρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of στυφελίξῃστυφελίξῃbattersστυφελίζω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial - 306
of the clearing South Wind, striking them with a deep gale;
Metre
ἀργεστᾶοΝότοιο‖βαθείῃλαίλαπιτύπτων
ἀργεστᾶοclearingἀργεστής · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ΝότοιοΝότοιοthe South WindΝότος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies νέφεαβαθείῃdeepβαθύς · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies λαίλαπιλαίλαπιstorm-blastλαῖλαψ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to τύπτωντύπτωνstrikingτύπτω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to στυφελίξῃ - 307
the swollen wave rolls high, and foam above it
Metre
πολλὸνδὲτρόφικῦμα‖κυλίνδεταιὑψόσεἄχνη
πολλὸνmuchπολύς · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κῦμαδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleτρόφιswollenτρόφις · dative singular neuter nounobject of πολλὸνκῦμαwaveκῦμα · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of κυλίνδεταικυλίνδεταιrollsκυλίνδω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓ὑψόσεaloftὑψόσε · adverbadverbial to σκίδναταιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄχνηfoamἄχνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of σκίδναται - 308
scatters beneath the blast of the far-wandering wind —
Metre
σκίδναταιἐξἀνέμοιο‖πολυπλάγκτοιοἰωῆς
σκίδναταιscattersσκίδνημι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓ἐξbeneathἐκ · prepositionprepositionἀνέμοιοwindἄνεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἰωῆςπολυπλάγκτοιοfar-wanderingπολύπλαγκτος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνέμοιοἰωῆςblastἰωή · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐξ - 309
so the close-packed heads of the host were beaten down beneath Hector.
Metre
ὣςἄραπυκνὰκαρήαθ‖ὑφἝκτοριδάμνατολαῶν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to δάμνατοἄραsoἄρα · particlesentence particleπυκνὰclose-packedπυκνός · nominative plural neuter adjectivecircumstantial complementκαρήαθheadsκάρα · nominative plural neuter nounobject of δάμνατοὑφbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionἝκτοριHectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of ὑφ̓δάμνατοwere beaten downδάμνημι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbλαῶνof the hostλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καρήαθ̓ - 310
Then ruin would have come, and deeds beyond all remedy,
Metre
ἔνθάκελοιγὸςἔην‖καὶἀμήχαναἔργαγένοντο
ἔνθάthenἔνθα · adverbadverbial to καὶκεwould haveἄν · particleemphasizing particleλοιγὸςruinλοιγός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔηνἔηνwould have comeεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἀμήχαναbeyond remedyἀμήχανος · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔργαἔργαdeedsἔργον · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of γένοντογένοντοwould have happenedγίγνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 311
and the Achaeans, fleeing, would have fallen among their ships,
Metre
καίνύκενἐννήεσσι‖πέσονφεύγοντεςἈχαιοί
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνύnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to πέσονκενwould haveἄν · particleemphasizing particleἐνamongἐν · prepositionprepositionνήεσσιtheir shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνπέσονwould have fallenπίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbφεύγοντεςfleeingφεύγω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to πέσονἈχαιοίthe AchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of πέσον - 312
had Odysseus not called to Diomedes, son of Tydeus:
Metre
εἰμὴΤυδεΐδῃ‖ΔιομήδεϊκέκλετὈδυσσεύς
εἰhadεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὴnotμή · particleemphasizing particleΤυδεΐδῃson of TydeusΤυδείδης · dative singular masculine nounmodifies ΔιομήδεϊΔιομήδεϊto DiomedesΔιομήδης · dative singular masculine nounobject of κέκλετ̓κέκλετcalledκέλομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἰὈδυσσεύςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κέκλετ̓ - 313
"Son of Tydeus, what has come upon us both, that we forget our furious valor?
Metre
Τυδεΐδητίπαθόντε‖λελάσμεθαθούριδοςἀλκῆς
Τυδεΐδηson of TydeusΤυδεΐδης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headτίwhatτίς · irregularobject of παθόντεπαθόντεhas happenedπάσχω · aorist active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to λελάσμεθαλελάσμεθαwe forgetλάζομαι · perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbθούριδοςfuriousθου~ρις · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀλκῆςἀλκῆςvalorἀλκή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of λελάσμεθα - 314
Come here, friend, and stand beside me; for it will be shame
Metre
ἀλλἄγεδεῦροπέπον‖παρἔμἵσταοδὴγὰρἔλεγχος
ἀλλcomeἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἄγεcomeἄγε · adverbsentence particleδεῦροcome hereδεῦρο · adverbobjectπέπονfriendπέπων · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionἔμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of παῤἵσταοstandἵστημι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbδὴnowδή · particlesentence particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἔλεγχοςshameἔλεγχος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔσσεται - 315
if Hector of the flashing helm takes the ships."
Metre
ἔσσεταιεἴκεννῆας‖ἕλῃκορυθαίολοςἝκτωρ
ἔσσεταιwill beεἰμί · future indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκενshouldἄν · particleemphasizing particleνῆαςthe shipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἕλῃἕλῃtakesαἱρέω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἴκορυθαίολοςof the flashing helmκορυθαίολος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἕλῃ - 316
Then mighty Diomedes answered him and said:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπαμειβόμενοςansweredἀπαμείβομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηsaidπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκρατερὸςmightyκρατερός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιομήδηςΔιομήδηςDiomedesΔιομήδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 317
"I will indeed stand and endure; but only brief
Metre
ἤτοιἐγὼμενέω‖καὶτλήσομαιἀλλὰμίνυνθα
ἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleἐγὼiἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καὶμενέωwill remainμένω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordτλήσομαιi will endureτλάω · future middle indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleμίνυνθαonly a momentμίνυνθα · adverbadverbial to ἔσσεται - 318
will be our joy, since Zeus the cloud-gatherer
ἡμέωνof usἐγώ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies ἦδοςἔσσεταιwill beεἰμί · future indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἦδοςjoyἦδος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔσσεταιἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionνεφεληγερέταcloud-gathererνεφεληγερέτα · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΖεὺςΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of βόλεται - 319
now wishes to give might to the Trojans rather than to us."
Metre
Τρωσὶνδὴβόλεται‖δοῦναικράτοςἠέπερἡμῖν
Τρωσὶνto the TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἠέδὴnowδή · particlesentence particleβόλεταιwishesβούλομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶδοῦναιto giveδίδωμι · aorist active infinitiveobject of βόλεταικράτοςpowerκράτος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of δοῦναιἠέthanἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἡμῖνto usἐγώ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἠέ - 320
He spoke, and thrust Thymbraeus from his chariot to the ground,
Metre
ἦκαὶΘυμβραῖον‖μὲνἀφἵππωνὦσεχαμᾶζε
ἦhe spokeἠμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΘυμβραῖονThymbraeusΘυμβραῖος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὦσεμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἀφfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionἵππωνchariotἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἀφ̓ὦσεthrustὠθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχαμᾶζεto the groundχαμᾶζε · adverbobject of ὦσε - 321
striking him with his spear beneath the left nipple; while Odysseus struck down
Metre
δουρὶβαλὼνκατὰμαζὸν‖ἀριστερόναὐτὰρὈδυσσεὺς
δουρὶwith his spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to βαλὼνβαλὼνstruckβάλλω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὦσεκατὰbeneathκατά · prepositionprepositionμαζὸνnippleμαστός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κατὰἀριστερόνthe leftἀριστερός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies μαζὸναὐτὰρwhileἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὈδυσσεὺςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 322
Molion, the godlike attendant of that lord.
Metre
ἀντίθεονθεράποντα‖Μολίονατοῖοἄνακτος
ἀντίθεονgodlikeἀντίθεος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θεράπονταθεράπονταattendantθεράπων · accusative singular masculine nounobjectΜολίοναMolionΜολίων · accusative singular masculine nounobjectτοῖοtheὁ · genitive singular masculine articlemodifies ἄνακτοςἄνακτοςlordἄναξ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θεράποντα - 323
Then they left the two, once they had stopped them from war;
Metre
τοὺςμὲνἔπειτεἴασαν‖ἐπεὶπολέμουἀπέπαυσαν
τοὺςthemὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of εἴασανμὲνthenμέν · particlesentence particleἔπειτthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to εἴασανεἴασανleftἐάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐπεὶonceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπολέμουfrom warπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀπέπαυσανἀπέπαυσανstoppedἀποπαύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἐπεὶ - 324
and the pair ranged through the throng in havoc, as when two boars
Metre
τὼἀνὅμιλονἰόντε‖κυδοίμεονὡςὅτεκάπρω
τὼthe pairὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of κυδοίμεονδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀνthroughἀνά · prepositionprepositionὅμιλονthe throngὅμιλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀν̓ἰόντεrangingεἶμι · present active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to κυδοίμεονκυδοίμεονwrought havocκυδοιμέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκάπρωboarsκάπρος · nominative dual masculine nounsubject of πέσητον - 325
fall among hunting dogs, proud in heart;
Metre
ἐνκυσὶθηρευτῇσι‖μέγαφρονέοντεπέσητον
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionκυσὶdogsκύων · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνθηρευτῇσιhuntingθηρευτός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies κυσὶμέγαproudμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to φρονέοντεφρονέοντεin heartφρονέω · present active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to πέσητονπέσητονfallπίπτω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd dual verbadverbial to ὅτε - 326
so they wheeled and destroyed the Trojans; and the Achaeans,
Metre
ὣςὄλεκονΤρῶας‖πάλινὀρμένωαὐτὰρἈχαιοὶ
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ὄλεκονὄλεκονdestroyedὀλέκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbΤρῶαςthe TrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ὄλεκονπάλινbackπάλιν · adverbadverbial to ὀρμένωὀρμένωwheelingὄρνυμι · aorist middle participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to ὄλεκοναὐτὰρandἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἈχαιοὶthe AchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἀνέπνεον - 327
gladly fleeing godlike Hector, caught their breath again.
Metre
ἀσπασίωςφεύγοντες‖ἀνέπνεονἝκτοραδῖον
ἀσπασίωςgladlyἀσπάσιος · adverbadverbial to φεύγοντεςφεύγοντεςfleeingφεύγω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἀνέπνεονἀνέπνεονcaught breathἀναπνέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of φεύγοντεςδῖονgodlikeδῖος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτορα - 328
There they took a chariot and two men, the best of the people —
Metre
ἔνθἑλέτηνδίφρόν‖τεκαὶἀνέρεδήμουἀρίστω
ἔνθthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἑλέτηνἑλέτηνtookαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbδίφρόνa chariotδίφρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀνέρεmenἀνήρ · accusative dual masculine nounobjectδήμουof the peopleδῆμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἀρίστωἀρίστωthe bestἄριστος · accusative dual masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνέρε - 329
two sons of Merops of Percote, who beyond all men
Metre
υἷεδύωΜέροπος‖Περκωσίουὃςπερὶπάντων
υἷεtwo sonsυἱός · accusative dual masculine nounobjectδύωtwoδύο · numeralmodifies υἷεΜέροποςMeropsΜέροψ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἷεΠερκωσίουof PercoteΠερκώσιος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Μέροποςὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δὲπερὶbeyond allπερί · prepositionprepositionπάντωνall menπᾶς · genitive plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to περὶ - 330
knew the arts of prophecy, and would not let his own sons
ᾔδεεknewοἶδα · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δὲμαντοσύναςthe arts of prophecyμαντοσύνη · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ᾔδεεοὓςhis ownἑός · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies παῖδαςπαῖδαςsonsπαῖς · accusative plural masculine nounsubject of στείχεινἔασκεwould letἐάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δὲ - 331
go into man-destroying war; but the two of them would not
Metre
στείχεινἐςπόλεμον‖φθισήνορατὼδέοἱοὔτι
στείχεινgoστείχω · present active infinitiveobject of ἔασκεἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionπόλεμονwarπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐςφθισήνοραman-destroyingφθισήνωρ · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πόλεμοντὼthe two of themὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of πειθέσθηνδέbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱthemἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of πειθέσθηνοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounemphasizing particle - 332
obey him, for the fates of black death led them on.
Metre
πειθέσθηνκῆρες‖γὰρἄγονμέλανοςθανάτοιο
πειθέσθηνobeyπείθω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbκῆρεςthe fatesκήρ · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἄγονγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἄγονledἄγω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbμέλανοςblackμέλας · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies θανάτοιοθανάτοιοof deathθάνατος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κῆρες - 333
Diomedes, son of Tydeus, famed with the spear,
Metre
τοὺςμὲνΤυδεΐδης‖δουρικλειτὸςΔιομήδης
τοὺςthemὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ἀπηύραμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleΤυδεΐδηςson of TydeusΤυδεΐδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectδουρικλειτὸςspear-famedδουρικλειτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιομήδηςΔιομήδηςDiomedesΔιομήδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 334
robbed them of spirit and life, and stripped their splendid armor;
Metre
θυμοῦκαὶψυχῆς‖κεκαδὼνκλυτὰτεύχεἀπηύρα
θυμοῦspiritθυμός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordψυχῆςlifeψυχή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of καὶκεκαδὼνdeprivingχάζω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀπηύρακλυτὰfamousκλυτός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχἐτεύχεarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἀπηύραἀπηύραstrippedἀπαυράω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 335
and Odysseus stripped and killed Hippodamus and Hypeirochus.
ἹππόδαμονHippodamusἹππόδαμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὈδυσεὺςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐξενάριξενκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὙπείροχονHypeirochusὙπείροχος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἐξενάριξενslew and strippedἐξεναρίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 336
Then the son of Cronos stretched the battle level between them,
Metre
ἔνθάσφινκατὰἶσα‖μάχηνἐτάνυσσεΚρονίων
ἔνθάthenἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἐτάνυσσεσφινbetween themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἐτάνυσσεκατὰatκατά · prepositionprepositionἶσαequallyἴσος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to κατὰμάχηνthe battleμάχη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐτάνυσσεἐτάνυσσεstretched outτανύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΚρονίωνthe son of CronosΚρονίων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐτάνυσσε - 337
looking down from Ida; and they kept killing one another.
Metre
ἐξἼδηςκαθορῶν‖τοὶἀλλήλουςἐνάριζον
ἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionἼδηςIdaἼδη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐξκαθορῶνlooking downκαθοράω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐτάνυσσετοὶtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐνάριζονδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀλλήλουςone anotherἀλλήλων · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐνάριζονἐνάριζονthey kept killingἐναρίζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 338
Then the son of Tydeus wounded Agastrophus with his spear,
Metre
ἤτοιΤυδέοςυἱὸς‖Ἀγάστροφονοὔτασεδουρὶ
ἤτοιthenἤτοι · particlesentence particleΤυδέοςof TydeusΤυδεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸςυἱὸςthe sonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of οὔτασεἈγάστροφονAgastrophusἈγάστροφος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of οὔτασεοὔτασεwoundedοὐτάζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδουρὶwith his spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to οὔτασε - 339
the hero son of Paeon, at the hip; but his horses were not
Metre
Παιονίδηνἥρωα‖κατἰσχίονοὐδέοἱἵπποι
Παιονίδηνson of PaeonΠαιονίδης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγάστροφονἥρωαthe heroἥρως · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγάστροφονκατatκατά · prepositionprepositionἰσχίονhipἰσχίον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of κατ̓οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleδέbutδέ · particlesentence particleοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἵπποιἵπποιhis horsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἔσαν - 340
near for his escape, for he had been deeply blinded in heart.
ἐγγὺςnearἐγγύς · adverbadverbial to ἔσανἔσανwereεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπροφυγεῖνto escapeπροφεύγω · aorist active infinitiveadverbial to ἔσανἀάσατοwas blindedἀάω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲforδέ · particlecoordinating wordμέγαdeeplyμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀάσατοθυμῷin heartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἀάσατο - 341
His attendant held them far off, while he on foot
Metre
τοὺςμὲνγὰρθεράπων‖ἀπάνευθἔχεναὐτὰρὃπεζὸς
τοὺςthemὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ἔχενμὲνwhileμέν · particlesentence particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleθεράπωνattendantθεράπων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔχενἀπάνευθfar awayἀπάνευθε · adverbadverbial to ἔχενἔχενheldἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαὐτὰρwhileἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordὃwhile heὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of θῦνεπεζὸςon footπεζός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 342
charged through the front ranks until he lost his dear life.
Metre
θῦνεδιὰπρομάχων‖εἷοςφίλονὤλεσεθυμόν
θῦνεchargedθύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionπρομάχωνfront ranksπρόμαχος · genitive plural masculine adjectiveobject of διὰεἷοςwhileεἷος · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionφίλονdearφίλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμόνὤλεσεlostὄλλυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἷοςθυμόνlifeθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὤλεσε - 343
Hector saw them quickly through the ranks and rushed upon them,
Metre
Ἕκτωρὀξὺνόησε‖κατὰστίχαςὦρτοἐπαὐτοὺς
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleὀξὺquicklyὀξύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to νόησενόησεsawνοέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκατὰthroughκατά · prepositionprepositionστίχαςranksστίξ · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to κατὰὦρτοrushedὄρνυμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionαὐτοὺςthemαὐτός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐπ̓ - 344
shouting aloud; and the strong battalions of Trojans followed with him.
κεκλήγωνshouting aloudκλάζω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὦρτοἅμαwith himἅμα · adverbadverbial to εἵποντοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΤρώωνof TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies φάλαγγεςεἵποντοfollowedἕπομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbφάλαγγεςbattalionsφάλαγξ · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of εἵποντο - 345
Seeing him, Diomedes, good at the war-cry, shuddered,
Metre
τὸνδὲἰδὼνῥίγησε‖βοὴνἀγαθὸςΔιομήδης
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἰδὼνδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleἰδὼνseeingεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ῥίγησεῥίγησεshudderedῥιγέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβοὴνat the war-cryβοή · accusative singular feminine nounmodifies ἀγαθὸςἀγαθὸςgood atἀγαθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιομήδηςΔιομήδηςDiomedesΔιομήδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓ - 346
and at once he spoke to Odysseus standing near:
Metre
αἶψαὈδυσσῆα‖προσεφώνεενἐγγὺςἐόντα
αἶψαat onceαἶψα · adverbadverbial to προσεφώνεενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὈδυσσῆαOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προσεφώνεενπροσεφώνεενspokeπροσφωνέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐγγὺςnearἐγγύς · adverbadverbial to ἐόνταἐόνταstandingεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 347
"Upon us now this ruin rolls — mighty Hector.
Metre
νῶϊνδὴτόδεπῆμα‖κυλίνδεταιὄβριμοςἝκτωρ
νῶϊνto us twoἐγώ · dative dual masculine pronounobject of κυλίνδεταιδὴnowδή · particlesentence particleτόδεthisὅδε · nominative singular neuter pronounmodifies πῆμαπῆμαruinπῆμα · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectκυλίνδεταιrollsκυλίνδω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὄβριμοςmightyὄβριμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 348
Come, let us stand and defend ourselves, holding our ground."
ἀλλcomeἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἄγεcomeἄγε · adverbsentence particleδὴand nowδή · particlesentence particleστέωμενstandἵστημι · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀλεξώμεσθαdefend ourselvesἀλέξω · aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbμένοντεςholding groundμένω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἀλεξώμεσθα - 349
So he spoke, and poising it, hurled his long-shadowed spear,
Metre
ἦῥακαὶἀμπεπαλὼν‖προΐειδολιχόσκιονἔγχος
ἦso he spokeἠμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbῥαsoἄρα · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἀμπεπαλὼνhaving poised itἀναπάλλω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προΐειπροΐειhurledπροίημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδολιχόσκιονlong-shadowedδολιχόσκιος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of προΐει - 350
and struck; nor did he miss as he aimed at Hector's head,
Metre
καὶβάλενοὐδἀφάμαρτε‖τιτυσκόμενοςκεφαλῆφιν
καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleβάλενstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀφάμαρτεmissedἀφαμαρτάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτιτυσκόμενοςaimingτιτύσκομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀφάμαρτεκεφαλῆφινheadκεφαλή · genitive feminine nounobject of τιτυσκόμενος - 351
but hit the helmet's crown; bronze glanced away from bronze
Metre
ἄκρηνκὰκκόρυθα‖πλάγχθηἀπὸχαλκόφιχαλκός
ἄκρηνthe crownἄκρος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κόρυθακὰκonκατά · prepositionprepositionκόρυθαthe helmetκόρυς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of κὰκπλάγχθηglanced awayπλάζω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδbutδέ · particlesentence particleἀπὸaway fromἀπό · prepositionprepositionχαλκόφιbronzeχαλκός · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀπὸχαλκόςbronzeχαλκός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πλάγχθη - 352
and did not reach his fair skin, for the helmet checked it —
Metre
οὐδἵκετοχρόακαλόν‖ἐρύκακεγὰρτρυφάλεια
ἵκετοreachedἱκνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχρόαskinχρώς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἵκετοκαλόνfairκαλός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χρόαἐρύκακεchecked itἐρύκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτρυφάλειαhelmetτρυφάλεια · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐρύκακε - 353
three-ply and hollow-eyed, which Phoebus Apollo had given him.
Metre
τρίπτυχοςαὐλῶπις‖τήνοἱπόρεΦοῖβοςἈπόλλων
τρίπτυχοςthree-plyτρίπτυχος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies τρυφάλειααὐλῶπιςhollow-eyedαὐλω~πις · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies τρυφάλειατήνwhichὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of πόρεοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of πόρεπόρεhad givenπόρω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τρυφάλειαΦοῖβοςPhoebusΦοῖβος · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈπόλλωνἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πόρε - 354
Hector ran far back at once and merged with the throng;
Metre
Ἕκτωρὦκἀπέλεθρον‖ἀνέδραμεμίκτοὁμίλῳ
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶδandδέ · particlesentence particleὦκat onceὦκα · adverbadverbial to ἀνέδραμεἀπέλεθρονfarἀπέλεθρος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀνέδραμεἀνέδραμεran backἀνατρέχω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμίκτοmergedμίγνυμι · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleὁμίλῳwith the throngὅμιλος · dative singular masculine nounobject of μίκτο - 355
he fell to his knees and braced his thick hand
Metre
στῆδὲγνὺξἐριπὼν‖καὶἐρείσατοχειρὶπαχείῃ
στῆstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleγνὺξto his kneesγνύξ · adverbadverbial to ἐριπὼνἐριπὼνfallingἐρείπω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to στῆκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐρείσατοbracedἐρείδω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχειρὶhandχείρ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐρείσατοπαχείῃthickπαχύς · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χειρὶ - 356
against the earth, and dark night covered his eyes.
Metre
γαίηςἀμφὶδὲὄσσε‖κελαινὴνὺξἐκάλυψεν
γαίηςearthγαῖα · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐρείσατοἀμφὶoverἀμφί · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὄσσεeyesὄσσα · accusative dual neuter nounobject of ἐκάλυψενκελαινὴdarkκελαινός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νὺξνὺξnightνύξ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐκάλυψενἐκάλυψενcoveredκαλύπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 357
While the son of Tydeus went after the flight of his spear
Metre
ὄφραδὲΤυδεΐδης‖μετὰδούρατοςᾤχετἐρωὴν
ὄφραwhileὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὲwhileδέ · particlesentence particleΤυδεΐδηςthe son of TydeusΤυδείδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ᾤχετ̓μετὰafterμετά · prepositionemphasizing particleδούρατοςspearδόρυ · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies ἐρωὴνᾤχετwentοἴχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὄφραἐρωὴνflightἐρωή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ᾤχετ̓ - 358
far through the front ranks, where it had sunk into the earth,
Metre
τῆλεδιὰπρομάχων‖ὅθιοἱκαταείσατογαίης
τῆλεfar offτῆλε · adverbadverbial to ᾤχετ̓διὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionπρομάχωνfront ranksπρόμαχος · genitive plural masculine adjectiveobject of διὰὅθιwhereὅθι · adverbadverbial to καταείσατοοἱfor himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of καταείσατοκαταείσατοhad sunk intoκαθίζω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ᾤχετ̓γαίηςearthγαῖα · genitive singular feminine nounobject of καταείσατο - 359
Hector meanwhile regained his breath, sprang back into his chariot,
Metre
τόφρἝκτωρἔμπνυτο‖καὶἂψἐςδίφρονὀρούσας
τόφρmeanwhileτόφρα · adverbadverbial to καὶἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶἔμπνυτοbreathed againἐμπνέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἂψbackἄψ · adverbadverbial to ὀρούσαςἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionδίφρονchariotδίφρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐςὀρούσαςhaving sprungὀρούω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐξέλασ̓ - 360
and drove into the multitude, escaping black death.
Metre
ἐξέλασἐςπληθύν‖καὶἀλεύατοκῆραμέλαιναν
ἐξέλασdroveἐξελαύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionπληθύνthe throngπληθύς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐςκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀλεύατοescapedἀλέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκῆραdoomκήρ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀλεύατομέλαινανblackμέλας · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κῆρα - 361
Rushing at him with his spear, mighty Diomedes spoke:
Metre
δουρὶἐπαΐσσων‖προσέφηκρατερὸςΔιομήδης
δουρὶwith his spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐπαΐσσωνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπαΐσσωνrushing at himἐπαίσσω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηspokeπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκρατερὸςmightyκρατερός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιομήδηςΔιομήδηςDiomedesΔιομήδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 362
"Again now you have escaped death, dog, though evil came
Metre
ἐξαὖνῦνἔφυγες‖θάνατονκύονἦτέτοιἄγχι
ἐξfromἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleαὖagainαὖ · adverbsentence particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἔφυγεςἔφυγεςescapedφεύγω · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbθάνατονdeathθάνατος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔφυγεςκύονdogκύων · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleτέindeedτε · particlecoordinating wordτοιto youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of ἦλθεἄγχιnearἄγχι · adverbadverbial to ἦλθε - 363
close to you. Now once more Phoebus Apollo has saved you,
Metre
ἦλθεκακόννῦναὖτέ‖ἐρύσατοΦοῖβοςἈπόλλων
ἦλθεcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκακόνevilκακός · nominative singular neuter adjectivesubject of ἦλθενῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἐρύσατοαὖτέagainαὖτε · adverbsentence particleσyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of ἐρύσατοἐρύσατοsavedἐρύω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΦοῖβοςPhoebusΦοῖβος · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈπόλλωνἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐρύσατο - 364
to whom you must pray whenever you enter the din of spears.
Metre
ᾧμέλλειςεὔχεσθαι‖ἰὼνἐςδοῦπονἀκόντων
ᾧto whomὅς · dative singular masculine pronounobject of εὔχεσθαιμέλλειςmustμέλλω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἀπόλλωνεὔχεσθαιto prayεὔχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of μέλλειςἰὼνenteringεἶμι · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μέλλειςἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionδοῦπονdinδοῦπος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐςἀκόντωνof spearsἄκων · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies δοῦπον - 365
Surely I shall finish you later, when I meet you again,
Metre
ἦθήνἐξανύω‖γεκαὶὕστερονἀντιβολήσας
ἦsurelyἦ · adverbsentence particleθήνsurelyθήν · particlesentence particleσyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of ἐξανύωἐξανύωshall finishἐξανύω · present active subjunctive, 1st singular verbmain verbγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleὕστερονlaterὕστερος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀντιβολήσαςἀντιβολήσαςmeeting youἀντιβολέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐξανύω - 366
if some god also stands as helper beside me.
Metre
εἴπούτιςκαὶἔμοιγε‖θεῶνἐπιτάρροθόςἐστι
εἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπούperhapsπού · adverbsentence particleτιςsomeτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐστικαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἔμοιγεbeside meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐστιθεῶνgodθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τιςἐπιτάρροθόςhelperἐπιτάρροθος · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate nounἐστιisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἴ - 367
For now I shall fall upon the others, whoever I meet."
Metre
νῦναὖτοὺςἄλλους‖ἐπιείσομαιὅνκεκιχείω
νῦνfor nowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἐπιείσομαιαὖin turnαὖ · adverbsentence particleτοὺςtheὁ · accusative plural masculine articlemodifies ἄλλουςἄλλουςthe othersἄλλος · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐπιείσομαιἐπιείσομαιfall uponἐφίζω · aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verbmain verbὅνwhoeverὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of κιχείωκεmayἄν · particleemphasizing particleκιχείωi meetκιχάνω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbverb of a clause describing ἄλλους - 368
He spoke, and stripped the son of Paeon, famed with the spear.
Metre
ἦκαὶΠαιονίδην‖δουρὶκλυτὸνἐξενάριζεν
ἦhe spokeἠμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΠαιονίδηνson of PaeonΠαιονίδης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐξενάριζενδουρὶwith the spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounmodifies κλυτὸνκλυτὸνfamedκλυτός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Παιονίδηνἐξενάριζενwas strippingἐξεναρίζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 369
But Paris, husband of lovely-haired Helen,
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἈλέξανδροςParisἈλέξανδρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἙλένηςHelenἙλένη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies πόσιςπόσιςhusbandπόσις · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἠϋκόμοιοlovely-hairedεὔκομος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἑλένης - 370
drew his bow against the son of Tydeus, shepherd of the people,
Metre
Τυδεΐδῃἔπιτόξα‖τιταίνετοποιμένιλαῶν
Τυδεΐδῃthe son of TydeusΤυδείδης · dative singular masculine nounobjectἔπιagainstἐπί · prepositionprepositionτόξαbowτόξον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of τιταίνετοτιταίνετοdrewτιταίνω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbποιμένιshepherdποιμήν · dative singular masculine nounobjectλαῶνof the peopleλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ποιμένι - 371
leaning against a man-made pillar upon the burial mound
στήλῃpillarστήλη · dative singular feminine nounobject of κεκλιμένοςκεκλιμένοςleaningκλίνω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to τιταίνετοἀνδροκμήτῳman-madeἀνδρόκμητος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τύμβῳἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionτύμβῳmoundτύμβος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐπὶ - 372
of Ilus, son of Dardanus, an elder of long ago.
Metre
ἼλουΔαρδανίδαο‖παλαιοῦδημογέροντος
Ἴλουof IlusἾλος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies τύμβῳΔαρδανίδαοson of DardanusΔαρδανίδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Ἴλουπαλαιοῦlong agoπαλαιός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies δημογέροντοςδημογέροντοςelderδημογέρων · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Ἴλου - 373
Diomedes was stripping the corselet from mighty Agastrophus'
Metre
ἤτοιὃμὲνθώρηκα‖Ἀγαστρόφουἰφθίμοιο
ἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleὃDiomedesὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of αἴνυτ̓μὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleθώρηκαcorseletθώραξ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of αἴνυτ̓ἈγαστρόφουAgastrophusἈγάστροφος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θώρηκαἰφθίμοιοmightyἴφθιμος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀγαστρόφου - 374
chest, the gleaming shield from his shoulders,
Metre
αἴνυτἀπὸστήθεσφι‖παναίολονἀσπίδαὤμων
αἴνυτwas strippingαἴνυμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionστήθεσφιchestστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἀπὸπαναίολονgleamingπαναίολος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀσπίδαἀσπίδαshieldἀσπίς · accusative singular feminine nounobjectτandτε · particlesentence particleὤμωνshouldersὦμος · genitive plural masculine nounobject - 375
and the heavy helmet; but Paris drew back the bow's stave
Metre
καὶκόρυθαβριαρήν‖ὃδὲτόξουπῆχυνἄνελκε
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκόρυθαthe helmetκόρυς · accusative singular feminine nounobjectβριαρήνheavyβριαρός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κόρυθαὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καὶδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleτόξουbowτόξον · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies πῆχυνπῆχυνstaveπῆχυς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἄνελκεἄνελκεdrew backἀνέλκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 376
and shot. The shaft did not fly vainly from his hand,
Metre
καὶβάλενοὐδἄραμιν‖ἅλιονβέλοςἔκφυγεχειρός
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordβάλενshotβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔκφυγεἅλιονvainlyἅλιος · nominative singular neuter adjectivecircumstantial complementβέλοςshaftβέλος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔκφυγεἔκφυγεflew awayἐκφεύγω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχειρόςfrom his handχείρ · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἔκφυγε - 377
but struck the sole of his right foot; straight through went the arrow
Metre
ταρσὸνδεξιτεροῖο‖ποδόςδιὰἀμπερὲςἰὸς
ταρσὸνsoleταρσός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of βάλενδεξιτεροῖοrightδεξιτερός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ποδόςποδόςfootπούς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ταρσὸνδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionemphasizing particleδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀμπερὲςstraight throughἀμπερές · adverbadverbial to κατέπηκτοἰὸςarrowἰός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κατέπηκτο - 378
and fixed itself in the earth. Then Paris laughed very sweetly,
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionγαίῃearthγαῖα · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐνκατέπηκτοfixed itselfκαταπήγνυμι · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καὶδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleἡδὺsweetlyἡδύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to γελάσσαςγελάσσαςlaughedγελάω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀμπήδησε - 379
sprang up from his ambush, and spoke a word in triumph:
ἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionλόχουambushλόχος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκἀμπήδησεsprang upἀναπηδάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordεὐχόμενοςin triumphεὔχομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ηὔδαἔποςa wordἔπος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ηὔδαηὔδαspokeαὐδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 380
"You are hit, and my shaft did not fly in vain. Would that I had
Metre
βέβληαιοὐδἅλιον‖βέλοςἔκφυγενὡςὄφελόντοι
βέβληαιyou are hitβάλλω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἅλιονin vainἅλιος · nominative singular neuter adjectivecircumstantial complementβέλοςshaftβέλος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔκφυγενἔκφυγενflew awayἐκφεύγω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὡςwould thatὡς · adverbsentence particleὄφελόνI should haveὀφείλω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbτοιyouσύ · dative singular pronounmodifies κενεῶνα - 381
struck you in the lowest belly and torn the life from you.
Metre
νείατονἐςκενεῶνα‖βαλὼνἐκθυμὸνἑλέσθαι
νείατονlowestνέατος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies κενεῶναἐςinεἰς · prepositionprepositionκενεῶναbellyκενεών · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐςβαλὼνhaving struckβάλλω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἑλέσθαιἐκfromἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleθυμὸνthe lifeθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἑλέσθαιἑλέσθαιto tear awayαἱρέω · aorist middle infinitiveobject of ὄφελόν - 382
Then the Trojans too would have breathed again from misery,
Metre
οὕτωκενκαὶΤρῶες‖ἀνέπνευσανκακότητος
οὕτωsoοὕτως · adverbadverbial to ἀνέπνευσανκενwould haveἄν · particlesentence particleκαὶtooκαί · adverbemphasizing particleΤρῶεςthe TrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἀνέπνευσανἀνέπνευσανcaught breathἀναπνέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκακότητοςmiseryκακότης · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἀνέπνευσαν - 383
for they shudder at you as bleating goats shudder at a lion."
Metre
οἵτέσεπεφρίκασι‖λέονθὡςμηκάδεςαἶγες
οἵtheyὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of πεφρίκασιτέasτε · particlesentence particleσεyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of πεφρίκασιπεφρίκασιshudderφρίσσω · perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing Τρῶεςλέονθa lionλέων · accusative singular masculine nounobjectὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialμηκάδεςbleatingμηκάς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies αἶγεςαἶγεςgoatsαἴξ · nominative plural masculine nounsubject - 384
But mighty Diomedes answered him without fear:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleταρβήσαςhaving fearedταρβέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηansweredπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκρατερὸςmightyκρατερός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιομήδηςΔιομήδηςDiomedesΔιομήδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 385
"Archer, mocker, proud of your bow, girl-ogler —
Metre
τοξόταλωβητὴρ‖κέρᾳἀγλαὲπαρθενοπῖπα
τοξόταarcherτοξότης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headλωβητὴρmockerλωβητήρ · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies τοξότακέρᾳbowκέρας · dative singular neuter nounmodifies ἀγλαὲἀγλαὲproudἀγλαός · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headπαρθενοπῖπαgirl-oglerπαρθενοπίπης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided head - 386
if you were tested face-to-face with your armor,
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleἀντίβιονface-to-faceἀντίβιος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to πειρηθείηςσὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionτεύχεσιarmorτεῦχος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to σὺνπειρηθείηςwere testedπειράω · aorist passive optative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to εἰ - 387
your bow and crowded arrows would not protect you.
Metre
οὐκἄντοιχραίσμῃσι‖βιὸςκαὶταρφέεςἰοί
οὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἄνwouldἄν · particlesentence particleτοιyouσύ · dative singular pronounobject of χραίσμῃσιχραίσμῃσιprotectχραισμέω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbmain verbβιὸςbowβιός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordταρφέεςcrowdedταρφύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἰοίἰοίarrowsἰός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 388
Now you have only grazed the sole of my foot, and you boast in vain.
Metre
νῦνδέἐπιγράψας‖ταρσὸνποδὸςεὔχεαιαὔτως
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to εὔχεαιδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπιγράψαςἐπιγράψαςgrazedἐπιγράφω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εὔχεαιταρσὸνsoleταρσός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπιγράψαςποδὸςof my footπούς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ταρσὸνεὔχεαιyou boastεὔχομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbαὔτωςin vainαὔτως · adverbadverbial to εὔχεαι - 389
I care no more than if a woman struck me, or a witless child,
Metre
οὐκἀλέγωὡςεἴ‖μεγυνὴβάλοιἢπάϊςἄφρων
οὐκnoοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἀλέγωcareἀλέγω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbὡςor asὡς · adverbadverbialεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of βάλοιγυνὴa womanγυνή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἢβάλοιstruckβάλλω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἴἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordπάϊςchildπαῖς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἢἄφρωνwitlessἄφρων · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πάϊς - 390
for dull is the shaft of a cowardly, worthless man.
Metre
κωφὸνγὰρβέλοςἀνδρὸς‖ἀνάλκιδοςοὐτιδανοῖο
κωφὸνdullκωφός · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleβέλοςshaftβέλος · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectἀνδρὸςof a manἀνήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies βέλοςἀνάλκιδοςcowardlyἄναλκις · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifiesοὐτιδανοῖοworthlessοὐτιδανός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies - 391
But a shaft from me is otherwise: even if it merely grazes,
Metre
ἦἄλλωςὑπἐμεῖο‖καὶεἴὀλίγονπερἐπαύρῃ
ἦindeedἦ · adverbsentence particleτevenτε · particleemphasizing particleἄλλωςotherwiseἄλλως · adverbadverbial to καὶὑπfromὑπό · prepositionprepositionἐμεῖοfrom meἐγώ · genitive singular masculine pronounadverbial to ὑπ̓καὶevenκαί · adverbsentence particleεἴeven ifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκwouldἄν · particlesentence particleὀλίγονlittleὀλίγος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐπαύρῃπερevenπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἐπαύρῃgrazesἐπαυρέω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἴ - 392
it is sharp, and swiftly makes a man lifeless.
Metre
ὀξὺβέλοςπέλεται‖καὶἀκήριοναἶψατίθησι
ὀξὺsharpὀξύς · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounβέλοςshaftβέλος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of πέλεταιπέλεταιisπέλω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀκήριονspiritlessἀκήριος · accusative singular masculine adjectivecomplement of τίθησιαἶψαswiftlyαἶψα · adverbadverbial to τίθησιτίθησιmakesτίθημι · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 393
His wife's cheeks are torn on both sides,
τοῦhisὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies γυναικὸςδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleγυναικὸςwife'sγυνή · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies παρειαίμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleτbothτε · particlesentence particleἀμφίδρυφοίtorn both sidesἀμφίδρυφος · nominative plural feminine adjectivepredicate nounεἰσιareεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπαρειαίcheeksπαρειά · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of εἰσι - 394
and his children are orphans; staining the earth red with blood,
παῖδεςchildrenπαῖς · nominative plural masculine nounsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὀρφανικοίorphanedὀρφανικός · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of πύθεταιδέandδέ · particlesentence particleθandτε · particlesentence particleαἵματιwith bloodαἷμα · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐρεύθωνγαῖανthe earthγαῖα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐρεύθωνἐρεύθωνstaining redἐρεύθω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to πύθεται - 395
he rots, and the birds around him are more numerous than the women."
Metre
πύθεταιοἰωνοὶ‖δὲπερὶπλέεςἠὲγυναῖκες
πύθεταιhe rotsπύθω · present passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοἰωνοὶthe birdsοἰωνός · nominative plural masculine nounsubjectδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionemphasizing particleπλέεςmore numerousπλέες · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies οἰωνοὶἠὲthanἠέ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionγυναῖκεςwomenγυνή · nominative plural feminine nounmodifies ἠὲ - 396
So he spoke, and Odysseus, famed with the spear, came near
Metre
ὣςφάτοτοῦὈδυσεὺς‖δουρικλυτὸςἐγγύθενἐλθὼν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάτοφάτοhe spokeφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτοῦhimὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of πρόσθ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὈδυσεὺςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔστηδουρικλυτὸςspear-famedδουρικλειτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ὀδυσεὺςἐγγύθενnearἐγγύθεν · adverbobject of ἐλθὼνἐλθὼνcameἔρχομαι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔστη - 397
and stood before him; behind, Diomedes sat and drew the swift shaft
Metre
ἔστηπρόσθὃὄπισθε‖καθεζόμενοςβέλοςὠκὺ
ἔστηstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπρόσθbeforeπρόσθεν · prepositionprepositionὃDiomedesὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἕλκ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleὄπισθεbehindὄπισθεν · adverbadverbial to καθεζόμενοςκαθεζόμενοςsatκαθέζω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἕλκ̓βέλοςshaftβέλος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἕλκ̓ὠκὺswiftὠκύς · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies βέλος - 398
from his foot, and grievous pain passed through his flesh.
Metre
ἐκποδὸςἕλκὀδύνη‖δὲδιὰχροὸςἦλθἀλεγεινή
ἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionποδὸςfootπούς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκἕλκdrewἕλκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὀδύνηpainὀδύνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἦλθ̓δὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionχροὸςfleshχρώς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of διὰἦλθpassed throughἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀλεγεινήgrievousἀλεγεινός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ὀδύνη - 399
He sprang into his chariot and ordered his charioteer
ἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionδίφρονchariotδίφρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐςδandδέ · particlesentence particleἀνόρουσεsprangἀνορούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἡνιόχῳdriverἡνίοχος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπέτελλεἐπέτελλεgave chargeἐπιτέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 400
to drive toward the hollow ships, for his heart was heavy.
Metre
νηυσὶνἔπιγλαφυρῇσιν‖ἐλαυνέμενἤχθετογὰρκῆρ
νηυσὶνshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἔπιἔπιtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionγλαφυρῇσινhollowγλαφυρός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶνἐλαυνέμενto driveἐλαύνω · present active infinitiveobject of ἐπέτελλεἤχθετοweighed downἄχθομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleκῆρin his heartκῆρ · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἤχθετο - 401
Odysseus, famed with the spear, was left alone, and no one
Metre
οἰώθηὈδυσεὺς‖δουρὶκλυτόςοὐδέτιςαὐτῷ
οἰώθηwas left aloneοἰόομαι · aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleὈδυσεὺςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of οἰώθηδουρὶspear-famedδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounmodifies Ὀδυσεὺςκλυτόςfamedκλυτός · nominative singular masculine adjectiveemphasizing particleτιςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of παρέμεινεναὐτῷhimαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveobject of παρέμεινεν - 402
of the Argives remained beside him, since panic seized them all;
Metre
Ἀργείωνπαρέμεινεν‖ἐπεὶφόβοςἔλλαβεπάντας
Ἀργείωνof the ArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τιςπαρέμεινενremained besideπαραμένω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionφόβοςpanicφόβος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔλλαβεἔλλαβεseizedλαμβάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶπάνταςallπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἔλλαβε - 403
then in anguish he spoke to his own great-hearted spirit:
Metre
ὀχθήσαςἄραεἶπε‖πρὸςὃνμεγαλήτοραθυμόν
ὀχθήσαςtroubledὀχθέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἶπεδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleεἶπεspokeεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπρὸςtoπρός · prepositionprepositionὃνhis ownἑός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμόνμεγαλήτοραgreat-heartedμεγαλήτωρ · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμόνθυμόνspiritθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of πρὸς - 404
"Ah me, what shall I do? It is a great evil if I flee
Metre
ὤμοιἐγὼτίπάθω‖μέγαμὲνκακὸναἴκεφέβωμαι
ὤahὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleμοιmeἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronoungoverned by an elided headἐγὼiἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronoungoverned by an elided headτίwhatτις · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of πάθωπάθωshall i doπάσχω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbmain verbμέγαgreatμέγας · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κακὸνμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκακὸνevilκακός · nominative singular neuter adjectivesubjectαἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκεshallἄν · particlesentence particleφέβωμαιi fleeφέβομαι · present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to αἴ - 405
in fear of the multitude; yet worse if I am taken
Metre
πληθὺνταρβήσας‖τὸδὲῥίγιοναἴκενἁλώω
πληθὺνthe throngπληθύς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ταρβήσαςταρβήσαςin fearταρβέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to φέβωμαιτὸitὁ · nominative singular neuter pronounsubjectδὲyetδέ · particlecoordinating wordῥίγιονworseρίγιον · singular neuter comparative adjectivepredicate nounαἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκενi amἄν · particlesentence particleἁλώωtakenἁλίσκομαι · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to αἴ - 406
alone. The son of Cronos has routed the other Danaans.
Metre
μοῦνοςτοὺςἄλλους‖ΔαναοὺςἐφόβησεΚρονίων
μοῦνοςaloneμόνος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementτοὺςtheὁ · accusative plural masculine articlemodifies Δαναοὺςδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄλλουςthe otherἄλλος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ΔαναοὺςΔαναοὺςDanaansΔαναοί · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐφόβησεἐφόβησεroutedφοβέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΚρονίωνthe son of CronosΚρονίων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐφόβησε - 407
But why has my dear spirit debated this with me?
Metre
ἀλλὰτίἤμοιταῦτα‖φίλοςδιελέξατοθυμός
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleτίwhyτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to διελέξατοἤindeedἤ · interjectionsentence particleμοιwith meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of διελέξατοταῦταthese thingsοὗτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of διελέξατοφίλοςdearφίλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμόςδιελέξατοdebatedδιαλέγω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθυμόςspiritθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of διελέξατο - 408
For I know that cowards withdraw from war,
Metre
οἶδαγὰρὅττικακοὶ‖μὲνἀποίχονταιπολέμοιο
οἶδαi knowοἶδα · perfect active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleὅττιthatὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκακοὶcowardsκακός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἀποίχονταιμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἀποίχονταιwithdrawἀποίχομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbobject of δέπολέμοιοfrom warπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀποίχονται - 409
but whoever wins excellence in battle must
ὃςwhoeverὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀριστεύῃσιδέbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordκeverἄν · particlesentence particleἀριστεύῃσιwins excellenceἀριστεύω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τὸνμάχῃin battleμάχη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἔνιἔνιinἐν · prepositionprepositionτὸνheὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἑστάμεναιδὲindeedδέ · particleemphasizing particleμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleχρεὼmustχρεώ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject - 410
stand firm, whether he is struck or strikes another."
Metre
ἑστάμεναικρατερῶς‖ἤἔβλητἤἔβαλἄλλον
ἑστάμεναιto stand firmἵστημι · perfect active infinitiveobjectκρατερῶςfirmlyκρατερός · adverbadverbial to ἑστάμεναιἤorἤ · conjunctionsentence particleτorτε · particlesentence particleἔβλητwas struckβάλλω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἤἤorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordτorτε · particlesentence particleἔβαλstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἤἄλλονanotherἄλλος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἔβαλ̓ - 411
While he pondered these things in mind and spirit,
Metre
εἷοςὃταῦθὥρμαινε‖κατὰφρένακαὶκατὰθυμόν
εἷοςwhileεἷος · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionὃwhile heὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ὥρμαινεταῦθthese thingsοὗτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ὥρμαινεὥρμαινεwas ponderingὁρμαίνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἷοςκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionφρέναmindφρήν · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to κατὰκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionθυμόνspiritθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to κατὰ - 412
the ranks of shield-bearing Trojans came on
Metre
τόφραἐπὶΤρώων‖στίχεςἤλυθονἀσπιστάων
τόφραmeanwhileτόφρα · adverbadverbial to ἤλυθονδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐπὶonἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies στίχεςστίχεςranksστίξ · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἤλυθονἤλυθονcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀσπιστάωνof shield-bearersἀσπιστής · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρώων - 413
and penned him in among them, bringing ruin on themselves.
Metre
ἔλσανἐνμέσσοισι‖μετὰσφίσιπῆματιθέντες
ἔλσανpenned inεἴλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνamong themἐν · prepositionprepositionμέσσοισιthe midstμέσος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐνμετὰamong themμετά · prepositionprepositionσφίσιamong themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of μετὰπῆμαbaneπῆμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of τιθέντεςτιθέντεςbringingτίθημι · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἔλσαν - 414
As when dogs and lusty young men rush around a boar,
Metre
ὡςὅτεκάπριονἀμφὶ‖κύνεςθαλεροίαἰζηοὶ
ὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκάπριονwild boarκάπριος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀμφὶἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionκύνεςdogsκύων · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τ̓θαλεροίvigorousθαλερός · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies αἰζηοὶτandτε · particlecoordinating wordαἰζηοὶyoung menαἰζηός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of τ̓ - 415
and he comes out from a deep thicket,
Metre
σεύωνταιὃδέεἶσι‖βαθείηςἐκξυλόχοιο
σεύωνταιrushσεύω · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to δὲὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἶσιδέandδέ · particlesentence particleτandτε · particlesentence particleεἶσιgoesεἶμι · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δὲβαθείηςdeepβαθύς · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ξυλόχοιοἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionξυλόχοιοthicketξύλοχος · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐκ - 416
whetting his white tusk between his curving jaws,
Metre
θήγωνλευκὸνὀδόντα‖μετὰγναμπτῇσιγένυσσιν
θήγωνwhettingθήγω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἶσιλευκὸνwhiteλευκός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὀδόνταὀδόνταtuskὀδούς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of θήγωνμετὰbetweenμετά · prepositionprepositionγναμπτῇσιcurvingγναμπτός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies γένυσσινγένυσσινjawsγένυς · dative plural feminine nounobject of μετὰ - 417
and they dart around him, while beneath them the tusks clash
Metre
ἀμφὶδέἀΐσσονται‖ὑπαὶδέτεκόμποςὀδόντων
ἀμφὶaround himἀμφί · adverbadverbial to ἀΐσσονταιδέandδέ · particlesentence particleτandτε · particlesentence particleἀΐσσονταιdartἀίσσω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to δὲὑπαὶbeneathὑπό · prepositionemphasizing particleδέandδέ · particlesentence particleτεandτε · particlesentence particleκόμποςringκόμπος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of γίγνεταιὀδόντωνof tusksὀδούς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies κόμπος - 418
and ring; yet they stand fast at once, terrible though he is —
Metre
γίγνεταιοἳδὲμένουσιν‖ἄφαρδεινόνπερἐόντα
γίγνεταιarisesγίγνομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δὲοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of μένουσινδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμένουσινstand fastμένω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to δὲἄφαρat onceἄφαρ · adverbadverbial to μένουσινδεινόνterribleδεινός · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounπερthoughπέρ · particlesentence particleἐόνταbeingεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 419
so then the Trojans rushed around Odysseus, dear to Zeus.
Metre
ὥςῥατότἀμφὈδυσῆα‖Διῒφίλονἐσσεύοντο
ὥςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐσσεύοντοῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτότthenτότε · adverbadverbial to ἐσσεύοντοἀμφaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionὈδυσῆαOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀμφ̓Διῒto ZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounmodifies φίλονφίλονdearφίλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ὀδυσῆαἐσσεύοντοrushedσεύω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 420
First he wounded blameless Deiopites,
Metre
Τρῶεςὃδὲπρῶτον‖μὲνἀμύμοναΔηϊοπίτην
ΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἐσσεύοντοὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of αὐτὰρδὲbutδέ · particlesentence particleπρῶτονfirstπρῶτος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to οὔτασενμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἀμύμοναblamelessἀμύμων · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔηϊοπίτηνΔηϊοπίτηνDeiopitesΔηιοπίτης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of οὔτασεν - 421
leaping upon him and stabbing his shoulder from above with his sharp spear;
Metre
οὔτασενὦμονὕπερθεν‖ἐπάλμενοςὀξέϊδουρί
οὔτασενwoundedοὐτάζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὦμονshoulderὦμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὕπερθενὕπερθενaboveὕπερθεν · prepositionprepositionἐπάλμενοςsprang forwardἐφάλλομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to οὔτασενὀξέϊsharpὀξύς · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δουρίδουρίspearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐπάλμενος - 422
then after him he slew Thoon and Ennomus.
Metre
αὐτὰρἔπειταΘόωνα‖καὶἜννομονἐξενάριξε
αὐτὰρandἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordἔπειταafter himἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἐξενάριξεΘόωναThoonΘόων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἜννομονEnnomusἜννομος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἐξενάριξεslewἐξεναρίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 423
Then Chersidamas, as he sprang down from his chariot,
Metre
Χερσιδάμανταἔπειτα‖καθἵππωνἀΐξαντα
ΧερσιδάμανταChersidamasΧερσιδάμας · accusative singular masculine nounobject of νύξενδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to νύξενκαθdown fromκατά · prepositionprepositionἵππωνchariotἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of καθ̓ἀΐξανταleapingἀίσσω · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 424
he stabbed with his spear in the lower belly beneath the bossed shield;
Metre
δουρὶκατὰπρότμησιν‖ὑπἀσπίδοςὀμφαλοέσσης
δουρὶwith his spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to νύξενκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionπρότμησινlower bellyπρότμησις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of κατὰὑπbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionἀσπίδοςshieldἀσπίς · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ὑπ̓ὀμφαλοέσσηςbossedὀμφαλόεις · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀσπίδος - 425
he fell in the dust and clutched the earth in his palm.
Metre
νύξενὃἐνκονίῃσι‖πεσὼνἕλεγαῖανἀγοστῷ
νύξενstabbedνύσσω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἕλεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionκονίῃσιdustκονία · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνπεσὼνhaving fallenπίπτω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἕλεἕλεclutchedαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγαῖανthe earthγαῖα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἕλεἀγοστῷpalmἀγοστός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἕλε - 426
He left those men, then wounded Charops, son of Hippasus, with his spear,
Metre
τοὺςμὲνἔασὃἄρἹππασίδην‖Χάροποὔτασεδουρὶ
τοὺςthoseὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ἔασ̓μὲνthenμέν · particlesentence particleἔασleftἐάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of οὔτασεδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἹππασίδηνson of HippasusἹππασίδης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Χάροπ̓ΧάροπCharopsΧάροψ · accusative singular masculine nounobjectοὔτασεwoundedοὐτάζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδουρὶwith his spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to οὔτασε - 427
the own brother of wealthy Socus.
αὐτοκασίγνητονown brotherαὐτοκασίγνητος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectεὐηφενέοςwealthyεὐηφενής · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΣώκοιοΣώκοιοSocusΣῶκος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies αὐτοκασίγνητον - 428
To defend him came Socus, a godlike hero;
Metre
τῷἐπαλεξήσων‖Σῶκοςκίενἰσόθεοςφώς
τῷhimὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπαλεξήσωνδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐπαλεξήσωνto defendἐπαλέξω · future active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κίενΣῶκοςSocusΣῶκος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectκίενcameκίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἰσόθεοςgodlikeἰσόθεος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies φώςφώςheroφώς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 429
he came and stood very near, and spoke a word to him:
Metre
στῆδὲμάλἐγγὺςἰὼν‖καίμινπρὸςμῦθονἔειπεν
στῆstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleμάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleἐγγὺςnearἐγγύς · adverbobject of ἰὼνἰὼνcomingεἶμι · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to στῆκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔειπενπρὸςtoπρός · prepositionemphasizing particleμῦθονa wordμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔειπενἔειπενspokeεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 430
"Odysseus, much-praised, insatiate in guile and toil,
Metre
ὦὈδυσεῦπολύαινε‖δόλωνἆτἠδὲπόνοιο
ὦoὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleὈδυσεῦOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headπολύαινεmuch-praisedπολύαινος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifiesδόλωνguileδόλων · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἠδὲἆτinsatiateἄατος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifiesἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordπόνοιοtoilπόνος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἠδὲ - 431
today either you will boast over the two sons of Hippasus,
Metre
σήμερονἢδοιοῖσιν‖ἐπεύξεαιἹππασίδῃσι
σήμερονtodayσήμερον · adverbadverbial to ἤἢeitherἤ · conjunctionsentence particleδοιοῖσινtwoδοιοί · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἱππασίδῃσιἐπεύξεαιwill boast overἐπεύχομαι · aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular verbmain verbἹππασίδῃσιsons of HippasusἹππασίδης · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐπεύξεαι - 432
after killing two such men as us and stripping our armor,
Metre
τοιώδἄνδρεκατακτείνας‖καὶτεύχεἀπούρας
τοιώδsuchτοιόσδε · accusative dual masculine pronounmodifies ἄνδρεἄνδρεmenἀνήρ · accusative dual masculine nounobject of κατακτείναςκατακτείναςafter killingκατακτείνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordτεύχεarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἀπούραςἀπούραςhaving takenἀπαυράω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to καὶ - 433
or, struck beneath my spear, you will lose your life."
Metre
ἤκενἐμῷὑπὸδουρὶ‖τυπεὶςἀπὸθυμὸνὀλέσσῃς
ἤorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκενwillἄν · particlesentence particleἐμῷmyἐμός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δουρὶὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionδουρὶspearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounobject of ὑπὸτυπεὶςstruckτύπτω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὀλέσσῃςἀπὸawayἀπό · prepositionemphasizing particleθυμὸνlifeθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὀλέσσῃςὀλέσσῃςyou loseὄλλυμι · aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 434
So speaking, he struck the shield, round on every side.
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνοὔτησε‖κατἀσπίδαπάντοσἐΐσην
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to οὔτησεοὔτησεstruckοὐτάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκατonκατά · prepositionprepositionἀσπίδαshieldἀσπίς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of κατ̓πάντοσon every sideπάντοσε · adverbemphasizing particleἐΐσηνroundἔισος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀσπίδα - 435
Through the shining shield went the mighty spear,
Metre
διὰμὲνἀσπίδοςἦλθε‖φαεινῆςὄβριμονἔγχος
διὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἀσπίδοςshieldἀσπίς · genitive singular feminine nounobject of διὰἦλθεwentἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφαεινῆςshiningφαεινός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀσπίδοςὄβριμονmightyὄβριμος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςἔγχοςspearἔγχος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἦλθε - 436
and through the corselet, richly worked, it drove on,
Metre
καὶδιὰθώρηκος‖πολυδαιδάλουἠρήρειστο
καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionθώρηκοςcorseletθώραξ · genitive singular masculine nounobject of διὰπολυδαιδάλουrichly wroughtπολυδαίδαλος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies θώρηκοςἠρήρειστοhad been drivenἐρείδω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 437
and tore all the flesh away from his ribs; nor did
Metre
πάνταἀπὸπλευρῶν‖χρόαἔργαθενοὐδἔτἔασε
πάνταallπᾶς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χρόαδandδέ · particlesentence particleἀπὸaway fromἀπό · prepositionprepositionπλευρῶνribsπλευρά · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἀπὸχρόαfleshχρώς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔργαθενἔργαθενseveredἐργαθεῖν · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔτstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to ἔασεἔασεleftἐάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 438
Pallas Athena allow it to mingle with the man's entrails.
Metre
ΠαλλὰςἈθηναίη‖μιχθήμεναιἔγκασιφωτός
ΠαλλὰςPallasΠαλλάς · nominative singular feminine nounmodifies ἈθηναίηἈθηναίηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔασεμιχθήμεναιto mingleμίγνυμι · aorist passive infinitiveobject of ἔασεἔγκασιentrailsἔγκατα · dative plural neuter nounobject of μιχθήμεναιφωτόςman'sφώς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἔγκασι - 439
Odysseus knew that no fatal end had reached him,
Metre
γνῶὈδυσεὺςὅοἱοὔ‖τιτέλοςκατακαίριονἦλθεν
γνῶknewγιγνώσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleὈδυσεὺςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓ὅthatὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἦλθενοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to ἦλθεντέλοςendτέλος · nominative singular neuter nounobject of ἦλθενκατακαίριονfatalκατακαίριος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τέλοςἦλθενreachedἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of ὅ - 440
and, drawing back, he spoke a word to Socus:
Metre
ἂψἀναχωρήσας‖Σῶκονπρὸςμῦθονἔειπεν
ἂψbackἄψ · adverbadverbial to ἀναχωρήσαςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀναχωρήσαςdrawing backἀναχωρέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔειπενΣῶκονSocusΣῶκος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔειπενπρὸςtoπρός · prepositionemphasizing particleμῦθονa wordμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔειπενἔειπενspokeεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 441
"Ah, wretch, sheer destruction is surely overtaking you.
Metre
ἆδείλἦμάλαδή‖σεκιχάνεταιαἰπὺςὄλεθρος
ἆahἆ · interjectionemphasizing particleδείλwretchδείλος · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headἦsurelyἦ · adverbsentence particleμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleδήsurelyδή · particlesentence particleσεyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of κιχάνεταικιχάνεταιovertakesκιχάνω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαἰπὺςsheerαἰπύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὄλεθροςὄλεθροςdestructionὄλεθρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κιχάνεται - 442
You have indeed stopped me from fighting among the Trojans;
ἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleῥthenἆρα · particlesentence particleἔμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of μάχεσθαιἔπαυσαςstoppedπαύω · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἐπὶamongἐπί · prepositionprepositionΤρώεσσιamong the TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐπὶμάχεσθαιfrom fightingμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἔπαυσας - 443
But for you I declare that slaughter and black doom
Metre
σοὶἐγὼἐνθάδεφημὶ‖φόνονκαὶκῆραμέλαιναν
σοὶfor youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of φημὶδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐγὼiἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of φημὶἐνθάδεhereἐνθάδε · adverbadverbial to ἔσσεσθαιφημὶi sayφημί · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbφόνονslaughterφόνος · accusative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκῆραdoomκήρ · accusative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶμέλαινανblackμέλας · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κῆρα - 444
will be here this day; struck down beneath my spear,
Metre
ἤματιτῷδἔσσεσθαι‖ἐμῷὑπὸδουρὶδαμέντα
ἤματιdayἦμαρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἔσσεσθαιτῷδthisὅδε · dative singular neuter pronounmodifies ἤματιἔσσεσθαιwill beεἰμί · future middle infinitiveobject of δ̓ἐμῷmyἐμός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δουρὶδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionδουρὶspearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounobject of ὑπὸδαμένταbrought downδαμάζω · aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculineadverbial to δ̓ - 445
you will give glory to me, and your life to Hades of the famous horses."
Metre
εὖχοςἐμοὶδώσειν‖ψυχὴνἌϊδικλυτοπώλῳ
εὖχοςgloryεὖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of δώσεινἐμοὶto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of δώσεινδώσεινyou will giveδίδωμι · future active infinitiveobject of δ̓ψυχὴνyour lifeψυχή · accusative singular feminine nounobjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἌϊδιto HadesἈΐδης · dative singular masculine nounobjectκλυτοπώλῳof famous horsesκλυτόπωλος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἄϊδι - 446
He spoke, and Socus turned again and fled,
Metre
ἦκαὶὃμὲνφύγαδαὖτις‖ὑποστρέψαςἐβεβήκει
ἦhe spokeἠμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐβεβήκειμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleφύγαδfledφύγαδε · adverbobject of ἐβεβήκειαὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbadverbial to ἐβεβήκειὑποστρέψαςturnedὑποστρέφω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐβεβήκειἐβεβήκειwentβαίνω · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 447
As he turned, Odysseus planted the spear into his back
Metre
τῷδὲμεταστρεφθέντι‖μεταφρένῳἐνδόρυπῆξεν
τῷhisὁ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies μεταφρένῳδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleμεταστρεφθέντιas he turnedμεταστρέφω · aorist passive participle, dative singular masculinecircumstantial complementμεταφρένῳbackμετάφρενον · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἐνἐνintoἐν · prepositionprepositionδόρυspearδόρυ · accusative neuter nounobject of πῆξενπῆξενplantedπήγνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 448
between the shoulders, and drove it through his chest;
Metre
ὤμωνμεσσηγύς‖διὰδὲστήθεσφινἔλασσε
ὤμωνshouldersὦμος · genitive plural masculine nounadverbial to μεσσηγύςμεσσηγύςbetweenμεσηγύ · prepositionprepositionδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleστήθεσφινhis chestστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounobject of διὰἔλασσεdroveἐλαύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 449
he fell with a thud, and godlike Odysseus vaunted over him:
Metre
δούπησενδὲπεσών‖ὃἐπεύξατοδῖοςὈδυσσεύς
δούπησενfell with a thudδουπέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπεσώνfellπίπτω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δούπησενὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπεύξατοvaunted over himἐπεύχομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδῖοςgodlikeδῖος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσσεύςὈδυσσεύςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 450
"Socus, son of Hippasus the war-skilled tamer of horses,
Metre
ὦΣῶχἹππάσουυἱὲ‖δαΐφρονοςἱπποδάμοιο
ὦoὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleΣῶχSocusΣῶκος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἹππάσουHippasusἽππασος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὲυἱὲsonυἱός · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headδαΐφρονοςwar-skilledδαίφρων · genitive singular adjectivemodifies Ἱππάσουἱπποδάμοιοhorse-tamerἱππόδαμος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἱππάσου - 451
death's end was first to overtake you, and you did not escape it.
Metre
φθῆσετέλοςθανάτοιο‖κιχήμενονοὐδὑπάλυξας
φθῆwas firstφθάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbσεyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of φθῆτέλοςendτέλος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of φθῆθανάτοιοdeathθάνατος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies τέλοςκιχήμενονto overtakeκιχάνω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuteradverbial to φθῆὑπάλυξαςescapeὑπαλύσκω · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 452
Wretch, your father and queenly mother will not
Metre
ἆδείλοὐμὲνσοί‖γεπατὴρκαὶπότνιαμήτηρ
ἆahἆ · interjectionemphasizing particleδείλwretchedδείλος · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleσοίyouσύ · dative singular pronounobject of καθαιρήσουσιγεat leastγε · particleemphasizing particleπατὴρfatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπότνιαqueenlyπότνια · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μήτηρμήτηρmotherμήτηρ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶ - 453
close your eyes, though you are dead, but birds
Metre
ὄσσεκαθαιρήσουσι‖θανόντιπερἀλλοἰωνοὶ
ὄσσεeyesὄσσα · accusative dual neuter nounobject of καθαιρήσουσικαθαιρήσουσιcloseκαθαιρέω · future active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbθανόντιdeadθνήσκω · aorist active participle, dative singular masculinecircumstantial complementπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordοἰωνοὶbirdsοἰωνός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἐρύουσι - 454
that eat raw flesh will tear you, wrapping thick wings around you.
Metre
ὠμησταὶἐρύουσι‖περὶπτερὰπυκνὰβαλόντες
ὠμησταὶraw-flesh-eatingὠμηστής · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies οἰωνοὶἐρύουσιwill tearἐρύω · future active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionemphasizing particleπτερὰwingsπτερόν · accusative plural neuter nounobject of βαλόντεςπυκνὰthickπυκνός · accusative plural neuter adjectivecircumstantial complementβαλόντεςwrappingβάλλω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐρύουσι - 455
But if I die, the godlike Achaeans will bury me."
Metre
αὐτὰρἔμεἴκεθάνω‖κτεριοῦσίγεδῖοιἈχαιοί
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἔμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of κτεριοῦσίεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκεmayἄν · particlesentence particleθάνωi dieθνήσκω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to εἴκτεριοῦσίburyκτερίζω · future active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbγεat leastγε · particleemphasizing particleδῖοιgodlikeδῖος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχαιοίἈχαιοίAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of κτεριοῦσί - 456
So speaking, he drew warlike Socus' mighty spear
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνΣώκοιο‖δαΐφρονοςὄβριμονἔγχος
ὣςasὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἕλκεΣώκοιοSocusΣῶκος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἔγχοςδαΐφρονοςwarlikeδαίφρων · genitive singular adjectivemodifies Σώκοιοὄβριμονmightyὄβριμος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἕλκε - 457
out of his flesh and out of the bossed shield;
Metre
ἔξωτεχροὸςἕλκε‖καὶἀσπίδοςὀμφαλοέσσης
ἔξωout ofἔξω · prepositionprepositionτεandτε · particlesentence particleχροὸςfleshχρώς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of καὶἕλκεdrewἕλκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀσπίδοςshieldἀσπίς · genitive singular feminine nounobject of καὶὀμφαλοέσσηςbossedὀμφαλόεις · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀσπίδος - 458
blood spurted up as it was drawn, and troubled his spirit.
Metre
αἷμαδέοἱσπασθέντος‖ἀνέσσυτοκῆδεδὲθυμόν
αἷμαbloodαἷμα · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἀνέσσυτοδέandδέ · particlesentence particleοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies αἷμασπασθέντοςas it was drawnσπάω · aorist passive participle, genitive singular masculinemodifies αἷμαἀνέσσυτοspurted upἀνασεύομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκῆδεtroubledκήδω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordθυμόνspiritθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κῆδε - 459
When the great-hearted Trojans saw Odysseus' blood,
ΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἔβησανδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμεγάθυμοιgreat-heartedμεγάθυμος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρῶεςὅπωςwhenὅπως · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἴδονsawεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὅπωςαἷμbloodαἷμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἴδονὈδυσῆοςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies αἷμ̓ - 460
calling through the throng, they all advanced upon him.
Metre
κεκλόμενοικαθὅμιλον‖ἐπαὐτῷπάντεςἔβησαν
κεκλόμενοιcallingκέλομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἔβησανκαθthroughκατά · prepositionprepositionὅμιλονthe throngὅμιλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καθ̓ἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionαὐτῷhimαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἐπ̓πάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔβησανadvancedβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 461
But he gave ground backward and called to his companions.
Metre
αὐτὰρὅἐξοπίσω‖ἀνεχάζετοαὖεἑταίρους
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δ̓γat leastγε · particleemphasizing particleἐξοπίσωbackwardἐξοπίσω · adverbobject of ἀνεχάζετοἀνεχάζετοdrew backἀναχάζω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαὖεcried outαὔω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἑταίρουςcompanionsἑταῖρος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of αὖε - 462
Three times he shouted as loud as a man's head could hold,
Metre
τρὶςμὲνἔπειτἤϋσεν‖ὅσονκεφαλὴχάδεφωτός
τρὶςthree timesτρίς · adverbadverbial to ἤϋσενμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἔπειτthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἤϋσενἤϋσενshoutedαὔω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὅσονas loud asὅσος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to χάδεκεφαλὴheadκεφαλή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of χάδεχάδεcould containχανδάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἤϋσενφωτόςmanφώς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κεφαλὴ - 463
and three times Menelaus, dear to Ares, heard his cry.
τρὶςthree timesτρίς · adverbadverbial to ἄϊενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄϊενheardἀίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἰάχοντοςhis shoutingἰάχω · present active participle, genitive singular masculineobject of ἄϊενἄρηιAresἌρης · dative singular masculine nounmodifies φίλοςφίλοςdearφίλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενέλαοςΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἄϊεν - 464
At once he called to Ajax, who was near:
Metre
αἶψαἄρΑἴαντα‖προσεφώνεενἐγγὺςἐόντα
αἶψαat onceαἶψα · adverbadverbial to προσεφώνεενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleΑἴανταAjaxΑἴας · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προσεφώνεενπροσεφώνεενcalled toπροσφωνέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐγγὺςnearἐγγύς · adverbadverbial to ἐόνταἐόνταwho wasεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 465
"Ajax, sprung from Zeus, son of Telamon, marshal of men,
Metre
Αἶανδιογενὲς‖Τελαμώνιεκοίρανελαῶν
ΑἶανAjaxΑἴας · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headδιογενὲςsprung from Zeusδιογενής · vocative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ΑἶανΤελαμώνιεTelamonianΤελαμών · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Αἶανκοίρανεmarshalκοίρανος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headλαῶνmenλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies κοίρανε - 466
the cry of stout-hearted Odysseus has reached me,
Metre
ἀμφίὈδυσσῆος‖ταλασίφρονοςἵκετἀϋτὴ
ἀμφίtoἀμφί · prepositionprepositionμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀμφίὈδυσσῆοςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἀϋτὴταλασίφρονοςstout-heartedταλασίφρων · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ὀδυσσῆοςἵκετreachedἱκνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀϋτὴthe battle-cryἀυτή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἵκετ̓ - 467
as if the Trojans were overpowering him there alone,
Metre
τῷἰκέληὡςεἴ‖ἑβιῴατομοῦνονἐόντα
τῷto itὁ · dative singular neuter pronounmodifies ἰκέληἰκέληlikeἴκελος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀϋτὴὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἑhimἕ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of βιῴατοβιῴατοwere overpoweringβιάω · present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to εἴμοῦνονaloneμόνος · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐόνταbeingεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 468
cutting him off in the furious battle.
Metre
Τρῶεςἀποτμήξαντες‖ἐνὶκρατερῇὑσμίνῃ
Τρῶεςthe TrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of βιῴατοἀποτμήξαντεςcutting him offἀποτμήγω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to βιῴατοἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionκρατερῇfuriousκρατερός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ὑσμίνῃὑσμίνῃbattleὑσμίνη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνὶ - 469
But let us go through the throng; it is better to defend him.
Metre
ἀλλἴομενκαθὅμιλον‖ἀλεξέμεναιγὰρἄμεινον
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἴομενlet us goεἶμι · present active subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbκαθthroughκατά · prepositionprepositionὅμιλονthe throngὅμιλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καθ̓ἀλεξέμεναιto defendἀλέξω · present active infinitivesubjectγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἄμεινονbetterἀμείνων · nominative singular neuter comparative adjectivepredicate noun - 470
I fear he may suffer harm among the Trojans, left alone,
Metre
δείδωμήτιπάθῃσιν‖ἐνὶΤρώεσσιμονωθεὶς
δείδωi fearδείδω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbμήlestμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτιsome harmτις · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of πάθῃσινπάθῃσινmay sufferπάσχω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbobject of δὲἐνὶamongἐν · prepositionprepositionΤρώεσσιthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἐνὶμονωθεὶςleft aloneμονόω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to πάθῃσιν - 471
noble as he is, and great longing come upon the Danaans."
Metre
ἐσθλὸςἐώνμεγάλη‖δὲποθὴΔαναοῖσιγένηται
ἐσθλὸςnobleἐσθλός · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐώνas he isεἰμί · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to πάθῃσινμεγάληgreatμέγας · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ποθὴδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordποθὴlongingποθή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of γένηταιΔαναοῖσιthe DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject of γένηταιγένηταιmay comeγίγνομαι · aorist subjunctive, 3rd singular verbobject of δὲ - 472
So speaking, Menelaus led, and the godlike hero followed with him.
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνὃμὲνἦρχ‖ὃἅμἕσπετοἰσόθεοςφώς
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνspeakingεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἦρχ̓ὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἦρχ̓μὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἦρχledἄρχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἅμwithἅμα · adverbadverbial to ἕσπετοἕσπετοfollowedἕπομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἰσόθεοςgodlikeἰσόθεος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies φώςφώςthe manφώς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 473
Then they found Odysseus, dear to Zeus; around him
Metre
εὗρονἔπειτὈδυσῆα‖Διῒφίλονἀμφὶἄραὐτὸν
εὗρονfoundεὑρίσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἔπειτthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to εὗρονὈδυσῆαOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εὗρονΔιῒto ZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounmodifies φίλονφίλονdearφίλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ὀδυσῆαἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleαὐτὸνhimαὐτός · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἀμφὶ - 474
the Trojans pressed like blood-red jackals in the mountains
Metre
Τρῶεςἕπονθὡςεἴ‖τεδαφοινοὶθῶεςὄρεσφιν
ΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἕπονθ̓ἕπονθpressedἕπομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialεἴas whenεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτεandτε · particlesentence particleδαφοινοὶblood-redδαφοινός · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θῶεςθῶεςjackalsθώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubjectὄρεσφινmountainsὄρος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial - 475
around a horned stag that has been wounded, one a man struck
ἀμφaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionἔλαφονstagἔλαφος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀμφ̓κεραὸνhornedκεραός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἔλαφονβεβλημένονwoundedβάλλω · perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementὅνthatὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔβαλ̓τandτε · particlesentence particleἔβαλstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describingἀνὴρmanἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔβαλ̓ - 476
with an arrow from the string; the stag escaped him on foot
ἰῷarrowἰός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἔβαλ̓ἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionνευρῆςbowstringνευρά · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἀπὸτὸνthe stagὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἤλυξεμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleτandτε · particlecoordinating wordἤλυξεescapedἀλύσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τ̓πόδεσσιon footπούς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to φεύγων - 477
as it fled, while its blood was warm and its knees still moved;
Metre
φεύγωνὄφραἷμα‖λιαρὸνκαὶγούνατὀρώρῃ
φεύγωνas it fledφεύγω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἤλυξεὄφρwhileὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionαἷμαbloodαἷμα · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of καὶλιαρὸνwarmλιαρός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies αἷμακαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordγούνατkneesγόνυ · nominative dual neuter nounsubject of καὶὀρώρῃstill movedὄρνυμι · perfect active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὄφῤ - 478
but when the swift arrow overpowers it,
Metre
αὐτὰρἐπεὶδὴτόν‖γεδαμάσσεταιὠκὺςὀϊστός
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleτόνitὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of δαμάσσεταιγεat leastγε · particleemphasizing particleδαμάσσεταιoverpowersδαμάζω · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶὠκὺςswiftὠκύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὀϊστόςὀϊστόςarrowὀιστός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δαμάσσεται - 479
raw-flesh-eating jackals devour it in the mountains
Metre
ὠμοφάγοιμινθῶες‖ἐνοὔρεσιδαρδάπτουσιν
ὠμοφάγοιraw-flesh-eatingὠμοφάγος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θῶεςμινitμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of δαρδάπτουσινθῶεςjackalsθώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of δαρδάπτουσινἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionοὔρεσιmountainsὄρος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐνδαρδάπτουσινdevourδαρδάπτω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 480
in a shady woodland; then a god brings a lion against them,
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionνέμεϊwooded glenνέμος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐνσκιερῷshadyσκιερός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies νέμεϊἐπίagainstἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleτεthenτε · particlecoordinating wordλῖνa lionλίς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἤγαγεἤγαγεbringsἄγω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδαίμωνa godδαίμων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἤγαγε - 481
a ravager; the jackals scatter, but the lion devours the stag.
Metre
σίντηνθῶεςμέν‖τεδιέτρεσαναὐτὰρὃδάπτει
σίντηνa ravagerσίντης · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies λῖνθῶεςjackalsθώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of διέτρεσανμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleτεandτε · particlesentence particleδιέτρεσανfled apartδιατρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbαὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δάπτειδάπτειdevoursδάπτω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 482
So then around Odysseus, skilled in war and intricate in counsel,
Metre
ὥςῥατότἀμφὈδυσῆα‖δαΐφροναποικιλομήτην
ὥςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἕπονῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτότthenτότε · adverbadverbial to ἕπονἀμφaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionὈδυσῆαOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀμφ̓δαΐφροναwarlikeδαίφρων · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifiesποικιλομήτηνwilyποικιλομήτης · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies - 483
many brave Trojans pressed, but the hero
Metre
Τρῶεςἕπονπολλοί‖τεκαὶἄλκιμοιαὐτὰρὅἥρως
ΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἕπονἕπονpressedἕπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπολλοίmanyπολύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄλκιμοιbraveἄλκιμος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies καὶαὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies ἥρωςγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἥρωςthe heroἥρως · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀμύνετο - 484
darting with his spear, held off the pitiless day.
Metre
ἀΐσσωνᾧἔγχει‖ἀμύνετονηλεὲςἦμαρ
ἀΐσσωνdartingἀίσσω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀμύνετοᾧhisἑός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχειἔγχειwith the spearἔγχος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἀμύνετοἀμύνετοwarded offἀμύνω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνηλεὲςpitilessνηλής · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦμαρἦμαρdayἦμαρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀμύνετο - 485
Ajax came near, bearing a shield like a tower,
Metre
Αἴαςἐγγύθενἦλθε‖φέρωνσάκοςἠΰτεπύργον
ΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δὲδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐγγύθενnearἐγγύθεν · adverbobject of ἦλθεἦλθεcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφέρωνbearingφέρω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἦλθεσάκοςshieldσάκος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of φέρωνἠΰτεlikeἠύτε · particleprepositionπύργονtowerπύργος · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ἠΰτε - 486
and stood beside him; the Trojans scattered, each a different way.
Metre
στῆδὲπαρέξΤρῶες‖δὲδιέτρεσανἄλλυδιςἄλλος
στῆstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπαρέξbeside himπαρέξ · adverbadverbial to στῆΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of διέτρεσανδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδιέτρεσανfled apartδιατρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἄλλυδιςin different directionsἄλλυδις · adverbadverbial to ἄλλοςἄλλοςdifferentἄλλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 487
Then Menelaus, dear to Ares, led Odysseus out of the throng
Metre
ἤτοιτὸνΜενέλαος‖ἀρήϊοςἔξαγὁμίλου
ἤτοιthenἤτοι · particlesentence particleτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔξαγ̓ΜενέλαοςMenelausΜενέλαος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔξαγ̓ἀρήϊοςwarlikeἄρειος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Μενέλαοςἔξαγled outἐξάγω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὁμίλουthe throngὅμιλος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἔξαγ̓ - 488
holding him by the hand, while an attendant drove the horses near.
Metre
χειρὸςἔχωνεἷος‖θεράπωνσχεδὸνἤλασενἵππους
χειρὸςhandχείρ · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἔχωνἔχωνholdingἔχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔξαγ̓εἷοςwhileεἷος · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionθεράπωνattendantθεράπων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἤλασενσχεδὸνnearσχεδόν · adverbobject of ἤλασενἤλασενdroveἐλαύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἷοςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἤλασεν - 489
Ajax leapt upon the Trojans and slew Doryclus,
Metre
ΑἴαςδὲΤρώεσσιν‖ἐπάλμενοςεἷλεΔόρυκλον
ΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δὲδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleΤρώεσσινTrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐπάλμενοςἐπάλμενοςleaping ontoἐφάλλομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἷλεεἷλεslewαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΔόρυκλονDoryclusΔόρυκλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject - 490
Priam's bastard son; then he wounded Pandocus,
Metre
Πριαμίδηννόθονυἱόν‖ἔπειταδὲΠάνδοκονοὖτα
Πριαμίδηνson of PriamΠριαμίδης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies υἱόννόθονbastardνόθος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱόνυἱόνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to οὖταδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleΠάνδοκονPandocusΠάνδοκος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of οὖταοὖταwoundedοὐτάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 491
and wounded Lysander, Pyrasus, and Pylartes.
Metre
οὖταδὲΛύσανδρον‖καὶΠύρασονἠδὲΠυλάρτην
οὖταwoundedοὐτάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΛύσανδρονLysanderΛύσανδρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἠδὲκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleΠύρασονPyrasusΠύρασος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἠδὲἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordΠυλάρτηνPylartesΠυλάρτης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἠδὲ - 492
As when a river in flood comes down toward the plain,
Metre
ὡςὁπότεπλήθων‖ποταμὸςπεδίονδὲκάτεισι
ὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὁπότεwhenὁπότε · adverbsubordinating conjunctionπλήθωνin full floodπλήθω · present active participle, nominative singular masculinemodifies ποταμὸςποταμὸςriverποταμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κάτεισιπεδίονplainπεδίον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of κάτεισιδὲandδέ · particleemphasizing particleκάτεισιcomes downκάτειμι · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δέ - 493
a mountain torrent from the hills, fed by the rain of Zeus,
Metre
χειμάρρουςκατὄρεσφιν‖ὀπαζόμενοςΔιὸςὄμβρῳ
χειμάρρουςwinter torrentχειμάρρους · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ποταμὸςκατfromκατά · prepositionprepositionὄρεσφινmountainsὄρος · dative plural neuter nounobject of κατ̓ὀπαζόμενοςfedὀπάζω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κάτεισιΔιὸςZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ὄμβρῳὄμβρῳrainὄμβρος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ὀπαζόμενος - 494
and sweeps along many dry oaks and many pines,
Metre
πολλὰςδὲδρῦςἀζαλέας‖πολλὰςδέτεπεύκας
πολλὰςmanyπολύς · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies δρῦςδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleδρῦςoaksδρῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of δέἀζαλέαςdryἀζαλέος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies δρῦςπολλὰςmanyπολύς · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies πεύκαςδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεandτε · particleemphasizing particleπεύκαςpinesπεύκη · accusative plural feminine nounobject of δέ - 495
and casts a great mass of driftwood into the sea,
Metre
ἐσφέρεταιπολλὸν‖δέἀφυσγετὸνεἰςἅλαβάλλει
ἐσφέρεταιsweeps alongεἰσφέρω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δέπολλὸνgreatπολύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἀφυσγετὸνδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτandτε · particleemphasizing particleἀφυσγετὸνdriftwoodἀφυσγετός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of βάλλειεἰςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἅλαthe seaἅλς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἰςβάλλειcastsβάλλω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δέ - 496
so glorious Ajax drove them in rout across the plain,
Metre
ὣςἔφεπεκλονέων‖πεδίοντότεφαίδιμοςΑἴας
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφεπεἔφεπεdroveἐφέπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκλονέωνin routκλονέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔφεπεπεδίονplainπεδίον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of κλονέωντότεthenτότε · adverbadverbial to ἔφεπεφαίδιμοςgloriousφαίδιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΑἴαςΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔφεπε - 497
slaughtering horses and men. Hector had not yet
Metre
δαΐζωνἵππους‖τεκαὶἀνέραςοὐδέπωἝκτωρ
δαΐζωνcutting upδαίζω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔφεπεἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀνέραςmenἀνήρ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶπωyetπω · particlesentence particleἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πεύθετ̓ - 498
learned of it, for he fought on the far left of the whole battle,
Metre
πεύθετἐπείῥαμάχης‖ἐπἀριστερὰμάρνατοπάσης
πεύθετlearnedπεύθομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπείforἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleμάχηςbattleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἀριστερὰἐπonἐπί · prepositionprepositionἀριστερὰthe leftἀριστερός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐπ̓μάρνατοfoughtμάρναμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπείπάσηςwholeπᾶς · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies μάχης - 499
beside the banks of the river Scamander, where most of all
ὄχθαςthe banksὄχθη · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to πὰρπὰρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionποταμοῖοriverποταμός · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ὄχθαςΣκαμάνδρουScamanderΣκάμανδρος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ποταμοῖοτῇthereτῇ · adverbadverbial to δ̓ῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleμάλισταmostμάλιστα · adverbadverbial to πῖπτε - 500
the heads of men were falling and an unceasing cry had risen
Metre
ἀνδρῶνπῖπτεκάρηνα‖βοὴἄσβεστοςὀρώρει
ἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies κάρηναπῖπτεfallingπίπτω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓κάρηναheadsκάρηνον · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of πῖπτεβοὴcryβοή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ὀρώρειδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄσβεστοςunceasingἄσβεστος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies βοὴὀρώρειhad risenὄρνυμι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓ - 501
around great Nestor and warlike Idomeneus.
Metre
Νέστοράἀμφὶμέγαν‖καὶἀρήϊονἸδομενῆα
ΝέστοράNestorΝέστωρ · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to καὶτandτε · particlesentence particleἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionμέγανgreatμέγας · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Νέστοράκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀρήϊονwarlikeἄρειος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἸδομενῆαἸδομενῆαIdomeneusἸδομενεύς · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to καὶ - 502
Hector moved among them, working terrible deeds
Metre
Ἕκτωρμὲνμετὰτοῖσιν‖ὁμίλειμέρμεραῥέζων
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓μὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionτοῖσινthemὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of μετὰὁμίλειmoved amongὁμιλέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμέρμεραterribleμέρμερος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ῥέζωνῥέζωνworkingῥέζω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὁμίλει - 503
with spear and horsemanship, and ravaged the ranks of young men.
Metre
ἔγχεΐἱπποσύνῃ‖τενέωνἀλάπαζεφάλαγγας
ἔγχεΐwith spearἔγχος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to τεθandτε · particlesentence particleἱπποσύνῃhorsemanshipἱπποσύνη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordνέωνyoung menνέος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies φάλαγγαςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀλάπαζεravagedἀλαπάζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφάλαγγαςthe ranksφάλαγξ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἀλάπαζε - 504
Nor would the godlike Achaeans yet have yielded from their path
Metre
οὐδἄνπωχάζοντο‖κελεύθουδῖοιἈχαιοὶ
ἄνwouldἄν · particlesentence particleπωyetπω · particlesentence particleχάζοντοhave yieldedχάζω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκελεύθουpathκέλευθος · genitive singular feminine nounobject of χάζοντοδῖοιgodlikeδῖος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχαιοὶἈχαιοὶAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of χάζοντο - 505
if Paris, husband of lovely-haired Helen,
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὴnotμή · particleemphasizing particleἈλέξανδροςParisἈλέξανδρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἙλένηςHelenἙλένη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies πόσιςπόσιςhusbandπόσις · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἠϋκόμοιοlovely-hairedεὔκομος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἑλένης - 506
had not checked Machaon, shepherd of the people, in his triumph,
Metre
παῦσενἀριστεύοντα‖Μαχάοναποιμέναλαῶν
παῦσενhad checkedπαύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἰἀριστεύονταin his triumphἀριστεύω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementΜαχάοναMachaonΜαχάων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of παῦσενποιμέναshepherdποιμήν · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Μαχάοναλαῶνthe peopleλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ποιμένα - 507
striking his right shoulder with a triple-barbed arrow.
Metre
ἰῷτριγλώχινι‖βαλὼνκατὰδεξιὸνὦμον
ἰῷarrowἰός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to βαλὼντριγλώχινιthree-barbedτριγλώχις · dative singular masculine nounmodifies ἰῷβαλὼνstrikingβάλλω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to παῦσενκατὰthroughκατά · prepositionprepositionδεξιὸνrightδεξιός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὦμονὦμονshoulderὦμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κατὰ - 508
Then the Achaeans, breathing fury, feared greatly for him,
Metre
τῷῥαπερίδεισαν‖μένεαπνείοντεςἈχαιοὶ
τῷfor himὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of περίδεισανῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleπερίδεισανfeared greatlyπεριδείδω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbμένεαfuryμένος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of πνείοντεςπνείοντεςbreathingπνέω · present active participle, nominative plural masculinemodifies ἈχαιοὶἈχαιοὶAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of περίδεισαν - 509
lest somehow, as the battle turned, the Trojans seize him.
Metre
μήπώςμινπολέμοιο‖μετακλινθέντοςἕλοιεν
μήlestμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπώςsomehowπῶς · adverbsentence particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἕλοιενπολέμοιοbattleπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounsubject of μετακλινθέντοςμετακλινθέντοςturned asideμετακλίνομαι · aorist passive participle, genitive singular masculineadverbial to ἕλοιενἕλοιενmight seizeαἱρέω · aorist active optative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to μή - 510
At once Idomeneus called to godlike Nestor:
Metre
αὐτίκαἸδομενεὺς‖προσεφώνεεΝέστοραδῖον
αὐτίκαat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to προσεφώνεεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἸδομενεὺςIdomeneusἸδομενεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσεφώνεεπροσεφώνεεcalled toπροσφωνέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΝέστοραNestorΝέστωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προσεφώνεεδῖονgodlikeδῖος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Νέστορα - 511
"Nestor, son of Neleus, great glory of the Achaeans,
Metre
ὦΝέστορΝηληϊάδη‖μέγακῦδοςἈχαιῶν
ὦoὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleΝέστορNestorΝέστωρ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headΝηληϊάδηson of NeleusΝηληιάδης · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies Νέστορμέγαgreatμέγας · vocative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κῦδοςκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · vocative singular neuter noungoverned by an elided headἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies κῦδος - 512
come, mount your chariot, and let Machaon beside you
Metre
ἄγρεισῶνὀχέων‖ἐπιβήσεοπὰρδὲΜαχάων
ἄγρειcome nowἀγρέω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbσῶνyourσός · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies ὀχέωνὀχέωνchariotὄχος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἐπιβήσεοἐπιβήσεοmountἐπιβαίνω · aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbπὰρbesideπαρά · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleΜαχάωνMachaonΜαχάων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of βαινέτω - 513
mount too; drive the single-hoofed horses swiftly to the ships.
Metre
βαινέτωἐςνῆας‖δὲτάχιστἔχεμώνυχαςἵππους
βαινέτωlet him mountβαίνω · present active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐςδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτάχιστmost swiftlyταχύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἔχεἔχεdriveἔχω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbμώνυχαςsingle-hoofedμω~νυξ · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἔχε - 514
For one healer is worth many other men
Metre
ἰητρὸςγὰρἀνὴρ‖πολλῶνἀντάξιοςἄλλων
ἰητρὸςhealerἰατρός · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἀνὴργὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἀνὴρmanἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectπολλῶνmanyπολύς · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἄλλωνἀντάξιοςworth as muchἀντάξιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἄλλωνothersἄλλος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀντάξιος - 515
for cutting out arrows and sprinkling on soothing medicines."
Metre
ἰούςἐκτάμνειν‖ἐπίἤπιαφάρμακαπάσσειν
ἰούςarrowsἰός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐκτάμνειντandτε · particlesentence particleἐκτάμνεινcut outἐκτέμνω · present active infinitivemodifies τ̓ἐπίonἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleτandτε · particlecoordinating wordἤπιαsoothingἤπιος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies φάρμακαφάρμακαdrugsφάρμακον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of πάσσεινπάσσεινto sprinkleπάσσω · present active infinitivemodifies τ̓ - 516
So he spoke, and Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, did not disobey.
Metre
ὣςἔφατοὐδἀπίθησε‖ΓερήνιοςἱππόταΝέστωρ
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατspokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀπίθησεdid not disobeyἀπιθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΓερήνιοςGerenianΓερήνιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἱππόταἱππόταhorsemanἱππότης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΝέστωρΝέστωρNestorΝέστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπίθησε - 517
At once he mounted his own chariot, and beside him Machaon
Metre
αὐτίκαὧνὀχέων‖ἐπεβήσετοπὰρδὲΜαχάων
αὐτίκαat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to ἐπεβήσετοδandδέ · particlesentence particleὧνhis ownἑός · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies ὀχέωνὀχέωνchariotὄχος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἐπεβήσετοἐπεβήσετοmountedἐπιβαίνω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπὰρbesideπαρά · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΜαχάωνMachaonΜαχάων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 518
mounted, son of Asclepius, the blameless healer.
Metre
βαῖνἈσκληπιοῦυἱὸς‖ἀμύμονοςἰητῆρος
βαῖνmountedβαίνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈσκληπιοῦof AsclepiusἈσκληπιός · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸςυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἀμύμονοςblamelessἀμύμων · genitive singular adjectivemodifies ἰητῆροςἰητῆροςhealerἰατήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀσκληπιοῦ - 519
he lashed them, and the pair flew onward willingly
μάστιξενhe lashedμαστίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἵππουςthe horsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of μάστιξεντὼthe pairὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of πετέσθηνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἀέκοντεunwillingἀέκων · nominative dual masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπετέσθηνflew onwardπέτομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verb - 520
toward the hollow ships, for that way pleased their hearts.
Metre
νῆαςἔπιγλαφυράς‖τῇγὰρφίλονἔπλετοθυμῷ
νῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἔπιἔπιtowardἐπί · prepositionprepositionγλαφυράςhollowγλαφυρός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςτῇthat wayτῇ · adverbadverbial to ἔπλετογὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleφίλονpleasingφίλος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἔπλετοwasπέλω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbialθυμῷheartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἔπλετο - 521
Then Cebriones saw the Trojans being driven in rout
Metre
ΚεβριόνηςδὲΤρῶας‖ὀρινομένουςἐνόησεν
ΚεβριόνηςCebrionesΚεβριόνης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καίδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleΤρῶαςTrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐνόησενὀρινομένουςbeing routedὀρίνω · present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complementἐνόησενsawνοέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 522
as he stood beside Hector, and he spoke to him:
Metre
Ἕκτοριπαρβεβαώς‖καίμινπρὸςμῦθονἔειπεν
ἝκτοριHectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of παρβεβαώςπαρβεβαώςstood besideπαραβαίνω · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐνόησενκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔειπενπρὸςtowardπρός · prepositionemphasizing particleμῦθονwordμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔειπενἔειπενspokeεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 523
"Hector, we two are fighting the Danaans here
Metre
Ἕκτορνῶϊμὲνἐνθάδ‖ὁμιλέομενΔαναοῖσιν
ἝκτορHectorἝκτωρ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headνῶϊwe twoἐγώ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of ὁμιλέομενμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐνθάδhereἐνθάδε · adverbadverbial to ὁμιλέομενὁμιλέομενare fightingὁμιλέω · present active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbΔαναοῖσινthe DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject of ὁμιλέομεν - 524
at the edge of the harsh-sounding war; but all the other
Metre
ἐσχατιῇπολέμοιο‖δυσηχέοςοἳδὲδὴἄλλοι
ἐσχατιῇat the edgeἐσχατιά · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ὁμιλέομενπολέμοιοwarπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἐσχατιῇδυσηχέοςdread-echoingδυσηχής · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies πολέμοιοοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine articlemodifies Τρῶεςδὲbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordδὴnowδή · particlesentence particleἄλλοιotherἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρῶες - 525
Trojans are driven pell-mell, horses and men alike.
Metre
Τρῶεςὀρίνονται‖ἐπιμὶξἵπποιτεκαὶαὐτοί
ΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubjectὀρίνονταιare drivenὀρίνω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐπιμὶξmingled togetherἐπιμίξ · adverbadverbial to ὀρίνονταιἵπποιhorsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordαὐτοίthe menαὐτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of καὶ - 526
Ajax, son of Telamon, is routing them; I know him well,
Metre
Αἴαςδὲκλονέει‖Τελαμώνιοςεὖδέμινἔγνων
ΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κλονέειδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκλονέειis routingκλονέω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΤελαμώνιοςTelamonianΤελαμών · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Αἴαςεὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to ἔγνωνδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔγνωνἔγνωνi knowγιγνώσκω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 527
for the shield spread broad about his shoulders. But let us too
Metre
εὐρὺγὰρἀμφὤμοισιν‖ἔχεισάκοςἀλλὰκαὶἡμεῖς
εὐρὺbroadεὐρύς · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies σάκοςγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἀμφaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionὤμοισινhis shouldersὦμος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀμφ̓ἔχειhe bearsἔχω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbσάκοςshieldσάκος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔχειἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleκαὶtooκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἡμεῖςweἐγώ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἰθύνομεν - 528
steer the horses and chariot there, where most of all
Metre
κεῖσἵππουςτεκαὶἅρμ‖ἰθύνομενἔνθαμάλιστα
κεῖσthereἐκεῖσε · adverbobject of ἰθύνομενἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἅρμchariotἅρμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶἰθύνομενlet us driveἰθύνω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbἔνθαthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to δ̓μάλισταmostμάλιστα · adverbadverbial to ὀλέκουσι - 529
chariot-fighters and footmen have set bitter strife before them
Metre
ἱππῆεςπεζοί‖τεκακὴνἔριδαπροβαλόντες
ἱππῆεςhorsemenἱππεύς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τεπεζοίfootmenπεζός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordκακὴνbitterκακός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἔριδαἔριδαstrifeἔρις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of προβαλόντεςπροβαλόντεςsetting before themπροβάλλω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ὀλέκουσι - 530
and kill one another, and an unceasing cry has risen."
Metre
ἀλλήλουςὀλέκουσι‖βοὴἄσβεστοςὄρωρεν
ἀλλήλουςone anotherἀλλήλων · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ὀλέκουσιὀλέκουσιkillὀλέκω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing δ̓βοὴcryβοή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ὄρωρενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄσβεστοςunceasingἄσβεστος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies βοὴὄρωρενhas risenὄρνυμι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing δ̓ - 531
So speaking, he lashed the lovely-maned horses
Metre
ὣςἄραφωνήσας‖ἵμασενκαλλίτριχαςἵππους
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φωνήσαςἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleφωνήσαςspeakingφωνέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἵμασενἵμασενlashedἱμάσσω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαλλίτριχαςlovely-manedκαλλίθριξ · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἵμασεν - 532
with the shrill whip; and when they felt the blow,
μάστιγιwhipμάστιξ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἵμασενλιγυρῇshrillλιγυρός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μάστιγιτοὶtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἔφερονδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπληγῆςthe blowπληγή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἀΐοντεςἀΐοντεςfeltἀίω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἔφερον - 533
they swiftly bore the racing chariot among Trojans and Achaeans,
Metre
ῥίμφἔφερονθοὸνἅρμα‖μετὰΤρῶαςκαὶἈχαιοὺς
ῥίμφswiftlyῥίμφα · adverbadverbial to ἔφερονἔφερονboreφέρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbθοὸνswiftθοός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἅρμαἅρμαchariotἅρμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔφερονμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionΤρῶαςTrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἈχαιοὺςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of καὶ - 534
trampling corpses and shields; and with blood the axle
Metre
στείβοντεςνέκυάς‖τεκαὶἀσπίδαςαἵματιἄξων
στείβοντεςtramplingστείβω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἔφεροννέκυάςcorpsesνέκυς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀσπίδαςshieldsἀσπίς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶαἵματιwith bloodαἷμα · dative singular neuter nounobject of πεπάλακτοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄξωνaxleἄξων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 535
beneath was wholly spattered, and the rails around the chariot,
Metre
νέρθενἅπαςπεπάλακτο‖καὶἄντυγεςαἳπερὶδίφρον
νέρθενbeneathἔνερθε · adverbadverbial to πεπάλακτοἅπαςwhollyἅπας · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἄξωνπεπάλακτοwas splashedπαλάσσω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄντυγεςrailsἄντυξ · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of καὶαἳwhichὅς · nominative plural feminine pronounsubjectπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionδίφρονchariotδίφρος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to περὶ - 536
struck by droplets flung from the horses' hooves
Metre
ἃςἄρἀφἱππείων‖ὁπλέωνῥαθάμιγγεςἔβαλλον
ἃςwhichὅς · accusative plural feminine pronounobject of τ̓ἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἀφfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionἱππείωνthe horsesἵππειος · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies ὁπλέωνὁπλέωνhoovesὁπλή · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to ἀφ̓ῥαθάμιγγεςdropsῥαθάμιγξ · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἔβαλλονἔβαλλονstruckβάλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing τ̓ - 537
and from the wheel rims. Hector yearned to plunge into the throng
Metre
αἵἀπἐπισσώτρων‖ὃδὲἵετοδῦναιὅμιλον
αἵwhichὅς · nominative plural feminine pronounsubjectτandτε · particlecoordinating wordἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionἐπισσώτρωνwheel rimsἐπίσωτρον · genitive plural neuter nounadverbial to ἀπ̓ὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἵετοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἵετοyearnedἵημι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδῦναιto plungeδύω · aorist active infinitiveobject of τεὅμιλονthe throngὅμιλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of δῦναι - 538
of men and break it open with his charge; and he cast savage turmoil
Metre
ἀνδρόμεονῥῆξαί‖τεμετάλμενοςἐνδὲκυδοιμὸν
ἀνδρόμεονhumanἀνδρόμεος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὅμιλονῥῆξαίto break openῥήγνυμι · aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verbobject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordμετάλμενοςwith his chargeμεθάλλομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ῥῆξαίἐνinἐν · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleκυδοιμὸνturmoilκυδοιμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἧκε - 539
among the Danaans, and gave his spear little rest.
Metre
ἧκεκακὸνΔαναοῖσι‖μίνυνθαδὲχάζετοδουρός
ἧκεcastἵημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκακὸνsavage evilκακός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies κυδοιμὸνΔαναοῖσιthe DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἧκεμίνυνθαlittleμίνυνθα · adverbadverbial to χάζετοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχάζετοrestedχάζω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδουρόςspearδόρυ · genitive singular neuter nounobject of χάζετο - 540
But he ranged through the ranks of the other men
Metre
αὐτὰρὃτῶνἄλλων‖ἐπεπωλεῖτοστίχαςἀνδρῶν
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δ̓τῶνof theὁ · genitive plural masculine articlemodifies ἀνδρῶνἄλλωνothersἄλλος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνδρῶνἐπεπωλεῖτοranged throughἐπιπωλέομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbστίχαςranksστίξ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπεπωλεῖτοἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies στίχας - 541
with spear and sword and great stones,
ἔγχεΐwith spearἔγχος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to τετandτε · particlesentence particleἄορίwith his swordἄορ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to τετεandτε · particlesentence particleμεγάλοισίgreatμέγας · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies χερμαδίοισιντεandτε · particlecoordinating wordχερμαδίοισινstonesχερμάδιον · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to τε - 542
but he avoided battle with Ajax, son of Telamon.
ΑἴαντοςAjaxΑἴας · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies μάχηνδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀλέεινεavoidedἀλεείνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμάχηνbattleμάχη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀλέεινεΤελαμωνιάδαοson of TelamonΤελαμωνιάδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Αἴαντος - 544
Then father Zeus, throned on high, roused Ajax into flight.
Metre
ΖεὺςδὲπατὴρΑἴανθ‖ὑψίζυγοςἐνφόβονὦρσε
ΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὦρσεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπατὴρfatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΖεὺςΑἴανθAjaxΑἴας · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὦρσεὑψίζυγοςthroned on highὑψίζυγος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ζεὺςἐνintoἐν · prepositionprepositionφόβονflightφόβος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐνὦρσεrousedὄρνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 545
He stood amazed, then slung behind him his sevenfold shield,
Metre
στῆδὲταφώνὄπιθεν‖δὲσάκοςβάλενἑπταβόειον
στῆstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleταφώνin amazementτέθηπα · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to στῆὄπιθενbehindὄπισθεν · adverbobject of βάλενδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleσάκοςshieldσάκος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of βάλενβάλενslungβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἑπταβόειονsevenfoldἑπταβόειος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies σάκος - 546
and drew back, glancing toward the host like a wild beast,
Metre
τρέσσεδὲπαπτήνας‖ἐφὁμίλουθηρὶἐοικὼς
τρέσσεdrew backτρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπαπτήναςglancingπαπταίνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to τρέσσεἐφtowardἐπί · prepositionprepositionὁμίλουthe throngὅμιλος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐφ̓θηρὶa wild beastθήρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐοικὼςἐοικὼςlikeἔοικα · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to τρέσσε - 547
turning again and again, giving ground one knee at a time.
ἐντροπαλιζόμενοςturning back repeatedlyἐντροπαλίζομαι · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbialὀλίγονlittleὀλίγος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐντροπαλιζόμενοςγόνυkneeγόνυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀμείβωνγουνὸςkneeγόνυ · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἀμείβωνἀμείβωνgiving groundἀμείβω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial - 548
As dogs and country men drive a tawny lion
Metre
ὡςαἴθωναλέοντα‖βοῶνἀπὸμεσσαύλοιο
ὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialδwhenδέ · particlesentence particleαἴθωναtawnyαἴθων · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies λέονταλέονταa lionλέων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐσσεύαντοβοῶνcattleβοῦς · genitive plural nounmodifies μεσσαύλοιοἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionμεσσαύλοιοfarmyardμέσαυλος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀπὸ - 549
away from the cattle-yard,
Metre
ἐσσεύαντοκύνες‖τεκαὶἀνέρεςἀγροιῶται
ἐσσεύαντοdrove awayσεύω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbialκύνεςdogsκύων · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀνέρεςmenἀνήρ · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶἀγροιῶταιcountrymenἀγροιώτης · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνέρες - 550
and will not let him seize the cattle's fat,
Metre
οἵτέμινοὐκεἰῶσι‖βοῶνἐκπῖαρἑλέσθαι
οἵwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of εἰῶσιτέandτε · particlesentence particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἑλέσθαιοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleεἰῶσιletἐάω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing καὶβοῶνcattleβοῦς · genitive plural nounmodifies πῖαρἐκfromἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleπῖαρfatπῖαρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἑλέσθαιἑλέσθαιto seizeαἱρέω · aorist middle infinitiveobject of εἰῶσι - 551
keeping watch all night; and craving flesh,
Metre
πάννυχοιἐγρήσσοντες‖ὃδὲκρειῶνἐρατίζων
πάννυχοιall nightπάννυχος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐγρήσσοντεςkeeping watchἐγρήσσω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to εἰῶσιὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀλλ̓δὲandδέ · particlesentence particleκρειῶνmeatκρέας · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἐρατίζωνἐρατίζωνcravingἐρατίζω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἰθύει - 552
he charges straight on, but gains nothing, for spears in a mass
Metre
ἰθύειἀλλοὔτι‖πρήσσειθαμέεςγὰρἄκοντες
ἰθύειchargesἰθύω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἀλλ̓ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιnothingτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to πρήσσειπρήσσειgainsπράσσω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἀλλ̓θαμέεςin a massθαμέες · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἄκοντεςspearsἄκων · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τε - 553
fly against him from bold hands,
ἀντίονagainstἀντίος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀΐσσουσιἀΐσσουσιflyἀίσσω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbgoverned by an elided headθρασειάωνboldθρασύς · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies χειρῶνἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionχειρῶνhandsχείρ · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἀπὸ - 554
and burning brands, which he fears, eager though he is;
Metre
καιόμεναίτεδεταί‖τάςτετρεῖἐσσύμενόςπερ
καιόμεναίburningκαίω · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural femininemodifies δεταίτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordδεταίbrandsδετή · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of τετάςwhichὁ · accusative plural feminine pronounobject of τρεῖτεandτε · particlesentence particleτρεῖfearsτρέω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δεταίἐσσύμενόςeagerσεύω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to τρεῖπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particle - 555
and at dawn he goes away from them, grieving at heart;
ἠῶθενat dawnἕωθεν · adverbadverbial to ἔβηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionemphasizing particleνόσφινfar awayνόσφι · adverbadverbial to ἔβηἔβηwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓τετιηότιgrievedτετίημαι · perfect active participle, dative singular masculinemodifies θυμῷθυμῷheartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἔβη - 556
so Ajax then went from the Trojans, grieved at heart
Metre
ὣςΑἴαςτότἀπὸ‖Τρώωντετιημένοςἦτορ
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἤϊεΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἤϊετότthenτότε · adverbadverbial to ἤϊεἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionΤρώωνthe Trojansτρώς · genitive plural nounobject of ἀπὸτετιημένοςgrievedτετίημαι · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἤϊεἦτορheartἦτορ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of τετιημένος - 557
and deeply unwilling, for he feared for the ships of the Achaeans.
Metre
ἤϊεπόλλἀέκων‖περὶγὰρδίενηυσὶνἈχαιῶν
ἤϊεwentεἶμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπόλλdeeplyπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀέκωνἀέκωνunwillingἀέκων · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπερὶforπερί · prepositionprepositionγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleδίεfearedδίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνηυσὶνthe shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of περὶἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶν - 558
And as a sluggish ass, passing beside a field, overpowers the boys,
Metre
ὡςὅτὄνοςπαρἄρουραν‖ἰὼνἐβιήσατοπαῖδας
ὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅτwhenὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionὄνοςa donkeyὄνος · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐβιήσατοπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionἄρουρανa fieldἄρουρα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of παῤἰὼνpassingεἶμι · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐβιήσατοἐβιήσατοoverpowersβιάω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbialπαῖδαςthe boysπαῖς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐβιήσατο - 559
slow though he is, and many cudgels are broken around him,
Metre
νωθήςᾧδὴπολλὰ‖περὶῥόπαλἀμφὶςἐάγῃ
νωθήςsluggishνωθής · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὄνοςᾧhimὅς · dative singular masculine pronounobject of περὶδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleπολλὰmanyπολύς · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ῥόπαλ̓περὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionῥόπαλclubsῥόπαλον · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of ἐάγῃἀμφὶςall aroundἀμφίς · adverbadverbial to ἐάγῃἐάγῃare brokenἄγνυμι · aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ὄνος - 560
and enters and crops the deep-standing grain; and the boys
Metre
κείρειεἰσελθὼν‖βαθὺλήϊονοἳδέτεπαῖδες
κείρειcropsκείρω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbialτandτε · particlesentence particleεἰσελθὼνenteringεἰσέρχομαι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κείρειβαθὺdeepβαθύς · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies λήϊονλήϊονgrainλήιον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of κείρειοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine articlemodifies παῖδεςδέandδέ · particlesentence particleτεandτε · particlesentence particleπαῖδεςboysπαῖς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τύπτουσιν - 561
beat him with cudgels, but their strength is childish,
Metre
τύπτουσινῥοπάλοισι‖βίηδέτενηπίηαὐτῶν
τύπτουσινbeatτύπτω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbialῥοπάλοισιwith clubsῥόπαλον · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to τύπτουσινβίηstrengthβία · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectδέandδέ · particlesentence particleτεandτε · particlesentence particleνηπίηchildishνήπιος · nominative singular feminine adjectivepredicate nounαὐτῶνtheirαὐτός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies βίη - 562
and with hard work they drive him out, once he is sated with fodder;
Metre
σπουδῇἐξήλασσαν‖ἐπείἐκορέσσατοφορβῆς
σπουδῇwith effortσπουδή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐξήλασσαντandτε · particlecoordinating wordἐξήλασσανthey drive outἐξελαύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to τ̓ἐπείonceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτandτε · particlesentence particleἐκορέσσατοhe is satedκορέννυμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπείφορβῆςfodderφορβή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐκορέσσατο - 563
so then great Ajax, son of Telamon,
Metre
ὣςτότἔπειτΑἴαντα‖μέγανΤελαμώνιονυἱὸν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἕποντοτότthenτότε · adverbadverbial to ἕποντοἔπειτthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἕποντοΑἴανταAjaxΑἴας · accusative singular masculine nounobjectμέγανgreatμέγας · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΑἴανταΤελαμώνιονTelamonianΤελαμών · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱὸνυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobject - 564
the high-hearted Trojans and allies gathered from many lands
ΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τ̓ὑπέρθυμοιhigh-heartedὑπέρθυμος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρῶεςπολυηγερέεςthrongingπολυηγερής · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἐπίκουροιτandτε · particlecoordinating wordἐπίκουροιalliesἐπίκουρος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τ̓ - 565
followed him always, thrusting their spears into the middle of his shield.
Metre
νύσσοντεςξυστοῖσι‖μέσονσάκοςαἰὲνἕποντο
νύσσοντεςthrustingνύσσω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἕποντοξυστοῖσιspearsξυστόν · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to νύσσοντεςμέσονthe middleμέσος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies σάκοςσάκοςshieldσάκος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of νύσσοντεςαἰὲνalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἕποντοἕποντοfollowedἕπομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 566
At times Ajax remembered his furious valor
Metre
Αἴαςἄλλοτεμὲν‖μνησάσκετοθούριδοςἀλκῆς
ΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄλλοτεat timesἄλλοτε · adverbadverbial to καὶμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleμνησάσκετοrememberedμιμνήσκω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθούριδοςfuriousθοῦρις · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀλκῆςἀλκῆςvalorἀλκή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of μνησάσκετο - 567
and turned again to hold back the ranks
Metre
αὖτιςὑποστρεφθείς‖καὶἐρητύσασκεφάλαγγας
αὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbadverbial to ὑποστρεφθείςὑποστρεφθείςturning backὑποστρέφω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μνησάσκετοκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐρητύσασκεheld backἐρητύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφάλαγγαςthe ranksφάλαγξ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐρητύσασκε - 568
of the horse-taming Trojans; at other times he turned to flee.
Metre
Τρώωνἱπποδάμων‖ὁτὲδὲτρωπάσκετοφεύγειν
ΤρώωνTrojansΤρώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies φάλαγγαςἱπποδάμωνhorse-tamingἱππόδαμος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρώωνὁτὲat other timesὁτέ · adverbadverbial to τρωπάσκετοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτρωπάσκετοturnedτρωπάω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφεύγεινfleeφεύγω · present active infinitiveadverbial to τρωπάσκετο - 569
He kept them all from making their way to the swift ships,
Metre
πάνταςδὲπροέεργε‖θοὰςἐπὶνῆαςὁδεύειν
πάνταςallπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ὁδεύεινδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπροέεργεheld backπροεέργω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθοὰςswiftθοός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςἐπὶtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπὶὁδεύεινto make their wayὁδεύω · present active infinitiveobject of προέεργε - 570
while he himself charged midway between Trojans and Achaeans,
Metre
αὐτὸςδὲΤρώων‖καὶἈχαιῶνθῦνεμεσηγὺ
αὐτὸςhe himselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΤρώωνTrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectiveobject of καὶθῦνεchargedθύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμεσηγὺbetweenμεσηγύ · prepositionpreposition - 571
standing his ground; and the spears from bold hands,
ἱστάμενοςstandingἵστημι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to θῦνετὰtheὁ · nominative plural neuter articlemodifies δοῦραδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleδοῦραspearsδόρυ · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of πάγενθρασειάωνboldθρασύς · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies χειρῶνἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionχειρῶνhandsχείρ · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἀπὸ - 572
some lodged in his great shield as they sped onward,
Metre
ἄλλαμὲνἐνσάκεϊ‖μεγάλῳπάγενὄρμεναπρόσσω
ἄλλαsomeἄλλος · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δοῦραμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionσάκεϊshieldσάκος · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἐνμεγάλῳgreatμέγας · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies σάκεϊπάγενlodgedπήγνυμι · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὄρμεναas they spedὄρνυμι · aorist middle participle, nominative plural neuteradverbial to πάγενπρόσσωforwardπρόσω · adverbobject of ὄρμενα - 573
while many fell midway, before they could touch his white flesh,
Metre
πολλὰδὲκαὶμεσσηγύ‖πάροςχρόαλευκὸνἐπαυρεῖν
πολλὰmanyπολύς · nominative plural neuter adjectivesubject of ἵσταντοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαὶandκαί · adverbemphasizing particleμεσσηγύbetweenμεσηγύ · adverbadverbial to ἵσταντοπάροςbeforeπάρος · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionχρόαfleshχρώς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπαυρεῖνλευκὸνwhiteλευκός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χρόαἐπαυρεῖνto touchἐπαυρέω · present active infinitiveadverbial to πάρος - 574
and stood in the earth, longing to glut themselves on flesh.
Metre
ἐνγαίῃἵσταντο‖λιλαιόμεναχροὸςἆσαι
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionγαίῃearthγαῖα · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐνἵσταντοstoodἵστημι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbλιλαιόμεναlongingλιλαίομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural neuteradverbial to ἵσταντοχροὸςfleshχρώς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἆσαιἆσαιto glut themselvesἄω · aorist active infinitiveobject of λιλαιόμενα - 575
But when Eurypylus, the glorious son of Euaemon, saw Ajax
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐνόησ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleὡςwhenὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὖνindeedοὖν · particlesentence particleἐνόησsawνοέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὡςΕὐαίμονοςof EuaemonΕὐαίμων · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸςἀγλαὸςgloriousἀγλαός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱὸςυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 576
overborne by the thick rain of missiles,
Metre
Εὐρύπυλοςπυκινοῖσι‖βιαζόμενονβελέεσσι
ΕὐρύπυλοςEurypylusΕὐρύπυλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectπυκινοῖσιthickπυκνός · dative plural neuter adjectivecircumstantial complementβιαζόμενονoverborneβιάζω · present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementβελέεσσιmissilesβέλος · dative plural neuter nounobject of βιαζόμενον - 577
he came and stood beside him, and cast his shining spear,
Metre
στῆῥαπαραὐτὸνἰών‖καὶἀκόντισεδουρὶφαεινῷ
στῆstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionαὐτὸνhimαὐτός · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of παῤἰώνcameεἶμι · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to στῆκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἀκόντισεcastἀκοντίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδουρὶspearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἀκόντισεφαεινῷshiningφαεινός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ὑπὸ - 578
and struck Apisaon, son of Phausius, shepherd of the people,
Metre
καὶβάλεΦαυσιάδην‖Ἀπισάοναποιμέναλαῶν
καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleβάλεstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΦαυσιάδηνson of PhausiusΦαυσιάδης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈπισάοναἈπισάοναApisaonἈπισάων · accusative singular masculine nounobjectποιμέναshepherdποιμήν · accusative singular masculine nounobjectλαῶνthe peopleλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ποιμένα - 579
in the liver below the midriff, and at once loosed his knees.
Metre
ἧπαρὑπὸπραπίδων‖εἶθαρὑπὸγούνατἔλυσεν
ἧπαρliverἧπαρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of βάλεὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionπραπίδωνthe midriffπραπίδες · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to ὑπὸεἶθαρat onceεἶθαρ · adverbadverbial to ἔλυσενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionemphasizing particleγούνατkneesγόνυ · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔλυσενἔλυσενloosedἐλύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 580
Eurypylus sprang upon him and stripped the armor from his shoulders.
ΕὐρύπυλοςEurypylusΕὐρύπυλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπόρουσεsprangἐπορούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordαἴνυτοstrippedαἴνυμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτεύχεarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of αἴνυτοἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionὤμωνshouldersὦμος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἀπ̓ - 581
But when godlike Paris marked him
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐνόησενδandδέ · particlesentence particleὡςwhenὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὖνindeedοὖν · particlesentence particleἐνόησενmarkedνοέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὡςἈλέξανδροςParisἈλέξανδρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐνόησενθεοειδὴςgodlikeθεοειδής · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀλέξανδρος - 582
stripping the armor from Apisaon, at once he drew his bow
τεύχεarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἀπαινύμενονἀπαινύμενονstrippingἀπαίνυμαι · present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἈπισάονοςApisaonἈπισάων · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀπαινύμενοναὐτίκαat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to ἕλκετ̓τόξονbowτόξον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἕλκετ̓ - 583
at Eurypylus, and struck him in the right thigh with an arrow;
Metre
ἕλκετἐπΕὐρυπύλῳ‖καίμινβάλεμηρὸνὀϊστῷ
ἕλκετhe drewἕλκω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπatἐπί · prepositionprepositionΕὐρυπύλῳEurypylusΕὐρύπυλος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπ̓καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of βάλεβάλεstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμηρὸνthighμηρός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of βάλεὀϊστῷarrowὀιστός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to βάλε - 584
the reed shaft broke, and the arrow weighed down his thigh.
Metre
δεξιόνἐκλάσθη‖δὲδόναξἐβάρυνεδὲμηρόν
δεξιόνrightδεξιός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies μηρὸνἐκλάσθηbrokeκλάω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleδόναξreed shaftδόναξ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐκλάσθηἐβάρυνεweighed uponβαρύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμηρόνthighμηρός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐβάρυνε - 585
and he shrank back into the throng of his comrades, avoiding death.
Metre
ἂψἑτάρωνεἰςἔθνος‖ἐχάζετοκῆρἀλεείνων
ἂψbackἄψ · adverbadverbial to ἐχάζετοδandδέ · particlesentence particleἑτάρωνcomradesἑταῖρος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἔθνοςεἰςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἔθνοςthrongἔθνος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of εἰςἐχάζετοshrank backχάζω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκῆρdeathκήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀλεείνωνἀλεείνωνavoidingἀλεείνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐχάζετο - 586
There he cried in a piercing voice to the Danaans:
Metre
ἤϋσενδὲδιαπρύσιον‖Δαναοῖσιγεγωνώς
ἤϋσενcried outαὔω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδιαπρύσιονpiercingδιαπρύσιος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἤϋσενΔαναοῖσιthe DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject of γεγωνώςγεγωνώςshoutingγέγωνα · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἤϋσεν - 587
Friends, leaders and rulers of the Argives,
Metre
ὦφίλοιἈργείων‖ἡγήτορεςἠδὲμέδοντες
ὦoὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleφίλοιfriendsφίλος · vocative plural masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headἈργείωνthe ArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἠδὲἡγήτορεςleadersἡγήτωρ · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordμέδοντεςrulersμέδων · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided head - 588
turn and stand, and ward the pitiless day from
Metre
στῆτἐλελιχθέντες‖καὶἀμύνετενηλεὲςἦμαρ
στῆτstandἵστημι · aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbἐλελιχθέντεςturn aboutἐλελίζω · aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to στῆτ̓καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀμύνετεwardἀμύνω · present active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbνηλεὲςpitilessνηλής · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦμαρἦμαρdayἦμαρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀμύνετε - 589
Ajax, who is overborne by missiles; I do not think that he
Metre
Αἴανθὃςβελέεσσι‖βιάζεταιοὐδέἕφημι
ΑἴανθAjaxΑἴας · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀμύνετεὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of βιάζεταιβελέεσσιmissilesβέλος · dative plural neuter nounobject of βιάζεταιβιάζεταιis overborneβιάζω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δέἕhimἕ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of φεύξεσθ̓φημιi thinkφημί · present active indicative, 1st singular verbverb of a clause describing δέ - 590
will escape from the harsh-sounding war. Stand squarely
Metre
φεύξεσθἐκπολέμοιο‖δυσηχέοςἀλλὰμάλἄντην
φεύξεσθwill escapeφεύγω · future middle infinitiveobject of φημιἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπολέμοιοwarπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκδυσηχέοςdread-echoingδυσηχής · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies πολέμοιοἀλλὰinsteadἀλλά · adverbsentence particleμάλfirmlyμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleἄντηνsquarelyἄντην · adverbadverbial to ἵστασθ̓ - 591
around great Ajax, son of Telamon."
Metre
ἵστασθἀμφΑἴαντα‖μέγανΤελαμώνιονυἱόν
ἵστασθstandἵστημι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbἀμφaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionΑἴανταAjaxΑἴας · accusative singular masculine nounobjectμέγανgreatμέγας · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΑἴανταΤελαμώνιονTelamonianΤελαμών · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱόνυἱόνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobject - 592
So wounded Eurypylus spoke; and they beside him
Metre
ὣςἔφατΕὐρύπυλος‖βεβλημένοςοἳδὲπαραὐτὸν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατspokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΕὐρύπυλοςEurypylusΕὐρύπυλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔφατ̓βεβλημένοςwoundedβάλλω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔφατ̓οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἔστησανδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionαὐτὸνhimαὐτός · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of παῤ - 593
stood close, leaning their shields upon their shoulders
Metre
πλησίοιἔστησαν‖σάκεὤμοισικλίναντες
πλησίοιcloseπλησίος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἔστησανstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbσάκεshieldsσάκος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of κλίναντεςὤμοισιshouldersὦμος · dative plural masculine nounobject of κλίναντεςκλίναντεςleaningκλίνω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἔστησαν - 594
and lifting their spears; and Ajax came to meet them.
Metre
δούρατἀνασχόμενοι‖τῶνἀντίοςἤλυθενΑἴας
δούρατspearsδόρυ · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἀνασχόμενοιἀνασχόμενοιliftingἀνέχω · aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἔστησαντῶνthemὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies ἀντίοςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀντίοςto meetἀντίος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἤλυθενcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἤλυθεν - 595
He stood and turned about when he reached the host of his comrades.
Metre
στῆδὲμεταστρεφθείς‖ἐπεὶἵκετοἔθνοςἑταίρων
στῆstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμεταστρεφθείςturned aboutμεταστρέφω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to στῆἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἵκετοreachedἱκνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶἔθνοςthrongἔθνος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἵκετοἑταίρωνcomradesἑταῖρος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἔθνος - 596
So they fought on, like the blaze of burning fire.
Metre
ὣςοἳμὲνμάρναντο‖δέμαςπυρὸςαἰθομένοιο
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to μάρναντοοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of μάρναντομὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleμάρναντοfoughtμάρναμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδέμαςin formδέμας · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to μάρναντοπυρὸςfireπῦρ · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies δέμαςαἰθομένοιοblazingαἴθω · present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neutermodifies πυρὸς - 597
The horses of Neleus bore Nestor out of battle,
Metre
Νέστοραἐκπολέμοιο‖φέρονΝηλήϊαιἵπποι
ΝέστοραNestorΝέστωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of φέρονδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπολέμοιοbattleπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκφέρονboreφέρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbΝηλήϊαιof NeleusΝηλεύς · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἵπποιἵπποιhorsesἵππος · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of φέρον - 598
sweating, and they carried Machaon, shepherd of the people.
Metre
ἱδρῶσαιἦγον‖δὲΜαχάοναποιμέναλαῶν
ἱδρῶσαιsweatingἱδρόω · present active participle, nominative plural feminineadverbial to φέρονἦγονcarriedἄγω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΜαχάοναMachaonΜαχάων · accusative singular masculine nounobjectποιμέναshepherdποιμήν · accusative singular masculine nounobjectλαῶνthe peopleλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ποιμένα - 599
Swift-footed godlike Achilles saw the wounded man and marked him;
Metre
τὸνδὲἰδὼνἐνόησε‖ποδάρκηςδῖοςἈχιλλεύς
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐνόησεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἰδὼνsawεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐνόησεἐνόησεmarkedνοέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbποδάρκηςswift-footedποδαρκής · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχιλλεύςδῖοςgodlikeδῖος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχιλλεύςἈχιλλεύςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐνόησε - 600
for he stood upon the stern of his huge ship,
Metre
ἑστήκειγὰρἐπὶ‖πρυμνῇμεγακήτεϊνηῒ
ἑστήκειstoodἵστημι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionπρυμνῇthe sternπρυμνός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νηῒμεγακήτεϊhugeμεγακήτης · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νηῒνηῒshipναῦς · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπὶ - 601
watching the battle's harsh toil and tearful rout.
Metre
εἰσορόωνπόνοναἰπὺν‖ἰῶκάτεδακρυόεσσαν
εἰσορόωνwatchingεἰσοράω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἑστήκειπόνονtoilπόνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τεαἰπὺνharshαἰπύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πόνονἰῶκάroutἰωκή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordδακρυόεσσανtearfulδακρυόεις · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἰῶκά - 602
At once he called to his own companion Patroclus,
Metre
αἶψαἑταῖρονἑὸν‖Πατροκλῆαπροσέειπε
αἶψαat onceαἶψα · adverbadverbial to προσέειπεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἑταῖρονcompanionἑταῖρος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἑὸνhis ownἑός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἑταῖρονΠατροκλῆαPatroclusΠάτροκλος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectπροσέειπεcalled out toπροσεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 603
shouting from beside the ship; and hearing him from the hut,
Metre
φθεγξάμενοςπαρὰνηός‖ὃδὲκλισίηθενἀκούσας
φθεγξάμενοςcalling aloudφθέγγομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέειπεπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηόςshipναῦς · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to παρὰὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔκμολενδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleκλισίηθενfrom the hutκλισίηθεν · adverbobject of ἔκμολενἀκούσαςhearingἀκούω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔκμολεν - 604
Patroclus came forth like Ares; and this was the beginning of evil for him.
Metre
ἔκμολενἶσοςἌρηϊ‖κακοῦἄραοἱπέλενἀρχή
ἔκμολενcame forthἐκμολεῖν · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἶσοςlikeἴσος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἌρηϊAresἌρης · dative singular masculine nounmodifies ἶσοςκακοῦof evilκακός · genitive singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἀρχήδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of πέλενπέλενwasπέλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀρχήbeginningἀρχή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of πέλεν - 605
The valiant son of Menoetius spoke to him first:
Metre
τὸνπρότεροςπροσέειπε‖Μενοιτίουἄλκιμοςυἱός
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέειπεπρότεροςfirstπρότερος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπροσέειπεspokeπροσεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΜενοιτίουof MenoetiusΜενοίτιος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱόςἄλκιμοςvaliantἄλκιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱόςυἱόςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέειπε - 606
"Why do you call me, Achilles? What need have you of me?"
τίπτέwhyτίπτε · pronounadverbial to κικλήσκειςμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of κικλήσκειςκικλήσκειςdo you callκικλήσκω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἈχιλεῦAchillesἈχιλλεύς · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headτίwhatτίς · irregularadverbialδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσεyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobjectχρεὼneedχρεώ · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectἐμεῖοmeἐγώ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies χρεὼ - 607
Then swift-footed Achilles answered him and said:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπαμειβόμενοςansweredἀπαμείβομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηsaidπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπόδαςfootedπούς · accusative plural masculine nounmodifies ὠκὺςὠκὺςswiftὠκύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχιλλεύςἈχιλλεύςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 608
"Godlike son of Menoetius, dearest to my heart,
Metre
δῖεΜενοιτιάδη‖τῷἐμῷκεχαρισμένεθυμῷ
δῖεgodlikeδῖος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜενοιτιάδηΜενοιτιάδηMenoetius's sonΜενοιτιάδης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headτῷtoὁ · dative singular masculine articlemodifies θυμῷἐμῷmyἐμός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμῷκεχαρισμένεdearχαρίζομαι · perfect medio-passive participle, vocative singular masculinemodifies Μενοιτιάδηθυμῷheartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounobject of κεχαρισμένε - 609
now I think the Achaeans will stand about my knees
Metre
νῦνὀΐωπερὶγούνατ‖ἐμὰστήσεσθαιἈχαιοὺς
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ὀΐωὀΐωi thinkοἴομαι · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionγούνατkneesγόνυ · accusative plural neuter nounobject of περὶἐμὰmyἐμός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies γούνατ̓στήσεσθαιwill standἵστημι · future middle infinitiveobject of ὀΐωἈχαιοὺςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectivesubject of στήσεσθαι - 610
begging me, for need has come that can no longer be borne.
Metre
λισσομένουςχρειὼ‖γὰρἱκάνεταιοὐκέτἀνεκτός
λισσομένουςbeggingλίσσομαι · present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complementχρειὼneedχρεώ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἱκάνεταιγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἱκάνεταιhas comeἱκάνω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοὐκέτno longerοὐκέτι · adverbemphasizing particleἀνεκτόςbearableἀνεκτός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χρειὼ - 611
But go now, Patroclus, dear to Zeus, and ask Nestor
Metre
ἀλλἴθινῦνΠάτροκλε‖ΔιῒφίλεΝέστορἔρειο
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἴθιgoεἶμι · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἴθιΠάτροκλεPatroclusΠάτροκλος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headΔιῒZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounmodifies φίλεφίλεdearφίλος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΠάτροκλεΝέστορNestorΝέστωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔρειοἔρειοaskἐρῶ · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 612
what man this is he brings wounded from battle;
Metre
ὅντινατοῦτονἄγει‖βεβλημένονἐκπολέμοιο
ὅνwhatὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἄγειτιναmanτις · accusative singular masculine pronounmodifies ὅντοῦτονthisοὗτος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὅνἄγειbringsἄγω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of ἔρειοβεβλημένονwoundedβάλλω · perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπολέμοιοbattleπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκ - 613
surely, seen from behind, he is like Machaon in every way,
Metre
ἤτοιμὲντάὄπισθε‖Μαχάονιπάνταἔοικε
ἤτοιsurelyἤτοι · particlesentence particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleτάhis backὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounadverbial to ἔοικεγat leastγε · particleemphasizing particleὄπισθεbehindὄπισθεν · adverbadverbial to ἔοικεΜαχάονιMachaonΜαχάων · dative singular masculine nounobjectπάνταeverythingπᾶς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τάἔοικεlikeἔοικα · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 614
the son of Asclepius; yet I did not see the man's eyes,
Metre
τῷἈσκληπιάδῃ‖ἀτὰροὐκἴδονὄμματαφωτός
τῷtheὁ · dative singular masculine articlemodifies ἈσκληπιάδῃἈσκληπιάδῃson of Asclepius̓ἀσκληπιάδης · dative singular masculine nounobjectἀτὰρyetἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἴδονseeεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbὄμματαeyesὄμμα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἴδονφωτόςthe manφώς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ὄμματα - 615
for the horses swept past me, straining forward."
Metre
ἵπποιγάρμεπαρήϊξαν‖πρόσσωμεμαυῖαι
ἵπποιhorsesἵππος · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of παρήϊξανγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of παρήϊξανπαρήϊξανrushed pastπαραίσσω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπρόσσωforwardπρόσω · adverbobject of μεμαυῖαιμεμαυῖαιeagerμέμαα · perfect active participle, nominative plural feminineadverbial to παρήϊξαν - 616
So he spoke, and Patroclus obeyed his dear companion,
Metre
ὣςφάτοΠάτροκλος‖δὲφίλῳἐπεπείθεθἑταίρῳ
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάτοφάτοspokeφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΠάτροκλοςPatroclusΠάτροκλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐπεπείθεθ̓δὲandδέ · particlesentence particleφίλῳdearφίλος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἑταίρῳἐπεπείθεθobeyedἐπιπείθομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἑταίρῳcompanionἑταῖρος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπεπείθεθ̓ - 617
and set off running past the huts and ships of the Achaeans.
Metre
βῆδὲθέεινπαράτε‖κλισίαςκαὶνῆαςἈχαιῶν
βῆset offβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordθέεινrunningθέω · present active infinitiveobject of βῆπαράpastπαρά · prepositionprepositionτεandτε · particlesentence particleκλισίαςthe hutsκλισία · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies καὶ - 618
When they came to the hut of the son of Neleus,
οἳtheyὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἀφίκοντοδandδέ · particlesentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleκλισίηνthe hutκλισία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀφίκοντοΝηληϊάδεωson of NeleusΝηληιάδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κλισίηνἀφίκοντοcame toἀφικνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὅτε - 619
the two themselves stepped down upon the all-nurturing earth,
αὐτοὶthe two themselvesαὐτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleῥthenἆρα · particlesentence particleἀπέβησανstepped downἀποβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionχθόναearthχθών · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπὶπουλυβότειρανall-nurturingπολυβότειρα · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χθόνα - 620
and Eurymedon, the old man's attendant, loosed the horses
Metre
ἵππουςΕὐρυμέδων‖θεράπωνλύετοῖογέροντος
ἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of λύεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΕὐρυμέδωνEurymedonΕὐρυμέδων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of λύεθεράπωνattendantθεράπων · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Εὐρυμέδωνλύεloosedλύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτοῖοof theὁ · genitive singular masculine articlemodifies γέροντοςγέροντοςold manγέρων · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἵππους - 621
from the chariot; the two let the sweat dry from their tunics,
ἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionὀχέωνthe chariotὄχος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἐξτοὶthe twoὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἀπεψύχοντοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἱδρῶsweatἱδρώς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀπεψύχοντοἀπεψύχοντοlet dryἀποψύχω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbχιτώνωνtunicsχιτών · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἀπεψύχοντο - 622
standing toward the breeze beside the shore of the sea; then
Metre
στάντεποτὶπνοιὴν‖παρὰθῖνἁλόςαὐτὰρἔπειτα
στάντεstandingἵστημι · aorist active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to ἀπεψύχοντοποτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionπνοιὴνthe breezeπνοή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ποτὶπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionθῖνthe shoreθίς · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to παρὰἁλόςthe seaἅλς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θῖν̓αὐτὰρthenἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to κάθιζον - 623
they entered the hut and sat down upon chairs.
Metre
ἐςκλισίηνἐλθόντες‖ἐπὶκλισμοῖσικάθιζον
ἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionκλισίηνhutκλισία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐςἐλθόντεςhaving enteredἔρχομαι · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to κάθιζονἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionκλισμοῖσιchairsκλισμός · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐπὶκάθιζονsat downκαθίζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 624
For them well-tressed Hecamede prepared a kykeon,
τοῖσιfor themὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of τεῦχεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεῦχεmadeτεύχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκυκειῶbarley drinkκυκεών · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τεῦχεἐϋπλόκαμοςlovely-hairedεὐπλόκαμος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἙκαμήδηἙκαμήδηHecamedeἙκαμήδη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τεῦχε - 625
whom the old man had chosen from Tenedos when Achilles sacked it,
Metre
τὴνἄρετἐκΤενέδοιο‖γέρωνὅτεπέρσενἈχιλλεύς
τὴνwhomὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ,ἄρετhad chosenαἴρω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἑκαμήδηἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionΤενέδοιοTenedosΤένεδος · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐκγέρωνold manγέρων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἄρετ̓ὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπέρσενsackedπέρθω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτεἈχιλλεύςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πέρσεν - 626
the daughter of great-hearted Arsinous, whom the Achaeans
Metre
θυγατέρἈρσινόου‖μεγαλήτοροςἥνοἱἈχαιοὶ
θυγατέρdaughterθυγάτηρ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ,ἈρσινόουArsinoüsἈρσίνοος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θυγατέῤμεγαλήτοροςgreat-heartedμεγαλήτωρ · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀρσινόουἥνwhomὅς · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ἔξελονοἱfor himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔξελονἈχαιοὶAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἔξελον - 627
had picked out for him because he surpassed them all in counsel.
Metre
ἔξελονοὕνεκαβουλῇ‖ἀριστεύεσκενἁπάντων
ἔξελονhad picked outἐξαιρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ,οὕνεκαbecauseοὕνεκα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionβουλῇcounselβουλή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀριστεύεσκενἀριστεύεσκενwas ever foremostἀριστεύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to οὕνεκαἁπάντωνallἅπας · genitive plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἀριστεύεσκεν - 628
First she drew up before the two of them a table,
Metre
ἥσφωϊνπρῶτον‖μὲνἐπιπροΐηλετράπεζαν
ἥsheὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἐπιπροΐηλεσφωϊνfor the twoσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἐπιπροΐηλεπρῶτονfirstπρῶτος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐπιπροΐηλεμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐπιπροΐηλεdrew up beforeἐπιπροιάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτράπεζανa tableτράπεζα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπιπροΐηλε - 629
beautiful, blue-footed, and well-polished; then upon it
Metre
καλὴνκυανόπεζαν‖ἐΰξοοναὐτὰρἐπαὐτῆς
καλὴνbeautifulκαλός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifiesκυανόπεζανdark-footedκυανόπεζα · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifiesἐΰξοονpolishedεὔξοος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifiesαὐτὰρthenἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionαὐτῆςitαὐτός · genitive singular feminine adjectiveobject of ἐπ̓ - 630
a bronze basket, and an onion as relish for the drink,
χάλκειονbronzeχάλκειος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κάνεονκάνεονbasketκάνεον · accusative singular neuter nounobjectἐπὶupon itἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleκρόμυονonionκρόμυον · accusative singular neuter nounobjectποτῷfor the drinkποτός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ὄψονὄψονrelishὄψον · accusative singular neuter nounmodifies κρόμυον - 631
and pale honey, and beside it a heap of sacred barley meal,
Metre
ἠδὲμέλιχλωρόν‖παρὰἀλφίτουἱεροῦἀκτήν
ἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctionsentence particleμέλιhoneyμέλι · accusative singular neuter nounobjectχλωρόνpaleχλωρός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies μέλιπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlesentence particleἀλφίτουbarley mealἄλφιτον · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies ἀκτήνἱεροῦsacredἱερός · genitive singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἀλφίτουἀκτήνa heapἀκτή · accusative singular feminine nounobject - 632
and nearby a very beautiful cup, which the old man had brought from home,
Metre
πὰρδὲδέπαςπερικαλλές‖ὃοἴκοθενἦγὁγεραιός
πὰρnearbyπαρά · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδέπαςcupδέπας · accusative singular neuter nounobjectπερικαλλέςbeautifulπερικαλλής · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δέπαςὃwhichὅς · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of ἦγ̓οἴκοθενfrom homeοἴκοθεν · adverbobject of ἦγ̓ἦγbroughtἄγω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ,ὁtheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies γεραιόςγεραιόςold manγεραιός · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of ἦγ̓ - 633
studded with golden nails; its handles
Metre
χρυσείοιςἥλοισι‖πεπαρμένονοὔατααὐτοῦ
χρυσείοιςgoldenχρύσεος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἥλοισιἥλοισιnailsἧλος · dative plural masculine nounobject of πεπαρμένονπεπαρμένονstuddedπείρω · perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular neutermodifies ,οὔαταhandlesοὖς · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of ἔσανδandδέ · particlesentence particleαὐτοῦitsαὐτός · genitive singular neuter adjectivemodifies οὔατα - 634
were four, and around each two golden doves
Metre
τέσσαρἔσανδοιαὶ‖δὲπελειάδεςἀμφὶςἕκαστον
τέσσαρfourτέσσαρες · numeralpredicate nounἔσανwereεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδοιαὶtwoδοιοί · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies πελειάδεςδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπελειάδεςdovesπελειάς · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of νεμέθοντοἀμφὶςall aroundἀμφίς · prepositionprepositionἕκαστονeachἕκαστος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀμφὶς - 635
fed, while beneath it were two bases.
Metre
χρύσειαινεμέθοντο‖δύωὑπὸπυθμένεςἦσαν
χρύσειαιgoldenχρύσεος · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies πελειάδεςνεμέθοντοfedνεμέθω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδύωtwoδύο · numeralmodifies πυθμένεςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionemphasizing particleπυθμένεςbasesπυθμήν · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἦσανἦσανwereεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 636
Any other man would strain to move it from the table
Metre
ἄλλοςμὲνμογέων‖ἀποκινήσασκετραπέζης
ἄλλοςotherἄλλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of ἀποκινήσασκεμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleμογέωνstrainingμογέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀποκινήσασκεἀποκινήσασκεwould moveἀποκινέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτραπέζηςfrom the tableτράπεζα · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἀποκινήσασκε - 637
when it was full, but old Nestor lifted it without effort.
Metre
πλεῖονἐόνΝέστωρ‖ὁγέρωνἀμογητὶἄειρεν
πλεῖονwhen fullπλέως · accusative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἐόνbeingεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular neutercircumstantial complementΝέστωρNestorΝέστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordὁtheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies γέρωνγέρωνold manγέρων · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἀμογητὶwithout effortἀμογητί · adverbadverbial to ἄειρενἄειρενliftedἀείρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 638
In it the woman like the goddesses mixed for them
Metre
ἐντῷῥάσφικύκησε‖γυνὴἐϊκυῖαθεῇσιν
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionτῷitὁ · dative singular neuter pronounadverbial to ἐνῥάthenἄρα · particlesentence particleσφιfor themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of κύκησεκύκησεmixedκυκάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγυνὴwomanγυνή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of κύκησεἐϊκυῖαlikeεἰκός · perfect active participle, nominative singular femininemodifies γυνὴθεῇσινgoddessesθεά · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐϊκυῖα - 639
Pramnian wine, and grated goat's cheese over it
Metre
οἴνῳΠραμνείῳ‖ἐπὶαἴγειονκνῆτυρὸν
οἴνῳwineοἶνος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to κύκησεΠραμνείῳPramnianΠράμνειος · dative singular masculine nounmodifies οἴνῳἐπὶoverἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlesentence particleαἴγειονgoat'sαἴγειος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τυρὸνκνῆgratedκνάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτυρὸνcheeseτυρός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κνῆ - 640
with a bronze grater, and sprinkled white barley meal upon it;
Metre
κνήστιχαλκείῃ‖ἐπὶἄλφιταλευκὰπάλυνε
κνήστιgraterκνῆστις · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to κνῆχαλκείῃbronzeχάλκειος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κνήστιἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄλφιταbarley mealἄλφιτον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of πάλυνελευκὰwhiteλευκός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἄλφιταπάλυνεsprinkledπαλύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 641
then she bade them drink, once she had prepared the kykeon.
Metre
πινέμεναιἐκέλευσεν‖ἐπείὥπλισσεκυκειῶ
πινέμεναιdrinkπίνω · present active infinitiveobject of ἐκέλευσενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐκέλευσενbadeκελεύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπείonceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionῥthenἆρα · particlesentence particleὥπλισσεmade readyὁπλίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπείκυκειῶbarley drinkκυκεών · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὥπλισσε - 642
When the two had drunk and sent away their parching thirst,
Metre
τὼἐπεὶοὖνπίνοντ‖ἀφέτηνπολυκαγκέαδίψαν
τὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of πίνοντ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὖνthenοὖν · particlesentence particleπίνοντhad drunkπίνω · present active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to ἀφέτηνἀφέτηνsent awayἀφίημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verbadverbial to ἐπεὶπολυκαγκέαparchingπολυκαγκής · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies δίψανδίψανthirstδίψα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀφέτην - 643
they delighted in words, speaking to one another,
Metre
μύθοισιντέρποντο‖πρὸςἀλλήλουςἐνέποντες
μύθοισινwordsμῦθος · dative plural masculine nounobject of τέρποντοτέρποντοdelightedτέρπω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπρὸςtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionἀλλήλουςone anotherἀλλήλων · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of πρὸςἐνέποντεςspeakingἐνέπω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to τέρποντο - 644
but Patroclus, a godlike man, stood in the doorway.
Metre
Πάτροκλοςδὲθύρῃσιν‖ἐφίστατοἰσόθεοςφώς
ΠάτροκλοςPatroclusΠάτροκλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectδὲbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordθύρῃσινin the doorwayθύρα · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐφίστατοἐφίστατοstood nearbyἐφίστημι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἰσόθεοςgodlikeἰσόθεος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies φώςφώςmanφώς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 645
Seeing him, the old man rose from his shining chair,
Metre
τὸνδὲἰδὼνὁγεραιὸς‖ἀπὸθρόνουὦρτοφαεινοῦ
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἰδὼνδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleἰδὼνseeingεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὦρτοὁheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies γεραιὸςγεραιὸςold manγεραιός · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of δ̓ἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionθρόνουthroneθρόνον · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἀπὸὦρτοroseὄρνυμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφαεινοῦshiningφαεινός · genitive singular neuter adjectivemodifies θρόνου - 646
and took him by the hand, led him in, and bade him sit down.
ἐςinεἰς · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄγεledἄγω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχειρὸςby the handχείρ · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἑλώνἑλώνtookαἱρέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἄγεκατὰdownκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἑδριάασθαιto sit downἑδριάω · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἄνωγεἄνωγεbadeἄνωγα · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 647
But Patroclus in turn refused and spoke:
ΠάτροκλοςPatroclusΠάτροκλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τεδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἑτέρωθενin turnἑτέρωθεν · adverbadverbial to τεἀναίνετοrefusedἀναίνομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbεἶπέspokeεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordμῦθονwordμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εἶπέ - 648
"There is no sitting, Zeus-nurtured elder; you will not persuade me.
Metre
οὐχἕδοςἐστὶγεραιὲ‖διοτρεφέςοὐδέμεπείσεις
οὐχnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἕδοςsittingἕδος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἐστὶἐστὶthere isεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγεραιὲelderγεραιός · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headδιοτρεφέςZeus-nurturedδιοτρεφής · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies γεραιὲμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of πείσειςπείσειςpersuadeπείθω · future active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 649
One to revere and fear is he who sent me to learn
Metre
αἰδοῖοςνεμεσητὸς‖ὅμεπροέηκεπυθέσθαι
αἰδοῖοςto revereαἰδοῖος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounνεμεσητὸςto fearνεμεσητός · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of προέηκεμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προέηκεπροέηκεsent forthπροίημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbsubjectπυθέσθαιto learnπυνθάνομαι · aorist middle infinitiveadverbial to προέηκε - 650
what man this is you bring wounded; but I myself
Metre
ὅντινατοῦτονἄγεις‖βεβλημένονἀλλὰκαὶαὐτὸς
ὅνwhatὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἄγειςτιναmanτις · accusative singular masculine pronounmodifies ὅντοῦτονthisοὗτος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὅνἄγειςbringἄγω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbobject of πυθέσθαιβεβλημένονwoundedβάλλω · perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleαὐτὸςi myselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 651
know him now, and I see Machaon, shepherd of the people.
Metre
γιγνώσκωὁρόω‖δὲΜαχάοναποιμέναλαῶν
γιγνώσκωi knowγιγνώσκω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbὁρόωi seeὁράω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΜαχάοναMachaonΜαχάων · accusative singular masculine nounobjectποιμέναshepherdποιμήν · accusative singular masculine nounobjectλαῶνthe peopleλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ποιμένα - 652
Now I shall go back as messenger to bring word to Achilles.
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to εἶμ̓δὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔποςwordἔπος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐρέωνἐρέωνto tellἐρῶ · future active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἶμ̓πάλινbackπάλιν · adverbadverbial to εἶμ̓ἄγγελοςmessengerἄγγελος · nominative singular masculine nouncircumstantial complementεἶμwill goεἶμι · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἈχιλῆϊAchillesἈχιλλεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of εἶμ̓ - 653
You know well, Zeus-nurtured elder, what he is like,
Metre
εὖδὲσὺοἶσθαγεραιὲ‖διοτρεφέςοἷοςἐκεῖνος
εὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to οἶσθαδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of οἶσθαοἶσθαyou knowοἶδα · perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbγεραιὲelderγεραιός · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headδιοτρεφέςZeus-nurturedδιοτρεφής · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies γεραιὲοἷοςwhatοἷος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐκεῖνοςthat manἐκεῖνος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνήρ - 654
a terrible man; soon he might blame even one who is blameless."
Metre
δεινὸςἀνήρτάχακεν‖καὶἀναίτιοναἰτιόῳτο
δεινὸςterribleδεινός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνήρἀνήρmanἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectτάχαsoonτάχα · adverbadverbial to αἰτιόῳτοκενmayἄν · particlesentence particleκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἀναίτιονblamelessἀναίτιος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveobject of αἰτιόῳτοαἰτιόῳτοmight blameαἰτιάομαι · present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 655
Then Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, answered him:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἠμείβετ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἠμείβετansweredἀμείβω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἠμείβετ̓ΓερήνιοςGerenianΓερήνιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἱππόταἱππόταhorsemanἱππότης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΝέστωρΝέστωρNestorΝέστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠμείβετ̓ - 656
Why then does Achilles lament the sons of the Achaeans so much,
Metre
τίπτετὰρὧδἈχιλεὺς‖ὀλοφύρεταιυἷαςἈχαιῶν
τίπτεwhyτίπτε · adverbadverbial to ὀλοφύρεταιτὰρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὧδso muchὧδε · adverbadverbial to ὀλοφύρεταιἈχιλεὺςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὀλοφύρεταιὀλοφύρεταιlamentsὀλοφύρομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbυἷαςsonsυἱός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ὀλοφύρεταιἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies υἷας - 657
all who have now been struck by missiles? He knows nothing
ὅσσοιall whoὅσος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of βεβλήαταιδὴnowδή · particlesentence particleβέλεσινmissilesβέλος · dative plural neuter nounobject of βεβλήαταιβεβλήαταιstruckβάλλω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing υἷαςτιnothingτις · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of οἶδεοἶδεknowsοἶδα · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 658
of the grief that has risen through the camp; for our best men
Metre
πένθεοςὅσσονὄρωρε‖κατὰστρατόνοἳγὰρἄριστοι
πένθεοςgriefπένθος · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies τιὅσσονall thatὅσος · nominative singular neuter adjectivesubject of ὄρωρεὄρωρεhas risenὄρνυμι · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing πένθεοςκατὰthroughκατά · prepositionprepositionστρατόνthe campστρατός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to κατὰοἳtheὁ · nominative plural masculine articlemodifies ἄριστοιγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἄριστοιbestἄριστος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of κέαται - 659
lie in the ships, struck and wounded.
Metre
ἐννηυσὶνκέαται‖βεβλημένοιοὐτάμενοίτε
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶνthe shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνκέαταιlieκεῖμαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbβεβλημένοιstruckβάλλω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to τεοὐτάμενοίwoundedοὐτάω · aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 660
Mighty Diomedes, son of Tydeus, has been struck,
Metre
βέβληταιμὲνὃΤυδεΐδης‖κρατερὸςΔιομήδης
βέβληταιhas been struckβάλλω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies ΤυδεΐδηςΤυδεΐδηςTydeus' sonΤυδείδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectκρατερὸςmightyκρατερός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιομήδηςΔιομήδηςDiomedesΔιομήδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 661
and Odysseus, famed with the spear, and Agamemnon have been wounded;
Metre
οὔτασταιὈδυσεὺς‖δουρὶκλυτὸςἠδἈγαμέμνων
οὔτασταιhas been woundedοὐτάζω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὈδυσεὺςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠδ̓δουρὶwith the spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounmodifies κλυτὸςκλυτὸςfamedκλυτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ὀδυσεὺςἠδandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠδ̓ - 662
Eurypylus too has been struck in the thigh by an arrow;
Metre
βέβληταιδὲκαὶΕὐρύπυλος‖κατὰμηρὸνὀϊστῷ
βέβληταιhas been struckβάλλω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαὶtooκαί · adverbemphasizing particleΕὐρύπυλοςEurypylusΕὐρύπυλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of βέβληταικατὰthroughκατά · prepositionprepositionμηρὸνthighμηρός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κατὰὀϊστῷarrowὀιστός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to βέβληται - 663
and this other man I have just brought from the battle,
τοῦτονthisοὗτος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἤγαγονδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄλλονotherἄλλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τοῦτονἐγὼiἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἤγαγοννέονjust nowνέος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἤγαγονἤγαγονbroughtἄγω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπολέμοιοbattleπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκ - 664
struck by an arrow from the bowstring. But Achilles,
ἰῷarrowἰός · dative singular masculine nounobject of βεβλημένονἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionνευρῆςbowstringνευρά · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἀπὸβεβλημένονstruckβάλλω · perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementαὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἈχιλλεὺςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓ - 665
though a noble man, neither cares for the Danaans nor pities them.
Metre
ἐσθλὸςἐὼνΔαναῶν‖οὐκήδεταιοὐδἐλεαίρει
ἐσθλὸςnobleἐσθλός · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐὼνthough he isεἰμί · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δ̓ΔαναῶνDanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounobject of κήδεταιοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleκήδεταιcaresκήδω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐλεαίρειpitiesἐλεαίρω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 666
Does he wait until the swift ships beside the sea
Metre
ἦμένειεἰςὅκεδὴ‖νῆεςθοαὶἄγχιθαλάσσης
ἦdoesἦ · adverbsentence particleμένειwaitμένω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbεἰςuntilεἰς · prepositionprepositionὅwhenὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to τεκεperhapsἄν · particlesentence particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleνῆεςshipsναῦς · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of θέρωνταιθοαὶswiftθοός · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆεςἄγχιnearἄγχι · prepositionprepositionθαλάσσηςseaθάλασσα · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἄγχι - 667
burn beneath consuming fire despite the Argives,
Metre
Ἀργείωνἀέκητι‖πυρὸςδηΐοιοθέρωνται
Ἀργείωνthe ArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀέκητιἀέκητιdespiteἀέκητι · adverbadverbial to θέρωνταιπυρὸςfireπῦρ · genitive singular neuter nounobject of θέρωνταιδηΐοιοconsumingδάιος · genitive singular neuter adjectivemodifies πυρὸςθέρωνταιbe kindledθέρω · present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to τε - 668
and we ourselves are slain one after another? For my strength
Metre
αὐτοίτεκτεινώμεθ‖ἐπισχερώοὐγὰρἐμὴἲς
αὐτοίwe ourselvesαὐτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordκτεινώμεθare slainκτείνω · present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to τεἐπισχερώin successionἐπισχερώ · adverbadverbial to κτεινώμεθ̓οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐμὴmyἐμός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἲςἲςstrengthἴς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔσθ̓ - 669
is no longer what it once was in my supple limbs.
Metre
ἔσθοἵηπάροςἔσκεν‖ἐνὶγναμπτοῖσιμέλεσσιν
ἔσθisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοἵηwhatοἷος · nominative singular feminine adjectivepredicate nounπάροςbeforeπάρος · adverbadverbial to ἔσκενἔσκενwasεἰμί · imperfect indicative, 3rd singular verbpredicate nounἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionγναμπτοῖσιsuppleγναμπτός · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies μέλεσσινμέλεσσινlimbsμέλος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐνὶ - 670
Would that I were young again, and my strength stood firm,
Metre
εἴθὣςἡβώοιμι‖βίηδέμοιἔμπεδοςεἴη
εἴθwould thatεἴθε · interjectionsentence particleὣςagainὡς · adverbadverbial to ἡβώοιμιἡβώοιμιi were youngἡβάω · present active optative, 1st singular verbmain verbβίηstrengthβία · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of εἴηδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμοιmyἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies βίηἔμπεδοςfirmἔμπεδος · nominative singular feminine adjectivepredicate nounεἴηmight beἐάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 671
as when strife arose between the Eleans and us
Metre
ὡςὁπότἨλείοισι‖καὶἡμῖννεῖκοςἐτύχθη
ὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialὁπότwhenὁπότε · adverbsubordinating conjunctionἨλείοισιthe EleansἨλείοι · dative plural masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἡμῖνusἐγώ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of καὶνεῖκοςstrifeνεῖκος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἐτύχθηἐτύχθηaroseτεύχω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὁπότ̓ - 672
over a cattle raid, when I killed Itymoneus,
Metre
ἀμφὶβοηλασίῃ‖ὅτἐγὼκτάνονἸτυμονῆα
ἀμφὶoverἀμφί · prepositionprepositionβοηλασίῃcattle raidβοηλασία · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀμφὶὅτwhenὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἐγὼiἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of κτάνονκτάνονkilledκτείνω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbadverbial to ὅτ̓ἸτυμονῆαItymoneusἸτυμονεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject - 673
the noble son of Hypeirochus, who lived in Elis,
Metre
ἐσθλὸνὙπειροχίδην‖ὃςἐνἬλιδιναιετάασκε
ἐσθλὸνnobleἐσθλός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὙπειροχίδηνὙπειροχίδηνson of HypeirochusὙπειροχίδης · accusative singular masculine nounobjectὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ναιετάασκεἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionἬλιδιElisἮλις · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐνναιετάασκεdweltναιετάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing - 674
as I drove off the cattle. Defending his own herd,
ῥύσιcattle as spoilῥύσιον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐλαυνόμενοςἐλαυνόμενοςdroveἐλαύνω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κτάνονὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔβλητ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἀμύνωνdefendingἀμύνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔβλητ̓ᾗσιhisἑός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies βόεσσινβόεσσινcattleβοῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἀμύνων - 675
he was struck among the foremost by a cast from my hand,
Metre
ἔβλητἐνπρώτοισιν‖ἐμῆςἀπὸχειρὸςἄκοντι
ἔβλητstruckβάλλω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionπρώτοισινthe foremostπρῶτος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐνἐμῆςmyἐμός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies χειρὸςἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionχειρὸςhandχείρ · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἀπὸἄκοντιwith a javelinἄκων · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἔβλητ̓ - 676
and fell; and the country folk around him fled in terror.
Metre
κὰδἔπεσενλαοὶ‖δὲπερίτρεσανἀγροιῶται
κὰδdownκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlesentence particleἔπεσενfellπίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbλαοὶmenλαός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of περίτρεσανδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπερίτρεσανfled aroundπεριτρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀγροιῶταιcountry folkἀγροιώτης · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies λαοὶ - 677
From the plain we gathered and drove away an immense mass of spoil:
Metre
ληΐδαἐκπεδίου‖συνελάσσαμενἤλιθαπολλὴν
ληΐδαthe spoilληίς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ,δandδέ · particlesentence particleἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπεδίουthe plainπεδίον · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἐκσυνελάσσαμενwe gathered and droveσυνελαύνω · aorist active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbἤλιθαexceedinglyἤλιθα · adverbemphasizing particleπολλὴνimmenseπολύς · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ληΐδα - 678
fifty herds of cattle, as many flocks of sheep,
Metre
πεντήκονταβοῶν‖ἀγέλαςτόσαπώεαοἰῶν
πεντήκονταfiftyπεντήκοντα · numeralmodifies ἀγέλαςβοῶνcattleβοῦς · genitive plural nounmodifies ἀγέλαςἀγέλαςherdsἀγέλη · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶτόσαso manyτόσος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies πώεαπώεαflocksπῶυ · accusative plural neuter nounobject of δὲοἰῶνof sheepὄις · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies πώεα - 679
as many droves of pigs, as many broad herds of goats,
Metre
τόσσασυῶνσυβόσια‖τόσαἰπόλιαπλατέαἰγῶν
τόσσαso manyτόσος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies συβόσιασυῶνof pigsὗς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies συβόσιασυβόσιαdrovesσυβόσιον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of δὲτόσso manyτόσος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies αἰπόλιααἰπόλιαherdsαἰπόλιον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of δὲπλατέbroadπλατύς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies αἰπόλιααἰγῶνof goatsαἴξ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies αἰπόλια - 680
and a hundred and fifty chestnut horses,
Metre
ἵππουςδὲξανθὰς‖ἑκατὸνκαὶπεντήκοντα
ἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural feminine nounobject of δὲδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordξανθὰςchestnutξανθός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἑκατὸνa hundredἑκατόν · numeralmodifies καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπεντήκονταfiftyπεντήκοντα · numeralmodifies καὶ - 681
all mares, with many foals beneath them.
Metre
πάσαςθηλείας‖πολλῇσιδὲπῶλοιὑπῆσαν
πάσαςallπᾶς · accusative plural feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementθηλείαςmaresθῆλυς · accusative plural feminine adjectivepredicate nounπολλῇσιmanyπολύς · dative plural feminine adjectiveobject of ὑπῆσανδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπῶλοιfoalsπῶλος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ὑπῆσανὑπῆσανwere beneathὕπειμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 682
All these we drove inside Neleian Pylos
Metre
καὶτὰμὲνἠλασάμεσθα‖ΠύλονΝηλήϊονεἴσω
καὶandκαί · adverbsentence particleτὰthemὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of ἠλασάμεσθαμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἠλασάμεσθαdroveἐλαύνω · aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbΠύλονPylosΠύλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εἴσωΝηλήϊονNeleianΝηλεύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Πύλονεἴσωwithinεἴσω · prepositionpreposition - 683
by night, toward the town; and Neleus rejoiced in heart
Metre
ἐννύχιοιπροτὶἄστυ‖γεγήθειδὲφρέναΝηλεύς
ἐννύχιοιby nightἐννύχιος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπροτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionἄστυthe townἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of προτὶγεγήθειrejoicedγηθέω · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordφρέναin heartφρήν · accusative singular masculine nounobject of γεγήθειΝηλεύςNeleusΝηλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of γεγήθει - 684
because so much had fallen to me when I went young into war.
Metre
οὕνεκάμοιτύχεπολλὰ‖νέῳπόλεμονδὲκιόντι
οὕνεκάbecauseοὕνεκα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of τύχετύχεfell toτυγχάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to οὕνεκάπολλὰso muchπολύς · nominative plural neuter adjectivesubject of τύχενέῳyoungνέος · dative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπόλεμονwarπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κιόντιδὲtowardδέ · particleemphasizing particleκιόντιwentκίω · aorist active participle, dative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 685
At the showing of dawn the heralds cried aloud
κήρυκεςheraldsκῆρυξ · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἐλίγαινονδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐλίγαινονcried aloudλιγαίνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἅμatἅμα · prepositionprepositionἠοῖdawnἠώς · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἅμ̓φαινομένηφιappearingφαίνω · present medio-passive participle, dative plural femininecircumstantial complement - 686
that those to whom a debt was owed in holy Elis should come.
Metre
τοὺςἴμενοἷσιχρεῖος‖ὀφείλετἐνἬλιδιδίῃ
τοὺςthoseὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἴμενἴμενto comeεἶμι · present active infinitiveobject of ἐλίγαινονοἷσιto whomὅς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ὀφείλετ̓χρεῖοςdebtχρέος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ὀφείλετ̓ὀφείλετwas owedὀφείλω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τοὺςἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionἬλιδιElisἮλις · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνδίῃholyδῖος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἤλιδι - 687
The men who were leaders of the Pylians gathered
Metre
οἳδὲσυναγρόμενοι‖Πυλίωνἡγήτορεςἄνδρες
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubjectδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσυναγρόμενοιgathering togetherσυναγείρω · aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to δαίτρευονΠυλίωνof the PyliansΠύλιος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἡγήτορεςἡγήτορεςleadersἡγήτωρ · nominative plural masculine nounmodifies ἄνδρεςἄνδρεςmenἀνήρ · nominative plural masculine nounsubject - 688
and made the division, for the Epeians owed debts to many,
Metre
δαίτρευονπολέσιν‖γὰρἘπειοὶχρεῖοςὄφειλον
δαίτρευονthey dividedδαιτρεύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπολέσινmanyπολύς · plural masculine adjectiveobject of ὄφειλονγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἘπειοὶEpeiansἘπειός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ὄφειλονχρεῖοςdebtχρέος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ὄφειλονὄφειλονowedὀφείλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 689
since we were few in Pylos and had suffered harm.
Metre
ὡςἡμεῖςπαῦροι‖κεκακωμένοιἐνΠύλῳἦμεν
ὡςasὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἡμεῖςweἐγώ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἦμενπαῦροιfewπαῦρος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounκεκακωμένοιharmedκακόω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἦμενἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionΠύλῳPylosΠύλος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνἦμενwereεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verbadverbial to ὡς - 690
For the might of Heracles had come in former years
Metre
ἐλθὼνγάρἐκάκωσε‖βίηἩρακληείη
ἐλθὼνhaving comeἔρχομαι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐκάκωσεγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleῥthenἆρα · particlesentence particleἐκάκωσεharmedκακόω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓βίηmightβία · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐκάκωσεἩρακληείηof HeraclesἩράκλειος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies βίη - 691
and ravaged us, and all our best men had been killed.
Metre
τῶνπροτέρωνἐτέων‖κατὰἔκταθενὅσσοιἄριστοι
τῶνof theὁ · genitive plural neuter articlemodifies ἐτέωνπροτέρωνformerπρότερος · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἐτέωνἐτέωνyearsἔτος · genitive plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐκάκωσεκατὰdownκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔκταθενkilledκτείνω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὅσσοιall whoὅσος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubjectἄριστοιbestἄριστος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 692
For we were twelve sons of blameless Neleus;
Metre
δώδεκαγὰρΝηλῆος‖ἀμύμονοςυἱέεςἦμεν
δώδεκαtwelveδώδεκα · numeralmodifies υἱέεςγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleΝηλῆοςof NeleusΝηλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱέεςἀμύμονοςblamelessἀμύμων · genitive singular adjectivemodifies Νηλῆοςυἱέεςsonsυἱός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἦμενἦμενwereεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verb - 693
I alone was left, and all the others perished.
Metre
τῶνοἶοςλιπόμην‖οἳἄλλοιπάντεςὄλοντο
τῶνof theseὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies οἶοςοἶοςaloneοἶος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementλιπόμηνwas leftλείπω · aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine articlemodifies ἄλλοιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄλλοιotherἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ὄλοντοπάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἄλλοιὄλοντοperishedὄλλυμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 694
Proud of this, the bronze-clad Epeians
Metre
ταῦθὑπερηφανέοντες‖Ἐπειοὶχαλκοχίτωνες
ταῦθover thisοὗτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ὑπερηφανέοντεςὑπερηφανέοντεςbeing arrogantὑπερηφανέω · present active participle, nominative plural masculinemodifies μηχανόωντοἘπειοὶEpeiansἘπειός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of μηχανόωντοχαλκοχίτωνεςbronze-cladχαλκοχίτων · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἐπειοὶ - 695
treated us with outrage and plotted reckless deeds.
Metre
ἡμέαςὑβρίζοντες‖ἀτάσθαλαμηχανόωντο
ἡμέαςusἐγώ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ὑβρίζοντεςὑβρίζοντεςtreating outrageouslyὑβρίζω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to μηχανόωντοἀτάσθαλαreckless deedsἀτάσθαλος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of μηχανόωντομηχανόωντοplottedμηχανάομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 696
From the spoil the old man chose a herd of cattle and a great flock of sheep,
ἐκfromἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies γέρωνγέρωνold manγέρων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εἵλετοἀγέληνa herdἀγέλη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleβοῶνcattleβοῦς · genitive plural nounmodifies ἀγέληνκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπῶϋflockπῶυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶμέγgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πῶϋοἰῶνof sheepὄις · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies πῶϋ - 697
three hundred head when counted, and their herdsmen too.
Metre
εἵλετοκρινάμενος‖τριηκόσιἠδὲνομῆας
εἵλετοtookαἱρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκρινάμενοςhaving chosenκρίνω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἵλετοτριηκόσιthree hundredτριακόσιοι · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἠδὲἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordνομῆαςherdsmenνομεύς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἠδὲ - 698
For a great debt was owed to him in holy Elis as well:
Metre
καὶγὰρτῷχρεῖος‖μέγὀφείλετἐνἬλιδιδίῃ
καὶandκαί · adverbsentence particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτῷhimὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ὀφείλετ̓χρεῖοςdebtχρέος · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectμέγgreatμέγας · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies χρεῖοςὀφείλετwas owedὀφείλω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionἬλιδιElisἮλις · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνδίῃholyδῖος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἤλιδι - 699
four prize-winning horses with their own chariots
Metre
τέσσαρεςἀθλοφόροι‖ἵπποιαὐτοῖσινὄχεσφιν
τέσσαρεςfourτέσσαρες · numeralmodifies ἵπποιἀθλοφόροιprize-winningἀθλοφόρος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵπποιἵπποιhorsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubjectαὐτοῖσινtheirαὐτός · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ὄχεσφινὄχεσφινchariotsὄχος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐλθόντες - 700
had gone to the games, for they were to run
Metre
ἐλθόντεςμετἄεθλα‖περὶτρίποδοςγὰρἔμελλον
ἐλθόντεςhaving goneἔρχομαι · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculinemodifies ἵπποιμετtoμετά · prepositionprepositionἄεθλαthe gamesἆθλον · accusative plural neuter nounadverbial to μετ̓περὶforπερί · prepositionprepositionτρίποδοςa tripodτρίπους · genitive singular masculine nounobject of περὶγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἔμελλονwere toμέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 701
for a tripod; but Augeas, lord of men, held them there
Metre
θεύσεσθαιτοὺςαὖθι‖ἄναξἀνδρῶνΑὐγείας
θεύσεσθαιto runθέω · future middle infinitiveobject of ἔμελλοντοὺςthemὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of κάσχεθεδbutδέ · particlesentence particleαὖθιthereαὖθι · adverbobject of κάσχεθεἄναξlordἄναξ · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Αὐγείαςἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἄναξΑὐγείαςAugeasΑὐγείας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓ - 702
and sent away the driver, grieving for the horses.
κάσχεθεheld backκατασχεθεῖν · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine articlemodifies ἐλατῆῤδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐλατῆρdriverἐλατήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀφίειἀφίειsent awayἀφίημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀκαχήμενονgrievingἀχεύω · perfect passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἵππωνhorsesἵππος · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἀκαχήμενον - 703
Angered by those words and deeds, the old man
Metre
τῶνὃγέρωνἐπέων‖κεχολωμένοςἠδὲκαὶἔργων
τῶνof theseὁ · genitive plural neuter articlemodifies ἐπέωνὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies γέρωνγέρωνold manγέρων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐξέλετ̓ἐπέωνwordsἔπος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of καὶκεχολωμένοςangeredχολόω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐξέλετ̓ἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctionsentence particleκαὶandκαί · adverbcoordinating wordἔργωνof deedsἔργον · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἠδὲ - 704
took an immense return; but the rest he gave to the people
Metre
ἐξέλετἄσπεταπολλά‖τὰἄλλἐςδῆμονἔδωκε
ἐξέλετtookἐξαιρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄσπεταimmenseἄσπετος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἐξέλετ̓πολλάmany thingsπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἄσπετατὰtheὁ · accusative plural neuter articlemodifies ἄλλ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄλλthe restἄλλος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἔδωκεἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionδῆμονpeopleδῆμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐςἔδωκεgaveδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 705
to divide, so no man might go deprived of his fair share.
Metre
δαιτρεύεινμήτίς‖οἱἀτεμβόμενοςκίοιἴσης
δαιτρεύεινto divideδαιτρεύω · present active infinitiveadverbial to ἔδωκεμήlestμή · adverbsubordinating conjunctionτίςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of κίοιοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of κίοιἀτεμβόμενοςbeing deprivedἀτέμβω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculinecircumstantial complementκίοιmight goκίω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to μήἴσηςfair shareἴσος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies - 706
We saw to each of these things, and throughout the town
Metre
ἡμεῖςμὲντὰἕκαστα‖διείπομενἀμφίτεἄστυ
ἡμεῖςweἐγώ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of τεμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleτὰthemὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of διείπομενἕκασταeachἕκαστος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τὰδιείπομενsaw toδιεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbἀμφίthroughoutἀμφί · prepositionprepositionτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordἄστυcityἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἀμφί - 707
offered sacrifice to the gods. But on the third day they all
Metre
ἕρδομενἱρὰθεοῖς‖οἳδὲτρίτῳἤματιπάντες
ἕρδομενwe offeredἔρδω · imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbἱρὰsacrificesἱερός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἕρδομενθεοῖςto godsθεός · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἕρδομενοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubjectδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτρίτῳthirdτρίτος · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἤματιἤματιdayἦμαρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἦλθονπάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies οἳ - 708
came together, many men and single-hoofed horses,
Metre
ἦλθονὁμῶςαὐτοί‖τεπολεῖςκαὶμώνυχεςἵπποι
ἦλθονcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὁμῶςtogetherὁμῶς · adverbsentence particleαὐτοίthemselvesαὐτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleπολεῖςmanyπολεῖς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies αὐτοίκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμώνυχεςsingle-hoofedμω~νυξ · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵπποιἵπποιhorsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 709
in full force; and among them the two Moliones armed,
Metre
πανσυδίῃμετὰδέ‖σφιΜολίονεθωρήσσοντο
πανσυδίῃin full forceπανσυδίῃ · adverbadverbial to ἦλθονμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσφιamong themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to μετὰΜολίονεMolionesΜολίων · nominative dual masculine nounsubject of θωρήσσοντοθωρήσσοντοarmedθωρήσσω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 710
still boys, not yet well skilled in furious valor.
Metre
παῖδἔτἐόντοὔπω‖μάλαεἰδότεθούριδοςἀλκῆς
παῖδboysπαι~ς · nominative dual masculine nounpredicate nounἔτstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to ἐόντ̓ἐόντbeingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to ,οὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleπωyetπω · particlesentence particleμάλαveryμάλα · adverbadverbial to εἰδότεεἰδότεversedοἶδα · perfect active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to ,θούριδοςfuriousθου~ρις · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀλκῆςἀλκῆςvalorἀλκή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of εἰδότε - 711
There is a city called Thryoessa, a steep hill
Metre
ἔστιδέτιςΘρυόεσσα‖πόλιςαἰπεῖακολώνη
ἔστιthere isεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτιςa certainτις · nominative singular feminine pronounmodifies πόλιςΘρυόεσσαThryoessaθρυόεσσα · nominative singular feminine nounmodifies πόλιςπόλιςcityπόλις · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectαἰπεῖαsteepαἰπύς · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κολώνηκολώνηhillκολώνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject - 712
far off beside the Alpheus, at the edge of sandy Pylos.
Metre
τηλοῦἐπἈλφειῷ‖νεάτηΠύλουἠμαθόεντος
τηλοῦfar offτηλοῦ · adverbadverbial to ἔστιἐπbesideἐπί · prepositionprepositionἈλφειῷthe AlpheusἈλφειός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐπ̓νεάτηat the edgeνέατος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifiesΠύλουPylosΠύλος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies νεάτηἠμαθόεντοςsandyἠμαθόεις · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Πύλου - 713
They camped around it, eager to tear it down.
Metre
τὴνἀμφεστρατόωντο‖διαρραῖσαιμεμαῶτες
τὴνitὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ἀμφεστρατόωντοἀμφεστρατόωντοthey camped aroundἀμφιστρατάομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδιαρραῖσαιto tear downδιαρραίω · aorist active infinitiveobject of μεμαῶτεςμεμαῶτεςeagerμέμαα · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἀμφεστρατόωντο - 714
But when they had crossed the whole plain, Athena came to us,
Metre
ἀλλὅτεπᾶνπεδίον‖μετεκίαθονἄμμιἈθήνη
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπᾶνwholeπᾶς · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πεδίονπεδίονplainπεδίον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of μετεκίαθονμετεκίαθονthey crossedμετακιάθω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὅτεἄμμιto usἐγώ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἦλθεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἈθήνηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of δ̓ - 715
a messenger speeding from Olympus, bidding us arm,
Metre
ἄγγελοςἦλθεθέουσ‖ἀπὈλύμπουθωρήσσεσθαι
ἄγγελοςmessengerἄγγελος · nominative singular feminine nouncircumstantial complementἦλθεcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθέουσrunningθέω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἦλθεἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionὈλύμπουOlympusὌλυμπος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀπ̓θωρήσσεσθαιarmθωρήσσω · present medio-passive infinitiveadverbial to ἦλθε - 716
by night; and through Pylos she gathered no unwilling host,
Metre
ἔννυχοςοὐδἀέκοντα‖Πύλονκάταλαὸνἄγειρεν
ἔννυχοςby nightἔννυχος · nominative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀέκονταunwillingἀέκων · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementΠύλονPylosΠύλος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to κάτακάταthroughκατά · prepositionprepositionλαὸνhostλαός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἄγειρενἄγειρενgatheredἀγείρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 717
but men fiercely eager to fight. Yet Neleus would not
Metre
ἀλλὰμάλἐσσυμένους‖πολεμίζεινοὐδέμεΝηλεὺς
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordμάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleἐσσυμένουςfiercely eagerἐσσύμενος · accusative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπολεμίζεινto fightπολεμίζω · present active infinitiveobject of ἐσσυμένουςμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of θωρήσσεσθαιΝηλεὺςNeleusΝηλεύς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of δέ - 718
let me arm, and he hid my horses from me,
Metre
εἴαθωρήσσεσθαι‖ἀπέκρυψενδέμοιἵππους
εἴαwould letἐάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθωρήσσεσθαιarmθωρήσσω · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of εἴαἀπέκρυψενhe hidἀποκρύπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀπέκρυψενἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἀπέκρυψεν - 719
for he said I knew nothing yet of the works of war.
Metre
οὐγάρπώτίἔφη‖ἴδμενπολεμήϊαἔργα
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleπώyetπω · particlesentence particleτίanythingτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to ἔφημIἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἴδμενἔφηhe saidφημί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἴδμενknowοἶδα · perfect active infinitiveobject of ἔφηπολεμήϊαof warπολεμήιος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔργαἔργαdeedsἔργον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἴδμεν - 720
Even so, I stood out among our chariot-fighters,
Metre
ἀλλὰκαὶὧςἱππεῦσι‖μετέπρεπονἡμετέροισι
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleκαὶandκαί · adverbemphasizing particleὧςeven soὡς · adverbadverbial to μετέπρεπονἱππεῦσιamong the horsemenἱππεύς · dative plural masculine nounobject of μετέπρεπονμετέπρεπονI stood outμεταπρέπω · imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἡμετέροισιourἡμέτερος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἱππεῦσι - 721
though I went on foot, for so Athena led the strife.
Metre
καὶπεζόςπερἐών‖ἐπεὶὧςἄγενεῖκοςἈθήνη
καὶthoughκαί · adverbsentence particleπεζόςon footπεζός · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounπερevenπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἐώνbeingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μετέπρεπονἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionὧςeven soὡς · adverbadverbial to ἄγεἄγεledἄγω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶνεῖκοςthe strifeνεῖκος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἄγεἈθήνηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἄγε - 722
There is a river, the Minyeius, flowing into the sea
Metre
ἔστιδέτιςποταμὸς‖Μινυήϊοςεἰςἅλαβάλλων
ἔστιthere isεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlesentence particleτιςaτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies ποταμὸςποταμὸςriverποταμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔστιΜινυήϊοςMinyeiusΜινύειος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ποταμὸςεἰςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἅλαseaἅλς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἰςβάλλωνflowingβάλλω · present active participle, nominative singular masculinemodifies ποταμὸς - 723
near Arene; there we Pylian chariot-fighters waited for shining Dawn,
Metre
ἐγγύθενἈρήνης‖ὅθιμείναμενἨῶδῖαν
ἐγγύθενnearἐγγύθεν · prepositionprepositionἈρήνηςAreneἈρήνη · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐγγύθενὅθιwhereὅθι · adverbadverbial to μείναμενμείναμενwe waitedμένω · aorist active indicative, 1st plural verbverb of a clause describing ποταμὸςἨῶDawnἠώς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of μείναμενδῖανshiningδι~ος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἠῶ - 724
while the companies of footmen streamed after us.
Metre
ἱππῆεςΠυλίων‖τὰἐπέρρεονἔθνεαπεζῶν
ἱππῆεςhorsemenἱππεύς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of μείναμενΠυλίωνof the PyliansΠύλιος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἱππῆεςτὰtheὁ · nominative plural neuter articlemodifies ἔθνεαδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπέρρεονstreamed afterἐπιρρέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἔθνεαcompaniesἔθνος · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of ἐπέρρεονπεζῶνof foot soldiersπεζός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἔθνεα - 725
From there, armed in our war gear and all together,
Metre
ἔνθενπανσυδίῃ‖σὺντεύχεσιθωρηχθέντες
ἔνθενfrom thereἔνθεν · adverbadverbial to ἱκόμεσθ̓πανσυδίῃall togetherπανσυδίῃ · adverbadverbial to ἱκόμεσθ̓σὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionτεύχεσιarmorτεῦχος · dative plural neuter nounobject of σὺνθωρηχθέντεςarmedθωρήσσω · aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἱκόμεσθ̓ - 726
we reached the sacred stream of the Alpheus at noon.
Metre
ἔνδιοιἱκόμεσθ‖ἱερὸνῥόονἈλφειοῖο
ἔνδιοιat noonἔνδιος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἱκόμεσθreachedἱκνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbἱερὸνholyἱερός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ῥόονῥόονstreamῥόος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἱκόμεσθ̓Ἀλφειοῖοof the AlpheusἈλφειός · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ῥόον - 727
There we made fair sacrifices to the exceedingly mighty Zeus,
Metre
ἔνθαΔιὶῥέξαντες‖ὑπερμενεῖἱερὰκαλά
ἔνθαthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἑλόμεσθαΔιὶto ZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of ῥέξαντεςῥέξαντεςhaving sacrificedῥέζω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to αὐτὰρὑπερμενεῖexceedingly mightyὑπερμενής · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Διὶἱερὰsacrificesἱερόν · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ῥέξαντεςκαλάfineκαλός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἱερὰ - 728
a bull to Alpheus and a bull to Poseidon,
ταῦρονa bullταῦρος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectδandδέ · particlesentence particleἈλφειῷto AlpheusἈλφειός · dative singular masculine nounobjectταῦρονa bullταῦρος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleΠοσειδάωνιto PoseidonΠοσειδεών · dative singular masculine nounobject - 729
and a heifer from the herd to bright-eyed Athena.
Metre
αὐτὰρἈθηναίη‖γλαυκώπιδιβοῦνἀγελαίην
αὐτὰρandἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordἈθηναίηto AthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounobjectγλαυκώπιδιbright-eyedγλαυκω~πις · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἀθηναίηβοῦνa heiferβοῦς · accusative singular feminine nounobjectἀγελαίηνfrom the herdἀγελαῖος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies βοῦν - 730
Then we took supper throughout the host by companies,
Metre
δόρπονἔπειθἑλόμεσθα‖κατὰστρατὸνἐντελέεσσι
δόρπονsupperδόρπον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἑλόμεσθαἔπειθthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἑλόμεσθαἑλόμεσθαtookαἱρέω · aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbκατὰthroughoutκατά · prepositionprepositionστρατὸνthe hostστρατός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to κατὰἐνbyἐν · prepositionprepositionτελέεσσιcompaniesτέλος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐν - 731
and each man lay down in his own armor
Metre
καὶκατεκοιμήθημεν‖ἐνἔντεσινοἷσινἕκαστος
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκατεκοιμήθημενwe lay downκατακοιμάω · aorist passive indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionἔντεσινarmorἔντεα · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐνοἷσινhis ownἑός · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔντεσινἕκαστοςeachἕκαστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 732
beside the river's streams. But the great-hearted Epeians
Metre
ἀμφὶῥοὰςποταμοῖο‖ἀτὰρμεγάθυμοιἘπειοὶ
ἀμφὶbesideἀμφί · prepositionprepositionῥοὰςstreamsῥοή · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἀμφὶποταμοῖοof the riverποταμός · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ῥοὰςἀτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleμεγάθυμοιgreat-heartedμεγάθυμος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἘπειοὶἘπειοὶEpeiansἘπειός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἀμφέσταν - 733
stood round the town, eager now to tear it down;
Metre
ἀμφέστανδὴἄστυ‖διαρραῖσαιμεμαῶτες
ἀμφέστανthey stood aroundἀμφίστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleἄστυcityἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of διαρραῖσαιδιαρραῖσαιto tear downδιαρραίω · aorist active infinitiveobject of μεμαῶτεςμεμαῶτεςeagerμέμαα · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἀμφέσταν - 734
but before them a great work of Ares appeared.
Metre
ἀλλάσφιπροπάροιθε‖φάνημέγαἔργονἌρηος
ἀλλάbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleσφιfor themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to προπάροιθεπροπάροιθεbeforeπροπάροιθε · prepositionprepositionφάνηappearedφαίνω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμέγαgreatμέγας · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔργονἔργονworkἔργον · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of φάνηἌρηοςof AresἌρης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἔργον - 735
For when the blazing sun rose above the earth,
Metre
εὖτεγὰρἠέλιος‖φαέθωνὑπερέσχεθεγαίης
εὖτεwhenεὖτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἠέλιοςthe sunἠέλιος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὑπερέσχεθεφαέθωνblazingφαέθω · present active participle, nominative singular masculinemodifies ἠέλιοςὑπερέσχεθεrose aboveὑπερέχω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εὖτεγαίηςthe earthγαῖα · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ὑπερέσχεθε - 736
we met in battle, praying to Zeus and Athena.
Metre
συμφερόμεσθαμάχῃ‖ΔιίεὐχόμενοικαὶἈθήνῃ
συμφερόμεσθαclashed togetherσυμφέρω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbμάχῃin battleμάχη · dative singular feminine nounobject of συμφερόμεσθαΔιίto ZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτandτε · particlesentence particleεὐχόμενοιprayingεὔχομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to συμφερόμεσθακαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἈθήνῃto AthenaἈθήνη · dative singular feminine nounobject of καὶ - 737
But when the strife of Pylians and Epeians began,
Metre
ἀλλὅτεδὴΠυλίων‖καὶἘπειῶνἔπλετονεῖκος
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleΠυλίωνof the PyliansΠύλιος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἘπειῶνEpeiansἘπειός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies καὶἔπλετοbeganπέλω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτενεῖκοςstrifeνεῖκος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔπλετο - 738
I was first to take a man, and I carried off his single-hoofed horses:
Metre
πρῶτοςἐγὼνἕλονἄνδρα‖κόμισσαδὲμώνυχαςἵππους
πρῶτοςfirstπρῶτος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐγὼνIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἕλονἕλονtookαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἄνδραmanἀνήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ,κόμισσαcarried offκομίζω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμώνυχαςsingle-hoofedμω~νυξ · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of κόμισσα - 739
Mulius the spearman, who was Augeas' son-in-law,
ΜούλιονMuliusΜούλιος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ,αἰχμητήνspearmanαἰχμητής · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Μούλιονγαμβρὸςson-in-lawγαμβρός · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate nounδandδέ · particlesentence particleἦνwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΑὐγείαοof AugeasΑὐγείας · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies γαμβρὸς - 740
for he had his eldest daughter, golden-haired Agamede,
Metre
πρεσβυτάτηνδὲθύγατρ‖εἶχεξανθὴνἈγαμήδην
πρεσβυτάτηνeldestπρέσβυς · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies θύγατῤδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordθύγατρdaughterθυγάτηρ · accusative singular feminine nounobjectεἶχεhad as wifeἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbξανθὴνfair-hairedξανθός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἈγαμήδηνἈγαμήδηνAgamedeἈγαμήδη · accusative singular feminine nounobject - 741
who knew all the healing drugs the broad earth nourishes.
Metre
ἣτόσαφάρμακαᾔδη‖ὅσατρέφειεὐρεῖαχθών
ἣwhoὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ᾔδητόσαso manyτόσος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies φάρμακαφάρμακαdrugsφάρμακον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ᾔδηᾔδηknewοἶδα · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describingὅσαas many asὅσος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of τρέφειτρέφειbreedsτρέφω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τόσαεὐρεῖαwideεὐρύς · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χθώνχθώνearthχθών · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τρέφει - 742
As he came on, I struck him with my bronze-shod spear,
Metre
τὸνμὲνἐγὼπροσιόντα‖βάλονχαλκήρεϊδουρί
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of βάλονμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of βάλονπροσιόνταapproachingπρόσειμι · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementβάλονstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbχαλκήρεϊbronze-fittedχαλκήρης · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δουρίδουρίspearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to βάλον - 743
and he fell in the dust; then I sprang into his chariot
Metre
ἤριπεἐνκονίῃσιν‖ἐγὼἐςδίφρονὀρούσας
ἤριπεfellἐρείπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionκονίῃσινthe dustκονία · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of στῆνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionδίφρονchariotδίφρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐςὀρούσαςhaving sprungὀρούω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to στῆν - 744
and took my stand among the foremost. The great-hearted Epeians
Metre
στῆνῥαμετὰπρομάχοισιν‖ἀτὰρμεγάθυμοιἘπειοὶ
στῆνtook my standἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionπρομάχοισινforemost fightersπρόμαχος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of μετὰἀτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleμεγάθυμοιgreat-heartedμεγάθυμος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἘπειοὶἘπειοὶEpeiansἘπειός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἔτρεσαν - 745
fled, one man one way, one another, when they saw their man fallen,
Metre
ἔτρεσανἄλλυδιςἄλλος‖ἐπεὶἴδονἄνδραπεσόντα
ἔτρεσανfledτρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἄλλυδιςin every directionἄλλυδις · adverbadverbial to ἄλλοςἄλλοςanotherἄλλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἴδονthey sawεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἐπεὶἄνδραmanἀνήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobjectπεσόνταfallenπίπτω · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 746
the leader of the horsemen, who had excelled in battle.
Metre
ἡγεμόνἱππήων‖ὃςἀριστεύεσκεμάχεσθαι
ἡγεμόνleaderἡγεμών · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἱππήωνhorsemenἱππεύς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἡγεμόν̓ὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀριστεύεσκεἀριστεύεσκεwas ever foremostἀριστεύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describingμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἀριστεύεσκε - 747
But I swept upon them like a black whirlwind,
Metre
αὐτὰρἐγὼνἐπόρουσα‖κελαινῇλαίλαπιἶσος
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐγὼνIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐπόρουσαἐπόρουσαswept uponἐπορούω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbκελαινῇdarkκελαινός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies λαίλαπιλαίλαπιstorm-blastλαῖλαψ · dative singular feminine nounmodifies ἶσοςἶσοςlikeἴσος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 748
and took fifty chariots; beside each one, two
Metre
πεντήκονταἕλον‖δίφρουςδύοἀμφὶςἕκαστον
πεντήκονταfiftyπεντήκοντα · numeralmodifies δίφρουςδandδέ · particlesentence particleἕλονtookαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbδίφρουςchariotsδίφρος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἕλονδύοtwoδύο · numeralmodifies φῶτεςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀμφὶςbesideἀμφίς · adverbprepositionἕκαστονeach oneἕκαστος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἀμφὶς - 749
men bit the ground, broken beneath my spear.
Metre
φῶτεςὀδὰξἕλονοὖδας‖ἐμῷὑπὸδουρὶδαμέντες
φῶτεςmenφώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἕλονὀδὰξwith their teethὀδάξ · adverbadverbial to ἕλονἕλονbitαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbοὖδαςthe groundοὖδας · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἕλονἐμῷmyἐμός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δουρὶὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionδουρὶspearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounobject of ὑπὸδαμέντεςbrokenδαμάζω · aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἕλον - 750
And then I would have destroyed the two Actoriones, the Moliones,
Metre
καίνύκενἈκτορίωνε‖Μολίονεπαῖδἀλάπαξα
καίandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleνύthenνῦν · adverbsentence particleκενwould haveἄν · particlesentence particleἈκτορίωνεsons of ActorἈκτορίων · accusative dual masculine nounmodifies ΜολίονεΜολίονεMolionesΜολίων · accusative dual masculine nounobject of ἀλάπαξαπαῖδsonsπαῖς · accusative dual masculine nounmodifies Μολίονεἀλάπαξαwould have destroyedἀλαπάζω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 751
had not their father, the wide-ruling shaker of the earth,
Metre
εἰμήσφωεπατὴρ‖εὐρὺκρείωνἐνοσίχθων
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμήnotμή · adverbemphasizing particleσφωεthem bothσφεῖς · accusative dual masculine pronounobject of ἐσάωσεπατὴρfatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectεὐρὺwideεὐρύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveemphasizing particleκρείωνlordκρείων · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἐνοσίχθωνἐνοσίχθωνEarth-shakerἘνοσίχθων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 752
saved the two from battle, wrapping them in thick mist.
Metre
ἐκπολέμουἐσάωσε‖καλύψαςἠέριπολλῇ
ἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπολέμουwarπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκἐσάωσεsavedσώζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἰκαλύψαςhaving wrappedκαλύπτω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐσάωσεἠέριin mistἀήρ · dative singular feminine nounobject of καλύψαςπολλῇthickπολύς · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἠέρι - 753
Then Zeus placed great strength in the hands of the Pylians;
Metre
ἔνθαΖεὺςΠυλίοισι‖μέγακράτοςἐγγυάλιξε
ἔνθαthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἐγγυάλιξεΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐγγυάλιξεΠυλίοισιthe PyliansΠύλιος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐγγυάλιξεμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κράτοςκράτοςpowerκράτος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐγγυάλιξεἐγγυάλιξεentrustedἐγγυαλίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 754
for so long we followed them across the broad plain,
Metre
τόφραγὰροὖνἑπόμεσθα‖διὰσπιδέοςπεδίοιο
τόφραso longτόφρα · adverbadverbial to ἑπόμεσθαγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleοὖνindeedοὖν · particlesentence particleἑπόμεσθαfollowedἕπομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionσπιδέοςbroadσπιδής · genitive singular neuter adjectivemodifies πεδίοιοπεδίοιοthe plainπεδίον · genitive singular neuter nounadverbial to διὰ - 755
killing the men themselves and gathering their fine armor,
κτείνοντέςkillingκτείνω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to τ̓τandτε · particlesentence particleαὐτοὺςthemαὐτός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of κτείνοντέςἀνάupἀνά · prepositionemphasizing particleτandτε · particlecoordinating wordἔντεαarmorἔντεα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of λέγοντεςκαλὰfairκαλός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔντεαλέγοντεςgatheringλέγω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to τ̓ - 756
until we drove our horses to wheat-rich Buprasium
Metre
ὄφρἐπὶΒουπρασίου‖πολυπύρουβήσαμενἵππους
ὄφρuntilὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἐπὶtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionΒουπρασίουBuprasiumΒουπρασίον · genitive singular neuter nounobject of καὶπολυπύρουwheat-richπολύπυρος · genitive singular neuter adjectivemodifies Βουπρασίουβήσαμενwe droveβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 1st plural verbadverbial to ὄφῤἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of βήσαμεν - 757
and the Olenian Rock, and to the place where the hill of Alesium
Metre
πέτρηςὨλενίης‖καὶἈλησίουἔνθακολώνη
πέτρηςrockπέτρα · genitive singular feminine nounobject of καὶτandτε · particlesentence particleὨλενίηςOlenianὨλενίη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies πέτρηςκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἈλησίουof AlesiumἈλησίον · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies κολώνηἔνθαthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to κέκληταικολώνηmoundκολώνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of κέκληται - 758
is called; from there Athena turned the host back again.
Metre
κέκληταιὅθεναὖτις‖ἀπέτραπελαὸνἈθήνη
κέκληταιis calledκαλέω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of καὶὅθενwhenceὅθεν · adverbobject of ἀπέτραπεαὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbadverbial to ἀπέτραπεἀπέτραπεturned backἀποτρέπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a subordinate clauseλαὸνhostλαός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀπέτραπεἈθήνηAthenaἈθήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἀπέτραπε - 759
There I killed the last man and left him; but the Achaeans
Metre
ἔνθἄνδρακτείνας‖πύματονλίποναὐτὰρἈχαιοὶ
ἔνθthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to λίπονἄνδραmanἀνήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of λίπονκτείναςhaving killedκτείνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to λίπονπύματονthe lastπύματος · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementλίπονI leftλείπω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbαὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἈχαιοὶAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἔχον - 760
drove their swift horses back from Buprasium toward Pylos,
Metre
ἂψἀπὸΒουπρασίοιο‖Πύλονδἔχονὠκέαςἵππους
ἂψbackἄψ · adverbadverbial to ἔχονἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionΒουπρασίοιοBuprasiumΒουπρασίον · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἀπὸΠύλονδto PylosΠυλόνδε · adverbobject of ἔχονἔχονdroveἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὠκέαςswiftὠκύς · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἔχον - 761
and all gave glory among the gods to Zeus, among men to Nestor.
πάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of εὐχετόωντοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordεὐχετόωντοgave gloryεὐχετάομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbθεῶνamong the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ΔιὶΔιὶto ZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of τ̓Νέστορίto NestorΝέστωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of τ̓τandτε · particlecoordinating wordἀνδρῶνamong menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies Νέστορί - 762
Such was I among men, if ever I was. But Achilles
Metre
ὣςἔονεἴποτἔον‖γεμετἀνδράσιναὐτὰρἈχιλλεὺς
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔονἔονI wasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionποτonceποτέ · particlesentence particleἔονI wasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verbadverbial to εἴγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleμετamongμετά · prepositionprepositionἀνδράσινmenἀνήρ · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to μετ̓αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἈχιλλεὺςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπονήσεται - 763
alone will reap the profit of his valor; yet I think
Metre
οἶοςτῆςἀρετῆς‖ἀπονήσεταιἦτέμινοἴω
οἶοςaloneοἶος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementτῆςof hisὁ · genitive singular feminine articlemodifies ἀρετῆςἀρετῆςvalorἀρετή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἀπονήσεταιἀπονήσεταιwill reap profitἀπονίναμαι · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verbmain verbἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleτέandτε · particlesentence particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of μετακλαύσεσθαιοἴωI thinkοἴομαι · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 764
he will weep bitterly afterward, when the army has perished.
Metre
πολλὰμετακλαύσεσθαι‖ἐπείἀπὸλαὸςὄληται
πολλὰbitterlyπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to μετακλαύσεσθαιμετακλαύσεσθαιgrieve afterwardμετακλαίω · future middle infinitiveobject of οἴωἐπείwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκmayἄν · particlesentence particleἀπὸawayἀπό · prepositionemphasizing particleλαὸςarmyλαός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὄληταιὄληταιshall perishὄλλυμι · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεί - 765
My friend, this is what Menoetius charged you,
Metre
ὦπέπονἦμὲνσοί‖γεΜενοίτιοςὧδἐπέτελλεν
ὦmyὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleπέπονfriendπέπων · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleσοίyouσύ · dative singular pronounobject of ἐπέτελλενγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleΜενοίτιοςMenoetiusΜενοίτιος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐπέτελλενὧδsoὧδε · adverbadverbial to ἐπέτελλενἐπέτελλενlaid commandsἐπιτέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 766
on the day when he sent you from Phthia to Agamemnon:
Metre
ἤματιτῷὅτεἐκ‖ΦθίηςἈγαμέμνονιπέμπε
ἤματιdayἦμαρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐπέτελλεντῷthatὁ · dative singular neuter articlemodifies ἤματιὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionσyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of πέμπεἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionΦθίηςPhthiaΦθία · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐκἈγαμέμνονιto AgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · dative singular masculine nounobject of πέμπεπέμπεhe sentπέμπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ὅτε - 767
we two, godlike Odysseus and I, were inside
Metre
νῶϊδέἔνδονἐόντες‖ἐγὼκαὶδῖοςὈδυσσεὺς
νῶϊwe twoἐγώ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubjectδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτandτε · particlesentence particleἔνδονinsideἔνδον · adverbadverbial to ἐόντεςἐόντεςbeingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἠκούομενἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordδῖοςgodlikeδῖος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσσεὺςὈδυσσεὺςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 768
and heard clearly in the halls all that he charged you.
Metre
πάνταμάλἐνμεγάροις‖ἠκούομενὡςἐπέτελλε
πάνταallπᾶς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἠκούομενμάλclearlyμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionμεγάροιςhallsμέγαρον · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐνἠκούομενwe heardἀκούω · imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbὡςall thatὡς · conjunctionadverbial to ἐπέτελλεἐπέτελλεgave chargeἐπιτέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἠκούομεν - 769
We had come to the well-inhabited house of Peleus,
Πηλῆοςof PeleusΠηλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies δόμουςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἱκόμεσθαwe cameἱκνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbδόμουςthe houseδόμος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἱκόμεσθαεὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to ναιετάονταςναιετάονταςinhabitedναιετάω · present active participle, accusative plural masculinemodifies δόμους - 770
gathering the army through all rich-pastured Achaea.
Metre
λαὸνἀγείροντες‖κατἈχαιΐδαπουλυβότειραν
λαὸνhostλαός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀγείροντεςἀγείροντεςgatheringἀγείρω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἱκόμεσθακατthroughoutκατά · prepositionprepositionἈχαιΐδαAchaeaἈχαιίς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of κατ̓πουλυβότειρανrich-pasturedπουλυβότειρα · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἀχαιΐδα - 771
There inside we found the hero Menoetius,
Metre
ἔνθαἔπειθἥρωα‖Μενοίτιονεὕρομενἔνδον
ἔνθαthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to εὕρομενδandδέ · particlesentence particleἔπειθthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to εὕρομενἥρωαheroἥρως · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ΜενοίτιονΜενοίτιονMenoetiusΜενοίτιος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of δ̓εὕρομενfoundεὑρίσκω · aorist active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbἔνδονinsideἔνδον · adverbadverbial to εὕρομεν - 772
and you, with Achilles beside you; and old Peleus the horseman
Metre
ἠδὲσέπὰρἈχιλῆα‖γέρωνἱππηλάταΠηλεὺς
ἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordσέyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of ἠδὲπὰρbesideπαρά · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἈχιλῆαAchillesἈχιλλεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobjectγέρωνold manγέρων · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Πηλεὺςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἱππηλάταhorsemanἱππηλάτης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΠηλεὺςΠηλεὺςPeleusΠηλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καῖε - 773
was burning the fat thigh-pieces of an ox to Zeus who delights in thunder,
Metre
πίοναμηρίακαῖε‖βοὸςΔιὶτερπικεραύνῳ
πίοναfatπίων · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies μηρίαμηρίαthighsμηρία · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καῖεκαῖεburnedκαίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβοὸςof an oxβοῦς · genitive singular nounmodifies μηρίαΔιὶto ZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of καῖετερπικεραύνῳwho delights in thunderτερπικέραυνος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Διὶ - 774
in the court's enclosure; and he held a golden cup,
Metre
αὐλῆςἐνχόρτῳ‖ἔχεδὲχρύσειονἄλεισον
αὐλῆςof the courtαὐλή · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies χόρτῳἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionχόρτῳenclosureχόρτος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνἔχεheldἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχρύσειονgoldenχρύσεος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἄλεισονἄλεισονcupἄλεισον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔχε - 775
pouring gleaming wine over the burning offerings.
Metre
σπένδωναἴθοπαοἶνον‖ἐπαἰθομένοιςἱεροῖσι
σπένδωνpouringσπένδω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔχεαἴθοπαsparklingαἶθοψ · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies οἶνονοἶνονwineοἶνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of σπένδωνἐπoverἐπί · prepositionprepositionαἰθομένοιςblazingαἴθω · present medio-passive participle, dative plural neutermodifies ἱεροῖσιἱεροῖσιofferingsἱερόν · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἐπ̓ - 776
You two were busy with the ox's meat; then we two
σφῶϊyou twoσύ · nominative dual pronounsubject of ἕπετονμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionβοὸςof an oxβοῦς · genitive singular nounmodifies κρέαἕπετονwere busyἕπομαι · aorist active indicative, 2nd dual verbmain verbκρέαmeatκρέας · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἀμφὶνῶϊwe twoἐγώ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of στῆμενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to στῆμεν - 777
stood in the entryway. Startled, Achilles sprang up,
Metre
στῆμενἐνὶπροθύροισι‖ταφὼνἀνόρουσενἈχιλλεύς
στῆμενstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionπροθύροισιporchπρόθυρον · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἐνὶταφὼνstartledτέθηπα · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀνόρουσενδandδέ · particlesentence particleἀνόρουσενsprang upἀνορούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈχιλλεύςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τ̓ - 778
and took him by the hand, led him in, and bade him sit down.
ἐςinsideεἰς · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄγεledἄγω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχειρὸςby the handχείρ · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἑλώνἑλώνtakingαἱρέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἄγεκατὰthenκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlesentence particleἑδριάασθαιto sit downἑδριάω · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἄνωγεἄνωγεbadeἄνωγα · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 779
He set guest-fare well before us, as is right for guests.
Metre
ξείνιάεὖπαρέθηκεν‖ἅτεξείνοιςθέμιςἐστίν
ξείνιάguest-fareξένιος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of παρέθηκεντandτε · particlecoordinating wordεὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to παρέθηκενπαρέθηκενhe set beforeπαρατίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἅasὅς · accusative plural neuter pronounobjectτεnormallyτε · particlesentence particleξείνοιςfor guestsξένος · dative plural masculine nounobjectθέμιςrightθέμις · nominative singular feminine nounpredicate nounἐστίνisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ξείνιά - 780
But when we had taken our fill of food and drink,
Metre
αὐτὰρἐπεὶτάρπημεν‖ἐδητύοςἠδὲποτῆτος
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτάρπημενwe had our fillτέρπω · aorist passive indicative, 1st plural verbadverbial to ἐπεὶἐδητύοςfoodἐδητύς · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἠδὲἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordποτῆτοςdrinkποτής · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἠδὲ - 781
I opened the speech, urging you both to follow us;
Metre
ἦρχονἐγὼμύθοιο‖κελεύωνὔμμἅμἕπεσθαι
ἦρχονI openedἄρχω · imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἦρχονμύθοιοof speechμῦθος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἦρχονκελεύωνurgingκελεύω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἦρχονὔμμyou bothσύ · dative plural pronounobject of κελεύωνἅμtogetherἅμα · adverbadverbial to ἕπεσθαιἕπεσθαιfollowἕπομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of κελεύων - 782
and you two were very willing, while both fathers gave many charges.
Metre
σφὼδὲμάλἠθέλετον‖τὼἄμφωπόλλἐπέτελλον
σφὼyou twoσφεῖς · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of ἠθέλετονδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleμάλveryμάλα · adverbadverbial to ἠθέλετονἠθέλετονwere willingἐθέλω · imperfect active indicative, 2nd dual verbmain verbτὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of ἐπέτελλονδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄμφωbothἄμφω · nominative dual masculine adjectivemodifies τὼπόλλmanyπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἐπέτελλονἐπέτελλονgave chargeἐπιτέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 783
Old Peleus charged his own son Achilles
ΠηλεὺςPeleusΠηλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐπέτελλ̓μὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleᾧhisἑός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies παιδὶπαιδὶchildπαῖς · dative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀχιλῆϊγέρωνold manγέρων · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Πηλεὺςἐπέτελλchargedἐπιτέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈχιλῆϊAchillesἈχιλλεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπέτελλ̓ - 784
always to be best and rise above all others,
Metre
αἰὲνἀριστεύειν‖καὶὑπείροχονἔμμεναιἄλλων
αἰὲνalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἀριστεύεινἀριστεύεινbe preeminentἀριστεύω · present active infinitiveobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὑπείροχονabove allὑπέροχος · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἔμμεναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of καὶἄλλωνothersἄλλος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ὑπείροχον - 785
but Menoetius, son of Actor, charged you in turn like this:
Metre
σοὶαὖθὧδἐπέτελλε‖ΜενοίτιοςἌκτοροςυἱός
σοὶto youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of ἐπέτελλεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖθagainαὖτε · adverbsentence particleὧδsoὧδε · adverbadverbial to ἐπέτελλεἐπέτελλεgave chargeἐπιτέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΜενοίτιοςMenoetiusΜενοίτιος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἌκτοροςof ActorἌκτωρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱόςυἱόςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 786
"My child, Achilles is higher than you in birth,
Metre
τέκνονἐμὸνγενεῇ‖μὲνὑπέρτερόςἐστινἈχιλλεύς
τέκνονchildτέκνον · vocative singular neuter noungoverned by an elided headἐμὸνmyἐμός · vocative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τέκνονγενεῇby birthγενεά · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ὑπέρτερόςμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleὑπέρτερόςsuperiorὑπέρτερος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐστινisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈχιλλεύςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐστιν - 787
but you are older; in strength he is far better.
Metre
πρεσβύτεροςδὲσύἐσσι‖βίῃὅγεπολλὸνἀμείνων
πρεσβύτεροςolderπρέσβυς · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσύyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of ἐσσιἐσσιyou areεἰμί · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbβίῃin strengthβία · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀμείνωνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleπολλὸνfarπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveemphasizing particleἀμείνωνbetterἀμείνων · nominative singular masculine comparative adjectivepredicate noun - 788
But speak a shrewd word to him, counsel him well,
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleεὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to φάσθαιοἱto himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of φάσθαιφάσθαιto speakφημί · present medio-passive infinitivemain verbπυκινὸνshrewdπυκνός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔποςἔποςwordἔπος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of φάσθαιἠδandἠδέ · conjunctionsentence particleὑποθέσθαιoffer counselὑποτίθημι · aorist medio-passive infinitivemain verb - 789
and show him the way; he will obey you, to his own good."
Metre
καίοἱσημαίνειν‖ὃδὲπείσεταιεἰςἀγαθόνπερ
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of σημαίνεινσημαίνεινshow the wayσημαίνω · present active infinitivemain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of πείσεταιδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπείσεταιwill obeyπείθω · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbεἰςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἀγαθόνgoodἀγαθός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to εἰςπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particle - 790
So the old man charged you, but you forget. Yet even now
Metre
ὣςἐπέτελλὃγέρων‖σὺδὲλήθεαιἀλλἔτικαὶνῦν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐπέτελλ̓ἐπέτελλchargedἐπιτέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies γέρωνγέρωνold manγέρων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐπέτελλ̓σὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of λήθεαιδὲbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordλήθεαιforgetλανθάνω · present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἔτιstillἔτι · adverbsentence particleκαὶandκαί · adverbemphasizing particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to εἴποις - 791
you might tell these things to Achilles, skilled in war, in case he listens.
Metre
ταῦτεἴποιςἈχιλῆϊ‖δαΐφρονιαἴκεπίθηται
ταῦτthese thingsοὗτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of εἴποιςεἴποιςmight tellεἶπον · aorist active optative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἈχιλῆϊAchillesἈχιλλεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of εἴποιςδαΐφρονιwarlikeδαίφρων · dative singular adjectivemodifies Ἀχιλῆϊαἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleπίθηταιhe listensπείθω · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to αἴ - 792
Who knows whether, with a god's aid, you might stir his spirit
τίςwhoτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of οἶδ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἶδknowsοἶδα · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbεἴwhetherεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκένmightἄν · particlesentence particleοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies θυμὸνσὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionδαίμονιa godδαίμων · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to σὺνθυμὸνheartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὀρίναιςὀρίναιςyou might stirὀρίνω · aorist active optative, 2nd singular verbobject of εἴ - 793
by persuasion? A companion's urging is a good thing.
Metre
παρειπώνἀγαθὴ‖δὲπαραίφασίςἐστινἑταίρου
παρειπώνurgingπαρεῖπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὀρίναιςἀγαθὴgoodἀγαθός · nominative singular feminine adjectivepredicate nounδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπαραίφασίςurgingπαραίφασις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐστινἐστινisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἑταίρουcomradeἑταῖρος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies παραίφασίς - 794
But if in his heart he is avoiding some prophecy,
Metre
εἰδέτιναφρεσὶνᾗσι‖θεοπροπίηνἀλεείνει
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδέandδέ · particlesentence particleτιναsomeτις · accusative singular feminine pronounmodifies θεοπροπίηνφρεσὶνin his heartφρήν · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἀλεείνειᾗσιhisἑός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies φρεσὶνθεοπροπίηνprophecyθεοπροπία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀλεείνειἀλεείνειavoidingἀλεείνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καί - 795
and his queenly mother has revealed something to him from Zeus,
Metre
καίτινάοἱπὰρΖηνὸς‖ἐπέφραδεπότνιαμήτηρ
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordτινάsomethingτις · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of ἐπέφραδεοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπέφραδεπὰρfromπαρά · prepositionprepositionΖηνὸςZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πὰρἐπέφραδεrevealedφράζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καίπότνιαqueenlyπότνια · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μήτηρμήτηρmotherμήτηρ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐπέφραδε - 796
then let him send at least you, and let the rest of the host
Metre
ἀλλὰσέπερπροέτω‖ἅμαἄλλοςλαὸςἑπέσθω
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleσέyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of προέτωπερat leastπέρ · particleemphasizing particleπροέτωlet him sendπροίημι · aorist active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἅμαwith youἅμα · adverbadverbial to ἑπέσθωδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄλλοςthe restἄλλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies λαὸςλαὸςhostλαός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἑπέσθωἑπέσθωlet followἕπομαι · present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 797
of Myrmidons follow with you, so you may become a light for the Danaans.
Metre
Μυρμιδόνωναἴκέν‖τιφόωςΔαναοῖσιγένηαι
Μυρμιδόνωνof the MyrmidonsΜυρμιδόνες · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies λαὸςαἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκένmayἄν · particlesentence particleτιat allτις · nominative singular neuter pronounmodifies φόωςφόωςlightφόως · nominative singular neuter nounpredicate nounΔαναοῖσιfor the DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject of γένηαιγένηαιyou becomeγίγνομαι · aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to αἴ - 798
And let him give you his fine armor to carry into battle,
Metre
καίτοιτεύχεακαλὰ‖δότωπόλεμονδὲφέρεσθαι
καίandκαί · adverbsentence particleτοιto youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of δότωτεύχεαarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of δότωκαλὰfineκαλός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχεαδότωlet ... giveδίδωμι · aorist active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπόλεμονbattleπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of φέρεσθαιδὲtowardδέ · particleemphasizing particleφέρεσθαιto carryφέρω · present medio-passive infinitiveadverbial to δότω - 799
so the Trojans, taking you for him, may hold back from war,
Metre
αἴκέσετῷεἴσκοντες‖ἀπόσχωνταιπολέμοιο
αἴso thatεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκέmayἄν · particlesentence particleσεyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of εἴσκοντεςτῷhimὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of εἴσκοντεςεἴσκοντεςtaking for himἐίσκω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἀπόσχωνταιἀπόσχωνταιhold backἀπέχω · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to δ̓πολέμοιοfrom battleπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀπόσχωνται - 800
and the warlike sons of the Achaeans may breathe again
Metre
Τρῶεςἀναπνεύσωσι‖ἀρήϊοιυἷεςἈχαιῶν
ΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἀπόσχωνταιἀναπνεύσωσιmay breathe againἀναπνέω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to δ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀρήϊοιwarlikeἄρειος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies υἷεςυἷεςsonsυἱός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἀναπνεύσωσιἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies υἷες - 801
in their exhaustion; brief indeed is any breathing-space in war.
Metre
τειρόμενοιὀλίγη‖δέἀνάπνευσιςπολέμοιο
τειρόμενοιexhaustedτείρω · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἀναπνεύσωσιὀλίγηbriefὀλίγος · nominative singular feminine adjectivepredicate nounδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτandτε · particlesentence particleἀνάπνευσιςbreathing-spaceἀνάπνευσις · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectπολέμοιοof battleπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἀνάπνευσις - 802
Then easily, fresh as you are, with the battle-cry you could drive tired men
Metre
ῥεῖαδέἀκμῆτες‖κεκμηόταςἄνδραςἀϋτῇ
ῥεῖαeasilyῥεῖα · adverbadverbial to ὤσαισθεδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκcouldἄν · particlesentence particleἀκμῆτεςfreshἀκμής · nominative plural masculine nouncircumstantial complementκεκμηόταςtiredκάμνω · perfect active participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complementἄνδραςmenἀνήρ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ὤσαισθεἀϋτῇwith battle-cryἀυτή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ὤσαισθε - 803
back toward the city, away from the ships and huts."
Metre
ὤσαισθεπροτὶἄστυ‖νεῶνἄποκαὶκλισιάων
ὤσαισθεyou could driveὠθέω · aorist middle optative, 2nd plural verbmain verbπροτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionἄστυcityἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of προτὶνεῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of καὶἄποfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκλισιάωνhutsκλισία · genitive plural feminine nounobject of καὶ - 804
So he spoke, and stirred the spirit within his breast;
Metre
ὣςφάτοτῷἄραθυμὸν‖ἐνὶστήθεσσινὄρινε
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάτοφάτοhe spokeφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτῷhisὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ὄρινεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleθυμὸνheartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὄρινεἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσινhis breastστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounmodifies ἐνὶὄρινεstirredὀρίνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 805
and he set out running beside the ships toward Achilles, son of Aeacus.
Metre
βῆδὲθέεινπαρὰνῆας‖ἐπΑἰακίδηνἈχιλῆα
βῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordθέεινrunningθέω · present active infinitiveobject of βῆπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of παρὰἐπtowardἐπί · prepositionprepositionΑἰακίδηνson of AeacusΑἰακίδης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈχιλῆαἈχιλῆαAchillesἈχιλλεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπ̓ - 806
But when, beside the ships of godlike Odysseus,
Metre
ἀλλὅτεδὴκατὰνῆας‖Ὀδυσσῆοςθείοιο
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleκατὰbesideκατά · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of κατὰὈδυσσῆοςof OdysseusὈδυσσεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies νῆαςθείοιοgodlikeθεῖος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ὀδυσσῆος - 807
Patroclus reached at a run the place where they held assembly and judgment,
Metre
ἷξεθέωνΠάτροκλος‖ἵνάἀγορήτεθέμιςτε
ἷξεreachedἵκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτεθέωνrunningθέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἷξεΠάτροκλοςPatroclusΠάτροκλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἷξεἵνάwhereἵνα · adverbadverbial to ἤηνσφfor themσφ · dative plural masculine pronounmodifies τεἀγορήassembly-groundἀγορά · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlesentence particleθέμιςjudgmentθέμις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 808
and there too altars to the gods had been built for them,
Metre
ἤηντῇδὴκαί‖σφιθεῶνἐτετεύχατοβωμοί
ἤηνwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ,τῇthereτῇ · adverbadverbial to ἐτετεύχατοδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleκαίandκαί · adverbemphasizing particleσφιfor themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounmodifies βωμοίθεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies βωμοίἐτετεύχατοhad been builtτυγχάνω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ,βωμοίaltarsβωμός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἐτετεύχατο - 809
there wounded Eurypylus met him,
Metre
ἔνθάοἱΕὐρύπυλος‖βεβλημένοςἀντεβόλησε
ἔνθάthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἀντεβόλησεοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀντεβόλησεΕὐρύπυλοςEurypylusΕὐρύπυλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectβεβλημένοςwoundedβάλλω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀντεβόλησεἀντεβόλησεmetἀντιβολέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 810
the Zeus-sprung son of Euaemon, struck in the thigh by an arrow,
Metre
διογενὴςΕὐαιμονίδης‖κατὰμηρὸνὀϊστῷ
διογενὴςZeus-sprungδιογενής · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΕὐαιμονίδηςΕὐαιμονίδηςson of EuaemonΕὐαιμονίδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionμηρὸνthighμηρός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κατὰὀϊστῷby an arrowὀιστός · dative singular masculine nounobject of βεβλημένος - 811
limping from the battle; drenching sweat ran down
σκάζωνlimpingσκάζω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀντεβόλησεἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπολέμουwarπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκκατὰdownκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleνότιοςdrenchingνότιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἱδρὼςῥέενflowedῥέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἱδρὼςsweatἱδρώς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ῥέεν - 812
from his shoulders and head, and from the grievous wound
Metre
ὤμωνκαὶκεφαλῆς‖ἀπὸἕλκεοςἀργαλέοιο
ὤμωνshouldersὦμος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκεφαλῆςheadκεφαλή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of καὶἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἕλκεοςwoundἕλκος · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἀπὸἀργαλέοιοgrievousἀργαλέος · genitive singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἕλκεος - 813
black blood gurgled; but his mind stood firm.
Metre
αἷμαμέλανκελάρυζε‖νόοςγεμὲνἔμπεδοςἦεν
αἷμαbloodαἷμα · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of κελάρυζεμέλανblackμέλας · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies αἷμακελάρυζεgurgledκελαρύζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνόοςmindνόος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἦενγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἔμπεδοςsteadfastἔμπεδος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἦενwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 814
Seeing him, the valiant son of Menoetius pitied him,
Metre
τὸνδὲἰδὼνᾤκτειρε‖Μενοιτίουἄλκιμοςυἱός
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ᾤκτειρεδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleἰδὼνseeingεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ᾤκτειρεᾤκτειρεpitiedοἰκτείρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΜενοιτίουof MenoetiusΜενοίτιος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱόςἄλκιμοςvaliantἄλκιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱόςυἱόςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καί - 815
and lamenting, he addressed him with winged words:
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordῥthenἆρα · particlesentence particleὀλοφυρόμενοςlamentingὀλοφύρομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσηύδαἔπεαwordsἔπος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of προσηύδαπτερόενταwingedπτερόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔπεαπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 816
"Ah, wretched leaders and rulers of the Danaans,
Metre
ἆδειλοὶΔαναῶν‖ἡγήτορεςἠδὲμέδοντες
ἆahἆ · interjectionemphasizing particleδειλοὶwretchedδειλός · vocative plural masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headΔαναῶνof the DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἠδὲἡγήτορεςleadersἡγήτωρ · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordμέδοντεςrulersμέδων · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided head - 817
so you were doomed, far from friends and native land,
Metre
ὣςἄρἐμέλλετετῆλε‖φίλωνκαὶπατρίδοςαἴης
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐμέλλετεἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἐμέλλετεyou were doomedμέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 2nd plural verbmain verbτῆλεfar offτῆλε · prepositionprepositionφίλωνfriendsφίλος · genitive plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπατρίδοςnativeπατρίς · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies αἴηςαἴηςlandαἶα · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to καὶ - 818
in Troy to sate swift dogs with your white fat.
Metre
ἄσεινἐνΤροίῃ‖ταχέαςκύναςἀργέτιδημῷ
ἄσεινto sateἄω · future active infinitiveobject of ἐμέλλετεἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionΤροίῃTroyΤροία · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνταχέαςswiftταχύς · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies κύναςκύναςthe dogsκύων · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἄσεινἀργέτιwhiteἀργής · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δημῷδημῷfatδημός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἄσειν - 819
But come, tell me this, Zeus-nurtured hero Eurypylus:
Metre
ἀλλἄγεμοιτόδεεἰπὲ‖διοτρεφὲςΕὐρύπυλἥρως
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἄγεcomeἄγε · adverbsentence particleμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of εἰπὲτόδεthisὅδε · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of ,εἰπὲspeak outεἶπον · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbδιοτρεφὲςZeus-nurturedδιοτρεφής · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Εὐρύπυλ̓ΕὐρύπυλEurypylusΕὐρύπυλος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἥρωςthe heroἥρως · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies Εὐρύπυλ̓ - 820
will the Achaeans still somehow hold back huge Hector,
Metre
ἤἔτιπουσχήσουσι‖πελώριονἝκτορἈχαιοί
ἤwhetherἤ · conjunctionsentence particleῥthenἆρα · particlesentence particleἔτιstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to σχήσουσιπουperhapsπού · adverbsentence particleσχήσουσιwill hold backἔχω · future active indicative, 3rd plural verbobject of ἦπελώριονhugeπελώριος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτοῤἝκτορHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of σχήσουσιἈχαιοίAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of σχήσουσι - 821
or will they now perish, broken beneath his spear?"
Metre
ἦἤδηφθίσονται‖ὑπαὐτοῦδουρὶδαμέντες
ἦorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἤδηalreadyἤδη · adverbadverbial to φθίσονταιφθίσονταιwill perishφθίω · future middle indicative, 3rd plural verbobject of ἦὑπbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionαὐτοῦhisαὐτός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies δουρὶδουρὶspearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounobject of ὑπ̓δαμέντεςbrokenδαμάζω · aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to φθίσονται - 822
Then wounded Eurypylus answered him in turn:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ηὔδαδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτin turnαὖτε · adverbsentence particleΕὐρύπυλοςEurypylusΕὐρύπυλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ηὔδαβεβλημένοςwoundedβάλλω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ηὔδαἀντίονin replyἀντίον · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to ηὔδαηὔδαspokeαὐδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 823
"No longer, Patroclus, sprung from Zeus, will the Achaeans have any defense,
Metre
οὐκέτιδιογενὲς‖ΠατρόκλεεςἄλκαρἈχαιῶν
οὐκέτιno longerοὐκέτι · adverbadverbial to ἔσσεταιδιογενὲςsprung from Zeusδιογενής · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΠατρόκλεεςΠατρόκλεεςPatroclusΠάτροκλος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἄλκαρdefenseἄλκαρ · nominative neuter nounsubject of ἔσσεταιἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἄλκαρ - 824
but they will fall among the black ships.
Metre
ἔσσεταιἀλλἐννηυσὶ‖μελαίνῃσινπεσέονται
ἔσσεταιwill beεἰμί · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνμελαίνῃσινblackμέλας · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶπεσέονταιwill fallπίπτω · future middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 825
For all those who before were best
Metre
οἳμὲνγὰρδὴπάντες‖ὅσοιπάροςἦσανἄριστοι
οἳtheyὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of κέαταιμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleπάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies οἳὅσοιwhoὅσος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἦσανπάροςbeforeπάρος · adverbadverbial to ἦσανἦσανwereεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing οἳἄριστοιbestἄριστος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 826
lie in the ships, struck and wounded.
Metre
ἐννηυσὶνκέαται‖βεβλημένοιοὐτάμενοίτε
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶνthe shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνκέαταιlieκεῖμαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbβεβλημένοιstruckβάλλω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculinecircumstantial complementοὐτάμενοίstabbedοὐτάω · aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculinecircumstantial complementτεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 827
at the hands of Trojans; and their strength rises ever higher.
χερσὶνhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of ὕποὕποbyὑπό · prepositionprepositionΤρώωνTrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies χερσὶντῶνtheirὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies σθένοςδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσθένοςstrengthσθένος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ὄρνυταιὄρνυταιrisesὄρνυμι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαἰένalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ὄρνυται - 828
But save me, and lead me to a black ship,
Metre
ἀλλἐμὲμὲνσὺσάωσον‖ἄγωνἐπὶνῆαμέλαιναν
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἐμὲmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of σάωσονμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of σάωσονσάωσονsaveσώζω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἄγωνleadingἄγω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to σάωσονἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionνῆαa shipναῦς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπὶμέλαινανblackμέλας · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νῆα - 829
cut the arrow from my thigh, and from the wound the dark blood
Metre
μηροῦἔκταμὀϊστόν‖ἀπαὐτοῦαἷμακελαινὸν
μηροῦthighμηρός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἔκταμ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἔκταμcut outἐκτέμνω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbὀϊστόνarrowὀιστός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔκταμ̓ἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionαὐτοῦthereαὐτός · genitive singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἀπ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleαἷμαbloodαἷμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of νίζ̓κελαινὸνdarkκελαινός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies αἷμα - 830
wash with warm water; then sprinkle soothing medicines upon it,
Metre
νίζὕδατιλιαρῷ‖ἐπὶἤπιαφάρμακαπάσσε
νίζwashνίζω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbὕδατιwaterὕδωρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to νίζ̓λιαρῷwarmλιαρός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ὕδατιἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἤπιαgentleἤπιος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies φάρμακαφάρμακαdrugsφάρμακον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of πάσσεπάσσεsprinkleπάσσω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 831
good ones, which they say you learned from Achilles,
Metre
ἐσθλάτάσεπροτίφασιν‖Ἀχιλλῆοςδεδιδάχθαι
ἐσθλάgoodἐσθλός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ,τάwhichὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of δεδιδάχθαισεyouσύ · accusative singular pronounsubject of δεδιδάχθαιπροτίfromπρός · prepositionprepositionφασινthey sayφημί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ,ἈχιλλῆοςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of προτίδεδιδάχθαιto have been taughtδιδάσκω · perfect medio-passive infinitiveobject of φασιν - 832
whom Chiron taught, most righteous of the Centaurs.
Metre
ὃνΧείρωνἐδίδαξε‖δικαιότατοςΚενταύρων
ὃνwhomὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐδίδαξεΧείρωνChironΧείρων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐδίδαξεἐδίδαξεtaughtδιδάσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἀχιλλῆοςδικαιότατοςmost righteousδίκαιος · nominative singular masculine superlative adjectivemodifies ΧείρωνΚενταύρωνof the CentaursΚένταυρος · genitive plural masculine nounadverbial to δικαιότατος - 833
For the healers Podalirius and Machaon—
Metre
ἰητροὶμὲνγὰρ‖ΠοδαλείριοςἠδὲΜαχάων
ἰητροὶhealersἰατρός · nominative plural masculine nounadverbialμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleΠοδαλείριοςPodaliriusΠοδαλείριος · nominative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἠδὲἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordΜαχάωνMachaonΜαχάων · nominative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἠδὲ - 834
one, I think, lies wounded in the huts,
Metre
τὸνμὲνἐνὶκλισίῃσιν‖ὀΐομαιἕλκοςἔχοντα
τὸνoneὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of κεῖσθαιμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionκλισίῃσινhutsκλισία · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνὶὀΐομαιI thinkοἴομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἕλκοςa woundἕλκος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔχονταἔχονταhavingἔχω · present active participle, accusative singular masculineadverbial - 835
himself in need of a blameless healer,
Metre
χρηΐζοντακαὶαὐτὸν‖ἀμύμονοςἰητῆρος
χρηΐζονταneedingχρῄζω · present active participle, accusative singular masculineadverbialκαὶandκαί · adverbemphasizing particleαὐτὸνhimselfαὐτός · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀμύμονοςblamelessἀμύμων · genitive singular adjectivemodifies ἰητῆροςἰητῆροςhealerἰατήρ · genitive singular masculine nounobject of χρηΐζοντα - 836
while the other on the plain withstands the Trojans' sharp war."
Metre
κεῖσθαιὃἐνπεδίῳ‖ΤρώωνμένειὀξὺνἌρηα
κεῖσθαιliesκεῖμαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ὀΐομαιὃthe otherὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of μένειδwhileδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionπεδίῳplainπεδίον · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐνΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies Ἄρηαμένειwithstandsμένω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὀξὺνsharpὀξύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἌρηαἌρηαwarἌρης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of μένει - 837
Then the valiant son of Menoetius addressed him in turn:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέειπεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτεin turnαὖτε · adverbsentence particleπροσέειπεaddressedπροσεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΜενοιτίουof MenoetiusΜενοίτιος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱόςἄλκιμοςstoutἄλκιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱόςυἱόςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέειπε - 838
"How then shall this be? What shall we do, hero Eurypylus?
Metre
πῶςτὰρἔοιτάδεἔργα‖τίῥέξομενΕὐρύπυλἥρως
πῶςhowπῶς · adverbadverbial to ἔοιτὰρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔοιmight beεἰμί · present active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτάδεtheseὅδε · accusative plural neuter pronounmodifies ἔργαἔργαdeedsἔργον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔοιτίwhatτις · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of ῥέξομενῥέξομενshall we doῥέζω · future active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbΕὐρύπυλEurypylusΕὐρύπυλος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἥρωςthe heroἥρως · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies Εὐρύπυλ̓ - 839
I am going to tell Achilles, skilled in war, the message
Metre
ἔρχομαιὄφρἈχιλῆϊ‖δαΐφρονιμῦθονἐνίσπω
ἔρχομαιI am goingἔρχομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbὄφρtoὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἈχιλῆϊAchillesἈχιλλεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐνίσπωδαΐφρονιwarlikeδαίφρων · dative singular adjectivemodifies Ἀχιλῆϊμῦθονwordμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐνίσπωἐνίσπωto tellἐνέπω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to ὄφῤ - 840
that Nestor charged me with, the Gerenian guard of the Achaeans;
Metre
ὃνΝέστωρἐπέτελλε‖ΓερήνιοςοὖροςἈχαιῶν
ὃνwhichὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπέτελλεΝέστωρNestorΝέστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἐπέτελλεgave chargeἐπιτέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing μῦθονΓερήνιοςGerenianΓερήνιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Νέστωροὖροςguardοὖρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies οὖρος - 841
yet not even so will I abandon you in your suffering."
Metre
ἀλλοὐδὧςπερσεῖο‖μεθήσωτειρομένοιο
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὧςeven soὡς · adverbadverbial to μεθήσωπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleσεῖοyouσύ · genitive singular pronounobject of μεθήσωμεθήσωwill abandonμεθίημι · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbτειρομένοιοsufferingτείρω · present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 842
He spoke, and grasping the shepherd of the people beneath the chest, led him
Metre
ἦκαὶὑπὸστέρνοιο‖λαβὼνἄγεποιμέναλαῶν
ἦhe spokeἠμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionστέρνοιοhis chestστέρνον · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ὑπὸλαβὼνgraspingλαμβάνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἄγεἄγεledἄγω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbποιμέναshepherdποιμήν · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἄγελαῶνof the peopleλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ποιμένα - 843
into the hut; an attendant saw and spread oxhides beneath him.
Metre
ἐςκλισίηνθεράπων‖δὲἰδὼνὑπέχευεβοείας
ἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionκλισίηνhutκλισία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐςθεράπωνattendantθεράπων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὑπέχευεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἰδὼνseeingεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὑπέχευεὑπέχευεspread beneathὑποχέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβοείαςoxhidesβοείη · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ὑπέχευε - 844
There he stretched him out and cut from his thigh with a knife
Metre
ἔνθάμινἐκτανύσας‖ἐκμηροῦτάμνεμαχαίρῃ
ἔνθάthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to δὲμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐκτανύσαςἐκτανύσαςhaving stretched outἐκτανύω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to τάμνεἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionμηροῦthighμηρός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκτάμνεcutτέμνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμαχαίρῃwith a knifeμάχαιρα · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to τάμνε - 845
the sharp, piercing arrow; from the wound the dark blood
Metre
ὀξὺβέλοςπεριπευκές‖ἀπαὐτοῦαἷμακελαινὸν
ὀξὺsharpὀξύς · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies βέλοςβέλοςshaftβέλος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of τάμνεπεριπευκέςpiercingπεριπευκής · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies βέλοςἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionαὐτοῦthereαὐτός · genitive singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἀπ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleαἷμαbloodαἷμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of νίζ̓κελαινὸνdarkκελαινός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies αἷμα - 846
he washed with warm water, then laid a bitter root upon it,
νίζhe washedνίζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὕδατιwaterὕδωρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to νίζ̓λιαρῷwarmλιαρός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ὕδατιἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordῥίζανa rootῥίζα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of βάλεβάλεlaidβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπικρὴνbitterπικρός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ῥίζαν - 847
crushed in his hands, pain-killing, which checked all
Metre
χερσὶδιατρίψας‖ὀδυνήφατονἥοἱἁπάσας
χερσὶin his handsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to διατρίψαςδιατρίψαςhaving crushedδιατρίβω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βάλεὀδυνήφατονpain-killingὀδυνήφατος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ,ἥwhichὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἔσχ̓οἱfor himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies ὀδύναςἁπάσαςallἅπας · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ὀδύνας - 848
his pains; the wound dried, and the blood ceased.
Metre
ἔσχὀδύναςτὸμὲνἕλκος‖ἐτέρσετοπαύσατοαἷμα
ἔσχcheckedἔχω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ,ὀδύναςpainsὀδύνη · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἔσχ̓τὸtheὁ · nominative singular neuter articlemodifies ἕλκοςμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἕλκοςwoundἕλκος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἐτέρσετοἐτέρσετοdriedτέρσομαι · imperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπαύσατοceasedπαύω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαἷμαbloodαἷμα · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of παύσατο
The particulars
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- Ἰλιάς, Homer. The Patrocleia.
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