Ancient Greek · The Patrocleia
Ἰλιάδος Μ
Book 12. The Wall Breached
The Trojans storm the Greek wall. Sarpedon tears down a section, and Hector breaks the gate with a stone.
Tap a line to open its words. The mark beside it plays it.
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So within the shelters the valiant son of Menoetius
Metre
ὣςὃμὲνἐνκλισίῃσι‖Μενοιτίουἄλκιμοςυἱὸς
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἰᾶτ̓ὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlesubjectμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionκλισίῃσιsheltersκλισία · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐνΜενοιτίουof MenoetiusΜενοίτιος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸςἄλκιμοςvaliantἄλκιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱὸςυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 2
was healing wounded Eurypylus; but they fought on,
Metre
ἰᾶτΕὐρύπυλον‖βεβλημένονοἳδὲμάχοντο
ἰᾶτwas healingἰάομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΕὐρύπυλονEurypylusΕὐρύπυλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἰᾶτ̓βεβλημένονwoundedβάλλω · perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementthe perfect participle marks Eurypylus as still suffering the result of the blow
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubjectδὲbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordμάχοντοwere fightingμάχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 3
Argives and Trojans in a mass; nor was the trench
Metre
ἈργεῖοικαὶΤρῶες‖ὁμιλαδόνοὐδἄρἔμελλε
ἈργεῖοιArgivesἈργεῖος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶὁμιλαδόνin a massὁμιλαδόν · adverbadverbial to μάχοντοἄρindeedἄρα · particlesentence particleἔμελλεwas destinedμέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 4
of the Danaans to hold them longer, nor the wall above it,
Metre
τάφροςἔτισχήσειν‖Δαναῶνκαὶτεῖχοςὕπερθεν
τάφροςtrenchτάφρος · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶἔτιlongerἔτι · adverbadverbial to σχήσεινσχήσεινto holdἔχω · future active infinitiveobject of ἔμελλεΔαναῶνof the DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καὶκαὶnorκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordτεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of καὶὕπερθενabove itὕπερθεν · adverbemphasizing particle - 5
the wide wall they had built to guard the ships, and around it dug
Metre
εὐρύτὸποιήσαντο‖νεῶνὕπερἀμφὶδὲτάφρον
εὐρύbroadεὐρύς · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τεῖχοςτὸwhichὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of ποιήσαντοποιήσαντοthey had builtποιέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing δὲνεῶνthe shipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to ὕπερὕπερto guardὑπέρ · prepositionprepositionἀμφὶaround itἀμφί · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτάφρονtrenchτάφρος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἤλασαν - 6
a trench; but they gave no glorious hecatombs to the gods,
Metre
ἤλασανοὐδὲθεοῖσι‖δόσανκλειτὰςἑκατόμβας
ἤλασανthey dugἐλαύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing δὲθεοῖσιto the godsθεός · dative plural masculine nounobject of δόσανδόσανgaveδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbgoverned by an elided headκλειτὰςgloriousκλειτός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἑκατόμβαςἑκατόμβαςhecatombsἑκατόμβη · accusative plural feminine nounobject of δόσαν - 7
so that within it their swift ships and all their rich spoil
Metre
ὄφράσφιννῆάς‖τεθοὰςκαὶληΐδαπολλὴν
ὄφράso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionσφινfor themselvesσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounmodifies καὶνῆάςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleθοὰςswiftθοός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆάςκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordληΐδαspoilληίς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶπολλὴνabundantπολύς · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ληΐδα - 8
might lie protected. It had been built against the will of the immortal
Metre
ἐντὸςἔχονῥύοιτο‖θεῶνἀέκητιτέτυκτο
ἐντὸςwithinἐντός · adverbobject of ἔχονἔχονkeepingἔχω · present active participle, nominative singular neuteradverbial to ῥύοιτοῥύοιτοmight be protectedῥύομαι · present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὄφράθεῶνof the godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἀέκητιδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀέκητιagainst their willἀέκητι · adverbadverbial to τέτυκτοτέτυκτοhad been builtτεύχω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbthe pluperfect passive presents the wall as standing completed against the gods’ will
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gods; and so it did not stand firm for long.
Metre
ἀθανάτωντὸκαὶοὔ‖τιπολὺνχρόνονἔμπεδονἦεν
ἀθανάτωνimmortalἀθάνατος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεῶντὸitὁ · nominative singular neuter pronounsubject of ἦενκαὶthereforeκαί · conjunctionsentence particleοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to ἦενπολὺνlongπολύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χρόνονχρόνονtimeχρόνος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἦενἔμπεδονfirmἔμπεδος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἦενwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 10
As long as Hector lived and Achilles nursed his wrath,
Metre
ὄφραμὲνἝκτωρζωὸς‖ἔηνκαὶμήνιἈχιλλεὺς
ὄφραas long asὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔηνζωὸςaliveζωός · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἔηνwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleμήνιnursed his wrathμηνίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶthe verb derives from the same divine wrath announced at the Iliad’s opening
ἈχιλλεὺςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of μήνἰ - 11
and the city of lord Priam remained unsacked,
Metre
καὶΠριάμοιοἄνακτος‖ἀπόρθητοςπόλιςἔπλεν
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΠριάμοιοof PriamΠρίαμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πόλιςἄνακτοςlordἄναξ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Πριάμοιοἀπόρθητοςunsackedἀπόρθητος · nominative singular feminine adjectivepredicate nounπόλιςcityπόλις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔπλενἔπλενremainedπέλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶ - 12
so long the great wall of the Achaeans also stood firm.
Metre
τόφραδὲκαὶμέγατεῖχος‖Ἀχαιῶνἔμπεδονἦεν
τόφραso longτόφρα · adverbadverbial to ἦενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαὶalsoκαί · adverbsentence particleμέγαgreatμέγας · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τεῖχοςτεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἦενἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τεῖχοςἔμπεδονfirmἔμπεδος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἦενstoodεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 13
But when all the best of the Trojans had died,
Metre
αὐτὰρἐπεὶκατὰμὲν‖Τρώωνθάνονὅσσοιἄριστοι
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκατὰutterlyκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies ἄριστοιθάνονhad diedθνήσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to δ̓ὅσσοιall who wereὅσος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubjectἄριστοιbestἄριστος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 14
and many Argives too, some slain and some left alive,
Metre
πολλοὶἈργείων‖οἳμὲνδάμενοἳδὲλίποντο
πολλοὶmanyπολύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of δὲδandδέ · particlesentence particleἈργείωνof the ArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies πολλοὶοἳsomeὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of δάμενμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleδάμενwere slainδαμάζω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to δὲοἳothersὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of λίποντοδὲbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordλίποντοwere left aliveλείπω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to δὲ - 15
and the city of Priam was sacked in the tenth year,
Metre
πέρθετοδὲΠριάμοιο‖πόλιςδεκάτῳἐνιαυτῷ
πέρθετοwas sackedπέρθω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓δὲandδέ · particlesentence particleΠριάμοιοof PriamΠρίαμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πόλιςπόλιςcityπόλις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of πέρθετοδεκάτῳtenthδέκατος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἐνιαυτῷἐνιαυτῷyearἐνιαυτός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to πέρθετο - 16
and the Argives sailed in their ships to their dear native land,
ἈργεῖοιArgivesἈργεῖος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἔβησανδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶtheir shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐνφίληνdearφίλος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies πατρίδ̓ἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionπατρίδnative landπατρίς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐςἔβησανsailedβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to δ̓ - 17
then at last Poseidon and Apollo took counsel
Metre
δὴτότεμητιόωντο‖ΠοσειδάωνκαὶἈπόλλων
δὴat lastδή · particlesentence particleτότεthenτότε · adverbadverbial to μητιόωντομητιόωντοtook counselμητιάω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbthe imperfect middle portrays the two gods forming their plan together
ΠοσειδάωνPoseidonΠοσειδεών · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 18
to obliterate the wall by bringing against it the might of rivers,
Metre
τεῖχοςἀμαλδῦναι‖ποταμῶνμένοςεἰσαγαγόντες
τεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀμαλδῦναιἀμαλδῦναιto obliterateἀμαλδύνω · aorist active infinitiveobject of μητιόωντοποταμῶνof riversποταμός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies μένοςμένοςmightμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of εἰσαγαγόντεςεἰσαγαγόντεςbringing against itεἰσάγω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to μητιόωντο - 19
all that flow from the mountains of Ida down to the sea:
ὅσσοιall thatὅσος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ,ἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionἸδαίωνof IdaἸδαῖος · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies ὀρέωνὀρέωνmountainsὄρος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἀπ̓ἅλαto the seaἅλς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of προρέουσιδὲandδέ · particleemphasizing particleπρορέουσιflow downπρορέω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing - 20
Rhesus and Heptaporus, Caresus and Rhodius,
ῬῆσόςRhesusῬῆσος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶθandτε · particlesentence particleἙπτάπορόςHeptaporusἙπτάπορος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleΚάρησόςCaresusΚάρησος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleῬοδίοςRhodiusῬοδίος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particle - 21
Granicus and Aesepus, and godlike Scamander,
ΓρήνικόςGranicusΓρήνικος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleΑἴσηποςAesepusΑἴσηπος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶδῖόςgodlikeδῖος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Σκάμανδροςτεandτε · particlesentence particleΣκάμανδροςScamanderΣκάμανδρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 22
and Simoeis, where many oxhide shields and helmets
Metre
καὶΣιμόειςὅθιπολλὰ‖βοάγριακαὶτρυφάλειαι
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΣιμόειςSimoeisΣιμόεις · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶὅθιwhereὅθι · adverbadverbial to κάππεσονπολλὰmanyπολύς · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies βοάγριαβοάγριαoxhide shieldsβοάγριον · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleτρυφάλειαιhelmetsτρυφάλεια · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of καὶ - 23
fell in the dust, and the race of demigod men.
Metre
κάππεσονἐνκονίῃσι‖καὶἡμιθέωνγένοςἀνδρῶν
κάππεσονfell downκαταπίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing Σιμόειςthe compound’s first element is assimilated in this epic form
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionκονίῃσιthe dustκονία · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἡμιθέωνof demigodsἡμίθεος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἀνδρῶνγένοςraceγένος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of καὶἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies γένος - 24
Phoebus Apollo turned the mouths of all these together,
Metre
τῶνπάντωνὁμόσε‖στόματἔτραπεΦοῖβοςἈπόλλων
τῶνof theseὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies στόματ̓πάντωνallπᾶς · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τῶνὁμόσεtogetherὁμόσε · adverbobject of ἔτραπεστόματriver mouthsστόμα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔτραπεἔτραπεturnedτρέπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΦοῖβοςPhoebusΦοῖβος · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈπόλλωνἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔτραπε - 25
and for nine days drove their flood against the wall; and Zeus rained
Metre
ἐννῆμαρἐςτεῖχος‖ἵειῥόονὗεἄραΖεὺς
ἐννῆμαρfor nine daysἐννῆμαρ · adverbadverbial to ἵειa compressed epic adverb meaning “for nine days”
δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐςagainstεἰς · prepositionprepositionτεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐςἵειdroveἵημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbῥόονtheir floodῥόος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἵειὗεrainedὕω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὗε - 26
without cease, to make the walls sea-washed all the sooner.
Metre
συνεχέςὄφράκεθᾶσσον‖ἁλίπλοατείχεαθείη
συνεχέςwithout ceaseσυνεχής · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ὗεὄφράso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκεmightἄν · particlesentence particleθᾶσσονsoonerθάσσων · accusative singular neuter comparative adjectiveadverbial to θείηἁλίπλοαsea-washedἁλίπλοος · accusative plural neuter adjectivecomplement of θείητείχεαthe wallsτεῖχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of θείηθείηmakeτίθημι · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὄφρά - 27
The Earth-shaker himself, holding his trident in his hands,
αὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐννοσίγαιοςEarth-shakerἘννοσίγαιος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓ἔχωνholdingἔχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἡγεῖτ̓χείρεσσιin his handsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἔχωντρίαινανtridentτρίαινα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔχων - 28
led the work, and sent all the foundations into the waves,
ἡγεῖτled the workἡγέομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐκoutἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleπάνταallπᾶς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies θεμείλιαθεμείλιαfoundationsθέμεθλα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of πέμπεκύμασιthe wavesκῦμα · dative plural neuter nounobject of πέμπεπέμπεsentπέμπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 29
the beams and stones the Achaeans had laid down with toil,
Metre
φιτρῶνκαὶλάων‖τὰθέσανμογέοντεςἈχαιοί
φιτρῶνbeamsφιτρός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordλάωνstonesλᾶας · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καὶτὰwhichὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of θέσανθέσανhad laidτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing θεμείλιαμογέοντεςtoilingμογέω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to θέσανἈχαιοίAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of θέσαν - 30
and made all smooth beside the strong-flowing Hellespont;
Metre
λεῖαἐποίησεν‖παρἀγάρροονἙλλήσποντον
λεῖαsmoothλεῖος · accusative plural neuter adjectivecomplement of ἐποίησενδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐποίησενmadeποιέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionἀγάρροονstrong-flowingἀγάρροος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἙλλήσποντονἙλλήσποντονHellespontἙλλήσποντος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to παῤ - 31
then covered the broad shore again with sand
Metre
αὖτιςἠϊόνα‖μεγάληνψαμάθοισικάλυψε
αὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbsentence particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἠϊόναshoreἠιών · accusative singular feminine nounobject of κάλυψεμεγάληνbroadμέγας · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἠϊόναψαμάθοισιwith sandψάμαθος · dative plural feminine nounobject of κάλυψεκάλυψεcoveredκαλύπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 32
after obliterating the wall, and turned the rivers back
Metre
τεῖχοςἀμαλδύνας‖ποταμοὺςἔτρεψενέεσθαι
τεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀμαλδύναςἀμαλδύναςafter obliteratingἀμαλδύνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κάλυψεποταμοὺςthe riversποταμός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἔτρεψεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔτρεψεturnedτρέπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνέεσθαιto returnνέομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveadverbial to ἔτρεψε - 33
into the channels where their fair-flowing water had run before.
Metre
κὰρῥόονᾗπερπρόσθεν‖ἵενκαλλίρροονὕδωρ
κὰρintoκατά · prepositionprepositionῥόονtheir channelsῥόος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κὰρᾗwhereᾗ · adverbobject of ἵενπερveryπέρ · particlesentence particleπρόσθενbeforeπρόσθεν · adverbadverbial to ἵενἵενhad flowedἵημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ῥόονκαλλίρροονfair-flowingκαλλίρρους · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ὕδωρὕδωρwaterὕδωρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἵεν - 34
So Poseidon and Apollo were to bring this about in time to come;
Metre
ὣςἄρἔμελλονὄπισθε‖ΠοσειδάωνκαὶἈπόλλων
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔμελλονἄρindeedἄρα · particlesentence particleἔμελλονwere destinedμέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὄπισθεin time to comeὄπισθεν · adverbadverbial to ἔμελλονΠοσειδάωνPoseidonΠοσειδεών · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἈπόλλωνApolloἈπόλλων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 35
but then battle and war-cry blazed around
Metre
θησέμεναιτότεἀμφὶ‖μάχηἐνοπήτεδεδήει
θησέμεναιto bring aboutτίθημι · future active infinitiveobject of ἔμελλοντότεthenτότε · adverbadverbial to δὲδbutδέ · particlesentence particleἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionemphasizing particleμάχηbattleμάχη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τεἐνοπήwar-cryἐνοπή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordδεδήειblazedδαίω · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 36
the well-built wall, and the timbers of the towers clattered
Metre
τεῖχοςἐΰδμητον‖κανάχιζεδὲδούραταπύργων
τεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of δεδήειἐΰδμητονwell-builtεὔδμητος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τεῖχοςκανάχιζεclatteredκαναχίζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδούραταtimbersδόρυ · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of κανάχιζεπύργωνof the towersπύργος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies δούρατα - 37
under blows. The Argives, beaten down by the scourge of Zeus,
Metre
βαλλόμενἈργεῖοι‖δὲΔιὸςμάστιγιδαμέντες
βαλλόμενunder blowsβάλλω · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural neuteradverbial to κανάχιζεἈργεῖοιArgivesἈργεῖος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἰσχανόωντοδὲbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies μάστιγιμάστιγιby the scourgeμάστιξ · dative singular feminine nounobject of δαμέντεςδαμέντεςbeaten downδαμάζω · aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἰσχανόωντο - 38
were penned beside the hollow ships and held there,
Metre
νηυσὶνἔπιγλαφυρῇσιν‖ἐελμένοιἰσχανόωντο
νηυσὶνbeside the shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἔπιἔπιatἐπί · prepositionprepositionγλαφυρῇσινhollowγλαφυρός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶνἐελμένοιpenned inεἴλω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἰσχανόωντοἰσχανόωντοwere heldἰσχανάω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 39
fearing Hector, mighty deviser of rout;
Metre
Ἕκτοραδειδιότες‖κρατερὸνμήστωραφόβοιο
ἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ,δειδιότεςfearingδείδω · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἰσχανόωντοκρατερὸνmightyκρατερός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies μήστωραμήστωραdeviserμήστωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ,φόβοιοof routφόβος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies μήστωρα - 40
and as before, he fought equal to a storm.
Metre
αὐτὰρὅὡςτὸπρόσθεν‖ἐμάρνατοἶσοςἀέλλῃ
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐμάρνατογindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialτὸatὁ · accusative singular neuter articlemodifies πρόσθενπρόσθενbeforeπρόσθεν · adverbadverbialἐμάρνατοfoughtμάρναμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἶσοςequalἴσος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀέλλῃto a stormἄελλα · dative singular feminine nounmodifies ἶσος - 41
As when among dogs and hunting men
Metre
ὡςὅτἂνἔντεκύνεσσι‖καὶἀνδράσιθηρευτῇσι
ὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅτwhenὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἂνmightἄν · particlesentence particleἔνamongἐν · prepositionprepositionτεbothτε · particlesentence particleκύνεσσιdogsκύων · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀνδράσιmenἀνήρ · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to καὶθηρευτῇσιhuntersθηρευτής · dative plural masculine nounmodifies ἀνδράσι - 42
a boar or lion wheels about, exulting in his strength,
Metre
κάπριοςἠὲλέων‖στρέφεταισθένεϊβλεμεαίνων
κάπριοςboarκάπριος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠὲἠὲorἠέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordλέωνlionλέων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠὲστρέφεταιwheels aboutστρέφω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbialσθένεϊin his strengthσθένος · dative singular neuter nounobject of βλεμεαίνωνβλεμεαίνωνexultingβλεμεαίνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to στρέφεται - 43
and they marshal themselves in ranks like a tower
Metre
οἳδέτεπυργηδὸν‖σφέαςαὐτοὺςἀρτύναντες
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of καὶδέandδέ · particlesentence particleτεthenτε · particlesentence particleπυργηδὸνtower-fashionπυργηδόν · adverbadverbial to ἀρτύναντεςthe adverb likens the hunters’ close formation to a tower
σφέαςthemselvesσφεῖς · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ἀρτύναντεςαὐτοὺςthemselvesαὐτός · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies σφέαςἀρτύναντεςhaving marshaledἀρτύνω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἵστανται - 44
and stand against him, casting thick-falling
Metre
ἀντίονἵστανται‖καὶἀκοντίζουσιθαμειὰς
ἀντίονagainst himἀντίος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἵστανταιἵστανταιstandἵστημι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbsentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἀκοντίζουσιcastἀκοντίζω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbialθαμειὰςthick-fallingθαμέες · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies αἰχμὰς - 45
spears from their hands; yet his glorious heart never
Metre
αἰχμὰςἐκχειρῶν‖τοῦοὔποτεκυδάλιμονκῆρ
αἰχμὰςspearsαἰχμή · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἀκοντίζουσιἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionχειρῶνtheir handsχείρ · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐκτοῦhisὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies κῆρδyetδέ · particlesentence particleοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleποτεeverποτέ · particleadverbial to ταρβεῖκυδάλιμονgloriousκυδάλιμος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κῆρκῆρheartκῆρ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ταρβεῖ - 46
quails or fears, and his own high spirit kills him;
Metre
ταρβεῖοὐδὲφοβεῖται‖ἀγηνορίηδέμινἔκτα
ταρβεῖquailsταρβέω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbialφοβεῖταιfearsφοβέω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbialἀγηνορίηhigh spiritἀγηνορία · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔκταδέandδέ · particlesentence particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔκταἔκταkillsκτείνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial - 47
again and again he wheels and tries the ranks of men,
Metre
ταρφέατεστρέφεται‖στίχαςἀνδρῶνπειρητίζων
ταρφέαagain and againταρφύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to στρέφεταιτεandτε · particlesentence particleστρέφεταιhe wheelsστρέφω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbialστίχαςranksστίξ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of πειρητίζωνἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies στίχαςπειρητίζωνtestingπειρητίζω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to στρέφεται - 48
and wherever he charges, there the ranks of men give way;
Metre
ὅππῃἰθύσῃ‖τῇεἴκουσιστίχεςἀνδρῶν
ὅππῃwhereverὅπη · adverbobject of ἰθύσῃτandτε · particlecoordinating wordἰθύσῃhe chargesἰθύω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τῇτῇthereτῇ · adverbobject of εἴκουσιεἴκουσιgive wayεἴκω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to τ̓στίχεςranksστίξ · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of εἴκουσιἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies στίχες - 49
so Hector, moving through the throng, pleaded with his companions
Metre
ὣςἝκτωρἀνὅμιλον‖ἰὼνἐλλίσσεθἑταίρους
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐλλίσσεθ̓ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐλλίσσεθ̓ἀνthroughἀνά · prepositionprepositionὅμιλονthe throngὅμιλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀν̓ἰὼνmovingεἶμι · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐλλίσσεθ̓ἐλλίσσεθpleaded withλίσσομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἑταίρουςcompanionsἑταῖρος · accusative plural masculine nounsubject of διαβαινέμεν - 50
and urged them to cross the trench; but his horses
Metre
τάφρονἐποτρύνων‖διαβαινέμενοὐδέοἱἵπποι
τάφρονtrenchτάφρος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of διαβαινέμενἐποτρύνωνurgingἐποτρύνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐλλίσσεθ̓διαβαινέμενto crossδιαβαίνω · present active infinitiveobject of ἐποτρύνωνοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἵπποιἵπποιhorsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τόλμων - 51
did not dare, swift-footed though they were, but neighed loudly as they stood
Metre
τόλμωνὠκύποδες‖μάλαδὲχρεμέτιζονἐπἄκρῳ
τόλμωνdid not dareτολμάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὠκύποδεςswift-footedὠκύπους · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵπποιμάλαloudlyμάλα · adverbadverbial to χρεμέτιζονδὲbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordχρεμέτιζονneighed loudlyχρεμετίζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐπatἐπί · prepositionprepositionἄκρῳthe veryἄκρος · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies χείλει - 52
on its very lip, for the trench before them struck fear into them,
χείλειlipχεῖλος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐπ̓ἐφεσταότεςstandingἐφίστημι · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to χρεμέτιζονἀπὸbefore themἀπό · prepositionemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleδειδίσσετοfrightened themδειδίσσομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbcoordinating wordτάφροςtrenchτάφρος · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of δειδίσσετο - 53
wide as it was, neither easy to leap across at close range nor to pass through.
Metre
εὐρεῖοὔτἄρὑπερθορέειν‖σχεδὸνοὔτεπερῆσαι
εὐρεῖwideεὐρύς · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies τάφροςElided form of εὐρεῖα, feminine to agree with τάφρος 'trench,' named earlier in the sentence.
ἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὑπερθορέεινto leap acrossὑπερθρώσκω · aorist active infinitivemodifiesσχεδὸνat close rangeσχεδόν · adverbadverbial to ὑπερθορέεινοὔτεnorοὔτε · adverbcoordinating wordπερῆσαιto pass throughπεράω · aorist active infinitivemodifies ῥηϊδίηDepends on an adjective 'easy' (ῥηϊδίη) not included in this excerpt: '(not) easy to pass through.'
- 54
For overhanging banks stood all around it
Metre
ῥηϊδίηκρημνοὶ‖γὰρἐπηρεφέεςπερὶπᾶσαν
ῥηϊδίηeasyῥᾴδιος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies τεκρημνοὶbanksκρημνός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἕστασανγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐπηρεφέεςoverhangingἐπηρεφής · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies κρημνοὶπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionπᾶσανall of itπᾶς · accusative singular feminine adjectiveadverbial to περὶ - 55
on either side, and above it bristled with
Metre
ἕστασανἀμφοτέρωθεν‖ὕπερθενδὲσκολόπεσσιν
ἕστασανstoodἵστημι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀμφοτέρωθενon either sideἀμφοτέρωθεν · adverbadverbial to ἕστασανὕπερθενaboveὕπερθεν · adverbadverbial to ἠρήρειδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσκολόπεσσινwith stakesσκόλοψ · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἠρήρει - 56
sharp stakes, which the sons of the Achaeans had planted
Metre
ὀξέσινἠρήρει‖τοὺςἵστασανυἷεςἈχαιῶν
ὀξέσινsharpὀξύς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies σκολόπεσσινἠρήρειbristledἀραρίσκω · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτοὺςwhichὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ἵστασανἵστασανhad plantedἵστημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing σκολόπεσσινυἷεςsonsυἱός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἵστασανἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies υἷες - 57
close and tall as a defense against enemy men.
Metre
πυκνοὺςκαὶμεγάλους‖δηΐωνἀνδρῶνἀλεωρήν
πυκνοὺςcloseπυκνός · accusative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμεγάλουςtallμέγας · accusative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδηΐωνenemyδάιος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνδρῶνἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἀλεωρήνἀλεωρήνas defenseἀλεωρή · accusative singular feminine nouncircumstantial complement - 58
No horse drawing a smooth-running chariot could easily
Metre
ἔνθοὔκενῥέαἵππος‖ἐΰτροχονἅρματιταίνων
ἔνθthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ἐσβαίηοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleκενcouldἄν · particlesentence particleῥέαeasilyῥέα · adverbadverbial to ἐσβαίηἵπποςa horseἵππος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐσβαίηἐΰτροχονsmooth-runningεὔτροχος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἅρμαἅρμαchariotἅρμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of τιταίνωντιταίνωνdrawingτιταίνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐσβαίη - 59
enter there, but the foot soldiers were eager to see if they could accomplish it.
Metre
ἐσβαίηπεζοὶ‖δὲμενοίνεονεἰτελέουσι
ἐσβαίηenterεἰσβαίνω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπεζοὶfoot soldiersπεζός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of μενοίνεονδὲbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordμενοίνεονwere eagerμενοινάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbεἰwhetherεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτελέουσιthey could accomplishτελέω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbobject of εἰ - 60
Then Polydamas stood beside bold Hector and said:
Metre
δὴτότεΠουλυδάμας‖θρασὺνἝκτοραεἶπεπαραστάς
δὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleτότεthenτότε · adverbadverbial to εἶπεΠουλυδάμαςPolydamasΠουλυδάμας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εἶπεθρασὺνboldθρασύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτοραἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εἶπεεἶπεsaidεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπαραστάςstanding besideπαρίστημι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἶπε - 61
"Hector, and you other leaders of the Trojans and their allies,
ἝκτορHectorἝκτωρ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headτandτε · particlesentence particleἠδandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄλλοιotherἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀγοὶΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies ἠδ̓ἀγοὶleadersἀγός · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headἠδandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐπικούρωνalliesἐπίκουρος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἠδ̓ - 62
we are thoughtlessly driving our swift horses across the trench.
Metre
ἀφραδέωςδιὰτάφρον‖ἐλαύνομενὠκέαςἵππους
ἀφραδέωςthoughtlesslyἀφραδής · adverbadverbial to ἐλαύνομενδιὰacrossδιά · prepositionprepositionτάφρονtrenchτάφρος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of διὰἐλαύνομενwe are drivingἐλαύνω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbὠκέαςswiftὠκύς · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππουςἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐλαύνομεν - 63
It is very hard to cross: sharp stakes stand
Metre
ἣδὲμάλἀργαλέη‖περάανσκόλοπεςγὰρἐναὐτῇ
ἣitὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubjectδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleἀργαλέηhardἀργαλέος · nominative singular feminine adjectivepredicate nounπεράανto crossπεράω · present active infinitivemodifies ἀργαλέησκόλοπεςstakesσκόλοψ · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἑστᾶσινγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐνwithinἐν · prepositionprepositionαὐτῇitαὐτός · dative singular feminine adjectiveobject of ἐν - 64
within it, and close beyond them is the wall of the Achaeans.
Metre
ὀξέεςἑστᾶσιν‖ποτὶαὐτοὺςτεῖχοςἈχαιῶν
ὀξέεςsharpὀξύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies σκόλοπεςἑστᾶσινstandἵστημι · perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbποτὶclose beyondπρός · prepositionprepositionδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὐτοὺςthemαὐτός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ποτὶτεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τεῖχος - 65
There is no way for charioteers to descend or fight
Metre
ἔνθοὔπωςἔστιν‖καταβήμεναιοὐδὲμάχεσθαι
ἔνθthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to δὲοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleπωςsomehowπως · particlesentence particleἔστινis possibleεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δὲκαταβήμεναιto descendκαθάπτω · aorist passive infinitivesubject of ἔστινμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitivesubject - 66
there; the ground is narrow, and I think we will be wounded.
Metre
ἱππεῦσιστεῖνος‖γάρὅθιτρώσεσθαιὀΐω
ἱππεῦσιfor charioteersἱππεύς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to μάχεσθαιστεῖνοςnarrow groundστεῖνος · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleὅθιthereὅθι · adverbadverbial to ὀΐωτρώσεσθαιwe will be woundedτιτρώσκω · future middle infinitiveobject of ὀΐωὀΐωi thinkοἴομαι · present active indicative, 1st singular verbverb of a clause describing στεῖνος - 67
If, bent wholly on evil for them, he is crushing the Achaeans,
Metre
εἰμὲνγὰρτοὺςπάγχυ‖κακὰφρονέωνἀλαπάζει
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτοὺςthemὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ἀλαπάζειπάγχυwhollyπάγχυ · adverbadverbial to ἀλαπάζεικακὰevilκακός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to φρονέωνφρονέωνintendingφρονέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀλαπάζειἀλαπάζειis crushingἀλαπάζω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δὲ - 68
Zeus who thunders on high, and longs to aid the Trojans,
Metre
Ζεὺςὑψιβρεμέτης‖Τρώεσσιδὲἵετἀρήγειν
ΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δὲὑψιβρεμέτηςhigh-thunderingὑψιβρεμέτης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΖεὺςΤρώεσσιthe TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀρήγεινδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἵετlongsἵημι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δὲἀρήγεινto aidἀρήγω · present active infinitiveobject of ἵετ̓ - 69
then I myself would wish this to happen here and now:
Metre
ἦἂνἔγωγἐθέλοιμι‖καὶαὐτίκατοῦτογενέσθαι
ἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleτandτε · particlesentence particleἂνwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἔγωγi myselfἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐθέλοιμιἐθέλοιμιwould wishἐθέλω · present active optative, 1st singular verbmain verbκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleαὐτίκαat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to γενέσθαιτοῦτοthisοὗτος · accusative singular neuter adjectivesubject of ,γενέσθαιto happenγίγνομαι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of ἐθέλοιμι - 70
for the Achaeans to perish nameless here, far from Argos.
Metre
νωνύμνουςἀπολέσθαι‖ἀπἌργεοςἐνθάδἈχαιούς
νωνύμνουςnamelessνώνυμνος · accusative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementthe adjective means deprived not only of a name but of enduring heroic fame
ἀπολέσθαιto perishἀπόλλυμι · aorist middle infinitivesubject of ,ἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionἌργεοςArgosἌργος · genitive singular neuter nounadverbial to ἀπ̓ἐνθάδhereἐνθάδε · adverbadverbial to ἀπολέσθαιἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἀπολέσθαι - 71
But if they turn upon us and a counter-pursuit begins
Metre
εἰδέὑποστρέψωσι‖παλίωξιςδὲγένηται
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδέbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordχshouldἄν · particlesentence particleὑποστρέψωσιturn upon usὑποστρέφω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to καὶπαλίωξιςcounter-pursuitπαλίωξις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of γένηταιδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleγένηταιbeginsγίγνομαι · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶ - 72
from the ships, and we crash into the dug trench,
Metre
ἐκνηῶνκαὶτάφρῳ‖ἐνιπλήξωμενὀρυκτῇ
ἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionνηῶνthe shipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies ἐκκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordτάφρῳinto the trenchτάφρος · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐνιπλήξωμενἐνιπλήξωμενwe crashἐμπλήσσω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to καὶὀρυκτῇdugὀρυκτός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies τάφρῳ - 73
then I think not even a messenger will make his way back
Metre
οὐκέτἔπειτὀΐω‖οὐδἄγγελονἀπονέεσθαι
οὐκέτno longerοὐκέτι · adverbadverbial to ἀπονέεσθαιἔπειτthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἀπονέεσθαιὀΐωi thinkοἴομαι · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἄγγελονeven a messengerἄγγελος · accusative singular masculine nouncircumstantial complementἀπονέεσθαιwill make it backἀπονέομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ὀΐω - 74
again toward the city, once the Achaeans wheel upon us.
Metre
ἄψορρονπροτὶἄστυ‖ἑλιχθέντωνὑπἈχαιῶν
ἄψορρονback againἄψορρος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀπονέεσθαιπροτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionἄστυthe cityἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of προτὶἑλιχθέντωνonce driven backἑλίσσω · aorist passive participle, genitive plural masculinecircumstantial complementὑπbyὑπό · prepositionprepositionἈχαιῶνthe Achaeansἀχαιός · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ὑπ̓ - 75
Come, then, let all of us obey as I shall say:
Metre
ἀλλἄγεθὡςἂνἐγὼ‖εἴπωπειθώμεθαπάντες
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἄγεθcomeἄγε · adverbsentence particleὡςasὡς · conjunctionadverbialἂνmayἄν · particlesentence particleἐγὼiἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἴπωεἴπωsayεἶπον · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbialπειθώμεθαlet us obeyπείθω · present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbthe full line is an inherited formula introducing formal heroic counsel
πάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of πειθώμεθα - 76
let the attendants hold the horses here beside the trench,
Metre
ἵππουςμὲνθεράποντες‖ἐρυκόντωνἐπὶτάφρῳ
ἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐρυκόντωνμὲνon one handμέν · particlesentence particleθεράποντεςattendantsθεράπων · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἐρυκόντωνἐρυκόντωνlet them holdἐρύκω · present active imperative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐπὶbesideἐπί · prepositionprepositionτάφρῳthe trenchτάφρος · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπὶ - 77
while we ourselves, foot fighters armed in our war gear,
Metre
αὐτοὶδὲπρυλέες‖σὺντεύχεσιθωρηχθέντες
αὐτοὶwe ourselvesαὐτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδὲbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordπρυλέεςfoot fightersπρυλέες · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἑπώμεθ̓σὺνinσύν · prepositionprepositionτεύχεσιarmorτεῦχος · dative plural neuter nounobject of σὺνθωρηχθέντεςarmedθωρήσσω · aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἑπώμεθ̓ - 78
all follow Hector in one mass; and the Achaeans
Metre
Ἕκτοριπάντεςἑπώμεθ‖ἀολλέεςαὐτὰρἈχαιοὶ
ἝκτοριHectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἑπώμεθ̓πάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies πρυλέεςἑπώμεθlet us followἕπομαι · present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbἀολλέεςin one massἀολλής · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementαὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἈχαιοὶAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of μενέουσ̓ - 79
will not stand if the cords of destruction have been fastened upon them."
Metre
οὐμενέουσεἰδή‖σφινὀλέθρουπείρατἐφῆπται
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμενέουσwill standμένω · future active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbεἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδήindeedδή · particlesentence particleσφινupon themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἐφῆπταιὀλέθρουof destructionὄλεθρος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πείρατ̓πείρατcordsπεῖραρ · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of ἐφῆπταιἐφῆπταιhave been fastenedἐφάπτω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἰ - 80
So Polydamas spoke, and his harmless counsel pleased Hector,
Metre
ὣςφάτοΠουλυδάμας‖ἅδεἝκτοριμῦθοςἀπήμων
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάτοφάτοspokeφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΠουλυδάμαςPolydamasΠουλυδάμας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of φάτοἅδεpleasedἁνδάνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlesentence particleἝκτοριHectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἅδεμῦθοςcounselμῦθος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἅδεἀπήμωνharmlessἀπήμων · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies μῦθοςthe adjective praises the counsel as free from the danger posed by the trench
- 81
and at once he leapt to the ground from his chariot in his armor.
Metre
αὐτίκαἐξὀχέων‖σὺντεύχεσινἆλτοχαμᾶζε
αὐτίκαat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to ἆλτοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionὀχέωνhis chariotὄχος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἐξσὺνinσύν · prepositionprepositionτεύχεσινarmorτεῦχος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to σὺνἆλτοleaptἅλλομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχαμᾶζεto the groundχαμᾶζε · adverbobject of ἆλτο - 82
Nor did the other Trojans remain gathered on their horses,
Metre
οὐδὲμὲνἄλλοιΤρῶες‖ἐφἵππωνἠγερέθοντο
μὲνnor indeedμέν · particlesentence particleἄλλοιthe otherἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ΤρῶεςΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἠγερέθοντοἐφonἐπί · prepositionprepositionἵππωνtheir horsesἵππος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἐφ̓ἠγερέθοντοremained gatheredἠγερέθομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 83
but all sprang down when they saw godlike Hector.
Metre
ἀλλἀπὸπάντεςὄρουσαν‖ἐπεὶἴδονἝκτοραδῖον
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀπὸdownἀπό · prepositionemphasizing particleπάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ὄρουσανὄρουσανsprangὀρούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἴδονthey sawεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἐπεὶἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἴδονδῖονgodlikeδῖος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτορα - 84
Then each man ordered his own charioteer
Metre
ἡνιόχῳμὲνἔπειτα‖ἑῷἐπέτελλενἕκαστος
ἡνιόχῳhis charioteerἡνίοχος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπέτελλενμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἐπέτελλενἑῷhis ownἑός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἡνιόχῳἐπέτελλενorderedἐπιτέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἕκαστοςeach manἕκαστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of ἐπέτελλεν - 85
to hold the horses well and in due order there beside the trench.
Metre
ἵππουςεὖκατὰκόσμον‖ἐρυκέμεναὖθἐπὶτάφρῳ
ἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐρυκέμενεὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to ἐρυκέμενκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionκόσμονdue orderκόσμος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to κατὰἐρυκέμενto holdἐρύκω · present active infinitiveobject of ἐπέτελλεναὖθthereαὖτε · adverbobject of ἐρυκέμενἐπὶbesideἐπί · prepositionprepositionτάφρῳthe trenchτάφρος · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπὶ - 86
They parted company, marshaled themselves,
Metre
οἳδὲδιαστάντες‖σφέαςαὐτοὺςἀρτύναντες
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἕποντοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδιαστάντεςhaving separatedδιίστημι · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἕποντοσφέαςthemselvesσφεῖς · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ἀρτύναντεςαὐτοὺςthemselvesαὐτός · accusative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀρτύναντεςhaving marshaledἀρτύνω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἕποντο - 87
and formed in five divisions, then followed their leaders.
Metre
πένταχακοσμηθέντες‖ἅμἡγεμόνεσσινἕποντο
πένταχαin five divisionsπένταχα · adverbadverbial to κοσμηθέντεςthe adverb means “in five parts,” introducing the five-company catalogue
κοσμηθέντεςformed upκοσμέω · aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἕποντοἅμwithἅμα · prepositionprepositionἡγεμόνεσσινtheir leadersἡγεμών · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἅμ̓ἕποντοfollowedἕπομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 88
One company went with Hector and blameless Polydamas,
Metre
οἳμὲνἅμἝκτορἴσαν‖καὶἀμύμονιΠουλυδάμαντι
οἳone companyὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἴσανμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἅμwithἅμα · prepositionprepositionἝκτορHectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἴσανwentεἶμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀμύμονιblamelessἀμύμων · dative singular adjectivemodifies ΠουλυδάμαντιΠουλυδάμαντιPolydamasΠουλυδάμας · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶ - 89
the most numerous and best, and the most eager
Metre
οἳπλεῖστοικαὶἄριστοι‖ἔσανμέμασανδὲμάλιστα
οἳtheyὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of δὲπλεῖστοιmost numerousπλεῖστος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄριστοιbestἄριστος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounἔσανwereεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing δὲμέμασανwere eagerμέμαα · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing δὲδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμάλισταmostμάλιστα · adverbadverbial to μέμασαν - 90
to break through the wall and fight beside the hollow ships.
Metre
τεῖχοςῥηξάμενοι‖κοίλῃςἐπὶνηυσὶμάχεσθαι
τεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ῥηξάμενοιῥηξάμενοιto break throughῥήγνυμι · aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to μάχεσθαικοίλῃςhollowκοῖλος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶἐπὶbesideἐπί · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐπὶμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of μέμασαν - 91
Cebriones followed them as the third commander; but beside the chariot
Metre
καίσφινΚεβριόνης‖τρίτοςεἵπετοπὰρἄρὄχεσφιν
καίandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleσφινwith themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of εἵπετοΚεβριόνηςCebrionesΚεβριόνης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εἵπετοτρίτοςas thirdτρίτος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementεἵπετοfollowedἕπομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπὰρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρindeedἄρα · particlesentence particleὄχεσφινthe chariotὄχος · dative plural neuter nounobject of πὰρ - 92
Hector left another man, less capable than Cebriones.
Metre
ἄλλονΚεβριόναο‖χερείονακάλλιπενἝκτωρ
ἄλλονanother manἄλλος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of κάλλιπενΚεβριόναοthan CebrionesΚεβριόνης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies χερείοναχερείοναless capableχερείων · accusative singular masculine comparative adjectivemodifies ἄλλονκάλλιπενleftκαταλείπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κάλλιπεν - 93
The second company was led by Paris, Alcathous, and Agenor;
Metre
τῶνἑτέρωνΠάριςἦρχε‖καὶἈλκάθοοςκαὶἈγήνωρ
τῶνof the othersὁ · genitive plural masculine articlemodifies ἑτέρωνδandδέ · particlesentence particleἑτέρωνsecond companyἕτερος · genitive plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἦρχεΠάριςParisΠάρις · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶἦρχεledἄρχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἈλκάθοοςAlcathousἈλκάθοος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἈγήνωρAgenorἈγήνωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 94
the third by Helenus and godlike Deiphobus,
Metre
τῶνδὲτρίτωνἝλενος‖καὶΔηΐφοβοςθεοειδὴς
τῶνof the thirdὁ · genitive plural masculine articlemodifies τρίτωνδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτρίτωνcompanyτρίτος · genitive plural masculine adjectiveobjectἝλενοςHelenusἝλενος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΔηΐφοβοςDeiphobusΔηίφοβος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶθεοειδὴςgodlikeθεοειδής · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Δηΐφοβος - 95
two sons of Priam; and with them the hero Asius,
υἷεsonsυἱός · accusative dual masculine nounsubjectδύωtwoδύο · numeralmodifies υἷεΠριάμοιοof PriamΠρίαμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἷετρίτοςas thirdτρίτος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἦνwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἌσιοςAsiusἌσιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubjectἥρωςheroἥρως · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἄσιος - 96
Asius, son of Hyrtacus, whom from Arisbe his horses bore,
Metre
ἌσιοςὙρτακίδης‖ὃνἈρίσβηθενφέρονἵπποι
ἌσιοςAsiusἌσιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubjectὙρτακίδηςson of HyrtacusὙρτακίδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἄσιοςὃνwhomὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of φέρονἈρίσβηθενfrom ArisbeἈρίσβη · adverbobject of φέρονφέρονboreφέρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing Ἄσιοςἵπποιhorsesἵππος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of φέρον - 97
fiery and great, from the river Selleis.
Metre
αἴθωνεςμεγάλοι‖ποταμοῦἄποΣελλήεντος
αἴθωνεςfieryαἴθων · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifiesμεγάλοιgreatμέγας · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifiesποταμοῦthe riverποταμός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἄποἄποfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionΣελλήεντοςSelleisΣελλήεις · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ποταμοῦ - 98
The fourth company was led by the noble son of Anchises,
Metre
τῶνδὲτετάρτωνἦρχεν‖ἐῢςπάϊςἈγχίσαο
τῶνof the fourthὁ · genitive plural masculine articlemodifies τετάρτωνδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτετάρτωνcompanyτέταρτος · genitive plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἦρχενἦρχενledἄρχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐῢςnobleἐύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πάϊςπάϊςsonπαῖς · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἈγχίσαοof AnchisesἈγχίσης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πάϊς - 99
Aeneas, and with him the two sons of Antenor,
ΑἰνείαςAeneasΑἰνείας · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἅμαwithἅμα · prepositionprepositionτῷhimὁ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἅμαγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleδύωtwoδύο · numeralmodifies υἷεἈντήνοροςof AntenorἈντήνωρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἷευἷεsonsυἱός · nominative dual masculine nounsubject - 100
Archelochus and Acamas, well versed in every kind of battle.
ἈρχέλοχόςArchelochusἈρχέλοχος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τετandτε · particlesentence particleἈκάμαςAcamasἈκάμας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordμάχηςin battleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of εἰδότεεὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to εἰδότεεἰδότεwell versedοἶδα · perfect active participle, nominative dual masculinemodifiesπάσηςevery kindπᾶς · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies μάχης - 101
Sarpedon led the glorious allies,
Metre
Σαρπηδὼνἡγήσατ‖ἀγακλειτῶνἐπικούρων
ΣαρπηδὼνSarpedonΣαρπηδών · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἡγήσατledἡγέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀγακλειτῶνgloriousἀγακλειτός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἐπικούρωνἐπικούρωνalliesἐπίκουρος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἡγήσατ̓ - 102
and chose beside him Glaucus and warlike Asteropaeus,
πρὸςbeside himπρός · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἕλετοchoseαἱρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΓλαῦκονGlaucusΓλαῦκος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀρήϊονwarlikeἄρειος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈστεροπαῖονἈστεροπαῖονAsteropaeusἈστεροπαῖος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶ - 103
for they seemed to him by far the best
Metre
οἳγάροἱεἴσαντο‖διακριδὸνεἶναιἄριστοι
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of εἴσαντογάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleοἱto himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of εἴσαντοεἴσαντοseemedεἴδομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδιακριδὸνby farδιακριδόν · adverbadverbial to εἶναιεἶναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of εἴσαντοἄριστοιbestἄριστος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 104
of all the rest after himself; and he stood out even among them all.
Metre
τῶνἄλλωνμετάαὐτόν‖ὃἔπρεπεκαὶδιὰπάντων
τῶνof allὁ · genitive plural masculine articlemodifies ἄλλωνἄλλωνthe othersἄλλος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἄριστοιμετάafterμετά · prepositionprepositionγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleαὐτόνhimselfαὐτός · accusative singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to μετάὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔπρεπεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔπρεπεstood outπρέπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleδιὰamongδιά · prepositionprepositionπάντωνthem allπᾶς · genitive plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to διὰ - 105
When they had fitted one another close with well-made oxhide shields,
Metre
οἳἐπεὶἀλλήλους‖ἄραροντυκτῇσιβόεσσι
οἳtheyὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of δ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἀλλήλουςone anotherἀλλήλων · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἄραρονἄραρονhad fittedἀραρίσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἐπεὶτυκτῇσιwell-madeτυκτός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies βόεσσιβόεσσιoxhide shieldsβοῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἄραρονthe noun “oxen” is used metonymically for shields made from oxhide
- 106
they went straight at the Danaans, eager for battle, and no longer thought they would
Metre
βάνἰθὺςΔαναῶν‖λελιημένοιοὐδἔτἔφαντο
βάνwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbῥthenἆρα · particlesentence particleἰθὺςstraight atἰθύς · adverbadverbial to βάνΔαναῶνthe DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounobject of λελιημένοιλελιημένοιeager for battleλελίημαι · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to βάνἔτno longerἔτι · adverbadverbial to ἔφαντοἔφαντοthoughtφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 107
hold back, but will fall upon the black ships.
Metre
σχήσεσθἀλλἐννηυσὶ‖μελαίνῃσινπεσέεσθαι
σχήσεσθthey would holdἔχω · future middle infinitiveobject of ἀλλ̓ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐνuponἐν · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνμελαίνῃσινblackμέλας · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶπεσέεσθαιwould fallπίπτω · future middle infinitiveobject of ἀλλ̓ - 108
Then the other Trojans and far-famed allies
Metre
ἔνθἄλλοιΤρῶες‖τηλεκλειτοίἐπίκουροι
ἔνθthenἔνθα · adverbadverbial to πίθοντοἄλλοιthe otherἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ΤρῶεςΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τ̓τηλεκλειτοίfar-famedτηλεκλειτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἐπίκουροιτandσύ · accusative singular pronouncoordinating wordἐπίκουροιalliesἐπίκουρος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τ̓ - 109
obeyed the counsel of blameless Polydamas;
Metre
βουλῇΠουλυδάμαντος‖ἀμωμήτοιοπίθοντο
βουλῇthe counselβουλή · dative singular feminine nounobject of πίθοντοΠουλυδάμαντοςof PolydamasΠουλυδάμας · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies βουλῇἀμωμήτοιοblamelessἀμώμητος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Πουλυδάμαντοςπίθοντοobeyedπείθω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 110
but Asius, son of Hyrtacus, marshal of men, would not
Metre
ἀλλοὐχὙρτακίδης‖ἔθελἌσιοςὄρχαμοςἀνδρῶν
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleοὐχwould notοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleὙρτακίδηςson of HyrtacusὙρτακίδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἴλιονἔθελwishἐθέλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἌσιοςAsiusἌσιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of δ̓ὄρχαμοςmarshalὄρχαμος · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἄσιοςἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ὄρχαμος - 111
leave his horses there, nor his attendant charioteer,
Metre
αὖθιλιπεῖνἵππους‖τεκαὶἡνίοχονθεράποντα
αὖθιthereαὖθι · adverbobject of λιπεῖνλιπεῖνto leaveλιπάω · present active infinitiveobject of ἔθελ̓ἵππουςhis horsesἵππος · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶτεbothτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἡνίοχονcharioteerἡνίοχος · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies θεράπονταθεράπονταattendantθεράπων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶ - 112
but with them he drew near the swift ships,
Metre
ἀλλὰσὺναὐτοῖσιν‖πέλασεννήεσσιθοῇσι
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordσὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionαὐτοῖσινthemαὐτός · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to σὺνπέλασενdrew nearπελάζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνήεσσιthe shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of πέλασενθοῇσιswiftθοός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νήεσσι - 113
fool; nor was he destined, once he escaped the evil fates,
Metre
νήπιοςοὐδἄρἔμελλε‖κακὰςὑπὸκῆραςἀλύξας
νήπιοςfoolνήπιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἄρindeedἄρα · particlesentence particleἔμελλεwas destinedμέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκακὰςevilκακός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies κῆραςὑπὸfromὑπό · prepositionemphasizing particleκῆραςfatesκήρ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἀλύξαςἀλύξαςhaving escapedἀλύσκω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀπονοστήσειν - 114
exulting in his horses and chariot beside the ships,
Metre
ἵπποισινκαὶὄχεσφιν‖ἀγαλλόμενοςπαρὰνηῶν
ἵπποισινhis horsesἵππος · dative plural masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὄχεσφινchariotὄχος · dative plural neuter nounobject of καὶἀγαλλόμενοςexultingἀγάλλω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀπονοστήσεινπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηῶνthe shipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to παρὰ - 115
to return again toward windy Ilion;
Metre
ἂψἀπονοστήσειν‖προτὶἼλιονἠνεμόεσσαν
ἂψbackἄψ · adverbadverbial to ἀπονοστήσεινἀπονοστήσεινto returnἀπονοστέω · future active infinitiveobject of ἔμελλεπροτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionἼλιονIlionἼλιος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of προτὶἠνεμόεσσανwindyἠνεμόεις · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἴλιον - 116
for before that, fate of ill name had closed around him,
Metre
πρόσθενγάρμινμοῖρα‖δυσώνυμοςἀμφεκάλυψεν
πρόσθενbefore thatπρόσθεν · adverbadverbial to ἀμφεκάλυψενγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀμφεκάλυψενμοῖραfateμοῖρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἀμφεκάλυψενδυσώνυμοςill-namedδυσώνυμος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μοῖραἀμφεκάλυψενhad closed aroundἀμφικαλύπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 117
beneath the spear of glorious Idomeneus, son of Deucalion.
Metre
ἔγχεϊἸδομενῆος‖ἀγαυοῦΔευκαλίδαο
ἔγχεϊbeneath the spearἔγχος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἀμφεκάλυψενἸδομενῆοςof IdomeneusἸδομενεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἔγχεϊἀγαυοῦgloriousἀγαυός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἸδομενῆοςΔευκαλίδαοson of DeucalionΔευκαλίδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Ἰδομενῆος - 118
He drove toward the left of the ships, by the way the Achaeans
Metre
εἴσατογὰρνηῶν‖ἐπἀριστεράτῇπερἈχαιοὶ
εἴσατοhe droveεἶμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleνηῶνof the shipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies ἀριστεράἐπtowardἐπί · prepositionprepositionἀριστεράthe leftἀριστερός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἐπ̓τῇthe wayτῇ · adverbobject of νίσοντοπερveryπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἈχαιοὶAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of νίσοντο - 119
returned from the plain with horses and chariots;
Metre
ἐκπεδίουνίσοντο‖σὺνἵπποισινκαὶὄχεσφι
ἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπεδίουthe plainπεδίον · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἐκνίσοντοreturnedνίσσομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἀριστεράσὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionἵπποισινhorsesἵππος · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὄχεσφιchariotsὄχος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to καὶ - 120
there he drove his horses and chariot through, and at the gates
Metre
τῇἵππουςτεκαὶἅρμα‖διήλασενοὐδὲπύλῃσιν
τῇthereτῇ · adverbobject of διήλασενῥthenἆρα · particlesentence particleἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἅρμαchariotἅρμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶδιήλασενdrove throughδιελαύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπύλῃσινat the gatesπύλη · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐπικεκλιμένας - 121
he found neither the doors shut fast nor the long bar drawn,
Metre
εὗρἐπικεκλιμένας‖σανίδαςκαὶμακρὸνὀχῆα
εὗρhe foundεὑρίσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπικεκλιμέναςshut fastἐπικλίνω · perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural femininecircumstantial complementthe perfect passive participle describes the completed state that Asius did not find
σανίδαςdoorsσανίς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶnorκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμακρὸνlongμακρός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὀχῆαὀχῆαbarὀχεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶ - 122
but men held them spread open, in case they might save a companion
Metre
ἀλλἀναπεπταμένας‖ἔχονἀνέρεςεἴτινἑταίρων
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀναπεπταμέναςspread openἀναπετάννυμι · perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural femininecircumstantial complementἔχονheldἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀνέρεςmenἀνήρ · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἔχονεἴin caseεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτινanyτις · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of σαώσειανἑταίρωνcompanionἑταῖρος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τιν̓ - 123
fleeing from battle and bring him among the ships.
Metre
ἐκπολέμουφεύγοντα‖σαώσειανμετὰνῆας
ἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπολέμουbattleπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκφεύγονταfleeingφεύγω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementσαώσειανthey might saveσώζω · aorist active optative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to εἴμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionνῆαςthe shipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of μετὰ - 124
Straight there, with purpose fixed, he held his horses; his men followed
Metre
τῇἰθὺςφρονέων‖ἵππουςἔχετοὶἅμἕποντο
τῇthereτῇ · adverbobject of ἔχεῥthenἆρα · particlesentence particleἰθὺςstraightἰθύς · adverbadverbial to ἔχεφρονέωνpurpose fixedφρονέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔχεἵππουςhis horsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἔχεἔχεheldἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτοὶtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἕποντοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἅμwith himἅμα · adverbadverbial to ἕποντοἕποντοfollowedἕπομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 125
shouting sharply, for they cried, "The Achaeans will no longer
Metre
ὀξέακεκλήγοντες‖ἔφαντογὰροὐκἔτἈχαιοὺς
ὀξέαsharplyὀξύς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to κεκλήγοντεςκεκλήγοντεςshoutingκλάζω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἕποντοἔφαντοthey criedφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleοὐκnoοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἔτlongerἔτι · adverbadverbial to σχήσεσθ̓ἈχαιοὺςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἀλλ̓ - 126
hold back, but will fall upon the black ships."
Metre
σχήσεσθἀλλἐννηυσὶ‖μελαίνῃσινπεσέεσθαι
σχήσεσθwill hold backἔχω · future middle infinitiveobject of ἀλλ̓ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐνuponἐν · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐνμελαίνῃσινblackμέλας · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶπεσέεσθαιwill fallπίπτω · future middle infinitiveobject of ἀλλ̓ - 127
Fools: within the gates they found two men, the best,
Metre
νήπιοιἐνδὲπύλῃσι‖δύἀνέραςεὗρονἀρίστους
νήπιοιfoolsνήπιος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐνwithinἐν · prepositionprepositionδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπύλῃσιthe gatesπύλη · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐνδύtwoδύο · numeralmodifies ἀνέραςἀνέραςmenἀνήρ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ,εὗρονthey foundεὑρίσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀρίστουςbestἄριστος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνέρας - 128
high-hearted sons of the spear-fighting Lapiths:
Metre
υἷαςὑπερθύμους‖Λαπιθάωναἰχμητάων
υἷαςsonsυἱός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ,ὑπερθύμουςhigh-heartedὑπέρθυμος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies υἷαςΛαπιθάωνof the LapithsΛαπίθαι · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies αἰχμητάωναἰχμητάωνspear-fightingαἰχμητής · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies υἷας - 129
one was mighty Polypoetes, son of Pirithous,
Metre
τὸνμὲνΠειριθόου‖υἷακρατερὸνΠολυποίτην
τὸνoneὁ · accusative singular masculine articlemodifies υἷαμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleΠειριθόουof PirithousΠειρίθοος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἷαυἷαsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of δὲκρατερὸνmightyκρατερός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΠολυποίτηνΠολυποίτηνPolypoetesΠολυποίτης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of δὲ - 130
the other Leonteus, equal to Ares, bane of mortals.
Metre
τὸνδὲΛεοντῆα‖βροτολοιγῷἶσονἌρηϊ
τὸνthe otherὁ · accusative singular masculine articlemodifies Λεοντῆαδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΛεοντῆαLeonteusΛεοντεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of δὲβροτολοιγῷbane of mortalsβροτολοιγός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἄρηϊἶσονequalἴσος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΛεοντῆαἌρηϊto AresἌρης · dative singular masculine nounmodifies ἶσον - 131
The two stood there before the high gates
Metre
τὼμὲνἄραπροπάροιθε‖πυλάωνὑψηλάων
τὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of ἕστασανμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleπροπάροιθεbeforeπροπάροιθε · prepositionprepositionπυλάωνthe gatesπύλη · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to προπάροιθεὑψηλάωνhighὑψηλός · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies πυλάων - 132
like high-crested oaks upon the mountains,
Metre
ἕστασανὡςὅτετε‖δρύεςοὔρεσινὑψικάρηνοι
ἕστασανstoodἵστημι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὡςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτεeverτε · particlesentence particleδρύεςoaksδρῦς · nominative plural feminine nounsubjectοὔρεσινon mountainsὄρος · dative plural neuter nounadverbialὑψικάρηνοιhigh-crestedὑψικάρηνος · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies δρύες - 133
which withstand wind and rain through all their days,
Metre
αἵἄνεμονμίμνουσι‖καὶὑετὸνἤματαπάντα
αἵwhichὅς · nominative plural feminine pronounsubject of μίμνουσιτbothτε · particlesentence particleἄνεμονwindἄνεμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶμίμνουσιwithstandμίμνω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing δρύεςκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὑετὸνrainὑετός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἤματαdaysἦμαρ · accusative plural neuter nounadverbial to μίμνουσιπάνταall theirπᾶς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἤματα - 134
firmly bound by their great, far-reaching roots;
Metre
ῥίζῃσινμεγάλῃσι‖διηνεκέεσσἀραρυῖαι
ῥίζῃσινby rootsῥίζα · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἀραρυῖαιμεγάλῃσιgreatμέγας · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ῥίζῃσινδιηνεκέεσσfar-reachingδιηνεκής · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ῥίζῃσινἀραρυῖαιfirmly boundἀραρίσκω · perfect active participle, nominative plural femininemodifies αἵ - 135
so those two, trusting in their hands and strength,
Metre
ὣςἄρατὼχείρεσσι‖πεποιθότεςἠδὲβίηφι
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to μίμνονἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of δὲχείρεσσιtheir handsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἠδὲπεποιθότεςtrustingπείθω · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to μίμνονἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordβίηφιstrengthβία · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἠδὲ - 136
awaited great Asius as he came and did not flee.
Metre
μίμνονἐπερχόμενον‖μέγανἌσιονοὐδὲφέβοντο
μίμνονawaitedμίμνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐπερχόμενονas he cameἐπέρχομαι · present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementμέγανgreatμέγας · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἌσιονἌσιονAsiusἌσιος · nominative singular masculine nounobject of μίμνονφέβοντοdid not fleeφέβομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 137
His men went straight toward the well-built wall, holding dry oxhides
Metre
οἳἰθὺςπρὸςτεῖχος‖ἐΰδμητονβόαςαὔας
οἳhis menὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἔκιονδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἰθὺςstraightἰθύς · adverbadverbial to ἔκιονπρὸςtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionτεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of πρὸςἐΰδμητονwell-builtεὔδμητος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τεῖχοςβόαςoxhidesβοῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἀνασχόμενοιthe word literally means oxen but here names shields by their oxhide material
αὔαςdryαὖος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies βόας - 138
high above them, advancing with a great battle cry
Metre
ὑψόσἀνασχόμενοι‖ἔκιονμεγάλῳἀλαλητῷ
ὑψόσhigh aboveὑψόσε · adverbadverbial to ἀνασχόμενοιἀνασχόμενοιholdingἀνέχω · aorist participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἔκιονἔκιονadvancedκίω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbμεγάλῳgreatμέγας · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἀλαλητῷἀλαλητῷbattle cryἀλαλητός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἔκιον - 139
around lord Asius, Iamenus, and Orestes,
Metre
Ἄσιονἀμφὶἄνακτα‖καὶἸαμενὸνκαὶὈρέστην
ἌσιονAsiusἌσιος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to τεἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionἄνακταlordἄναξ · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἄσιονκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἸαμενὸνIamenusἸάμενος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to τεκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleὈρέστηνOrestesὈρέστης · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to τε - 140
Adamas son of Asius, Thoon, and Oenomaus.
Metre
ἈσιάδηνἈδάμαντα‖ΘόωνάτεΟἰνόμαόντε
Ἀσιάδηνson of AsiusἈσιάδης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀδάμαντατandτε · particlesentence particleἈδάμανταAdamasἈδάμας · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to τεΘόωνάThoonΘόων · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to τετεandτε · particlesentence particleΟἰνόμαόνOenomausΟἰνόμαος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 141
The two, while they still remained inside, were rousing the well-greaved Achaeans
Metre
οἳἤτοιεἷος‖μὲνἐϋκνήμιδαςἈχαιοὺς
οἳthe twoὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ὄρνυονδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleεἷοςwhileεἱ~ος · adverbadverbial to ὄρνυονμὲνstillμέν · particlesentence particleἐϋκνήμιδαςwell-greavedἐυκνήμις · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχαιοὺςἈχαιοὺςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ὄρνυον - 142
to defend the ships;
Metre
ὄρνυονἔνδονἐόντες‖ἀμύνεσθαιπερὶνηῶν
ὄρνυονroused themὄρνυμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἔνδονinsideἔνδον · adverbadverbial to ἐόντεςἐόντεςbeingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ὄρνυονἀμύνεσθαιto defendἀμύνω · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ὄρνυονπερὶforπερί · prepositionprepositionνηῶνthe shipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of περὶ - 143
but when they saw the Trojans rushing upon the wall
Metre
αὐτὰρἐπεὶδὴτεῖχος‖ἐπεσσυμένουςἐνόησαν
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴat lastδή · particlesentence particleτεῖχοςthe wallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐπεσσυμένουςἐπεσσυμένουςrushing uponἐπισεύω · present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complementἐνόησανthey sawνοέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἀτὰρ - 144
and a cry and rout arose among the Danaans,
Τρῶαςthe TrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐνόησανἀτὰρand thenἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordΔαναῶνamong the DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τεγένετοaroseγίγνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἀτὰρἰαχήa war cryἰαχή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τετεbothτε · particlesentence particleφόβοςpanicφόβος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 145
the two darted out and fought before the gates,
Metre
ἐκδὲτὼἀΐξαντε‖πυλάωνπρόσθεμαχέσθην
ἐκoutἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordτὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of μαχέσθηνἀΐξαντεdartingἀίσσω · aorist active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to μαχέσθηνπυλάωνthe gatesπύλη · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to πρόσθεπρόσθεbeforeπρόσθεν · prepositionprepositionμαχέσθηνkept fightingμάχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbthe verb and subject are dual: the two warriors fought together
- 146
like wild boars upon the mountains, which
Metre
ἀγροτέροισισύεσσιν‖ἐοικότετώἐνὄρεσσιν
ἀγροτέροισιwildἀγρότερος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies σύεσσινσύεσσινboarsὗς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐοικότεἐοικότεlikeἔοικα · perfect active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to μαχέσθηντώwhich twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of δέχαταιτhabituallyτε · particlesentence particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionὄρεσσινthe mountainsὄρος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐν - 147
meet the oncoming tumult of men and dogs,
Metre
ἀνδρῶνἠδὲκυνῶν‖δέχαταικολοσυρτὸνἰόντα
ἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἠδὲἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκυνῶνof dogsκύων · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἠδὲδέχαταιfaceδέχομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing δέκολοσυρτὸνthe tumultκολοσυρτός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of δέχαταιἰόνταcoming onεἶμι · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 148
charging sidewise and breaking the wood around them,
Metre
δοχμώἀΐσσοντε‖περὶσφίσινἄγνυτονὕλην
δοχμώsidewaysδοχμός · nominative dual masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementτandτε · particlesentence particleἀΐσσοντεchargingἀίσσω · present active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to ἄγνυτονπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionσφίσινthemselvesσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of περὶἄγνυτονthey breakἄγνυμι · present active indicative, 3rd dual verbverb of a clause describing δέὕληνthe woodὕλη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἄγνυτον - 149
cutting it down at the roots, while beneath rises the clatter of tusks,
Metre
πρυμνὴνἐκτάμνοντες‖ὑπαὶδέτεκόμποςὀδόντων
πρυμνὴνat the rootsπρυμνός · accusative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐκτάμνοντεςcutting downἐκτέμνω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἄγνυτονὑπαὶbeneathὑπό · prepositionemphasizing particleδέwhileδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεeverτε · particleemphasizing particleκόμποςthe clatterκόμπος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of γίγνεταιὀδόντωνof tusksὀδούς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies κόμπος - 150
until someone strikes and takes the life from one;
Metre
γίγνεταιεἰςὅκέτίς‖τεβαλὼνἐκθυμὸνἕληται
γίγνεταιarisesγίγνομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δέεἰςuntilεἰς · prepositionprepositionὅthe point whenὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to ἕληταικέmightἄν · particlesentence particleτίςsomeoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἕληταιτεin turnτε · particlesentence particleβαλὼνhaving struckβάλλω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἕληταιἐκawayἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleθυμὸνthe lifeθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἕληταιἕληταιtakesαἱρέω · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἰς - 151
so the bright bronze clattered upon their chests
Metre
ὣςτῶνκόμπειχαλκὸς‖ἐπὶστήθεσσιφαεινὸς
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to κόμπειτῶνtheirὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies χαλκὸςκόμπειclatteredκομπέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχαλκὸςthe bronzeχαλκός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κόμπειἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσιtheir chestsστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἐπὶφαεινὸςgleamingφαεινός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χαλκὸς - 152
as they were struck head-on; for they fought with all their strength,
Metre
ἄντηνβαλλομένων‖μάλαγὰρκρατερῶςἐμάχοντο
ἄντηνhead-onἄντην · adverbadverbial to βαλλομένωνβαλλομένωνas they were struckβάλλω · present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculinecircumstantial complementμάλαveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleκρατερῶςmightilyκρατερός · adverbadverbial to ἐμάχοντοἐμάχοντοthey foughtμάχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 153
trusting the men above them and their own force.
Metre
λαοῖσινκαθύπερθε‖πεποιθότεςἠδὲβίηφιν
λαοῖσινthe menλαός · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἠδὲκαθύπερθεaboveκαθύπερθε · adverbmodifies λαοῖσινπεποιθότεςtrusting inπείθω · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐμάχοντοἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordβίηφινtheir strengthβία · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἠδὲ - 154
Those men hurled stones down from the well-built towers,
Metre
οἳἄραχερμαδίοισιν‖ἐϋδμήτωνἀπὸπύργων
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of βάλλονδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραsoἄρα · particlesentence particleχερμαδίοισινwith handstonesχερμάδιον · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to βάλλονἐϋδμήτωνwell-builtεὔδμητος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies πύργωνἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionπύργωνthe towersπύργος · genitive plural masculine nounadverbial to ἀπὸ - 155
defending themselves, their huts,
Metre
βάλλονἀμυνόμενοι‖σφῶναὐτῶνκαὶκλισιάων
βάλλονkept hurlingβάλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀμυνόμενοιdefendingἀμύνω · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to βάλλονσφῶνthemselvesσφεῖς · genitive plural masculine pronounobject of τ̓τbothτε · particlesentence particleαὐτῶνtheir own selvesαὐτός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies σφῶνκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleκλισιάωνthe hutsκλισία · genitive plural feminine nounobject of τ̓ - 156
and the swift-running ships; the stones fell to earth like snowflakes
νηῶνthe shipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of τ̓τandτε · particlecoordinating wordὠκυπόρωνswift-sailingὠκύπορος · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηῶννιφάδεςlike snowflakesνιφάς · nominative plural feminine nounsubjectδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialπῖπτονthey fellπίπτω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἔραζεto earthἔραζε · adverbobject of πῖπτον - 157
that a raging wind, shaking the shadowed clouds,
Metre
ἅςἄνεμοςζαὴς‖νέφεασκιόενταδονήσας
ἅςwhichὅς · accusative plural feminine pronounobject of κατέχευεντoftenτε · particlesentence particleἄνεμοςa windἄνεμος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κατέχευενζαὴςragingζαής · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἄνεμοςνέφεαcloudsνέφος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of δονήσαςσκιόενταshadowyσκιόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies νέφεαδονήσαςhaving shakenδονέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κατέχευεν - 158
pours thick upon the all-nurturing earth;
Metre
ταρφειὰςκατέχευεν‖ἐπὶχθονὶπουλυβοτείρῃ
ταρφειὰςthickly clusteredταρφειός · accusative plural feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementκατέχευενpoured downκαταχεύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing νιφάδεςἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionχθονὶthe earthχθών · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπὶπουλυβοτείρῃall-nourishingπουλυβότειρα · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χθονὶ - 159
so missiles streamed from the hands of the Achaeans
Metre
ὣςτῶνἐκχειρῶν‖βέλεαῥέονἠμὲνἈχαιῶν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ῥέοντῶνtheirὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies χειρῶνἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionχειρῶνhandsχείρ · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἐκβέλεαmissilesβέλος · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of ῥέονῥέονstreamedῥέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἠμὲνboth fromἠμέν · conjunctionsentence particleἈχαιῶνthe AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies - 160
and from the Trojans as well; helmets rang hollow around them
ἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionΤρώωνthe TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifiesκόρυθεςhelmetsκόρυς · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of καὶδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀμφall aroundἀμφί · prepositionemphasizing particleαὖονhollowlyαὖος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀΰτευνἀΰτευνrangἀυτέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 161
under the pounding millstones, and bossed shields rang.
Metre
βαλλομένωνμυλάκεσσι‖καὶἀσπίδεςὀμφαλόεσσαι
βαλλομένωνas they were struckβάλλω · present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculinemodifies καὶμυλάκεσσιby millstonesμύλαξ · dative plural masculine nounobject of βαλλομένωνκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀσπίδεςshieldsἀσπίς · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of καὶὀμφαλόεσσαιbossedὀμφαλόεις · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἀσπίδες - 162
Then Asius groaned aloud and struck both thighs,
Metre
δήῥατότᾤμωξεν‖καὶὣπεπλήγετομηρὼ
δήthen indeedδή · particlesentence particleῥαsoἄρα · particlesentence particleτότat that momentτότε · adverbadverbial to καὶᾤμωξενgroaned aloudοἰμώζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleὣbothὅς · accusative dual masculine pronounmodifies μηρὼπεπλήγετοhe struckπλήσσω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμηρὼhis thighsμηρός · accusative dual masculine nounobject of πεπλήγετο - 163
Asius, son of Hyrtacus, and in fury spoke:
Metre
ἌσιοςὙρτακίδης‖καὶἀλαστήσαςἔποςηὔδα
ἌσιοςAsiusἌσιος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶὙρτακίδηςson of HyrtacusὙρτακίδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἄσιοςκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀλαστήσαςragingἀλαστέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ηὔδαἔποςa wordἔπος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ηὔδαηὔδαhe spokeαὐδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 164
"Father Zeus, now truly even you have proved a lover of lies,
Metre
Ζεῦπάτερἦῥάνυκαὶ‖σὺφιλοψευδὴςἐτέτυξο
ΖεῦZeusΖεύς · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headπάτερfatherπάτηρ · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies Ζεῦἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleῥάthenἄρα · particlesentence particleνυnowνῦν · adverbsentence particleκαὶevenκαί · conjunctionemphasizing particleσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of ἐτέτυξοφιλοψευδὴςa lover of liesφιλοψευδής · nominative singular masculine adjectivecomplement of ἐτέτυξοἐτέτυξοhave proved to beτεύχω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbpluperfect in form but functioning as a present state: 'you have turned out to be'
- 165
utterly so; for I never thought the Achaean heroes
Metre
πάγχυμάλοὐγὰρἔγωγ‖ἐφάμηνἥρωαςἈχαιοὺς
πάγχυutterlyπάγχυ · adverbadverbial to ἐτέτυξομάλindeedμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἔγωγi myselfἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐφάμηνἐφάμηνthoughtφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἥρωαςthe heroesἥρως · accusative plural masculine nounsubject of σχήσεινἈχαιοὺςAchaeanἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἥρωας - 166
would withstand our force and irresistible hands.
Metre
σχήσεινἡμέτερόν‖γεμένοςκαὶχεῖραςἀάπτους
σχήσεινwould withstandἔχω · future active infinitiveobject of ἐφάμηνἡμέτερόνourἡμέτερος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies μένοςγεat leastγε · particleemphasizing particleμένοςmightμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordχεῖραςhandsχείρ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶἀάπτουςirresistibleἄαπτος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies χεῖρας - 167
Yet like quick-waisted wasps or bees
Metre
οἳὥςτεσφῆκες‖μέσοναἰόλοιἠὲμέλισσαι
οἳyet theyὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐθέλουσιδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordὥςlikeὡς · adverbadverbial to δ̓τεasτε · particlesentence particleσφῆκεςwaspsσφήξ · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἠὲμέσονat the waistμέσος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to αἰόλοιαἰόλοιdartingαἰόλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies σφῆκεςἠὲorἠέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordμέλισσαιbeesμέλισσα · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἠὲ - 168
that make their homes beside a rugged road
Metre
οἰκίαποιήσωνται‖ὁδῷἔπιπαιπαλοέσσῃ
οἰκίαnestsοἰκίον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ποιήσωνταιποιήσωνταιmake for themselvesποιέω · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἀλλὰὁδῷa roadὁδός · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἔπιἔπιbesideἐπί · prepositionprepositionπαιπαλοέσσῃruggedπαιπαλόεις · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ὁδῷ - 169
and do not abandon their hollow house, but remain
Metre
οὐδἀπολείπουσιν‖κοῖλονδόμονἀλλὰμένοντες
ἀπολείπουσινdo not abandonἀπολείπω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἀλλὰκοῖλονhollowκοῖλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δόμονδόμονhomeδόμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀπολείπουσινἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordμένοντεςremainingμένω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἀμύνονται - 170
to defend their young against hunting men,
Metre
ἄνδραςθηρητῆρας‖ἀμύνονταιπερὶτέκνων
ἄνδραςmenἀνήρ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἀμύνονταιθηρητῆραςhuntersθηρατήρ · accusative plural masculine nounmodifies ἄνδραςἀμύνονταιthey fend offἀμύνω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἀλλὰπερὶforπερί · prepositionprepositionτέκνωνtheir youngτέκνον · genitive plural neuter nounobject of περὶ - 171
so these two, though only two, will not draw back from the gates
Metre
ὣςοἵοὐκἐθέλουσι‖πυλάωνκαὶδύἐόντε
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐθέλουσιοἵthese twoὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐθέλουσιγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἐθέλουσιare willingἐθέλω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπυλάωνfrom the gatesπύλη · genitive plural feminine nounobject of χάσσασθαικαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleδύtwoδύο · numeralpredicate nounἐόντεthough beingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to ἐθέλουσι - 172
until they kill or are taken."
Metre
χάσσασθαιπρίνἠὲ‖κατακτάμενἠὲἁλῶναι
χάσσασθαιto withdrawχάζω · aorist middle infinitiveobject of ἐθέλουσιπρίνbeforeπρίν · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἠὲeitherἠέ · conjunctionsentence particleκατακτάμενkillingκατακτείνω · aorist active infinitiveadverbial to ἠὲἠὲorἠέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἁλῶναιbeing capturedἁλίσκομαι · aorist active infinitiveadverbial to ἠὲ - 173
So he spoke, but saying this did not persuade the mind of Zeus;
Metre
ὣςἔφατοὐδὲΔιὸς‖πεῖθεφρέναταῦτἀγορεύων
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies φρέναπεῖθεhe did not persuadeπείθω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφρέναthe mindφρήν · accusative plural neuter nounobject of πεῖθεταῦτthese thingsοὗτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἀγορεύωνἀγορεύωνby sayingἀγορεύω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to πεῖθε - 174
for the heart of Zeus wished to grant glory to Hector.
Metre
Ἕκτοριγάροἱθυμὸς‖ἐβούλετοκῦδοςὀρέξαι
Ἕκτοριto HectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of ὀρέξαιγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies θυμὸςθυμὸςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐβούλετοἐβούλετοwishedβούλομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ὀρέξαιὀρέξαιto grantὀρέγω · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἐβούλετο - 175
Others fought their battle around the other gates;
Metre
ἄλλοιἀμφἄλλῃσι‖μάχηνἐμάχοντοπύλῃσιν
ἄλλοιothersἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἐμάχοντοδmeanwhileδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀμφaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionἄλλῃσιthe otherἄλλος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies πύλῃσινμάχηνbattleμάχη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐμάχοντοἐμάχοντοwere fightingμάχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπύλῃσινgatesπύλη · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἀμφ̓ - 176
hard would it be for me to tell all these things like a god,
ἀργαλέονdifficultἀργαλέος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounδέbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordμεfor meἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀγορεῦσαιταῦταthese thingsοὗτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἀγορεῦσαιθεὸνa godθεός · accusative singular masculine nounsubjectὣςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialπάντallπᾶς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ταῦταἀγορεῦσαιto recountἀγορεύω · aorist active infinitivesubject - 177
for everywhere around the stone wall a wondrous blaze had risen;
Metre
πάντῃγὰρπερὶτεῖχος‖ὀρώρειθεσπιδαὲςπῦρ
πάντῃeverywhereπάντῃ · adverbadverbial to ὀρώρειγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionτεῖχοςthe wallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to περὶὀρώρειhad risenὄρνυμι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθεσπιδαὲςdivinely blazingθεσπιδαής · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πῦρπῦρfireπῦρ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ὀρώρει - 178
and the Argives, though grieving, were forced
Metre
λάϊνονἈργεῖοι‖δὲκαὶἀχνύμενοίπερἀνάγκῃ
λάϊνονstone-builtλάινος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τεῖχοςἈργεῖοιthe ArgivesἈργεῖος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἠμύνοντοδὲbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἀχνύμενοίgrievingἀχεύω · present passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἠμύνοντοπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἀνάγκῃunder compulsionἀνάγκη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἠμύνοντο - 179
to defend the ships; and the gods were grieved at heart,
Metre
νηῶνἠμύνοντο‖θεοὶἀκαχήατοθυμὸν
νηῶνthe shipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἠμύνοντοἠμύνοντοdefendedἀμύνω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbθεοὶthe godsθεός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἀκαχήατοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀκαχήατοwere grievedἀχεύω · pluperfect passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbθυμὸνat heartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀκαχήατο - 180
all those who stood beside the Danaans in battle.
Metre
πάντεςὅσοιΔαναοῖσι‖μάχηςἐπιτάρροθοιἦσαν
πάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοὶὅσοιas many asὅσος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἦσανΔαναοῖσιfor the DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἦσανμάχηςin battleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἐπιτάρροθοιἐπιτάρροθοιhelpersἐπιτάρροθος · nominative plural masculine nounpredicate nounἦσανwereεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing θεοὶ - 181
Then the Lapiths joined battle and deadly strife.
Metre
σὺνἔβαλονΛαπίθαι‖πόλεμονκαὶδηϊοτῆτα
σὺνtogetherσύν · prepositionemphasizing particleδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔβαλονjoinedβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbΛαπίθαιthe LapithsΛαπίθαι · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἔβαλονπόλεμονwarπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordδηϊοτῆταbattle strifeδηιοτής · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶ - 182
There mighty Polypoetes, son of Pirithous,
Metre
ἔνθαὖΠειριθόου‖υἱὸςκρατερὸςΠολυποίτης
ἔνθthereἔνθα · adverbsentence particleαὖin turnαὖ · adverbsentence particleΠειριθόουof PirithousΠειρίθοος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸςυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectκρατερὸςmightyκρατερός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΠολυποίτηςΠολυποίτηςPolypoetesΠολυποίτης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 183
struck Damasus with his spear through the bronze-cheeked helmet;
Metre
δουρὶβάλενΔάμασον‖κυνέηςδιὰχαλκοπαρῄου
δουρὶwith his spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to βάλενβάλενstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΔάμασονDamasusΔάμασος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of βάλενκυνέηςthe helmetκυνέη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of διὰδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionχαλκοπαρῄουbronze-cheekedχαλκοπάρῃος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies κυνέης - 184
the bronze helmet did not stop it, but straight through
Metre
οὐδἄραχαλκείη‖κόρυςἔσχεθενἀλλὰδιὰπρὸ
ἄραindeedἄρα · particlesentence particleχαλκείηbronzeχάλκειος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κόρυςκόρυςthe helmetκόρυς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔσχεθενἔσχεθενdid not stop itἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionπρὸright onwardπρό · prepositionemphasizing particlepreverb separated from the next verb by tmesis, intensifying 'broke right through'
- 185
the bronze point broke the bone, and all the brain
Metre
αἰχμὴχαλκείη‖ῥῆξὀστέονἐγκέφαλοςδὲ
αἰχμὴthe spearpointαἰχμή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ῥῆξ̓χαλκείηbronzeχάλκειος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies αἰχμὴῥῆξbrokeῥήγνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὀστέονthe boneὀστέον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of διὰἐγκέφαλοςthe brainἐγκέφαλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πεπάλακτοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating word - 186
within was spattered; and he brought him down as he charged.
Metre
ἔνδονἅπαςπεπάλακτο‖δάμασσεδέμινμεμαῶτα
ἔνδονwithinἔνδον · adverbadverbial to πεπάλακτοἅπαςallἅπας · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἐγκέφαλοςπεπάλακτοwas spatteredπαλάσσω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδάμασσεhe subduedδαμάζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of δάμασσεμεμαῶταas he chargedμέμαα · perfect active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 187
Then he slew and stripped Pylon and Ormenus.
Metre
αὐτὰρἔπειταΠύλωνα‖καὶὌρμενονἐξενάριξεν
αὐτὰρthenἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἔπειταnextἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἐξενάριξενΠύλωναPylonΠύλων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὌρμενονOrmenusὌρμενος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἐξενάριξενslew and strippedἐξεναρίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 188
Then Leonteus, scion of Ares, struck the son of Antimachus—
υἱὸνthe sonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἈντιμάχοιοof AntimachusἈντίμαχος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνΛεοντεὺςLeonteusΛεοντεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectὄζοςscionὄζος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἌρηοςof AresἌρης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ὄζος - 189
Hippomachus—with his spear, hitting him at the belt.
Metre
Ἱππόμαχονβάλεδουρὶ‖κατὰζωστῆρατυχήσας
ἹππόμαχονHippomachusἹππόμαχος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectβάλεstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδουρὶwith his spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to βάλεκατὰatκατά · prepositionprepositionζωστῆραthe beltζωστήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κατὰτυχήσαςhittingτυγχάνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βάλε - 190
Again he drew his sharp sword from its sheath,
Metre
αὖτιςἐκκολεοῖο‖ἐρυσσάμενοςξίφοςὀξὺ
αὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbsentence particleδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionκολεοῖοthe sheathκολεόν · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἐκἐρυσσάμενοςhaving drawnἐρύω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to πλῆξ̓ξίφοςhis swordξίφος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐρυσσάμενοςὀξὺsharpὀξύς · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ξίφος - 191
then springing through the throng first at Antiphates,
Metre
Ἀντιφάτηνμὲνπρῶτον‖ἐπαΐξαςδιὁμίλου
ἈντιφάτηνAntiphatesἈντιφάτης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of πλῆξ̓μὲνfirstμέν · particlesentence particleπρῶτονfirstπρῶτος · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐπαΐξαςspringing atἐπαίσσω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to πλῆξ̓διthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionὁμίλουthe throngὅμιλος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of δἰ - 192
struck him hand to hand; he fell backward on the ground.
Metre
πλῆξαὐτοσχεδίην‖ὃἄρὕπτιοςοὔδειἐρείσθη
πλῆξhe struckπλήσσω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαὐτοσχεδίηνat close quartersαὐτοσχέδιος · accusative singular feminine adjectiveadverbial to πλῆξ̓ὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐρείσθηδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρsoἄρα · particlesentence particleὕπτιοςbackwardὕπτιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementοὔδειon the groundοὖδας · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἐρείσθηἐρείσθηcollapsedἐρείδω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 193
Then Menon and Iamenus and Orestes
Metre
αὐτὰρἔπειταΜένωνα‖καὶἸαμενὸνκαὶὈρέστην
αὐτὰρthenἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἔπειταnextἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to πέλασεΜένωναMenonΜένων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶbothκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἸαμενὸνIamenusἸαμενός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὈρέστηνOrestesὈρέστης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶ - 194
all one after another he laid upon the all-nurturing earth.
Metre
πάνταςἐπασσυτέρους‖πέλασεχθονὶπουλυβοτείρῃ
πάνταςallπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies καὶἐπασσυτέρουςone after anotherἐπασσύτερος · accusative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπέλασεhe laidπελάζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχθονὶupon the earthχθών · dative singular feminine nounobject of πέλασεπουλυβοτείρῃall-nourishingπουλυβότειρα · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χθονὶ - 195
While they were stripping the gleaming armor from those men,
Metre
ὄφροἳτοὺςἐνάριζον‖ἀπἔντεαμαρμαίροντα
ὄφρwhileὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐνάριζοντοὺςthose menὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ἐνάριζονἐνάριζονwere strippingἐναρίζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὄφῤἀπoffἀπό · prepositionemphasizing particleἔντεαthe armorἔντεα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐνάριζονμαρμαίρονταgleamingμαρμαίρω · present active participle, accusative plural neutermodifies ἔντεα - 196
the youths who followed Polydamas and Hector
Metre
τόφροἳΠουλυδάμαντι‖καὶἝκτορικοῦροιἕποντο
τόφρmeanwhileτόφρα · adverbadverbial to μερμήριζονοἳwhoὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἕποντοΠουλυδάμαντιPolydamasΠουλυδάμας · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἝκτοριHectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκοῦροιthe youthsκοῦρος · nominative plural masculine nouncircumstantial complementἕποντοfollowedἕπομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing οἵ - 197
the most numerous and best, and the most eager
Metre
οἳπλεῖστοικαὶἄριστοι‖ἔσανμέμασανδὲμάλιστα
οἳwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of δὲπλεῖστοιmost numerousπλεῖστος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄριστοιbestἄριστος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounἔσανwereεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing δὲμέμασανwere eagerμέμαα · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing δὲδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμάλισταmost of allμάλιστα · adverbadverbial to μέμασαν - 198
to break the wall and burn the ships with fire,
τεῖχόςthe wallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ῥήξειντεbothτε · particlesentence particleῥήξεινto breachῥήγνυμι · future active infinitiveobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐνιπρήσεινto set ablazeἐμπρήθω · future active infinitiveobject of καὶπυρὶwith fireπῦρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐνιπρήσειννῆαςthe shipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνιπρήσειν - 199
were still pondering as they stood beside the trench.
Metre
οἵἔτιμερμήριζον‖ἐφεσταότεςπαρὰτάφρῳ
οἵtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of μερμήριζονῥindeedἆρα · particlesentence particleἔτιstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to μερμήριζονμερμήριζονwere ponderingμερμηρίζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐφεσταότεςstandingἐφίστημι · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to μερμήριζονπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionτάφρῳthe trenchτάφρος · dative singular feminine nounobject of παρὰ - 200
For a bird had come upon them as they pressed on to cross:
Metre
ὄρνιςγάρσφινἐπῆλθε‖περησέμεναιμεμαῶσιν
ὄρνιςa birdὄρνις · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleσφινupon themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἐπῆλθεἐπῆλθεcameἐπέρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπερησέμεναιto crossπεράω · future active infinitiveobject of μεμαῶσινμεμαῶσινas they pressed onμέμαα · perfect active participle, dative plural masculinecircumstantial complement - 201
a high-flying eagle, keeping the host upon its left,
Metre
αἰετὸςὑψιπέτης‖ἐπἀριστερὰλαὸνἐέργων
αἰετὸςan eagleἀετός · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectὑψιπέτηςhigh-flyingὑψιπέτης · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies αἰετὸςἐπonἐπί · prepositionprepositionἀριστερὰthe leftἀριστερός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐπ̓λαὸνthe hostλαός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐέργωνἐέργωνkeepingἔργω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐπῆλθε - 202
carrying in its talons a monstrous blood-red snake,
Metre
φοινήενταδράκοντα‖φέρωνὀνύχεσσιπέλωρον
φοινήενταblood-redφοινήεις · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δράκονταδράκονταa snakeδράκων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of φέρωνφέρωνcarryingφέρω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐπῆλθεὀνύχεσσιin its talonsὄνυξ · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to φέρωνπέλωρονmonstrousπέλωρος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies - 203
still alive and writhing; nor had it yet forgotten battle,
Metre
ζωὸνἔτἀσπαίροντα‖καὶοὔπωλήθετοχάρμης
ζωὸνaliveζωός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifiesἔτstillἔτι · adverbemphasizing particleἀσπαίρονταwrithingἀσπαίρω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinemodifiesκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleπωyetπω · particlesentence particleλήθετοhad forgottenλανθάνω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχάρμηςbattleχάρμη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of λήθετο - 204
for it bent backward and struck its captor on the breast beside the neck.
Metre
κόψεγὰραὐτὸνἔχοντα‖κατὰστῆθοςπαρὰδειρὴν
κόψεit struckκόπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleαὐτὸνits captorαὐτός · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of κόψεἔχονταholding itἔχω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementκατὰonκατά · prepositionprepositionστῆθοςthe breastστῆθος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of κατὰπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionδειρὴνthe neckδειρή · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to παρὰ - 205
The eagle let it fall away from itself to the ground,
ἰδνωθεὶςbending backἰδνόομαι · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κόψεὀπίσωbackwardὀπίσω · adverbadverbial to ἰδνωθεὶςὃthe eagleὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἧκεδthenδέ · particlesentence particleἀπὸaway fromἀπό · prepositionprepositionἕθενitselfἕ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of ἀπὸἧκεlet it fallἵημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχαμᾶζεto the groundχαμᾶζε · adverbobject of ἧκε - 206
tormented by pain, and dropped it in the midst of the throng,
Metre
ἀλγήσαςὀδύνῃσι‖μέσῳἐνὶκάββαλὁμίλῳ
ἀλγήσαςin painἀλγέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἧκεὀδύνῃσιfrom pangsὀδύνη · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἀλγήσαςμέσῳin the middleμέσος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὁμίλῳδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐνὶwithinἐν · prepositionprepositionκάββαλdropped itκαταβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὁμίλῳthe throngὅμιλος · dative singular masculine nounobject of κάββαλ̓ - 207
then flew away with a cry upon the blasts of wind.
Metre
αὐτὸςδὲκλάγξας‖πέτετοπνοιῇςἀνέμοιο
αὐτὸςitselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementδὲthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordκλάγξαςcrying aloudκλάζω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to πέτετοπέτετοflew awayπέτομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπνοιῇςon the gustsπνοή · dative plural feminine nounobject of πέτετοἀνέμοιοof windἄνεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πνοιῇς - 208
The Trojans shuddered when they saw the glinting snake
Τρῶεςthe TrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἐρρίγησανδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐρρίγησανshudderedῥιγέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὅπωςwhenὅπως · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἴδονthey sawεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ὅπωςαἰόλονglintingαἰόλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὄφινὄφινthe snakeὄφις · accusative singular masculine nounobject - 209
lying in their midst, a portent of aegis-bearing Zeus.
Metre
κείμενονἐνμέσσοισι‖Διὸςτέραςαἰγιόχοιο
κείμενονlyingκεῖμαι · present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionμέσσοισιtheir midstμέσος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐνΔιὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies τέραςτέραςa portentτέρας · accusative singular neuter nounobjectαἰγιόχοιοaegis-bearingαἰγίοχος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Διὸς - 210
Then Polydamas stood beside bold Hector and said:
Metre
δὴτότεΠουλυδάμας‖θρασὺνἝκτοραεἶπεπαραστάς
δὴthen indeedδή · particlesentence particleτότεat that timeτότε · adverbadverbial to εἶπεΠουλυδάμαςPolydamasΠουλυδάμας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εἶπεθρασὺνboldθρασύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτοραἝκτοραHectorἝκτωρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εἶπεεἶπεaddressedεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπαραστάςstanding beside himπαρίστημι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἶπε - 211
"Hector, somehow you always rebuke me in the assemblies
Metre
Ἕκτορἀεὶμένπώς‖μοιἐπιπλήσσειςἀγορῇσιν
ἝκτορHectorἝκτωρ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἀεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἐπιπλήσσειςμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleπώςsomehowπῶς · adverbadverbial to ἐπιπλήσσειςμοιmeἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπιπλήσσειςἐπιπλήσσειςyou rebukeἐπιπλήσσω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἀγορῇσινin assembliesἀγορά · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐπιπλήσσεις - 212
when I devise good counsel, since it is indeed not fitting
Metre
ἐσθλὰφραζομένῳ‖ἐπεὶοὐδὲμὲνοὐδὲἔοικε
ἐσθλὰgood counselἐσθλός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of φραζομένῳφραζομένῳdevising, planningφράζω · present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὐδὲnotοὐδέ · adverbemphasizing particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleοὐδὲevenοὐδέ · adverbemphasizing particleἔοικεis fittingἔοικα · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δὲ - 213
for one of the people to speak against you, whether in council
Metre
δῆμονἐόνταπαρὲξ‖ἀγορευέμενοὔτἐνὶβουλῇ
δῆμονa commonerδῆμος · accusative singular masculine nounpredicate nounἐόνταbeingεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculinesubject of δὲπαρὲξcontrary to youπαρέξ · adverbadverbial to ἀγορευέμενἀγορευέμενto speakἀγορεύω · present active infinitiveobject of ἔοικεἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionβουλῇcouncilβουλή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνὶ - 214
or ever in war, but always to increase your power.
Metre
οὔτέποτἐνπολέμῳ‖σὸνδὲκράτοςαἰὲνἀέξειν
οὔτέnorοὔτε · adverbcoordinating wordποτeverποτέ · particlesentence particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionπολέμῳwarπόλεμος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνσὸνyourσός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κράτοςδὲbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordκράτοςpowerκράτος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀέξειναἰὲνalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἀέξεινἀέξεινto increaseἀέξω · present active infinitiveobject - 215
Yet now again I will say what seems to me to be best:
Metre
νῦναὖτἐξερέω‖ὥςμοιδοκεῖεἶναιἄριστα
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἐξερέωαὖτagainαὖτε · adverbsentence particleἐξερέωi will declareἐξερέω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbὥςasὡς · conjunctionadverbial to δοκεῖμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of δοκεῖδοκεῖit seemsδοκέω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐξερέωεἶναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of δοκεῖἄρισταbestἄριστος · nominative plural neuter adjectivepredicate noun - 216
let us not go to fight the Danaans beside their ships.
Metre
μὴἴομενΔαναοῖσι‖μαχησόμενοιπερὶνηῶν
μὴnotμή · particleemphasizing particleἴομενlet us goεἶμι · present active subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbΔαναοῖσιthe DanaansΔαναοί · dative plural masculine nounobject of μαχησόμενοιμαχησόμενοιto fightμάχομαι · future middle participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἴομενπερὶbesideπερί · prepositionprepositionνηῶνthe shipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of περὶ - 217
For this is how I think it will be fulfilled, if truly
Metre
ὧδεγὰρἐκτελέεσθαι‖ὀΐομαιεἰἐτεόνγε
ὧδεin this wayὧδε · adverbadverbial to ἐκτελέεσθαιγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐκτελέεσθαιwill be fulfilledἐκτελέω · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ὀΐομαιὀΐομαιi thinkοἴομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbεἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἐτεόνtrulyἐτεός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἦλθεγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particle - 218
this bird came upon the Trojans as they pressed on to cross:
Metre
Τρωσὶνὅδὄρνιςἦλθε‖περησέμεναιμεμαῶσιν
Τρωσὶνupon the TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἦλθεὅδthisὅδε · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies ὄρνιςὄρνιςbirdὄρνις · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἦλθεcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἰπερησέμεναιto crossπεράω · future active infinitiveobject of μεμαῶσινμεμαῶσινas they pressed onμέμαα · perfect active participle, dative plural masculinecircumstantial complement - 219
a high-flying eagle, keeping the host upon its left,
Metre
αἰετὸςὑψιπέτης‖ἐπἀριστερὰλαὸνἐέργων
αἰετὸςan eagleἀετός · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectὑψιπέτηςhigh-flyingὑψιπέτης · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies αἰετὸςἐπonἐπί · prepositionprepositionἀριστερὰthe leftἀριστερός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐπ̓λαὸνthe hostλαός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐέργωνἐέργωνkeepingἔργω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἦλθε - 220
carrying in its talons a monstrous blood-red snake,
Metre
φοινήενταδράκοντα‖φέρωνὀνύχεσσιπέλωρον
φοινήενταblood-redφοινήεις · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δράκονταδράκονταa snakeδράκων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of φέρωνφέρωνcarryingφέρω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἦλθεὀνύχεσσιin its talonsὄνυξ · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to φέρωνπέλωρονmonstrousπέλωρος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies - 221
alive; but at once it let the snake go before reaching its dear home,
Metre
ζωόνἄφαρἀφέηκε‖πάροςφίλαοἰκίἱκέσθαι
ζωόνaliveζωός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifiesἄφαρat onceἄφαρ · adverbadverbial to ἀφέηκεδbutδέ · particlesentence particleἀφέηκεit released itἀφίημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπάροςbeforeπάρος · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionφίλαits dearφίλος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies οἰκί̓οἰκίhomeοἰκίον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἱκέσθαιἱκέσθαιreachingἱκνέομαι · aorist middle infinitiveadverbial to πάρος - 222
nor did it bring its burden home and give it to its young.
Metre
οὐδἐτέλεσσεφέρων‖δόμεναιτεκέεσσινἑοῖσιν
ἐτέλεσσεdid not accomplishτελέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφέρωνcarrying itφέρω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐτέλεσσεδόμεναιto giveδίδωμι · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἐτέλεσσετεκέεσσινto its youngτέκος · dative plural neuter nounobject of δόμεναιἑοῖσινits ownἑός · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεκέεσσιν - 223
So too with us: even if we break the Achaeans' gates and wall
Metre
ὣςἡμεῖςεἴπέρ‖τεπύλαςκαὶτεῖχοςἈχαιῶν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐλευσόμεθ̓ἡμεῖςweἐγώ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐλευσόμεθ̓εἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπέρevenπέρ · particleemphasizing particleτεbothτε · particlesentence particleπύλαςthe gatesπύλη · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordτεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies καὶ - 224
with our great strength, and the Achaeans yield,
Metre
ῥηξόμεθασθένεϊ‖μεγάλῳεἴξωσιἈχαιοί
ῥηξόμεθαwe break throughῥήγνυμι · aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to δ̓σθένεϊwith strengthσθένος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ῥηξόμεθαμεγάλῳgreatμέγας · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies σθένεϊεἴξωσιyieldεἴκω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to δ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἈχαιοίthe AchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of εἴξωσι - 225
we will not return from the ships in good order by the same paths.
Metre
οὐκόσμῳπαρὰναῦφιν‖ἐλευσόμεθαὐτὰκέλευθα
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleκόσμῳin good orderκόσμος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐλευσόμεθ̓παρὰfrom besideπαρά · prepositionprepositionναῦφινthe shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of παρὰἐλευσόμεθwe will returnἔρχομαι · future middle indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbαὐτὰthe sameαὐτός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies κέλευθακέλευθαpathsκέλευθος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐλευσόμεθ̓ - 226
For we will leave many Trojans behind, whom the Achaeans
Metre
πολλοὺςγὰρΤρώων‖καταλείψομενοὕςκενἈχαιοὶ
πολλοὺςmanyπολύς · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of καταλείψομενγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleΤρώωνof the TrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies πολλοὺςκαταλείψομενwe will leave behindκαταλείπω · future active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbοὕςwhomὅς · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of δῃώσωσινκενmayἄν · particlesentence particleἈχαιοὶthe AchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of δῃώσωσιν - 227
will cut down with bronze as they defend their ships.
Metre
χαλκῷδῃώσωσιν‖ἀμυνόμενοιπερὶνηῶν
χαλκῷwith bronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to δῃώσωσινδῃώσωσινcut downδηιόω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing πολλοὺςἀμυνόμενοιwhile defendingἀμύνω · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to δῃώσωσινπερὶforπερί · prepositionprepositionνηῶνthe shipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of περὶ - 228
So would a seer interpret it, one who knew clearly in his heart
Metre
ὧδέὑποκρίναιτο‖θεοπρόποςὃςσάφαθυμῷ
ὧδέthusὧδε · adverbadverbial to ὑποκρίναιτοχwouldἄν · particlesentence particleὑποκρίναιτοinterpret itὑποκρίνομαι · aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθεοπρόποςa seerθεοπρόπος · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of ὑποκρίναιτοὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἰδείησάφαclearlyσάφα · adverbadverbial to εἰδείηθυμῷin his heartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to εἰδείη - 229
the meaning of portents, and whom the people obeyed."
Metre
εἰδείητεράων‖καίοἱπειθοίατολαοί
εἰδείηunderstoodοἶδα · perfect active optative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καίτεράωνportentsτέρας · genitive plural neuter nounobject of εἰδείηκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of πειθοίατοπειθοίατοwould obeyπείθω · present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing καίλαοίthe peopleλαός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of πειθοίατο - 230
Then, glaring at him from under his brows, Hector of the flashing helm spoke:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηδthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρsoἄρα · particlesentence particleὑπόδραfrom under his browsὑπόδρα · adverbadverbial to ἰδὼνἰδὼνglaring atεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηaddressedπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκορυθαίολοςwith flashing helmκορυθαίολος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 231
"Polydamas, what you say no longer pleases me.
Metre
Πουλυδάμασὺμὲνοὐκ‖ἔτἐμοὶφίλαταῦτἀγορεύεις
ΠουλυδάμαPolydamasΠουλυδάμας · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of ἀγορεύειςμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἔτany longerἔτι · adverbadverbial to ἀγορεύειςἐμοὶto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of φίλαφίλαpleasing thingsφίλος · accusative plural neuter adjectivecircumstantial complementταῦτthese thingsοὗτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἀγορεύειςἀγορεύειςyou sayἀγορεύω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 232
you know how to devise another speech better than this.
Metre
οἶσθακαὶἄλλονμῦθον‖ἀμείνονατοῦδενοῆσαι
οἶσθαyou know howοἶδα · perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἄλλονanotherἄλλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies μῦθονμῦθονspeechμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of νοῆσαιἀμείνοναbetterἀμείνων · accusative singular masculine comparative adjectivemodifies μῦθοντοῦδεthan thisὅδε · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies ἀμείνονανοῆσαιto deviseνοέω · aorist active infinitiveobject of οἶσθα - 233
But if you truly speak this in sober earnest,
Metre
εἰἐτεὸνδὴτοῦτον‖ἀπὸσπουδῆςἀγορεύεις
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐτεὸνtrulyἐτεός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀγορεύειςδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleτοῦτονthis speechοὗτος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἀγορεύειςἀπὸinἀπό · prepositionprepositionσπουδῆςearnestσπουδή · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀπὸἀγορεύειςyou speakἀγορεύω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to εἰ - 234
then the gods themselves have destroyed your wits.
Metre
ἐξἄραδήτοιἔπειτα‖θεοὶφρέναςὤλεσαναὐτοί
ἐξutterlyἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleἄραthenἄρος · accusative plural neuter nounsentence particleδήindeedδή · particlesentence particleτοιyourσύ · dative singular pronounmodifies φρέναςἔπειταthereuponἔπειτα · adverbsentence particleθεοὶthe godsθεός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ὤλεσανφρέναςwitsφρήν · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ὤλεσανὤλεσανdestroyedὄλλυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbαὐτοίthemselvesαὐτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 235
You bid me forget the counsels of loud-thundering Zeus,
Metre
ὃςκέλεαιΖηνὸς‖μὲνἐριγδούποιολαθέσθαι
ὃςyou whoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of κέλεαικέλεαιcommandκέλομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verbverb of a clause describing τοιΖηνὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies βουλέωνμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐριγδούποιοloud-thunderingἐρίγδουπος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ζηνὸςλαθέσθαιto forgetλανθάνω · aorist infinitiveobject of κέλεαι - 236
which he himself promised me and confirmed with a nod.
βουλέωνthe counselsβουλή · genitive plural feminine nounobject of λαθέσθαιἅςwhichὅς · accusative plural feminine pronounobject of καὶτέbothτε · particlesentence particleμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of καὶαὐτὸςhe himselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementὑπέσχετοpromisedὑπέχω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκατένευσεconfirmed with a nodκατανεύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing καὶ - 237
Yet you command me to obey long-winged birds,
τύνηyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of κελεύειςδyetδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἰωνοῖσιbirds of omenοἰωνός · dative plural masculine nounobject of πείθεσθαιτανυπτερύγεσσιlong-wingedτανυπτέρυξ · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies οἰωνοῖσικελεύειςcommandκελεύω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 238
which I neither regard nor care about,
Metre
πείθεσθαιτῶνοὔ‖τιμετατρέπομοὐδἀλεγίζω
πείθεσθαιme to obeyπείθω · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of κελεύειςτῶνwhichὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounobject of δ̓οὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to μετατρέπομ̓μετατρέπομi heedμετατρέπομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓ἀλεγίζωnor care aboutἀλεγίζω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓ - 239
whether they fly to the right, toward dawn and the sun,
Metre
εἴτἐπὶδεξίἴωσι‖πρὸςἠῶἠέλιόντε
εἴτwhetherεἴτε · adverbsentence particleἐπὶtowardἐπί · prepositionprepositionδεξίthe rightδεξιός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἐπὶἴωσιthey goεἰμί · present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to εἴτ̓πρὸςtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionἠῶdawnἠώς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of τετbothτε · particlesentence particleἠέλιόνthe sunἠέλιος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 240
or to the left, toward the misty darkness.
Metre
εἴτἐπἀριστερὰτοί‖γεποτὶζόφονἠερόεντα
εἴτor whetherεἴτε · adverbcoordinating wordἐπtowardἐπί · prepositionprepositionἀριστερὰthe leftἀριστερός · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ἐπ̓τοίtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubjectγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleποτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionζόφονthe west's darknessζόφος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ποτὶἠερόενταmistyἠερόεις · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ζόφον - 241
Let us obey the counsel of great Zeus,
ἡμεῖςweἐγώ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of πειθώμεθαδὲbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordμεγάλοιοgreatμέγας · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΔιὸςΔιὸςZeus'sΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies βουλῇπειθώμεθαlet us obeyπείθω · present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbβουλῇcounselβουλή · dative singular feminine nounobject of πειθώμεθα - 242
who rules over all mortals and immortals.
Metre
ὃςπᾶσιθνητοῖσι‖καὶἀθανάτοισινἀνάσσει
ὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀνάσσειπᾶσιallπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies καὶθνητοῖσιmortalsθνητός · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀθανάτοισινimmortalsἀθάνατος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of καὶἀνάσσειrules overἀνάσσω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Διὸς - 243
One omen is best: to fight for one's country.
Metre
εἷςοἰωνὸςἄριστος‖ἀμύνεσθαιπερὶπάτρης
εἷςoneεἷς · numeralmodifies οἰωνὸςοἰωνὸςomenοἰωνός · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἄριστοςbestἄριστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἀμύνεσθαιto fightἀμύνω · present medio-passive infinitivesubjectπερὶforπερί · prepositionprepositionπάτρηςone's fatherlandπάτρη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of περὶ - 244
Why do you fear war and battle?
Metre
τίπτεσὺδείδοικας‖πόλεμονκαὶδηϊοτῆτα
τίπτεwhyτίπτε · pronounadverbial to δείδοικαςσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of δείδοικαςδείδοικαςdo you fearδείδω · perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbπόλεμονwarπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordδηϊοτῆταbattle strifeδηιοτής · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶ - 245
Even if all the rest of us are killed
Metre
εἴπεργάρἄλλοι‖γεπερὶκτεινώμεθαπάντες
εἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπερevenπέρ · particleemphasizing particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτas may happenτε · particlesentence particleἄλλοιthe restἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of κτεινώμεθαγεat leastγε · particleemphasizing particleπερὶall aroundπερί · adverbadverbial to κτεινώμεθακτεινώμεθαwe are killedκτείνω · present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to εἴπάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἄλλοι - 246
beside the Argives' ships, there is no fear that you will perish,
Metre
νηυσὶνἐπἈργείων‖σοὶοὐδέοςἔστἀπολέσθαι
νηυσὶνthe shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐπ̓ἐπbesideἐπί · prepositionprepositionἈργείωνof the ArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶνσοὶfor youσύ · dative singular pronounobject of ἔστ̓δbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὐnoοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleδέοςfearδέος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔστ̓ἔστthere isεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀπολέσθαιof perishingἀπόλλυμι · aorist middle infinitivemodifies δέος - 247
for your heart is neither steadfast nor warlike.
Metre
οὐγάρτοικραδίη‖μενεδήϊοςοὐδὲμαχήμων
οὐneitherοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτοιyourσύ · dative singular pronounmodifies κραδίηκραδίηheartκαρδία · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of δὲμενεδήϊοςsteadfast in battleμενεδήιος · nominative singular feminine adjectivepredicate nounμαχήμωνwarlikeμαχήμων · nominative singular feminine adjectivepredicate noun - 248
But if you hold back from battle, or coax some other man
Metre
εἰδὲσὺδηϊοτῆτος‖ἀφέξεαιἠέτινἄλλον
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὲbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of ἠέδηϊοτῆτοςfrom battleδηιοτής · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἀφέξεαιἀφέξεαιhold backἀπέχω · future middle indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ἠέἠέorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordτινsomeoneτις · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀποτρέψειςἄλλονelseἄλλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τιν̓ - 249
with your words and turn him away from war,
παρφάμενοςcoaxingπαράφημι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀποτρέψειςἐπέεσσινwith wordsἔπος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to παρφάμενοςἀποτρέψειςyou turn awayἀποτρέπω · future active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ἠέπολέμοιοfrom warπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀποτρέψεις - 250
at once, struck beneath my spear, you will lose your life."
Metre
αὐτίκἐμῷὑπὸδουρὶ‖τυπεὶςἀπὸθυμὸνὀλέσσεις
αὐτίκat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to ὀλέσσειςἐμῷmyἐμός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δουρὶὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionδουρὶspearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounobject of ὑπὸτυπεὶςstruckτύπτω · aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὀλέσσειςἀπὸawayἀπό · prepositionemphasizing particleθυμὸνyour lifeθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὀλέσσειςὀλέσσειςyou will loseὄλλυμι · future active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 251
So he spoke and led the way, and they followed with him
Metre
ὣςἄραφωνήσας‖ἡγήσατοτοὶἅμἕποντο
ὣςthusὡς · adverbadverbial to φωνήσαςἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleφωνήσαςhaving spokenφωνέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἡγήσατοἡγήσατοhe led the wayἡγέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτοὶtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἕποντοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἅμtogetherἅμα · adverbadverbial to ἕποντοἕποντοfollowedἕπομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 252
in a wondrous din; and Zeus, who delights in thunder,
Metre
ἠχῇθεσπεσίῃ‖ἐπὶδὲΖεὺςτερπικέραυνος
ἠχῇwith a dinἠχή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἕποντοθεσπεσίῃwondrousθεσπέσιος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἠχῇἐπὶagainst themἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὦρσεντερπικέραυνοςdelighting in thunderτερπικέραυνος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ζεὺς - 253
roused from the mountains of Ida a storm of wind
Metre
ὦρσενἀπἸδαίων‖ὀρέωνἀνέμοιοθύελλαν
ὦρσενrousedὄρνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionἸδαίωνof IdaἸδαῖος · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies ὀρέωνὀρέωνthe mountainsὄρος · genitive plural neuter nounobject of ἀπ̓ἀνέμοιοof windἄνεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θύελλανθύελλανa stormθύελλα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ὦρσεν - 254
that bore the dust straight toward the ships; but the Achaeans' minds
Metre
ἥἰθὺςνηῶν‖κονίηνφέρεναὐτὰρἈχαιῶν
ἥwhichὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of φέρενῥthenἆρα · particlesentence particleἰθὺςstraight towardἰθύς · adverbadverbial to φέρεννηῶνthe shipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of φέρενκονίηνthe dustκονία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of φέρενφέρενboreφέρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing θύελλαναὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies νόον - 255
he clouded, and granted glory to the Trojans and Hector.
Metre
θέλγενόονΤρωσὶν‖δὲκαὶἝκτορικῦδοςὄπαζε
θέλγεcloudedθέλγω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνόονmindνόος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of θέλγεΤρωσὶνTrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of καὶδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἝκτοριHectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ὄπαζεὄπαζεgrantedὀπάζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 256
Trusting in his portents and in their own force,
Metre
τοῦπερδὴτεράεσσι‖πεποιθότεςἠδὲβίηφι
τοῦhisὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies τεράεσσιπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleδὴthenδή · particlesentence particleτεράεσσιportentsτέρας · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἠδὲπεποιθότεςtrustingπείθω · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to πειρήτιζονἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordβίηφιforceβία · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἠδὲ - 257
they tried to break through the great wall of the Achaeans.
Metre
ῥήγνυσθαιμέγατεῖχος‖Ἀχαιῶνπειρήτιζον
ῥήγνυσθαιto break throughῥήγνυμι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of πειρήτιζονμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τεῖχοςτεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ῥήγνυσθαιἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τεῖχοςπειρήτιζονkept tryingπειρητίζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 258
They tore down the tower-copings and battered the battlements,
Metre
κρόσσαςμὲνπύργων‖ἔρυονκαὶἔρειπονἐπάλξεις
κρόσσαςtower-copingsκρόσσαι · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἔρυονμὲνon one handμέν · particlesentence particleπύργωνof the towersπύργος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies κρόσσαςἔρυονtore downἐρύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἔρειπονbatteredἐρείπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐπάλξειςbattlementsἔπαλξις · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἔρειπον - 259
and levered at the projecting posts that the Achaeans
Metre
στήλαςτεπροβλῆτας‖ἐμόχλεονἃςἄρἈχαιοὶ
στήλαςpostsστήλη · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐμόχλεοντεandτε · particlecoordinating wordπροβλῆταςprojectingπροβλής · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies στήλαςἐμόχλεονlevered atμοχλέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἃςwhichὅς · accusative plural feminine pronounobject of θέσανἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἈχαιοὶAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of θέσαν - 260
had first set in the earth to be supports for the towers.
Metre
πρώταςἐνγαίῃ‖θέσανἔμμεναιἔχματαπύργων
πρώταςfirstπρῶτος · accusative plural feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionγαίῃthe earthγαῖα · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐνθέσανhad setτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing στήλαςἔμμεναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveadverbial to θέσανἔχματαsupportsἔχμα · accusative plural neuter nounpredicate nounπύργωνfor the towersπύργος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἔχματα - 261
These they were dragging out, and they hoped to break
Metre
τὰςοἵαὐέρυον‖ἔλποντοδὲτεῖχοςἈχαιῶν
τὰςtheseὁ · accusative plural feminine pronounobject of αὐέρυονοἵtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of δὲγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleαὐέρυονdragged outαὐερύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἔλποντοhopedἔλπω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ῥήξεινἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τεῖχος - 262
the Achaeans' wall; but not even yet did the Danaans yield the way.
Metre
ῥήξεινοὐδένύπω‖Δαναοὶχάζοντοκελεύθου
ῥήξεινto breakῥήγνυμι · future active infinitiveobject of ἔλποντονύevenνῦν · adverbsentence particleπωyetπω · particlesentence particleΔαναοὶDanaansΔαναοί · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of χάζοντοχάζοντοyieldedχάζω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκελεύθουthe wayκέλευθος · genitive singular feminine nounobject of χάζοντο - 263
Instead they fenced the battlements with oxhide shields
ἀλλinsteadἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordοἵtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of βάλλονγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleῥινοῖσιwith shieldsῥινόν · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to φράξαντεςβοῶνof oxhideβοῦς · genitive plural nounmodifies ῥινοῖσιφράξαντεςhaving fencedφράσσω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to βάλλονἐπάλξειςbattlementsἔπαλξις · accusative plural feminine nounobject of φράξαντες - 264
and from the battlements pelted enemies coming beneath the wall.
Metre
βάλλονἀπαὐτάων‖δηΐουςὑπὸτεῖχοςἰόντας
βάλλονpeltedβάλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionαὐτάωνthe battlementsαὐτός · genitive plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἀπ̓δηΐουςenemiesδάιος · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of βάλλονὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionτεῖχοςthe wallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ὑπὸἰόνταςcomingεἶμι · present active participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complement - 265
The two Ajaxes, shouting commands from the towers,
Metre
ἀμφοτέρωΑἴαντε‖κελευτιόωντἐπὶπύργων
ἀμφοτέρωbothἀμφότερος · nominative dual masculine adjectivemodifies Αἴαντεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΑἴαντεAjaxesΑἴας · nominative dual masculine nounsubject of φοιτήτηνκελευτιόωντshouting commandsκελευτιάω · present active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to φοιτήτηνἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionπύργωνthe towersπύργος · genitive plural masculine nounobject of ἐπὶ - 266
ranged everywhere, stirring the Achaeans' strength.
Metre
πάντοσεφοιτήτην‖μένοςὀτρύνοντεςἈχαιῶν
πάντοσεeverywhereπάντοσε · adverbadverbial to φοιτήτηνφοιτήτηνrangedφοιτάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbμένοςstrengthμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ὀτρύνοντεςὀτρύνοντεςstirringὀτρύνω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to φοιτήτηνἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies μένος - 267
One man they urged with gentle words, another with stern ones,
Metre
ἄλλονμειλιχίοις‖ἄλλονστερεοῖςἐπέεσσι
ἄλλονone manἄλλος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobjectμειλιχίοιςwith gentle wordsμειλίχιος · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifiesἄλλονanotherἄλλος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of νείκεονστερεοῖςwith sternστερεός · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἐπέεσσιἐπέεσσιwordsἔπος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to νείκεον - 268
rebuking anyone they saw wholly slackening from battle:
Metre
νείκεονὅντιναπάγχυ‖μάχηςμεθιένταἴδοιεν
νείκεονrebukedνεικέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὅνwhomeverὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἴδοιεντιναanyoneτις · accusative singular masculine pronounmodifies ὅνπάγχυwhollyπάγχυ · adverbadverbial to μεθιένταμάχηςfrom battleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of μεθιένταμεθιένταslackeningμεθίημι · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementἴδοιενthey might seeεἶδον · aorist active optative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἄλλον - 269
"Friends among the Argives, whether foremost, middling,
ὦoὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleφίλοιfriendsφίλος · vocative plural masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headἈργείωνamong ArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ὅςὅςwhetherὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectτandτε · particlesentence particleἔξοχοςforemostἔξοχος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounὅςwhetherὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectτεandτε · particlesentence particleμεσήειςmiddlingμεσήεις · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 270
or lesser, since men are never all equal
ὅςwhetherὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectτεorτε · particlecoordinating wordχερειότεροςlesserχερείων · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleπωeverπω · particlesentence particleπάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνέρεςὁμοῖοιequalὅμοιος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 271
in war, now there is work for everyone—
Metre
ἀνέρεςἐνπολέμῳ‖νῦνἔπλετοἔργονἅπασι
ἀνέρεςmenἀνήρ · nominative plural masculine nounsubjectἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionπολέμῳwarπόλεμος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐννῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἔπλετοἔπλετοthere wasπέλω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔργονworkἔργον · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἔπλετοἅπασιfor everyoneἅπας · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἔπλετο - 272
and surely you yourselves know this. Let no man turn
Metre
καὶαὐτοὶτόδεπου‖γιγνώσκετεμήτιςὀπίσσω
καὶsurelyκαί · adverbemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὐτοὶyourselvesαὐτός · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementτόδεthisὅδε · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of γιγνώσκετεπουi supposeπού · adverbsentence particleγιγνώσκετεyou knowγιγνώσκω · present active indicative, 2nd plural verbmain verbμήlet noμή · adverbemphasizing particleτιςoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of τετράφθωὀπίσσωbackwardὀπίσω · adverbadverbial to τετράφθω - 273
back toward the ships when he hears the enemy's shout,
Metre
τετράφθωποτὶνῆας‖ὁμοκλητῆροςἀκούσας
τετράφθωturnτρέπω · perfect medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbποτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ποτὶὁμοκλητῆροςenemy's shoutὁμοκλητήρ · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀκούσαςἀκούσαςhearingἀκούω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to τετράφθω - 274
but press forward and urge one another on,
Metre
ἀλλὰπρόσωἵεσθε‖καὶἀλλήλοισικέλεσθε
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordπρόσωforwardπρόσω · adverbadverbial to ἵεσθεἵεσθεpressἵημι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀλλήλοισιone anotherἀλλήλων · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of κέλεσθεκέλεσθεurge onκέλομαι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verb - 275
in hope that Olympian Zeus, lord of the lightning, may grant us
Metre
αἴκεΖεὺςδώῃσιν‖Ὀλύμπιοςἀστεροπητὴς
αἴin hope thatεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δώῃσινδώῃσινmay grantδίδωμι · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to αἴὈλύμπιοςOlympianὈλύμπιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ζεὺςἀστεροπητὴςlord of lightningἀστεροπητής · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ζεὺς - 276
to drive back the strife and chase our enemies toward the city."
Metre
νεῖκοςἀπωσαμένους‖δηΐουςπροτὶἄστυδίεσθαι
νεῖκοςstrifeνεῖκος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀπωσαμένουςἀπωσαμένουςhaving driven backἀπωθέω · aorist middle participle, accusative plural masculineadverbial to δίεσθαιδηΐουςenemiesδάιος · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of δίεσθαιπροτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionἄστυthe cityἄστυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of προτὶδίεσθαιto chaseδίω · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of δώῃσιν - 277
So the two, shouting before them, stirred the Achaeans to battle.
Metre
ὣςτώγεπροβοῶντε‖μάχηνὄτρυνονἈχαιῶν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ὄτρυνοντώthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of ὄτρυνονγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleπροβοῶντεcalling aloudπροβοάω · present active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to ὄτρυνονμάχηνto battleμάχη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ὄτρυνονὄτρυνονstirredὀτρύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἈχαιῶνthe AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies μάχην - 278
And as snowflakes fall thick
τῶνof themὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifiesδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὥςasὡς · adverbadverbial to πίπτωσιτεeverτε · particlesentence particleνιφάδεςsnowflakesνιφάς · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of πίπτωσιχιόνοςof snowχιών · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies νιφάδεςπίπτωσιfallπίπτω · present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbialθαμειαὶthickθαμέες · nominative plural feminine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 279
on a winter day, when Zeus the counselor is moved
Metre
ἤματιχειμερίῳ‖ὅτεὤρετομητίεταΖεὺς
ἤματιon a dayἦμαρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to πίπτωσιχειμερίῳwinterχειμέριος · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἤματιὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτeverτε · particlesentence particleὤρετοis movedὄρνυμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτεμητίεταthe counselorμητίετα · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΖεὺςΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὤρετο - 280
to snow upon mankind, displaying his shafts:
Metre
νιφέμενἀνθρώποισι‖πιφαυσκόμενοςτὰἃκῆλα
νιφέμενto snowνίφω · present active infinitiveobject of ὤρετοἀνθρώποισιupon mankindἄνθρωπος · dative plural masculine nounobject of πιφαυσκόμενοςπιφαυσκόμενοςdisplayingπιφαύσκω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὤρετοτὰtheὁ · accusative plural neuter articlemodifies κῆλαἃhisἑός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies κῆλακῆλαshaftsκῆλον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of πιφαυσκόμενος - 281
he lulls the winds and pours it steadily, until it covers
Metre
κοιμήσαςἀνέμους‖χέειἔμπεδονὄφρακαλύψῃ
κοιμήσαςhaving lulledκοιμάω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to χέειδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀνέμουςthe windsἄνεμος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of χέειχέειpoursχέω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔμπεδονsteadilyἔμπεδος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to χέειὄφραuntilὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκαλύψῃit coversκαλύπτω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὄφρα - 282
the peaks of the high mountains and the utmost headlands,
Metre
ὑψηλῶνὀρέων‖κορυφὰςκαὶπρώοναςἄκρους
ὑψηλῶνhighὑψηλός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ὀρέωνὀρέωνmountainsὀρεύς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies κορυφὰςκορυφὰςpeaksκορυφή · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleπρώοναςheadlandsπρών · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶἄκρουςutmostἄκρος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies πρώονας - 283
the lotus-flowering meadows and men's rich tilled fields,
Metre
καὶπεδίαλωτοῦντα‖καὶἀνδρῶνπίοναἔργα
καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleπεδίαmeadowsπεδίον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶλωτοῦνταlotus-floweringλωτόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies πεδίακαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἔργαπίοναrichπίων · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔργαἔργαtilled fieldsἔργον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of καὶ - 284
and spreads upon the gray sea over harbors and shores,
Metre
καίἐφἁλὸςπολιῆς‖κέχυταιλιμέσιντεκαὶἀκταῖς
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordτandτε · particlecoordinating wordἐφuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionἁλὸςseaἅλς · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies καὶπολιῆςgrayπολιός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἁλὸςκέχυταιspreadsχέω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbλιμέσινover harborsλιμήν · dative plural masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀκταῖςshoresἀκτή · dative plural feminine nounobject of καὶ - 285
though the lapping wave checks it; but all else
Metre
κῦμαδέμινπροσπλάζον‖ἐρύκεταιἄλλάτεπάντα
κῦμαwaveκῦμα · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἐρύκεταιδέthoughδέ · particlecoordinating wordμινitμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσπλάζονπροσπλάζονlappingπροσπλάζω · present active participle, nominative singular neuteradverbial to ἐρύκεταιἐρύκεταιchecksἐρύκω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄλλάall elseἄλλος · nominative plural neuter adjectivesubject of εἴλυταιτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordπάνταallπᾶς · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἄλλά - 286
is wrapped from above when the storm of Zeus weighs down—
Metre
εἴλυταικαθύπερθ‖ὅτἐπιβρίσῃΔιὸςὄμβρος
εἴλυταιis wrappedεἰλύω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to τεκαθύπερθfrom aboveκαθύπερθε · adverbadverbial to εἴλυταιὅτwhenὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἐπιβρίσῃweighs downἐπιβρίθω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτ̓Διὸςof ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ὄμβροςὄμβροςstormὄμβρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐπιβρίσῃ - 287
so thick the stones flew from both sides,
Metre
ὣςτῶνἀμφοτέρωσε‖λίθοιπωτῶντοθαμειαί
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to πωτῶντοτῶνof themὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies λίθοιἀμφοτέρωσεfrom both sidesἀμφοτέρωσε · adverbadverbial to πωτῶντολίθοιstonesλίθος · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of πωτῶντοπωτῶντοflewπωτάομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbθαμειαίthickθαμέες · nominative plural feminine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 288
some toward the Trojans, others from the Trojans toward the Achaeans,
Metre
αἱμὲνἄρἐςΤρῶας‖αἱἐκΤρώωνἐςἈχαιούς
αἱsomeὁ · nominative plural feminine pronounsubjectμὲνon one handμέν · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἐςtowardεἰς · prepositionprepositionΤρῶαςTrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐςαἱothersὁ · nominative plural feminine pronounsubjectδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionΤρώωνTrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounobject of ἐκἐςtowardεἰς · prepositionprepositionἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐς - 289
as they hurled; and over the whole wall a din arose.
Metre
βαλλομένωντὸδὲτεῖχος‖ὕπερπᾶνδοῦποςὀρώρει
βαλλομένωνas they hurledβάλλω · present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculinecircumstantial complementτὸtheὁ · accusative singular neuter articlemodifies τεῖχοςδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to ὕπερὕπερoverὑπέρ · prepositionprepositionπᾶνwholeπᾶς · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τεῖχοςδοῦποςdinδοῦπος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὀρώρειὀρώρειhad arisenὄρνυμι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 290
Nor even then would the Trojans and glorious Hector
Metre
οὐδἄνπωτότεγε‖ΤρῶεςκαὶφαίδιμοςἝκτωρ
ἄνwouldἄν · particlesentence particleπωeven yetπω · particlesentence particleτότεthenτότε · adverbadverbial to ἐρρήξαντογεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordφαίδιμοςgloriousφαίδιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 291
have broken the gates of the wall and the long bar,
Metre
τείχεοςἐρρήξαντο‖πύλαςκαὶμακρὸνὀχῆα
τείχεοςof the wallτεῖχος · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies πύλαςἐρρήξαντοhave brokenῥήγνυμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπύλαςgatesπύλη · accusative plural feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμακρὸνlongμακρός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὀχῆαὀχῆαbarὀχεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶ - 292
had Zeus the counselor not roused his own son Sarpedon
Metre
εἰμὴἄρυἱὸνἑὸν‖ΣαρπηδόναμητίεταΖεὺς
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὴnotμή · particleemphasizing particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἑὸνhis ownἑός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱὸνΣαρπηδόναSarpedonΣαρπηδών · accusative singular masculine nounobjectμητίεταthe counselorμητίετα · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΖεὺςΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὦρσεν - 293
against the Argives, like a lion against curved-horned cattle.
Metre
ὦρσενἐπἈργείοισι‖λέονθὣςβουσὶνἕλιξιν
ὦρσενhad rousedὄρνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἰἐπagainstἐπί · prepositionprepositionἈργείοισιArgivesἈργεῖος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἐπ̓λέονθa lionλέων · accusative singular masculine nounobjectὣςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialβουσὶνcattleβοῦς · dative plural masculine nounobjectἕλιξινcurved-hornedἕλιξ · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies βουσὶν - 294
At once he held before him his shield, perfectly round,
Metre
αὐτίκαἀσπίδαμὲν‖πρόσθἔσχετοπάντοσἐΐσην
αὐτίκαat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to ἔσχετοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀσπίδαshieldἀσπίς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔσχετομὲνon one handμέν · particlesentence particleπρόσθbefore himπρόσθεν · adverbadverbial to ἔσχετοἔσχετοheldἔχω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπάντοσon every sideπάντοσε · adverbemphasizing particleἐΐσηνperfectly roundἔισος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies - 295
beautiful, hammered bronze, which a bronzesmith
Metre
καλὴνχαλκείην‖ἐξήλατονἣνἄραχαλκεὺς
καλὴνbeautifulκαλός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifiesχαλκείηνbronzeχάλκειος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifiesἐξήλατονhammeredἐξήλατος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifiesἣνwhichὅς · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ἤλασενἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleχαλκεὺςbronzesmithχαλκεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δὲ - 296
had beaten out, then stitched many oxhides within it
Metre
ἤλασενἔντοσθεν‖δὲβοείαςῥάψεθαμειὰς
ἤλασενhad beaten outἐλαύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δὲἔντοσθενwithinἔντοσθε · adverbadverbial to ῥάψεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordβοείαςoxhidesβοείη · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ῥάψεῥάψεstitchedῥάπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δὲθαμειὰςmanyθαμέες · accusative plural feminine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 297
with rods of gold running unbroken around the rim.
Metre
χρυσείῃςῥάβδοισι‖διηνεκέσινπερὶκύκλον
χρυσείῃςgoldenχρύσεος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ῥάβδοισιῥάβδοισιrodsῥάβδος · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ῥάψεδιηνεκέσινunbrokenδιηνεκής · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ῥάβδοισιπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionκύκλονthe rimκύκλος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to περὶ - 298
Holding it before him and brandishing two spears,
Metre
τὴνἄρὅγεπρόσθε‖σχόμενοςδύοδοῦρετινάσσων
τὴνitὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of σχόμενοςἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of βῆγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleπρόσθεbefore himπρόσθεν · adverbadverbial to σχόμενοςσχόμενοςholdingἔχω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βῆδύοtwoδύο · numeralmodifies δοῦρεδοῦρεspearsδόρυ · accusative dual neuter nounobject of τινάσσωντινάσσωνbrandishingτινάσσω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βῆ - 299
he strode on like a mountain-bred lion, long deprived
βῆstrodeβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbῥthenἆρα · particlesentence particleἴμενto goεἶμι · present active infinitiveobject of βῆὥςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialτεeverτε · particlesentence particleλέωνa lionλέων · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectὀρεσίτροφοςmountain-bredὀρεσιτρόφος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies λέωνὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔῃτeverτε · particlesentence particleἐπιδευὴςdeprivedἐπιδευής · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 300
of meat, whose proud heart drives him
Metre
δηρὸνἔῃκρειῶν‖κέλεταιδέἑθυμὸςἀγήνωρ
δηρὸνlongδηρός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbialἔῃmay beεἰμί · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δέκρειῶνof meatκρέας · genitive plural neuter nounmodifies ἐπιδευὴςκέλεταιdrivesκέλομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δέδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἑhimἕ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of κέλεταιθυμὸςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κέλεταιἀγήνωρproudἀγήνωρ · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμὸς - 301
to test the sheep and enter even a close-built fold.
Metre
μήλωνπειρήσοντα‖καὶἐςπυκινὸνδόμονἐλθεῖν
μήλωνof sheepμῆλον · genitive plural neuter nounobject of πειρήσονταπειρήσονταto testπειράω · future active participle, accusative singular masculineadverbial to ἐλθεῖνκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionπυκινὸνclose-builtπυκνός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δόμονδόμονfoldδόμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐςἐλθεῖνto enterἔρχομαι · aorist active infinitiveobject of κέλεται - 302
Though he finds the herdsmen there beside the flock,
Metre
εἴπεργάρεὕρῃσι‖παραὐτόφιβώτοραςἄνδρας
εἴthoughεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleχwouldἄν · particlesentence particleεὕρῃσιhe findsεὑρίσκω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἴπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionαὐτόφιright thereαὐτόφι · adverbobject of παῤβώτοραςherdsmenβώτωρ · accusative plural masculine nounmodifies ἄνδραςἄνδραςmenἀνήρ · accusative plural masculine nounobject of εὕρῃσι - 303
with dogs and spears keeping watch around the sheep,
Metre
σὺνκυσὶκαὶδούρεσσι‖φυλάσσονταςπερὶμῆλα
σὺνwithσύν · prepositionprepositionκυσὶdogsκύων · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordδούρεσσιspearsδόρυ · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to καὶφυλάσσονταςkeeping watchφυλάσσω · present active participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complementπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionμῆλαsheepμῆλον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of περὶ - 304
he has no mind to be driven from the fold untried:
Metre
οὔῥάἀπείρητος‖μέμονεσταθμοῖοδίεσθαι
οὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleῥάthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτeverτε · particlesentence particleἀπείρητοςuntriedἀπείρητος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementμέμονεis mindedμέμονα · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἀλλ̓σταθμοῖοfrom the foldσταθμός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of δίεσθαιδίεσθαιto be drivenδίω · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of μέμονε - 305
he either leaps among them and seizes one, or is himself
Metre
ἀλλὅἄρἢἥρπαξε‖μετάλμενοςἠὲκαὶαὐτὸς
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἥρπαξεγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἢeitherἤ · conjunctionsentence particleἥρπαξεseizes oneἁρπάζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἠὲμετάλμενοςleaping amongμεθάλλομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἥρπαξεἠὲorἠέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleαὐτὸςhimselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 306
struck among the foremost by a javelin from a swift hand.
Metre
ἔβλητἐνπρώτοισι‖θοῆςἀπὸχειρὸςἄκοντι
ἔβλητis struckβάλλω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἠὲἐνamongἐν · prepositionprepositionπρώτοισιthe foremostπρῶτος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐνθοῆςswiftθοός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies χειρὸςἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionχειρὸςa handχείρ · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἀπὸἄκοντιby a javelinἄκων · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἔβλητ̓ - 307
So then his heart urged godlike Sarpedon
Metre
ὥςῥατότἀντίθεον‖Σαρπηδόναθυμὸςἀνῆκε
ὥςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἀνῆκεῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτότat that timeτότε · adverbadverbial to ἀνῆκεἀντίθεονgodlikeἀντίθεος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΣαρπηδόναΣαρπηδόναSarpedonΣαρπηδών · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀνῆκεθυμὸςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀνῆκεἀνῆκεurgedἀνίημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 308
to charge the wall and break through the battlements.
τεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐπαΐξαιἐπαΐξαιto chargeἐπαίσσω · aorist active infinitiveobject of τεδιάthroughζεύς · accusative singular masculine nounemphasizing particleτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordῥήξασθαιto breakῥήγνυμι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of τεἐπάλξειςbattlementsἔπαλξις · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ῥήξασθαι - 309
At once he spoke to Glaucus, son of Hippolochus:
Metre
αὐτίκαδὲΓλαῦκον‖προσέφηπαῖδἹππολόχοιο
αὐτίκαat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to προσέφηδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΓλαῦκονGlaucusΓλαῦκος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectπροσέφηspoke toπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπαῖδsonπαῖς · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἹππολόχοιοof HippolochusἹππόλοχος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies παῖδ̓ - 310
"Glaucus, why are we two honored above all others
Metre
Γλαῦκετίἢδὴνῶϊ‖τετιμήμεσθαμάλιστα
ΓλαῦκεGlaucusΓλαῦκος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headτίwhyτίς · irregularadverbial to καὶἢindeedἤ · interjectionsentence particleδὴthenδή · particlesentence particleνῶϊwe twoἐγώ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of τετιμήμεσθατετιμήμεσθαare honoredτιμάω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbμάλισταabove allμάλιστα · adverbadverbial to τετιμήμεσθα - 311
with seats and meat and brimming cups
Metre
ἕδρῃτεκρέασίν‖τεἰδὲπλείοιςδεπάεσσιν
ἕδρῃwith a seatἕδρα · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἰδὲτεandτε · particlesentence particleκρέασίνmeatκρέας · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἰδὲτεandτε · particlesentence particleἰδὲandἰδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordπλείοιςbrimmingπλέως · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δεπάεσσινδεπάεσσινcupsδέπας · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἰδὲ - 312
in Lycia, while all look upon us as gods?
Metre
ἐνΛυκίῃπάντες‖δὲθεοὺςὣςεἰσορόωσι
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionΛυκίῃLyciaΛυκία · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνπάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of εἰσορόωσιδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleθεοὺςgodsθεός · accusative plural masculine nounobjectὣςasὡς · adverbadverbialεἰσορόωσιlook upon usεἰσοράω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 313
And we possess a great estate beside the banks of Xanthus,
Metre
καὶτέμενοςνεμόμεσθα‖μέγαΞάνθοιοπαρὄχθας
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordτέμενοςestateτέμενος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of νεμόμεσθανεμόμεσθαpossessνέμω · present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τέμενοςΞάνθοιοof XanthusΞάνθος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ὄχθαςπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionὄχθαςthe banksὄχθη · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to παῤ - 314
fine with orchard ground and wheat-bearing fields.
Metre
καλὸνφυταλιῆς‖καὶἀρούρηςπυροφόροιο
καλὸνfineκαλός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τέμενοςφυταλιῆςorchard groundφυταλιά · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀρούρηςfieldsἄρουρα · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies καὶπυροφόροιοwheat-bearingπυροφόρος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀρούρης - 315
Therefore now we must take our place among the foremost Lycians,
Metre
τὼνῦνχρὴΛυκίοισι‖μέταπρώτοισινἐόντας
τὼthereforeτῷ · adverbadverbial to χρὴνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to χρὴχρὴwe mustχρή · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΛυκίοισιLyciansΛύκιοι · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to μέταμέταamongμετά · prepositionprepositionπρώτοισινthe foremostπρῶτος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Λυκίοισιἐόνταςbeingεἰμί · present active participle, accusative plural masculineadverbial to ἠδὲ - 316
to stand our ground and meet the burning heat of battle;
Metre
ἑστάμενἠδὲμάχης‖καυστείρηςἀντιβολῆσαι
ἑστάμενto stand firmἵστημι · perfect active infinitiveobject of ἠδὲἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordμάχηςbattleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἀντιβολῆσαικαυστείρηςburningκαύστειρα · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies μάχηςἀντιβολῆσαιto meetἀντιβολέω · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἠδὲ - 317
so that one of the closely armored Lycians may say:
Metre
ὄφράτιςὧδεἴπῃ‖Λυκίωνπύκαθωρηκτάων
ὄφράso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτιςsomeoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἴπῃὧδthusὧδε · adverbadverbial to εἴπῃεἴπῃmay sayεἶπον · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὄφράΛυκίωνof the LyciansΛύκιοι · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τιςπύκαcloselyπύκα · adverbemphasizing particleθωρηκτάωνarmoredθωρηκτής · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies Λυκίων - 318
'No inglorious men are these kings who rule in Lycia:
Metre
οὐμὰνἀκλεέες‖Λυκίηνκάτακοιρανέουσιν
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμὰνindeedμήν · particlesentence particleἀκλεέεςingloriousἀκλεής · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementΛυκίηνLyciaΛυκία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of κάτακάταthroughoutκατά · prepositionprepositionκοιρανέουσινruleκοιρανέω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 319
they eat fat sheep
Metre
ἡμέτεροιβασιλῆες‖ἔδουσίτεπίοναμῆλα
ἡμέτεροιourἡμέτερος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies βασιλῆεςβασιλῆεςkingsβασιλεύς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of τεἔδουσίeatἔδω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordπίοναfatπίων · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies μῆλαμῆλαsheepμῆλον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of τ̓ - 320
and drink choice, honey-sweet wine; but their strength too
οἶνόνwineοἶνος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τ̓τandτε · particlecoordinating wordἔξαιτονchoiceἔξαιτος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies οἶνόνμελιηδέαhoney-sweetμελιηδής · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies οἶνόνἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἲςstrengthἴς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject - 321
is noble, since they fight among the foremost Lycians.'
Metre
ἐσθλήἐπεὶΛυκίοισι‖μέταπρώτοισιμάχονται
ἐσθλήnobleἐσθλός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἲςἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionΛυκίοισιLyciansΛύκιοι · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to μέταμέταamongμέτειμι · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbprepositionπρώτοισιthe foremostπρότερος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Λυκίοισιμάχονταιthey fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἐπεὶ - 322
Dear friend, if by escaping this war we two
Metre
ὦπέπονεἰμὲνγὰρ‖πόλεμονπερὶτόνδεφυγόντε
ὦoὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleπέπονdear friendπέπων · vocative singular neuter adjectivegoverned by an elided headεἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὲνon one handμέν · particlesentence particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleπόλεμονwarπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of φυγόντεπερὶentirelyπερί · prepositionemphasizing particleτόνδεthisὅδε · accusative singular masculine pronounmodifies πόλεμονφυγόντεhaving escapedφεύγω · aorist active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to μέλλοιμεν - 323
were thereafter to live forever, ageless and immortal,
αἰεὶforeverἀεί · adverbadverbial to μέλλοιμενδὴthenδή · particlesentence particleμέλλοιμενwere destinedμέλλω · present active optative, 1st plural verbadverbial to εἰἀγήρωagelessἀγήραος · nominative dual masculine adjectivepredicate nounτandτε · particlesentence particleἀθανάτωimmortalἀθάνατος · nominative dual masculine adjectivepredicate nounτεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 324
neither would I myself fight among the foremost
Metre
ἔσσεσθοὔτέκεναὐτὸς‖ἐνὶπρώτοισιμαχοίμην
ἔσσεσθto liveεἰμί · future middle infinitiveobject of μέλλοιμενοὔτέneitherοὔτε · adverbsentence particleκενwouldἄν · particlesentence particleαὐτὸςmyselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐνὶamongἐν · prepositionprepositionπρώτοισιthe foremostπρότερος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐνὶμαχοίμηνwould i fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 325
nor would I send you into the battle that brings men glory.
Metre
οὔτέκεσὲστέλλοιμι‖μάχηνἐςκυδιάνειραν
οὔτέnorοὔτε · adverbcoordinating wordκεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleσὲyouσύ · accusative singular pronounobject of στέλλοιμιστέλλοιμιwould i sendστέλλω · present active optative, 1st singular verbmain verbμάχηνbattleμάχη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐςἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionκυδιάνειρανbringing men gloryκυδιάνειρα · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μάχην - 326
But now, for all that, countless death-dooms stand over us,
Metre
νῦνἔμπηςγὰρκῆρες‖ἐφεστᾶσινθανάτοιο
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἴομενδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔμπηςfor all thatἔμπας · adverbadverbial to ἐφεστᾶσινγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleκῆρεςdeath-doomsκήρ · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἐφεστᾶσινἐφεστᾶσινstand over usἐφίστημι · perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbgoverned by an elided headθανάτοιοof deathθάνατος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κῆρες - 327
which no mortal can flee or escape.
Metre
μυρίαιἃςοὐκἔστι‖φυγεῖνβροτὸνοὐδὑπαλύξαι
μυρίαιcountlessμυρίος · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies κῆρεςἃςwhichὅς · accusative plural feminine pronounobject of δ̓οὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἔστιis possibleεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓φυγεῖνto fleeφεύγω · aorist active infinitivesubject of ἔστιβροτὸνa mortalβροτός · accusative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓ὑπαλύξαιto escapeὑπαλύσκω · aorist active infinitivesubject - 328
Let us go: either we shall give glory to another, or another to us."
Metre
ἴομενἠέτῳεὖχος‖ὀρέξομενἠέτιςἡμῖν
ἴομενlet us goεἶμι · present active subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbἠέeitherἤ · conjunctionsentence particleτῳto anotherτις · dative singular pronounobject of ὀρέξομενεὖχοςgloryεὖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ὀρέξομενὀρέξομενwe shall giveὀρέγω · future active indicative, 1st plural verbadverbial to ἠέἠέorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordτιςanotherτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectἡμῖνto usἐγώ · dative plural masculine pronounobject - 329
So he spoke, and Glaucus neither turned away nor disobeyed;
Metre
ὣςἔφατοὐδὲΓλαῦκος‖ἀπετράπετοὐδἀπίθησε
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατspokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbElided from ἔφατο; 'ὣς ἔφατ(ο)' is the standard Homeric formula for 'so he/she spoke.'
οὐδὲnorοὐδέ · adverbcoordinating wordΓλαῦκοςGlaucusΓλαῦκος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δ̓ἀπετράπετturned awayἀποτρέπω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοὐδnorοὐδέ · adverbcoordinating wordἀπίθησεdisobeyedἀπιθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 330
the two went straight on, leading the great host of Lycians.
Metre
τὼἰθὺςβήτην‖Λυκίωνμέγαἔθνοςἄγοντε
τὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of βήτηνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἰθὺςstraightἰθύς · adverbadverbial to βήτηνβήτηνwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbΛυκίωνof LyciansΛύκιοι · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἔθνοςμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔθνοςἔθνοςhostἔθνος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἄγοντεἄγοντεleadingἄγω · present active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to βήτην - 331
Seeing them, Menestheus, son of Peteos, shuddered,
Metre
τοὺςδὲἰδὼνῥίγησ‖υἱὸςΠετεῶοΜενεσθεύς
τοὺςthemὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ἰδὼνδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἰδὼνseeingεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ῥίγησ̓ῥίγησshudderedῥιγέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectΠετεῶοof PeteosΠετεώς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸςΜενεσθεύςMenestheusΜενεσθεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 332
for toward his tower they came, bringing ruin.
Metre
τοῦγὰρδὴπρὸςπύργον‖ἴσανκακότηταφέροντες
τοῦhisὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies πύργονγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleπρὸςtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionπύργονtowerπύργος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of πρὸςἴσανthey cameεἶμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκακότηταruinκακότης · accusative singular feminine nounobject of φέροντεςφέροντεςbringingφέρω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἴσαν - 333
He scanned along the Achaeans' wall, hoping to see
πάπτηνενscannedπαπταίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀνὰalongἀνά · prepositionprepositionπύργονwallπύργος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀνὰἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies πύργονεἴwhetherεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτινsomeoneτις · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἴδοιτοἴδοιτοhe might seeεἶδον · aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verbobject of εἴ - 334
some leader who might ward destruction from his comrades.
Metre
ἡγεμόνωνὅςτίς‖οἱἀρὴνἑτάροισινἀμύναι
ἡγεμόνωνamong the leadersἡγεμών · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τιν̓ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀμύναιτίςsomeoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies ὅςοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἑτάροισινἀρὴνdestructionἀρή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀμύναιἑτάροισινcomradesἑταῖρος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀμύναιἀμύναιmight ward offἀμύνω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τιν̓ - 335
He saw the two Ajaxes, insatiate for war,
ἐςcloselyεἰς · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνόησhe sawνοέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΑἴαντεAjaxesΑἴας · accusative dual masculine nounobject of τεδύωtwoδύο · numeralmodifies Αἴαντεπολέμουfor warπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἀκορήτωἀκορήτωinsatiateἀκόρητος · accusative dual masculine adjectivemodifies Αἴαντε - 336
standing there, and Teucer newly come from his shelter
Metre
ἑσταόταςΤεῦκρόν‖τενέονκλισίηθενἰόντα
ἑσταόταςstandingἵστημι · perfect active participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complementΤεῦκρόνTeucerΤεῦκρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordνέονnewlyνέος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἰόντακλισίηθενfrom his shelterκλισίηθεν · adverbobject of ἰόνταἰόνταcomingεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 337
close by; but no shout of his could make itself heard,
Metre
ἐγγύθενἀλλοὔπώς‖οἱἔηνβώσαντιγεγωνεῖν
ἐγγύθενnearbyἐγγύθεν · adverbadverbial to ἰόνταἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleπώςin any wayπῶς · adverbsentence particleοἱfor himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔηνἔηνwas possibleεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβώσαντιthough shoutingβοάω · aorist active participle, dative singular masculinecircumstantial complementγεγωνεῖνto make heardγεγωνέω · present active infinitivesubject of ἔην - 338
so great was the din, and the battle-cry reached heaven
Metre
τόσσοςγὰρκτύποςἦεν‖ἀϋτὴοὐρανὸνἷκε
τόσσοςso greatτόσος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleκτύποςdinκτύπος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἦενἦενwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀϋτὴbattle-cryἀυτή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἷκεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὐρανὸνheavenοὐρανός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἷκεἷκεreachedἵκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 339
as shields and horsehair-crested helmets were struck,
Metre
βαλλομένωνσακέων‖τεκαὶἱπποκόμωντρυφαλειῶν
βαλλομένωνbeing struckβάλλω · present medio-passive participle, genitive plural neutercircumstantial complementσακέωνshieldsσάκος · genitive plural neuter nounmodifies καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἱπποκόμωνhorsehair-crestedἱππόκομος · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies τρυφαλειῶντρυφαλειῶνhelmetsτρυφάλεια · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies καὶ - 340
and gates as well; for all were shut fast, and the Trojans
Metre
καὶπυλέωνπᾶσαι‖γὰρἐπώχατοτοὶδὲκαταὐτὰς
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπυλέωνgatesπύλη · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies καὶπᾶσαιallπᾶς · nominative plural feminine adjectivesubject of ἐπώχατογὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐπώχατοwere shut fastἐπέχω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbτοὶthe Trojansὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of πειρῶντοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκατbeforeκατά · prepositionprepositionαὐτὰςthemαὐτός · accusative plural feminine adjectiveobject of κατ̓ - 341
stood before them, trying to break them by force and enter.
Metre
ἱστάμενοιπειρῶντο‖βίῃῥήξαντεςἐσελθεῖν
ἱστάμενοιstandingἵστημι · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to πειρῶντοπειρῶντοwere tryingπειράω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbβίῃby forceβία · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ῥήξαντεςῥήξαντεςhaving brokenῥήγνυμι · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐσελθεῖνἐσελθεῖνto enterεἰσέρχομαι · aorist active infinitiveobject of πειρῶντο - 342
At once he sent the herald Thotes to Ajax:
Metre
αἶψαἐπΑἴαντα‖προΐεικήρυκαΘοώτην
αἶψαat onceαἶψα · adverbadverbial to προΐειδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionΑἴανταAjaxΑἴας · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπ̓προΐειsentπροίημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκήρυκαheraldκῆρυξ · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ΘοώτηνΘοώτηνThotesΘοώτης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προΐει - 343
"Go, godlike Thotes, run and call Ajax —
Metre
ἔρχεοδῖεΘοῶτα‖θέωνΑἴαντακάλεσσον
ἔρχεοgoἔρχομαι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbδῖεgodlikeδῖος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΘοῶταΘοῶταThotesΘοώτης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headθέωνrunningθέω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κάλεσσονΑἴανταAjaxΑἴας · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κάλεσσονκάλεσσονcallκαλέω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 344
both of them if possible; for that would be best of all.
Metre
ἀμφοτέρωμὲνμᾶλλον‖ὃγάρὄχἄριστονἁπάντων
ἀμφοτέρωbothἀμφότερος · accusative dual masculine adjectiveobjectμὲνon one handμέν · particlesentence particleμᾶλλονpreferablyμᾶλλον · adverbadverbialὃthatὅς · nominative singular neuter pronounsubject of εἴηγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleκwouldἄν · particlesentence particleὄχby farὄχα · adverbemphasizing particleἄριστονbestἄριστος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἁπάντωνof allἅπας · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἄριστον - 345
For soon here sheer destruction will be wrought.
Metre
εἴηἐπεὶτάχατῇδε‖τετεύξεταιαἰπὺςὄλεθρος
εἴηwould beεἰμί · present active optative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describingἐπεὶforἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτάχαsoonτάχα · adverbadverbial to τετεύξεταιτῇδεhereτῇδε · adverbadverbial to τετεύξεταιτετεύξεταιwill be wroughtτεύχω · future perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶαἰπὺςsheerαἰπύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὄλεθροςὄλεθροςdestructionὄλεθρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τετεύξεται - 346
So heavily press the Lycian leaders, who before now
Metre
ὧδεγὰρἔβρισαν‖Λυκίωνἀγοίοἳτὸπάροςπερ
ὧδεso heavilyὧδε · adverbsentence particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἔβρισανpressβρίθω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbΛυκίωνLycianΛύκιοι · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἀγοίἀγοίleadersἀγός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἔβρισανοἳwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of τελέθουσιτὸtheὁ · accusative singular neuter articlemodifies πάροςπάροςbeforeπάρος · adverbadverbial to τελέθουσιπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particle - 347
have always proved fierce in mighty battles.
Metre
ζαχρηεῖςτελέθουσι‖κατὰκρατερὰςὑσμίνας
ζαχρηεῖςfierceζαχρηής · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounτελέθουσιhave provedτελέθω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἀγοίκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionκρατερὰςmightyκρατερός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ὑσμίναςὑσμίναςbattlesὑσμίνη · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to κατὰ - 348
But if toil and strife have risen for them there as well,
Metre
εἰδέσφινκαὶκεῖθι‖πόνοςκαὶνεῖκοςὄρωρεν
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδέbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordσφινfor themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ὄρωρενκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleκεῖθιthereἐκεῖθι · adverbadverbial to ὄρωρενπόνοςtoilπόνος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνεῖκοςstrifeνεῖκος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of καὶὄρωρενhas arisenὄρνυμι · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἰ - 349
then at least let mighty Telamonian Ajax come alone,
Metre
ἀλλάπεροἶοςἴτω‖ΤελαμώνιοςἄλκιμοςΑἴας
ἀλλάthenἀλλά · adverbsentence particleπερat leastπέρ · particleemphasizing particleοἶοςaloneοἶος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἴτωlet comeεἶμι · present active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΤελαμώνιοςTelamonianΤελαμών · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Αἴαςἄλκιμοςmightyἄλκιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΑἴαςΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἴτω - 350
and let Teucer, skilled with the bow, follow with him."
Metre
καίοἱΤεῦκροςἅμα‖σπέσθωτόξωνἐῢεἰδώς
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordοἱwith himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἅμαΤεῦκροςTeucerΤεῦκρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of σπέσθωἅμαtogetherἅμα · prepositionprepositionσπέσθωlet followἕπομαι · aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτόξωνthe bowτόξον · genitive plural neuter nounobject of εἰδώςἐῢwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to εἰδώςεἰδώςskilledοἶδα · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculinemodifies Τεῦκρος - 351
So he spoke, and the herald did not disobey him when he heard,
Metre
ὣςἔφατοὐδἄραοἱ‖κῆρυξἀπίθησενἀκούσας
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀπίθησενκῆρυξheraldκῆρυξ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπίθησενἀπίθησενdid not disobeyἀπιθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀκούσαςhearingἀκούω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀπίθησεν - 352
and ran beside the wall of the bronze-clad Achaeans.
Metre
βῆδὲθέεινπαρὰτεῖχος‖Ἀχαιῶνχαλκοχιτώνων
βῆset outβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleθέεινto runθέω · present active infinitiveobject of βῆπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionτεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of παρὰἈχαιῶνof AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τεῖχοςχαλκοχιτώνωνbronze-cladχαλκοχίτων · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχαιῶν - 353
He came and stood beside the Ajaxes, then addressed them at once:
Metre
στῆδὲπαρΑἰάντεσσι‖κιώνεἶθαρδὲπροσηύδα
στῆstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionΑἰάντεσσιthe AjaxesΑἴας · dative plural masculine nounobject of παῤκιώνcomingκίω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to στῆεἶθαρat onceεἶθαρ · adverbadverbial to προσηύδαδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 354
"You two Ajaxes, leaders of the bronze-clad Argives —
Metre
ΑἴαντἈργείων‖ἡγήτορεχαλκοχιτώνων
ΑἴαντAjaxesΑἴας · vocative dual masculine noungoverned by an elided headἈργείωνof ArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἡγήτορεἡγήτορεleadersἡγήτωρ · vocative dual masculine noungoverned by an elided headχαλκοχιτώνωνbronze-cladχαλκοχίτων · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀργείων - 355
the dear son of Zeus-nurtured Peteos bids you
Metre
ἠνώγειΠετεῶο‖διοτρεφέοςφίλοςυἱὸς
ἠνώγειbidsἄνωγα · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΠετεῶοof PeteosΠετεώς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸςδιοτρεφέοςZeus-nurturedΔιοτρεφής · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Πετεῶοφίλοςdearφίλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱὸςυἱὸςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἠνώγει - 356
go there, to face the struggle for a little while —
Metre
κεῖσἴμενὄφραπόνοιο‖μίνυνθάπερἀντιάσητον
κεῖσthereἐκεῖσε · adverbobject of ἴμενἴμενto goεἶμι · present active infinitiveobject of ἠνώγειὄφραso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπόνοιοthe struggleπόνος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀντιάσητονμίνυνθάbrieflyμίνυνθα · adverbadverbial to ἀντιάσητονπερat leastπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἀντιάσητονyou two faceἀντιάζω · aorist active subjunctive, 2nd dual verbadverbial to ὄφρα - 357
both of them if possible; for that would be best of all.
Metre
ἀμφοτέρωμὲνμᾶλλον‖ὃγάρὄχἄριστονἁπάντων
ἀμφοτέρωbothἀμφότερος · nominative dual masculine adjectivesubjectμὲνon one handμέν · particlesentence particleμᾶλλονpreferablyμᾶλλον · adverbadverbialὃthatὅς · nominative singular neuter pronounsubject of εἴηγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleκwouldἄν · particlesentence particleὄχby farὄχα · adverbemphasizing particleἄριστονbestἄριστος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἁπάντωνof allἅπας · genitive plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἄριστον - 358
For soon there sheer destruction will be wrought.
Metre
εἴηἐπεὶτάχακεῖθι‖τετεύξεταιαἰπὺςὄλεθρος
εἴηwould beεἰμί · present active optative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describingἐπεὶforἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτάχαsoonτάχα · adverbadverbial to τετεύξεταικεῖθιthereἐκεῖθι · adverbadverbial to τετεύξεταιτετεύξεταιwill be wroughtτεύχω · future perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶαἰπὺςsheerαἰπύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὄλεθροςὄλεθροςdestructionὄλεθρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τετεύξεται - 359
So heavily press the Lycian leaders, who before now
Metre
ὧδεγὰρἔβρισαν‖Λυκίωνἀγοίοἳτὸπάροςπερ
ὧδεso heavilyὧδε · adverbsentence particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἔβρισανpressβρίθω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbΛυκίωνLycianΛύκιοι · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἀγοίἀγοίleadersἀγός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἔβρισανοἳwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of τελέθουσιτὸtheὁ · accusative singular neuter articlemodifies πάροςπάροςbeforeπάρος · adverbadverbial to τελέθουσιπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particle - 360
have always proved fierce in mighty battles.
Metre
ζαχρηεῖςτελέθουσι‖κατὰκρατερὰςὑσμίνας
ζαχρηεῖςfierceζαχρηής · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounτελέθουσιhave provedτελέθω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἀγοίκατὰinκατά · prepositionprepositionκρατερὰςmightyκρατερός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ὑσμίναςὑσμίναςbattlesὑσμίνη · accusative plural feminine nounadverbial to κατὰ - 361
But if war and strife have risen here as well,
Metre
εἰδὲκαὶἐνθάδεπερ‖πόλεμοςκαὶνεῖκοςὄρωρεν
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὲbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἐνθάδεhereἐνθάδε · adverbadverbial to ὄρωρενπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleπόλεμοςwarπόλεμος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνεῖκοςstrifeνεῖκος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of καὶὄρωρενhas arisenὄρνυμι · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἰ - 362
then at least let mighty Telamonian Ajax come alone,
Metre
ἀλλάπεροἶοςἴτω‖ΤελαμώνιοςἄλκιμοςΑἴας
ἀλλάthenἀλλά · adverbsentence particleπερat leastπέρ · particleemphasizing particleοἶοςaloneοἶος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἴτωlet comeεἶμι · present active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΤελαμώνιοςTelamonianΤελαμών · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Αἴαςἄλκιμοςmightyἄλκιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΑἴαςΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἴτω - 363
and let Teucer, skilled with the bow, follow with him."
Metre
καίοἱΤεῦκροςἅμα‖σπέσθωτόξωνἐῢεἰδώς
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordοἱwith himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἅμαΤεῦκροςTeucerΤεῦκρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of σπέσθωἅμαtogetherἅμα · prepositionprepositionσπέσθωlet followἕπομαι · aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτόξωνthe bowτόξον · genitive plural neuter nounobject of εἰδώςἐῢwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to εἰδώςεἰδώςskilledοἶδα · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to σπέσθω - 364
So he spoke, and great Telamonian Ajax did not disobey.
Metre
ὣςἔφατοὐδἀπίθησε‖μέγαςΤελαμώνιοςΑἴας
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατ̓ἔφατhe spokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀπίθησεdid not disobeyἀπιθέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμέγαςgreatμέγας · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΑἴαςΤελαμώνιοςTelamonianΤελαμών · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΑἴαςΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπίθησε - 365
At once he addressed the son of Oileus with winged words:
Metre
αὐτίκὈϊλιάδην‖ἔπεαπτερόενταπροσηύδα
αὐτίκat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to προσηύδαὈϊλιάδηνson of OileusὈϊλιάδης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προσηύδαἔπεαwordsἔπος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of προσηύδαπτερόενταwingedπτερόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔπεαπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 366
"Ajax, you two remain here, you and mighty Lycomedes,
Metre
Αἶανσφῶϊμὲναὖθι‖σὺκαὶκρατερὸςΛυκομήδης
ΑἶανAjaxΑἴας · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headσφῶϊyou twoσύ · nominative dual pronounsubject of ,μὲνon one handμέν · particlesentence particleαὖθιhereαὖθι · adverbobject of ἑσταότεςσὺyouσύ · nominative singular pronounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκρατερὸςmightyκρατερός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΛυκομήδηςΛυκομήδηςLycomedesΛυκομήδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 367
and rally the Danaans to fight with all their might.
Metre
ἑσταότεςΔαναοὺς‖ὀτρύνετονἶφιμάχεσθαι
ἑσταότεςstanding firmἵστημι · perfect active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ὀτρύνετονΔαναοὺςDanaansΔαναοί · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ὀτρύνετονὀτρύνετονurge onὀτρύνω · present active imperative, 2nd dual verbmain verbἶφιmightilyἶφι · adverbadverbial to μάχεσθαιμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ὀτρύνετον - 368
I will go there and meet the battle,
Metre
αὐτὰρἐγὼκεῖσεἶμι‖καὶἀντιόωπολέμοιο
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καὶκεῖσthereἐκεῖσε · adverbobject of εἶμιεἶμιwill goεἶμι · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀντιόωwill meetἀντιάζω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbπολέμοιοbattleπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀντιόω - 369
and swiftly come back once I have given them good aid."
Metre
αἶψαἐλεύσομαιαὖτις‖ἐπὴνεὖτοῖςἐπαμύνω
αἶψαswiftlyαἶψα · adverbadverbial to ἐλεύσομαιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐλεύσομαιwill comeἔρχομαι · future middle indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbαὖτιςbackαὖθις · adverbadverbial to ἐλεύσομαιἐπὴνonceἐπήν · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionεὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to ἐπαμύνωτοῖςthemὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἐπαμύνωἐπαμύνωgive aidἐπαμύνω · present active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to ἐπὴν - 370
So speaking, Telamonian Ajax departed,
Metre
ὣςἄραφωνήσας‖ἀπέβηΤελαμώνιοςΑἴας
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φωνήσαςἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleφωνήσαςspeakingφωνέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀπέβηἀπέβηdepartedἀποβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΤελαμώνιοςTelamonianΤελαμών · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΑἴαςΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπέβη - 371
and Teucer went with him, his brother by the same father;
Metre
καίοἱΤεῦκροςἅμᾖε‖κασίγνητοςκαὶὄπατρος
καίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἅμ̓ΤεῦκροςTeucerΤεῦκρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectἅμwith himἅμα · prepositionprepositionᾖεwentεἶμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκασίγνητοςbrotherκασίγνητος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὄπατροςsame-fatheredὄπατρος · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of καὶMarks Teucer as Ajax's brother through their common father Telamon.
- 372
and with them Pandion carried Teucer's recurved bow.
Metre
τοῖςἅμαΠανδίων‖Τεύκρουφέρεκαμπύλατόξα
τοῖςthemὁ · dative plural masculine pronounadverbial to ἅμαδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἅμαwithἅμα · prepositionprepositionΠανδίωνPandionΠανδίων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of φέρεΤεύκρουTeucerΤεῦκρος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies τόξαφέρεcarriedφέρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαμπύλαrecurvedκαμπύλος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τόξατόξαbowτόξον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of φέρε - 373
When they reached the tower of great-hearted Menestheus,
Metre
εὖτεΜενεσθῆος‖μεγαθύμουπύργονἵκοντο
εὖτεwhenεὖτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionΜενεσθῆοςMenestheus'sΜενεσθεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πύργονμεγαθύμουgreat-heartedμεγάθυμος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Μενεσθῆοςπύργονtowerπύργος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἵκοντοἵκοντοreachedἱκνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to δ̓ - 374
going within the wall, they came upon men hard-pressed:
Metre
τείχεοςἐντὸςἰόντες‖ἐπειγομένοισιἵκοντο
τείχεοςthe wallτεῖχος · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἐντὸςἐντὸςinsideἐντός · prepositionprepositionἰόντεςgoingεἶμι · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἵκοντοἐπειγομένοισιhard-pressed menἐπείγω · present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculineobject of ἵκοντοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἵκοντοreachedἱκνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to δ̓ - 375
they were mounting the battlements like a dark storm-squall,
Metre
οἳἐπἐπάλξειςβαῖνον‖ἐρεμνῇλαίλαπιἶσοι
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπontoἐπί · prepositionprepositionἐπάλξειςbattlementἔπαλξις · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐπ̓βαῖνονmountedβαίνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐρεμνῇdarkἐρεμνός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies λαίλαπιλαίλαπιstorm-squallλαῖλαψ · dative singular feminine nounmodifies ἶσοιἶσοιlikeἴσος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 376
the mighty leaders and rulers of the Lycians.
Metre
ἴφθιμοιΛυκίων‖ἡγήτορεςἠδὲμέδοντες
ἴφθιμοιmightyἴφθιμος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἠδὲΛυκίωνLyciansΛύκιοι · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἠδὲἡγήτορεςleadersἡγήτωρ · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἠδὲἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordμέδοντεςrulersμέδων · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἠδὲ - 377
They clashed face to face in battle, and the war-cry rose.
Metre
σὺνἐβάλοντομάχεσθαι‖ἐναντίονὦρτοἀϋτή
σὺνtogetherσύν · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐβάλοντοclashedβάλλω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveadverbial to ἐβάλοντοἐναντίονface to faceἐναντίον · adverbadverbial to μάχεσθαιὦρτοroseὄρνυμι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀϋτήwar-cryἀυτή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ὦρτο - 378
First Telamonian Ajax killed a man,
Metre
Αἴαςδὲπρῶτος‖Τελαμώνιοςἄνδρακατέκτα
ΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κατέκταδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπρῶτοςfirstπρῶτος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementΤελαμώνιοςTelamonianΤελαμών · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Αἴαςἄνδραa manἀνήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobjectκατέκταkilledκατακτείνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 379
great-hearted Epicles, a companion of Sarpedon,
Metre
Σαρπήδοντοςἑταῖρον‖Ἐπικλῆαμεγάθυμον
ΣαρπήδοντοςSarpedon'sΣαρπηδών · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἑταῖρονἑταῖρονcompanionἑταῖρος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἘπικλῆαEpiclesἘπικλῆς · accusative singular masculine nounobjectμεγάθυμονgreat-heartedμεγάθυμος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἐπικλῆα - 380
striking him with a jagged coping stone that lay inside the wall,
Metre
μαρμάρῳὀκριόεντι‖βαλώνὅῥατείχεοςἐντὸς
μαρμάρῳcoping stoneμάρμαρος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to βαλώνὀκριόεντιjaggedὀκριόεις · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies μαρμάρῳβαλώνstruckβάλλω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κατέκταὅwhichὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of κεῖτοῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτείχεοςthe wallτεῖχος · genitive singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐντὸςἐντὸςinsideἐντός · prepositionpreposition - 381
huge beside the highest battlement. Not easily could
κεῖτοlayκεῖμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing μαρμάρῳμέγαςgreatμέγας · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὅπαρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionἔπαλξινbattlementἔπαλξις · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to παῤὑπέρτατοςhighestὑπέρτατος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementκέcouldἄν · particlesentence particleWith the optative, this particle makes the claim potential: even a strong young man could not easily lift the stone.
μινitμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔχοιῥέαeasilyῥέα · adverbadverbial to ἔχοι - 382
a man grasp it with both hands, even in the full strength of youth,
Metre
χείρεσσἀμφοτέρῃς‖ἔχοιἀνὴροὐδὲμάλἡβῶν
χείρεσσhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἔχοιἀμφοτέρῃςbothἀμφότερος · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies χείρεσσ̓ἔχοιcould graspἔχω · present active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀνὴρa manἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔχοιμάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleἡβῶνin youthful strengthἡβάω · present active participle, nominative singular masculinepredicate noun - 383
such as mortals now are; but Ajax raised it and hurled it from above.
Metre
οἷοινῦνβροτοίεἰσ‖ὃἄρὑψόθενἔμβαλἀείρας
οἷοιsuch asοἷος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounPart of the recurring heroic-age contrast: mortals in the poet's present are weaker than the heroes.
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to εἰσ̓βροτοίmortalsβροτός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of εἰσ̓εἰσareεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἀνὴρὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὑψόθενfrom aboveὑψόθεν · adverbadverbial to ἀείραςἔμβαλhurledἐμβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀείραςraisingἀείρω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔμβαλ̓ - 384
He crushed the four-crested helmet and shattered together
Metre
θλάσσεδὲτετράφαλον‖κυνέηνσὺνὀστέἄραξε
θλάσσεcrushedθλάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleτετράφαλονfour-crestedτετράφαλος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κυνέηνκυνέηνhelmetκυνέη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of θλάσσεσὺνtogetherσύν · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὀστέbonesὀστέον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἄραξεἄραξεshatteredἀράσσω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 385
all the bones of the head; and like a diver
Metre
πάντἄμυδιςκεφαλῆς‖ὃἄρἀρνευτῆριἐοικὼς
πάντallπᾶς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ὀστέ̓ἄμυδιςall togetherἄμυδις · adverbadverbial to ἄραξεκεφαλῆςheadκεφαλή · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ὀστέ̓ὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of κάππεσ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἀρνευτῆριdiverἀρνευτήρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐοικὼςἐοικὼςlikeἔοικα · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κάππεσ̓ - 386
he fell from the high tower, and the spirit left his bones.
Metre
κάππεσἀφὑψηλοῦ‖πύργουλίπεὀστέαθυμός
κάππεσfellκαταπίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀφfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionὑψηλοῦhighὑψηλός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies πύργουπύργουtowerπύργος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀφ̓λίπεleftλείπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὀστέαbonesὀστέον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of λίπεθυμόςspiritθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of λίπε - 387
Then Teucer struck mighty Glaucus, son of Hippolochus,
Metre
ΤεῦκροςδὲΓλαῦκον‖κρατερὸνπαῖδἹππολόχοιο
ΤεῦκροςTeucerΤεῦκρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δὲδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleΓλαῦκονGlaucusΓλαῦκος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectκρατερὸνmightyκρατερός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Γλαῦκονπαῖδsonπαῖς · accusative singular masculine nounobjectἹππολόχοιοHippolochusἹππόλοχος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies παῖδ̓ - 388
with an arrow as he rushed upon the high wall,
Metre
ἰῷἐπεσσύμενον‖βάλετείχεοςὑψηλοῖο
ἰῷarrowἰός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to βάλεἐπεσσύμενονrushingἐπισεύω · present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementβάλεstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτείχεοςwallτεῖχος · genitive singular neuter nounadverbial to βάλεὑψηλοῖοhighὑψηλός · genitive singular neuter adjectivemodifies τείχεος - 389
where he saw his arm laid bare, and stopped him from battle.
Metre
ᾗἴδεγυμνωθέντα‖βραχίοναπαῦσεδὲχάρμης
ᾗwhereᾗ · adverbadverbial to ἴδεῥthenἆρα · particlesentence particleἴδεsawεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of βάλεγυμνωθένταlaid bareγυμνόω · aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementβραχίοναarmβραχίων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἴδεπαῦσεstoppedπαύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχάρμηςfightχάρμη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of παῦσε - 390
Glaucus leapt back down from the wall unseen, lest any Achaean
Metre
ἂψἀπὸτείχεοςἆλτο‖λαθώνἵναμήτιςἈχαιῶν
ἂψbackἄψ · adverbadverbial to ἆλτοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionτείχεοςwallτεῖχος · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἀπὸἆλτοleaptἅλλομαι · aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbλαθώνunseenλανθάνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἆλτοἵναso thatἵνα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμήnotμή · adverbemphasizing particleτιςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of καὶἈχαιῶνAchaeanἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τις - 391
notice him wounded and boast over him in words.
Metre
βλήμενονἀθρήσειε‖καὶεὐχετόῳτἐπέεσσι
βλήμενονwoundedβάλλω · aorist middle participle, accusative singular masculineobject of ἀθρήσειεἀθρήσειεmight noticeἀθρέω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordεὐχετόῳτmight boastεὐχετάομαι · present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶἐπέεσσιwordsἔπος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to εὐχετόῳτ̓ - 392
Grief came upon Sarpedon as Glaucus withdrew,
Metre
Σαρπήδοντιἄχος‖γένετοΓλαύκουἀπιόντος
ΣαρπήδοντιSarpedonΣαρπηδών · dative singular masculine nounobject of γένετοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄχοςgriefἄχος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of γένετογένετοcameγίγνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΓλαύκουGlaucusΓλαῦκος · genitive singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπιόντοςἀπιόντοςwithdrawingἄπειμι · present active participle, genitive singular masculineadverbial to γένετο - 393
as soon as he marked it; yet he did not forget the fight,
Metre
αὐτίκἐπείἐνόησεν‖ὅμωςοὐλήθετοχάρμης
αὐτίκat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to γένετοἐπείwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτandτε · particlesentence particleἐνόησενnoticedνοέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπείὅμωςyetὅμως · conjunctionadverbial to λήθετοδandδέ · particlesentence particleοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleλήθετοforgotλανθάνω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχάρμηςfightχάρμη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of λήθετο - 394
but met Alcmaon, son of Thestor, with his spear
Metre
ἀλλὅγεΘεστορίδην‖Ἀλκμάοναδουρὶτυχήσας
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctionsentence particleὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of νύξ̓γεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleΘεστορίδηνson of ThestorΘεστορίδης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ἈλκμάοναἈλκμάοναAlcmaonἈλκμάων · accusative singular masculine nounobject of νύξ̓δουρὶspearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to τυχήσαςτυχήσαςmeetingτυγχάνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to νύξ̓ - 395
and stabbed him, then wrenched the spear out; following the spear, he fell
νύξstabbedνύσσω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐκoutἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleAdverbial preverb separated from the verb: he wrenched the spear out.
δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔσπασενwrenchedσπάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔσπασενὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of πέσεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἑσπόμενοςfollowingἕπομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to πέσεπέσεfellπίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδουρὶthe spearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἑσπόμενος - 396
face down, and his ornate bronze armor clanged around him.
Metre
πρηνήςἀμφὶδέοἱ‖βράχετεύχεαποικίλαχαλκῷ
πρηνήςface downπρηνής · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionδέandδέ · particlesentence particleοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀμφὶβράχεclangedβραχεῖν · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτεύχεαarmorτεῦχος · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of βράχεποικίλαornateποικίλος · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχεαχαλκῷwith bronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounmodifies ποικίλα - 397
Then Sarpedon seized a battlement with his strong hands
Metre
Σαρπηδὼνἄρἔπαλξιν‖ἑλὼνχερσὶστιβαρῇσιν
ΣαρπηδὼνSarpedonΣαρπηδών · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἕλχ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔπαλξινbattlementἔπαλξις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἕλχ̓ἑλὼνseizingαἱρέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἕλχ̓χερσὶhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἑλὼνστιβαρῇσινstrongστιβαρός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies χερσὶ - 398
and pulled; the whole piece came away clean through, while above it
Metre
ἕλχἣἕσπετοπᾶσα‖διαμπερέςαὐτὰρὕπερθε
ἕλχpulledἕλκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἣitὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἕσπετοδandδέ · particlesentence particleἕσπετοcame awayἕπομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπᾶσαwholeπᾶς · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἣδιαμπερέςclean throughδιαμπερές · adverbadverbial to ἕσπετοαὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὕπερθεaboveὕπερθεν · adverbadverbial to ἐγυμνώθη - 399
the wall lay bare, and he opened a path for many.
Metre
τεῖχοςἐγυμνώθη‖πολέεσσιδὲθῆκεκέλευθον
τεῖχοςthe wallτεῖχος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἐγυμνώθηἐγυμνώθηlaid bareγυμνόω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπολέεσσιmanyπολύς · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of θῆκεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordθῆκεopenedτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκέλευθονpathκέλευθος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of θῆκε - 400
Ajax and Teucer met him together: Teucer with an arrow
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ὁμαρτήσανθ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΤεῦκροςTeucerΤεῦκρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶὁμαρτήσανθmet togetherὁμαρτέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὃoneὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of βεβλήκειμὲνon one sideμέν · particlesentence particleἰῷwith an arrowἰός · dative singular masculine nounobject of βεβλήκει - 401
struck the gleaming strap across his chest
Metre
βεβλήκειτελαμῶνα‖περὶστήθεσσιφαεινὸν
βεβλήκειhad struckβάλλω · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτελαμῶναstrapτελαμών · accusative singular masculine nounobject of βεβλήκειπερὶacrossπερί · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσιchestστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to περὶφαεινὸνgleamingφαεινός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies τελαμῶνα - 402
of the shield that covered him; but Zeus warded the death-dooms
Metre
ἀσπίδοςἀμφιβρότης‖ἀλλὰΖεὺςκῆραςἄμυνε
ἀσπίδοςshield'sἀσπίς · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies τελαμῶναἀμφιβρότηςbody-coveringἀμφίβροτος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀσπίδοςἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἄμυνεκῆραςdeath-doomsκήρ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἄμυνεἄμυνεwarded offἀμύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 403
from his son, so he would not be slain beside the ships' sterns.
Metre
παιδὸςἑοῦμὴνηυσὶν‖ἔπιπρύμνῃσιδαμείη
παιδὸςhis sonπαῖς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἄμυνεἑοῦhis ownἑός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies παιδὸςμὴnotμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionνηυσὶνshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἔπιἔπιbesideἐπί · prepositionprepositionπρύμνῃσιsternsπρύμνα · dative plural feminine nounmodifies νηυσὶνδαμείηmight be slainδαμάζω · aorist passive optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to μὴ - 404
Ajax sprang and stabbed the shield, but the spearhead did not pass all the way through;
Metre
Αἴαςἀσπίδανύξεν‖ἐπάλμενοςοὐδὲδιὰπρὸ
ΑἴαςAjaxΑἴας · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of νύξενδandδέ · particlesentence particleἀσπίδαshieldἀσπίς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of νύξεννύξενstabbedνύσσω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπάλμενοςspringingἐφάλλομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to νύξενδιὰthroughδιά · prepositionadverbial to ἤλυθενWith the following preverb, conveys passing all the way through the shield.
πρὸall the wayπρό · prepositionemphasizing particle - 405
the spear passed and staggered Sarpedon as he charged
Metre
ἤλυθενἐγχείη‖στυφέλιξεδέμινμεμαῶτα
ἤλυθενpassedἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐγχείηspearἐγχείη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἤλυθενστυφέλιξεstaggeredστυφελίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of στυφέλιξεμεμαῶταchargingμέμαα · perfect active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 406
and made him give a little ground from the battlement; yet he did not wholly
χώρησενgave groundχωρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτυτθὸνa littleτυτθός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to χώρησενἐπάλξιοςfrom the battlementἔπαλξις · genitive singular feminine nounobject of χώρησενὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of χάζετ̓γεat leastγε · particleemphasizing particleπάμπανwhollyπάμπαν · adverbadverbial to χάζετ̓ - 407
draw back, for his heart still hoped to win glory.
Metre
χάζετἐπείοἱθυμὸς‖ἐέλπετοκῦδοςἀρέσθαι
χάζετdraw backχάζω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπείforἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies θυμὸςθυμὸςspiritθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐέλπετοἐέλπετοhopedἔλπω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπείκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀρέσθαιἀρέσθαιto winαἴρω · aorist middle infinitiveobject of ἐέλπετο - 408
He wheeled and called aloud to the godlike Lycians:
Metre
κέκλετοἀντιθέοισιν‖ἑλιξάμενοςΛυκίοισιν
κέκλετοcalledκέλομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀντιθέοισινgodlikeἀντίθεος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Λυκίοισινἑλιξάμενοςwheelingἑλίσσω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κέκλετοΛυκίοισινLyciansΛύκιος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of κέκλετο - 409
"Lycians, why do you slacken so in furious valor?
Metre
ὦΛύκιοιτίἄρὧδε‖μεθίετεθούριδοςἀλκῆς
ὦoὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleΛύκιοιLyciansΛύκιοι · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headτίwhyτίς · irregularadverbial to μεθίετετandτε · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὧδεsoὧδε · adverbsentence particleμεθίετεslackenμεθίημι · present active indicative, 2nd plural verbmain verbθούριδοςfuriousθοῦρις · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀλκῆςἀλκῆςvalorἀλκή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of μεθίετε - 410
It is hard for me, strong though I am,
Metre
ἀργαλέονδέμοίἐστι‖καὶἰφθίμῳπερἐόντι
ἀργαλέονhardἀργαλέος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμοίfor meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐστιἐστιisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶevenκαί · adverbadverbial to ἐόντιἰφθίμῳstrongἴφθιμος · dative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particleConcessive particle with the participle: 'strong though I am.'
ἐόντιbeingεἰμί · present active participle, dative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 411
to break through alone and make a path beside the ships.
Metre
μούνῳῥηξαμένῳ‖θέσθαιπαρὰνηυσὶκέλευθον
μούνῳaloneμόνος · dative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementῥηξαμένῳbreaking throughῥήγνυμι · aorist middle participle, dative singular masculineadverbial to θέσθαιθέσθαιto makeτίθημι · aorist medio-passive infinitivesubject of ἐστιπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of παρὰκέλευθονpathκέλευθος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of θέσθαι - 412
Follow close behind me; the work of more men is better."
Metre
ἀλλἐφομαρτεῖτε‖πλεόνωνδέτιἔργονἄμεινον
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἐφομαρτεῖτεfollow closeἐφομαρτέω · present active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbπλεόνωνof more menπλείων · genitive plural comparative adjectivemodifies ἔργονδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτιaτις · accusative singular neuter pronounmodifies ἔργονἔργονworkἔργον · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectἄμεινονbetterἀμείνων · nominative singular neuter comparative adjectivepredicate noun - 413
So he spoke, and they, fearing their lord's rebuke,
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφαθ̓ἔφαθspokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐπέβρισανδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄνακτοςtheir lord'sἄναξ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ὁμοκλὴνὑποδείσαντεςfearingὑποδείδω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐπέβρισανὁμοκλὴνrebukeὁμοκλή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ὑποδείσαντες - 414
pressed harder around their king and counselor.
Metre
μᾶλλονἐπέβρισαν‖βουληφόρονἀμφὶἄνακτα
μᾶλλονharderμᾶλλον · adverbadverbial to ἐπέβρισανἐπέβρισανpressedἐπιβρίθω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbβουληφόρονcounsel-givingβουληφόρος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἄνακταἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionἄνακταlordἄναξ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀμφὶ - 415
and the Argives on the other side strengthened their battalions.
Metre
Ἀργεῖοιἑτέρωθεν‖ἐκαρτύναντοφάλαγγας
ἈργεῖοιArgivesἈργεῖος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἐκαρτύναντοδandδέ · particlesentence particleἑτέρωθενon the other sideἑτέρωθεν · adverbadverbial to ἐκαρτύναντοἐκαρτύναντοstrengthenedκρατύνω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbφάλαγγαςbattalionsφάλαγξ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐκαρτύναντο - 416
Within the wall, the struggle seemed immense to them:
Metre
τείχεοςἔντοσθεν‖μέγαδέσφισιφαίνετοἔργον
τείχεοςthe wallτεῖχος · genitive singular neuter nounadverbial to ἔντοσθενἔντοσθενwithinἔντοσθε · prepositionprepositionμέγαgreatμέγας · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔργονδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordσφισιto themσφεῖς · dative plural masculine pronounobject of φαίνετοφαίνετοseemedφαίνω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔργονstruggleἔργον · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of φαίνετο - 417
neither could the mighty Lycians break through
Metre
οὔτεγὰρἴφθιμοι‖ΛύκιοιΔαναῶνἐδύναντο
γὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἴφθιμοιmightyἴφθιμος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ΛύκιοιΛύκιοιLyciansΛύκιοι · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἐδύναντοΔαναῶνDanaans'Δαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τεῖχοςἐδύναντοcouldδύναμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 418
the Danaans' wall and make a path beside the ships,
Metre
τεῖχοςῥηξάμενοι‖θέσθαιπαρὰνηυσὶκέλευθον
τεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ῥηξάμενοιῥηξάμενοιbreaking throughῥήγνυμι · aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to θέσθαιθέσθαιto makeτίθημι · aorist medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἐδύναντοπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of παρὰκέλευθονpathκέλευθος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of θέσθαι - 419
nor could the spearfighting Danaans drive the Lycians
Metre
οὔτέποταἰχμηταὶ‖ΔαναοὶΛυκίουςἐδύναντο
οὔτέnorοὔτε · adverbcoordinating wordποτeverποτέ · particlesentence particleαἰχμηταὶspearmenαἰχμητής · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἐδύναντοΔαναοὶDanaansΔαναοί · nominative plural masculine nounmodifies αἰχμηταὶΛυκίουςLyciansΛύκιοι · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ὤσασθαιἐδύναντοcouldδύναμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 420
back from the wall once they had first drawn near.
Metre
τείχεοςἂψὤσασθαι‖ἐπεὶτὰπρῶταπέλασθεν
τείχεοςthe wallτεῖχος · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ὤσασθαιἂψbackἄψ · adverbadverbial to ὤσασθαιὤσασθαιdriveὠθέω · aorist middle infinitiveobject of ἐδύναντοἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτὰatὁ · accusative plural neuter articlemodifies πρῶταπρῶταfirstπρῶτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to πέλασθενπέλασθενdrew nearπελάζω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἐπεὶ - 421
But as two men quarrel over boundary stones,
Metre
ἀλλὥςἀμφοὔροισι‖δύἀνέρεδηριάασθον
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὥςasὡς · adverbadverbial to τ̓τandτε · particlesentence particleἀμφoverἀμφί · prepositionprepositionοὔροισιboundary stonesὅρος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀμφ̓δύtwoδύο · numeralmodifies ἀνέρεἀνέρεmenἀνήρ · nominative dual masculine nounsubject of δηριάασθονδηριάασθονquarrelδηριάομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verbadverbial to διέεργονThe dual verb agrees with the two men in the boundary-dispute simile.
- 422
holding measuring rods in a field they share,
Metre
μέτρἐνχερσὶνἔχοντες‖ἐπιξύνῳἐνἀρούρῃ
μέτρmeasuring rodsμέτρον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔχοντεςἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionχερσὶνhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνἔχοντεςholdingἔχω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to δηριάασθονἐπιξύνῳsharedἐπίξυνος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀρούρῃἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionἀρούρῃfieldἄρουρα · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐν - 423
and in a narrow strip contend for an equal share,
Metre
ὥὀλίγῳἐνὶχώρῳ‖ἐρίζητονπερὶἴσης
ὥtheyὅς · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of ἐρίζητοντandτε · particlesentence particleὀλίγῳnarrowὀλίγος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χώρῳἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionχώρῳstripχῶρος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνὶἐρίζητονcontendἐρίζω · present active subjunctive, 3rd dual verbverb of a clause describing ἀνέρεπερὶforπερί · prepositionprepositionἴσηςequal sharesἴσος · genitive singular feminine adjectiveobject of περὶ - 424
so the battlements divided them; and over these they
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to διέεργονἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτοὺςthemὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of διέεργονδιέεργονdividedδιείργω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐπάλξιεςbattlementsἔπαλξις · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of διέεργονοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of δῄουνδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὑπὲρoverὑπέρ · prepositionprepositionαὐτέωνthemαὐτός · genitive plural feminine adjectiveadverbial to ὑπὲρ - 425
hacked at one another's oxhides about the chest,
Metre
δῄουνἀλλήλων‖ἀμφὶστήθεσσιβοείας
δῄουνhacked atδηιόω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀλλήλωνone another'sἀλλήλων · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies στήθεσσιἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσιchestστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounmodifies ἀμφὶβοείαςoxhideβόειος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἀσπίδας - 426
well-rounded shields and winged bucklers.
Metre
ἀσπίδαςεὐκύκλους‖λαισήϊάτεπτερόεντα
ἀσπίδαςshieldsἀσπίς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of τεεὐκύκλουςwell-roundedεὔκυκλος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἀσπίδαςλαισήϊάbucklersλαισήιον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating wordπτερόενταwingedπτερόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies λαισήϊά - 427
Many were gashed through the skin by pitiless bronze,
Metre
πολλοὶοὐτάζοντο‖κατὰχρόανηλέϊχαλκῷ
πολλοὶmanyπολύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of οὐτάζοντοδandδέ · particlesentence particleοὐτάζοντοwere gashedοὐτάζω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκατὰthroughκατά · prepositionprepositionχρόαskinχρώς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κατὰνηλέϊpitilessνηλής · dative singular adjectivemodifies χαλκῷχαλκῷbronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounobject of οὐτάζοντο - 428
both those whose backs were bared whenever they turned
ἠμὲνbothἠμέν · conjunctionsentence particleὅτεῳanyone whoseὅστις · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies μετάφρεναστρεφθέντιturningστρέφω · aorist passive participle, dative singular masculinecircumstantial complementμετάφρεναbackμετάφρενον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of γυμνωθείηγυμνωθείηmight be baredγυμνόω · aorist passive optative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing πολλοὶ - 429
amid the fighting, and many were pierced straight through the shield itself.
Metre
μαρναμένωνπολλοὶ‖δὲδιαμπερὲςἀσπίδοςαὐτῆς
μαρναμένωνamid the fightingμάρναμαι · present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculinemodifies ὅτεῳπολλοὶmanyπολύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubjectδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδιαμπερὲςclean throughδιαμπερές · adverbadverbialἀσπίδοςshieldἀσπίς · genitive singular feminine nounobjectαὐτῆςitselfαὐτός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀσπίδος - 430
Everywhere the towers and battlements with warriors' blood
Metre
πάντῃδὴπύργοι‖καὶἐπάλξιεςαἵματιφωτῶν
πάντῃeverywhereπάντῃ · adverbadverbial to ἐρράδατ̓δὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleπύργοιtowersπύργος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐπάλξιεςbattlementsἔπαλξις · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of καὶαἵματιbloodαἷμα · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἐρράδατ̓φωτῶνwarriorsφώς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies αἵματι - 431
were spattered from both sides, by Trojans and Achaeans.
Metre
ἐρράδατἀμφοτέρωθεν‖ἀπὸΤρώωνκαὶἈχαιῶν
ἐρράδατwere spatteredῥαίνω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀμφοτέρωθενfrom both sidesἀμφοτέρωθεν · adverbadverbial to ἐρράδατ̓ἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionΤρώωνTrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies καὶ - 432
Yet even so they could not put the Achaeans to flight,
Metre
ἀλλοὐδὧςἐδύναντο‖φόβονποιῆσαιἈχαιῶν
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὧςeven soὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐδύναντοἐδύναντοcouldδύναμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbφόβονflightφόβος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ποιῆσαιποιῆσαιput toποιέω · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἐδύναντοἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies φόβον - 433
but they held, as an honest working woman holds her scales,
Metre
ἀλλἔχονὥςτετάλαντα‖γυνὴχερνῆτιςἀληθής
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἔχονheld firmἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὥςasὡς · adverbadverbialτεandτε · particlesentence particleτάλανταscalesτάλαντον · accusative plural neuter nounobjectγυνὴwomanγυνή · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectχερνῆτιςlaborerχερνῆτις · nominative singular feminine nounmodifies γυνὴἀληθήςhonestἀληθής · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies γυνὴ - 434
lifting weight and wool on either side
Metre
ἥτεσταθμὸνἔχουσα‖καὶεἴριονἀμφὶςἀνέλκει
ἥwhoὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounmodifies ἀνέλκειτεandτε · particlesentence particleσταθμὸνweightσταθμόν · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶἔχουσαholdingἔχω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἀνέλκεικαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordεἴριονwoolἔριον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶἀμφὶςon either sideἀμφίς · adverbadverbial to ἀνέλκειἀνέλκειliftsἀνέλκω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing γυνὴ - 435
to make them equal, so she may earn a meager wage for her children;
Metre
ἰσάζουσἵναπαισὶν‖ἀεικέαμισθὸνἄρηται
ἰσάζουσbalancing themἰσάζω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἀνέλκειἵναso thatἵνα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπαισὶνfor her childrenπαῖς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἄρηταιἀεικέαmeagerἀεικής · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies μισθὸνμισθὸνwageμισθός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἄρηταιἄρηταιmay earnαἴρω · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἵνα - 436
so evenly for them were battle and war stretched taut,
Metre
ὣςμὲντῶνἐπὶἶσα‖μάχητέτατοπτόλεμόςτε
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to τέτατομὲνon one sideμέν · particlesentence particleτῶνfor themὁ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies τεἐπὶatἐπί · prepositionprepositionἶσαequal strainἴσος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐπὶμάχηbattleμάχη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τετέτατοwas stretchedτείνω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbThe pluperfect presents battle as already stretched taut and evenly balanced.
πτόλεμόςwarπόλεμος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 437
until Zeus gave the greater glory to Hector,
Metre
πρίνὅτεδὴΖεὺςκῦδος‖ὑπέρτερονἝκτοριδῶκε
πρίνuntilπρίν · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴnowδή · particlesentence particleΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δῶκεκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of δῶκεὑπέρτερονgreaterὑπέρτερος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κῦδοςἝκτοριHectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of δῶκεδῶκεgaveδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτε - 438
Priam's son, who first leapt against the Achaeans' wall.
Metre
Πριαμίδῃὃςπρῶτος‖ἐσήλατοτεῖχοςἈχαιῶν
Πριαμίδῃson of PriamΠριαμίδης · dative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἕκτοριὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐσήλατοπρῶτοςfirstπρῶτος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐσήλατοleapt againstεἰσάλλομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἕκτοριτεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐσήλατοἈχαιῶνAchaeans'Ἀχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τεῖχος - 439
He shouted piercingly, calling to the Trojans:
Metre
ἤϋσενδὲδιαπρύσιον‖Τρώεσσιγεγωνώς
ἤϋσενshoutedαὔω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδιαπρύσιονpiercinglyδιαπρύσιος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἤϋσενΤρώεσσιTrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of γεγωνώςγεγωνώςcalling aloudγέγωνα · perfect active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἤϋσεν - 440
"Rise, horse-taming Trojans! Break the Argives' wall
Metre
ὄρνυσθἱππόδαμοι‖Τρῶεςῥήγνυσθεδὲτεῖχος
ὄρνυσθriseὄρνυμι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbἱππόδαμοιhorse-tamingἱππόδαμος · vocative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ΤρῶεςΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headῥήγνυσθεbreakῥήγνυμι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleτεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ῥήγνυσθε - 441
and cast god-kindled fire among their ships."
Metre
Ἀργείωνκαὶνηυσὶν‖ἐνίετεθεσπιδαὲςπῦρ
ἈργείωνArgives'Ἀργεῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τεῖχοςκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνηυσὶνamong the shipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνίετεἐνίετεcastἐνίημι · present active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbθεσπιδαὲςgod-kindledθεσπιδαής · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies πῦρπῦρfireπῦρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐνίετε - 442
So he spoke, urging them on; they all heard him with their ears
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάτ̓φάτspokeφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐποτρύνωνurgingἐποτρύνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to φάτ̓οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἄκουονδandδέ · particlesentence particleοὔασιearsοὖς · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἄκουονπάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies οἳἄκουονheardἀκούω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 443
and rushed upon the wall in one mass; some then
Metre
ἴθυσανἐπὶτεῖχος‖ἀολλέεςοἳμὲνἔπειτα
ἴθυσανrushedἰθύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionτεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐπὶἀολλέεςin one massἀολλής · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementοἳsomeὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐπέβαινονμὲνon one sideμέν · particlesentence particleἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbsentence particle - 444
mounted the battlements, holding sharpened spears,
Metre
κροσσάωνἐπέβαινον‖ἀκαχμέναδούρατἔχοντες
κροσσάωνbattlementsκρόσσαι · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἐπέβαινονἐπέβαινονwere mountingἐπιβαίνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀκαχμέναsharpenedἀκαχμένος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δούρατ̓δούρατspearsδόρυ · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔχοντεςἔχοντεςholdingἔχω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐπέβαινον - 445
while Hector seized and carried a stone that stood before
Metre
Ἕκτωρἁρπάξας‖λᾶανφέρενὅςῥαπυλάων
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of φέρενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἁρπάξαςseizingἁρπάζω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to φέρενλᾶανstoneλᾶας · accusative singular masculine nounobject of φέρενφέρενcarriedφέρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὅςwhichὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of αὐτὰρῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleπυλάωνthe gatesπύλη · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to πρόσθε - 446
the gates, thick at its base but tapering
Metre
ἑστήκειπρόσθε‖πρυμνὸςπαχύςαὐτὰρὕπερθεν
ἑστήκειstoodἵστημι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing αὐτὰρπρόσθεbeforeπρόσθεν · prepositionprepositionπρυμνὸςat the baseπρυμνός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπαχύςthickπαχύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὅςαὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordὕπερθενaboveὕπερθεν · adverbadverbial to ἔην - 447
to a sharp point. Not even two of the best men in the district,
ὀξὺςsharpὀξύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἔηνwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing αὐτὰρτὸνitὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ὀχλίσσειανδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleκεcouldἄν · particlesentence particleδύtwoδύο · numeralmodifies ἀνέρεἀνέρεmenἀνήρ · nominative dual masculine nounsubject of ὀχλίσσειανδήμουof the districtδῆμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἀρίστωἀρίστωbestἄριστος · nominative dual masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνέρε - 448
could easily lever it from the ground onto a wagon,
Metre
ῥηϊδίωςἐπἄμαξαν‖ἀποὔδεοςὀχλίσσειαν
ῥηϊδίωςeasilyῥᾴδιος · adverbadverbial to ὀχλίσσειανἐπontoἐπί · prepositionprepositionἄμαξανwagonἄμαξα · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐπ̓ἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionοὔδεοςgroundοὖδας · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ἀπ̓ὀχλίσσειανcould leverὀχλίζω · aorist active optative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 449
such as mortals now are; but he alone swung it with ease.
Metre
οἷοινῦνβροτοίεἰσ‖ὃδέμινῥέαπάλλεκαὶοἶος
οἷοιsuch asοἷος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounRepeats the heroic-age contrast: mortals of the poet's day could not match Hector's strength.
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to εἰσ̓βροτοίmortalsβροτός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of εἰσ̓εἰσareεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἀνέρεὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of πάλλεδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμινitμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of πάλλεῥέαeasilyῥέα · adverbadverbial to πάλλεπάλλεswungπάλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleοἶοςaloneοἶος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 450
The son of crooked-counseling Cronos made it light for him.
τόνitὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔθηκεοἱfor himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔθηκεἐλαφρὸνlightἐλαφρός · accusative singular masculine adjectivecomplement of ἔθηκεἔθηκεmadeτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΚρόνουCronos'sΚρόνος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πάϊςπάϊςsonπαῖς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔθηκεἀγκυλομήτεωcrooked-counselingἀγκυλομήτης · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Κρόνου - 451
As a shepherd easily carries the fleece of a ram,
Metre
ὡςὅτεποιμὴνῥεῖα‖φέρειπόκονἄρσενοςοἰὸς
ὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionποιμὴνshepherdποιμήν · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of φέρειῥεῖαeasilyῥεῖα · adverbadverbial to φέρειφέρειcarriesφέρω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to τέπόκονfleeceπόκος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of φέρειἄρσενοςmaleἄρσην · genitive singular nounmodifies οἰὸςοἰὸςramὄις · genitive singular masculine nouncircumstantial complement - 452
grasped in one hand, and its weight scarcely burdens him,
Metre
χειρὶλαβὼνἑτέρῃ‖ὀλίγοντέμινἄχθοςἐπείγει
χειρὶhandχείρ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to λαβὼνλαβὼνgraspingλαμβάνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to φέρειἑτέρῃoneἕτερος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χειρὶὀλίγονslightὀλίγος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἄχθοςτέandτε · particlecoordinating wordμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπείγειἄχθοςweightἄχθος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἐπείγειἐπείγειburdensἐπείγω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to τέ - 453
so Hector lifted the stone and bore it straight toward the door-planks
Metre
ὣςἝκτωρἰθὺς‖σανίδωνφέρελᾶανἀείρας
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φέρεἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of φέρεἰθὺςstraight towardἰθύς · prepositionprepositionσανίδωνdoor-planksσανίς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἰθὺςφέρεcarriedφέρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbλᾶανstoneλᾶας · accusative singular masculine nounobject of φέρεἀείραςliftingἀείρω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to φέρε - 454
that guarded the gates, close-set and strongly fitted,
Metre
αἵῥαπύλαςεἴρυντο‖πύκαστιβαρῶςἀραρυίας
αἵwhichὅς · nominative plural feminine pronounsubject of εἴρυντοῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleπύλαςgatesπύλη · accusative plural feminine nounobject of εἴρυντοεἴρυντοguardedἐρύω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing σανίδωνπύκαclose-setπύκα · adverbadverbial to ἀραρυίαςστιβαρῶςstrongστιβαρός · adverbadverbial to ἀραρυίαςἀραρυίαςfittedἀραρίσκω · perfect active participle, accusative plural femininemodifies - 455
high and double-leaved. Two bars on the inner side
Metre
δικλίδαςὑψηλάς‖δοιοὶἔντοσθενὀχῆες
δικλίδαςdouble-leavedδικλίς · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifiesὑψηλάςhighὑψηλός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifiesδοιοὶtwoδοιοί · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ὀχῆεςδandδέ · particlesentence particleἔντοσθενinsideἔντοσθε · adverbadverbial to εἶχονὀχῆεςbarsὀχεύς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of εἶχον - 456
held them crosswise, and a single locking bolt was fitted fast.
εἶχονheldἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐπημοιβοίcrosswiseἐπημοιβός · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ὀχῆεςμίαsingleεἷς · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κληῒςδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκληῒςlocking boltκλείς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐπαρήρειἐπαρήρειwas fitted fastἐπαραρίσκω · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 457
He came and stood very near, braced himself, and struck the middle,
Metre
στῆδὲμάλἐγγὺςἰών‖καὶἐρεισάμενοςβάλεμέσσας
στῆstoodἵστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleμάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleἐγγὺςnearἐγγύς · adverbadverbial to στῆἰώνapproachingεἶμι · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to στῆκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἐρεισάμενοςbracing himselfἐρείδω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βάλεβάλεstruckβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμέσσαςthe middleμέσος · accusative plural feminine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 458
planting his feet wide, so that his cast would lose none of its force.
Metre
εὖδιαβάςἵναμή‖οἱἀφαυρότερονβέλοςεἴη
εὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to διαβάςδιαβάςplanting wideδιαβαίνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βάλεἵναso thatἵνα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμήnotμή · adverbemphasizing particleοἱfor himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies βέλοςἀφαυρότερονweakerἀφαυρός · nominative singular neuter comparative adjectivepredicate nounComparative used predicatively: so that his cast would not be any weaker.
βέλοςcastβέλος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of εἴηεἴηmight beἐάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἵνα - 459
He broke both hinges away; the stone fell inward
ῥῆξεbrokeῥήγνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπawayἀπό · prepositionemphasizing particleἀμφοτέρουςbothἀμφότερος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θαιρούςθαιρούςhingesθαιρός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ῥῆξεπέσεfellπίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleλίθοςstoneλίθος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πέσεεἴσωinwardεἴσω · adverbobject of πέσε - 460
under its weight, and the gates groaned loudly around it; the bars no longer
Metre
βριθοσύνῃμέγαἀμφὶ‖πύλαιμύκονοὐδἄρὀχῆες
βριθοσύνῃunder its weightβριθοσύνη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to πέσεμέγαloudlyμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to μύκονδandδέ · particlesentence particleἀμφὶaround itἀμφί · prepositionemphasizing particleπύλαιgatesπύλη · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of μύκονμύκονgroanedμυκάομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὀχῆεςbarsὀχεύς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἐσχεθέτην - 461
held, and the door-planks split apart, one this way, one that,
Metre
ἐσχεθέτηνσανίδες‖δὲδιέτμαγενἄλλυδιςἄλλη
ἐσχεθέτηνno longer heldἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbThe dual verb refers to the two crossbars.
σανίδεςdoor-planksσανίς · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of διέτμαγενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδιέτμαγενsplit apartδιατμήγω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἄλλυδιςthis wayἄλλυδις · adverbadverbial to διέτμαγενἄλληoneἄλλος · nominative singular feminine adjectiveadverbial to ἄλλυδις - 462
under the stone's impact. Glorious Hector sprang inside,
λᾶοςstone'sλᾶας · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ῥιπῆςὑπὸunderὑπό · prepositionprepositionῥιπῆςimpactῥιπή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ὑπὸὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔσθορεsprang insideεἰσθρῴσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφαίδιμοςgloriousφαίδιμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 463
his face like sudden night, while bronze flashed
Metre
νυκτὶθοῇἀτάλαντος‖ὑπώπιαλάμπεδὲχαλκῷ
νυκτὶnightνύξ · dative singular feminine nounmodifies ἀτάλαντοςθοῇsuddenθοός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νυκτὶἀτάλαντοςlikeἀτάλαντος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementὑπώπιαhis faceὑπώπιον · accusative plural neuter nounmodifies ἀτάλαντοςλάμπεflashedλάμπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleχαλκῷin bronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to λάμπε - 464
terribly around the body it clothed; in his hands he held
Metre
σμερδαλέῳτὸνἕεστο‖περὶχροΐδοιὰδὲχερσὶ
σμερδαλέῳterribleσμερδαλέος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χαλκῷτὸνwhichὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἕεστοἕεστοhe had put onἕννυμι · pluperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing χαλκῷπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionχροΐhis bodyχρώς · dative singular masculine nounobject of περὶδοιὰtwoδοιοί · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δοῦῤδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχερσὶhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἔχεν - 465
two spears. No one meeting him could have checked him,
Metre
δοῦρἔχενοὔκέντίς‖μινἐρύκακενἀντιβολήσας
δοῦρspearsδόρυ · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔχενἔχενheldἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleκένcouldἄν · particlesentence particleτίςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐρύκακενμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐρύκακενἐρύκακενhave checkedἐρύκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀντιβολήσαςmeeting himἀντιβολέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐρύκακεν - 466
except a god, when he leapt within the gates; his eyes blazed with fire.
Metre
νόσφιθεῶνὅτἐσᾶλτο‖πύλαςπυρὶὄσσεδεδήει
νόσφιexceptνόσφι · prepositionprepositionθεῶνa godθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies νόσφιὅτwhenὅτι · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἐσᾶλτοhe leapt withinεἰσάλλομαι · aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτ̓πύλαςgatesπύλη · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐσᾶλτοπυρὶwith fireπῦρ · dative singular neuter nounobject of δεδήειδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὄσσεeyesὄσσα · nominative dual neuter nounsubject of δεδήειδεδήειblazedδαίω · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 467
He wheeled amid the throng and called to the Trojans
Metre
κέκλετοδὲΤρώεσσιν‖ἑλιξάμενοςκαθὅμιλον
κέκλετοcalledκέλομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΤρώεσσινTrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of κέκλετοἑλιξάμενοςwheelingἑλίσσω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κέκλετοκαθamidκατά · prepositionprepositionὅμιλονthrongὅμιλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καθ̓ - 468
to scale the wall, and they obeyed his urging.
τεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ὑπερβαίνεινὑπερβαίνεινto scaleὑπερβαίνω · present active infinitiveobject of κέκλετοτοὶtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of πίθοντοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὀτρύνοντιhis urgingὀτρύνω · present active participle, dative singular masculinecircumstantial complementπίθοντοobeyedπείθω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 469
At once some crossed over the wall, while others through the very
Metre
αὐτίκαοἳμὲντεῖχος‖ὑπέρβασανοἳδὲκαταὐτὰς
αὐτίκαat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to ὑπέρβασανδandδέ · particlesentence particleοἳsomeὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ὑπέρβασανμὲνon one sideμέν · particlesentence particleτεῖχοςwallτεῖχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ὑπέρβασανὑπέρβασανcrossed overὑπερβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbοἳothersὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐσέχυντοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκατthroughκατά · prepositionprepositionαὐτὰςthe veryαὐτός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies πύλας - 470
wrought gates poured in; the Danaans fled in rout
Metre
ποιητὰςἐσέχυντο‖πύλαςΔαναοὶδὲφόβηθεν
ποιητὰςwroughtποιητός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies πύλαςἐσέχυντοpoured inεἰσχέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπύλαςgatesπύλη · accusative plural feminine nounobject of κατ̓ΔαναοὶDanaansΔαναοί · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of φόβηθενδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleφόβηθενfled in routφοβέω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 471
among the hollow ships, and unending uproar arose.
νῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἀνὰἀνὰamongἀνά · prepositionprepositionγλαφυράςhollowγλαφυρός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαςὅμαδοςuproarὅμαδος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐτύχθηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀλίαστοςunendingἀλίαστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὅμαδοςἐτύχθηaroseτεύχω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb
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- Ἰλιάς, Homer. The Patrocleia.
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