Ancient Greek · The Ransom of Hector
Ἰλιάδος Τ
Book 19. The Renunciation of Wrath
Achilles and Agamemnon make up. Briseis is returned. Achilles arms, and his horse Xanthus tells him he will die.
Tap a line to open its words. The mark beside it plays it.
- 1
Saffron-robed Dawn rose from the streams of Oceanus
Metre
Ἠὼςμὲνκροκόπεπλος‖ἀπὨκεανοῖοῥοάων
ἨὼςDawnἠώς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ὄρνυθ̓μὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκροκόπεπλοςsaffron-robedκροκόπεπλος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἠὼςἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionὨκεανοῖοOceanusὨκεανός · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ῥοάωνῥοάωνstreamsῥοή · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἀπ̓ - 2
to bring light to immortals and mortals alike;
Metre
ὄρνυθἵνἀθανάτοισι‖φόωςφέροιἠδὲβροτοῖσιν
ὄρνυθroseὄρνυμι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἵνso thatἵνα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἀθανάτοισιimmortalsἀθάνατος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἠδὲφόωςlightφόως · accusative singular neuter nounobject of φέροιφέροιbringφέρω · present active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἵν̓ἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordβροτοῖσινmortalsβροτός · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἠδὲ - 3
and she came to the ships bearing gifts from the god.
Metre
ἣἐςνῆαςἵκανε‖θεοῦπάραδῶραφέρουσα
ἣsheὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἵκανεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionνῆαςshipsναῦς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐςἵκανεcameἱκάνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθεοῦthe godθεός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of πάραπάραfromπαρά · prepositionprepositionδῶραgiftsδῶρον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of φέρουσαφέρουσαbearingφέρω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἵκανε - 4
She found her dear son clinging around Patroclus,
Metre
εὗρεδὲΠατρόκλῳ‖περικείμενονὃνφίλονυἱὸν
εὗρεfoundεὑρίσκω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΠατρόκλῳPatroclusΠάτροκλος · dative singular masculine nounobject of περικείμενονπερικείμενονclinging aroundπερίκειμαι · present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementὃνhis ownἑός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱὸνφίλονdearφίλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱὸνυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εὗρε - 5
weeping shrilly; and many comrades around him
κλαίονταweepingκλαίω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementλιγέωςshrillyλιγέως · adverbadverbial to κλαίονταπολέεςmanyπολύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἑταῖροιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀμφaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionαὐτὸνhimαὐτός · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of ἀμφ̓ἑταῖροιcomradesἑταῖρος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of μύρονθ̓ - 6
were mourning. She stood among them, the shining one among goddesses,
Metre
μύρονθἣἐντοῖσι‖παρίστατοδῖαθεάων
μύρονθwere mourningμύρω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἣsheὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubjectδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐνamongἐν · prepositionprepositionτοῖσιthemὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of ἐνπαρίστατοstoodπαρίστημι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδῖαshiningδῖος · nominative singular feminine adjectivesubjectθεάωνgoddessesθεά · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies δῖα - 7
she took his hand, and spoke to him, and called him by name:
ἔνthereuponἐν · prepositionemphasizing particleτandτε · particlesentence particleἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of φῦφῦtook holdφύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχειρὶhandχείρ · dative singular feminine nounobject of φῦἔποςwordsἔπος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔφατ̓τandτε · particlesentence particleἔφατspokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔκbyἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleτandτε · particlecoordinating wordὀνόμαζεcalled by nameὀνομάζω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 8
"My child, though we grieve, we must let this man
Metre
τέκνονἐμὸντοῦτον‖μὲνἐάσομενἀχνύμενοίπερ
τέκνονchildτέκνον · vocative singular neuter noungoverned by an elided headἐμὸνmyἐμός · vocative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τέκνοντοῦτονthis manοὗτος · accusative singular masculine adjectivesubject of κεῖσθαιμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐάσομενletἐάω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbἀχνύμενοίthough grievingἀχεύω · present passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐάσομενπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particle - 9
lie, since first he was struck down by the will of the gods.
Metre
κεῖσθαιἐπεὶδὴπρῶτα‖θεῶνἰότητιδαμάσθη
κεῖσθαιlieκεῖμαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἐάσομενἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleπρῶταfirstπρῶτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to δαμάσθηθεῶνthe godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἰότητιἰότητιby the willἰότης · dative singular feminine nounobject of δαμάσθηδαμάσθηwas struck downδαμάζω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶ - 10
But you, accept the famed armor from Hephaestus,
Metre
τύνηἩφαίστοιο‖πάρακλυτὰτεύχεαδέξο
τύνηyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δέξοδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἩφαίστοιοHephaestusἭφαιστος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of πάραπάραfromπαρά · prepositionprepositionκλυτὰrenownedκλυτός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τεύχεατεύχεαarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of δέξοδέξοacceptδέχομαι · aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 11
very beautiful, such as no man has ever borne upon his shoulders."
Metre
καλὰμάλοἷοὔπώ‖τιςἀνὴρὤμοισιφόρησεν
καλὰbeautifulκαλός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ,μάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleοἷsuch asοἷος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of φόρησενοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleπώyetπω · particleadverbial to φόρησεντιςanyτις · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἀνὴρἀνὴρmanἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of φόρησενὤμοισιshouldersὦμος · dative plural masculine nounobject of φόρησενφόρησενborneφορέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing , - 12
So the goddess spoke, and set the armor down
Metre
ὡςἄραφωνήσασα‖θεὰκατὰτεύχεἔθηκε
ὡςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φωνήσασαἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleφωνήσασαhaving spokenφωνέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἔθηκεθεὰgoddessθεά · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔθηκεκατὰdownκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleτεύχεarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔθηκεἔθηκεsetτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 13
before Achilles; and all its cunning work rang aloud.
Metre
πρόσθενἈχιλλῆος‖τὰἀνέβραχεδαίδαλαπάντα
πρόσθενbeforeπρόσθεν · prepositionprepositionἈχιλλῆοςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of πρόσθεντὰtheyὁ · nominative plural neuter pronounmodifies ἀνέβραχεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀνέβραχεrang aloudἀνέβραχε · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδαίδαλαcunning workδαίδαλος · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τὰπάνταallπᾶς · nominative plural neuter adjectivecircumstantial complement - 14
Trembling seized all the Myrmidons, and no one dared
Metre
Μυρμιδόναςἄραπάντας‖ἕλετρόμοςοὐδέτιςἔτλη
ΜυρμιδόναςMyrmidonsΜυρμιδόνες · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἕλεδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleπάνταςallπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Μυρμιδόναςἕλεseizedαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτρόμοςtremblingτρόμος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἕλετιςno oneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔτληἔτληdaredτλάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 15
look straight at it; they shrank in fear. But Achilles,
Metre
ἄντηνεἰσιδέειν‖ἀλλἔτρεσαναὐτὰρἈχιλλεὺς
ἄντηνstraight atἄντην · adverbadverbial to εἰσιδέεινεἰσιδέεινlook straight atεἰσείδω · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἔτληἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἔτρεσανshrank in fearτρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbαὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἈχιλλεὺςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εἶδ̓ - 16
when he saw it, felt anger sink deeper into him, and his eyes
Metre
ὡςεἶδὥςμινμᾶλλον‖ἔδυχόλοςἐνδέοἱὄσσε
ὡςwhenὡς · adverbsubordinating conjunctionεἶδhe sawεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὡςὥςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔδυμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔδυμᾶλλονmore deeplyμᾶλλον · adverbadverbial to ἔδυἔδυsankδύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχόλοςangerχόλος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔδυἐνwithinἐν · prepositionemphasizing particleδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies ὄσσεὄσσεeyesὄσσε · nominative dual neuter nounsubject of ἐξεφάανθεν - 17
blazed terribly beneath his lids, as though a flame shone out;
Metre
δεινὸνὑπὸβλεφάρων‖ὡςεἰσέλαςἐξεφάανθεν
δεινὸνterriblyδεινός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐξεφάανθενὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionβλεφάρωνeyelidsβλέφαρον · genitive plural neuter nounadverbial to ὑπὸὡςas thoughὡς · adverbadverbialεἰas ifεἰ · conjunctionemphasizing particleσέλαςflameσέλας · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectἐξεφάανθενblazed outἐκφαίνω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 18
and he rejoiced to hold the god's glorious gifts in his hands.
Metre
τέρπετοἐνχείρεσσιν‖ἔχωνθεοῦἀγλαὰδῶρα
τέρπετοrejoicedτέρπω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionχείρεσσινhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνἔχωνholdingἔχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to τέρπετοθεοῦthe god’sθεός · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies δῶραἀγλαὰgloriousἀγλαός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δῶραδῶραgiftsδῶρον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔχων - 19
But when his heart had taken its delight in gazing on the cunning work,
Metre
αὐτὰρἐπεὶφρεσὶνᾗσι‖τετάρπετοδαίδαλαλεύσσων
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · adverbsubordinating conjunctionφρεσὶνheartφρήν · dative plural feminine nounobject of τετάρπετοᾗσιhis ownἑός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies φρεσὶντετάρπετοhad taken delightτέρπω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶδαίδαλαcunning workδαίδαλος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of λεύσσωνλεύσσωνgazing onλεύσσω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to τετάρπετο - 20
at once he addressed his mother with winged words:
Metre
αὐτίκαμητέραἣν‖ἔπεαπτερόενταπροσηύδα
αὐτίκαat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to προσηύδαμητέραmotherμήτηρ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of προσηύδαἣνhisἑός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μητέραἔπεαwordsἔπος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of προσηύδαπτερόενταwingedπτερόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔπεαπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 21
"My mother, the god has given armor such as it is fitting
Metre
μῆτερἐμὴτὰμὲνὅπλα‖θεὸςπόρενοἷἐπιεικὲς
μῆτερmotherμήτηρ · vocative singular feminine noungoverned by an elided headἐμὴmyἐμός · vocative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μῆτερτὰtheὁ · accusative plural neuter articlemodifies ὅπλαμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleὅπλαarmorὅπλον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of πόρενθεὸςthe godθεός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πόρενπόρενhas givenπόρω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοἷsuch asοἷος · accusative plural neuter adjectivesubject of ἔμενἐπιεικὲςfittingἐπιεικής · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἔμεν - 22
for immortals to make, not for any mortal man to accomplish.
Metre
ἔργἔμενἀθανάτων‖μὴδὲβροτὸνἄνδρατελέσσαι
ἔργworkἔργον · accusative plural neuter nounpredicate nounἔμενto beεἰμί · present active infinitivemodifies δὲἀθανάτωνimmortalsἀθάνατος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἔργ̓μὴnotμή · particleemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordβροτὸνmortalβροτός · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ἄνδραἄνδραmanἀνήρ · accusative singular masculine nounsubject of τελέσσαιτελέσσαιaccomplishτελέω · aorist active infinitivemodifies δὲ - 23
Now I shall arm myself; but I fear terribly
Metre
νῦνἤτοιμὲνἐγὼ‖θωρήξομαιἀλλὰμάλαἰνῶς
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to θωρήξομαιδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of θωρήξομαιθωρήξομαιshall arm myselfθωρήσσω · future middle indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleμάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleαἰνῶςterriblyαἰνός · adverbadverbial to δείδω - 24
that meanwhile, into the valiant son of Menoetius,
Metre
δείδωμήμοιτόφρα‖Μενοιτίουἄλκιμονυἱὸν
δείδωI fearδείδω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbμήthatμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμοιfor meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἐγγείνωνταιτόφραmeanwhileτόφρα · adverbadverbial to ἐγγείνωνταιΜενοιτίουMenoetiusΜενοίτιος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὸνἄλκιμονvaliantἄλκιμος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱὸνυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καδδῦσαι - 25
flies may crawl through the wounds struck by bronze,
Metre
μυῖαικαδδῦσαι‖κατὰχαλκοτύπουςὠτειλὰς
μυῖαιfliesμυῖα · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἐγγείνωνταικαδδῦσαιcrawling intoκαταδύω · aorist active participle, nominative plural feminineadverbial to ἐγγείνωνταικατὰthroughκατά · prepositionprepositionχαλκοτύπουςstruck by bronzeχαλκότυπος · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ὠτειλὰςὠτειλὰςwoundsὠτειλή · accusative plural feminine nounobject of κατὰ - 26
breed worms, and disfigure the corpse,
Metre
εὐλὰςἐγγείνωνται‖ἀεικίσσωσιδὲνεκρόν
εὐλὰςwormsεὐλή · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐγγείνωνταιἐγγείνωνταιbreedἐγγείνωνται · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verbobject of δὲἀεικίσσωσιdisfigureἀεικίζω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbobject of δὲδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordνεκρόνcorpseνεκρός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀεικίσσωσι - 27
now that life has been slain out of him, and all his flesh may rot."
ἐκoutἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlesentence particleαἰὼνlifeαἰών · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πέφαταιπέφαταιhas been slainθείνω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of δὲκατὰthroughκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχρόαfleshχρώς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of σαπήῃπάνταallπᾶς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χρόασαπήῃrotσήπω · aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verbobject of δὲ - 28
Then the goddess, silver-footed Thetis, answered him:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἠμείβετ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἠμείβετansweredἀμείβω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἠμείβετ̓θεὰgoddessθεά · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectΘέτιςThetisΘέτις · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectἀργυρόπεζαsilver-footedἀργυρόπεζα · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Θέτις - 29
"My child, do not let these things trouble your mind.
Metre
τέκνονμήτοιταῦτα‖μετὰφρεσὶσῇσιμελόντων
τέκνονchildτέκνον · vocative singular neuter noungoverned by an elided headμήnotμή · adverbemphasizing particleτοιfor youσύ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of μελόντωνταῦταthese thingsοὗτος · nominative plural neuter adjectivesubject of μελόντωνμετὰwithinμετά · prepositionprepositionφρεσὶmindφρήν · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to μετὰσῇσιyourσός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies φρεσὶμελόντωνtroubleμέλω · present active imperative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 30
I shall try to keep the savage swarms away from him—
Metre
τῷμὲνἐγὼπειρήσω‖ἀλαλκεῖνἄγριαφῦλα
τῷfrom himὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀλαλκεῖνμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of πειρήσωπειρήσωshall tryπειράω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἀλαλκεῖνkeep awayἄλαλκε · aorist active infinitiveobject of πειρήσωἄγριαsavageἄγριος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies φῦλαφῦλαswarmsφῦλον · accusative plural neuter nounobject - 31
the flies that devour men slain in battle.
Metre
μυίαςαἵῥάτεφῶτας‖ἀρηϊφάτουςκατέδουσιν
μυίαςfliesμυῖα · accusative plural feminine nounobjectαἵwhoὅς · nominative plural feminine pronounsubject of κατέδουσινῥάindeedἄρα · particlesentence particleτεandτε · particlesentence particleφῶταςmenφώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of κατέδουσινἀρηϊφάτουςslain in battleἀρείφατος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies φῶταςκατέδουσινdevourκατέδω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing μυίας - 32
Even if he lies here through a full year's course,
Metre
ἤνπεργὰρκεῖταί‖γετελεσφόρονεἰςἐνιαυτόν
ἤνeven ifἐάν · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπερevenπέρ · particleemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleκεῖταίliesκεῖμαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἤνγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleτελεσφόρονfullτελεσφόρος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἐνιαυτόνεἰςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἐνιαυτόνyearἐνιαυτός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to εἰς - 33
his flesh will always remain firm, or grow better still.
Metre
αἰεὶτῷἔσται‖χρὼςἔμπεδοςἢκαὶἀρείων
αἰεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἔσταιτῷfor himὁ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔσταιγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἔσταιwill remainεἰμί · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχρὼςfleshχρώς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔσταιἔμπεδοςfirmἔμπεδος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἀρείωνbetterἀρείων · nominative singular masculine comparative adjectivepredicate noun - 34
But call the Achaean heroes into assembly,
Metre
ἀλλὰσύεἰςἀγορὴν‖καλέσαςἥρωαςἈχαιοὺς
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleσύyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δ̓γindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleεἰςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἀγορὴνassemblyἀγορά · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἰςκαλέσαςhaving calledκαλέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to θωρήσσεοἥρωαςheroesἥρως · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καλέσαςἈχαιοὺςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἥρωας - 35
renounce your wrath against Agamemnon, shepherd of the people,
μῆνινwrathμῆνις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀποειπὼνἀποειπὼνrenounceἀπεῖπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to θωρήσσεοἈγαμέμνονιAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἀποειπὼνποιμένιshepherdποιμήν · dative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγαμέμνονιλαῶνpeopleλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ποιμένι - 36
arm yourself swiftly for war, and clothe yourself in valor."
Metre
αἶψαμάλἐςπόλεμον‖θωρήσσεοδύσεοἀλκήν
αἶψαswiftlyαἶψα · adverbadverbial to θωρήσσεομάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionπόλεμονwarπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐςθωρήσσεοarm yourselfθωρήσσω · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbδύσεοclothe yourselfδύω · aorist medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀλκήνvalorἀλκή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of δύσεο - 37
So she spoke and breathed high courage into him;
Metre
ὣςἄραφωνήσασα‖μένοςπολυθαρσὲςἐνῆκε
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φωνήσασαἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleφωνήσασαhaving spokenφωνέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἐνῆκεμένοςcourageμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐνῆκεπολυθαρσὲςhighπολυθαρσής · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies μένοςἐνῆκεbreathed intoἐνίημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 38
then into Patroclus she poured ambrosia and red nectar,
Metre
Πατρόκλῳαὖτἀμβροσίην‖καὶνέκταρἐρυθρὸν
ΠατρόκλῳPatroclusΠάτροκλος · dative singular masculine nounobject of στάξεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτthenαὖτε · adverbsentence particleἀμβροσίηνambrosiaἀμβροσίη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordνέκταρnectarνέκταρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶἐρυθρὸνredἐρυθρός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies νέκταρ - 39
dripping them through his nostrils, so that his flesh might remain firm.
Metre
στάξεκατὰῥινῶν‖ἵναοἱχρὼςἔμπεδοςεἴη
στάξεpouredστάζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκατὰthroughκατά · prepositionprepositionῥινῶνnostrilsῥίς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of κατὰἵναso thatἵνα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of εἴηχρὼςfleshχρώς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εἴηἔμπεδοςfirmἔμπεδος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounεἴηmight remainεἰμί · present active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἵνα - 40
Then godlike Achilles went along the shore of the sea,
Metre
αὐτὰρὃβῆπαρὰθῖνα‖θαλάσσηςδῖοςἈχιλλεὺς
αὐτὰρthenἀτάρ · particlesentence particleὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectβῆwentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionθῖναshoreθίς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of παρὰθαλάσσηςseaθάλασσα · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies θῖναδῖοςgodlikeδῖος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχιλλεὺςἈχιλλεὺςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 41
shouting terribly, and roused the Achaean heroes.
σμερδαλέαterriblyσμερδαλέος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἰάχωνἰάχωνshoutingἰάχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βῆὦρσενrousedὄρνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἥρωαςheroesἥρως · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ὦρσενἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἥρωας - 42
Even those who before had always stayed at the ships' gathering—
Metre
καίοἵπερτὸπάρος‖γενεῶνἐνἀγῶνιμένεσκον
καίevenκαί · conjunctionsentence particleῥthenἄρα · particlesentence particleοἵthose whoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of μένεσκονπερevenπέρ · particleemphasizing particleτὸtheὁ · accusative singular neuter articlemodifies πάροςπάροςbeforeπάρος · adverbadverbial to μένεσκονγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleνεῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies ἀγῶνιἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionἀγῶνιgatheringἀγών · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνμένεσκονstayedμένω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing οἳ - 43
the pilots and those who held the ships' steering oars,
οἵwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκυβερνῆταιpilotsκυβερνήτης · nominative plural masculine nounpredicate nounκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἔχονheldἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing καὶοἰήϊαsteering oarsοἰήιον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔχοννηῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies οἰήϊα - 44
and the stewards beside the ships, dispensers of provisions—
Metre
καὶταμίαιπαρὰνηυσὶν‖ἔσανσίτοιοδοτῆρες
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordταμίαιstewardsταμία · nominative plural feminine nounpredicate nounπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶνshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to παρὰἔσανwereεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing καὶσίτοιοprovisionsσῖτος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies δοτῆρεςδοτῆρεςdispensersδοτήρ · nominative plural masculine nounmodifies ταμίαι - 45
even they now went to the assembly, because Achilles
Metre
καὶμὴνοἳτότεεἰς‖ἀγορὴνἴσανοὕνεκἈχιλλεὺς
καὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleμὴνindeedμήν · particlesentence particleοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἴσαντότεthenτότε · adverbadverbial to ἴσανγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleεἰςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἀγορὴνassemblyἀγορά · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἰςἴσανwentεἶμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbοὕνεκbecauseοὕνεκα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἈχιλλεὺςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐξεφάνη - 46
had appeared after holding back so long from grievous battle.
Metre
ἐξεφάνηδηρὸν‖δὲμάχηςἐπέπαυτἀλεγεινῆς
ἐξεφάνηappearedἐκφαίνω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δὲδηρὸνlongδηρός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐπέπαυτ̓δὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμάχηςbattleμάχη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐπέπαυτ̓ἐπέπαυτhad held backπαύω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δὲἀλεγεινῆςgrievousἀλεγεινός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies μάχης - 47
The two came limping, both henchmen of Ares,
Metre
τὼδὲδύωσκάζοντε‖βάτηνἌρεοςθεράποντε
τὼthe twoὁ · nominative dual masculine articlemodifies θεράποντεδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδύωtwoδύο · numeralmodifies θεράποντεσκάζοντεlimpingσκάζω · present active participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to βάτηνβάτηνcameβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbἌρεοςAresἌρης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θεράποντεθεράποντεhenchmenθεράπων · nominative dual masculine nounmodifies καὶ - 48
the steadfast-in-battle son of Tydeus and godlike Odysseus,
Metre
Τυδεΐδηςτεμενεπτόλεμος‖καὶδῖοςὈδυσσεὺς
Τυδεΐδηςson of TydeusΤυδείδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleμενεπτόλεμοςsteadfast in battleμενεπτόλεμος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Τυδεΐδηςκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordδῖοςgodlikeδῖος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσσεὺςὈδυσσεὺςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶ - 49
leaning on their spears, for they still had grievous wounds;
Metre
ἔγχειἐρειδομένω‖ἔτιγὰρἔχονἕλκεαλυγρά
ἔγχειspearsἔγχος · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἐρειδομένωἐρειδομένωleaning onἐρείδω · present medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to βάτηνἔτιstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to ἔχονγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἔχονhadἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἕλκεαwoundsἕλκος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἔχονλυγράgrievousλυγρός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἕλκεα - 50
and they came and sat down in the foremost place of assembly.
Metre
κὰδδὲμετὰπρώτῃ‖ἀγορῇἵζοντοκιόντες
κὰδdownκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionπρώτῃforemostπρῶτος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀγορῇἀγορῇassemblyἀγορά · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to μετὰἵζοντοsat downἵζω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκιόντεςcameκίω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἵζοντο - 51
Last came Agamemnon, lord of men,
Metre
αὐτὰρὃδεύτατοςἦλθεν‖ἄναξἀνδρῶνἈγαμέμνων
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies Ἀγαμέμνωνδεύτατοςlastδεύτατος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἦλθενcameἔρχομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄναξlordἄναξ · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγαμέμνωνἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἄναξἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἦλθεν - 52
bearing his wound; for in the mighty combat
Metre
ἕλκοςἔχωνκαὶγὰρ‖τὸνἐνὶκρατερῇὑσμίνῃ
ἕλκοςwoundἕλκος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔχωνἔχωνbearingἔχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἦλθενκαὶandκαί · adverbcoordinating wordγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of οὖταἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionκρατερῇmightyκρατερός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ὑσμίνῃὑσμίνῃcombatὑσμίνη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνὶ - 53
Coon, son of Antenor, had stabbed him with a bronze-shod spear.
Metre
οὖταΚόωνἈντηνορίδης‖χαλκήρεϊδουρί
οὖταstabbedοὐτάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΚόωνCoonΚόων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of οὖταἈντηνορίδηςson of AntenorἈντηνορίδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Κόωνχαλκήρεϊbronze-shodχαλκήρης · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δουρίδουρίspearδόρυ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to οὖτα - 54
But when all the Achaeans had gathered together,
Metre
αὐτὰρἐπεὶδὴπάντες‖ἀολλίσθησανἈχαιοί
αὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordἐπεὶwhenἐπεί · adverbsubordinating conjunctionδὴindeedδή · particleemphasizing particleπάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχαιοίἀολλίσθησανgathered togetherἀολλίζω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἐπεὶἈχαιοίAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἀολλίσθησαν - 55
swift-footed Achilles rose among them and spoke:
Metre
τοῖσιἀνιστάμενος‖μετέφηπόδαςὠκὺςἈχιλλεύς
τοῖσιamong themὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of μετέφηδandδέ · particlesentence particleἀνιστάμενοςrisingἀνίστημι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μετέφημετέφηspokeμετάφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπόδαςfeetπούς · accusative plural masculine nounadverbial to ὠκὺςὠκὺςswiftὠκύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχιλλεύςἈχιλλεύςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of μετέφη - 56
"Son of Atreus, was this, then, better for us both,
Metre
Ἀτρεΐδηἦἄρ‖τιτόδἀμφοτέροισινἄρειον
Ἀτρεΐδηson of AtreusἈτρείδης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἦthenἦ · adverbsentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτιin any wayτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to ἔπλετοτόδthisὅδε · nominative singular neuter pronounsubject of ἔπλετοἀμφοτέροισινfor us bothἀμφότερος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies καὶἄρειονbetterἀρείων · nominative singular neuter comparative adjectivepredicate noun - 57
for you and me, when the two of us, grieving at heart,
Metre
ἔπλετοσοὶκαὶἐμοί‖ὅτενῶΐπερἀχνυμένωκῆρ
ἔπλετοwasπέλω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbσοὶyouσύ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐμοίfor meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to καὶὅwhenὅς · accusative singular neuter pronounsubordinating conjunctionτεandτε · particleemphasizing particleνῶΐwe twoἐγώ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of μενεήναμενπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἀχνυμένωgrievingἀχεύω · present passive participle, nominative dual masculineadverbial to μενεήναμενκῆρheartκῆρ · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἀχνυμένω - 58
raged in heart-devouring strife for the sake of a girl?
Metre
θυμοβόρῳἔριδι‖μενεήναμενεἵνεκακούρης
θυμοβόρῳheart-devouringθυμοβόρος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἔριδιἔριδιstrifeἔρις · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to μενεήναμενμενεήναμενragedμενεαίνω · aorist active indicative, 1st plural verbverb of a clause describing ὅεἵνεκαforἕνεκα · prepositionprepositionκούρηςgirlκόρη · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to εἵνεκα - 59
I wish Artemis had killed her beside the ships with an arrow
Metre
τὴνὄφελἐννήεσσι‖κατακτάμενἌρτεμιςἰῷ
τὴνherὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of κατακτάμενὄφελif onlyὀφείλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionνήεσσιshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐνκατακτάμενhad killedκατακτείνω · aorist active infinitiveobject of ὄφελ̓ἌρτεμιςArtemisἌρτεμις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ὄφελ̓ἰῷarrowἰός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to κατακτάμεν - 60
on the day I took her after destroying Lyrnessus.
Metre
ἤματιτῷὅτἐγὼν‖ἑλόμηνΛυρνησσὸνὀλέσσας
ἤματιdayἦμαρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to κατακτάμεντῷthatὁ · dative singular neuter articlemodifies ἤματιὅτwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἐγὼνIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἑλόμηνἑλόμηνtookαἱρέω · aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verbverb of a clause describing ὅτ̓ΛυρνησσὸνLyrnessusΛυρνησσός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὀλέσσαςὀλέσσαςdestroyingὄλλυμι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἑλόμην - 61
Then not so many Achaeans would have bitten the boundless earth
Metre
τώοὐτόσσοιἈχαιοὶ‖ὀδὰξἕλονἄσπετονοὖδας
τώthenτῷ · adverbsentence particleκwouldἄν · particlesentence particleοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτόσσοιso manyτόσος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχαιοὶἈχαιοὶAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἕλονὀδὰξwith teethὀδάξ · adverbadverbial to ἕλονἕλονseizedαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἄσπετονboundlessἄσπετος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies οὖδαςοὖδαςgroundοὖδας · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἕλον - 62
beneath our enemies' hands while I held back in wrath.
Metre
δυσμενέωνὑπὸχερσὶν‖ἐμεῦἀπομηνίσαντος
δυσμενέωνenemiesδυσμενής · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies χερσὶνὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionχερσὶνhandsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ὑπὸἐμεῦIἐγώ · genitive singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀπομηνίσαντοςἀπομηνίσαντοςholding back in wrathἀπομηνίω · aorist active participle, genitive singular masculineadverbial to ἕλον - 63
For Hector and the Trojans it was the better course; but the Achaeans,
Metre
ἝκτοριμὲνκαὶΤρωσὶ‖τὸκέρδιοναὐτὰρἈχαιοὺς
ἝκτοριHectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to καὶμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΤρωσὶTrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to καὶτὸtheὁ · nominative singular neuter articlemodifies κέρδιονκέρδιονbetterκερδίων · nominative singular neuter comparative adjectivepredicate nounαὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἈχαιοὺςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectivesubject of μνήσεσθαι - 64
I think, will long remember the strife between you and me.
Metre
δηρὸνἐμῆςκαὶσῆς‖ἔριδοςμνήσεσθαιὀΐω
δηρὸνlongδηρός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to μνήσεσθαιἐμῆςmyἐμός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordσῆςyourσός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies καὶἔριδοςstrifeἔρις · genitive singular feminine nounobject of μνήσεσθαιμνήσεσθαιrememberμιμνήσκω · future middle infinitiveobject of ὀΐωὀΐωI thinkοἴομαι · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 65
But let us leave those things accomplished, though we grieve,
Metre
ἀλλὰτὰμὲνπροτετύχθαι‖ἐάσομενἀχνύμενοίπερ
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleτὰthose thingsὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounsubject of προτετύχθαιμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleπροτετύχθαιalready accomplishedπροτεύχω · perfect medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἐάσομενἐάσομενlet us leaveἐάω · future active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbἀχνύμενοίgrievingἀχεύω · present passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐάσομενπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particle - 66
mastering the dear heart in our breasts by force.
Metre
θυμὸνἐνὶστήθεσσι‖φίλονδαμάσαντεςἀνάγκῃ
θυμὸνheartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of δαμάσαντεςἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσιbreastsστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounmodifies ἐνὶφίλονdearφίλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμὸνδαμάσαντεςmasteringδαμάζω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐάσομενἀνάγκῃby forceἀνάγκη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to δαμάσαντες - 67
Now I put an end to my anger; I must not
Metre
νῦνἤτοιμὲνἐγὼ‖παύωχόλονοὐδέτίμεχρὴ
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to παύωδandδέ · particlesentence particleἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of παύωπαύωput an endπαύω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbχόλονangerχόλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of παύωτίat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to χρὴμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of μενεαινέμενχρὴmustχρή · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 68
rage without cease forever. Come, quickly
Metre
ἀσκελέωςαἰεὶ‖μενεαινέμενἀλλἄγεθᾶσσον
ἀσκελέωςwithout ceaseἀσκελής · adverbadverbial to μενεαινέμεναἰεὶforeverἀεί · adverbadverbial to μενεαινέμενμενεαινέμενrageμενεαίνω · present active infinitivesubject of χρὴἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἄγεcomeἄγε · adverbsentence particleθᾶσσονquicklyταχύς · accusative singular neuter comparative adjectiveadverbial to ὄτρυνον - 69
rouse the long-haired Achaeans to war,
Metre
ὄτρυνονπόλεμον‖δὲκάρηκομόωνταςἈχαιούς
ὄτρυνονrouseὀτρύνω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbπόλεμονwarπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὄτρυνονδὲtoδέ · particleemphasizing particleκάρηheadsκάρα · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to κομόωνταςκομόωνταςlong-hairedκομάω · present active participle, accusative plural masculinemodifies ἈχαιούςἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ὄτρυνον - 70
so that I may yet go against the Trojans and test them,
Metre
ὄφρἔτικαὶΤρώων‖πειρήσομαιἀντίονἐλθὼν
ὄφρso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἔτιstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to πειρήσομαικαὶagainκαί · adverbemphasizing particleΤρώωνTrojansΤρώς · genitive plural nounobject of πειρήσομαιπειρήσομαιtryπειράω · aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to ὄφῤἀντίονagainstἀντίος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveobject of ἐλθὼνἐλθὼνhaving goneἔρχομαι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to πειρήσομαι - 71
whether they still wish to sleep beside the ships. But I think one of them
Metre
αἴἐθέλωσἐπὶνηυσὶν‖ἰαύεινἀλλάτινοἴω
αἴwhetherεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἐθέλωσwishἐθέλω · present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to αἴἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶνshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐπὶἰαύεινsleepἰαύω · present active infinitiveobject of ἐθέλωσ̓ἀλλάbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleτινoneτις · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of κάμψεινοἴωI thinkὀίω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 72
will gladly bend his knee to rest, if he escapes
Metre
ἀσπασίωςαὐτῶν‖γόνυκάμψεινὅςκεφύγῃσι
ἀσπασίωςgladlyἀσπάσιος · adverbadverbial to κάμψειναὐτῶνof themαὐτός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies τιν̓γόνυkneeγόνυ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of κάμψεινκάμψεινbendκάμπτω · future active infinitiveobject of οἴωὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of φύγῃσικεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleφύγῃσιescapesφεύγω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τιν̓ - 73
from destructive war beneath our spear."
Metre
δηΐουἐκπολέμοιο‖ὑπἔγχεοςἡμετέροιο
δηΐουdestructiveδάιος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies πολέμοιοἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπολέμοιοwarπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκὑπbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionἔγχεοςspearἔγχος · genitive singular neuter nounobject of ὑπ̓ἡμετέροιοourἡμέτερος · genitive singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχεος - 74
So he spoke, and the well-greaved Achaeans rejoiced
Metre
ὣςἔφαθοἳἐχάρησαν‖ἐϋκνήμιδεςἈχαιοὶ
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφαθ̓ἔφαθspokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine articlemodifies Ἀχαιοὶδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐχάρησανrejoicedχαίρω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐϋκνήμιδεςwell-greavedἐυκνήμις · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχαιοὶἈχαιοὶAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἐχάρησαν - 75
because the great-hearted son of Peleus had renounced his wrath.
Metre
μῆνινἀπειπόντος‖μεγαθύμουΠηλεΐωνος
μῆνινwrathμῆνις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀπειπόντοςἀπειπόντοςhaving renouncedἀπεῖπον · aorist active participle, genitive singular masculineadverbial to ἐχάρησανμεγαθύμουgreat-heartedμεγάθυμος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΠηλεΐωνοςΠηλεΐωνοςson of PeleusΠηλείων · genitive singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπειπόντος - 76
Then among them spoke Agamemnon, lord of men:
Metre
τοῖσιδὲκαὶμετέειπεν‖ἄναξἀνδρῶνἈγαμέμνων
τοῖσιamong themὁ · dative plural masculine pronounobject of μετέειπενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαὶandκαί · adverbsentence particleμετέειπενspokeμετεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄναξlordἄναξ · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγαμέμνωνἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἄναξἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of μετέειπεν - 77
from where he sat, without rising in their midst:
Metre
αὐτόθενἐξἕδρης‖οὐδἐνμέσσοισινἀναστάς
αὐτόθενfrom thereαὐτόθεν · adverbadverbial to ἐξἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionἕδρηςseatἕδρα · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐξἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionμέσσοισινtheir midstμέσος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐνἀναστάςrisingἀνίστημι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δ̓ - 78
"Friends, hero Danaans, henchmen of Ares,
Metre
ὦφίλοιἥρωες‖ΔαναοὶθεράποντεςἌρηος
ὦOὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleφίλοιfriendsφίλος · vocative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἥρωεςἥρωεςheroesἥρως · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headΔαναοὶDanaansΔαναοί · vocative plural masculine nounmodifies ἥρωεςθεράποντεςhenchmenθεράπων · vocative plural masculine nounmodifies ἥρωεςἌρηοςAresἌρης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θεράποντες - 79
it is right to listen when a man stands to speak, and it is not fitting
Metre
ἑσταότοςμὲνκαλὸν‖ἀκούεινοὐδὲἔοικεν
ἑσταότοςwhen one standsἵστημι · perfect active participle, genitive singular masculineobject of ἀκούεινμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκαλὸνrightκαλός · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἀκούεινlistenἀκούω · present active infinitivesubjectἔοικενbe fittingἔοικα · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 80
to interrupt him; it is hard even for one who knows his craft.
Metre
ὑββάλλεινχαλεπὸν‖γὰρἐπισταμένῳπερἐόντι
ὑββάλλεινinterruptὑποβάλλω · present active infinitiveobject of ἔοικενχαλεπὸνhardχαλεπός · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐπισταμένῳone who knowsἐπίσταμαι · present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculinepredicate nounπερevenπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἐόντιbeingεἰμί · present active participle, dative singular masculineadverbial - 81
In the great clamor of men, how could anyone hear
Metre
ἀνδρῶνἐνπολλῷ‖ὁμάδῳπῶςκέντιςἀκούσαι
ἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ὁμάδῳδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionπολλῷgreatπολύς · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὁμάδῳὁμάδῳclamorὅμαδος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνπῶςhowπῶς · adverbadverbial to ἢκένwouldἄν · particlesentence particleτιςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἢἀκούσαιhearἀκούω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 82
or speak? Even a clear-voiced orator is hindered.
Metre
ἢεἴποιβλάβεται‖δὲλιγύςπερἐὼνἀγορητής
ἢorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordεἴποιspeakεἶπον · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβλάβεταιis hinderedβλάπτω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordλιγύςclear-tonedλιγύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἀγορητήςπερevenπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἐὼνbeingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βλάβεταιἀγορητήςoratorἀγορητής · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate noun - 83
I shall explain myself to the son of Peleus; but you others,
Metre
Πηλεΐδῃμὲνἐγὼν‖ἐνδείξομαιαὐτὰροἱἄλλοι
Πηλεΐδῃson of PeleusΠηλείδης · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐνδείξομαιμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐγὼνIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐνδείξομαιἐνδείξομαιexplainἐνδείκνυμι · future middle indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbαὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleοἱtheὁ · nominative plural masculine articlemodifies Ἀργεῖοιἄλλοιthe othersἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀργεῖοι - 84
pay heed, Argives, and each understand my words well.
σύνθεσθpay heedσυντίθημι · aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbἈργεῖοιArgivesἈργεῖος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of σύνθεσθ̓μῦθόνwordsμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of γνῶτετandτε · particlecoordinating wordεὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to γνῶτεγνῶτεunderstandγιγνώσκω · aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbἕκαστοςeachἕκαστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 85
Often the Achaeans have spoken this charge to me
Metre
πολλάκιδήμοιτοῦτον‖Ἀχαιοὶμῦθονἔειπον
πολλάκιoftenπολλάκις · adverbadverbial to ἔειπονδήindeedδή · particleemphasizing particleμοιmeἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔειποντοῦτονthis chargeοὗτος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies μῦθονἈχαιοὶAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of τέμῦθονchargeμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔειπονἔειπονhave spokenεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 86
and reproached me; but I am not to blame.
Metre
καίτέμενεικείεσκον‖ἐγὼοὐκαἴτιόςεἰμι
καίandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleτέandτε · particlecoordinating wordμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of νεικείεσκοννεικείεσκονreproachedνεικέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἰμιδbutδέ · particlesentence particleοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleαἴτιόςto blameαἴτιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounεἰμιamεἰμί · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 87
It was Zeus and Fate and the Erinys who walks in darkness,
Metre
ἀλλὰΖεὺςκαὶΜοῖρα‖καὶἠεροφοῖτιςἘρινύς
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleΜοῖραFateμοῖρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἠεροφοῖτιςwalking in darknessἠεροφοῖτις · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἘρινύςἘρινύςErinysἘρινύς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶ - 88
who in assembly cast savage delusion into my mind
Metre
οἵτέμοιεἰνἀγορῇ‖φρεσὶνἔμβαλονἄγριονἄτην
οἵwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἔμβαλοντέandτε · particleemphasizing particleμοιmyἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἔμβαλονεἰνinἐν · prepositionprepositionἀγορῇassemblyἀγορά · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to εἰνφρεσὶνmindφρήν · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἔμβαλονἔμβαλονcastἐμβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing καὶἄγριονsavageἄγριος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἄτηνἄτηνdelusionἄτη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔμβαλον - 89
on the day I myself took Achilles' prize from him.
Metre
ἤματιτῷὅτἈχιλλῆος‖γέραςαὐτὸςἀπηύρων
ἤματιdayἦμαρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἔμβαλοντῷthatὁ · dative singular neuter articlemodifies ἤματιὅτwhenὅτε · conjunctionadverbial to ἤματιἈχιλλῆοςAchilles’Ἀχιλλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies γέραςγέραςprizeγέρας · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀπηύρωναὐτὸςmyselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀπηύρωνtookἀπαυράω · imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verbverb of a clause describing ὅτ̓ - 90
But what could I have done? A god brings all things to fulfillment.
Metre
ἀλλὰτίκενῥέξαιμι‖θεὸςδιὰπάντατελευτᾷ
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleτίwhatτις · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of ῥέξαιμικενwouldἄν · particlesentence particleῥέξαιμιcould I doῥέζω · aorist active optative, 1st singular verbmain verbθεὸςa godθεός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of τελευτᾷδιὰcompletelyδιά · prepositionemphasizing particleπάνταallπᾶς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of τελευτᾷτελευτᾷfulfillsτελευτάω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 91
Ate is the eldest daughter of Zeus, who blinds everyone,
πρέσβαeldestπρέσβα · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies θυγάτηρΔιὸςZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies θυγάτηρθυγάτηρdaughterθυγάτηρ · nominative singular feminine nounpredicate nounἌτηAteἄτη · nominative singular feminine nounsubjectἣwhoὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἀᾶταιπάνταςallπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἀᾶταιἀᾶταιblindsἀάω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἄτη - 92
accursed. Her feet are delicate; for she does not tread
οὐλομένηaccursedοὐλόμενος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Ἄτητῇherὁ · dative singular feminine pronounmodifies πόδεςμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleθandτε · particleemphasizing particleἁπαλοὶdelicateἁπαλός · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounπόδεςfeetπούς · nominative plural masculine nounsubjectοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionοὔδειgroundοὖδας · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἐπ̓ - 93
upon the ground, but walks over the heads of men,
Metre
πίλναταιἀλλἄραἥ‖γεκατἀνδρῶνκράαταβαίνει
πίλναταιtreadsπιλνάω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἥsheὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of βαίνειγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleκατoverκατά · prepositionprepositionἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies κράατακράαταheadsκράς · accusative plural neuter nounobject of κατ̓βαίνειwalksβαίνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 94
bringing them harm; and at one time or another she ensnares each one.
Metre
βλάπτουσἀνθρώπους‖κατὰοὖνἕτερόνγεπέδησε
βλάπτουσharmingβλάπτω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to βαίνειἀνθρώπουςmenἄνθρωπος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of βλάπτουσ̓κατὰdownκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὖνindeedοὖν · particlesentence particleἕτερόνone or anotherἕτερος · accusative singular masculine adjectiveobject of πέδησεγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleπέδησεensnaresπεδάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 95
For once, indeed, Zeus too was blinded, though they say he is greatest
Metre
καὶγὰρδήνύποτε‖Ζεὺςἄσατοτόνπερἄριστον
καὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleδήindeedδή · particlesentence particleνύindeedνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἄσατοποτεonceποτέ · particleadverbial to ἄσατοΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἄσατοἄσατοwas blindedἀάω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτόνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔμμεναιπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἄριστονgreatestἄριστος · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 96
of gods and men; yet even him
Metre
ἀνδρῶνἠδὲθεῶν‖φασἔμμεναιἀλλἄρακαὶτὸν
ἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἠδὲἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordθεῶνgodsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἠδὲφασthey sayφημί · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing Ζεὺςἔμμεναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of φασ̓ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀπάτησεν - 97
Hera, though a woman, deceived through her cunning
Metre
Ἥρηθῆλυςἐοῦσα‖δολοφροσύνῃςἀπάτησεν
ἭρηHeraἭρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἀπάτησενθῆλυςwomanθῆλυς · nominative singular feminine adjectivepredicate nounἐοῦσαbeingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἀπάτησενδολοφροσύνῃςcunningδολοφροσύνη · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἀπάτησενἀπάτησενdeceivedἀπατάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 98
on the day when the mighty Heracles
Metre
ἤματιτῷὅτἔμελλε‖βίηνἩρακληείην
ἤματιdayἦμαρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἀπάτησεντῷtheὁ · dative singular neuter articlemodifies ἤματιὅτwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἔμελλεwas destinedμέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ὅτ̓βίηνmightyβία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of τέξεσθαιἩρακληείηνHeraclesἩράκλειος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies βίην - 99
was to be born of Alcmene in well-crowned Thebes.
Metre
Ἀλκμήνητέξεσθαι‖ἐϋστεφάνῳἐνὶΘήβῃ
ἈλκμήνηAlcmeneἈλκμήνη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔμελλετέξεσθαιto bearτίκτω · future middle infinitiveobject of ἔμελλεἐϋστεφάνῳwell-crownedεὐστέφανος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Θήβῃἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionΘήβῃThebesΘήβη · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνὶ - 100
Then Zeus spoke boastfully among all the gods:
Metre
ἤτοιὅεὐχόμενος‖μετέφηπάντεσσιθεοῖσι
ἤτοιindeedἤτοι · particlesentence particleὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of μετέφηγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleεὐχόμενοςboastingεὔχομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μετέφημετέφηspokeμετάφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπάντεσσιallπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοῖσιθεοῖσιgodsθεός · dative plural masculine nounobject of μετέφη - 101
"Hear me, all you gods and all you goddesses,
Metre
κέκλυτέμευπάντές‖τεθεοὶπᾶσαίτεθέαιναι
κέκλυτέhearκλύω · aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbμευmeἐγώ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of κέκλυτέπάντέςallπᾶς · vocative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεοὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleθεοὶgodsθεός · vocative plural masculine noungoverned by an elided headπᾶσαίallπᾶς · vocative plural feminine adjectivemodifies θέαιναιτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordθέαιναιgoddessesθέαινα · vocative plural feminine noungoverned by an elided head - 102
that I may speak what the heart in my breast commands.
Metre
ὄφρεἴπωτάμεθυμὸς‖ἐνὶστήθεσσινἀνώγει
ὄφρso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionεἴπωspeakεἶπον · aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verbadverbial to ὄφῤτάwhatὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounobjectμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubjectθυμὸςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀνώγειἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσινbreastστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounmodifies ἐνὶἀνώγειcommandsἄνωγα · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbobject of εἴπω - 103
Today Eileithyia, bringer of labor pains, shall bring a man into the light
Metre
σήμερονἄνδραφόως‖δὲμογοστόκοςΕἰλείθυια
σήμερονtodayσήμερον · adverbadverbial to ἐκφανεῖἄνδραmanἀνήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐκφανεῖφόωςlightφόως · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐκφανεῖδὲintoδέ · particleemphasizing particleμογοστόκοςbringer of labor painsμογοστόκος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ΕἰλείθυιαΕἰλείθυιαEileithyiaΕἰλείθυια · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐκφανεῖ - 104
who shall rule over all those dwelling around him,
Metre
ἐκφανεῖὃςπάντεσσι‖περικτιόνεσσινἀνάξει
ἐκφανεῖshall bring forthἐκφαίνω · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀνάξειπάντεσσιallπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies περικτιόνεσσινπερικτιόνεσσινthose dwelling aroundπερικτίονες · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀνάξειἀνάξειshall ruleἀνάσσω · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἄνδρα - 105
of the race of men who spring from my blood."
Metre
τῶνἀνδρῶνγενεῆς‖οἵαἵματοςἐξἐμεῦεἰσί
τῶνthoseὁ · genitive plural masculine articlemodifies ἀνδρῶνἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies γενεῆςγενεῆςraceγενεά · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ἄνδραοἵwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of εἰσίθandτε · particleemphasizing particleαἵματοςbloodαἷμα · genitive singular neuter nounadverbial to εἰσίἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionἐμεῦmeἐγώ · genitive singular masculine pronounpredicate nounεἰσίareεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἀνδρῶν - 106
Then queenly Hera, planning deception, addressed him:
Metre
τὸνδὲδολοφρονέουσα‖προσηύδαπότνιαἭρη
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσηύδαδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδολοφρονέουσαplanning deceptionδολοφρονέων · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to προσηύδαπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπότνιαqueenlyπότνια · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἭρηἭρηHeraἭρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of προσηύδα - 107
"You will prove false and never bring your word to fulfillment.
Metre
ψευστήσειςοὐδαὖτε‖τέλοςμύθῳἐπιθήσεις
ψευστήσειςprove falseψευστέω · future active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbαὖτεagainαὖτε · adverbadverbial to ἐπιθήσειςτέλοςendτέλος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐπιθήσειςμύθῳspeechμῦθος · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐπιθήσειςἐπιθήσειςbring to fulfillmentἐπιτίθημι · future active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 108
Come now, Olympian, swear me a mighty oath:
Metre
εἰἄγενῦνμοιὄμοσσον‖Ὀλύμπιεκαρτερὸνὅρκον
εἰcome nowεἰ · interjectionsentence particleδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄγεcomeἄγε · adverbsentence particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ὄμοσσονμοιfor meἐγώ · dative singular feminine pronounobject of ὄμοσσονὄμοσσονswearὄμνυμι · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbὈλύμπιεOlympianὈλύμπιος · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headκαρτερὸνmightyκαρτερός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὅρκονὅρκονoathὅρκος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of , - 109
that the man who on this very day
Metre
ἦμὲντὸνπάντεσσι‖περικτιόνεσσινἀνάξειν
ἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleτὸνthe manὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀνάξεινπάντεσσιallπᾶς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies περικτιόνεσσινπερικτιόνεσσινthose dwelling aroundπερικτίονες · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀνάξεινἀνάξεινruleἀνάσσω · future active infinitiveobject of , - 110
falls between a woman's feet shall rule over all those dwelling around him,
Metre
ὅςκενἐπἤματιτῷδε‖πέσῃμετὰποσσὶγυναικὸς
ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of πέσῃκενshallἄν · particlesentence particleἐπuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionἤματιdayἦμαρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐπ̓τῷδεthisὅδε · dative singular neuter pronounmodifies ἤματιπέσῃfallsπίπτω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τὸνμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionποσσὶfeetπούς · dative plural masculine nounobject of μετὰγυναικὸςa womanγυνή · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies ποσσὶ - 111
of the men who belong to the blood of your lineage."
Metre
τῶνἀνδρῶνοἳσῆς‖ἐξαἵματόςεἰσιγενέθλης
τῶνthoseὁ · genitive plural masculine articlemodifies ἀνδρῶνἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τὸνοἳwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of εἰσισῆςyourσός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies γενέθληςἐξfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionαἵματόςbloodαἷμα · genitive singular neuter nounpredicate nounεἰσιbelongεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἀνδρῶνγενέθληςlineageγενέθλη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies αἵματός - 112
So she spoke. Zeus did not perceive her cunning,
Metre
ὣςἔφατοΖεὺςοὔ‖τιδολοφροσύνηνἐνόησεν
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατοἔφατοspokeφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐνόησενδandδέ · particlesentence particleοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to ἐνόησενδολοφροσύνηνcunningδολοφροσύνη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐνόησενἐνόησενperceivedνοέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 113
but swore the mighty oath, and afterward was blinded greatly,
Metre
ἀλλὄμοσενμέγανὅρκον‖ἔπειταδὲπολλὸνἀάσθη
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctionsentence particleὄμοσενsworeὄμνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμέγανmightyμέγας · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὅρκονὅρκονoathὅρκος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὄμοσενἔπειταthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἀάσθηδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπολλὸνgreatlyπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀάσθηἀάσθηwas blindedἀάω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 114
while Hera darted away and left the ridge of Olympus.
ἭρηHeraἭρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of λίπενδandδέ · particlesentence particleἀΐξασαdarting awayἀίσσω · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to λίπενλίπενleftλείπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbῥίονridgeῥίον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of λίπενΟὐλύμποιοOlympusὌλυμπος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ῥίον - 115
Swiftly she reached Achaean Argos, where she knew
Metre
καρπαλίμωςἵκετἌργος‖Ἀχαιικόνἔνθἄραᾔδη
καρπαλίμωςswiftlyκαρπάλιμος · adverbadverbial to ἵκετ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἵκετreachedἱκνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἌργοςArgosἌργος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἵκετ̓ἈχαιικόνAchaeanἈχαιικός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies Ἄργοςἔνθthereἔνθα · adverbadverbial to ᾔδηἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleᾔδηknewοἶδα · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἄργος - 116
the strong wife of Sthenelus, son of Perseus.
Metre
ἰφθίμηνἄλοχον‖ΣθενέλουΠερσηϊάδαο
ἰφθίμηνmightyἴφθιμος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἄλοχονἄλοχονwifeἄλοχος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ᾔδηΣθενέλουSthenelusΣθένελος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἄλοχονΠερσηϊάδαοson of PerseusΠερσηιάδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Σθενέλου - 117
She was pregnant with a dear son, and the seventh month had come;
Metre
ἣἐκύειφίλονυἱόν‖ὃἕβδομοςἑστήκειμείς
ἣsheὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἐκύειδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐκύειwas pregnantκυέω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφίλονdearφίλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱόνυἱόνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐκύειὃtheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies μείςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἕβδομοςseventhἕβδομος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies μείςἑστήκειhad comeἵστημι · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμείςmonthμείς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἑστήκει - 118
Hera brought him out into the light though he was born before his term,
ἐκoutἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄγαγεbroughtἄγω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπρὸforthπρό · adverbadverbial to ἄγαγεφόωςlightφόως · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἄγαγεδὲintoδέ · particleemphasizing particleκαὶthoughκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἠλιτόμηνονprematureἠλιτόμηνος · accusative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐόνταbeingεἰμί · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 119
but stopped Alcmene's labor and held back the Eileithyiae.
Metre
Ἀλκμήνηςἀπέπαυσε‖τόκονσχέθεΕἰλειθυίας
ἈλκμήνηςAlcmeneἈλκμήνη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies τόκονδandδέ · particlesentence particleἀπέπαυσεstoppedἀποπαύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτόκονlaborτόκος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀπέπαυσεσχέθεheld backἔχω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΕἰλειθυίαςEileithyiaeΕἰλείθυια · accusative plural feminine nounobject of σχέθε - 120
Then she herself brought the news and addressed Zeus, son of Cronos:
Metre
αὐτὴἀγγελέουσα‖ΔίαΚρονίωναπροσηύδα
αὐτὴshe herselfαὐτός · nominative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀγγελέουσαbringing newsἀγγέλλω · future active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to προσηύδαΔίαZeusΖεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of προσηύδαΚρονίωναson of CronosΚρονίων · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Δίαπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 121
"Father Zeus of the bright lightning, I shall set a word in your mind:
Metre
Ζεῦπάτερἀργικέραυνε‖ἔποςτίτοιἐνφρεσὶθήσω
ΖεῦZeusΖεύς · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headπάτερfatherπάτηρ · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies Ζεῦἀργικέραυνεof bright lightningἀργικέραυνος · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies Ζεῦἔποςwordἔπος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of θήσωτίaτις · accusative singular neuter pronounmodifies ἔποςτοιto youσύ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies φρεσὶἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionφρεσὶmindφρήν · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνθήσωsetτίθημι · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 122
already a noble man has been born who shall rule the Argives—
Metre
ἤδηἀνὴργέγονἐσθλὸς‖ὃςἈργείοισινἀνάξει
ἤδηalreadyἤδη · adverbadverbial to γέγον̓ἀνὴρmanἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectγέγονhas been bornγίγνομαι · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐσθλὸςnobleἐσθλός · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνὴρὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀνάξειἈργείοισινArgivesἈργεῖος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἀνάξειἀνάξειshall ruleἀνάσσω · future active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἀνὴρ - 123
Eurystheus, son of Sthenelus, son of Perseus,
Metre
ΕὐρυσθεὺςΣθενέλοιο‖πάϊςΠερσηϊάδαο
ΕὐρυσθεὺςEurystheusΕὐρυσθεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectΣθενέλοιοof SthenelusΣθένελος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πάϊςπάϊςsonπαῖς · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΕὐρυσθεὺςΠερσηϊάδαοson of PerseusΠερσηιάδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Σθενέλοιο - 124
your own lineage. It is not unfit for him to rule the Argives."
Metre
σὸνγένοςοὔοἱἀεικὲς‖ἀνασσέμενἈργείοισιν
σὸνyourσός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies γένοςγένοςlineageγένος · nominative singular neuter nounmodifies Εὐρυσθεὺςοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleοἱfor himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbialἀεικὲςunfitἀεικής · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἀνασσέμενruleἀνάσσω · present active infinitivesubjectἈργείοισινArgivesἈργεῖος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἀνασσέμεν - 125
So she spoke, and sharp grief struck him deep in the heart.
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to φάτοφάτοspokeφημί · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of τύψεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄχοςgriefἄχος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of τύψεὀξὺsharpὀξύς · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἄχοςκατὰdownκατά · prepositionprepositionφρέναheartφρήν · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to κατὰτύψεstruckτύπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβαθεῖανdeepβαθύς · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies φρένα - 126
At once he seized Ate by her glossy-haired head,
Metre
αὐτίκαεἷλἌτην‖κεφαλῆςλιπαροπλοκάμοιο
αὐτίκαat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to εἷλ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleεἷλseizedαἱρέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἌτηνAteἄτη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἷλ̓κεφαλῆςheadκεφαλή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of εἷλ̓λιπαροπλοκάμοιοglossy-hairedλιπαροπλόκαμος · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies κεφαλῆς - 127
angry in his heart, and swore a mighty oath
Metre
χωόμενοςφρεσὶνᾗσι‖καὶὤμοσεκαρτερὸνὅρκον
χωόμενοςangryχώομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἷλ̓φρεσὶνheartφρήν · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to χωόμενοςᾗσιhis ownἑός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies φρεσὶνκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὤμοσεsworeὄμνυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαρτερὸνmightyκαρτερός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὅρκονὅρκονoathὅρκος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὤμοσε - 128
that never again to Olympus and starry heaven
Metre
μήποτἐςΟὔλυμπόν‖τεκαὶοὐρανὸνἀστερόεντα
μήnotμή · adverbemphasizing particleποτeverποτέ · particleadverbial to ἐλεύσεσθαιἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionΟὔλυμπόνOlympusὌλυμπος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordοὐρανὸνheavenοὐρανός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἀστερόενταstarryἀστερόεις · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies οὐρανὸν - 129
would Ate return, she who blinds everyone.
Metre
αὖτιςἐλεύσεσθαι‖Ἄτηνἣπάνταςἀᾶται
αὖτιςagainαὖθις · adverbadverbial to ἐλεύσεσθαιἐλεύσεσθαιreturnἔρχομαι · future middle infinitiveobject of ὤμοσεἌτηνAteἄτη · accusative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐλεύσεσθαιἣwhoὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἀᾶταιπάνταςallπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ἀᾶταιἀᾶταιblindsἀάω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἄτην - 130
So he spoke and hurled her from starry heaven,
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνἔρριψεν‖ἀποὐρανοῦἀστερόεντος
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνhaving spokenεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔρριψενἔρριψενhurledῥίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionοὐρανοῦheavenοὐρανός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀπ̓ἀστερόεντοςstarryἀστερόεις · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies οὐρανοῦ - 131
whirling her in his hand; and swiftly she reached the works of men.
Metre
χειρὶπεριστρέψας‖τάχαἵκετοἔργἀνθρώπων
χειρὶhandχείρ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to περιστρέψαςπεριστρέψαςwhirlingπεριστρέφω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔρριψεντάχαsoonτάχα · adverbadverbial to ἵκετοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἵκετοreachedἱκνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔργworksἔργον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἵκετοἀνθρώπωνmenἄνθρωπος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἔργ̓ - 132
He would always groan over her whenever he saw his dear son
Metre
τὴναἰεὶστενάχεσχ‖ὅθἑὸνφίλονυἱὸνὁρῷτο
τὴνherὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of στενάχεσχ̓αἰεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to στενάχεσχ̓στενάχεσχwould groanστενάχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὅθwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἑὸνhis ownἑός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱὸνφίλονdearφίλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱὸνυἱὸνsonυἱός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὁρῷτοὁρῷτοsawὁράω · present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅθ̓ - 133
bearing the shameful burden of the labors imposed by Eurystheus.
Metre
ἔργονἀεικὲςἔχοντα‖ὑπΕὐρυσθῆοςἀέθλων
ἔργονburdenἔργον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔχονταἀεικὲςshamefulἀεικής · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔργονἔχονταbearingἔχω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementὑπunderὑπό · prepositionprepositionΕὐρυσθῆοςEurystheusΕὐρυσθεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἀέθλωνἀέθλωνlaborsἆθλος · genitive plural masculine nounadverbial to ὑπ̓ - 134
So too with me: whenever great Hector of the flashing helm
Metre
ὣςκαὶἐγώνὅτεαὖτε‖μέγαςκορυθαίολοςἝκτωρ
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to δυνάμηνκαὶtooκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἐγώνIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δυνάμηνὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδandδέ · particlesentence particleαὖτεagainαὖτε · adverbadverbial to ὀλέκεσκενμέγαςgreatμέγας · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἕκτωρκορυθαίολοςof the flashing helmκορυθαίολος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἝκτωρἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὀλέκεσκεν - 135
kept killing Argives beside the ships' sterns,
Metre
Ἀργείουςὀλέκεσκεν‖ἐπὶπρυμνῇσινέεσσιν
ἈργείουςArgivesἈργεῖος · accusative plural masculine adjectiveobject of ὀλέκεσκενὀλέκεσκενkept killingὀλέκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτεἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionπρυμνῇσιsternsπρυμνός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νέεσσιννέεσσινshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐπὶ - 136
I could not forget Ate, by whom I was first blinded.
Metre
οὐδυνάμηνλελαθέσθ‖Ἄτηςᾗπρῶτονἀάσθην
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleδυνάμηνcouldδύναμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbλελαθέσθforgetλανθάνω · aorist middle infinitiveobject of δυνάμηνἌτηςAteἄτη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of λελαθέσθ̓ᾗby whomὅς · dative singular feminine pronounobject of ἀάσθηνπρῶτονfirstπρῶτος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἀάσθηνἀάσθηνwas blindedἀάω · aorist passive indicative, 1st singular verbverb of a clause describing Ἄτης - 137
But since I was blinded and Zeus took away my wits,
Metre
ἀλλἐπεὶἀασάμην‖καίμευφρέναςἐξέλετοΖεύς
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἀασάμηνwas blindedἀάω · aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verbadverbial to καίκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμευmyἐγώ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of ἐξέλετοφρέναςmindφρήν · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἐξέλετοἐξέλετοtook awayἐξαιρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καίΖεύςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐξέλετο - 138
I wish to make amends again and give boundless ransom.
Metre
ἂψἐθέλωἀρέσαι‖δόμεναίἀπερείσιἄποινα
ἂψagainἄψ · adverbadverbial to ἀρέσαιἐθέλωwishἐθέλω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἀρέσαιmake amendsἀρέσκω · aorist active infinitiveobject of τ̓δόμεναίgiveδίδωμι · aorist active infinitiveobject of τ̓τandτε · particlecoordinating wordἀπερείσιboundlessἀπερείσιος · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἄποιναἄποιναransomἄποινα · accusative plural neuter nounobject of δόμεναί - 139
Rise up for battle, and rouse the other warriors.
Metre
ἀλλὄρσευπόλεμον‖δὲκαὶἄλλουςὄρνυθιλαούς
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleὄρσευrise upὄρνυμι · aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbπόλεμονwarπόλεμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὄρσευδὲtoδέ · particleemphasizing particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄλλουςthe otherἄλλος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies λαούςὄρνυθιrouseὄρνυμι · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbλαούςwarriorsλαός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ὄρνυθι - 140
I shall provide all these gifts—as many as, after coming
Metre
δῶραἐγὼνὅδεπάντα‖παρασχέμενὅσσάτοιἐλθὼν
δῶραgiftsδῶρον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of παρασχέμενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐγὼνIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectὅδεhereὅδε · nominative singular masculine pronounpredicate nounπάνταallπᾶς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δῶραπαρασχέμενshall provideπαρέχω · aorist active infinitiveadverbialὅσσάas many asὅσος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ὑπέσχετοτοιyouσύ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ὑπέσχετοἐλθὼνhaving comeἔρχομαι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὑπέσχετο - 141
to your huts yesterday, godlike Odysseus promised you.
Metre
χθιζὸςἐνὶκλισίῃσιν‖ὑπέσχετοδῖοςὈδυσσεύς
χθιζὸςyesterdayχθιζός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionκλισίῃσινhutsκλισία · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνὶὑπέσχετοpromisedὑπισχνέομαι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δῶραδῖοςgodlikeδῖος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσσεύςὈδυσσεύςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὑπέσχετο - 142
If you wish, wait, though eager for battle,
Metre
εἰἐθέλειςἐπίμεινον‖ἐπειγόμενόςπερἌρηος
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδbutδέ · particlesentence particleἐθέλειςwishἐθέλω · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to εἰἐπίμεινονwaitἐπιμένω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἐπειγόμενόςeagerἐπείγω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐπίμεινονπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἌρηοςbattleἌρης · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐπειγόμενός - 143
and my attendants shall take the gifts from beside my ship
Metre
δῶραδέτοιθεράποντες‖ἐμῆςπαρὰνηὸςἑλόντες
δῶραgiftsδῶρον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of οἴσουσ̓δέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτοιfor youσύ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of οἴσουσ̓θεράποντεςattendantsθεράπων · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of οἴσουσ̓ἐμῆςmyἐμός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies νηὸςπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηὸςshipναῦς · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to παρὰἑλόντεςtakingαἱρέω · aorist active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to οἴσουσ̓ - 144
and bring them, so you may see that what I give will please you."
Metre
οἴσουσὄφραἴδηαι‖ὅτοιμενοεικέαδώσω
οἴσουσshall bringφέρω · future active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὄφραso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἴδηαιyou may seeεἶδον · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ὄφραὅwhatὅς · accusative singular neuter pronounsubordinating conjunctionτοιfor youσύ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of δώσωμενοεικέαpleasingμενοεικής · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of δώσωδώσωI giveδίδωμι · future active indicative, 1st singular verbobject of ὅ - 145
Then swift-footed Achilles answered him and said:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπαμειβόμενοςansweringἀπαμείβομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηansweredπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπόδαςfeetπούς · accusative plural masculine nounadverbial to ὠκὺςὠκὺςswiftὠκύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχιλλεύςἈχιλλεύςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 146
"Son of Atreus, most glorious, Agamemnon, lord of men,
Metre
Ἀτρεΐδηκύδιστε‖ἄναξἀνδρῶνἈγάμεμνον
Ἀτρεΐδηson of AtreusἈτρείδης · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγάμεμνονκύδιστεmost gloriousκύδιστος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀτρεΐδηἄναξlordἄναξ · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγάμεμνονἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἄναξἈγάμεμνονAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided head - 147
as for the gifts, provide them if you wish, as is fitting,
Metre
δῶραμὲναἴἐθέλῃσθα‖παρασχέμενὡςἐπιεικές
δῶραgiftsδῶρον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of παρασχέμενμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleαἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἐθέλῃσθαwishἐθέλω · present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to αἴπαρασχέμενprovideπαρέχω · aorist active infinitivesubject of ἤὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialἐπιεικέςfittingἐπιεικής · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate noun - 148
or keep them with you. But now let us remember battle
Metre
ἤἐχέμενπαρὰσοί‖νῦνδὲμνησώμεθαχάρμης
ἤorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordτandτε · particlesentence particleἐχέμενkeepἔχω · present active infinitivesubject of ἤπαρὰwithπαρά · prepositionprepositionσοίyouσύ · dative singular masculine pronounpredicate nounνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to μνησώμεθαδὲbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordμνησώμεθαrememberμιμνήσκω · aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbχάρμηςbattleχάρμη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of μνησώμεθα - 149
with all speed; we must not stand here dealing in evasions
Metre
αἶψαμάλοὐγὰρχρὴ‖κλοτοπεύεινἐνθάδἐόντας
αἶψαquicklyαἶψα · adverbadverbial to μνησώμεθαμάλveryμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleχρὴmustχρή · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκλοτοπεύεινdeal in evasionsκλοτοπεύω · present active infinitivesubject of δὲἐνθάδhereἐνθάδε · adverbadverbial to ἐόνταςἐόνταςstandingεἰμί · present active participle, accusative plural masculineadverbial to κλοτοπεύειν - 150
or waste time, for a great work remains unfinished:
Metre
οὐδὲδιατρίβειν‖ἔτιγὰρμέγαἔργονἄρεκτον
διατρίβεινwaste timeδιατρίβω · present active infinitivesubject of δὲἔτιstillἔτι · adverbadverbialγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleμέγαgreatμέγας · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔργονἔργονworkἔργον · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectἄρεκτονunfinishedἄρεκτος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate noun - 151
that someone may once more see Achilles among the foremost,
Metre
ὥςκέτιςαὖτἈχιλῆα‖μετὰπρώτοισινἴδηται
ὥςso thatὡς · adverbadverbial to ἴδηταικέmayἄν · particlesentence particleτιςsomeoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἴδηταιαὖτagainαὖτε · adverbadverbial to ἴδηταιἈχιλῆαAchillesἈχιλλεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἴδηταιμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionπρώτοισινforemostπρῶτος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to μετὰἴδηταιmay seeεἶδον · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 152
destroying the Trojan ranks with his bronze spear.
Metre
ἔγχεϊχαλκείῳ‖Τρώωνὀλέκονταφάλαγγας
ἔγχεϊspearἔγχος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ὀλέκονταχαλκείῳbronzeχάλκειος · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχεϊΤρώωνTrojanΤρώς · genitive plural nounmodifies φάλαγγαςὀλέκονταdestroyingὀλέκω · present active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementφάλαγγαςranksφάλαγξ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ὀλέκοντα - 153
With this in mind, let each of you fight his man."
Metre
ὧδέτιςὑμείων‖μεμνημένοςἀνδρὶμαχέσθω
ὧδέthusὧδε · adverbadverbial to μεμνημένοςτιςeachτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of μαχέσθωὑμείωνof youσύ · genitive plural masculine pronounmodifies τιςμεμνημένοςkeeping in mindμιμνήσκω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μαχέσθωἀνδρὶmanἀνήρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of μαχέσθωμαχέσθωlet him fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 154
Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him and said:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπαμειβόμενοςansweringἀπαμείβομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηansweredπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπολύμητιςof many wilesπολύμητις · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσσεύςὈδυσσεύςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 155
"Not so, brave though you are, godlike Achilles—
Metre
μὴοὕτωςἀγαθός‖περἐώνθεοείκελἈχιλλεῦ
μὴnotμή · particleemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὕτωςsoοὕτως · adverbadverbial to ὄτρυνεἀγαθόςbraveἀγαθός · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἐώνbeingεἰμί · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὄτρυνεθεοείκελgodlikeθεοείκελος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχιλλεῦἈχιλλεῦAchillesἈχιλλεύς · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided head - 156
do not rouse the sons of the Achaeans fasting toward Ilion
νήστιαςfastingνῆστις · accusative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementὄτρυνεrouseὀτρύνω · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbπροτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionἼλιονIlionἼλιος · accusative singular feminine nounobject of προτὶυἷαςsonsυἱός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ὄτρυνεἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies υἷας - 157
to fight the Trojans, since the time will not be short
Metre
Τρωσὶμαχησομένους‖ἐπεὶοὐκὀλίγονχρόνονἔσται
ΤρωσὶTrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of μαχησομένουςμαχησομένουςto fightμάχομαι · future middle participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complementἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleὀλίγονshortὀλίγος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χρόνονχρόνονtimeχρόνος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἔσταιἔσταιwill beεἰμί · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεὶ - 158
for the battle-din once the ranks of men first meet
Metre
φύλοπιςεὖτἂνπρῶτον‖ὁμιλήσωσιφάλαγγες
φύλοπιςbattle-dinφύλοπις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔσταιεὖτonceεὖτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἂνeverἄν · particlesentence particleπρῶτονfirstπρῶτος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ὁμιλήσωσιὁμιλήσωσιmeetὁμιλέω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to δὲφάλαγγεςranksφάλαγξ · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ὁμιλήσωσι - 159
and a god breathes fury into both sides.
Metre
ἀνδρῶνἐνδὲθεὸς‖πνεύσῃμένοςἀμφοτέροισιν
ἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies φάλαγγεςἐνintoἐν · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordθεὸςa godθεός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πνεύσῃπνεύσῃbreathesπνέω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δὲμένοςfuryμένος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of πνεύσῃἀμφοτέροισινboth sidesἀμφότερος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of πνεύσῃ - 160
Instead, command the Achaeans beside the swift ships to fortify themselves
Metre
ἀλλὰπάσασθαιἄνωχθι‖θοῇςἐπὶνηυσὶνἈχαιοὺς
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleπάσασθαιtake foodπατέομαι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of ἄνωχθιἄνωχθιcommandἄνωγα · perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbθοῇςswiftθοός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶνἐπὶuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶνshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐπὶἈχαιοὺςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectivesubject of πάσασθαι - 161
with food and wine, for therein lie strength and valor.
Metre
σίτουκαὶοἴνοιο‖τὸγὰρμένοςἐστὶκαὶἀλκή
σίτουfoodσῖτος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordοἴνοιοwineοἶνος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of καὶτὸthereinὁ · nominative singular neuter pronounsubject of ἐστὶγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleμένοςstrengthμένος · nominative singular neuter nounpredicate nounἐστὶliesεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀλκήvalorἀλκή · nominative singular feminine nounpredicate noun - 162
For no man through the whole day until the sun goes down,
Metre
οὐγὰρἀνὴρπρόπανἦμαρ‖ἐςἠέλιονκαταδύντα
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἀνὴρmanἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δυνήσεταιπρόπανwholeπρόπας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦμαρἦμαρdayἦμαρ · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to μάχεσθαιἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἠέλιονsunἠέλιος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐςκαταδύνταgoes downκαταδύω · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculinemodifies ἠέλιον - 163
fasting for want of food, can fight face to face.
Metre
ἄκμηνοςσίτοιο‖δυνήσεταιἄνταμάχεσθαι
ἄκμηνοςwithout foodἄκμηνος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementσίτοιοprovisionsσῖτος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἄκμηνοςδυνήσεταιcanδύναμαι · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄνταface to faceἄντα · adverbadverbial to μάχεσθαιμάχεσθαιto fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of δυνήσεται - 164
Even if his heart desires to wage war,
Metre
εἴπεργὰρθυμῷ‖γεμενοινάᾳπολεμίζειν
εἴeven ifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπερevenπέρ · particleemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleθυμῷheartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to μενοινάᾳγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleμενοινάᾳdesiresμενοινάω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἴπολεμίζεινfightπολεμίζω · present active infinitiveobject of μενοινάᾳ - 165
his limbs secretly grow heavy, and there overtake him
Metre
ἀλλάτελάθρῃγυῖα‖βαρύνεταιἠδὲκιχάνει
ἀλλάbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleτεandτε · particlesentence particleλάθρῃsecretlyλάθρῃ · adverbadverbial to βαρύνεταιγυῖαlimbsγυῖον · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of βαρύνεταιβαρύνεταιgrow heavyβαρύνω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctionsentence particleκιχάνειovertakeκιχάνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 166
thirst and hunger, and his knees fail as he goes.
Metre
δίψάτεκαὶλιμός‖βλάβεταιδέτεγούνατἰόντι
δίψάthirstδίψα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordλιμόςhungerλιμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶβλάβεταιfailβλάπτω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεandτε · particlesentence particleγούνατkneesγόνυ · nominative dual neuter nounsubject of βλάβεταιἰόντιas he goesεἶμι · present active participle, dative singular masculineadverbial to βλάβεται - 167
But the man who has taken his fill of wine and food
Metre
ὃςδέἀνὴροἴνοιο‖κορεσσάμενοςκαὶἐδωδῆς
ὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἀνὴρδέbutδέ · particlesentence particleκcanἄν · particlesentence particleἀνὴρmanἀνήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πολεμίζῃοἴνοιοwineοἶνος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of καὶκορεσσάμενοςtaken his fillκορέννυμι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to πολεμίζῃκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐδωδῆςfoodἐδωδή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of καὶ - 168
can fight hostile men all day long;
Metre
ἀνδράσιδυσμενέεσσι‖πανημέριοςπολεμίζῃ
ἀνδράσιmenἀνήρ · dative plural masculine nounobject of πολεμίζῃδυσμενέεσσιhostileδυσμενής · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνδράσιπανημέριοςall day longπανημέριος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementπολεμίζῃcan fightπολεμίζω · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing οἱ - 169
the heart in his breast is bold, and his limbs
Metre
θαρσαλέοννύοἱἦτορ‖ἐνὶφρεσίνοὐδέτιγυῖα
θαρσαλέονboldθαρσαλέος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounνύindeedνῦν · adverbadverbialοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies φρεσίνἦτορheartἦτορ · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionφρεσίνbreastφρήν · dative plural nounmodifies ἐνὶτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to κάμνειγυῖαlimbsγυῖον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of κάμνει - 170
do not tire before he has driven every enemy from battle.
Metre
πρὶνκάμνειπρὶνπάντας‖ἐρωῆσαιπολέμοιο
πρὶνbeforeπρίν · adverbadverbial to κάμνεικάμνειtireκάμνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπρὶνbeforeπρίν · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπάνταςallπᾶς · accusative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἐρωῆσαιἐρωῆσαιdrive awayἐρωέω · aorist active infinitiveadverbial to πρὶνπολέμοιοwarπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐρωῆσαι - 171
Come then, disperse the army and command them to make
Metre
ἀλλἄγελαὸνμὲν‖σκέδασονκαὶδεῖπνονἄνωχθι
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἄγεcomeἄγε · adverbsentence particleλαὸνarmyλαός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of σκέδασονμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleσκέδασονdisperseσκεδάννυμι · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordδεῖπνονmealδεῖπνον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ὅπλεσθαιἄνωχθιcommandἄνωγα · perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 172
their meal ready. And let Agamemnon, lord of men, carry the gifts
Metre
ὅπλεσθαιτὰδὲδῶρα‖ἄναξἀνδρῶνἈγαμέμνων
ὅπλεσθαιto make readyὅπλομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ἄνωχθιτὰtheὁ · accusative plural neuter articlemodifies δῶραδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordδῶραgiftsδῶρον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of οἰσέτωἄναξlordἄναξ · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγαμέμνωνἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἄναξἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of οἰσέτω - 173
into the middle of the assembly, so that all the Achaeans
Metre
οἰσέτωἐςμέσσην‖ἀγορήνἵναπάντεςἈχαιοὶ
οἰσέτωlet him carryφέρω · present active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionμέσσηνmidstμέσος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀγορήνἀγορήνassemblyἀγορά · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐςἵναso thatἵνα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχαιοὶἈχαιοὶAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of ἴδωσι - 174
may see them with their eyes, and your heart may be warmed.
Metre
ὀφθαλμοῖσινἴδωσι‖σὺδὲφρεσὶσῇσινἰανθῇς
ὀφθαλμοῖσινeyesὀφθαλμός · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἴδωσιἴδωσιmay seeεἶδον · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verbadverbial to δὲσὺyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἰανθῇςδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordφρεσὶheartφρήν · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἰανθῇςσῇσινyourσός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies φρεσὶἰανθῇςbe warmedἰαίνω · aorist passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to δὲ - 175
Let him stand among the Argives and swear you an oath
Metre
ὀμνυέτωδέτοιὅρκον‖ἐνἈργείοισινἀναστὰς
ὀμνυέτωlet him swearὄμνυμι · present active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτοιto youσύ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ὀμνυέτωὅρκονoathὅρκος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὀμνυέτωἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionἈργείοισινArgivesἈργεῖος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐνἀναστὰςhaving stoodἀνίστημι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὀμνυέτω - 176
that he never entered her bed nor coupled with her,
Metre
μήποτετῆςεὐνῆς‖ἐπιβήμεναιἠδὲμιγῆναι
μήneverμή · adverbemphasizing particleποτεonceποτέ · particleadverbial to ἠδὲτῆςherὁ · genitive singular feminine articlemodifies εὐνῆςεὐνῆςbedεὐνή · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐπιβήμεναιἐπιβήμεναιto enterἐπιβαίνω · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἠδὲἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordμιγῆναιto coupleμίγνυμι · aorist passive infinitiveobject of ἠδὲ - 177
as is the custom, lord, between men and women.
Metre
ἣθέμιςἐστὶνἄναξ‖ἤἀνδρῶνἤτεγυναικῶν
ἣwhichὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἐστὶνθέμιςcustomθέμις · nominative singular feminine nounpredicate nounἐστὶνisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄναξlordἄναξ · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headἤbetweenἤ · conjunctionsentence particleτandτε · particleemphasizing particleἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἤἤandἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordτεandτε · particleemphasizing particleγυναικῶνwomenγυνή · genitive plural feminine nounmodifies ἤ - 178
And let the heart in your own breast be gracious.
Metre
καὶδὲσοὶαὐτῷθυμὸς‖ἐνὶφρεσὶνἵλαοςἔστω
καὶandκαί · adverbemphasizing particleδὲthenδέ · particlecoordinating wordσοὶyourσύ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies θυμὸςαὐτῷownαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementθυμὸςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔστωἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionφρεσὶνbreastφρήν · dative plural feminine nounmodifies ἐνὶἵλαοςgraciousἴλαος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἔστωlet beεἰμί · present active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 179
Then let him make amends to you with a feast in his huts,
Metre
αὐτὰρἔπειτάσεδαιτὶ‖ἐνὶκλισίῃςἀρεσάσθω
αὐτὰρthenἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἔπειτάthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἀρεσάσθωσεto youσύ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἀρεσάσθωδαιτὶfeastδαίς · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἀρεσάσθωἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionκλισίῃςhutsκλισία · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐνὶἀρεσάσθωmake amendsἀρέσκω · aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 180
a rich one, so that you lack nothing of your due.
Metre
πιείρῃἵναμή‖τιδίκηςἐπιδευὲςἔχῃσθα
πιείρῃrichπίων · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies δαιτὶἵναso thatἵνα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμήnotμή · adverbemphasizing particleτιanythingτις · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of ἔχῃσθαδίκηςyour dueδίκη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐπιδευὲςἐπιδευὲςlackingἐπιδευής · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τιἔχῃσθαyou haveἔχω · present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verbadverbial to ἵνα - 181
And you, son of Atreus, will afterward be more just toward another
Metre
Ἀτρεΐδησὺἔπειτα‖δικαιότεροςκαὶἐπἄλλῳ
Ἀτρεΐδηson of AtreusἈτρείδης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headσὺyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔσσεαιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔπειταafterwardἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to ἔσσεαιδικαιότεροςmore justδίκαιος · nominative singular masculine comparative adjectivepredicate nounκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἐπtowardἐπί · prepositionprepositionἄλλῳanotherἄλλος · dative singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐπ̓ - 182
as well. There is no cause for blame when a king
Metre
ἔσσεαιοὐμὲνγάρ‖τινεμεσσητὸνβασιλῆα
ἔσσεαιyou will beεἰμί · future middle indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbialνεμεσσητὸνblameworthyνεμεσητός · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounβασιλῆαkingβασιλεύς · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ἄνδῤ - 183
makes amends to a man when he was the first to grow angry."
Metre
ἄνδρἀπαρέσσασθαι‖ὅτετιςπρότεροςχαλεπήνῃ
ἄνδρmanἀνήρ · accusative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀπαρέσσασθαιἀπαρέσσασθαιmake amendsἀπαρέσκω · aorist middle infinitivesubjectὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτιςa manτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of χαλεπήνῃπρότεροςfirstπρότερος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementχαλεπήνῃgrew angryχαλεπαίνω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτε - 184
Then Agamemnon, lord of men, addressed him in turn:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέειπενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὖτεagainαὖτε · adverbadverbial to προσέειπενπροσέειπενaddressedπροσεῖπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄναξlordἄναξ · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγαμέμνωνἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἄναξἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέειπεν - 185
"I rejoice to hear your words, son of Laertes,
Metre
χαίρωσεῦΛαερτιάδη‖τὸνμῦθονἀκούσας
χαίρωI rejoiceχαίρω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbσεῦyourσύ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of ἀκούσαςΛαερτιάδηson of LaertesΛαερτιάδης · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headτὸνtheὁ · accusative singular masculine articlemodifies μῦθονμῦθονspeechμῦθος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀκούσαςἀκούσαςhearingἀκούω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to χαίρω - 186
for you have gone through and set out everything in due measure.
Metre
ἐνμοίρῃγὰρπάντα‖διίκεοκαὶκατέλεξας
ἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionμοίρῃdue measureμοῖρα · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleπάνταallπᾶς · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of καὶδιίκεοgone throughδιικνέομαι · aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordκατέλεξαςset outκαταλέγω · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 187
These things I am willing to swear; my heart commands it,
Metre
ταῦταἐγὼνἐθέλω‖ὀμόσαικέλεταιδέμεθυμός
ταῦταthese thingsοὗτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of ὀμόσαιδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐγὼνIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐθέλωἐθέλωwishἐθέλω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbὀμόσαιto swearὄμνυμι · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἐθέλωκέλεταιcommandsκέλομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδέandδέ · particlesentence particleμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of κέλεταιθυμόςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κέλεται - 188
and I shall not swear falsely before a god. But Achilles
Metre
οὐδἐπιορκήσω‖πρὸςδαίμονοςαὐτὰρἈχιλλεὺς
ἐπιορκήσωswear falselyἐπιορκέω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbπρὸςbeforeπρός · prepositionprepositionδαίμονοςgodδαίμων · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to πρὸςαὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἈχιλλεὺςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of μιμνέτω - 189
must wait here meanwhile, though eager for battle,
Metre
μιμνέτωαὐτόθιτεῖος‖ἐπειγόμενόςπερἌρηος
μιμνέτωlet him waitμίμνω · present active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbαὐτόθιhereαὐτόθι · adverbadverbial to μιμνέτωτεῖοςmeanwhileτέως · adverbadverbial to μιμνέτωἐπειγόμενόςeagerἐπείγω · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μιμνέτωπερthoughπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἌρηοςbattleἌρης · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐπειγόμενός - 190
and all you others wait together, until the gifts
Metre
μίμνετεἄλλοιπάντες‖ἀολλέεςὄφράκεδῶρα
μίμνετεwaitμίμνω · present active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄλλοιothersἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of μίμνετεπάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἄλλοιἀολλέεςtogetherἀολλής · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementὄφράuntilὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκεmayἄν · particlesentence particleδῶραgiftsδῶρον · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of ἔλθῃσι - 191
come from my hut and we cut the faithful oath-sacrifices.
Metre
ἐκκλισίηςἔλθῃσι‖καὶὅρκιαπιστὰτάμωμεν
ἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionκλισίηςhutκλισία · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐκἔλθῃσιcomeἔρχομαι · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὅρκιαoath-sacrificesὅρκιον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of τάμωμενπιστὰfaithfulπιστός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ὅρκιατάμωμενwe cutτέμνω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to καὶ - 192
To you yourself I lay this charge and give this command:
Metre
σοὶαὐτῷτόδἐγὼν‖ἐπιτέλλομαιἠδὲκελεύω
σοὶto youσύ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἠδὲδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὐτῷyourselfαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementτόδthisὅδε · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of ἠδὲἐγὼνIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἠδὲἐπιτέλλομαιI chargeἐπιτέλλω · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἠδὲandἠδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκελεύωcommandκελεύω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 193
choose young men, the best of all the Achaeans,
Metre
κρινάμενοςκούρητας‖ἀριστῆαςΠαναχαιῶν
κρινάμενοςhaving chosenκρίνω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐνεικέμενκούρηταςyoung menκούρητες · accusative plural masculine nounobject of κρινάμενοςἀριστῆαςbest warriorsἀριστεύς · accusative plural masculine nounmodifies κούρηταςΠαναχαιῶνall AchaeansΠαναχαιοί · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἀριστῆας - 194
to bring from beside my ship the gifts that yesterday
Metre
δῶραἐμῆςπαρὰνηὸς‖ἐνεικέμενὅσσἈχιλῆϊ
δῶραgiftsδῶρον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἐνεικέμενἐμῆςmyἐμός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies νηὸςπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionνηὸςshipναῦς · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to παρὰἐνεικέμενbringἐνίημι · perfect active infinitivemain verbὅσσas many asὅσος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of δώσεινἈχιλῆϊto AchillesἈχιλλεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of δώσειν - 195
we promised to give Achilles, and to bring the women too.
Metre
χθιζὸνὑπέστημεν‖δώσεινἀγέμεντεγυναῖκας
χθιζὸνyesterdayχθιζός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ὑπέστημενὑπέστημενpromisedὑφίστημι · aorist active indicative, 1st plural verbverb of a clause describing δῶραδώσεινto giveδίδωμι · future active infinitiveobject of ὑπέστημενἀγέμενto bringἄγω · present active infinitivemain verbτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordγυναῖκαςwomenγυνή · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἀγέμεν - 196
And let Talthybius quickly range through the Achaeans' broad host
Metre
Ταλθύβιοςδέμοιὦκα‖κατὰστρατὸνεὐρὺνἈχαιῶν
ΤαλθύβιοςTalthybiusΤαλθύβιος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἑτοιμασάτωδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμοιfor meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἑτοιμασάτωὦκαswiftlyὦκα · adverbadverbial to ἑτοιμασάτωκατὰthroughκατά · prepositionprepositionστρατὸνarmyστρατός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to κατὰεὐρὺνbroadεὐρύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies στρατὸνἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies στρατὸν - 197
and make ready a boar to cut in sacrifice to Zeus and Helios."
Metre
κάπρονἑτοιμασάτω‖ταμέεινΔιίἨελίῳτε
κάπρονboarκάπρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἑτοιμασάτωἑτοιμασάτωmake readyἑτοιμάζω · aorist active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbταμέεινto cutτέμνω · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἑτοιμασάτωΔιίZeusΖεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of τετandτε · particlesentence particleἨελίῳHeliosἠέλιος · dative singular masculine nounobject of τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 198
Then swift-footed Achilles answered him and said:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπαμειβόμενοςansweringἀπαμείβομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηansweredπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπόδαςfeetπούς · accusative plural masculine nounadverbial to ὠκὺςὠκὺςswiftὠκύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχιλλεύςἈχιλλεύςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 199
"Son of Atreus, most glorious, Agamemnon, lord of men,
Metre
Ἀτρεΐδηκύδιστε‖ἄναξἀνδρῶνἈγάμεμνον
Ἀτρεΐδηson of AtreusἈτρείδης · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγάμεμνονκύδιστεmost gloriousκύδιστος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀτρεΐδηἄναξlordἄναξ · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγάμεμνονἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ἄναξἈγάμεμνονAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided head - 200
at another time you two should attend to these things more fittingly,
Metre
ἄλλοτέπερκαὶμᾶλλον‖ὀφέλλετεταῦταπένεσθαι
ἄλλοτέat another timeἄλλοτε · adverbadverbial to ὀφέλλετεπερevenπέρ · particleemphasizing particleκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleμᾶλλονmoreμᾶλλον · adverbadverbial to ὀφέλλετεὀφέλλετεyou shouldὀφέλλω · imperfect active indicative, 2nd plural verbmain verbταῦταthese thingsοὗτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of πένεσθαιπένεσθαιattend toπένομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of ὀφέλλετε - 201
whenever there comes some breathing-space from war
Metre
ὁππότετιςμεταπαυσωλὴ‖πολέμοιογένηται
ὁππότεwheneverὁπότε · adverbadverbial to καὶτιςsomeτις · nominative singular feminine pronounmodifies μεταπαυσωλὴμεταπαυσωλὴbreathing-spaceμεταπαυσωλή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of γένηταιπολέμοιοwarπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies μεταπαυσωλὴγένηταιcomesγίγνομαι · aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶ - 202
and the fury within my breast is not so great.
Metre
καὶμένοςοὐτόσονᾖσιν‖ἐνὶστήθεσσινἐμοῖσι
καὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμένοςfuryμένος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ᾖσινοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτόσονso greatτόσος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounᾖσινisεἰμί · present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσινbreastστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounmodifies ἐνὶἐμοῖσιmyἐμός · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies στήθεσσιν - 203
But now those men lie hacked apart, all slain by
Metre
νῦνοἳμὲνκέαται‖δεδαϊγμένοιοὓςἐδάμασσεν
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to κέαταιδbutδέ · particlesentence particleοἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of κέαταιμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκέαταιlieκεῖμαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδεδαϊγμένοιmangledδαίζω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to κέαταιοὓςwhomὅς · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ἐδάμασσενἐδάμασσενslewδαμάζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing οἳ - 204
Hector, son of Priam, when Zeus granted him glory;
Metre
ἝκτωρΠριαμίδης‖ὅτεοἱΖεὺςκῦδοςἔδωκεν
ἝκτωρHectorἝκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐδάμασσενΠριαμίδηςson of PriamΠριαμίδης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἕκτωρὅτεwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοἱto himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔδωκενΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔδωκενκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔδωκενἔδωκενgrantedδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτε - 205
and you two urge the men to eat. No—my command
Metre
ὑμεῖςἐςβρωτὺν‖ὀτρύνετονἦἂνἔγωγε
ὑμεῖςyou twoσύ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ὀτρύνετονδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionβρωτὺνfoodβρῶσις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐςὀτρύνετονurgeὀτρύνω · present active indicative, 2nd dual verbmain verbἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleτindeedτε · particlesentence particleἂνwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἔγωγεIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀνώγοιμι - 206
would now be for the sons of the Achaeans to fight,
Metre
νῦνμὲνἀνώγοιμι‖πτολεμίζεινυἷαςἈχαιῶν
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἀνώγοιμιμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἀνώγοιμιwould commandἄνωγα · present active optative, 1st singular verbmain verbπτολεμίζεινto fightπολεμίζω · present active infinitiveobject of δ̓υἷαςsonsυἱός · accusative plural masculine nounsubject of πτολεμίζεινἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies υἷας - 207
fasting and without food, and then, when the sun goes down,
Metre
νήστιαςἀκμήνους‖ἅμαἠελίῳκαταδύντι
νήστιαςfastingνῆστις · accusative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀκμήνουςwithout foodἄκμηνος · accusative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἅμαwhenἅμα · prepositionprepositionδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἠελίῳsunἠέλιος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἅμακαταδύντιsettingκαταδύω · aorist active participle, dative singular masculinemodifies ἠελίῳ - 208
to prepare a great supper, once we have avenged the outrage.
Metre
τεύξεσθαιμέγαδόρπον‖ἐπὴντεισαίμεθαλώβην
τεύξεσθαιprepareτεύχω · future middle infinitiveobject of δ̓μέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δόρπονδόρπονsupperδόρπον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of τεύξεσθαιἐπὴνonceἐπήν · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτεισαίμεθαwe have avengedτίνω · aorist middle optative, 1st plural verbadverbial to ἐπὴνλώβηνoutrageλώβη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of τεισαίμεθα - 209
Before then, nothing could pass down my throat—
Metre
πρὶνοὔπωςἂνἔμοιγε‖φίλονκατὰλαιμὸνἰείη
πρὶνbeforeπρίν · adverbadverbial to ἰείηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleπωςin any wayπως · particleadverbial to ἰείηἂνwouldἄν · particlesentence particleἔμοιγεfor meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἰείηφίλονdearφίλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies λαιμὸνκατὰdownκατά · prepositionprepositionλαιμὸνthroatλαιμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of κατὰἰείηpassεἶμι · present active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 210
neither drink nor food—while my comrade lies dead,
Metre
οὐπόσιςοὐδὲβρῶσις‖ἑταίρουτεθνηῶτος
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleπόσιςdrinkπόσις · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of δὲβρῶσιςfoodβρῶσις · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of δὲἑταίρουcomradeἑταῖρος · genitive singular masculine nounsubject of τεθνηῶτοςτεθνηῶτοςdeadθνήσκω · perfect active participle, genitive singular masculineadverbial to ἰείη - 211
hacked apart by sharp bronze inside my hut,
Metre
ὅςμοιἐνὶκλισίῃ‖δεδαϊγμένοςὀξέϊχαλκῷ
ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of κεῖταιμοιmyἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies κλισίῃἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionκλισίῃhutκλισία · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνὶδεδαϊγμένοςmangledδαίζω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κεῖταιὀξέϊsharpὀξύς · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χαλκῷχαλκῷbronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounobject of δεδαϊγμένος - 212
lying turned toward the doorway, while around him his comrades
Metre
κεῖταιἀνὰπρόθυρον‖τετραμμένοςἀμφὶἑταῖροι
κεῖταιliesκεῖμαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓ἀνὰtowardἀνά · prepositionprepositionπρόθυρονdoorwayπρόθυρον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἀνὰτετραμμένοςturnedτρέπω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κεῖταιἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · adverbadverbial to μύρονταιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἑταῖροιcomradesἑταῖρος · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of μύρονται - 213
mourn. So none of these matters has any place in my mind,
Metre
μύρονταιτόμοιοὔ‖τιμετὰφρεσὶταῦταμέμηλεν
μύρονταιmournμύρω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing δ̓τόsoὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounsentence particleμοιfor meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of μέμηλενοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to μέμηλενμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionφρεσὶmindφρήν · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to μετὰταῦταthese mattersοὗτος · nominative plural neuter adjectivesubject of μέμηλενμέμηλενmattersμέλω · perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 214
but only slaughter and blood and the grievous groan of men."
Metre
ἀλλὰφόνοςτεκαὶαἷμα‖καὶἀργαλέοςστόνοςἀνδρῶν
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordφόνοςslaughterφόνος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleαἷμαbloodαἷμα · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀργαλέοςgrievousἀργαλέος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies στόνοςστόνοςgroanστόνος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶἀνδρῶνmenἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies στόνος - 215
Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him and said:
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπαμειβόμενοςansweringἀπαμείβομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηansweredπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπολύμητιςof many wilesπολύμητις · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσσεύςὈδυσσεύςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 216
"Achilles, son of Peleus, far greatest of the Achaeans,
ὦOὦ · interjectionemphasizing particleἈχιλεῦAchillesἈχιλλεύς · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headΠηλῆοςPeleusΠηλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἱὲυἱὲsonυἱός · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀχιλεῦμέγαfarμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to φέρτατ̓φέρτατgreatestφέρτατος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχιλεῦἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies φέρτατ̓ - 217
you are stronger than I and better by no small measure
Metre
κρείσσωνεἰςἐμέθεν‖καὶφέρτεροςοὐκὀλίγονπερ
κρείσσωνstrongerκρείσσων · nominative singular masculine comparative adjectivepredicate nounεἰςyou areεἰμί · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἐμέθενthan meἐγώ · genitive singular masculine pronounadverbial to κρείσσωνκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordφέρτεροςbetterφέρτατος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleὀλίγονsmallὀλίγος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to φέρτεροςπερat allπέρ · particleemphasizing particle - 218
with the spear; but in counsel I would surpass you
Metre
ἔγχειἐγὼδέκεσεῖο‖νοήματίγεπροβαλοίμην
ἔγχειspearἔγχος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to φέρτεροςἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of προβαλοίμηνδέbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordκεwouldἄν · particlesentence particleσεῖοyouσύ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of προβαλοίμηννοήματίcounselνόημα · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to προβαλοίμηνγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleπροβαλοίμηνsurpassπροβάλλω · aorist middle optative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 219
by far, since I was born before you and know more.
Metre
πολλόνἐπεὶπρότερος‖γενόμηνκαὶπλείοναοἶδα
πολλόνby farπολύς · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to προβαλοίμηνἐπεὶsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπρότεροςbefore youπρότερος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementγενόμηνI was bornγίγνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verbadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπλείοναmoreπλείων · accusative plural neuter comparative adjectiveobject of οἶδαοἶδαI knowοἶδα · perfect active indicative, 1st singular verbadverbial to καὶ - 220
So let your heart endure my words.
Metre
τώτοιἐπιτλήτω‖κραδίημύθοισινἐμοῖσιν
τώsoτῷ · adverbsentence particleτοιyourσύ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies κραδίηἐπιτλήτωendureἐπιτλῆναι · aorist active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκραδίηheartκαρδία · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἐπιτλήτωμύθοισινwordsμῦθος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐπιτλήτωἐμοῖσινmyἐμός · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies μύθοισιν - 221
Men quickly take their fill of the battle-din,
Metre
αἶψάτεφυλόπιδος‖πέλεταικόροςἀνθρώποισιν
αἶψάquicklyαἶψα · adverbadverbial to πέλεταιτεandτε · particlesentence particleφυλόπιδοςbattle-dinφύλοπις · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies κόροςπέλεταιcomesπέλω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκόροςfullnessκόρος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πέλεταιἀνθρώποισινmenἄνθρωπος · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to πέλεται - 222
where bronze has strewn the greatest quantity of stalks upon the ground,
Metre
ἧςτεπλείστηνμὲν‖καλάμηνχθονὶχαλκὸςἔχευεν
ἧςwhereὅς · genitive singular feminine pronounadverbial to δ̓τεandτε · particlesentence particleπλείστηνgreatestπλεῖστος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies καλάμηνμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκαλάμηνstalksκαλάμη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔχευενχθονὶearthχθών · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἔχευενχαλκὸςbronzeχαλκός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔχευενἔχευενhas strewnχέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δ̓ - 223
but the harvest is smallest, when Zeus tilts the scales
ἄμητοςharvestἄμητος · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordὀλίγιστοςsmallestὀλίγιστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἐπὴνwheneverἐπήν · adverbsubordinating conjunctionκλίνῃσιtiltsκλίνω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπὴντάλανταscalesτάλαντον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of κλίνῃσι - 224
Zeus, who is made the steward of war for men.
ΖεύςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κλίνῃσιὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of τέτυκταιτindeedτε · particleemphasizing particleἀνθρώπωνmenἄνθρωπος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ταμίηςταμίηςstewardτάμιας · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate nounπολέμοιοwarπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ταμίηςτέτυκταιis madeτεύχω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing Ζεύς - 225
The Achaeans cannot mourn a corpse with the belly;
Metre
γαστέριοὔπωςἔστι‖νέκυνπενθῆσαιἈχαιούς
γαστέριwith the bellyγαστήρ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to πενθῆσαιThe dative is instrumental: mourning cannot be sustained “with the belly,” meaning while fasting.
δbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὔnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleπωςsomehowπως · particleadverbial to ἔστιἔστιis possibleεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνέκυνa corpseνέκυς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of πενθῆσαιπενθῆσαιto mournπενθέω · aorist active infinitivesubject of ἔστιἈχαιούςAchaeansἈχαιός · accusative plural masculine adjectivesubject of πενθῆσαι - 226
for all through the days too many men fall thick and fast—
Metre
λίηνγὰρπολλοὶ‖καὶἐπήτριμοιἤματαπάντα
λίηνexceedinglyλίαν · adverbemphasizing particleγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleπολλοὶmanyπολύς · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐπήτριμοιthick togetherἐπήτριμος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἤματαdaysἦμαρ · accusative plural neuter nounadverbial to πίπτουσινπάνταallπᾶς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἤματα - 227
when could anyone draw breath from the toil?
Metre
πίπτουσινπότεκέν‖τιςἀναπνεύσειεπόνοιο
πίπτουσινfallπίπτω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbπότεwhenπότε · pronounadverbial to ἀναπνεύσειεκένcouldἄν · particlesentence particleτιςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀναπνεύσειεἀναπνεύσειεdraw breathἀναπνέω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπόνοιοfrom the toilπόνος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀναπνεύσειε - 228
No, we must bury whoever dies,
Metre
ἀλλὰχρὴτὸνμὲν‖καταθάπτεινὅςκεθάνῃσι
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleχρὴmustχρή · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτὸνthe oneὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of καταθάπτεινμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκαταθάπτεινto buryκαταθάπτω · present active infinitivesubject of χρὴὅςwhoeverὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of θάνῃσικεmayἄν · particlesentence particleθάνῃσιdiesθνήσκω · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τὸν - 229
holding a pitiless heart after mourning him for one day;
νηλέαpitilessνηλής · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θυμὸνθυμὸνa heartθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔχονταςἔχονταςholdingἔχω · present active participle, accusative plural masculineadverbial to καταθάπτεινἐπforἐπί · prepositionprepositionἤματιone dayἦμαρ · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to ἐπ̓δακρύσανταςhaving mournedδακρύω · aorist active participle, accusative plural masculineadverbial to καταθάπτειν - 230
but all of us who are left alive from hateful war
Metre
ὅσσοιἂνπολέμοιο‖περὶστυγεροῖολίπωνται
ὅσσοιas many asὅσος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of λίπωνταιδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἂνmayἄν · particlesentence particleπολέμοιοfrom warπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of λίπωνταιπερὶremaining fromπερί · prepositionemphasizing particleστυγεροῖοhatefulστυγερός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies πολέμοιολίπωνταιare leftλείπω · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verbsubject of μεμνῆσθαι - 231
must remember drink and food, so that with still greater force
Metre
μεμνῆσθαιπόσιος‖καὶἐδητύοςὄφρἔτιμᾶλλον
μεμνῆσθαιrememberμιμνήσκω · perfect medio-passive infinitivemain verbπόσιοςdrinkπόσις · genitive singular feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐδητύοςfoodἐδητύς · genitive singular feminine nounobject of καὶὄφρso thatὄφρα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἔτιstillἔτι · adverbemphasizing particleμᾶλλονmoreμᾶλλον · adverbadverbial to μαχώμεθα - 232
we may fight hostile men without ceasing, ever,
Metre
ἀνδράσιδυσμενέεσσι‖μαχώμεθανωλεμὲςαἰεὶ
ἀνδράσιagainst menἀνήρ · dative plural masculine nounobject of μαχώμεθαδυσμενέεσσιhostileδυσμενής · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνδράσιμαχώμεθαwe may fightμάχομαι · present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to ὄφῤνωλεμὲςceaselesslyνωλεμές · adverbadverbial to μαχώμεθααἰεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to μαχώμεθα - 233
clothing our bodies in unyielding bronze. Let no one
Metre
ἑσσάμενοιχροῒχαλκὸν‖ἀτειρέαμηδέτιςἄλλην
ἑσσάμενοιhaving clothedἕννυμι · aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to μαχώμεθαχροῒour bodiesχρώς · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἑσσάμενοιχαλκὸνbronzeχαλκός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἑσσάμενοιἀτειρέαunyieldingἀτειρής · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χαλκὸντιςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἰσχαναάσθωἄλληνanotherἄλλος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ὀτρυντὺν - 234
hold back awaiting another summons of the army;
Metre
λαῶνὀτρυντὺν‖ποτιδέγμενοςἰσχαναάσθω
λαῶνarmyλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τιςὀτρυντὺνsummonsὀτρυντύς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ποτιδέγμενοςποτιδέγμενοςawaitingπροσδέχομαι · aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἰσχαναάσθωἰσχαναάσθωhang backἰσχανάω · present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 235
for this summons will bring evil to whoever is left behind
Metre
ἥδεγὰρὀτρυντὺς‖κακὸνἔσσεταιὅςκελίπηται
ἥδεthisὅδε · nominative singular feminine pronounsubjectγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleὀτρυντὺςsummonsὀτρυντύς · nominative singular feminine nounpredicate nounκακὸνevilκακός · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἔσσεταιwill beεἰμί · future middle indicative, 3rd singular verbsubjectὅςwhoeverὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of λίπηταικεmayἄν · particlesentence particleλίπηταιis leftλείπω · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἔσσεται - 236
at the Argive ships; but gathered together, rushing forward, we
Metre
νηυσὶνἐπἈργείων‖ἀλλἀθρόοιὁρμηθέντες
νηυσὶνshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐπ̓ἐπatἐπί · prepositionprepositionἈργείωνof the ArgivesἈργεῖος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies νηυσὶνἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἀθρόοιall togetherἀθρόος · nominative plural masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementὁρμηθέντεςrushing forwardὁρμάω · aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἐγείρομεν - 237
are rousing sharp Ares against the horse-taming Trojans."
Metre
Τρωσὶνἐφἱπποδάμοισιν‖ἐγείρομενὀξὺνἌρηα
ΤρωσὶνTrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἐφ̓ἐφagainstἐπί · prepositionprepositionἱπποδάμοισινhorse-tamingἱππόδαμος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρωσὶνἐγείρομενwe rouseἐγείρω · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbmain verbὀξὺνsharpὀξύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἌρηαἌρηαAresἌρης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐγείρομεν - 238
So he spoke, and chose the sons of glorious Nestor,
Metre
ἦκαὶΝέστοροςυἷας‖ὀπάσσατοκυδαλίμοιο
ἦhe spokeἠμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΝέστοροςNestor’sΝέστωρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies υἷαςυἷαςsonsυἱός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶὀπάσσατοchoseὀπάζω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκυδαλίμοιοgloriousκυδάλιμος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Νέστορος - 239
Meges, son of Phyleus, Thoas, and Meriones,
Metre
ΦυλεΐδηντεΜέγητα‖ΘόαντάτεΜηριόνηντε
Φυλεΐδηνson of PhyleusΦυλείδης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies Μέγητατεandτε · particlesentence particleΜέγηταMegesΜέγης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶΘόαντάThoasΘόας · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleΜηριόνηνMerionesΜηριόνης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particle - 240
Lycomedes, son of Creon, and Melanippus;
Metre
καὶΚρειοντιάδην‖ΛυκομήδεακαὶΜελάνιππον
καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleΚρειοντιάδηνson of CreonΚρειοντιάδης · accusative singular masculine nounmodifies ΛυκομήδεαΛυκομήδεαLycomedesΛυκομήδης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΜελάνιππονMelanippusΜελάνιππος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of καὶ - 241
and they set out for the shelter of Agamemnon, son of Atreus.
Metre
βὰνἴμενἐςκλισίην‖ἈγαμέμνονοςἈτρεΐδαο
βὰνthey wentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἴμενto goεἶμι · present active infinitiveobject of βὰνἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionκλισίηνshelterκλισία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐςἈγαμέμνονοςAgamemnon’sἈγαμέμνων · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies κλισίηνἈτρεΐδαοson of AtreusἈτρείδης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies Ἀγαμέμνονος - 242
At once the word was spoken and the deed accomplished:
Metre
αὐτίκἔπειθἅμαμῦθος‖ἔηντετέλεστοδὲἔργον
αὐτίκat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to δὲἔπειθthenἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to δὲἅμαtogetherἅμα · adverbadverbial to δὲμῦθοςwordμῦθος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔηνἔηνwasεἰμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτετέλεστοhad been accomplishedτελέω · pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbThe pluperfect marks the deed as already completed as soon as the order was spoken.
δὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔργονdeedἔργον · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of τετέλεστο - 243
from the shelter they carried seven tripods, which he had promised him,
Metre
ἑπτὰμὲνἐκκλισίης‖τρίποδαςφέρονοὕςοἱὑπέστη
ἑπτὰsevenἑπτά · numeralmodifies τρίποδαςμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionκλισίηςshelterκλισία · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐκτρίποδαςtripodsτρίπους · accusative plural masculine nounobject of δ̓φέρονthey carriedφέρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbοὕςwhichὅς · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ὑπέστηοἱfor himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ὑπέστηὑπέστηhad promisedὑφίστημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τρίποδας - 244
twenty gleaming cauldrons, and twelve horses,
Metre
αἴθωναςδὲλέβητας‖ἐείκοσιδώδεκαἵππους
αἴθωναςgleamingαἴθων · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies λέβηταςδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleλέβηταςcauldronsλέβης · accusative plural masculine nounobject of δ̓ἐείκοσιtwentyεἴκοσι · numeralmodifies λέβηταςδώδεκαtwelveδώδεκα · numeralmodifies ἵππουςδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of δ̓ - 245
and quickly led out seven women skilled in blameless handiwork,
ἐκoutἐκ · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄγονthey ledἄγω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbαἶψαquicklyαἶψα · adverbadverbial to ἄγονγυναῖκαςwomenγυνή · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἀτὰρἀμύμοναblamelessἀμύμων · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔργαἔργαhandiworkἔργον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἰδυίαςἰδυίαςskilled inοἶδα · perfect active participle, accusative plural femininemodifies γυναῖκας - 246
and as the eighth, fair-cheeked Briseis.
ἕπτsevenἑπτά · numeralmodifies γυναῖκαςἀτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlecoordinating wordὀγδοάτηνeighthὀγδόατος · accusative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementΒρισηΐδαBriseisΒρισηίς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἀτὰρκαλλιπάρῃονfair-cheekedκαλλιπάρηος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Βρισηΐδα - 247
Odysseus weighed out all ten talents of gold
Metre
χρυσοῦδὲστήσας‖Ὀδυσεὺςδέκαπάντατάλαντα
χρυσοῦgoldχρυσός · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies τάλανταδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleστήσαςhaving weighedἵστημι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἦρχ̓ὈδυσεὺςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἦρχ̓δέκαtenδέκα · numeralmodifies τάλανταπάνταallπᾶς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τάλαντατάλανταtalentsτάλαντον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of στήσας - 248
and led the way, while other young Achaeans carried the gifts.
Metre
ἦρχἅμαἄλλοιδῶρα‖φέρονκούρητεςἈχαιῶν
ἦρχled the wayἄρχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἅμαtogetherἅμα · adverbadverbial to φέρονδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄλλοιotherἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies κούρητεςδῶραgiftsδῶρον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of φέρονφέρονcarriedφέρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκούρητεςyoung warriorsκούρητες · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of φέρονἈχαιῶνAchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies κούρητες - 249
They set them down in the midst of the assembly, and Agamemnon
Metre
καὶτὰμὲνἐνμέσσῃ‖ἀγορῇθέσανἂνἈγαμέμνων
καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleτὰthemὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of θέσανμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionμέσσῃmiddle ofμέσος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀγορῇἀγορῇassemblyἀγορά · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐνθέσανthey placedτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἂνupἀνά · prepositionemphasizing particleThis preverb belongs with the next line’s verb: Agamemnon “rose up,” a case of tmesis.
δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἈγαμέμνωνAgamemnonἈγαμέμνων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἵστατο - 250
rose; and Talthybius, whose voice was like a god's,
Metre
ἵστατοΤαλθύβιος‖δὲθεῷἐναλίγκιοςαὐδὴν
ἵστατοroseἵστημι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΤαλθύβιοςTalthybiusΤαλθύβιος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of παρίστατοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordθεῷa godθεός · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἐναλίγκιοςἐναλίγκιοςlikeἐναλίγκιος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ταλθύβιοςαὐδὴνin voiceαὐδή · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐναλίγκιος - 251
stood beside the shepherd of the people, holding a boar in his hands.
Metre
κάπρονἔχωνἐνχερσὶ‖παρίστατοποιμένιλαῶν
κάπρονa boarκάπρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔχωνἔχωνholdingἔχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to παρίστατοἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionχερσὶhis handsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐνπαρίστατοstood besideπαρίστημι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbποιμένιshepherdποιμήν · dative singular masculine nounobject of παρίστατολαῶνof the peopleλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ποιμένι - 252
And the son of Atreus, drawing with his hands the knife
Metre
Ἀτρεΐδηςδὲἐρυσσάμενος‖χείρεσσιμάχαιραν
Ἀτρεΐδηςson of AtreusἈτρείδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of εὔχετοδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐρυσσάμενοςdrawingἐρύω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εὔχετοχείρεσσιwith his handsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐρυσσάμενοςμάχαιρανknifeμάχαιρα · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐρυσσάμενος - 253
that always hung beside the great sheath of his sword,
Metre
ἥοἱπὰρξίφεος‖μέγακουλεὸναἰὲνἄωρτο
ἥwhichὅς · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἄωρτοοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies ξίφεοςπὰρbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionξίφεοςswordξίφος · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies κουλεὸνμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κουλεὸνκουλεὸνsheathκολεόν · accusative singular neuter nounobject of πὰραἰὲνalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ἄωρτοἄωρτοhungἀείρω · pluperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing μάχαιραν - 254
first cut hairs from the boar, then raised his hands to Zeus
Metre
κάπρουἀπὸτρίχαςἀρξάμενος‖Διὶχεῖραςἀνασχὼν
κάπρουthe boarκάπρος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies τρίχαςἀπὸfromἀπό · prepositionemphasizing particleτρίχαςhairsθρίξ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἀρξάμενοςἀρξάμενοςbeginning withἄρχω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εὔχετοΔιὶto Zeusζεύς · dative singular masculine nounobject of εὔχετοχεῖραςhandsχείρ · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἀνασχὼνἀνασχὼνraisingἀνέχω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εὔχετο - 255
and prayed; and all the Argives sat there in silence,
Metre
εὔχετοτοὶἄραπάντες‖ἐπαὐτόφινεἵατοσιγῇ
εὔχετοprayedεὔχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτοὶtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine articlemodifies Ἀργεῖοιδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleπάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀργεῖοιἐπthereἐπί · prepositionprepositionαὐτόφινon the spotαὐτόφι · adverbadverbial to ἐπ̓εἵατοsatἧμαι · pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbσιγῇin silenceσιγή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to εἵατο - 256
in due order, listening to their king.
Metre
Ἀργεῖοικατὰμοῖραν‖ἀκούοντεςβασιλῆος
ἈργεῖοιArgivesἈργεῖος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of εἵατοκατὰaccording toκατά · prepositionprepositionμοῖρανproper orderμοῖρα · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to κατὰἀκούοντεςlisteningἀκούω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to εἵατοβασιλῆοςtheir kingβασιλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀκούοντες - 257
He prayed, looked up into the broad sky, and said:
εὐξάμενοςhaving prayedεὔχομαι · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἶπενδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleεἶπενsaidεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἰδὼνlookingεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to εἶπενεἰςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionοὐρανὸνskyοὐρανός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of εἰςεὐρύνbroadεὐρύς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies οὐρανὸν - 258
"Now let Zeus be witness first, highest and best of the gods,
Metre
ἴστωνῦνΖεὺςπρῶτα‖θεῶνὕπατοςκαὶἄριστος
ἴστωbe witnessοἶδα · perfect active imperative, 3rd singular verbmain verbThe imperative of “know” serves as a formal call to witness in the oath.
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἴστωΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶπρῶταfirstπρῶτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἴστωθεῶνof godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καὶὕπατοςhighestὕπατος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄριστοςbestἄριστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies καὶ - 259
and Earth and Sun and the Erinyes, who beneath the earth
Metre
ΓῆτεκαὶἨέλιος‖καὶἘρινύεςαἵὑπὸγαῖαν
ΓῆEarthγῆ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶalsoκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἨέλιοςSunἠέλιος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἘρινύεςErinyesἘρινύς · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of καὶαἵwhoὅς · nominative plural feminine pronounsubject of τίνυνταιθandτε · particleemphasizing particleὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionγαῖανearthγαῖα · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to ὑπὸ - 260
punish any mortal who swears a false oath:
Metre
ἀνθρώπουςτίνυνται‖ὅτιςἐπίορκονὀμόσσῃ
ἀνθρώπουςmortalsἄνθρωπος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of τίνυνταιτίνυνταιpunishτίνυμαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing Ἐρινύεςὅτιςwhoeverὅστις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ὀμόσσῃκmayἄν · particlesentence particleἐπίορκονfalsely swornἐπίορκος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveobject of ὀμόσσῃὀμόσσῃswearsὄμνυμι · aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἀνθρώπους - 261
never did I lay a hand upon the girl Briseis,
μὴnotμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐπένεικακούρῃgirlκόρη · dative singular feminine nounmodifies ΒρισηΐδιΒρισηΐδιBriseisΒρισηίς · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπένεικαχεῖρhandχείρ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπένεικαἐπένεικαlaid uponἐπιφέρω · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbobject of μὴ - 262
neither seeking occasion for her bed nor for anything else,
Metre
οὔτεὐνῆςπρόφασιν‖κεχρημένοςοὔτέτευἄλλου
εὐνῆςher bedεὐνή · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies πρόφασινπρόφασινoccasionπρόφασις · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to κεχρημένοςκεχρημένοςseekingχράω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to οὔτέοὔτέnorοὔτε · adverbcoordinating wordτευanythingτις · genitive singular neuter pronounmodifies οὔτέἄλλουelseἄλλος · genitive singular neuter adjectivemodifies τευ - 263
but she remained untouched within my shelters.
Metre
ἀλλἔμενἀπροτίμαστος‖ἐνὶκλισίῃσινἐμῇσιν
ἀλλbutἀλλά · conjunctionsentence particleἔμενremainedμένω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἀπροτίμαστοςuntouchedἀπροτίμαστος · nominative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementThe word means not approached or touched, defining the precise claim made in Agamemnon’s oath.
ἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionκλισίῃσινsheltersκλισία · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐνὶἐμῇσινmyἐμός · dative plural feminine adjectivemodifies κλισίῃσιν - 264
If any of this is falsely sworn, may the gods give me pains,
Metre
εἰδέτιτῶνδἐπίορκον‖ἐμοὶθεοὶἄλγεαδοῖεν
εἰifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionδέbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordτιanythingτις · nominative singular neuter pronounsubjectτῶνδof theseὅδε · genitive plural neuter pronounmodifies τιἐπίορκονfalsely swornἐπίορκος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἐμοὶto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of δοῖενθεοὶgodsθεός · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of δοῖενἄλγεαpainsἄλγος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of δοῖενδοῖενmay giveδίδωμι · aorist active optative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 265
many indeed—all they give a man who sins against them by his oath."
Metre
πολλὰμάλὅσσαδιδοῦσιν‖ὅτίςἀλίτηταιὀμόσσας
πολλὰmanyπολύς · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἄλγεαμάλindeedμάλα · adverbemphasizing particleὅσσαas many asὅσος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject of διδοῦσινδιδοῦσινthey giveδίδωμι · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἄλγεαὅτίςwhoeverὅστις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἀλίτηταισφagainst themσφεῖς · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ἀλίτηταιἀλίτηταιsinsἀλιταίνω · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verbobject of διδοῦσινὀμόσσαςhaving swornὄμνυμι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀλίτηται - 266
He spoke, and cut the boar's throat with pitiless bronze.
Metre
ἦκαὶἀπὸστόμαχον‖κάπρουτάμενηλέϊχαλκῷ
ἦhe spokeἠμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀπὸoffἀπό · prepositionemphasizing particleστόμαχονthroatστόμαχος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τάμεκάπρουof the boarκάπρος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies στόμαχοντάμεcutτέμνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbνηλέϊpitilessνηλής · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χαλκῷχαλκῷbronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to τάμε - 267
Talthybius whirled it and cast it into the great gulf
Metre
τὸνμὲνΤαλθύβιος‖πολιῆςἁλὸςἐςμέγαλαῖτμα
τὸνitὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ῥῖψ̓μὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleΤαλθύβιοςTalthybiusΤαλθύβιος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ῥῖψ̓πολιῆςgrayπολιός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἁλὸςἁλὸςseaἅλς · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies λαῖτμαἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies λαῖτμαλαῖτμαgulfλαῖτμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐς - 268
of the gray sea as food for fish; but Achilles
Metre
ῥῖψἐπιδινήσας‖βόσινἰχθύσιναὐτὰρἈχιλλεὺς
ῥῖψcastῥίπτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐπιδινήσαςwhirlingἐπιδινέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ῥῖψ̓βόσινas foodβόσις · accusative singular feminine nouncircumstantial complementἰχθύσινfor fishἰχθύς · dative plural masculine nounmodifies βόσιναὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἈχιλλεὺςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of μετηύδα - 269
rose and addressed the war-loving Argives:
Metre
ἀνστὰςἈργείοισι‖φιλοπτολέμοισιμετηύδα
ἀνστὰςhaving risenἀνίστημι · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to μετηύδαἈργείοισιArgivesἈργεῖος · dative plural masculine adjectiveobject of μετηύδαφιλοπτολέμοισιwar-lovingφιλοπόλεμος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀργείοισιμετηύδαaddressedμεταυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 270
"Father Zeus, great are the delusions you give to men.
ΖεῦZeusΖεύς · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headπάτερfatherπάτηρ · vocative singular masculine nounmodifies Ζεῦἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleμεγάλαςgreatμέγας · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἄταςἄταςdelusionsἄτη · accusative plural feminine nounobject of διδοῖσθαἄνδρεσσιto menἀνήρ · dative plural masculine nounobject of διδοῖσθαδιδοῖσθαyou giveδίδωμι · present active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 271
Otherwise the son of Atreus could never have roused the spirit
Metre
οὐκἂνδήποτεθυμὸν‖ἐνὶστήθεσσινἐμοῖσιν
οὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἂνwouldἄν · particlesentence particleδήindeedδή · particlesentence particleποτεeverποτέ · particleadverbial to ὤρινεθυμὸνspiritθυμός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὤρινεἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσινbreastστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounmodifies ἐνὶἐμοῖσινmyἐμός · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies στήθεσσιν - 272
within my breast so utterly, nor could he have taken the girl
Metre
Ἀτρεΐδηςὤρινε‖διαμπερέςοὐδέκεκούρην
Ἀτρεΐδηςson of AtreusἈτρείδης · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὤρινεὤρινεstirredὀρίνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδιαμπερέςutterlyδιαμπερές · adverbadverbial to ὤρινεκεcouldἄν · particlesentence particleκούρηνthe girlκόρη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἦγεν - 273
from me against my will, beyond all resistance; but somewhere Zeus
Metre
ἦγενἐμεῦἀέκοντος‖ἀμήχανοςἀλλάποθιΖεὺς
ἦγενled awayἄγω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐμεῦfrom meἐγώ · genitive singular masculine pronounsubjectἀέκοντοςunwillingἀέκων · genitive singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounἀμήχανοςirresistiblyἀμήχανος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἀλλάbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleποθιsomewhereποθι · adverbsentence particleΖεὺςZeusΖεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἤθελ̓ - 274
must have wished death to come upon many Achaeans.
Metre
ἤθελἈχαιοῖσιν‖θάνατονπολέεσσιγενέσθαι
ἤθελwishedἐθέλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈχαιοῖσινfor AchaeansἈχαιός · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to γενέσθαιθάνατονdeathθάνατος · accusative singular masculine nounsubject of γενέσθαιπολέεσσιmanyπολύς · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχαιοῖσινγενέσθαιto comeγίγνομαι · aorist middle infinitiveobject of ἤθελ̓ - 275
Now go to your meal, so that we may join battle."
Metre
νῦνἔρχεσθἐπὶδεῖπνον‖ἵναξυνάγωμενἌρηα
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to ἔρχεσθ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔρχεσθgoἔρχομαι · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbἐπὶtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionδεῖπνονmealδεῖπνον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐπὶἵναso thatἵνα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionξυνάγωμενwe may joinσυνάγω · present active subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to ἵναἌρηαbattleἌρης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ξυνάγωμεν - 276
So he spoke, and quickly dissolved the assembly.
ὣςthusὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐφώνησενἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἐφώνησενspokeφωνέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbλῦσενdissolvedλύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀγορὴνassemblyἀγορά · accusative singular feminine nounobject of λῦσεναἰψηρήνswiftlyαἰψηρός · accusative singular feminine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 277
They scattered, each man to his own ship,
Metre
οἳμὲνἄρἐσκίδναντο‖ἑὴνἐπὶνῆαἕκαστος
οἳtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐσκίδναντομὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἐσκίδναντοscatteredσκίδνημι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἑὴνownἑός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νῆαἐπὶtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionνῆαshipναῦς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπὶἕκαστοςeachἕκαστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 278
while the great-hearted Myrmidons took charge of the gifts
Metre
δῶραδὲΜυρμιδόνες‖μεγαλήτορεςἀμφεπένοντο
δῶραgiftsδῶρον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἀμφεπένοντοδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleΜυρμιδόνεςMyrmidonsΜυρμιδόνες · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἀμφεπένοντομεγαλήτορεςgreat-heartedμεγαλήτωρ · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Μυρμιδόνεςἀμφεπένοντοtook chargeἀμφιπένομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 279
and carried them to the ship of godlike Achilles.
Metre
βὰνἐπὶνῆαφέροντες‖Ἀχιλλῆοςθείοιο
βὰνthey wentβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἐπὶtoἐπί · prepositionprepositionνῆαshipναῦς · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐπὶφέροντεςcarryingφέρω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to βὰνἈχιλλῆοςAchilles’Ἀχιλλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies νῆαθείοιοgodlikeθεῖος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχιλλῆος - 280
They set the gifts in the shelters and seated the women,
Metre
καὶτὰμὲνἐνκλισίῃσι‖θέσανκάθισανδὲγυναῖκας
καὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleτὰthemὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of θέσανμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionκλισίῃσιsheltersκλισία · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐνθέσανplacedτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκάθισανseatedκαθίζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleγυναῖκαςwomenγυνή · accusative plural feminine nounobject of κάθισαν - 281
and noble attendants drove the horses into the herd.
Metre
ἵππουςεἰςἀγέλην‖ἔλασανθεράποντεςἀγαυοί
ἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἔλασανδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordεἰςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionἀγέληνherdἀγέλη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of εἰςἔλασανdroveἐλαύνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbθεράποντεςattendantsθεράπων · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἔλασανἀγαυοίnobleἀγαυός · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θεράποντες - 282
Then Briseis, like golden Aphrodite,
Metre
Βρισηῒςἄρἔπειτ‖ἰκέληχρυσέῃἈφροδίτῃ
ΒρισηῒςBriseisΒρισηίς · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of δ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleἔπειτnextἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to δ̓ἰκέληlikeἴκελος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Βρισηῒςχρυσέῃgoldenχρύσεος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἈφροδίτῃἈφροδίτῃAphroditeἈφροδίτη · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἰκέλη - 283
when she saw Patroclus torn by the sharp bronze,
Metre
ὡςἴδεΠάτροκλον‖δεδαϊγμένονὀξέϊχαλκῷ
ὡςwhenὡς · adverbadverbial to ἴδεἴδεshe sawεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δ̓ΠάτροκλονPatroclusΠάτροκλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἴδεδεδαϊγμένονmangledδαίζω · perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementὀξέϊsharpὀξύς · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χαλκῷχαλκῷbronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounobject of δεδαϊγμένον - 284
flung herself upon him and wailed shrilly, and with her hands tore
Metre
ἀμφαὐτῷχυμένη‖λίγἐκώκυεχερσὶἄμυσσε
ἀμφaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionαὐτῷhimαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἀμφ̓χυμένηflinging herselfχέω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἐκώκυεThe participle literally pictures Briseis pouring herself around the body: she flings herself upon Patroclus.
λίγshrillyλίγα · adverbadverbial to ἐκώκυεἐκώκυεwailedκωκύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbχερσὶwith her handsχείρ · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἄμυσσεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄμυσσεtoreἀμύσσω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 285
her breast, her tender neck, and her lovely face.
Metre
στήθεάἠδἁπαλὴν‖δειρὴνἰδὲκαλὰπρόσωπα
στήθεάbreastστῆθος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἰδὲτandτε · particlesentence particleἠδandἠδέ · conjunctionsentence particleἁπαλὴνtenderἁπαλός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies δειρὴνδειρὴνneckδειρή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἰδὲἰδὲandἰδέ · conjunctioncoordinating wordκαλὰlovelyκαλός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies πρόσωπαπρόσωπαfaceπρόσωπον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἰδὲ - 286
Weeping, the woman like the goddesses said:
Metre
εἶπεἄρακλαίουσα‖γυνὴἐϊκυῖαθεῇσι
εἶπεsaidεἶπον · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleκλαίουσαweepingκλαίω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to εἶπεγυνὴwomanγυνή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of εἶπεἐϊκυῖαlikeεἰκός · perfect active participle, nominative singular femininemodifies γυνὴθεῇσιgoddessesθεά · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἐϊκυῖα - 287
"Patroclus, dearest by far to my wretched heart,
Metre
Πάτροκλέμοιδειλῇ‖πλεῖστονκεχαρισμένεθυμῷ
ΠάτροκλέPatroclusΠάτροκλος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular feminine pronounobject of κεχαρισμένεδειλῇwretchedδειλός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μοιπλεῖστονby farπλεῖστος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to κεχαρισμένεκεχαρισμένεdearestχαρίζομαι · perfect medio-passive participle, vocative singular masculinemodifies Πάτροκλέθυμῷheartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounobject of κεχαρισμένε - 288
I left you alive when I went from this shelter,
Metre
ζωὸνμένσεἔλειπον‖ἐγὼκλισίηθενἰοῦσα
ζωὸνaliveζωός · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementμένindeedμέν · particlesentence particleσεyouσύ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔλειπονἔλειπονI leftλείπω · imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἐγὼIἐγώ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἔλειπονκλισίηθενfrom the shelterκλισίηθεν · adverbobject of ἰοῦσαἰοῦσαgoingεἶμι · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἔλειπον - 289
but now on my return I find you dead, marshal of the people.
Metre
νῦνδέσετεθνηῶτα‖κιχάνομαιὄρχαμελαῶν
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to κιχάνομαιδέbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordσεyouσύ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of κιχάνομαιτεθνηῶταdeadθνήσκω · perfect active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementκιχάνομαιI findκιχάνω · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbὄρχαμεmarshalὄρχαμος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headλαῶνof the peopleλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ὄρχαμε - 290
So evil after evil comes to meet me always.
Metre
ἂψἀνιοῦσὥςμοι‖δέχεταικακὸνἐκκακοῦαἰεί
ἂψbackἄψ · adverbadverbial to ἀνιοῦσ̓ἀνιοῦσreturningἄνειμι · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to κιχάνομαιὥςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to δέχεταιμοιto meἐγώ · dative singular feminine pronounadverbial to δέχεταιδέχεταιcomesδέχομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκακὸνevilκακός · nominative singular neuter adjectivesubject of δέχεταιἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionκακοῦevilκακός · genitive singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐκαἰείalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to δέχεται - 291
The man to whom my father and queenly mother gave me
Metre
ἄνδραμὲνᾧἔδοσάν‖μεπατὴρκαὶπότνιαμήτηρ
ἄνδραthe manἀνήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of τεμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleᾧto whomὅς · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἔδοσάνἔδοσάνgaveδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing ἄνδραμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of ἔδοσάνπατὴρfatherπατήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordπότνιαqueenlyπότνια · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μήτηρμήτηρmotherμήτηρ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶ - 292
I saw before our city, torn by the sharp bronze,
Metre
εἶδονπρὸπτόλιος‖δεδαϊγμένονὀξέϊχαλκῷ
εἶδονI sawεἶδον · aorist active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbπρὸbeforeπρό · prepositionprepositionπτόλιοςour cityπόλις · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to πρὸδεδαϊγμένονmangledδαίζω · perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementὀξέϊsharpὀξύς · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies χαλκῷχαλκῷbronzeχαλκός · dative singular masculine nounobject of δεδαϊγμένον - 293
and my three brothers, whom one mother bore with me,
Metre
τρεῖςτεκασιγνήτους‖τούςμοιμίαγείνατομήτηρ
τρεῖςthreeτρεῖς · numeralmodifies κασιγνήτουςτεandτε · particlecoordinating wordκασιγνήτουςbrothersκασίγνητος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of τετούςwhomὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of γείνατομοιwith meἐγώ · dative singular feminine pronounmodifies μήτηρμίαoneεἷς · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μήτηργείνατοboreγείνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing κασιγνήτουςμήτηρmotherμήτηρ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of γείνατο - 294
my own kin, all met their day of doom.
Metre
κηδείουςοἳπάντες‖ὀλέθριονἦμαρἐπέσπον
κηδείουςmy own kinκήδειος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies κασιγνήτουςThe adjective denotes close family or kin; here it refers to Briseis’s three brothers.
οἳwhoὅς · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐπέσπονπάντεςallπᾶς · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies οἳὀλέθριονfatalὀλέθριος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦμαρἦμαρdayἦμαρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐπέσπονἐπέσπονmetἐφέπω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing κασιγνήτους - 295
Yet you would not let me weep when swift Achilles
Metre
οὐδὲμὲνοὐδέἔασκες‖ὅτἄνδρἐμὸνὠκὺςἈχιλλεὺς
μὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleμmeἐγώ · accusative singular feminine pronounsubject of κλαίεινἔασκεςwould letἐάω · imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbὅτwhenὅτε · adverbsubordinating conjunctionἄνδρhusbandἀνήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔκτεινενἐμὸνmyἐμός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἄνδῤὠκὺςswiftὠκύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχιλλεὺςἈχιλλεὺςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἔκτεινεν - 296
killed my husband and sacked the city of godlike Mynes;
Metre
ἔκτεινενπέρσεν‖δὲπόλινθείοιοΜύνητος
ἔκτεινενkilledκτείνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δὲπέρσενsackedπέρθω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to δὲδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπόλινcityπόλις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of πέρσενθείοιοgodlikeθεῖος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΜύνητοςΜύνητοςMynesΜύνης · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πόλιν - 297
instead you said that you would make me
Metre
κλαίεινἀλλάἔφασκες‖Ἀχιλλῆοςθείοιο
κλαίεινto weepκλαίω · present active infinitiveobject of ἔασκεςἀλλάbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordμmeἐγώ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of θήσεινἔφασκεςyou saidφάσκω · imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἈχιλλῆοςAchilles’Ἀχιλλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἄλοχονθείοιοgodlikeθεῖος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀχιλλῆος - 298
the wedded wife of godlike Achilles and take me in the ships
Metre
κουριδίηνἄλοχον‖θήσεινἄξεινἐνὶνηυσὶν
κουριδίηνweddedκουρίδιος · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἄλοχονἄλοχονwifeἄλοχος · accusative singular feminine nouncomplement of θήσεινθήσεινwould makeτίθημι · future active infinitiveobject of δὲἄξεινwould takeἄγω · future active infinitiveobject of δὲτandτε · particlesentence particleἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionνηυσὶνshipsναῦς · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to ἐνὶ - 299
to Phthia, and hold a wedding feast among the Myrmidons.
Metre
ἐςΦθίηνδαίσειν‖δὲγάμονμετὰΜυρμιδόνεσσι
ἐςtoεἰς · prepositionprepositionΦθίηνPhthiaΦθία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἐςδαίσεινwould hold feastδαίνυμι · future active infinitiveobject of δὲδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordγάμονwedding feastγάμος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of δαίσεινμετὰamongμετά · prepositionprepositionΜυρμιδόνεσσιMyrmidonsΜυρμιδόνες · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to μετὰ - 300
Therefore I mourn you without ceasing, dead and always gentle."
Metre
τώἄμοτονκλαίω‖τεθνηόταμείλιχοναἰεί
τώthereforeτῷ · adverbsentence particleσyouσύ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of κλαίωἄμοτονunceasinglyἄμοτον · adverbadverbial to κλαίωκλαίωI mournκλαίω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbτεθνηόταdeadθνήσκω · perfect active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complementμείλιχονgentleμείλιχος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies σ̓αἰείalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to μείλιχον - 301
So she spoke, weeping, and the women groaned around her,
Metre
ὣςἔφατοκλαίουσ‖ἐπὶδὲστενάχοντογυναῖκες
ὣςthusὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατοἔφατοshe saidφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκλαίουσweepingκλαίω · present active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἔφατοἐπὶaround herἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleστενάχοντοgroanedστενάχω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbγυναῖκεςwomenγυνή · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of στενάχοντο - 302
using Patroclus as their pretext, but each for her own griefs.
Metre
Πάτροκλονπρόφασιν‖σφῶναὐτῶνκήδεἑκάστη
ΠάτροκλονPatroclusΠάτροκλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of στενάχοντοπρόφασινas pretextπρόφασις · accusative singular feminine nounadverbial to στενάχοντοPatroclus is the stated occasion for the communal lament, while each captive woman mourns her own losses.
σφῶνtheirσφεῖς · genitive plural feminine pronounmodifies κήδἐδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordαὐτῶνownαὐτός · genitive plural feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementκήδεgriefsκῆδος · accusative plural neuter nounobjectἑκάστηeachἕκαστος · nominative singular feminine adjectivesubject - 303
Around Achilles the elders of the Achaeans gathered,
αὐτὸνhimαὐτός · accusative singular masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἀμφὶδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionγέροντεςeldersγέρων · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἠγερέθοντοἈχαιῶνof the AchaeansἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies γέροντεςἠγερέθοντοgatheredἠγερέθομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 304
begging him to dine, but groaning, he refused:
Metre
λισσόμενοιδειπνῆσαι‖ὃἠρνεῖτοστεναχίζων
λισσόμενοιbeggingλίσσομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ἠγερέθοντοδειπνῆσαιto dineδειπνέω · aorist active infinitiveobject of λισσόμενοιὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἠρνεῖτοδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἠρνεῖτοrefusedἀρνέομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbστεναχίζωνgroaningστεναχίζω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἠρνεῖτο - 305
"I beg you, if any of my dear companions will heed me,
Metre
λίσσομαιεἴτιςἔμοιγε‖φίλωνἐπιπείθεθἑταίρων
λίσσομαιI begλίσσομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτιςanyoneτις · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἐπιπείθεθ̓ἔμοιγεmeἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐπιπείθεθ̓φίλωνdearφίλος · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἑταίρωνἐπιπείθεθwill heedἐπιπείθομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἴἑταίρωνcompanionsἑταῖρος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies τις - 306
do not urge me before then to satisfy my heart
Metre
μήμεπρὶνσίτοιο‖κελεύετεμηδὲποτῆτος
μήdo notμή · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμεmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἄσασθαιπρὶνbefore thenπρίν · adverbadverbial to ἄσασθαισίτοιοwith foodσῖτος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of δὲκελεύετεurgeκελεύω · present active imperative, 2nd plural verbobject of μήποτῆτοςwith drinkποτής · genitive singular feminine nounobject of δὲ - 307
with food or drink, since terrible grief has come upon me.
Metre
ἄσασθαιφίλονἦτορ‖ἐπείἄχοςαἰνὸνἱκάνει
ἄσασθαιto satisfyἄω · aorist middle infinitiveobject of κελεύετεφίλονdearφίλος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦτορἦτορheartἦτορ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἄσασθαιἐπείsinceἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἱκάνειἄχοςgriefἄχος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἱκάνειαἰνὸνterribleαἰνός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἄχοςἱκάνειhas reachedἱκάνω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἐπεί - 308
Until the sun goes down I will wait and endure."
Metre
δύνταἐςἠέλιον‖μενέωκαὶτλήσομαιἔμπης
δύνταhaving setδύω · aorist active participle, accusative singular masculinemodifies ἠέλιονδandδέ · particlesentence particleἐςuntilεἰς · prepositionprepositionἠέλιονsunἠέλιος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐςμενέωI will waitμένω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordτλήσομαιendureτλάω · future middle indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἔμπηςneverthelessἔμπας · adverbadverbial to τλήσομαι - 309
So speaking, he sent the other kings away,
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνἄλλους‖μὲνἀπεσκέδασενβασιλῆας
ὣςthusὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνhaving spokenεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀπεσκέδασενἄλλουςotherἄλλος · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies βασιλῆαςμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleἀπεσκέδασενsent awayἀποσκεδάννυμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβασιλῆαςkingsβασιλεύς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἀπεσκέδασεν - 310
but the two sons of Atreus remained, and godlike Odysseus,
Metre
δοιὼἈτρεΐδα‖μενέτηνκαὶδῖοςὈδυσσεὺς
δοιὼtwoδοιώ · nominative dual masculine adjectivemodifies Ἀτρεΐδαδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἈτρεΐδαsons of AtreusἈτρείδης · nominative dual masculine nounsubject of θ̓μενέτηνremainedμένω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleδῖοςgodlikeδῖος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὈδυσσεὺςὈδυσσεὺςOdysseusὈδυσσεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of θ̓ - 311
Nestor and Idomeneus and Phoenix, the old horseman,
Metre
ΝέστωρἸδομενεύς‖τεγέρωνἱππηλάταΦοῖνιξ
ΝέστωρNestorΝέστωρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of θ̓ἸδομενεύςIdomeneusἸδομενεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of θ̓τεandτε · particlesentence particleγέρωνoldγέρων · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Φοῖνιξθandτε · particlecoordinating wordἱππηλάταhorsemanἱππηλάτης · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ΦοῖνιξΦοῖνιξPhoenixΦοῖνιξ · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of θ̓ - 312
seeking earnestly to comfort the deeply grieving man; but in his heart
Metre
τέρποντεςπυκινῶς‖ἀκαχήμενονοὐδέτιθυμῷ
τέρποντεςtrying to comfortτέρπω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to μενέτηνπυκινῶςearnestlyπυκνός · adverbadverbial to ἀκαχήμενονἀκαχήμενονgrief-strickenἀχεύω · present passive participle, accusative singular masculineobject of τέρποντεςτιat allτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to τέρπετοθυμῷin his heartθυμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to τέρπετο - 313
he found no comfort—not until he should enter the mouth of bloodstained war.
Metre
τέρπετοπρὶνπολέμου‖στόμαδύμεναιαἱματόεντος
τέρπετοwas comfortedτέρπω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπρὶνuntilπρίν · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπολέμουof warπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies στόμαστόμαmouthστόμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of δύμεναιThe “mouth of war” pictures battle as a devouring opening into which Achilles longs to enter.
δύμεναιto enterδύω · aorist active infinitiveadverbial to πρὶναἱματόεντοςbloodstainedαἱματόεις · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies πολέμου - 314
Remembering, he heaved a deep sigh and said:
μνησάμενοςrememberingμιμνήσκω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to τεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἁδινῶςdeeplyἀδινός · adverbadverbial to ἀνενείκατοἀνενείκατοheaved a sighἀναφέρω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbφώνησένspokeφωνέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 315
"Ah, once you too, ill-fated one, dearest of my companions,
Metre
ἦῥάνύμοίποτεκαὶ‖σὺδυσάμμορεφίλταθἑταίρων
ἦahἦ · adverbsentence particleῥάthenἄρα · particleemphasizing particleνύindeedνῦν · adverbsentence particleμοίto meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἔθηκαςποτεonceποτέ · particleadverbial to ἔθηκαςκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleσὺyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἔθηκαςδυσάμμορεill-fatedδυσάμμορος · vocative singular masculine adjectivegoverned by an elided headφίλταθdearestφίλτατος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δυσάμμορεἑταίρωνof my companionsἑταῖρος · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies φίλταθ̓ - 316
would set a savory dinner ready for me yourself in the shelter,
Metre
αὐτὸςἐνὶκλισίῃ‖λαρὸνπαρὰδεῖπνονἔθηκας
αὐτὸςyourselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionκλισίῃshelterκλισία · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνὶλαρὸνsavoryλαρός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δεῖπνονπαρὰbeside meπαρά · prepositionemphasizing particleδεῖπνονdinnerδεῖπνον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔθηκαςἔθηκαςpreparedτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verb - 317
swiftly and eagerly, whenever the Achaeans hastened
Metre
αἶψακαὶὀτραλέως‖ὁπότεσπερχοίατἈχαιοὶ
αἶψαswiftlyαἶψα · adverbadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὀτραλέωςeagerlyὀτραλέος · adverbadverbial to καὶὁπότεwheneverὁπότε · adverbadverbial to σπερχοίατ̓σπερχοίατhastenedσπέρχω · present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἔθηκαςἈχαιοὶAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of σπερχοίατ̓ - 318
to bring war of many tears upon the horse-taming Trojans.
Metre
Τρωσὶνἐφἱπποδάμοισι‖φέρεινπολύδακρυνἌρηα
ΤρωσὶνTrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐφ̓ἐφagainstἐπί · prepositionprepositionἱπποδάμοισιhorse-tamingἱππόδαμος · dative plural masculine adjectivemodifies Τρωσὶνφέρεινto bringφέρω · present active infinitiveobject of σπερχοίατ̓πολύδακρυνtear-filledπολύδακρυς · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἌρηαἌρηαwarἌρης · accusative singular masculine nounobject of φέρειν - 319
But now you lie mangled, while my heart
Metre
νῦνδὲσὺμὲνκεῖσαι‖δεδαϊγμένοςαὐτὰρἐμὸνκῆρ
νῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to κεῖσαιδὲbutδέ · particlesentence particleσὺyouσύ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of κεῖσαιμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκεῖσαιlieκεῖμαι · present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbδεδαϊγμένοςmangledδαίζω · perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculinecircumstantial complementαὐτὰρbutἀτάρ · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐμὸνmyἐμός · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies κῆρκῆρheartκῆρ · nominative singular neuter nounsubject - 320
fasts from drink and food, though both are here within,
Metre
ἄκμηνονπόσιος‖καὶἐδητύοςἔνδονἐόντων
ἄκμηνονfastingἄκμηνος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounThe adjective means fasting or unfed; Achilles transfers that bodily state to his grieving heart.
πόσιοςfrom drinkπόσις · genitive singular feminine nounobject of καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐδητύοςfoodἐδητύς · genitive singular feminine nounobject of καὶἔνδονwithinἔνδον · adverbadverbial to ἐόντωνἐόντωνthough presentεἰμί · present active participle, genitive plural masculinemodifies καὶ - 321
in longing for you. Nothing worse than this could befall me,
Metre
σῇποθῇοὐμὲνγάρ‖τικακώτερονἄλλοπάθοιμι
σῇfor youσός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ποθῇποθῇlongingποθή · dative singular feminine nounadverbialοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleτιanythingτις · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of πάθοιμικακώτερονworseκακός · accusative singular neuter comparative adjectivemodifies τιἄλλοotherἄλλος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τιπάθοιμιcould sufferπάσχω · aorist active optative, 1st singular verbmain verb - 322
not even if I learned that my father had died,
Metre
οὐδεἴκεντοῦπατρὸς‖ἀποφθιμένοιοπυθοίμην
εἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionκενcouldἄν · particlesentence particleτοῦof myὁ · genitive singular masculine articlemodifies πατρὸςπατρὸςfatherπατήρ · genitive singular masculine nounobject of πυθοίμηνἀποφθιμένοιοhaving diedἀποφθίνω · aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculinecircumstantial complementπυθοίμηνI learnedπυνθάνομαι · aorist middle optative, 1st singular verbadverbial to εἴ - 323
who now in Phthia surely sheds tender tears
Metre
ὅςπουνῦνΦθίηφι‖τέρενκατὰδάκρυονεἴβει
ὅςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of εἴβειπουsurelyπού · adverbsentence particleνῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to εἴβειΦθίηφιin PhthiaΦθία · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to εἴβειτέρενtenderτέρην · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δάκρυονκατὰdownκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleδάκρυονtearδάκρυον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of εἴβειεἴβειshedsεἴβω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing πατρὸς - 324
for want of such a son, while I in a foreign land
Metre
χήτεϊτοιοῦδυἷος‖ὃἀλλοδαπῷἐνὶδήμῳ
χήτεϊfor wantχῆτος · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to εἴβειτοιοῦδof suchτοιόσδε · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies υἷοςυἷοςsonυἱός · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies χήτεϊὃIὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubordinating conjunctionδbutδέ · particlesentence particleἀλλοδαπῷforeignἀλλοδαπός · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δήμῳἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionδήμῳlandδῆμος · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνὶ - 325
fight the Trojans for the sake of hateful Helen;
Metre
εἵνεκαῥιγεδανῆς‖ἙλένηςΤρωσὶνπολεμίζω
εἵνεκαfor the sake ofἕνεκα · prepositionprepositionῥιγεδανῆςhatefulῥιγεδανός · genitive singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἙλένηςἙλένηςHelenἙλένη · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to εἵνεκαΤρωσὶνagainst TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of πολεμίζωπολεμίζωI fightπολεμίζω · present active indicative, 1st singular verbadverbial to ὃ - 326
or of my dear son, who is being reared for me on Scyros,
Metre
ἠὲτὸνὃςΣκύρῳ‖μοιἔνιτρέφεταιφίλοςυἱός
ἠὲorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordτὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobjectὃςwhoὅς · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectΣκύρῳScyrosΣκῦρος · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἔνιμοιfor meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to τρέφεταιἔνιonἐν · prepositionprepositionτρέφεταιis raisedτρέφω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing τὸνφίλοςdearφίλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies υἱόςυἱόςsonυἱός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 327
if godlike Neoptolemus is still alive.
Metre
εἴπουἔτιζώει‖γεΝεοπτόλεμοςθεοειδής
εἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionπουperhapsπού · adverbsentence particleἔτιstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to ζώειζώειlivesζώω · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to εἴγεindeedγε · particlesentence particleΝεοπτόλεμοςNeoptolemusΝεοπτόλεμος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ζώειθεοειδήςgodlikeθεοειδής · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies Νεοπτόλεμος - 328
Before now the heart within my breast had hoped
Metre
πρὶνμὲνγάρμοιθυμὸς‖ἐνὶστήθεσσινἐώλπει
πρὶνbeforeπρίν · adverbadverbial to ἐώλπειμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleγάρforγάρ · particlesentence particleμοιfor meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies στήθεσσινθυμὸςheartθυμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐώλπειἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσινbreastστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounmodifies ἐνὶἐώλπειhad hopedἔλπω · pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 329
that I alone would perish far from horse-pasturing Argos,
Metre
οἶονἐμὲφθίσεσθαι‖ἀπἌργεοςἱπποβότοιο
οἶονaloneοἶος · accusative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐμὲmeἐγώ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of φθίσεσθαιφθίσεσθαιto perishφθίω · future middle infinitiveobject of δέἀπfar fromἀπό · prepositionprepositionἌργεοςArgosἌργος · genitive singular neuter nounadverbial to ἀπ̓ἱπποβότοιοhorse-pasturingἱππόβοτος · genitive singular neuter adjectivemodifies Ἄργεος - 330
here in Troy, but that you would return to Phthia,
Metre
αὐτοῦἐνὶΤροίῃ‖σὲδέτεΦθίηνδὲνέεσθαι
αὐτοῦhereαὐτοῦ · adverbadverbial to φθίσεσθαιἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionΤροίῃTroyΤροία · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνὶσὲyouσύ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubject of νέεσθαιδέbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordτεthenτε · particlesentence particleΦθίηνPhthiaΦθία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of νέεσθαιδὲtoδέ · particleemphasizing particleνέεσθαιto returnνέομαι · present medio-passive infinitiveobject of δέ - 331
so that in a swift black ship you might bring my boy
Metre
ὡςἄνμοιτὸνπαῖδα‖θοῇἐνὶνηῒμελαίνῃ
ὡςso thatὡς · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἄνmightἄν · particlesentence particleμοιfor meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies παῖδατὸνtheὁ · accusative singular masculine articlemodifies παῖδαπαῖδαboyπαῖς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐξαγάγοιςθοῇswiftθοός · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νηῒἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionνηῒshipναῦς · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐνὶμελαίνῃblackμέλας · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies νηῒ - 332
from Scyros and show him everything:
Metre
Σκυρόθενἐξαγάγοις‖καίοἱδείξειαςἕκαστα
Σκυρόθενfrom ScyrosΣκῦρος · adverbadverbial to ἐξαγάγοιςἐξαγάγοιςyou might bringἐξάγω · aorist active optative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to καίκαίandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordοἱhimἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of δείξειαςδείξειαςmight showδείκνυμι · aorist active optative, 2nd singular verbadverbial to καίἕκασταeverythingἕκαστος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveobject - 333
my possessions, my servants, and my great high-roofed house.
Metre
κτῆσινἐμὴνδμῶάς‖τεκαὶὑψερεφὲςμέγαδῶμα
κτῆσινpossessionsκτῆσις · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶἐμὴνmyἐμός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies κτῆσινδμῶάςservantsδμώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶalsoκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordὑψερεφὲςhigh-roofedὑψερεφής · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δῶμαμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δῶμαδῶμαhouseδῶμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶ - 334
For by now I suppose that Peleus has either wholly
Metre
ἤδηγὰρΠηλῆά‖ὀΐομαιἢκατὰπάμπαν
ἤδηalreadyἤδη · adverbadverbial to τεθνάμενγὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleΠηλῆάPeleusΠηλεύς · accusative singular masculine nounsubject of ἤγindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleὀΐομαιI supposeοἴομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbἢeitherἤ · conjunctionsentence particleκατὰcompletelyκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleπάμπανaltogetherπάμπαν · adverbadverbial to τεθνάμεν - 335
died, or still lives a little while, weighed down
Metre
τεθνάμενἤπουτυτθὸν‖ἔτιζώοντἀκάχησθαι
τεθνάμενto have diedθνήσκω · perfect active infinitiveobject of ἤἤorἤ · conjunctioncoordinating wordπουperhapsπού · adverbsentence particleτυτθὸνa littleτυτθός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ζώοντ̓ἔτιstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to ζώοντ̓ζώοντlivingζάω · present active participle, accusative singular masculineadverbial to ἀκάχησθαιἀκάχησθαιweighed downἀχεύω · present passive infinitiveobject of ἤ - 336
by hateful age and forever awaiting from me
Metre
γήραΐτεστυγερῷ‖καὶἐμὴνποτιδέγμενοναἰεὶ
γήραΐby old ageγῆρας · dative singular neuter nounadverbial to καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleστυγερῷhatefulστυγερός · dative singular neuter adjectivemodifies γήραΐκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐμὴνmyἐμός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀγγελίηνποτιδέγμενονawaitingπροσδέχομαι · aorist medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculineadverbial to καὶαἰεὶalwaysἀεί · adverbadverbial to ποτιδέγμενον - 337
the woeful news, when he hears that I am dead."
Metre
λυγρὴνἀγγελίην‖ὅτἀποφθιμένοιοπύθηται
λυγρὴνwoefulλυγρός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀγγελίηνἀγγελίηνnewsἀγγελία · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ποτιδέγμενονὅτwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἀποφθιμένοιοthat I have diedἀποφθίνω · aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculineobject of πύθηταιπύθηταιhe learnsπυνθάνομαι · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ὅτ̓ - 338
So he spoke, weeping, and the elders groaned around him,
Metre
ὣςἔφατοκλαίων‖ἐπὶδὲστενάχοντογέροντες
ὣςthusὡς · adverbadverbial to ἔφατοἔφατοhe saidφημί · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκλαίωνweepingκλαίω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔφατοἐπὶaround himἐπί · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordστενάχοντοgroanedστενάχω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbγέροντεςeldersγέρων · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of στενάχοντο - 339
each remembering what he had left behind in his halls.
Metre
μνησάμενοιτὰἕκαστος‖ἐνὶμεγάροισινἔλειπον
μνησάμενοιrememberingμιμνήσκω · aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to στενάχοντοτὰwhatὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of ἔλειπονἕκαστοςeachἕκαστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionμεγάροισινhallsμέγαρον · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐνὶἔλειπονhad leftλείπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbobject of μνησάμενοι - 340
The son of Cronos saw them mourning and pitied them,
Metre
μυρομένουςἄρατούς‖γεἰδὼνἐλέησεΚρονίων
μυρομένουςmourningμύρω · present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complementδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleτούςthemὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of ἰδὼνγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleἰδὼνseeingεἶδον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἐλέησεἐλέησεpitiedἐλεέω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbΚρονίωνson of CronosΚρονίων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐλέησεThis patronymic names Zeus as the son of Cronos.
- 341
and at once addressed Athena with winged words:
Metre
αἶψαἈθηναίην‖ἔπεαπτερόενταπροσηύδα
αἶψαquicklyαἶψα · adverbadverbial to προσηύδαδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἈθηναίηνAthenaἈθήνη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of προσηύδαἔπεαwordsἔπος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of προσηύδαπτερόενταwingedπτερόεις · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἔπεαπροσηύδαaddressedπροσαυδάω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 342
"My child, you have utterly abandoned your own man.
Metre
τέκνονἐμόνδὴπάμπαν‖ἀποίχεαιἀνδρὸςἑῆος
τέκνονchildτέκνον · vocative singular neuter noungoverned by an elided headἐμόνmyἐμός · vocative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τέκνονδὴindeedδή · particlesentence particleπάμπανutterlyπάμπαν · adverbadverbial to ἀποίχεαιἀποίχεαιhave abandonedἀποίχομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἀνδρὸςmanἀνήρ · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἀποίχεαιἑῆοςyour ownἑός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἀνδρὸς - 343
Does Achilles no longer concern your heart at all?
Metre
ἦνύτοιοὐκέτιπάγχυ‖μετὰφρεσὶμέμβλετἈχιλλεύς
ἦtrulyἦ · adverbsentence particleνύnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to μέμβλετ̓τοιto youσύ · dative singular feminine pronounobject of μέμβλετ̓οὐκέτιno longerοὐκέτι · adverbadverbial to μέμβλετ̓πάγχυat allπάγχυ · adverbadverbial to μέμβλετ̓μετὰinμετά · prepositionprepositionφρεσὶheartφρήν · dative plural feminine nounadverbial to μετὰμέμβλετconcernsμέλω · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈχιλλεύςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of μέμβλετ̓ - 344
There he sits before the high-horned ships,
Metre
κεῖνοςὅγεπροπάροιθε‖νεῶνὀρθοκραιράων
κεῖνοςthat manκεῖνος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ὅὅheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of ἧσταιγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleπροπάροιθεbeforeπροπάροιθε · prepositionprepositionνεῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to προπάροιθεὀρθοκραιράωνhigh-hornedὀρθόκραιρος · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies νεῶν - 345
mourning his dear companion; the others now
ἧσταιsitsἧμαι · perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbὀδυρόμενοςmourningὀδύρομαι · present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἧσταιἕταρονcompanionἑταῖρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ὀδυρόμενοςφίλονdearφίλος · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἕταρονοἳtheὁ · nominative plural masculine articlemodifies ἄλλοιδὲbutδέ · particlesentence particleδὴnowδή · particlesentence particleἄλλοιothersἄλλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of οἴχονται - 346
have gone to their meal, but he is fasting and has tasted nothing.
Metre
οἴχονταιμετὰδεῖπνον‖ὃἄκμηνοςκαὶἄπαστος
οἴχονταιhave goneοἴχομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbμετὰtoμετά · prepositionprepositionδεῖπνονmealδεῖπνον · accusative singular neuter nounobject of μετὰὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubjectδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄκμηνοςfastingἄκμηνος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate nounκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἄπαστοςwithout foodἄπαστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivepredicate noun - 347
Go, then, and drip nectar and lovely ambrosia
Metre
ἀλλἴθιοἱνέκτάρ‖τεκαὶἀμβροσίηνἐρατεινὴν
ἀλλbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleἴθιgoεἶμι · present active imperative, 2nd singular verbsentence particleοἱfor himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies στήθεσσ̓νέκτάρnectarνέκταρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶalsoκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀμβροσίηνambrosiaἀμβροσίη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶἐρατεινὴνlovelyἐρατεινός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀμβροσίην - 348
into his breast, so that hunger may not come upon him."
Metre
στάξονἐνὶστήθεσσ‖ἵναμήμινλιμὸςἵκηται
στάξονdripστάζω · aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verbmain verbἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσbreastστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἐνὶἵναso thatἵνα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμήnotμή · adverbemphasizing particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἵκηταιλιμὸςhungerλιμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἵκηταιἵκηταιmay reachἱκνέομαι · aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἵνα - 349
So speaking, he spurred on Athena, who was eager already,
Metre
ὣςεἰπὼνὄτρυνε‖πάροςμεμαυῖανἈθήνην
ὣςthusὡς · adverbadverbial to εἰπὼνεἰπὼνhaving spokenεἶπον · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ὄτρυνεὄτρυνεurgedὀτρύνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπάροςalreadyπάρος · adverbadverbial to μεμαυῖανμεμαυῖανeagerμέμαα · perfect active participle, accusative singular femininemodifies ἈθήνηνἈθήνηνAthenaἈθήνη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ὄτρυνε - 350
and like a falcon, long-winged and clear-voiced,
Metre
ἣἅρπῃἐϊκυῖα‖τανυπτέρυγιλιγυφώνῳ
ἣsheὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἐκκατεπᾶλτοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἅρπῃfalconἅρπη · dative singular feminine nounobject of ἐϊκυῖαἐϊκυῖαlikeεἰκός · perfect active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἐκκατεπᾶλτοτανυπτέρυγιlong-wingedτανυπτέρυξ · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἅρπῃλιγυφώνῳclear-voicedλιγύφωνος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἅρπῃ - 351
she darted down from heaven through the upper air. Meanwhile the Achaeans
Metre
οὐρανοῦἐκκατεπᾶλτο‖διαἰθέροςαὐτὰρἈχαιοὶ
οὐρανοῦfrom heavenοὐρανός · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκκατεπᾶλτοἐκκατεπᾶλτοdarted downἐκκαταπάλλομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδιthroughδιά · prepositionprepositionαἰθέροςupper airαἰθήρ · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to δἰαὐτὰρmeanwhileἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἈχαιοὶAchaeansἈχαιός · nominative plural masculine adjectivesubject of θωρήσσοντο - 352
at once armed throughout the camp; and she, for Achilles,
Metre
αὐτίκαθωρήσσοντο‖κατὰστρατόνἣἈχιλῆϊ
αὐτίκαat onceαὐτίκα · adverbadverbial to θωρήσσοντοθωρήσσοντοarmed themselvesθωρήσσω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκατὰthroughoutκατά · prepositionprepositionστρατόνcampστρατός · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to κατὰἣsheὁ · nominative singular feminine pronounsubject of στάξ̓δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἈχιλῆϊfor AchillesἈχιλλεύς · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to στάξ̓ - 353
dripped nectar and lovely ambrosia within his breast,
Metre
νέκταρἐνὶστήθεσσι‖καὶἀμβροσίηνἐρατεινὴν
νέκταρnectarνέκταρ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of καὶἐνὶinἐν · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσιbreastστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἐνὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀμβροσίηνambrosiaἀμβροσίη · accusative singular feminine nounobject of καὶἐρατεινὴνlovelyἐρατεινός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἀμβροσίην - 354
so that joyless hunger might not reach his knees;
Metre
στάξἵναμήμινλιμὸς‖ἀτερπὴςγούναθἵκοιτο
στάξdrippedστάζω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἵναso thatἵνα · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionμήnotμή · adverbemphasizing particleμινhimμιν · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of ἵκοιτολιμὸςhungerλιμός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἵκοιτοἀτερπὴςjoylessἀτερπής · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies λιμὸςγούναθkneesγόνυ · accusative dual neuter nounobject of ἵκοιτοἵκοιτοmight reachἱκνέομαι · aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to ἵνα - 355
then she went to the close-built house of her mighty father,
Metre
αὐτὴδὲπρὸςπατρὸς‖ἐρισθενέοςπυκινὸνδῶ
αὐτὴshe herselfαὐτός · nominative singular feminine adjectivesubject of ᾤχετοδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleπρὸςtoπρός · prepositionprepositionπατρὸςfather’sπατήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies δῶἐρισθενέοςmightyἐρισθενής · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies πατρὸςπυκινὸνclose-builtπυκινός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies δῶδῶhouseδῶμα · accusative singular neuter nounobject of πρὸς - 356
while the men poured out away from the swift ships.
Metre
ᾤχετοτοὶἀπάνευθε‖νεῶνἐχέοντοθοάων
ᾤχετοwentοἴχομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτοὶtheyὁ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject of ἐχέοντοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπάνευθεaway fromἀπάνευθε · prepositionprepositionνεῶνshipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounadverbial to ἀπάνευθεἐχέοντοpoured outχέω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbθοάωνswiftθοός · genitive plural feminine adjectivemodifies νεῶν - 357
As when thick snowflakes fly from Zeus,
Metre
ὡςὅτεταρφειαὶ‖νιφάδεςΔιὸςἐκποτέονται
ὡςasὡς · adverbemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅτεwhenὅτε · adverbadverbial to ἐκποτέονταιταρφειαὶthick-fallingταρφειός · nominative plural feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementThe adjective emphasizes dense, frequent flakes, matching the mass of armor streaming from the ships.
νιφάδεςsnowflakesνιφάς · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἐκποτέονταιΔιὸςfrom ZeusΖεύς · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἐκποτέονταιἐκποτέονταιfly outἐκποτάομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbadverbial to ἐκφορέοντο - 358
cold beneath the blast of clear-sky-born Boreas,
Metre
ψυχραὶὑπὸῥιπῆς‖αἰθρηγενέοςΒορέαο
ψυχραὶcoldψυχρός · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies νιφάδεςὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionῥιπῆςblastῥιπή · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ὑπὸαἰθρηγενέοςclear-sky-bornαἰθρηγενής · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΒορέαοΒορέαοBoreasΒορέας · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ῥιπῆς - 359
so then thick and brightly gleaming helmets
Metre
ὣςτότεταρφειαὶ‖κόρυθεςλαμπρὸνγανόωσαι
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἐκφορέοντοτότεthenτότε · adverbadverbial to ἐκφορέοντοταρφειαὶthicklyταρφειός · nominative plural feminine adjectivecircumstantial complementκόρυθεςhelmetsκόρυς · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of καὶλαμπρὸνbrightlyλαμπρός · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to γανόωσαιγανόωσαιgleamingγανάω · present active participle, nominative plural femininemodifies κόρυθες - 360
streamed from the ships, and bossed shields,
Metre
νηῶνἐκφορέοντο‖καὶἀσπίδεςὀμφαλόεσσαι
νηῶνfrom shipsναῦς · genitive plural feminine nounobject of ἐκφορέοντοἐκφορέοντοstreamed outἐκφορέω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleἀσπίδεςshieldsἀσπίς · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of καὶὀμφαλόεσσαιbossedὀμφαλόεις · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἀσπίδες - 361
strong-plated corselets, and ash-wood spears.
Metre
θώρηκέςτεκραταιγύαλοι‖καὶμείλιναδοῦρα
θώρηκέςcorseletsθώραξ · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκραταιγύαλοιstrong-platedκραταιγύαλος · nominative plural masculine adjectivemodifies θώρηκέςκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμείλιναash-woodμέλινος · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies δοῦραδοῦραspearsδόρυ · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of καὶ - 362
The gleam reached heaven, and all the earth around laughed
Metre
αἴγληοὐρανὸνἷκε‖γέλασσεδὲπᾶσαπερὶχθὼν
αἴγληgleamαἴγλη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἷκεδandδέ · particlesentence particleοὐρανὸνheavenοὐρανός · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἷκεἷκεreachedἵκω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbγέλασσεlaughedγελάω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordπᾶσαallπᾶς · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χθὼνπερὶaroundπερί · adverbmodifies χθὼνχθὼνearthχθών · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of γέλασσε - 363
under the bronze's flash; beneath the men's feet a clamor rose,
Metre
χαλκοῦὑπὸστεροπῆς‖ὑπὸδὲκτύποςὄρνυτοποσσὶν
χαλκοῦof bronzeχαλκός · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies στεροπῆςὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionστεροπῆςflashστεροπή · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ὑπὸὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκτύποςclamorκτύπος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ὄρνυτοὄρνυτοaroseὄρνυμι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbποσσὶνfeetπούς · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ὑπὸ - 364
and in their midst godlike Achilles armed himself.
Metre
ἀνδρῶνἐνδὲμέσοισι‖κορύσσετοδῖοςἈχιλλεύς
ἀνδρῶνof menἀνήρ · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ποσσὶνἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμέσοισιtheir midstμέσος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐνκορύσσετοarmed himselfκορύσσω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδῖοςgodlikeδῖος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχιλλεύςἈχιλλεύςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κορύσσετο - 365
His teeth gnashed, and his two eyes
Metre
τοῦκαὶὀδόντωνμὲν‖καναχὴπέλετὼδέοἱὄσσε
τοῦhisὁ · genitive singular masculine pronounmodifies ὀδόντωνκαὶandκαί · conjunctionsentence particleὀδόντωνof teethὀδούς · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies καναχὴμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleκαναχὴgnashingκαναχή · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of πέλεπέλεwasπέλω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτὼtwoὁ · nominative dual neuter articlemodifies ὄσσεδέandδέ · particlesentence particleοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies ὄσσεὄσσεeyesὄσσε · nominative dual neuter nounsubject of λαμπέσθην - 366
blazed like a flare of fire, while into his heart
Metre
λαμπέσθηνὡςεἴ‖τεπυρὸςσέλαςἐνδέοἱἦτορ
λαμπέσθηνblazedλάμπω · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verbmain verbὡςasὡς · adverbemphasizing particleεἴifεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionτεtypicallyτε · particlesentence particleπυρὸςfireπῦρ · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies σέλαςσέλαςflareσέλας · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectἐνintoἐν · prepositionprepositionδέandδέ · particlecoordinating wordοἱhisἕ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies ἦτορἦτορheartἦτορ · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐν - 367
entered unbearable grief; raging against the Trojans,
δῦνenteredδύω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄχοςgriefἄχος · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of δῦν̓ἄτλητονunbearableἄτλητος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἄχοςὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine pronounsubject of δύσετοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleΤρωσὶνagainst TrojansΤρώς · dative plural masculine nounobject of μενεαίνωνμενεαίνωνragingμενεαίνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to δύσετο - 368
he put on the god's gifts, which Hephaestus had labored to make.
Metre
δύσετοδῶραθεοῦ‖τάοἱἭφαιστοςκάμετεύχων
δύσετοput onδύω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδῶραgiftsδῶρον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of δύσετοθεοῦof the godθεός · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies δῶρατάwhichὁ · accusative plural neuter pronounobject of κάμεοἱfor himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to κάμεἭφαιστοςHephaestusἭφαιστος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of κάμεκάμεlaboredκάμνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing δῶραThe verb conveys the labor Hephaestus spent on forging the armor, not merely fatigue.
τεύχωνmakingτεύχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to κάμε - 369
First he set greaves about his shins,
Metre
κνημῖδαςμὲνπρῶτα‖περὶκνήμῃσινἔθηκε
κνημῖδαςgreavesκνημίς · accusative plural feminine nounobject of ἔθηκεμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleπρῶταfirstπρῶτος · accusative plural neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἔθηκεπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionκνήμῃσινshinsκνήμη · dative plural feminine nounobject of περὶἔθηκεsetτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 370
fine ones, fitted with silver ankle-pieces;
Metre
καλὰςἀργυρέοισιν‖ἐπισφυρίοιςἀραρυίας
καλὰςfineκαλός · accusative plural feminine adjectivemodifies κνημῖδαςἀργυρέοισινsilverἀργύρεος · dative plural neuter adjectivemodifies ἐπισφυρίοιςἐπισφυρίοιςankle-piecesἐπισφύρια · dative plural neuter nounobject of ἀραρυίαςἀραρυίαςfittedἀραρίσκω · perfect active participle, accusative plural femininemodifies κνημῖδας - 371
and next he put on about his chest the corselet
Metre
δεύτεροναὖθώρηκα‖περὶστήθεσσινἔδυνεν
δεύτερονsecondδεύτερος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἔδυνεναὖnextαὖ · adverbadverbial to ἔδυνενθώρηκαcorseletθώραξ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἔδυνενπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionprepositionστήθεσσινchestστῆθος · dative plural neuter nounobject of περὶἔδυνενput onδύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 372
and about his shoulders he slung his silver-studded sword;
Metre
ἀμφὶἄρὤμοισιν‖βάλετοξίφοςἀργυρόηλον
ἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὤμοισινshouldersὦμος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἀμφὶβάλετοslungβάλλω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbξίφοςswordξίφος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of βάλετοἀργυρόηλονsilver-studdedἀργυρόηλος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ξίφος - 373
of bronze; then he took up the great and sturdy shield,
Metre
χάλκεοναὐτὰρἔπειτα‖σάκοςμέγατεστιβαρόντε
χάλκεονbronzeχάλκεος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ξίφοςαὐτὰρthenἀτάρ · particlesentence particleἔπειταnextἔπειτα · adverbadverbial to εἵλετοσάκοςshieldσάκος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of εἵλετομέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τετεandτε · particlesentence particleστιβαρόνsturdyστιβαρός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 374
and from it a gleam shone far off, like the moon.
Metre
εἵλετοτοῦἀπάνευθε‖σέλαςγένετἠΰτεμήνης
εἵλετοtook upαἱρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbτοῦfrom itὁ · genitive singular neuter pronounadverbial to ἀπάνευθεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἀπάνευθεfar awayἀπάνευθε · prepositionprepositionσέλαςgleamσέλας · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of γένετ̓γένετappearedγίγνομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἠΰτεlikeἠύτε · particleadverbialμήνηςmoonμήνη · genitive singular feminine nounsubject - 375
As when from the sea a light appears to sailors,
Metre
ὡςὅτἂνἐκπόντοιο‖σέλαςναύτῃσιφανήῃ
ὡςasὡς · adverbemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordὅτwhenὅτε · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionἂνmightἄν · particlesentence particleἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionπόντοιοseaπόντος · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐκσέλαςlightσέλας · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of φανήῃναύτῃσιto sailorsναύτης · dative plural masculine nounobject of φανήῃφανήῃappearsφαίνω · aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verbadverbial to τε - 376
from a burning fire that blazes high in the mountains
Metre
καιομένοιοπυρός‖τότεκαίεταιὑψόθὄρεσφι
καιομένοιοburningκαίω · present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neutermodifies πυρόςπυρόςfireπῦρ · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies σέλαςτόwhichὁ · nominative singular neuter pronounsubject of καίεταιτεtypicallyτε · particlecoordinating wordκαίεταιburnsκαίω · present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to τεὑψόθhighὑψόθι · adverbadverbial to καίεταιὄρεσφιin mountainsὄρος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to καίεται - 377
at a lonely steading, while storms carry them against their will
Metre
σταθμῷἐνοἰοπόλῳ‖τοὺςοὐκἐθέλονταςἄελλαι
σταθμῷsteadingσταθμός · dative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐνἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionοἰοπόλῳlonelyοἰοπόλος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies σταθμῷτοὺςthemὁ · accusative plural masculine pronounobject of φέρουσινδbutδέ · particlecoordinating wordοὐκnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleἐθέλονταςwillingἐθέλω · present active participle, accusative plural masculinecircumstantial complementἄελλαιstormsἄελλα · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of φέρουσιν - 378
over the fish-filled sea, far from their friends;
Metre
πόντονἐπἰχθυόεντα‖φίλωνἀπάνευθεφέρουσιν
πόντονseaπόντος · accusative singular masculine nounadverbial to ἐπ̓ἐπoverἐπί · prepositionprepositionἰχθυόενταfish-filledἰχθυόεις · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πόντονφίλωνfriendsφίλος · genitive plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἀπάνευθεἀπάνευθεfar fromἀπάνευθε · prepositionprepositionφέρουσινcarryφέρω · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 379
so the gleam from Achilles' shield reached the upper air,
Metre
ὣςἀπἈχιλλῆος‖σάκεοςσέλαςαἰθέρἵκανε
ὣςsoὡς · adverbadverbial to ἵκανεἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionἈχιλλῆοςAchilles’Ἀχιλλεύς · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies σάκεοςσάκεοςshieldσάκος · genitive singular neuter nounadverbial to ἀπ̓σέλαςgleamσέλας · nominative singular neuter nounsubject of ἵκανεαἰθέρupper airαἰθήρ · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἵκανεἵκανεreachedἱκάνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 380
the lovely, cunning work; and lifting the helmet
Metre
καλοῦδαιδαλέου‖περὶδὲτρυφάλειανἀείρας
καλοῦlovelyκαλός · genitive singular neuter adjectivemodifies σάκεοςδαιδαλέουcunning-workedδαιδάλεος · genitive singular neuter adjectivemodifies σάκεοςπερὶaroundπερί · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordτρυφάλειανhelmetτρυφάλεια · accusative singular feminine nounobject of θέτοἀείραςliftingἀείρω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to θέτο - 381
he set the massive thing upon his head; it shone like a star,
Metre
κρατὶθέτοβριαρήν‖ἣἀστὴρὣςἀπέλαμπεν
κρατὶhis headκράς · dative singular feminine nounobject of θέτοθέτοplacedτίθημι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbβριαρήνmassiveβριαρός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies τρυφάλειανἣitὁ · nominative singular feminine articlemodifies τρυφάλειαδandδέ · particlesentence particleἀστὴρstarἀστήρ · nominative singular masculine nounsubjectὣςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialἀπέλαμπενshone outἀπολάμπω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 382
the horsehair-plumed helmet, and around it streamed the hairs
Metre
ἵππουριςτρυφάλεια‖περισσείοντοἔθειραι
ἵππουριςhorsehair-plumedἵππουρις · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies τρυφάλειατρυφάλειαhelmetτρυφάλεια · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἀπέλαμπενπερισσείοντοstreamed aroundπερισείομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔθειραιhairsἔθειρα · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of περισσείοντο - 383
of gold that Hephaestus had set thick about the crest.
Metre
χρύσεαιἃςἭφαιστος‖ἵειλόφονἀμφὶθαμειάς
χρύσεαιgoldenχρύσεος · nominative plural feminine adjectivemodifies ἔθειραιἃςwhichὅς · accusative plural feminine pronounobject of ἵειἭφαιστοςHephaestusἭφαιστος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἵειἵειsetἵημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ἔθειραιλόφονcrestλόφος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἀμφὶἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · prepositionprepositionθαμειάςthicklyθαμέες · accusative plural feminine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 384
Then godlike Achilles tried himself in his armor,
Metre
πειρήθηἕοαὐτοῦ‖ἐνἔντεσιδῖοςἈχιλλεύς
πειρήθηtestedπειράω · aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἕοhimselfἕ · genitive singular masculine pronounobject of πειρήθηαὐτοῦhimselfαὐτός · genitive singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐνinἐν · prepositionprepositionἔντεσιarmorἔντεα · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ἐνδῖοςgodlikeδῖος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχιλλεύςἈχιλλεύςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πειρήθη - 385
to see whether it fitted him and his glorious limbs moved freely;
Metre
εἰοἷἐφαρμόσσειε‖καὶἐντρέχοιἀγλαὰγυῖα
εἰwhetherεἰ · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionοἷfor himἕ · dative singular masculine pronounobject of ἐφαρμόσσειεἐφαρμόσσειεfittedἐφαρμόζω · aorist active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐντρέχοιmoved freelyἐντρέχω · present active optative, 3rd singular verbadverbial to καὶἀγλαὰgloriousἀγλαός · nominative plural neuter adjectivemodifies γυῖαγυῖαlimbsγυῖον · nominative plural neuter nounsubject of ἐντρέχοι - 386
the armor became like wings for him and lifted the shepherd of the people.
Metre
τῷεὖτεπτερὰγίγνετ‖ἄειρεδὲποιμέναλαῶν
τῷfor himὁ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to γίγνετ̓δandδέ · particlesentence particleεὖτεlikeεὖτε · adverbadverbialπτερὰwingsπτερόν · nominative plural neuter nounsubjectThe armor feels like wings: its perfect fit makes Achilles seem buoyant rather than burdened.
γίγνετbecameγίγνομαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄειρεliftedἀείρω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordποιμέναshepherdποιμήν · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἄειρελαῶνof the peopleλαός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ποιμένα - 387
Then from its rack he drew his father's spear,
ἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleσύριγγοςrackσῦριγξ · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐκHere the word denotes the rack or case from which Achilles draws his father’s spear.
πατρώϊονhis father’sπατρώιος · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςἐσπάσατdrewσπάω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἔγχοςspearἔγχος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἐσπάσατ̓ - 388
heavy, great, and stout; no other Achaean could
Metre
βριθὺμέγαστιβαρόν‖τὸμὲνοὐδύνατἄλλοςἈχαιῶν
βριθὺheavyβριθύς · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςμέγαgreatμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςστιβαρόνsturdyστιβαρός · accusative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἔγχοςτὸitὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of πάλλεινμὲνindeedμέν · particlesentence particleοὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleδύνατwas ableδύναμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἄλλοςanotherἄλλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of δύνατ̓ἈχαιῶνAchaeanἈχαιός · genitive plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἄλλος - 389
brandish it, but Achilles alone knew how to wield
Metre
πάλλεινἀλλάμινοἶος‖ἐπίστατοπῆλαιἈχιλλεύς
πάλλεινto brandishπάλλω · present active infinitiveobject of δύνατ̓ἀλλάbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordμινitμιν · accusative singular neuter pronounobject of πῆλαιοἶοςaloneοἶος · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementἐπίστατοknew howἐπίσταμαι · imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπῆλαιto wieldπάλλω · aorist active infinitiveobject of ἐπίστατοἈχιλλεύςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἐπίστατο - 390
the Pelian ash spear that Chiron gave his dear father
Metre
Πηλιάδαμελίην‖τὴνπατρὶφίλῳπόρεΧείρων
ΠηλιάδαPelianΠηλιάς · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μελίην“Pelian” identifies the spear by Mount Pelion, where Chiron cut and gave it to Peleus.
μελίηνash spearμελία · accusative singular feminine nounobjectτὴνwhichὁ · accusative singular feminine pronounobject of πόρεπατρὶfatherπατήρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of πόρεφίλῳdearφίλος · dative singular masculine adjectivemodifies πατρὶπόρεgaveπόρω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing μελίηνΧείρωνChironΧείρων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of πόρε - 391
from Pelion's summit, to be death for heroes.
Metre
Πηλίουἐκκορυφῆς‖φόνονἔμμεναιἡρώεσσιν
ΠηλίουPelion'sΠήλιον · genitive singular neuter nounmodifies κορυφῆςἐκfromἐκ · prepositionprepositionκορυφῆςsummitκορυφή · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to ἐκφόνονdeathφόνος · accusative singular masculine nounpredicate nounἔμμεναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveadverbial to πόρεἡρώεσσινfor heroesἥρως · dative plural masculine nounadverbial to ἔμμεναι - 392
Automedon and Alcimus tended the horses
Metre
ἵππουςΑὐτομέδων‖τεκαὶἌλκιμοςἀμφιέποντες
ἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ζεύγνυονδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordΑὐτομέδωνAutomedonΑὐτομέδων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶalsoκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἌλκιμοςAlcimusἌλκιμος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶἀμφιέποντεςtendingἀμφιέπω · present active participle, nominative plural masculineadverbial to ζεύγνυον - 393
and yoked them; they put the fine neck-straps about them, set the bits
Metre
ζεύγνυονἀμφὶδὲκαλὰ‖λέπαδνἕσανἐνδὲχαλινοὺς
ζεύγνυονyokedζεύγνυμι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἀμφὶaroundἀμφί · adverbadverbial to ἕσανδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleκαλὰfineκαλός · accusative plural neuter adjectivemodifies λέπαδν̓λέπαδνneck-strapsλέπαδνον · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἕσανἕσανsetἵημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbἐνinἐν · prepositionemphasizing particleδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleχαλινοὺςbitsχαλινός · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἔβαλον - 394
between their jaws, and drew the reins backward
Metre
γαμφηλῇςἔβαλον‖κατὰἡνίατεῖνανὀπίσσω
γαμφηλῇςjawsγαμφηλαί · dative plural feminine nounobject of ἔβαλονἔβαλονplacedβάλλω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbκατὰbackκατά · prepositionemphasizing particleδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἡνίαreinsἡνία · accusative plural neuter nounobject of τεῖναντεῖνανdrew tautτείνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verbὀπίσσωbackwardὀπίσω · adverbadverbial to τεῖναν - 395
toward the well-jointed chariot. Then the shining whip,
κολλητὸνwell-jointedκολλητός · accusative singular masculine adjectivemodifies δίφρονποτὶtowardπρός · prepositionprepositionδίφρονchariotδίφρος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ποτὶὃheὁ · nominative singular masculine articlemodifies Αὐτομέδωνδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμάστιγαwhipμάστιξ · accusative singular feminine nounobject of λαβὼνφαεινὴνshiningφαεινός · accusative singular feminine adjectivemodifies μάστιγα - 396
well made, he took in hand and sprang up behind the horses—
Metre
χειρὶλαβὼνἀραρυῖαν‖ἐφἵπποιινἀνόρουσεν
χειρὶin handχείρ · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to λαβὼνλαβὼνtakingλαμβάνω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἀνόρουσενἀραρυῖανwell-madeἀραρίσκω · perfect active participle, accusative singular femininemodifies μάστιγαἐφuponἐπί · prepositionprepositionἵπποιινhorsesἵππος · dative dual masculine nounobject of ἐφ̓ἀνόρουσενsprang upἀνορούω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 397
Automedon; behind him mounted Achilles, armed for war,
Metre
Αὐτομέδωνὄπιθεν‖δὲκορυσσάμενοςβῆἈχιλλεὺς
ΑὐτομέδωνAutomedonΑὐτομέδων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of ἀνόρουσενὄπιθενbehindὄπισθεν · adverbadverbial to βῆδὲandδέ · particlesentence particleκορυσσάμενοςhaving armedκορύσσω · aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βῆβῆmountedβαίνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἈχιλλεὺςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of βῆ - 398
his armor flashing like Hyperion the Sun,
Metre
τεύχεσιπαμφαίνων‖ὥςἠλέκτωρὙπερίων
τεύχεσιin armorτεῦχος · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to παμφαίνωνπαμφαίνωνflashing all overπαμφαίνω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to βῆὥςlikeὡς · adverbadverbialτtypicallyτε · particleemphasizing particleἠλέκτωρshining sunἠλέκτωρ · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies ὙπερίωνὙπερίωνHyperionὙπερίων · nominative singular masculine nounsubject - 399
and terribly he called to his father's horses:
σμερδαλέονterriblyσμερδαλέος · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ἐκέκλετοδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἵπποισινto the horsesἵππος · dative plural masculine nounobject of ἐκέκλετοἐκέκλετοcalledκέλομαι · aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπατρὸςfather’sπατήρ · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἵπποισινἑοῖοhis ownἑός · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies πατρὸς - 400
"Xanthus and Balius, far-famed children of Podarge,
ΞάνθέXanthusΞάνθος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶalsoκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΒαλίεBaliusΒαλίος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headτηλεκλυτὰfar-famedτηλεκλυτός · vocative plural neuter adjectivemodifies τέκνατέκναchildrenτέκνον · vocative plural neuter nounmodifies καὶΠοδάργηςof PodargeΠοδάργη · genitive singular feminine nounmodifies τέκνα - 401
take better thought this time to save your driver
Metre
ἄλλωςδὴφράζεσθε‖σαωσέμενἡνιοχῆα
ἄλλωςbetter this timeἄλλως · adverbadverbial to φράζεσθεLiterally “otherwise”; after Patroclus’s loss it means “differently this time,” hence better care.
δὴindeedδή · particleemphasizing particleφράζεσθεtake thoughtφράζω · present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbσαωσέμενto saveσώζω · future active infinitiveobject of φράζεσθεἡνιοχῆαdriverἡνιοχεύς · accusative singular masculine nounobject of σαωσέμεν - 402
and bring him back to the Danaan throng when we have our fill of battle;
ἂψbackἄψ · adverbadverbial to σαωσέμενΔαναῶνof the DanaansΔαναοί · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ὅμιλονἐςintoεἰς · prepositionprepositionὅμιλονthrongὅμιλος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of ἐςἐπείwhenἐπεί · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionχmayἄν · particlesentence particleἕωμενwe have our fillἕωμεν · aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verbadverbial to ἐπείπολέμοιοof battleπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounobject of ἕωμεν - 403
do not leave him there dead, as you left Patroclus."
Metre
μηδὡςΠάτροκλον‖λίπεταὐτόθιτεθνηῶτα
ὡςasὡς · adverbadverbialΠάτροκλονPatroclusΠάτροκλος · accusative singular masculine nounobjectλίπετyou leftλείπω · aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verbmain verbαὐτόθιthereαὐτόθι · adverbadverbial to λίπετ̓τεθνηῶταdeadθνήσκω · perfect active participle, accusative singular masculinecircumstantial complement - 404
Then from beneath the yoke the swift-footed horse answered him,
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηδandδέ · particlesentence particleἄρthenἄρα · particlesentence particleὑπὸbeneathὑπό · prepositionprepositionζυγόφιthe yokeζυγόν · dative plural neuter nounadverbial to ὑπὸπροσέφηansweredπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπόδαςfeetπούς · accusative plural masculine nounadverbial to αἰόλοςαἰόλοςquick-dartingαἰόλος · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ΞάνθοςThe adjective suggests quick, darting movement and combines with “feet” to characterize Xanthus’s speed.
ἵπποςhorseἵππος · nominative singular masculine nounmodifies Ξάνθος - 405
Xanthus; at once he bowed his head, and all his mane
Metre
Ξάνθοςἄφαρἤμυσε‖καρήατιπᾶσαδὲχαίτη
ΞάνθοςXanthusΞάνθος · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφηἄφαρat onceἄφαρ · adverbadverbial to ἤμυσεδandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἤμυσεbowedἠμύω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbκαρήατιhis headκάρα · dative singular neuter nounobject of ἤμυσεπᾶσαallπᾶς · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies χαίτηδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordχαίτηmaneχαίτη · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἵκανεν - 406
streamed from the yoke-strap beside the yoke and reached the ground.
Metre
ζεύγληςἐξεριποῦσα‖παρὰζυγὸνοὖδαςἵκανεν
ζεύγληςfrom the yoke-strapζεύγλη · genitive singular feminine nounobject of ἐξεριποῦσαἐξεριποῦσαstreaming downἐξερείπω · aorist active participle, nominative singular feminineadverbial to ἵκανενπαρὰbesideπαρά · prepositionprepositionζυγὸνyokeζυγόν · accusative singular neuter nounadverbial to παρὰοὖδαςgroundοὖδας · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἵκανενἵκανενreachedἱκάνω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 407
The white-armed goddess Hera gave him speech:
Metre
αὐδήενταἔθηκε‖θεὰλευκώλενοςἭρη
αὐδήενταable to speakαὐδήεις · accusative singular masculine adjectivecomplement of ἔθηκεHera makes Xanthus voice-bearing—that is, capable of human speech.
δandδέ · particlecoordinating wordἔθηκεmadeτίθημι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθεὰgoddessθεά · nominative singular feminine nounmodifies Ἥρηλευκώλενοςwhite-armedλευκώλενος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies ἭρηἭρηHeraἭρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of ἔθηκε - 408
"Yes, mighty Achilles, we will still save you now,
Metre
καὶλίηνἔτινῦν‖γεσαώσομενὄβριμἈχιλλεῦ
καὶyesκαί · adverbemphasizing particleλίηνindeedλίαν · adverbsentence particleσyouσύ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of σαώσομενἔτιstillἔτι · adverbadverbial to σαώσομεννῦνnowνῦν · adverbadverbial to σαώσομενγεindeedγε · particleemphasizing particleσαώσομενwe will saveσώζω · future active indicative, 1st plural verbmain verbὄβριμmightyὄβριμος · vocative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχιλλεῦἈχιλλεῦAchillesἈχιλλεύς · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided head - 409
but your day of doom is near; and we are not
Metre
ἀλλάτοιἐγγύθενἦμαρ‖ὀλέθριονοὐδέτοιἡμεῖς
ἀλλάbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleτοιfor youσύ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἐγγύθενἐγγύθενnearἐγγύθεν · prepositionprepositionἦμαρdayἦμαρ · nominative singular neuter nounsubjectὀλέθριονfatalὀλέθριος · nominative singular neuter adjectivemodifies ἦμαρτοιbe assuredτοι · particlesentence particleἡμεῖςweἐγώ · nominative plural masculine pronounsubject - 410
to blame, but a great god and mighty Fate.
Metre
αἴτιοιἀλλὰθεός‖τεμέγαςκαὶΜοῖρακραταιή
αἴτιοιresponsibleαἴτιος · nominative plural masculine adjectivepredicate nounἀλλὰbutἀλλά · conjunctioncoordinating wordθεόςgodθεός · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleμέγαςgreatμέγας · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies θεόςκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordΜοῖραFateμοῖρα · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of καὶκραταιήmightyκραταιός · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Μοῖρα - 411
Nor was it through our slowness or our slackness
Metre
οὐδὲγὰρἡμετέρῃ‖βραδυτῆτίτενωχελίῃτε
γὰρforγάρ · particlesentence particleἡμετέρῃourἡμέτερος · dative singular feminine adjectivemodifies τεβραδυτῆτίslownessβραδυτής · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to τετεbothτε · particlesentence particleνωχελίῃslacknessνωχελία · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to τετεandτε · particlecoordinating word - 412
that the Trojans stripped the armor from Patroclus' shoulders;
Metre
Τρῶεςἀπὤμοιιν‖Πατρόκλουτεύχεἕλοντο
ΤρῶεςTrojansΤρώς · nominative plural masculine nounsubject of ἕλοντοἀπfromἀπό · prepositionprepositionὤμοιινshouldersὦμος · genitive dual masculine nounadverbial to ἀπ̓Πατρόκλουof PatroclusΠάτροκλος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ὤμοιιντεύχεarmorτεῦχος · accusative plural neuter nounobject of ἕλοντοἕλοντοstrippedαἱρέω · aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verbmain verb - 413
but the best of the gods, whom lovely-haired Leto bore,
Metre
ἀλλὰθεῶνὤριστος‖ὃνἠΰκομοςτέκεΛητώ
ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleθεῶνof godsθεός · genitive plural masculine nounmodifies ὤριστοςὤριστοςbestἄριστος · nominative singular masculine adjectivesubject of καὶὃνwhomὅς · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of τέκεἠΰκομοςlovely-hairedεὔκομος · nominative singular feminine adjectivemodifies Λητώτέκεboreτίκτω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbverb of a clause describing ὤριστοςΛητώLetoΛητώ · nominative singular feminine nounsubject of τέκε - 414
killed him among the front ranks and gave Hector glory.
Metre
ἔκτανἐνὶπρομάχοισι‖καὶἝκτορικῦδοςἔδωκε
ἔκτανkilledκτείνω · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbἐνὶamongἐν · prepositionprepositionπρομάχοισιfront fightersπρόμαχος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐνὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἝκτοριto HectorἝκτωρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of ἔδωκεκῦδοςgloryκῦδος · accusative singular neuter nounobject of ἔδωκεἔδωκεgaveδίδωμι · aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 415
We two could run abreast with the breath of Zephyrus,
Metre
νῶϊδὲκαίκενἅμα‖πνοιῇΖεφύροιοθέοιμεν
νῶϊwe twoἐγώ · nominative dual masculine pronounsubject of θέοιμενδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordκαίevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleκενcouldἄν · particlesentence particleἅμαtogether withἅμα · prepositionprepositionπνοιῇbreathπνοή · dative singular feminine nounadverbial to ἅμαΖεφύροιοof ZephyrusΖέφυρος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies πνοιῇθέοιμενmight runθέω · present active optative, 1st plural verbmain verb - 416
which they say is the swiftest; but for you yourself
Metre
ἥνπερἐλαφροτάτην‖φάσἔμμεναιἀλλὰσοὶαὐτῷ
ἥνwhichὅς · accusative singular feminine pronounsubject of ἔμμεναιπερindeedπέρ · particleemphasizing particleἐλαφροτάτηνswiftestἐλαφρός · accusative singular feminine superlative adjectivepredicate nounφάσthey sayφημί · present active indicative, 3rd plural verbverb of a clause describing πνοιῇἔμμεναιto beεἰμί · present active infinitiveobject of φάσ̓ἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleσοὶfor youσύ · dative singular masculine pronounadverbial to ἐστιαὐτῷyourselfαὐτός · dative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complement - 417
you are fated to be brought down by force, by a god and a man."
Metre
μόρσιμόνἐστιθεῷ‖τεκαὶἀνέριἶφιδαμῆναι
μόρσιμόνfatedμόρσιμος · nominative singular neuter adjectivepredicate nounἐστιisεἰμί · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbθεῷby a godθεός · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶτεandτε · particlesentence particleκαὶalsoκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἀνέριby a manἀνήρ · dative singular masculine nounobject of καὶἶφιby forceἶφι · adverbadverbial to δαμῆναιδαμῆναιto be slainδαμάζω · aorist passive infinitivesubject of ἐστιThe passive infinitive states the prophecy: Achilles is fated to be overcome through both divine and human force.
- 418
As he spoke, the Erinyes stopped his voice.
Metre
ὣςἄραφωνήσαντος‖Ἐρινύεςἔσχεθοναὐδήν
ὣςthusὡς · adverbadverbial to φωνήσαντοςἄραthenἄρα · particlesentence particleφωνήσαντοςhaving spokenφωνέω · aorist active participle, genitive singular masculineadverbial to ἔσχεθονἘρινύεςErinyesἘρινύς · nominative plural feminine nounsubject of ἔσχεθονἔσχεθονstoppedἔχω · pluralmain verbαὐδήνvoiceαὐδή · accusative singular feminine nounobject of ἔσχεθον - 419
Greatly troubled, swift-footed Achilles answered him:
Metre
τὸνδὲμέγὀχθήσας‖προσέφηπόδαςὠκὺςἈχιλλεύς
τὸνhimὁ · accusative singular masculine pronounobject of προσέφηδὲandδέ · particlecoordinating wordμέγgreatlyμέγας · accusative singular neuter adjectiveadverbial to ὀχθήσαςὀχθήσαςtroubledὀχθέω · aorist active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to προσέφηπροσέφηansweredπρόσφημι · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbπόδαςfeetπούς · accusative plural masculine nounadverbial to ὠκὺςὠκὺςswiftὠκύς · nominative singular masculine adjectivemodifies ἈχιλλεύςἈχιλλεύςAchillesἈχιλλεύς · nominative singular masculine nounsubject of προσέφη - 420
"Xanthus, why prophesy my death? You have no need.
Metre
Ξάνθετίμοιθάνατον‖μαντεύεαιοὐδέτίσεχρή
ΞάνθεXanthusΞάνθος · vocative singular masculine noungoverned by an elided headτίwhyτίς · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to μαντεύεαιμοιfor meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies θάνατονθάνατονdeathθάνατος · accusative singular masculine nounobject of μαντεύεαιμαντεύεαιdo you prophesyμαντεύομαι · present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verbmain verbτίanyτις · accusative singular neuter pronounadverbial to χρήσεyouσύ · accusative singular masculine pronounsubjectχρήneedχρή · present active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verb - 421
I know well myself that it is my fate to perish here,
Metre
εὖνυτὸοἶδακαὶαὐτὸς‖ὅμοιμόροςἐνθάδὀλέσθαι
εὖwellεὖ · adverbadverbial to οἶδανυindeedνῦν · adverbsentence particleτὸthisὁ · accusative singular neuter pronounobjectοἶδαI knowοἶδα · perfect active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbκαὶalsoκαί · adverbemphasizing particleαὐτὸςmyselfαὐτός · nominative singular masculine adjectivecircumstantial complementὅthatὅς · accusative singular neuter pronounsubordinating conjunctionμοιfor meἐγώ · dative singular masculine pronounmodifies μόροςμόροςfateμόρος · nominative singular masculine nounpredicate nounἐνθάδhereἐνθάδε · adverbadverbial to ὀλέσθαιὀλέσθαιto perishὄλλυμι · aorist middle infinitivesubject - 422
far from my dear father and mother; but even so
Metre
νόσφιφίλουπατρὸς‖καὶμητέροςἀλλὰκαὶἔμπης
νόσφιfar fromνόσφι · prepositionprepositionφίλουdearφίλος · genitive singular masculine adjectivemodifies πατρὸςπατρὸςfatherπατήρ · genitive singular masculine nounadverbial to καὶκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordμητέροςmotherμήτηρ · genitive singular feminine nounadverbial to καὶἀλλὰbutἀλλά · adverbsentence particleκαὶevenκαί · adverbemphasizing particleἔμπηςneverthelessἔμπας · adverbsentence particle - 423
I will not cease until I have driven the Trojans to their fill of war."
Metre
οὐλήξωπρὶνΤρῶας‖ἅδηνἐλάσαιπολέμοιο
οὐnotοὐ · adverbemphasizing particleλήξωI will ceaseλήγω · future active indicative, 1st singular verbmain verbπρὶνuntilπρίν · conjunctionsubordinating conjunctionΤρῶαςTrojansΤρώς · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἐλάσαιἅδηνto their fillἅδην · adverbobject of ἐλάσαιἐλάσαιdriveἐλαύνω · aorist active infinitiveadverbial to πρὶνπολέμοιοof warπόλεμος · genitive singular masculine nounmodifies ἅδην - 424
He spoke, and shouting among the front ranks drove the single-hoofed horses.
Metre
ἦῥακαὶἐνπρώτοις‖ἰάχωνἔχεμώνυχαςἵππους
ἦhe spokeἠμί · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbῥαthenἄρα · particlesentence particleκαὶandκαί · conjunctioncoordinating wordἐνamongἐν · prepositionprepositionπρώτοιςforemostπρότερος · dative plural masculine adjectiveadverbial to ἐνἰάχωνshoutingἰάχω · present active participle, nominative singular masculineadverbial to ἔχεἔχεdroveἔχω · imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verbmain verbμώνυχαςsingle-hoofedμῶνυξ · accusative plural masculine adjectivemodifies ἵππους“Single-hoofed” distinguishes horses’ solid hooves from the cloven hooves of other livestock.
ἵππουςhorsesἵππος · accusative plural masculine nounobject of ἔχε
The particulars
- The text
- Ἰλιάς, Homer. The Ransom of Hector.
- Translation
- Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
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