Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
Kråkorna
The Crows
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- 1
THE CLAY JAR.
LERKRUKANTHE CLAY JARLERKRUKAN · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrase - 2
In the southwestern corner of Småland lies a district called Sunnerbo.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking hörnetsydvästrasouthwesternsydvästra · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies hörnethörnetcornerhörn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of liggeravofav · prepositionpreposition marking SmålandSmålandSmålandSmåland · proper noun, nominativemodifies hörnetliggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of häradhäradhundred (district)härad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ligger'Härad' is a historical Swedish administrative district, not an adjective; mistagged by the parser.
somthatsom · pronounsubject of passive kallasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kallasis calledkalla · verb, present, indicative, passiverelative clause on häradSunnerboSunnerboSunnerbo · proper noun, nominativecomplement of kallas It is a rather flat and level land, and anyone who sees it in winter, when it is covered with snow, cannot help imagining that beneath the snow lie spread out plowed fallow fields, green rye fields, and mown clover meadows, as is usual in flat farmland.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of landärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to landettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landganskaquiteganska · adverbmodifies slättslättflatslätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies landochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjämntleveljämn · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with slättlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of föreställasomwhosom · pronounsubject of serThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
serseesse · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on dendetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of serpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking vinternvinternwintervinter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sernärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionmodifies täcktdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of täcktärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to täckttäcktcoveredtäcka · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on denmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking snösnösnowsnö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of täcktkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of föreställaintenotinte · particlemodifies föreställaföreställaimagineföreställa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with landsigoneselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of föreställaannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies föreställaänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of utbredaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of utbredainfinitive marker before a verb.
underbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking snönsnönsnowsnö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utbredautbredaspread oututbreda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on föreställasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of utbredaplöjdaplowedplöjda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trädesmarkerträdesmarkerfallow fieldsträdesmark · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of utbredagrönagreengrön · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rågåkrarrågåkrarrye fieldsrågåkr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with trädesmarkerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslagnamownslagen · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with trädesmarkerklövervallarclover meadowsklövervall · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with trädesmarkersåsomassåsom · adverbintroduces the clause of brukardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with brukarbrukartends tobruka · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on trädesmarkervarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukariini · prepositionpreposition marking slättbygderslättbygderplains districtsslättbygd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies brukarBut when the snow finally thaws away in Sunnerbo at the beginning of April, it turns out that what lies hidden beneath it is nothing but dry sand heaths, bare rock outcrops, and great, marshy bogs.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of töarsnönsnowsnö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive töaräntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies töartöarthawstöar · verb, passive, infinitiveadverbial clause on visarbortawaybort · adverbmodifies töariini · prepositionpreposition marking SunnerboSunnerboSunnerboSunnerbo · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of töariati · prepositionpreposition marking börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of töaravofav · prepositionpreposition marking aprilaprilAprilapril · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies börjanvisarshowsvisa · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of visarsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of visarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gömtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gömtsomwhatsom · pronounsubject of liggerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
liggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on detgömthiddengömt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of visarunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of gömtintenotinte · particlemodifies sandhedarärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to sandhedarannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sandhedaränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sandhedartorradrytorr · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sandhedarsandhedarsand heathssandhed · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to visarnaknabarenakn · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies klipphällarklipphällarrock outcropsklipphälel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sandhedarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with sandhedarsankamarshysanka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sandhedarAdjectival form 'marshy/swampy', despite the noun tag.
mossarbogsmoss · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sandhedarThere are fields here and there, to be sure, but they are so insignificant that one hardly notices them, and there are small gray or red farm cottages too, but they tend to be tucked away in some birch grove, almost as if they were afraid to show themselves.
ÅkrarfieldsÅkrar · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on finnsfinnsthere arefinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsnogto be surenog · adverbmodifies finnshärherehär · adverbmodifies finnsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärtheredär · adverbmodifies finnsmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of obetydligaäroarevaroa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcopula linking to obetydligaMistagged as a plural noun; surface 'äro' is the archaic plural present of vara (to be).
såsoså · adverbmodifies obetydligaobetydligainsignificantobetydlig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with finnsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of läggermanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of läggerknappthardlyknappt · adverbmodifies läggerläggernoticeslägga · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on finnsmärkenoticemärke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of läggerBoth attested examples are the idiom 'lägga märke till' = 'to notice', not the bare noun 'mark'; flag as context-dependent so the idiomatic sense isn't lost.
tilloftill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of läggerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bondstugorgråagraygrå · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bondstugorelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrödaredröd · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with gråabondstugorfarm cottagesbondstuga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of finnsfinnsthere arefinnas · verb, present, indicativecoordinated with finnsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies finnsmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of liggaliggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with finnsgärnatend togärna · adverbmodifies instucknaType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
instucknatucked awayinstuckna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of liggaiini · prepositionpreposition marking björkhultnågotsomenågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of björkhultbjörkhultbirch grovebjörkhult · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of instucknanästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies somsomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of räddaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of räddadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of räddavorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to räddaräddaafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on liggaförofför · prepositionintroduces the clause of visaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of visainfinitive marker before a verb.
visato showvisa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on räddasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of visa- 3
Where Sunnerbo district borders on Halland, there is a sand heath so vast that anyone standing at one edge cannot see across to the opposite side.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies häradSunnerboSunnerboSunnerbo · proper noun, genitivepossessor of häradhäradhundred (district)härad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stöter'Härad' is a historical Swedish administrative district, not an adjective; mistagged by the parser.
stöterborders onstöta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemotonmot · prepositionpreposition marking HallandsgränsenHallandsgränsenthe Halland borderHallandsgränsen · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of stöterfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativeparallel clause to stöterenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sandhedsandhedsand heathsandhed · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnssomthatsom · pronounsubject of vidsträcktThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vidsträcktsåsoså · adverbmodifies vidsträcktvidsträcktvastvidsträcka · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on finnslemma should be 'vidsträckt'; surface is the neuter/adverbial form of that adjective.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of sesomwhosom · pronounsubject of stårThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on denvidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking kantenenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies kantenkantenedgekant · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stårintenotinte · particlemodifies sekancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vidsträcktöveroveröver · adverbdepends on setilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sidanmotsattaoppositemotsatt · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sidansidansidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of se Over the whole heath nothing grows but heather, and it would not be easy, either, to get other plants to thrive there.
Påoverpå · prepositionpreposition marking hedenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies hedenhedenthe heathheden · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of växerväxergrowsväxa · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of växerannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies växeränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ljungljungheatherljung · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on växerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lättskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lättintenotinte · particlemodifies lättvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to lättlätteasilylätt · adverbcoordinated with växerhellereitherheller · adverbmodifies lättatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förmåinfinitive marker before a verb.
förmågetförmå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lättandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies växterväxterplantsväxt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of förmåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of trivasinfinitive marker before a verb.
trivasto thrivetrivas · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on förmådärtheredär · adverbmodifies trivasFirst of all one would have to root out the heather, for the truth about it is that although it has only a small stunted stem, small stunted branches, and dry, stunted leaves, it imagines that it is a tree.
Allraof allAllra · adverbmodifies fingeförstfirstförst · adverbpart of the phrase Allrafingemight get tofinge · verb, past, subjunctive, activeadverbial clause on inbillarArchaic past subjunctive of få ("to get/be allowed").
manoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fingedåthendå · adverbmodifies fingerotaroot outrota · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fingeutoutut · adverbdepends on rotaljungenthe heatherljungen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fingeförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of förhållermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of förhållerförhållerthe truth isförhålla · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on inbillaridiomatic reflexive 'det förhåller sig så' means 'the truth/fact is that'.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of förhållersigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of förhållersåthe caseså · adverbmodifies förhållerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of harfastänalthoughfastän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hardenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of harbarajustbara · adverbmodifies harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on inbillarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stamlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stamförkrymptstuntedförkrymp · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stamstamstemstam · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of harsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies grenarförkrymptastuntedförkrympta · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies grenargrenarbranchesgren · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with harochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtorradrytorr · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with grenarförkrymptastuntedförkrympta · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bladbladleafblad · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of harinbillarimaginesinbilla · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of inbillarsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of inbillarattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of träddenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of trädärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to trädettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of trädträdtreeträd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of inbillarSo it behaves just like the real trees, spreading out in forest-fashion over wide stretches, holding faithfully together, and causing every foreign plant that tries to force its way into its territory to die out.
Därförsodärför · adverbmodifies bärbärbehavesbä · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelemma is really bära ('to carry'); surface bär.
deniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of bärsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bäråtbehavesåt · adverbdepends on bärMostly the adverb åt with the senses listed, but example ch02-p31-s1 ('Hela tiden, som pojken åt...') is not this adverb at all — it is åt as the past tense of äta ('ate'). The gloss's senses list must cover this example or a downstream consumer will render 'ate' as a directional adverb.
påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bärsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of trädendetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of trädenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
riktigarealriktig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies trädenträdentreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralclause modifying sättbrederspreadsbreda · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to bärutoutut · adverbdepends on bredersigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of brederskogvisforest-fashionskogvis · adverbmodifies brederöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking sträckorvidawidevid · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sträckorsträckorstretchessträcka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of brederhållerkeepshålla · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with bärtrogetfaithfullytroget · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hållerihoptogetherihop · adverbdepends on hållerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkommerwillkomma · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of döallaallall · determiner, pluralsubject of kommerfrämmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativemodifies växterväxterplantsväxt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kommersomthatsom · pronounsubject of trängaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
viljato wantvilja · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of trängaträngato force one's waytränga · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on växterininin · adverbdepends on trängapåintopå · prepositionpreposition marking områdedessitsden · pronounpossessor of områdech03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
områdeterritoryområde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of trängaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of döinfinitive marker before a verb.
döto diedö · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with hållerutoutut · adverbdepends on dö- 4
The only spot on the heath where the heather does not reign supreme is a low, stony ridge that runs right across it.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställeendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies ställeställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking hedenhedenthe heathheden · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ställedärtheredär · adverbmodifies allrådandeintenotinte · particlemodifies allrådandeljungenthe heatherljungen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies allrådandeärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to allrådandeallrådandesupremeallrådande · adjective, nominativerelative clause on ställeärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lågenaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with allrådandestenigstonystenig · adjective, nominativecoordinated with lågåsridgeås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågsomthatsom · pronounsubject of strykerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
strykerrunsstryka · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on åsframforwardfram · adverbdepends on strykermittöverright acrossmittöver · noun, nominative, common gender, singularlinks the coordinationFunctions as an adverb/preposition meaning 'straight across from' or 'right over'.
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of stryker There one finds both juniper bushes, rowans, and a few large, beautiful birches.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies finnsfinnsone findsfinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenbuskarjuniper bushesenbusk · verb, present, indicative, activesubject of finnsrönnarrowansrönna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with enbuskarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of storastorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with enbuskarvackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies björkarbjörkarbirchesbjörka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with storaAt the time when Nils Holgersson traveled about with the wild geese, there was also a cottage there with a little patch of cleared ground around it, but the people who had once lived there had, for one reason or another, moved away from it.
Påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking tidendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flyttatnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionmodifies fannsNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of forHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsfortraveledfor · prepositionpart of the phrase närPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
omkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies vildgässenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of forattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
fannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativerelative clause on tidenexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
därtheredär · adverbmodifies fannsocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies fannsenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stugastugacottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fannsmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking jordenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bitlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bitbitpatchbit · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies röjdröjdclearedröjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies jordjordearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stugaomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies jordmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfolketpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with jordsomwhosom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of bottenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of botthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bottbottlivedbott · verb, active, supinerelative clause on folketdärtheredär · adverbmodifies botthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flyttatavforav · prepositionpreposition marking anledningenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of anledningelleroreller · conjunctionpart of the phrase enannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies anledninganledningreasonanledning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hadeflyttatmovedflytta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedärifrånfrom theredärifrån · adverbdepends on flyttatThe little cottage stood empty, and the field lay untilled.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stuganlillalittleliten · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetomemptytom · adverbmodifies stodPredicative adjective 'empty', despite the adverb tag.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationåkernfieldåker · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglowlåg · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stodobrukaduntilledobrukad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on låg- 5
When the people had moved away from the cottage, they had closed the damper, fastened the window hooks, and locked the door.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dragitmänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of dragithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dragitdragitmoved awaydraga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on skjutitArchaic supine of dra; sense shifts widely with the particle it governs (dragit i led, dragit ihop, dragit bort, dragit upp).
bortawaybort · adverbdepends on dragitfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dragithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skjutitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of skjutitskjutitclosedskjutit · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencech16-p5-s1 'skjutit till spjället' = 'closed the damper' — this is the separable-verb idiom 'skjuta till' (push shut), not 'to shoot'.
tillshuttill · prepositionpreposition marking spjälletspjälletthe damperspjäll · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of skjutitlagtlaidlägga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with skjutitpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking fönsterhakarnafönsterhakarnathe window hooksfönsterhaek · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lagtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlåstlockedlåsa · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dörrenMistagged as an adjective; 'låst' is the past participle of 'låsa' (to lock).
dörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lagt But they had not thought of the fact that one pane in the window was broken and merely stuffed up with a rag.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tänkthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänktintenotinte · particlemodifies tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking utslagenattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of utslagenenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rutarutapaneruta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of utslagen'Ruta vid ruta' uses the geometric sense (square) rather than window pane.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking fönstretfönstretwindowfönstr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies rutaArchaic/dialectal spelling of fönster.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to utslagenutslagenbrokenutslag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on tänktochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbarajustbara · adverbmodifies tillstoppadtillstoppadstopped uptillstoppad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with utslagenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking trasaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of trasatrasaragtrasa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of utslagenAfter a couple of summers' rain showers that rag had rotted and sunk together, and at last a crow succeeded in picking it away.
Efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking somrarsettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies somrarssomrarssummers'somrars · noun, genitive, common gender, pluraloblique complement of regnskurarregnskurarrain showersregnskura · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of hadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies murknattrasanragtrasa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of murknatmurknatrottedmurkna · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on denochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjunkitsunksjunka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with murknatihoptogetherihop · adverbdepends on sjunkitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies hadesistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase tillhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lyckatsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lyckatslyckatsmanagedlycka · verb, passive, supinecoordinated with hadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kråkakråkacrowkråka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of lyckatsatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of petainfinitive marker before a verb.
petapick awaypeta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lyckatsbortawaybort · adverbdepends on petadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of peta- 6
For the ridge on the heather heath was not so desolate as one might think, but was inhabited by a great crow-folk.
Åsenthe ridgeÅs · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ödsligpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ljunghedenljunghedenheathljunghede · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Åsenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ödslignämligenfornämligen · adverbmodifies ödsligExplanatory connective, not the literal 'namely' in most narrative uses.
intenotinte · particlemodifies ödsligsåsoså · adverbmodifies ödsligödsligdesolateödslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomassom · pronoundirect object of troThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
manoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trokundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ödsligutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionintroduces the clause of beboddfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of beboddvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to beboddbeboddinhabitedbebodd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ödsligavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking kråkfolkettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of kråkfolkstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies kråkfolkkråkfolkcrow-folkkråkfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bebodd Naturally, the crows did not live there the whole year round.
Helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies åretåretyearår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of boddeomroundom · prepositionpreposition marking boddeboddelivedboda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekråkornacrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of boddenaturligtvisnaturallynaturligtvis · adverbmodifies boddeintenotinte · particlemodifies boddedärtheredär · adverbmodifies boddeThey moved abroad in the winter; in the autumns they went from one field to another all over Götaland gathering grain; in the summers they spread out to the farms in Sunnerbo district and lived on eggs, berries, and fledglings; but every spring, when they were to build their nests and lay eggs, they came back to the heather heath.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of flyttadeflyttademovedflytta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetillabroadtill · prepositionpreposition marking utlandetutlandetabroadutland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of flyttadepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking vinternvinternwintervinter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flyttadepåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking forohöstarnathe autumnshöst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies foroforotraveledforo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with flyttadeArchaic plural past tense of fara ("to go/travel"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldepends on forofrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking åkerndenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of åkernenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies åkernåkernfieldåker · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies detilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking andradenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies deiini · prepositionpreposition marking Götalandhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies GötalandGötalandGötalandGötaland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of foroochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationplockadepickedplocka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flyttadesädgrainsäd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of plockadeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of spriddesomrarnathe summerssomr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of spriddeLemma is truncated; the word is 'sommar' (summer).
spriddespread outspridde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flyttadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of spriddesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of spriddetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gårdarnagårdarnathe farmsgårdarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of spriddeiini · prepositionpreposition marking SunnerboSunnerboSunnerboSunnerbo · proper noun, nominativemodifies gårdarnahäradhundred (district)härad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Sunnerbo'Härad' is a historical Swedish administrative district, not an adjective; mistagged by the parser.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlevdelivedleva · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with spriddeavonav · prepositionpreposition marking äggäggeggägg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularagent of levdebärberriesbä · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with spriddelemma is really bära ('to carry'); surface bär.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfågelungarfledglingsfågelung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of bärmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarjeeveryvarje · determiner, singulardeterminer of vårvårourvi · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommoMistagged as a pronoun under lemma vi; vår here is the possessive "our", not the pronoun "we".
närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of byggadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of byggaskullewas toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of byggabyggato buildbygga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommoboto livebo · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of bygga"To dwell/live"; not to be confused with bo, "nest".
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationläggato lay/putlägga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with boäggeggägg · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of bokommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on spriddekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldirect object of kommotillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies kommotilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ljunghedenljunghedenheathljunghede · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommo- 7
The one who picked the rag out of the window was a male crow named Garm Whitefeather, but he was never called anything but Fumle or Drumle or simply Fumle-Drumle, because he always behaved foolishly and clumsily and was good for nothing but being made fun of.
Deniten · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of plockadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
plockadepickedplocka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Dentrasanragtrasa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of plockadeurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking fönstretfönstretwindowfönstr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of plockadeArchaic/dialectal spelling of fönster.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kråkhanneenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kråkhannekråkhannemale crowkråkhanne · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to Densomwhosom · pronounsubject of hetteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hettewas namedhette · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on kråkhannemistagged as a noun; it is the past tense of 'heta' (to be named/called).
GarmGarmGarm · adverbdepends on DenProper name (a crow), mistagged as adverb by the parser.
VitfjäderWhitefeathervitfjäder · verb, present, indicative, activesubject of göramenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies kalladeskalladeswas calledkallaa · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with VitfjäderSurface kallades, passive past of kalla, 'to call/name'.
annatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies kalladesänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of FumleFumleFumleFumle · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Vitfjäderelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationDrumleDrumleDrumle · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Fumleelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrentpurelyren · adverbmodifies Fumle-Drumleavsimplyav · prepositionpreposition marking Fumle-DrumleFumle-DrumleFumle-DrumleFumle-Drumle · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with FumleProper name of a clumsy crow character.
därförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of barattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of baralltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies barbarcarriedba · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on VitfjäderPast tense of bära "to carry/wear".
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bardumtfoolishlydumd · adverbcomplement of barochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationoskickligtclumsilyoskicklig · adverbcoordinated with dumtåtin that wayåt · prepositiondepends on barochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies dugdedugdewas fit fordugde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Vitfjäderpast tense of duga ('to be good/fit for'); mistagged as noun.
tillfortill · prepositionintroduces the clause of göraannatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase tillänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase annatatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göramakegöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenarrfoolnarr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göra'göra narr av' = 'to make a fool of/mock'.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking göra Fumle-Drumle was bigger and stronger than any other of the crows, but that did not help him in the least; he was and remained a laughingstock.
Fumle-DrumleFumle-Drumlefumle-Drumle · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of störreproper name of a crow character; keep untranslated.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to störrestörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstarkarestrongerstark · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with störreänthanän · prepositionintroduces the clause of annannågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of annanannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on störreavofav · prepositionpreposition marking kråkornakråkornathe crowskråkorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies annanmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with hjälptehjälptehelpedhjälpa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with störrehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of hjälpteintenotinte · particlemodifies hjälptedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of minstaminstaleastminsta · adjective, nominative, superlativesubject of hjälpteutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förblevvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularmodifies förblevthe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförblevremainedförbleva · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with störreettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of åtlöjeåtlöjelaughingstockåtlöje · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of förblevNor did it profit him that he came of a very good lineage.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies hellerhellereitherheller · adverbmodifies båtadebåtadeprofitedbåta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with båtadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of båtadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ätthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ättvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ättavofav · prepositionpreposition marking ättenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ättmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies godgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ättättlineageätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on båtadeIf everything had gone as it should, he ought even to have been leader of the whole flock, because that dignity had, since time immemorial, belonged to the eldest of the Whitefeathers.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåttallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttgonegå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on anförarerättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gåtttillas it shouldtill · prepositiondepends on gåttbordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of anförareBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bordetilleventill · prepositiondepends on bordeochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase tillmedwithmed · prepositionpart of the phrase tillhahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivesubject of anförarevaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to anförareanförareleaderanförare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförofför · prepositionpreposition marking flockenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies flockenflockenflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of anföraredärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of tillhörtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därfördenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of värdighetenvärdighetendignityvärdighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tillhörthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tillhörtsedanthensedan · adverbpreposition marking tidurminnestime immemorialurminnes · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase sedantidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillhörttillhörtbelongedtillhöra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on anföraredenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of äldstaäldstaoldestgammal · adjective, nominative, superlativedirect object of tillhörtavofav · prepositionpreposition marking VitfjädrarnaVitfjädrarnathe WhitefeathersVitfjädrarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of tillhörtBut long before Fumle-Drumle was born, power had passed away from his family and was now held by a cruel and savage crow named Wind-Ile.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies föddinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of föddFumle-DrumleFumle-DrumleFumle-Drumle · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of föddProper name of a clumsy crow character.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to föddföddbornfödd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on gåtthadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttmaktenpowermakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåttgåttpassed awaygå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking släkthanshishan · pronounpossessor of släktsläktfamilysläkt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinnehadeswas heldinneha · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with gåttnunownu · adverbmodifies innehadesavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking kråkaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kråkagrymcruelgrym · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kråkaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildwildvild · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with grymkråkacrowkråka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of innehadessomwhosom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of hettehettewas namedhette · verb, past, indicative, activeclause modifying kråkaVind-IleWind-IleVind-Ile · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kråkaName of the crow leader.
- 8
That change of power came about because the crows on Kråkåsen had taken a fancy to change their way of life.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies beroddemaktombytetthe power shiftmaktombyt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of beroddeberoddewas due tobero · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Detpåbecause ofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of fåttattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåttkråkornathe crowskråkorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fåttpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking KråkåsenKråkåsenKråkåsenKråkåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kråkornaPlace name, "Crow Ridge", home of the crow flock.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåtttakenfå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on beroddelustdesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåttatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ändrainfinitive marker before a verb.
ändrachangeändra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fåttlevnadssättway of lifelevnadssätt · adverbdirect object of ändra It may well be that many think that everything called a crow lives in the same way, but that is quite wrong.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of händakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of händanogwellnog · adverbmodifies händahändato happenhända · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of trormångenmany a (one)mång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trorsurface mången, an archaic indefinite pronoun/adjective, not a noun.
trorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on händaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of leverallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularintroduces the clause of levervadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of leverkråkacrowkråka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying vadheteris calledheta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with vadleverlivesleva · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of trorpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking vissammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of visviswayvis · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of leverIn the phrase på det viset ("in that way"); distinct from the homograph adjective vis ("wise").
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of oriktigtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to oriktigtalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies oriktigtoriktigtwrongoriktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with leverThere are whole crow-folks who lead an honest life, that is to say, who eat only seeds, worms, grubs, and animals already dead, and there are others who lead a real robber's life, who fall upon young hares and small birds and plunder every bird's nest they catch sight of.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere arefinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencehelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kråkfolkkråkfolkcrow-folkskråkfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of finnssomwhosom · pronounsubject of föraThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
föraleadföra · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on kråkfolkettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of livhederligthonesthederlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies livlivlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of föradetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on sägavillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activepart of the phrase detsägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on kråkfolkattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ätadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ätabarajustbara · adverbmodifies ätaätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on finnsfrönseedsfrön · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of ätamaskarwormsmask · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with frönlarverlarvaelarver · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with frönochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies dödadödadeaddöd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies djurdjuranimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with frönochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere arefinnas · verb, present, indicativecoordinated with finnsandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralmodifies finnssomwhosom · pronounsubject of föraThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
föraleadföra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on finnsettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of rövarlivriktigtrealriktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies rövarlivrövarlivrobber's liferövarliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of förasomwhosom · pronounsubject of kastaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with förasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kastaöveruponöver · prepositionpreposition marking unghararunghararyoung haresunghara · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kastaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmåfåglarsmall birdssmåfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with unghararochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationplundraplunderplundra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with unghararvartendaevery singlevartend · determiner, pluralmodifies fågelbofågelbobird's nestfågelbo · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of plundrasomthatsom · pronounsubject of fåThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fåfåcatch sight offå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of förasynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking få- 9
The old Whitefeathers had been strict and moderate, and as long as they had led the flock, they had forced the crows to behave so that other birds had nothing bad to say about them.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of VitfjädrarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies VitfjädrarnaVitfjädrarnathe Whitefeathersvitfjädrarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of strängahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of strängavaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to strängasträngastrictstränga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmåttligamoderatemåttlig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with strängaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåasså · adverbmodifies längelängeas long aslänge · adverbpart of the phrase ochsomassom · subordinating conjunctiondirect object of anförtdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of anförthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of anförtanförtledanföra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tvungitflockenflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of anförthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tvungitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tvungittvungitforcedtvun · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on strängakråkornathe crowskråkorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of tvungitatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of uppförainfinitive marker before a verb.
uppförabehaveuppföra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tvungitsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of uppförasåsoså · adverbmodifies uppföraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadeandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fåglarfåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hadeintenotinte · particlemodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tvungitnågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ontontbadond · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sägainfinitive marker before a verb.
sägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying ontomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of säga But the crows were numerous, and poverty was great among them.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkråkornacrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of talrikavorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on kråkornaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
talrikanumeroustalrik · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfattigdomenpovertyfattigdom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of storvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with talrikaiblandamongibland · adverbmodifies stordemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralsubject of storThey could not in the long run endure leading so strict a life, but rebelled against the Whitefeathers and gave power to Wind-Ile, who was the worst nest-plunderer and robber imaginable, unless his wife, Wind-Kåra, was even worse.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stodostodostoodstodo · adverbhead of the phraseArchaic plural preterite of stå 'to stand', mistagged as adverb.
intenotinte · particlemodifies stodoiini · prepositionmodifies stodolängdenlengthlängd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iIn the idiom 'i längden' (in the long run).
utendureut · adverbpart of the phrase imedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of föraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förainfinitive marker before a verb.
föraleadföra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on stodoenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of strängsåsoså · adverbmodifies strängsträngstrictsträng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vandeltagged as a noun but every occurrence is the adjective 'sträng' (stern/strict/severe).
vandelway of lifevandel · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of förautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
gjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with föraupprorrebelleduppra · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of gjordemotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking VitfjädrarnaVitfjädrarnathe Whitefeathersvitfjäder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gjordeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgåvogavegåvo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with VitfjädrarnaArchaic plural past form of ge, despite the parser's present-tense label.
maktenpowermakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Vitfjädrarnaåttoåt · prepositionmodifies VitfjädrarnaVind-IleWind-IleVind-Ile · proper noun, nominativedepends on stodosomwhosom · pronounsubject of boplundrareThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to boplundraredenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of boplundrarevärstaworstond · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies boplundrareboplundrarenest-plundererboplundrare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kundeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrövarerobberrövare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with boplundraresomthatsom · pronounsubject of passive tänkasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
tänkasimaginabletänka · verb, present, indicative, passiverelative clause on boplundrarekundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodoomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hustruintenotinte · particlemodifies hustruhanshishan · pronounpossessor of hustruhustruwifehustru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of värreVind-KåraWind-KåraVind-Kåra · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with hustruCrow character's name.
varwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularcopula linking to värrethe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
änthanän · subordinating conjunctionmodifies värrevärreworseond · adjective, nominative, comparativeadverbial clause on kundeUnder their rule the crows had begun to lead such a life that they were now more feared than goshawks and eagle owls.
Underunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking styrelsederastheirde · pronounpossessor of styrelsepossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
styrelsegovernancestyrelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of börjathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjatkråkornacrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of börjatbörjatbegunbörja · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceföraleadföra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjatettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of levernesådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies levernelevernea lifeleverne · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of föraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fruktadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fruktadenunownu · adverbmodifies vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on fruktadearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
mermoremycket · adverbmodifies fruktadefruktadefearedfrukta · verb, past, participle, plural, nominativeclause modifying leverneänthanän · prepositionpreposition marking duvhökarduvhökargoshawksduvhöek · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fruktadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationberguvareagle owlsberguvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with duvhökar- 10
Fumle-Drumle, of course, had no say at all in the flock.
Fumle-DrumleFumle-Drumlefumle-Drumle · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of hadeproper name of a crow character; keep untranslated.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenaturligtvisnaturallynaturligtvis · adverbmodifies hadeingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sägainfinitive marker before a verb.
sägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking flockenflockenflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of säga Everyone agreed that he did not in the least take after his ancestors, and that he could not be fit to be a leader.
Allaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on ensearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
enseagreedense · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phraseomafterom · prepositionintroduces the clause of bråddesattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bråddeshanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive bråddesintenotinte · particlemodifies bråddesdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of minstaminstaleastliten · adjective, nominative, superlativesubject of passive bråddesbråddestook afterbråd · verb, past, indicative, passiveclause modifying ensepåafterpå · prepositionpreposition marking förfädernaförfädernathe ancestorsförfäderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of bråddesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dugahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dugaintenotinte · particlemodifies dugakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of dugadugato be fit forduga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with bråddestillto betill · prepositionpreposition marking anförareanförareleaderanförare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dugaNo one would have spoken of him at all, had he not constantly done fresh foolish things.
Ingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of talatskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of talattalattalkedtala · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceomofom · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talatifallififall · adverbmodifies gjortFunctions as the conjunction 'if/in case'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjortintenotinte · particlemodifies gjortständigtconstantlyständig · adverbmodifies gjorthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with talatnyanewny · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dumheterdumheterfoolish thingsdumhet · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of gjortSome who were really wise said now and then that it was perhaps lucky for Fumle-Drumle that he was such a helpless wretch, otherwise Wind-Ile and Kåra would surely not have let him, who was of the old chieftain lineage, stay on with the flock.
Någrasomenågon · determiner, pluralsubject of sadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of klokaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · verb, imperative, activecopula linking to klokaOld plural past tense of vara ('to be'), mistagged here as imperative.
riktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies klokaklokawisekloka · adjective, nominativerelative clause on Någrasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceiblandnow and thenibland · adverbmodifies sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lyckadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lyckakanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies lyckavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to lyckaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lyckalyckaluckylycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of sadeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking Fumle-DrumleFumle-DrumleFumle-DrumleFumle-Drumle · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies lyckaProper name of a clumsy crow character.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sådanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sådanvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sådanenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sådansådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying lyckasån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
tafatthelplesstafatt · adverbmodifies stackarestackarewretchstackare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sådanannarsotherwiseannars · adverbmodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to sadeVind-IleWind-Ilevind-Ile · noun, common genderdirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationKåraKåraKåra · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Vind-IleCrow's proper name.
nogsurelynog · adverbmodifies låtitintenotinte · particlemodifies låtitlåtitletlåta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on hadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of låtitsomwhosom · pronounsubject of stannaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularadverbial clause on stannathe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking hövdingaättendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hövdingaättengamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies hövdingaättenhövdingaättenthe chieftain lineagehövdingaätt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies varstannastaystanna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sadekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on stannavidwithvid · prepositionpreposition marking flockenflockenflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stanna- 11
As it was, they were, on the contrary, quite friendly to him and gladly took him along on their hunts.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phrasePast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vorodäremoton the other handdäremot · adverbmodifies vororättquiterätt · adverbmodifies vänligavänligafriendlyvänlig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of voromottomot · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vänligaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtogotooktogo · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with honomOld plural past tense of taga/ta ('to take').
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of togogärnagladlygärna · adverbmodifies togoType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of togopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking jaktersinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of jakterjakterhuntsjakt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of voro There everyone could notice how much more skillful and bold they were than he.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies märkakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of märkaallaallall · pronoun, pluralsubject of märkamärkato noticemärka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehurhowhur · adverbmodifies skickligaremycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies skickligareskickligaremore skillfulskicklig · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of märkaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdjärvarebolderdjärv · adverbcoordinated with skickligaredetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of vorosurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralparallel clause to märkaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
änthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of märka- 12
None of the crows knew that it was Fumle-Drumle who had picked the rag out of the window, and had they known it, they would have been unbelievably astonished.
Ingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of vissteavofav · prepositionpreposition marking kråkornakråkornacrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies Ingenvissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blivitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of Fumle-Drumledetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of Fumle-Drumlevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to Fumle-DrumleFumle-DrumleFumle-DrumleFumle-Drumle · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralclausal complement of vissteProper name of a clumsy crow character.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of plockatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of plockatplockatpickedplocka · verb, active, supinedepends on Fumle-Drumletrasanragtrasa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of plockaturout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking fönstretfönstretwindowfönstr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of plockatArchaic/dialectal spelling of fönster.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vetatvetatknownveta · verb, active, supinecoordinated with visstedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of vetatskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of blivithahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceotroligtincrediblyotrolig · adverbmodifies förvånadeförvånadeastonishedförvånad · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blivit Such boldness as approaching a human dwelling they had not credited him with.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of djärvhetsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies djärvhetsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
djärvhetboldnessdjärvhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tilltrottsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of närmaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of närmainfinitive marker before a verb.
närmaapproachnärma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tilltrottsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of närmaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människoboningmänniskoboninghuman dwellingmänniskoboning · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of närmahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tilltrottdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tilltrottintenotinte · particlemodifies tilltrotttilltrottcreditedtilltrott · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tilltrottHe himself kept the matter carefully secret and had his good reasons for doing so.
SjälvhimselfSjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies förtegförtegkept secretförteg · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förtegsakenthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of förtegmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies noganogacarefulnoga · adjective, nominativemodifies förtegochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with nogasinahissig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of skälgodagoodgod · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies skälskälreasonsskäl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hadedärtillbesidesdärtill · adverbmodifies hadeIle and Kåra always treated him well by day, and while the others were present, but on one very dark night, when his comrades were already sitting on the night-perch, he had been set upon by a couple of crows and nearly killed.
IleIleile · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of behandladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationKåraKåraKåra · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with IleCrow's proper name.
behandladetreatedbehandla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of behandladealltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies välvälwellväl · adverbmodifies behandladeombyom · prepositionpreposition marking dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of välochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåwhiledå · subordinating conjunctionmodifies behandladedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies närvarandevorowerevoro · noun, genitive, common gender, pluraldepends on andraMistagged as a noun; voro is the archaic plural past tense of vara ("to be").
närvarandepresentnärvarande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mörkmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies mörkmörkdarkmörk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies nattnattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on blivitnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of suttokamraternacompanionskamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive suttoredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies suttosuttosatsutto · noun, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on nattOld plural past tense of sitta ('to sit'), mistagged here as a noun.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking nattkvistennattkvistennight perchnattkvist · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of suttohadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceöverfallenattackedöverfall · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking kråkorettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies kråkorkråkorcrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies överfallenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies mördadmördadmurderedmördad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with blivitAfter that he moved, every evening once it had grown dark, from his usual sleeping place into the empty cottage.
Efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of flyttadeflyttademovedflytta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flyttadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of flyttadevarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kvällkvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flyttadesedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on kvällmörktdarkmörk · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blivitfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking sovplatssinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of sovplatsvanligausualvanlig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sovplatssovplatssleeping placesovplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blivitininin · adverbdepends on blivitiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking stugandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stugantommaemptytom · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of in- 13
It happened now one afternoon, when the crows already had their nests in order on Kråkåsen, that they made a remarkable find.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singularexpletive with händehändehappenedhän · adjective, nominativehead of the phrasesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of händenunownu · adverbmodifies händeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of eftermiddageftermiddagafternooneftermiddag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of händenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåttkråkornathe crowskråkorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fåttredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies fåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåtthadfå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on händesinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of bonbonnestsbo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of fåttiini · prepositionmodifies fåttordningorderordning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ipåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking KråkåsenKråkåsenKråkåsenKråkåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåttPlace name, "Crow Ridge", home of the crow flock.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjordedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fåttettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of fyndmärkvärdigtremarkablemärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fyndfyndfindfynd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjorde Wind-Ile, Fumle-Drumle, and a couple of others had flown down into a large pit that lay in one corner of the heath.
Vind-IleWind-IleVind-Ile · proper noun, nominativesubject of flugitFumle-DrumleFumle-DrumleFumle-Drumle · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with Vind-IleProper name of a clumsy crow character.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies andraandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with Vind-Ilehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flugitflugitflownfluga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on flugitiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking gropenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gropstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies gropgroppitgrop · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flugitsomthatsom · pronounsubject of befannThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
befannlaybefanna · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on gropReflexive 'befann sig' means 'was located/found himself'; lemma should be 'befinna'.
sigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of befanniini · prepositionpreposition marking hörnetenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies hörnethörnetcornerhörn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of befannavofav · prepositionpreposition marking hedenhedenthe heathheden · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hörnetThe pit was nothing but a gravel pit, but the crows could not content themselves with so simple an explanation, and kept flying down into it and turning over every grain of sand to find out why the people had dug it.
Gropenthe pitGropen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of grustagvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to grustagintenotinte · particlemodifies grustagnågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies grustagänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of grustagettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of grustaggrustaggravel pitgrustag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkråkornacrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of nöjakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of nöjaintenotinte · particlemodifies nöjanöjabe satisfiednöja · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with grustagReflexive 'nöja sig' = content oneself.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of nöjamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking förklaringenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of förklaringsåsoså · adverbmodifies enkelenkelsimpleenkel · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies förklaringförklaringexplanationförklaring · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nöjautanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
flögoflewflögoa · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with grustagArchaic plural past tense of flyga "to fly"; mislabeled as present tense.
ständigtconstantlyständig · adverbmodifies nernerdownner · adverbmodifies flögoiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of flögoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flögoPast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
påoverpå · prepositionpreposition marking sandkornvartendaevery singlevartend · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sandkornLemma should be 'vartenda'; determiner meaning 'every single one'.
sandkorngrain of sandsandkor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vändeförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of kommaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on flögounderfundfigured outunderfund · adverbdepends on kommaonly used in the fixed phrase 'komma underfund med' (to find out/figure out).
medwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of grävtvarförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies grävtmänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of grävthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of grävtgrävtduggräva · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on kommadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of grävtJust as the crows were walking about there, a mass of gravel came crashing down from one side.
Bästjust asBäst · adverbhead of the phraseIn the idiom bäst som ("just as/right when").
somjust assom · pronounsubject of gingoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
nunownu · adverbmodifies gingokråkornathe crowskråkorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gingogingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on BästPast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies störtadestörtadecame crashingstörta · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Bästenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of massamassaa mass ofmassa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies grusgrusgravelgrus · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of störtadenerdownner · adverbmodifies störtadefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking sidanenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies sidansidansidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerThey hurried over and had the good luck to find, among the fallen stones and tufts, a rather large clay jar closed with a wooden lid.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetillovertill · prepositiondepends on skyndadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skyndadedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lyckanlyckangood lucklycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of finnainfinitive marker before a verb.
blandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking stenarnedrasadefallennedrasad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies stenarstenarstonessten · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of finnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtuvortussockstuvor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with stenarfinnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying lyckanenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lerkrukatämligenfairlytämligen · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lerkrukalerkrukaclay jarlerkruka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of finnasomthatsom · pronounsubject of stängdThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to stängdstängdclosedstängd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on lerkrukamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking trälockettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of trälockträlockwooden lidträlock · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stängdThey naturally wanted to know if there was anything in it, and they tried both to peck a hole in the jar and to pry up the lid, but neither succeeded.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vetavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetanaturligtvisnaturallynaturligtvis · adverbmodifies vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fannsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeclausal complement of vetaexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
någotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of fannsiini · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of försökteförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fannsbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hackainfinitive marker before a verb.
hackapeckhacka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on försöktesome examples use 'hacka' as the noun for a hoe or pick, not the verb 'to peck'.
hålholehål · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hackapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking krukankrukanthe jarkrukan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hackaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bändainfinitive marker before a verb.
bändato prybända · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with hackauppupupp · adverbdepends on bändalocketlidlock · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of bändamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintetderaneitherintetdera · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with fannslyckadessucceededlycka · verb, past, indicative, activecomplement of intetderaImpersonal 'det lyckades honom' = 'he succeeded'; lemma should be 'lyckas'.
demthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of lyckades- 14
They stood quite at a loss, gazing at the jar, when they heard someone say: “Shall I come down and help you, crows?”
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of stodostodostoodstodo · adverbhead of the phraseArchaic plural preterite of stå 'to stand', mistagged as adverb.
heltquitehelt · adverbmodifies rådlösarådlösaat a lossrådlös · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies krukanochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbetraktadelooked atbetrakta · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with rådlösaActually the past tense of the verb betrakta "to look at", mislabeled as an adjective.
krukanthe jarkrukan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stodonärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stodonågonsomeonenågon · determiner, common gender, singulardirect object of hördesägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on hördeSkawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommaeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hjälpakråkorcrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with er They looked up quickly.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sågosågosawsågo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw).
hastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies sågouppupupp · adverbdepends on sågoOn the edge of the pit sat a fox, looking down at them.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking kantenkantenedgekant · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattavofav · prepositionpreposition marking gropengropenpitgrop · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kantensattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rävrävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblickadelooked/gazedblicka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattnerdownner · adverbmodifies blickadetillattill · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of blickadeHe was one of the handsomest foxes, both in color and form, that they had ever seen.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of envarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to enenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of rävarSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking vackrastedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vackrasteSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vackrastemost beautifulvackr · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies enrävarfoxesräva · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetagged as a verb form but every occurrence is the plural noun 'rävar' (foxes); glossed as the noun it actually is.
bådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillintill · prepositionpreposition marking färgfärgcolorfärg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rävarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskapnadshapeskapnad · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with färgMistagged as a numeral; it is a noun meaning 'form/shape'.
somthatsom · pronoundirect object of settThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of settnågonsinevernågonsin · adverbmodifies setthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinecoordinated with färgThe only fault with him was that he had lost one ear.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of feletendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies feletfeletfaultfel · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of varmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies feletvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phrasethe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of varmistlostmist · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeMislabeled as a noun; mist is the supine of mista ("to lose").
enaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies öratöratearöra · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hade- 15
“If you care to do us a service,” said Wind-Ile, “we won’t say no.”
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of harduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadelustdesirelust · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying lustossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralindirect object of göraenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tjänsttjänstservicetjänst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of görasadesaidsaa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms.
Vind-IleWind-IleVind-Ile · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sadeskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sägaintenotinte · particlemodifies sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to sadenejnonej · interjectiondirect object of säga At the same moment both he and the others flew up out of the pit.
Påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking gångsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of gånggångmomentgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flögoflögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
bådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flögoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with hanuppupupp · adverbmodifies andraurout ofur · prepositionpart of the phrase uppgropenpitgrop · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hanThe fox jumped down in their place, bit at the jar and pulled at the lid, but he could not open it either.
Räventhe foxRäven · adverbmodifies hoppadethis is the definite noun form ('the fox'), not an adverb.
hoppadejumpedhoppa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbmodifies hoppadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking ställederastheirde · pronounpossessor of ställepossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
ställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hoppadebetbitbet · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with hoppadePast tense of 'bita' (to bite), mislabeled as a noun.
iati · prepositionpreposition marking krukankrukanthe jarkrukan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of betochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdrogdrewdrog · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hoppadeiati · prepositionpreposition marking locketlocketlidlock · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of drogmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of öppnaintenotinte · particlemodifies öppnaöppnato openöppna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with hoppadedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of öppnahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hoppadehellereitherheller · adverbmodifies hoppade- 16
“Can you figure out what is in it?” said Wind-Ile.
Kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of funderaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of funderafunderathink/figure outfundera · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceutoutut · adverbdepends on funderavadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on finnssomwhatsom · pronounsubject of finnsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
finnsisfinnas · verb, present, indicativeclausal complement of funderaiini · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of finnssadesaidsa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceVind-IleWind-IleVind-Ile · proper noun, nominativesubject of sade The fox rolled the jar back and forth and listened attentively.
Räventhe foxRäven · adverbmodifies rulladethis is the definite noun form ('the fox'), not an adverb.
rulladerolledrulla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekrukanthe jarkrukan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rulladeframforwardfram · adverbmodifies rulladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbcoordinated with framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlyssnadelistenedlyssnad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with rulladePast tense of lyssna ("to listen"), not an adjective.
uppmärksamtattentivelyuppmärksamt · adverbmodifies rullade“It can’t be anything but silver money,” he said.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with annatkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of annatintenotinte · particlemodifies annatvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseänthanän · prepositionpreposition marking silverpengarsilverpengarsilver coinssilverpeng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of annatsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to annathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 17
This was more than the crows had expected.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of mervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to mermermoremycket · adverbhead of the phraseänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of väntatkråkornathe crowskråkorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of väntathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of väntatväntatexpectedväntaa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on merSupine of 'vänta': 'väntat' = 'expected' in most tokens but 'väntat på svar' = 'had been waiting for an answer' — genuinely polysemous (expect vs. wait).
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of väntat “Do you think it can be silver?” they said, and their eyes were nearly popping out of their heads with greed, for however strange it may sound, there is nothing in the world that crows love as much as silver money.
Trorthink/believeTror · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of silverdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of silverkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of silvervarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to silversilversilversilver · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of Trorsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on finnsdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of höllohöllowere nearlyhålloa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeSurface 'höllo' is past plural of 'hålla' (to hold/keep); lemma is a spelling artifact.
pånearlypå · prepositionintroduces the clause of trillaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of trillainfinitive marker before a verb.
trillapoptrilla · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on höllourout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking huvudethuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of trillaavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking lystnadlystnadgreedlystnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies trillaförforför · conjunctionpreposition marking märkvärdigtsåhoweverså · adverbmodifies märkvärdigtmärkvärdigtremarkablymärkvärdig · adverbcoordinated with trilladetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of märkvärdigtänhoweverän · adverbintroduces the clause of låtakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on märkvärdigtfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of finnsiini · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of finnssomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of älskakråkorcrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of älskaälskato loveälska · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on finnssåasså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycken · adverbmodifies älskasomassom · prepositionpreposition marking silverpengarFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
silverpengarsilver coinssilverpeng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcomplement of älska- 18
“Hear how they rattle!” said the fox, and rolled the jar around once more.
Hörhear/listenHör · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehurhowhur · adverbmodifies skramlardetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of skramlarskramlarrattleskramla · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of Hörsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Hörrävenfoxesräv · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrulladerolledrulla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadekrukanthe jarkrukan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of rulladeruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies rulladeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of rulladetillonce moretill · prepositiondepends on sade “I simply can’t understand how we’re to get at them.”
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förståkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förståbarajustbara · adverbmodifies förståintenotinte · particlemodifies förståförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehurhowhur · adverbmodifies kommaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of förstååtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of komma—“No, it will surely be impossible,” said the crows.
Nejnonej · interjectiondepends on blirdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies bliromöjligtimpossibleomöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blirsadesaidsaa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to blirlemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms.
kråkornacrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sadeThe fox stood rubbing his head against his left leg and pondering.
Räventhe foxRäven · adverbmodifies stodthis is the definite noun form ('the fox'), not an adverb.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgnedrubbedgned · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stodhuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stodmotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking benetvänstraleftvänster · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies benetbenetlegben · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stodben can mean either 'leg' or 'bone' depending on context.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfunderadeponderedfunderad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with stodpast tense of fundera ('to ponder'); mistagged as adjective.
Perhaps he might now succeed, with the crows’ help, in becoming master of that little fellow who always escaped him.
Kanskeperhapskanske · adverbhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lyckasdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lyckasnunownu · adverbmodifies lyckaskundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lyckaslyckassucceedlycka · verb, passive, infinitivedepends on Kanskehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lyckasatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of herreinfinitive marker before a verb.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hjälpkråkornasthe crows'kråkornas · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of hjälphjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of herreblito becomebli · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivepassive auxiliary of herreherremasterherre · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying honomCapitalized Herre in 'Vår Herre' means 'Our Lord'; lower-case herre elsewhere means 'gentleman/master'.
överoföver · prepositionpreposition marking dendenaen · determiner, common gender, singularoblique complement of herredärtheredär · adverbmodifies parvelnparvelnlittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to densomwhosom · pronounsubject of undgickThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
alltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies undgickundgickescapedundgå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on parvelnhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of undgick“I do know of someone who could open the jar for you,” said the fox.
Nogdonog · adverbmodifies vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of vetsomwhosom · pronounsubject of öppnaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of öppnakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of öppnaöppnato openöppna · verb, active, infinitiveparallel clause to vetkrukanthe jarkrukan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of öppnaåtforåt · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of öppnasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to veträvenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade—“Tell us, then!
Sägtellsäg · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies Sägdåthendå · adverbmodifies SägTell us!” cried the crows, and were so eager that they flapped down into the pit.
Sägtellsäg · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies Sägropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekråkornacrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ropadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvorowerevoro · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with kråkornamistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
såsoså · adverbmodifies ivrigaivrigaeagerivrig · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on ropadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flaxadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of flaxadeflaxadeflappedflaxa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ivriganerdownner · adverbmodifies flaxadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking gropengropenpitgrop · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flaxade—“That I will do, only if you first promise to agree to my terms,” said he.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of göraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of görajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göragöradogöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencebarajustbara · adverbmodifies lovarniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lovarsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
förstfirstförst · adverbmodifies lovarlovarpromiseslova · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to göraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lovarininin · adverbdepends on gåpåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking villkorminamyjag · pronoun, pluralpossessor of villkorThis entry is really the possessive "mina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
villkortermsvillkor · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gåsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lovarhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 19
The fox now told the crows about Thumbietot, and told them that if they could bring him to the heath, then he would surely open the jar for them.
Räventhe foxRäven · adverbmodifies berättadethis is the definite noun form ('the fox'), not an adverb.
berättadetoldberätta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies berättadeförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking kråkornakråkornacrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of berättadeomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking TummetottTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of berättadethe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Tummetottdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of sadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of föraomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of föradetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of förakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of föraförabringföra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on berättadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of föratilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hedenhedenthe heathheden · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förasåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on öppnaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of öppnahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of öppnanogsurelynog · adverbmodifies öppnaöppnaopenöppen · adjective, nominative, singularadverbial clause on berättadekrukanthe jarkrukan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of öppnaåtforåt · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of öppna But as payment for this advice he demanded that they hand Thumbietot over to him as soon as he had gotten them the silver money.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lönlönpaymentlön · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking råddettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of rådrådadviceråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies begärdebegärdedemandedbegärde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lönhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begärdeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of utlämnadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of utlämnaskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of utlämnautlämnato hand overutlämna · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lönTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativedirect object of utlämnathe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Tummetottsåasså · adverbmodifies snartsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies skaffatsomassom · adverbpart of the phrase snartAdverbial/conjunctive use of som ('as/just as'), distinct from its usual relative-pronoun sense.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skaffathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skaffatskaffatobtainedskaffaa · verb, active, supinecoordinated with utlämnaLemma spelled with a doubled final vowel; the modern lemma is 'skaffa' (to get/obtain).
demthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of skaffatsilverpengarnathe silver coinssilverpengarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skaffatThe crows had no reason to spare Thumbietot, so they agreed to the bargain at once.
Kråkornathe crowsKråkorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintetnothingintet · adverbindirect object of hadearchaic/literary form of inget/ingenting.
skälreasonskäl · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sparainfinitive marker before a verb.
sparato sparespara · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadeTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sparathe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
utanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of gingoSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gingowentgingo · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with hadePast plural of gå (to go); mistagged as an adjective.
genastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies sakenininin · adverbmodifies genastpåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking sakensakenthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gingo- 20
All this was easily agreed upon, but it was harder to find out where Thumbietot and the wild geese were.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of överenskommetalltallallt · adverbsubject of överenskommetvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to överenskommetlätteasilylätt · adverbmodifies överenskommetöverenskommetagreed uponöverenskommen · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvärreworseond · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with överenskommetvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to överenskommetdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with överenskommetatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåfind outfå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on överenskommetredafind outreda · adverbdepends on fåpart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påoutpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of befunnovarwherevar · adverbcopula linking to TummetottTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativesubject of befunnothe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Tummetottattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
befunnowere (located)befunno · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on fåArchaic plural past tense of befinna sig (they found themselves), not an adjective.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of befunno - 21
Wind-Ile himself set off with fifty crows and said that he would soon be back.
Vind-IleWind-IleVind-Ile · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseName of the crow leader, accusative use.
forwentfor · adverbmodifies åstadMistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fara', meaning 'went/traveled'.
självhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies foråstadoffåsta · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativeadverbial clause on Vind-IleSame adverb 'åstad'; mistagged as verb participle.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kråkorfemtiofiftyfemtio · numeral, nominativequantifies kråkorkråkorcrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of åstadochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with åstadattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varasnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies varaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varavarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of åstadtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies vara But one day passed after another without the crows on Kråkåsen catching a glimpse of him.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagenenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking andradenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andraandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of gickutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of sågoattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågokråkornathe crowskråkorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sågopåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking KråkåsenKråkåsenKråkåsenKråkåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kråkornaPlace name, "Crow Ridge", home of the crow flock.
sågosawsågo · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gickmistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw).
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skymtskymtglimpseskymt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågoavofav · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies skymt- 22
The wild geese were up at first dawn so as to manage to get a bit of food before they were to start on the journey up toward Östergötland.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässen · proper noun, nominativesubject of vorovorowerevoro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies gryningeniati · prepositionpreposition marking gryningenförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies gryningensurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
gryningendawngryning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of voroförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of hinnaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hinnainfinitive marker before a verb.
hinnato have time tohinna · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying gryningenskaffato getskaffa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hinnasigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of skaffaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of matsmulaa bitsmula · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies matmatfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skaffainnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of börjaskullewere toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjabörjato beginbörja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skaffaresanjourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of börjauppåtupwarduppåt · adverbmodifies börjaÖstergötlandÖstergötlandÖstergötland · proper noun, nominativedirect object of uppåt The islet in Gåsfjärden, where they had slept, was small and bare, but in the water around it there were plants they could eat their fill of.
Holmenthe isletHolmen · proper noun, nominativesubject of liteniini · prepositionpreposition marking GåsfjärdenGåsfjärdenGåsfjärdenGåsfjärden · proper noun, nominativemodifies HolmenBay name.
somwheresom · pronoundirect object of sovitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sovithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sovitsovitsleptsovit · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Holmenpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sovitvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkalbarekal · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with litenAdjective kal ('bare/barren'); tagged as noun.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with litenruntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies fannsomkringaroundomkring · adverbpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, pluralexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on litenexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsväxterplantsväxt · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fannssomthatsom · pronoundirect object of ätaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of ätakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ätaätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on växtersigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ätamättatheir fillmätta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of ätaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking mättaIt was worse for the boy.
Värreworsevärre · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phrasevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to Värredetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Värreförforför · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of VärreHe was not able to find anything edible.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies variablei · prepositionmodifies varståndablestånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase iatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of finnainfinitive marker before a verb.
finnafindfinna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on varnågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ätbartätbartedibleätbar · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of finnaActually the adjective 'ätbart' (edible, neuter), mistagged as a noun.
- 23
As he stood there hungry and chilly with the morning cold, looking about him in every direction, his eyes fell on a couple of squirrels playing on a wooded point opposite the rocky islet.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stodhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on föllohungrighungryhungrig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmorgonkulenmorning-chilledmorgonkul · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hungrigochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodpast tense of se, 'to see.'
sighimsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sågomaroundom · prepositiondepends on sågåtinåt · prepositionpreposition marking hållallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of hållhålldirectionshåll · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of sågföllofellföllo · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceArchaic plural past of falla.
hanshishan · pronounpossessor of blickarblickarglances/eyesblicka · verb, present, indicative, activedirect object of fölloEvery example shows 'blickar' as the plural noun (his/her glances/eyes), subject of 'föllo' — not the present-tense verb 'blickar' (glances/gazes). Morphology tag is mislabeled verb; the idiom is 'hans blickar föll på' = 'his eyes/glance fell on'.
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking parettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ekorrarekorrarsquirrelsekorra · verb, present, indicative, activesubject of föllosomthatsom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of lektelekteplayedleka · verb, past, indicative, activein apposition to ekorrarpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking uddeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of uddeträdbevuxenwoodedträdbevuxen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies uddeuddepointudde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lektea headland/point of land.
mittföroppositemittför · prepositionpreposition marking klippholmenklippholmenthe rocky isletklippholm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lekte He wondered whether the squirrels still had any of their winter store left, and he asked the white gander to carry him over to the point so that he might beg a couple of hazelnuts from them.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undradeundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomwhetherom · prepositionpreposition marking ekorrarnaekorrarnathe squirrelsekorrarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of undradeännustillännu · adverbmodifies ägdeägdeownedäg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with undradekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on ägdenågotanynågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of ägdeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking vinterförrådsitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of vinterförrådpossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
vinterförrådwinter storevinterförråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies någotochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of badbadaskedbe · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with undradedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlenvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of föramorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
föracarryföra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of badhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of föraöveroveröver · adverbmodifies föratilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking uddenuddenpoint (of land)udd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of översåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of tiggaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tiggakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tiggafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of tiggatiggabegtigga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on badettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hasselnötterhasselnötterhazelnutshasselnött · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of tiggaavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies hasselnötter- 24
The big white one at once swam across the sound with him, but as ill luck would have it, the squirrels were having such fun chasing each other from tree to tree that they paid no attention to the boy.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitestorebigstore · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies viteWeak-declension form of 'stor'.
vitethe white onevite · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of simmadeSubstantivized adjective 'vit' referring to the white gander.
simmadeswamsimma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies simmadeöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking sundetsundetthe soundsunde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of simmademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of simmademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of villeolyckanmisfortuneolycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villevillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of roligthadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of roligtekorrarnathe squirrelsekorrarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of roligtsåsuchså · adverbmodifies roligtroligtfunrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with simmademedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of jagaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of jagainfinitive marker before a verb.
jagato huntjaga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on roligtvarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of jagafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking trädträdtreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of jagatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking trädträdtreesträd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies trädattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bryddedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of bryddeintenotinte · particlemodifies bryddebryddecaredbrydde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on roligtOccurs mainly in the reflexive idiom 'brydde sig om' meaning 'cared about/bothered'.
sigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bryddeomattention toom · prepositionintroduces the clause of lyssnaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lyssnainfinitive marker before a verb.
lyssnato listenlyssna · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on bryddetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lyssna Instead, they drew farther in among the trees.
Iinsteadi · prepositionpreposition marking dungenställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Idrogodrew/set offdrogo · verb, past, indicative, activepart of the phrase IArchaic plural past of dra(ga) ('drew, moved along').
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of drogosigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativepart of the phrase Ilängrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies Iinåtintoinåt · prepositionpreposition marking dungendungenthe grovedung · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseHe hurried after them and soon was out of sight of the gander, who stayed behind on the shore.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyndadeskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceefterafterefter · prepositiondepends on skyndadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skyndadesnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies komurout ofur · prepositiondepends on komsiktesightsikte · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase urförofför · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of kommorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on gåskarlenkvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on lågvidonvid · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of låg- 25
The boy waded forward among some clumps of wood anemones that were so tall they reached clear up to his chin, when he felt someone seize him from behind and try to lift him up.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vadadevadadewadedvada · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceframforwardfram · adverbdepends on vadademellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking vitsippståndnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of vitsippståndvitsippståndwood-anemone clumpsvitsippstånd · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of framsomthatsom · pronounsubject of voroThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
vorowerevoro · pronoun, pluralrelative clause on vitsippståndmistagged as a pronoun; this is the archaic plural past tense of vara 'to be'.
såsoså · adverbmodifies högahögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with voroattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of räcktedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of räckteräcktereachedräcka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vorohonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of räckteändaclear upända · adverbmodifies uppuppupupp · adverbadverbial clause on räcktetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hakanhakanhis chinhaka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kändehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkäna · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vitsippståndattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fattadenågonsomeonenågon · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of fattadefattadeseizedfatta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vadadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of fattadebakifrånfrom behindbakifrån · adverbmodifies fattadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fattadelyftato liftlyfta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökteuppupupp · adverbdepends on lyftahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lyfta He turned around and saw that a crow had gripped hold of his shirt collar.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändeomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking skjortlinningochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vändepast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gripitenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kråkakråkacrowkråka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive gripithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gripitgripitgrippedgripit · verb, passive, supineadverbial clause on vändetagholdtag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on gripitiofi · prepositionpreposition marking skjortlinninghanshishan · pronounpossessor of skjortlinningskjortlinningshirt collarskjortlinning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gripitHe tried to tear himself loose, but before he had managed it, yet another crow rushed up, dug its claws into one of his stockings, and pulled him over.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of söktesöktetriedsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceryckapull/snatchrycka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of söktesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ryckalöslooselös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of ryckamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lyckatsdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lyckatshadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lyckatslyckatsmanagedlyckats · verb, active, supinecoordinated with söktehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lyckatsskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sökteännuanotherännu · adverbmodifies skyndadeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kråkakråkacrowkråka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skyndadeframforwardfram · adverbmodifies kråkahöggstruckhögg · prepositioncoordinated with sökteMistagged as preposition; it is the past tense of the verb 'hugga' (to strike/seize/dig in).
fastintofast · adverbmodifies höggiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking strumpahanshishan · pronounpossessor of strumpaenaone ofena · adjective, nominativemodifies strumpastrumpastockingstrumpa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fastochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrycktetuggedrycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fastomkulloveromkull · adverbdepends on ryckteUsed with verbs of falling/knocking, e.g. 'slog omkull' = 'knocked over'.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ryckte- 26
If Nils Holgersson had called for help at once, the white gander could certainly have freed him, but the boy supposed he ought to be able to manage on his own against a couple of crows.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ropatNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of ropatHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilsgenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies ropathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ropatropatcalledropa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on befriapåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking hjälphjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ropatskullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of befriadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlenvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of befriamorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
säkerligensurelysäkerligen · adverbmodifies befriahahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of befriakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of befriabefriato freebefria · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of befriamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ansågansågconsideredanse · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with befriavälsupposedväl · adverbmodifies ansågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kunnahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kunnabordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kunnaBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
kunnato be able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of ansågredamanagereda · verb, active, infinitivedepends on kunnaReflexive 'reda sig' = manage, get by.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of redaensamaloneensam · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kunnamotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking kråkorettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies kråkorkråkorcrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ensam He kicked and struck out, but the crows did not let go their hold, and they managed to lift him up into the air.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sparkadesparkadekickedsparka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslogstruck outslå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sparkadeLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkråkornacrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of släpptesläpptereleasedsläppte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sparkadeintenotinte · particlemodifies släpptetagetholdtagen · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on släppteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lyckadeslyckadessucceededlycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sparkadeImpersonal 'det lyckades honom' = 'he succeeded'; lemma should be 'lyckas'.
demthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of lyckadesatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of höjainfinitive marker before a verb.
höjato raisehöja · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lyckadessigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of höjauppupupp · adverbdepends on höjaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höjamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höjaIn doing so they flew so carelessly that his head struck against a branch.
Härvidat thishärvid · adverbmodifies foromeans 'in connection with this' or 'at this point'.
forowentforo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseMistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara ("went/traveled").
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of forosåsoså · adverbmodifies framovarsamtcarelesslyovarsamt · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase såframforwardfram · adverbadverbial clause on foroattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stöttehanshishan · pronounpossessor of huvudhuvudheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of stöttestöttestruckstötte · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on foromotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking grenenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of grengrenbranchgren · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stötteHe got a hard blow on the crown of his head, everything went black before his eyes, and he lost consciousness.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickgotfå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slaghårthardhård · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies slagslagblowslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of ficköveronöver · prepositionpreposition marking hjässanhjässancrown of the headhjässa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fickdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of svartnadesvartnadewent blacksvartna · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with fickförbeforeför · prepositionpreposition marking ögonhanshishan · pronounpossessor of ögonögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of svartnadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on ochmistelostmiste · prepositioncoordinated with ficksansenconsciousnesssans · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of miste- 27
When he opened his eyes again, he found himself high above the earth.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sloghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slogåteragainåter · adverbmodifies slogslogopenedslå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on befannLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
uppupupp · adverbdepends on slogögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of slogbefannfound himselfbefanna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceReflexive 'befann sig' means 'was located/found himself'; lemma should be 'befinna'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of befannsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of befannhögthighhög · adverbmodifies befannthis type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry.
överaboveöver · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of befann He slowly regained consciousness, and at first he knew neither where he was nor what he saw.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of återkomåterkomreturnedåterkomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelångsamtslowlylångsam · adverbmodifies återkomtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking medvetandemedvetandeconsciousnessmedvetande · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of återkomochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiat firsti · prepositionpreposition marking börjanbörjanbeginningbörjan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with återkomhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · determiner, common gender, singulardepends on varmistagged as a determiner; the surface 'var' here is the past tense of vara 'to be'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on vissteelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with varpast tense of se, 'to see.'
When he looked down, it seemed to him that beneath him there spread out an immensely large, woolly rug, woven of green and brown in great, irregular patterns.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blickadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blickadeblickadelooked/gazedblicka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktenerdownner · adverbdepends on blickadetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of breddeinfinitive marker before a verb.
underbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of breddebreddespreadbre · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tyckteutoutut · adverbdepends on breddesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of breddeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of storofantligtimmenselyofantlig · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of breddeulligwoollyullig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mattamattarugmatta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with storsomthatsom · pronounsubject of vävdThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vävdvävdwovenvävd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on mattaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking gröntgröntgreengrön · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies vävdochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbruntbrownbrun · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with gröntiini · prepositionpreposition marking fasonerstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fasoneroregelbundnairregularoregelbunden · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with storafasonerpatternsfason · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of vävdThe rug was very thick and splendid, but he thought it a pity that it was so badly worn.
Mattanthe rugmattan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tjockvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tjockmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies tjocktjockthicktjock · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpräktigsplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tjockmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tjockattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of synddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of syndvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to syndsynda pitysynd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of illadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of illavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to illasåsoså · adverbmodifies illaillabadlyilla · adjective, nominativedepends on syndmedfarenwornmedfar · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of syndIt was quite tattered; long tears ran through it, and in places great pieces were torn away.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of trasigvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to trasigriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies trasigtrasigtatteredtrasig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraselångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies revorrevortearsrevor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of löptelöpteranlöpa · verb, active, supinecomplement of trasigThe surface löpte is past tense, despite the supine label.
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies löptegenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställensinasomesig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ställenställenplacesställe · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies storaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of flikarflikarpiecesflika · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with trasigbortrycktatorn awaybortryckta · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of flikarAnd the strangest thing was that it seemed to lie spread out over a mirrored floor, for beneath the holes and tears in the rug there shimmered smooth, glittering glass.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdettheden · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of märkvärdigastemärkvärdigastemost remarkablemärkvärdig · adjective, nominative, superlativesubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of liggadenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of liggatycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativemodifies liggaliggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of varutbreddspread oututbredd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of liggaöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking spegelgolvettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of spegelgolvspegelgolvmirrored floorspegelgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of utbreddförforför · prepositionpreposition marking spegelgolvunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking hålenhålenholeshål · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of förochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrevornathe tearsrevorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with hålenTears/rents in fabric, from 'riva' (to tear), not related to 'crow' or 'raven'.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking glasmattanrugmatta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iframskimradeshimmered forthframskimra · adjective, nominativemodifies blanktblanktsmooth and shinyblankt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase iochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationglänsandegleamingglänsande · adjective, nominativemodifies glasglasglassglas · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies hålen- 28
The next thing the boy noticed was that the sun came rolling up in the sky.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on ladepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies därnästdärnästnextdärnäst · adverbsubject of ladeladenoticedla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence"lade han märke till" is the fixed idiom lägga märke till ("to notice"), not literal "laid".
märkenoticemärke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on ladeBoth attested examples are the idiom 'lägga märke till' = 'to notice', not the bare noun 'mark'; flag as context-dependent so the idiomatic sense isn't lost.
tilloftill · prepositionpreposition marking himlenvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularmodifies ladethe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komsolensunsol · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ladeupprullanderolling upupprulla · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kompåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking himlenhimlenskyhiml · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kom At once the mirrored glass beneath the holes and tears in the rug began to glitter in red and gold.
Straxat oncestrax · adverbmodifies börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencespegelglasetthe mirrored glassspegelglas · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of börjadeunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking hålenhålenholeshål · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of börjadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrevornathe tearsrevorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with hålenTears/rents in fabric, from 'riva' (to tear), not related to 'crow' or 'raven'.
iini · prepositionintroduces the clause of blänkamattanrugmatta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of blänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
blänkato gleamblänka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on börjadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking röttröttredröt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blänkaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationguldgoldguld · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with röttIt looked very splendid, and the boy was glad at the beautiful shifting colors, although he did not quite understand what it was he saw.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemycketverymycket · adverbmodifies präktigtpräktigtsplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of sågutlookut · adverbdepends on sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gladvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sågåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking färgskiftningarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of färgskiftningarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
vackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies färgskiftningarnafärgskiftningarnathe shifting colorsfärgskiftning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gladfastänalthoughfastän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förstodhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodintenotinte · particlemodifies förstodrättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies förstodförstodunderstoodförstå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gladvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of förstoddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vadsomwhatsom · pronoundirect object of sågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on varpast tense of se, 'to see.'
But now the crows descended, and all at once he noticed that the great rug beneath him was the earth, which here was clothed in green evergreen forest and brown, bare deciduous woods, and that the holes and tears were glittering bays and small lakes.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies sänktesänkteloweredsänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of sänktekråkornacrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking märkteensat onceens · adverblinks the coordinationUsed in the fixed idiom med ens 'all at once/suddenly.'
märktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sänktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of jordendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mattanstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies mattanweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
mattanrugmatta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase attunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of jordenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on märktesomwhichsom · pronounsubject of kläddThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
härherehär · adverbmodifies kläddvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to kläddklädddressedklädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on jordenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking barrskoggröngreengrön · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies barrskogbarrskogconifer forestbarrskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kläddochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrunbrownbrun · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with barrskognakenbarenaken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lövskoglövskogdeciduous forestlövskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kläddochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase ochhålenholeshål · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralpart of the phrase attochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrevornathe tearsrevorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with hålenTears/rents in fabric, from 'riva' (to tear), not related to 'crow' or 'raven'.
vorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on hålenarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
blänkandeglitteringblänka · adjective, nominativemodifies fjärdarPresent participle 'blänkande' (glittering), mistagged as base adjective.
fjärdarbaysfjärd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with sänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmåsjöarsmall lakessmåsjöar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fjärdar- 29
He remembered that the first time he had traveled up in the air, he had thought that the land of Skåne looked like a checkered piece of cloth.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on komonly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of faritförstafirsten · adjective, nominativemodifies gångensurfaces are forms of första 'first', not the numeral en.
gångentimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of farithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of farithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on komframforwardfram · adverbmodifies farituppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies framiini · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tyckthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckttycktthoughttycka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with faritattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of jordenskånskaScanianskånsk · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tycktpast tense of se, 'to see.'
utlookut · adverbdepends on sågsomlikesom · prepositionintroduces the clause of tygstyckeFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tygstyckerutigtcheckeredrutig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tygstycketygstyckecloth piecetygstycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of såg But this, which resembled a torn-up rug — what kind of land could it be?
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetthisden · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vadhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detsomwhichsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of liknadeliknaderesembledlikna · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on detenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mattasönderriventorn-upsönderriven · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies mattamattarugmatta · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of liknadevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of landkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of landdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of landvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to landförkind offör · prepositionpreposition marking landettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrase- 30
He began asking himself a great many questions.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegöraaskgöra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of göraenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of massamassaa mass ofmassa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies frågorfrågorquestionsfråga · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of göra Why was he not sitting on the white gander’s back?
Varförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattintenotinte · particlemodifies sattpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlensdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlensvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gåskarlensgåskarlensgander'sgåskarl · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of ryggryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattWhy was a great swarm of crows flying around him?
Varförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies flögflögflewflög · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceActually the past tense of flyga ('to fly'), mistagged here as present.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of svärmstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies svärmsvärmswarmsvärm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kråkorkråkorcrowskråkor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of flögomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flögAnd why was he being jerked and flung this way and that, so that he was nearly coming apart?
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies rycktesryckteswas jerkedrycktes · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslängdeswas flungsläng · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with ryckteshanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive slängdeshitherehit · adverbmodifies slängdesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdittheredit · adverbcoordinated with rycktessåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of höllattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllnearlyhålla · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on rycktespånearlypå · prepositiondepends on höllatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on höllavapartav · prepositiondepends on gå- 31
Then it all became clear to him at once.
Såthenså · adverbmodifies blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealltsammansall of italltsammans · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevklartclearklar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of blevförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blevpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blev He had been carried off by a couple of crows.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencebortrövadcarried offbortrövad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking kråkorettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies kråkorkråkorcrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies bortrövadThe white gander lay waiting back on the shore, and the wild geese were to travel up toward Östergötland today.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlenvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of lågmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on lågvidonvid · prepositionpreposition marking strandenstrandenshorestrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationväntadewaitingvänta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of resaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
skullewas toskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of resaitodayi · prepositionmodifies resadagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iresato travelresa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with låguppåtupwarduppåt · adverbmodifies resaÖstergötlandÖstergötlandÖstergötland · proper noun, nominativedirect object of uppåtHe himself was being carried southwest — that he understood from the fact that he had the sun’s disk behind him.
Självhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on fördesfördeswas carriedföra · verb, past, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on förstodhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive fördesåttowardåt · prepositionpreposition marking sydvästsydvästsouthwestsydväst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fördesdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of förstodförstodunderstoodförstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstoddäravfrom the factdärav · adverbmodifies förstodattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of förstodsolskivanthe sun's disksolskiva · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadebakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of hadeAnd the great forest rug lying beneath him was surely Småland.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skogsmattanstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies skogsmattanweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
skogsmattanthe forest rugskogsmatta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on skogsmattanunderbeneathunder · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to Smålandsäkertsurelysäker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies Smålandused adverbially, 'certainly/surely'.
SmålandSmålandSmåland · proper noun, nominativeparallel clause to skogsmattan- 32
“How will it go now with the white gander, when I can’t take care of him?” thought the boy, and began shouting at the crows to carry him straight back to the wild geese.
Hurhowhur · adverbmodifies gåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gånunownu · adverbmodifies gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking gåskarlendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlenvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gåmorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taintenotinte · particlemodifies takancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gåvårdcarevård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of taomofom · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tatänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tänkteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tänkteropato call outropa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeåtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking kråkornakråkornacrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ropaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of föradetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of föragenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies föraskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of föraföracarryföra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on tänktehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of föratillbakabacktillbaka · adverbmodifies föratilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tillbakaattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
He was not the least bit worried on his own account.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of smulvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to smulintenotinte · particlemodifies smulenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of smulsmulbitsmul · noun, genitive, common gender, singularhead of the phraseoroligtroubledorolig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of smulföraboutför · prepositionpreposition marking delsinhis ownsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of delegenownegen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies deldelpartdel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of oroligHe believed it was out of sheer mischief that they were carrying him off.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddetroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of okynnedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of okynnevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to okynneavout ofav · prepositionpreposition marking okynnerentsheerren · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies okynneokynnemischiefokynne · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of troddesomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of fördeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fördefördecarryingföra · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on okynneSecond example 'en smal stig, som förde inåt skogen' = 'a narrow path that led into the forest' — a path leading, not carrying — a distinct sense from the first example ('förde ju lycka med sig' = 'brought good luck').
bortawaybort · adverbdepends on fördehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förde- 33
The crows paid not the least attention to his demands, but flew on as fast as they were able.
Kråkornathe crowsKråkorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of frågadefrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies frågadedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of minstaminstaleastliten · adjective, nominative, superlativedirect object of frågadeefterattention toefter · prepositionpreposition marking uppmaningarhanshishan · pronounpossessor of uppmaningaruppmaningardemandsuppmaning · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of frågadeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
flögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with frågadePast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
framåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies flögosåasså · adverbintroduces the clause of förmåddefortfastfort · adverbpart of the phrase sådetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of förmåddeförmåddecould manageförmåd · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on frågadeFrom förmå, 'to be able to'; here in 'allt vad han förmådde' = 'as fast as he could manage'.
But after a while one of them clapped its wings in the manner that means: “Look out!
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of smälldeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of smälldesmälldeclappedsmällde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of smälldeSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of smälldeiwithi · prepositionpreposition marking vingarnavingarnathe wingsvingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of smälldelemma should be vinge 'wing'.
påinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of smälldesomthatsom · pronounsubject of betyderThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
betydermeansbetyda · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on sättSelookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceoppoutopp · interjectiondirect object of SeOpp is an older spelling of modern upp.
Danger!”
FaradangerFara · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseDirectly after, they dove down into a spruce forest, pushed between the twiggy branches clear down to the forest floor, and set the boy down under a thick spruce, where he was so well hidden that not even a falcon could have caught sight of him.
Straxdirectlystrax · adverbmodifies dökodärpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbmodifies dökodökodovedöko · proper noun, nominativehead of the phraseHistorical plural past form of dyka.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of nernerdownner · adverbmodifies dökoiini · prepositionpreposition marking granskogenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of granskoggranskogspruce forestgranskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of dökoträngdepushedtränga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with dökomellanbetweenmellan · prepositionpreposition marking grenarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of grenarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
risigatwiggyrisig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies grenarnagrenarnathe branchesgrenarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies trängdeändaclear downända · adverbmodifies grenarnatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking skogsbottnenskogsbottnenthe forest floorskogsbottn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ändaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with dökopast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
nerdownner · adverbdepends on sattepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of satteunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking granenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of grantätthicktät · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies grangransprucegran · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattedärtheredär · adverbmodifies gömdhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gömdvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gömdsåsoså · adverbmodifies välvälwellväl · adverbmodifies gömdgömdhiddengömd · pronoun, common gender, singularrelative clause on granMistagged as pronoun; it is the past participle of 'gömma' (to hide), used adjectivally.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gångintenotinte · particlemodifies gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångevengång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with dökoenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of falkfalkfalconfalk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåkunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of fåfåcatch sight offå · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on gångsynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of få- 34
Fifty crows lined up around the boy with their beaks pointed at him to guard him.
Femtiofiftyfemtio · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kråkorkråkorcrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ställdeställdelined upställa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on ställdesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ställderuntaroundrunt · adverbmodifies ställdeomkringaroundomkring · adverbpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställdemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking näbbarnanäbbarnabeaksnäbbare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of ställderiktadepointedrikta · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying näbbarnamotatmot · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of riktadeförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of vaktaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vaktainfinitive marker before a verb.
vaktato guardvakta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on riktadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of vakta “Now perhaps I can find out, crows, what you mean by carrying me off,” he said.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies vetakanskeperhapskanske · adverbmodifies vetajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekråkorcrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with vetavadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of harniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
harhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetaförintendför · prepositionpreposition marking meningmeningmeanmening · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of harmedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of föraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förainfinitive marker before a verb.
föracarry offföra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on harbortawaybort · adverbdepends on föramigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to vetahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeBut he had scarcely finished speaking before a big crow hissed at him: “Just be quiet!
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickmanaged tofå · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of talaknappasthardlyknappast · adverbmodifies talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetillto completiontill · prepositionpreposition marking punktpunktthe endpunkt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talaförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies kråkaused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kråkastorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kråkakråkacrowkråka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with talavästehissedväste · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kråkathis is the past tense of the verb väsa ('to hiss'), not an adjective.
åtatåt · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of västeTigbe quietTig · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Tigbarajustbara · adverbmodifies TigOr I’ll peck your eyes out.”
Annarsotherwiseannars · adverbmodifies hackarhackarpeck outhacka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hackarutoutut · adverbdepends on hackarögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of hackarpåyourpå · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies ögonen- 35
It was clear that the crow meant what she said, and the boy had nothing else to do but obey.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with tydligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to tydligttydligtcleartydlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of menadekråkancrowkråka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of menademenademeant/thoughtmena · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on tydligtvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of menadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with menadeintetnothinginte · adverbsubject of hadearchaic neuter form intet functions both as the determiner 'no/none' and, before 'annat', as the pronoun 'nothing'; examples in this chunk show both uses, not just 'no'.
annatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lydaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of lydainfinitive marker before a verb.
lydato obeylyda · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on göra So he sat there staring at the crows, and the crows stared at him.
Såsoså · adverbmodifies sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattdärtheredär · adverbmodifies sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstirradestaredstirra · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with sattReally the past tense of the verb stirra ('to stare'), mistagged here as an adjective.
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking kråkornakråkornacrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkråkornacrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of stirradestirradestaredstirra · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with sattReally the past tense of the verb stirra ('to stare'), mistagged here as an adjective.
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stirrade- 36
The longer he looked at them, the less he liked them.
Jutheju · conjunctionmodifies längrelängrelongerlänge · adverbmodifies såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktepast tense of se, 'to see.'
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of sågdesstheden · pronounlinks the coordinationch03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
mindrelesslite · adverbmodifies tyckteSurface 'mindre' is the shared comparative of both 'lite' (less) and 'liten' (small); in ch. examples it renders as predicate-adjective 'smaller' (mycket mindre än han, mindre höga) as often as adverbial 'less' (nöjde sig inte med mindre).
tycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteomlikedom · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of tyckte It was dreadful how dusty and ill-kept their feather coats were, quite as if they knew nothing of bathing or oiling.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fasligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fasligtfasligtterriblyfaslig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseUsed adverbially: 'dreadfully/terribly'.
vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of fasligtderastheirde · pronounpossessor of fjäderskrudarpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
fjäderskrudarfeather coatsfjäderskrued · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase vadvorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singulardepends on tilltygadePast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
dammigadustydammig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tilltygadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationillabadlyilla · adverbcoordinated with dammigatilltygadebatteredtilltygad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with vadalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies kändesomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kändeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kändedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kändevarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activein apposition to vadtillabouttill · prepositionpreposition marking badbadbathingbe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kändeSurface 'bad' is genuinely ambiguous between the noun 'bad' (a bath) and the past tense of the verb 'be' (asked). Only ch03-p15-s1 is the verb sense ('asked'); ch03-p74-s3, ch16-p36-s2, and ch22-p49-s8 are all the noun 'bad' (bath/bathing), which the noun morphology tag on this key actually points to. The glosser's original gloss 'asked' fit only 1 of 4 examples.
elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinoljningoilinginoljning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with badTheir toes and claws were dirty with caked-on earth, and there were bits of stale food stuck in the corners of their beaks.
Tårnathe toesTårna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklornathe clawsklorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Tårnavorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on smutsigaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
smutsigadirtysmutsig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with Tårnaavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking jordfasttorkadcaked-onfasttorka · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies jordjordearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies smutsigaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefulltfull offull · adverbmodifies sattAdverbial use of full/fullt, e.g. 'fullt så' = 'quite as'.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking matrestermatresterfood scrapsmatrest · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sattiini · prepositionpreposition marking mungipornamungipornabeak cornersmungiporna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies matresterThese were a different sort of bird from wild geese, he noticed that.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of fåglarvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fåglarannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies slagsslagskind ofslag · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of fåglarGenitive 'slags' used in the fixed phrase 'ett slags'/'vad för slags' = 'a kind of'/'what kind of'.
fåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vildgässvildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with fåglardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of märktemärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to fåglarhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkteHe thought they had cruel, greedy, watchful, and bold looks, quite like scoundrels and tramps.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tycktegrymmacruelgrymm · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies utseendensniknagreedysnikna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with grymmavaksammawatchfulvaksam · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with grymmaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdjärvabolddjärva · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with grymmautseendenlooksutseend · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadealldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies bovarsomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bovarbovarscoundrelsbovar · noun, neuteroblique complement of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlandstrykarevagabondslandstrykare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with bovar- 37
“It’s certainly a real gang of robbers I’ve fallen in with,” he thought.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bestämtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bestämtbestämtcertainlybestämd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseHere used adverbially as 'bestämt' (certainly, surely), not the adjective 'definite'.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of rövarpackriktigtrealriktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies rövarpackrövarpackgang of robbersrövarpack · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of bestämtsomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of råkatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkatråkatfallen in withråka · verb, active, supinerelative clause on rövarpackutfall in withut · adverbdepends on råkatförfallen in withför · prepositionpreposition marking somtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to rövarpackhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte - 38
At that same moment he heard the wild geese’s calling cry above him.
Iati · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathat same momentdetsamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördevildgässenswild geese'svildgäss · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of lockropsurface 'vildgässens' is plural genitive (of the wild geese) despite the singular tag.
lockropcalling crylockrop · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördeuppöveraboveuppöver · verb, present, indicative, activemodifies hördesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of uppöver “Where are you?
Varwherevar · adverbmodifies ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärHere I am.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärWhere are you?
Varwherevar · adverbmodifies ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärHere I am.”
Härherehär · adverbmodifies ärärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of är- 39
He understood that Akka and the others had set out to search for him, but before he had time to answer them, the big crow, who seemed to be leader of the band, hissed in his ear: “Think of your eyes!”
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gettAkkaAkkaAkka · proper noun, nominativesubject of gettproper name of the lead wild goose; keep untranslated.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of andraSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluralcoordinated with Akkahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gettgettgivenge · verb, active, supineclausal complement of förstodsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gettutoutut · adverbdepends on gettförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sökaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sökainfinitive marker before a verb.
sökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on getthonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sökamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hannhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hannhannhad time tohann · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on svaraFrom hinna, 'to have time' for something before it's too late.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of svarainfinitive marker before a verb.
svarato answersvara · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gettdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of svaravästehissedväste · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kråkanthis is the past tense of the verb väsa ('to hiss'), not an adjective.
denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kråkanstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kråkanweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
kråkancrowkråka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gettsomwhosom · pronounsubject of anförareThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
tycktesseemed totycktes · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of anförarevarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to anförareanförareleaderanförare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on kråkanförofför · prepositionpreposition marking bandetbandetbandband · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of anförareiini · prepositionpreposition marking örahanshishan · pronounpossessor of öraöraearöra · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of anförareTänkthinkTänk · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking ögondinayourdu · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ögonThis entry is really the possessive "dina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma du.
ögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of Tänk And there was nothing else for him to do but keep silent.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with annatvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to annatintenotinte · particlemodifies annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of annatatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on annatänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of attattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tigatigato be silenttig · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on göraInfinitive of tiga (to keep silent), mistagged as an adjective.
- 40
The wild geese could not have known that he was so near them, but must only have happened to fly over this forest.
Vildgässenthe wild geesevildgässen · proper noun, nominativesubject of vetatmåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies vetatModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
intenotinte · particlemodifies vetathahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of vetatvetatknownvetaa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetatdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of varsåsoså · adverbmodifies näranäranearnära · adverbmodifies varType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
utanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies kommittillfälligtvisby chancetillfälligtvis · adverbmodifies kommitkommitcomekomma · auxiliary verb, active, supinecoordinated with vetatin kommit att + infinitive, 'come to (do something)'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of farafaragofara · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on kommitsome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
överoveröver · prepositionpreposition marking skogdennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skogskogforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fara He heard their cries a couple of times more; then they died away.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencederastheirde · pronounpossessor of roppossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
ropcryrop · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hördeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hördetillmoretill · prepositionmodifies gångersedanthensedan · adverbmodifies dogdogdieddog · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hördedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dogbortawaybort · adverbmodifies dog“Well, now you must manage on your own, Nils Holgersson,” he then said to himself.
Jayesja · interjectionhead of the phrasenunownu · adverbmodifies redamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of redaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of redaredafind outreda · adverbpart of the phrase Japart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
digyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of redapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking handegenownegen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies handhandhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadeNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilssadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Jahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadedåthendå · adverbmodifies sadetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of sadesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sig“Now you’ll get to show whether you’ve learned anything during these weeks in the wilds.”
Nunownu · adverbmodifies visafårget tofå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of visaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lärtduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lärtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lärtlärtlearnedlära · verb, active, supineclausal complement of visadigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of lärtnågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of lärtunderduringunder · prepositionpreposition marking veckornadetheseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of veckornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
härherehär · adverbpart of the phrase deveckornathe weeksveckorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lärtiini · prepositionpreposition marking vildmarkenvildmarkenwildernessvildmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies veckorna- 41
A little while later the crows made as if to break camp, and since they now also seemed to intend carrying him along in the same way as before, one holding his shirt collar and one his stocking, the boy said: “Isn’t there one of you crows strong enough to carry me on her back?
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjordedärefterafterwarddärefter · adverbmodifies gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekråkornacrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gjordeminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of gjordepossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
avas ifav · prepositionintroduces the clause of brytaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of brytainfinitive marker before a verb.
brytabreak campbryta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gjordeuppupupp · adverbdepends on brytaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåsincedå · subordinating conjunctionmodifies tycktesdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of tycktesocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies tycktesnunownu · adverbmodifies tycktestycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativeadverbial clause on ämnaämnato intendämna · verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of bärabärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gjordehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of bäramedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of bärapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of sättetsättetwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of bäraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hölleniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllheldhålla · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of bäraiini · prepositionpreposition marking skjortlinningenskjortlinningenshirt collarskjortlinning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höllochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hölliini · prepositionpreposition marking enstrumpanthe stockingstrumpan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase isadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeÄrisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ingendetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ingeningenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phraseavofav · prepositionpreposition marking kråkoreryouni · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of kråkorkråkorcrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies ingensomwhosom · pronounsubject of starkThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to starksåenoughså · adverbmodifies starkstarkstrongstark · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on ingenattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bärahonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bärakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bärabärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on starkmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of bärapåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking ryggsinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of ryggryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bära You’ve already handled me so roughly that it feels as if I were coming apart.
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of faritsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of faritredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies faritfarittraveledfara · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies illaillabadlyilla · adverbmodifies faritframforwardfram · adverbdepends on faritmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of faritattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kännsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with kännskännsfeelskännas · verb, present, indicativeadverbial clause on faritsomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of voreomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vorejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vorevorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activeadverbial clause on kännsituapartitu · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of kännsJust let me ride!
Låtletlåta · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Låtbarajustbara · adverbmodifies ridaridato riderida · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of LåtI won’t throw myself off the crow’s back, I promise you that.”
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kastaintenotinte · particlemodifies kastakastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of kastanerdownner · adverbmodifies kastafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking kråkryggenkråkryggencrow's backkråkrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of lovarlovarpromiseslova · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to kastajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lovareryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lovar- 42
“Don’t think we care how you feel,” said the leader, but now the biggest of the crows, a ruffled and clumsy one with a white feather in its wing, came forward and said: “It would surely be better for all of us, Wind-Ile, if Thumbietot arrived whole rather than in pieces, and so I’ll try to carry him on my back.”
Intenotinte · particlemodifies troskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of troduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bryrviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of bryrbryrcaresbry · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of troAlmost always used reflexively, bry sig om, 'to care about'.
ossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of bryromaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of harhurhowhur · adverbmodifies harduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on bryrdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of harsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to troanförarenthe leaderanförar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of störstastörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativedepends on komavofav · prepositionpreposition marking kråkornakråkornathe crowskråkorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of komenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of rufsigrufsigruffledrufsig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to komochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationotympligclumsyotymplig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with rufsigenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularquantifies komsomwhosom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on enenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fjädervitwhitevit · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fjäderfjäderfeatherfjäder · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking vingenvingenwingving · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadeframforwardfram · adverbmodifies hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with enDetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of bättrevorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to bättrevälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies bättrebättrebetterbra · adjective, nominative, comparativehead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking ossossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of bättreallaallall · determiner, pluraloblique complement of bättreVind-IleWind-IleVind-Ile · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularcoordinated with bättreName of the crow leader, accusative use.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommeTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativesubject of kommethe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
kommewould comekomme · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with bättrearchaic subjunctive/conditional form of komma.
framforwardfram · adverbdepends on kommehelwholehel · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kommeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of halvhalvhalfhalv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on helochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärförsodärför · adverbmodifies försökaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of försökajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of försökaförsökato tryförsöka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with bättrebärato carrybära · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of bärapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ryggenryggenbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bära —“If you can manage it, Fumle-Drumle, it’s no objection of mine,” said Wind-Ile.
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of orkarduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of orkarorkarmanagesorka · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on ärFumle-DrumleFumle-DrumleFumle-Drumle · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of orkarProper name of a clumsy crow character.
såthenså · adverbadverbial clause on ärärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with ärintenotinte · particlemodifies ärmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardepends on äremotobjectionemot · adverbdepends on ärsadesaidsaa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ärlemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms.
Vind-IleWind-IleVind-Ile · proper noun, nominativesubject of sade“But don’t lose him!”
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtappalosetappa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies tappabortawaybort · adverbdepends on tappahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tappa- 43
With this much had already been gained, and the boy felt quite pleased again.
Härmedwith thishärmed · adverbsubject of vunnetNarrative connective ('Härmed lyfte hon vingarna' = 'With this she lifted her wings'); 'hereby' is too formal/legalistic a register for this usage.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vunnetredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies vunnetvunnetgainedvunnet · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kändekändefeltkände · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vunnetsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of känderiktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies nöjdnöjdpleasednöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kändeigenagainigen · adverbdepends on kände “There’s no use losing my temper just because I’ve been stolen away by crows,” he thought.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies löntärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to löntdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with löntlöntworthwhilelön · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseIn the idiom 'det är lönt' (it's worth it, no use).
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förlorainfinitive marker before a verb.
förlorato loseförlora · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lönthumörettemperhumör · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of förloradärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of blivitattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blivitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on löntbortstulenstolen awaybortstul · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of blivitavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking kråkornakråkornathe crowskråkorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies bortstulentänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lönthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkte“I’ll surely manage those poor wretches somehow.”
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of stackarnastackarnathe poor wretchesstackarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommavälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencetillmanagetill · prepositiondepends on kommarättamanagerätta · noun, common gendercomplement of kommaThe gloss 'order' doesn't fit any of the four examples, which are three distinct idioms built on the noun 'rätta' (the right/correct state), not a standalone noun meaning 'order'.
medwithmed · prepositiondepends on komma- 44
The crows still kept flying southwest onward over Småland.
Kråkornathe crowsKråkorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of flögoflögoflewflögoa · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceArchaic plural past tense of flyga "to fly"; mislabeled as present tense.
alltstillallt · adverbmodifies flögofortfarandestillfortfarande · adverbmodifies flögomotsouthwestwardmot · prepositionpreposition marking sydvästsydvästsouthwestsydväst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flögoframforwardfram · adverbdepends on sydvästöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking SmålandSmålandSmålandSmåland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of fram It was a splendid morning, sunny and calm, and the birds down on the earth were in the midst of singing their courting songs.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of morgonvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to morgonenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of morgonpräktigsplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies morgonmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesoligsunnysolig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with morgonochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlugncalmlugn · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with soligochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfåglarnathe birdsfåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with morgonneredownnere · adverbmodifies morgonpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nerehöllowere in the midsthöllo · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to morgonsomin the midstsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bästbästin the midstbra · adverbmodifies höllopåin the midst ofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of sjungaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sjungainfinitive marker before a verb.
sjungato singsjunga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on höllosinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of friarvisorfriarvisorcourting songsfriarvisa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sjungaIn a tall, dark forest, the thrush himself sat with drooping wings and swollen throat up in a spruce top, trilling note after note.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking skogenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of skoghögtallhög · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies skogmörkdarkmörk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with högskogforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesjälvahimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies trastenSurface "själva" is the plural/emphatic form of själv and can mean "themselves" or intensify "the very."
trastenthrushtrast · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vingarhängandehanginghängande · adjective, nominativemodifies vingarvingarwingsving · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförtjockadswollenförtjocka · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies strupestrupethroatstrupe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vingaruppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies sattiini · prepositionpreposition marking grantoppenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of grantoppgrantoppspruce topgrantopp · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslogtrilledslå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
slagnoteslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of slogpåafterpå · prepositionpreposition marking slagslagnoteslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of slog“How beautiful you are!
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of vackerduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vackerärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vackervackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseHow beautiful you are!
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of vackerduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vackerärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vackervackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseHow beautiful you are!” he sang.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of vackerduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vackerärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vackervackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesjöngsangsjöng · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to vackerhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjöng“No one is so beautiful.
Ingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of vackerärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vackersåsoså · adverbmodifies vackervackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseNo one is so beautiful.
Ingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of vackerärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vackersåsoså · adverbmodifies vackervackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseNo one is so beautiful.”
Ingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of vackerärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vackersåsoså · adverbmodifies vackervackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseAnd as soon as he had finished this song, he began it anew.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåasså · adverbmodifies snartsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies Ochsomassom · adverbdepends on slutatAdverbial/conjunctive use of som ('as/just as'), distinct from its usual relative-pronoun sense.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slutathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of slutatslutatfinishedsluta · verb, active, supinedepends on snartdennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of slutatbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadedeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of börjadepåagainpå · prepositionpreposition marking nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of började- 45
But the boy was just then flying over the forest, and when he had heard the song a couple of times and noticed that the thrush knew no other, he put both hands like a horn to his mouth and called down: “We’ve heard that before.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of satteforwas flyingfor · prepositionmodifies pojkenPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
justjustjust · adverbpart of the phrase fordåthendå · adverbpart of the phrase forframforwardfram · adverbpart of the phrase foröveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hörthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on visanvisansongvisa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with pojkenettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of visanochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmärktenoticedmärka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with visanattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kundetrastenthrushtrast · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kundeintenotinte · particlemodifies kundekundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on visannågonnonågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of annanannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kundesattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattebådabothbåda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies händernahändernathe handshänderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of sattesomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lurenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lurlurhornlur · noun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying händernaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking munnenmunnenmouthmun · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lurochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with satteneråtdownwardneråt · adverbmodifies ropadeDetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies hörtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörtviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Detförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies hört We’ve heard that before.”
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasedärtheredär · adverbmodifies hörtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörtviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Detförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies hört—“Who is it?
Vemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vemdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of VemWho is it?
Vemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vemdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of VemWho is it?
Vemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vemdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of VemWho is making fun of me?” asked the thrush, trying to catch sight of whoever was calling.
Vemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of görgördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenarrfoolnarr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gör'göra narr av' = 'to make a fool of/mock'.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies narrfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetrastenthrushtrast · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with frågadefåcatch sight offå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försöktesynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåsomwhoeversom · pronounsubject of ropadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on den—“It’s Crow-Snatched making fun of your song,” answered the boy.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of Kråkrövadärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to KråkrövadKråkrövadCrow-SnatchedKråkrövad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of görThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gördoesgöra · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on Kråkrövadnarrfoolnarr · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gör'göra narr av' = 'to make a fool of/mock'.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking visadinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitiveoblique complement of görsvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Kråkrövadpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradeThe crow-chief turned his head at once and said: “Mind your eyes, Thumbietot!”
Kråkhövdingenthe crow-chiefkråkhövding · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedvän · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceReally the past tense 'vände' of the verb vända ('to turn'), mistagged here under lemma vän.
påhispå · prepositionpreposition marking huvudethuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of vändeiati · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathe samedensamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of vändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vändeAktawatch out!Akta · adverbmodifies ögonimperative of akta sig ('to be careful/watch out'), not a true adverb.
dinayourdu · pronoun, pluralpossessor of ögonThis entry is really the possessive "dina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma du.
ögoneyesögon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phraseTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with ögonthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
But the boy thought: “No, I don’t care about that.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceNejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of bryrbryrcaresbry · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to NejAlmost always used reflexively, bry sig om, 'to care about'.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bryrmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of bryrintenotinte · particlemodifies bryromaboutom · prepositiondepends on bryrI mean to show you that I’m not afraid of you.”
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of visajustjustjust · adverbmodifies visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of visaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of räddjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddintenotinte · particlemodifies räddärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of visaförofför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of rädd- 46
Ever farther inland they flew, and there were forests and lakes everywhere.
Alltallall · adverbmodifies längrelängrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies foroinåtintoinåt · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of längreforowentforo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of deMistagged as a noun; foro is the plural past tense of fara ("went/traveled").
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskogarforestsskog · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with deochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjöarlakessjö · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with skogarfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsöverallteverywhereöverallt · adverbmodifies fanns In a birch grove the wood pigeon sat on a bare branch, and before her stood the male pigeon.
Iini · prepositionpreposition marking björkhageenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of björkhagebjörkhagebirch grovebjörkhage · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattsattsatsitta · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceskogsduvanthe wood pigeonskogsduvan · adverbdirect object of sattpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking grenenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of grennakenbarenaken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies grengrenbranchgren · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattduvhannenmale pigeonduvhann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodHe puffed up his feathers, arched his neck, raised and lowered his body so that his breast feathers rustled against the branch.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blåsteblåsteblewblåsa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on blåstefjädrarnafeathersfjädr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of blåstekröktearchedkrökte · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with fjädrarnapåhispå · prepositionpreposition marking nackennackenthe necknack · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies krökteMislabeled as plural; nacken is the definite singular of nacke ("the neck").
höjderaisedhöja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with blåsteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsänkteloweredsänkte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with höjdekroppenbodykropp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of höjdesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of brusadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såbröstfjädrarnathe breast feathersbröstfjädr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of brusadebrusaderoaredbrusa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blåstemotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking grenengrenenbranchgren · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of brusadeMeanwhile he cooed: “You, you, you are the loveliest in the forest.
Undermeanwhileunder · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kuttradekuttradecooedkuttra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kuttradeDuyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Duduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vackrasteärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vackrastedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vackrastevackrastemost beautifulvackr · adjective, nominative, superlativeparallel clause to Duiini · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of vackrasteNo one in the forest is as lovely as you, you, you.”
Ingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of vackeriini · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Ingenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vackersåasså · adverbmodifies vackervackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of duduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on vackerduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to vackerduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to vacker- 47
But the boy went flying past overhead, and when he heard the male pigeon, he could not keep silent.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies förbiiini · prepositionpreposition marking luftenluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppeforwent flyingfor · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies luftenförbipastförbi · adverbadverbial clause on hållaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hålladuvhannenmale pigeonduvhann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållaintenotinte · particlemodifies hållahållato keep silenthålla · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hållatystquiettyst · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of hålla “Don’t believe him!
Trobelievetro · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of Trointenotinte · particlemodifies TroDon’t believe him!” he cried.
Trobelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Trointenotinte · particlemodifies Troropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropade- 48
“Who, who, who is it that’s lying about me?” cooed the male pigeon, trying to catch sight of whoever had called out to him.
Vemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phrasevemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularcoordinated with Vemvemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularcoordinated with Vemärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vemdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with vemsomthatsom · pronounsubject of ljugerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ljugeris lyingljuga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on Vempåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ljugerkuttradecooedkuttra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduvhannenmale pigeonduvhann · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kuttradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kuttradeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåcatch sight offå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försöktesynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåsomwhoeversom · pronounsubject of skrikitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skrikitskrikitcalled outskrikit · verb, active, supinerelative clause on dentilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skrikit “It’s Crow-Snatched, who’s lying about you,” answered the boy.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of Kråktagenärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to KråktagenKråktagenCrow-Snatchedkråktagen · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of ljugerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ljugeris lyingljuga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on Kråktagenpåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ljugersvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Kråktagenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradeAgain Wind-Ile turned his head toward the boy and ordered him to be silent, but Fumle-Drumle, who was carrying him, said: “Let him talk — then the little birds will think we crows have become witty and amusing birds!”
ÅterigenagainÅterigen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vändeActually the adverb 'Återigen', mistagged as a noun.
vändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
Vind-IleWind-IleVind-Ile · adjective, nominative, singularindirect object of vändehuvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasemottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbefalldeorderedbefallde · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of befalldeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tigatigato be silenttig · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of befalldeInfinitive of tiga (to keep silent), mistagged as an adjective.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationFumle-DrumleFumle-DrumleFumle-Drumle · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with ,Proper name of a clumsy crow character.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of barThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
barcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on Fumle-DrumleTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of barsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLåtletlåta · verb, imperative, activedepends on trorhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Låtpratato talkprata · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of Låtsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesmåfåglarnathe little birdssmåfåglarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blivitviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blivitkråkorcrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blivitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blivitblivitbecomebli · verb, active, supineclausal complement of trorkvickawittykvicka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blivitochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationroligaamusingrolig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fåglarfåglarbirdsfågel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kvicka—“They’re maybe not so foolish, either,” said Wind-Ile, but he rather liked the idea, for after that he let the boy shout as much as he liked.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of dummaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to dummavälmaybeväl · adverbmodifies dummaintenotinte · particlemodifies dummasåsoså · adverbmodifies dummadummafoolishdum · adjective, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasehellereitherheller · adverbmodifies dummasadesaidsaa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to dummalemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms.
Vind-IleWind-Ilevind-Ile · proper noun, nominativedirect object of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with dummanograthernog · adverbmodifies tyckteomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lättankenthoughttanke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lätförforför · prepositionmodifies lätsedanthensedan · adverbmodifies lätlätletlät · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lätpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of roparopato call outropa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of lätsåasså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycket · adverbmodifies tycktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villevillewantedvilja · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on mycket- 49
Forest and woodland was mostly what they flew over, but there were, of course, also churches and church villages and little cabins at the forest’s edge.
SkogforestSkog · proper noun, nominativesubject of varCommon noun 'skog' (forest) mistagged as a proper noun.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskogsmarkwoodlandSkogsmark · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with Skogvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase varmestamostmycken · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies varSuperlative 'mesta' of the archaic quantifier 'mycken' (much).
somwhatsom · pronounoblique complement of flögoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of flögoflögoflewflögo · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on mestaPast plural of flyga; mistagged as present tense.
framforwardfram · adverbmodifies flögoöveroveröver · adverbpreposition marking sommenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativecoordinated with varexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
förståsof courseförstås · adverbmodifies fannsocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies fannsbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkyrkorchurcheskyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkyrkbyarchurch villageskyrkbyar · numeralcoordinated with kyrkorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmåkojorlittle cabinssmåkojor · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fannsiati · prepositionpreposition marking skogsbrynetskogsbrynetedge of the forestskogsbryn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of småkojor At one spot they saw a pleasant old manor house.
Påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking ställeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställeställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sågosågosawsågo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw).
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sågoenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of herrgårdgammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies herrgårdtrevligpleasanttrevlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies herrgårdherrgårdmanor househerrgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågoIt lay with the forest behind it and the lake in front, had red walls and a broken roof, huge maples around the yard, and big, straggly gooseberry bushes in the garden.
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking skogenskogenforestskog · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågbakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigitsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of lågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sigframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsigitsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of låghadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågrödaredröd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies väggarväggarwallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrutetbrokenbrute · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with väggartakrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on brutetväldigahugeväldig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies lönnarlönnarmapleslönna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with hadeomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking gårdsplanengårdsplanencourtyardgårdsplan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with gårdsplanenrisigatwiggyrisig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies krusbärsbuskarkrusbärsbuskargooseberry busheskrusbärsbusk · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with gårdsplaneniini · prepositionpreposition marking trädgårdenträdgårdengardenträdgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies krusbärsbuskarAt the very top of the weathervane sat the starling, singing so that every note carried in to the female, who lay on her eggs in the nest box in the pear tree.
Överstat the topÖverst · adverbmodifies väderflöjelnpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking väderflöjelnväderflöjelnweathervaneväderflöjel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestarenstarlingstar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattAlternate tagging of 'staren', the definite form of 'stare' (starling).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjöngsangsjöng · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattsåsoså · adverbmodifies sjöngattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördesvareveryvar · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tontonnoteton · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive hördeshördeswas heardhör · verb, past, indicative, passivedepends on sattPassive past of höra, surface hördes.
ininin · adverbdepends on hördestilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking honanhonanthe femalehona · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hördessomwhosom · pronounsubject of lågThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on honanpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking äggäggeggägg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lågiini · prepositionpreposition marking holkenholkenthe nest boxholk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågiini · prepositionpreposition marking päronträdetpäronträdetthe pear treepäronträde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of låg“We have four pretty little eggs,” sang the starling.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefyrafourfyra · numeral, nominativequantifies äggsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies äggvackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies äggäggeggsägg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of harsjöngsangsjöng · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to harstarenstarlingstar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjöngAlternate tagging of 'staren', the definite form of 'stare' (starling).
“We have four pretty little round eggs.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefyrafourfyra · numeral, nominativequantifies vackrasmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vackravackrabeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies äggrundaroundrund · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with vackraäggeggsägg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of harWe have a whole nest full of splendid eggs.”
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies boetboetthe nestbo · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of harfulltfullfull · adverbmodifies harAdverbial use of full/fullt, e.g. 'fullt så' = 'quite as'.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking äggpräktigasplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies äggäggeggsägg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of har- 50
When the starling was singing the song for the thousandth time, the boy flew over the yard.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sjöngstarenstarlingstare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjöngsjöngsangsjöng · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on visanvisansongvisa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking gångentusendethe thousandthtusende · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase förgångentimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of visanforflewfor · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with visanöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking gårdengårdenyardgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies pojken He put his hands to his mouth like a tube and called: “The magpie will get them.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattesatteputsata · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehändernathe handshänderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of satteförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking munnenmunnenmouthmun · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattesomlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of rörettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of rörröra tuberöra · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of satteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with satteSkatanmagpieskata · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of taThe magpie will get them.”
Skatanmagpieskata · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of ta- 51
“Who is it that wants to frighten me?” asked the starling, flapping his wings anxiously.
Vemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vemdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Vemsomthatsom · pronounsubject of skrämmaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
villwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skrämmaskrämmato frightenskrämma · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on detmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of skrämmafrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencestarenstarlingstar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågadeAlternate tagging of 'staren', the definite form of 'stare' (starling).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflaxadeflappedflaxa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with frågadeoroligtanxiouslyorolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of flaxademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vingarnavingarnathe wingsvingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of flaxadelemma should be vinge 'wing'.
—“It’s Crow-Caught, who’s frightening you,” said the boy.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of Kråkfångadärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to KråkfångadKråkfångadCrow-Caughtkråkfångad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of skrämmerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skrämmerfrightensskrämma · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on Kråkfångaddigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of skrämmersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Kråkfångadpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeThis time the crow-chief did not try to silence him.
Dennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gångengångentimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of söktesöktetriedsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies söktekråkhövdingenthe crow-chiefkråkhövding · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of söktetystasilenttyst · adjective, nominative, singularclause modifying kråkhövdingennerdownner · adverbdepends on tystahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tystaInstead, both he and the whole flock had such fun that they cawed with satisfaction.
Iinsteadi · prepositionmodifies hadeställetplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase Ihadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of roligtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies flockenflockenflockflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hansåsuchså · adverbmodifies roligtroligtfunrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kraxadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kraxadekraxadecawedkraxa · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on roligtavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking belåtenhetbelåtenhetsatisfactionbelåtenhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularagent of kraxade- 52
The farther inland they came, the bigger the lakes grew, and the richer they became in islands and points of land.
Jutheju · conjunctionmodifies längrelängrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies deinåtintoinåt · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of längredetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kommoSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
kommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
destothedesto · adverbmodifies störrestörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies blevoblevogrewblevo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sjöarnasjöarnathe lakessjöarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdestothedesto · adverbmodifies rikarerikarericherrik · adjective, nominative, comparativecoordinated with sjöarnablevobecameblevo · verb, active, supinedepends on kommolemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became).
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of blevopåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking öaröarislandsöar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies deochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationuddarpoints of landudda · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with öar And on a lakeshore stood the drake, preening himself before the duck.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sjöstrandenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjöstrandsjöstrandlakeshoresjöstrand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceandrakenthe drakeandrak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkrumbuktadepreenedkrumbukta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of krumbuktadeförbeforeför · prepositionpreposition marking andhonanandhonanthe female duckandhona · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of krumbuktade“I’ll be true to you all my days.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of varatrogenfaithfultrogen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying digifori · prepositionpreposition marking darallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of darminamyjag · pronoun, pluralpossessor of darThis entry is really the possessive "mina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
dardaysd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of trogenI’ll be true to you all my days,” said the drake.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varavarabevara · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of varatrogenfaithfultrogen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying digifori · prepositionpreposition marking darallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of darminamyjag · pronoun, pluralpossessor of darThis entry is really the possessive "mina" (plural agreement), mistagged under the lemma jag.
dardaysd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies digsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to varaandrakenthe drakeandrak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade—“Won’t last till summer’s end,” shouted the boy, flying past.
VararlastsVarar · verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to slutintenotinte · particlemodifies sluttilltotill · prepositionmodifies slutsommarnssummersommar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase tillslutendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseskrekshriekedskrek · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slutpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skreksomwhosom · pronounoblique complement of skrekThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
forflyingfor · prepositionpart of the phrase somPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
förbipastförbi · adverbpart of the phrase som—“Who are you, then?” called the drake.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vadduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Vadförkind offör · prepositionpreposition marking enenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Vadropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceandrakenthe drakeandrak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropade—“My name is Crow-Stolen,” shouted the boy.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of heterheteris calledheta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceKråkstulenCrow-StolenKråkstule · proper noun, nominativesubject of heterskrekshriekedskrek · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to heterpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skrek- 53
At midday the crows landed in a pasture.
Vidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking middagstidenmiddagstidenmiddaymiddagstid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogoslogolandedslogo · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentence'slogo ner' = landed, settled down.
kråkornacrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of slogonerdownner · adverbmodifies slogoiini · prepositionpreposition marking beteshageenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of beteshagebeteshagepasturebeteshage · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slogo They flew about getting food for themselves, but none of them thought of giving the boy anything.
Detheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of foroSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
forotraveledforo · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of tänkteArchaic plural past tense of fara ("to go/travel"), not a noun; the parser mistagged it.
omkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies foroochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskaffadegotskaffa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with forosigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of skaffadematfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skaffademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteavofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies ingentänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of geatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of geinfinitive marker before a verb.
geto givege · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tänktepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of genågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of geThen Fumle-Drumle came flying up to the chief with a twig from a thorn bush that had a few red rosehips on it.
Såthenså · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceFumle-DrumleFumle-Drumlefumle-Drumle · noun, genitive, neuter, pluralsubject of komfarandeflying upfarande · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of komframforwardfram · adverbmodifies komtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking hövdingenhövdingenchiefhövding · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of frammedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kvistenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kvistkvisttwigkvist · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking törnbuskeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of törnbusketörnbuskethorn bushtörnbuske · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kvistsomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of sattThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with sattsattwere on itsatt · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on kvistnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of nyponrödaredröd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies nyponnyponrose hipsnypon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sattpåonpå · prepositiondepends on satt“Here, you shall have this, Wind-Ile,” he said.
Härherehär · adverbmodifies fåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåfåhavefå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceVind-IleWind-IleVind-Ile · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies fåName of the crow leader, accusative use.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade“It’s fine food, well suited to you.”
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of matärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to matvackerbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies matmatfoodmat · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of passarThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
passarsuitedpassa · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on matåttoåt · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of passarWind-Ile snorted scornfully.
Vind-IleWind-IleVind-Ile · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseName of the crow leader.
fnystesnortedfnyste · conjunctionlinks the coordinationföraktligtscornfullyföraktlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with Vind-Ile“Do you think I want to eat old dry rosehips?” he said.
Trorthink/believeTror · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ätajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ätavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ätaätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of Trorgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies nypontorradrytorr · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies nyponnyponrose hipsnypon · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of ätasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade—“And here I thought you’d be glad to have them!” said Fumle-Drumle, and tossed the rosehip twig away as if in disappointment.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of »somwhosom · pronounsubject of troddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
troddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on jagattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bliduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of troddegladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliåtaboutåt · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of gladsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceFumle-DrumleFumle-DrumleFumle-Drumle · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of sadeProper name of a clumsy crow character.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslängdethrewslänga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadebortawaybort · adverbdepends on slängdenyponkvistenrosehip twignyponkvist · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of slängdeliksomas ifliksom · prepositionintroduces the clause of missmodiini · prepositionpreposition marking missmodmissmoddiscouragementmissmod · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralclause modifying nyponkvistenBut it fell down right in front of the boy, and he was not slow to grab hold of it and eat his fill.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenerdownner · adverbdepends on föllalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies föllframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of föllochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gripavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gripaintenotinte · particlemodifies varsenslowsen · adverbpart of the phrase varatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gripainfinitive marker before a verb.
gripaseizegripa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with föllfattholdfatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on gripaOccurs in the fixed idiom 'få/gripa fatt (i)', 'to get/grab hold (of)'.
iofi · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of gripaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gripasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ätamättfullmätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of äta'äta sig mätt' = eat one's fill.
- 54
When the crows had eaten, they began to talk.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ätitkråkornathe crowskråkorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ätithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ätitätiteatenäta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of börjadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of pratainfinitive marker before a verb.
pratato talkprata · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of började “What are you thinking about, Wind-Ile?
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of tänkertänkerthinktänka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkerpåaboutpå · prepositiondepends on tänkerVind-IleWind-IleVind-Ile · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tänkerName of the crow leader.
You’re so quiet today,” said one of them to the leader.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tystärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to tystsåsoså · adverbmodifies tysttystquiettyst · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseitodayi · prepositionmodifies tystdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase isadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to tystenoneman · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of sadeSurfaces are only "en"/"En" used as a counting pronoun ("en av dem" = "one of them"), not the indefinite generic pronoun man/en ("one does X"). Lemma is mistagged as man; it should be en (numeral pronoun "one"). Gloss "one" happens to still be correct.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralmodifies entilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking anförarenanförarenthe leaderanföraren · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sade—“I’m thinking that in this district there once lived a hen who was very fond of her mistress, and to give her real joy went and laid a clutch of eggs, which she hid under a barn floor.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkertänkerthinktänka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåthatpå · prepositiondepends on tänkeratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of levdeinfinitive marker before a verb.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking traktendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of traktenhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase dentraktenregiontrakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of levdelevdelivedleva · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tänkerenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hönaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hönahönahenhöna · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of levdesomwhosom · pronounsubject of gladThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gladmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on hönaåtofåt · prepositionpreposition marking matmorsinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of matmormatmormistressmatmor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gladOld word for the woman who runs the household/farm; tagged plural but used as singular here.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförin orderför · prepositionintroduces the clause of glädjaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of glädjainfinitive marker before a verb.
riktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies glädjaglädjato delightglädja · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gladhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of glädjagickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activecomplement of glädjaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvärptelaidvärpte · adverbcoordinated with gickenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kullkullhillockkull · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickäggeggägg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with gicksomwhichsom · pronoundirect object of gömdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gömdegömdehidgömde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on hönaunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking lagårdsgolvettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of lagårdsgolvlagårdsgolvbarn floorlagårdsgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gömdeThe whole time she brooded the eggs, she rejoiced at the thought of how glad the mistress would be over the chicks.
Helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ruvadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidenruvadebroodedruva · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceäggeneggsägg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of ruvadefröjdaderejoicedfröjda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ruvadehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fröjdadesigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of fröjdadevidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking tankentankenthoughttanke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fröjdadepåofpå · prepositionintroduces the clause of gladhurhowhur · adverbmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying tankenmatmodernthe mistressmatmodern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blithe woman/housewife who feeds the animals of a farm.
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fröjdadeåtaboutåt · prepositionpreposition marking kycklingarnakycklingarnathe chickskycklingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of bliThe mistress, of course, wondered where the hen was keeping herself for so long a time.
Matmodernthe mistressMatmodern · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undradeundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on höllförståsof courseförstås · adverbmodifies undradevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to höllhönanhenhöna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllwas stayinghålla · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencetillaroundtill · prepositionpreposition marking tidenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidsåsoså · adverbmodifies långlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höllShe searched for her but did not find her.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of söktesöktesearchedsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of söktemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfannfoundfann · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with söktehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of fannintenotinte · particlemodifies fannCan you guess, Long-Beak, who found her and the eggs?”
Kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gissaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gissagissaguessgissa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceLångnäbbLong-BeakLångnäbb · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of gissavemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singulardepends on fannsomwhosom · pronounsubject of fannThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
fannfoundfann · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Långnäbbhenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of fannochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationäggeneggsägg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with henne- 55
“I think I can guess it, Wind-Ile, but when you have told about this, I’ll tell something similar.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkertänkerthinktänka · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on berättaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gissajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gissakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gissagissaguessgissa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tänkerdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gissaVind-IleWind-IleVind-Ile · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to tänkerName of the crow leader.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of talatduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talattalattalkedtala · verb, active, supinecoordinated with tänkeromaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of talatsåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on berättaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of berättajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättaberättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencenågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of liknandeliknandesimilarliknande · adjective, nominativedirect object of berätta Do you remember the big black cat at Hinneryd parsonage?
KommercomeKomma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Kommersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
ihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on Kommeronly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of storastorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies prästgårdweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
svartablacksvart · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kattankattanthe catkatta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to storaiati · prepositionpreposition marking HinnerydsHinnerydsHinneryd'sHinneryds · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kattanprästgårdparsonageprästgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of KommerShe was displeased with the master’s household, because they always took the newborn kittens from her and drowned them.
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of missnöjdvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to missnöjdmissnöjddispleasedmissnöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking husbondfolkethusbondfolketmaster's householdhusbondfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of missnöjddärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of togoattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därfördetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of togoalltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies togotogotooktogo · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on missnöjdOld plural past tense of taga/ta ('to take').
detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ungarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
nyföddanewbornnyfödd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ungarnaungarnakittensunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of togoifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularmodifies ungarnaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdränktedrowneddränka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with togodemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of dränkteOnly once did she manage to keep them hidden, and that was when she had put them in a haystack
Intenotinte · particlemodifies mermeronlymycket · adverbmodifies enänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase merenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singulardeterminer of gångendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lyckadeslyckadesmanagedlyckades · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyckadeshållato keep hiddenhålla · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lyckadesdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of hållagömdahiddengömed · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of hållaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lyckadesnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lagthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lagthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lagtlagtlaidlägga · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on vardemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of lagtiini · prepositionpreposition marking halmstackenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of halmstackhalmstackstraw stackhalmstack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of lagt- 56
out in the field.
uteoutsideute · adverbhead of the phraseiini · prepositionpreposition marking markenmarkengroundmark · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ute She was, to be sure, quite pleased with the kittens, but I think I got more joy out of them, I did, than she.”
Honshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nöjdvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to nöjdnogto be surenog · adverbmodifies nöjdsåquiteså · adverbmodifies nöjdnöjdpleasednöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ungarnadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ungarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
ungarnakittensunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of nöjdmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with nöjdattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fickjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickgotfå · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of trormermoremycket · adverbmodifies glädjeglädjejoyglädje · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of fickjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to demänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with fick- 57
Now they all grew so eager that they kept interrupting each other.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies blevoblevobecameblevo · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencelemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became).
allihopall of themallihop · pronoun, pluralmodifies blevosåsoså · adverbmodifies ivrigaivrigaeagerivrig · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on blevoattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of föllodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fölloföllofellföllo · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blevoArchaic plural past of falla.
varandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of fölloiinterruptingi · prepositionpreposition marking talettalettalktal · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of föllo “What kind of skill is it to steal eggs and young ones?” said one.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vaddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Vadförkind offör · prepositionpreposition marking konstkonstartkonst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Vadatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of stjälainfinitive marker before a verb.
stjälato stealstjäla · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying konstäggeggsägg · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of stjälaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmåungaryoung onessmåung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with äggsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of sade“I once hunted a young hare that was nearly full-grown.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of jagatenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies jagatjagathuntedjagad · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of unghareunghareyoung hareunghare · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of jagatsomthatsom · pronounsubject of fullvuxenThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to fullvuxennärapånearlynärapå · adverbmodifies fullvuxenfullvuxenfull-grownfullvuxen · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on unghareIt was a matter of following him from thicket to thicket.”
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of följavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to följaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of följainfinitive marker before a verb.
följato followfölja · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of följaurout ofur · prepositionintroduces the clause of snårsnårthicketsnår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of följaitoi · prepositionpreposition marking snårsnårthicketsnår · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies snårShe got no further before another took the word from her.
LängrefartherLängre · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komintenotinte · particlemodifies komförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies annanused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of annanannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to komordetwordord · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of togifrånfromifrån · prepositionpreposition marking hennehenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tog“It may well be amusing to cause hens and cats vexation, but I find it still more remarkable that a crow can bring a human being trouble.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lustigtkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lustigtnogwellnog · adverbmodifies lustigtvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to lustigtlustigtamusinglustig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vållainfinitive marker before a verb.
vållacausevålla · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lustigthönshenshöns · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of vållaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkattorcatskattor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with hönsförargelsevexationförargelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hönsmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationändåstilländå · adverbmodifies märkvärdigaremärkvärdigareremarkablymärkvärdig · adverbmodifies finnerfinnerfindsfinna · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with lustigtjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnerdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of finnerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skaffaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kråkakråkacrowkråka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skaffakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skaffaskaffato getskaffa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of finnerenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies förtretförtretvexationförtr · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of skaffaLemma is a truncated form of 'förtret' (vexation/trouble).
I once stole a silver spoon...
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stalstalstolestal · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasePast tense of the verb 'stjäla' (to steal); mistagged as a noun.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stalenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of silverskedsilverskedsilver spoonsilversked · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrase- 58
But now the boy thought he was too good to sit and listen to such talk.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to godförtooför · adverbmodifies godgodgoodgod · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of tyckteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of sittainfinitive marker before a verb.
sittato sitsitta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on godochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sittapåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking snacksådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies snacksnacktalksnack · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sitta “No, listen now, crows!” he said.
Nejnonej · interjectionsubject of hörhörhearshöra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies hörkråkorcrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hörsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade“I think you ought to be ashamed to talk of all your wickedness.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive skämmassecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
bordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skämmasBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
skämmasbe ashamedskämma · verb, passive, infinitiveclausal complement of tyckerförofför · prepositionintroduces the clause of talaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of talainfinitive marker before a verb.
talato speaktala · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skämmasomofom · prepositionpreposition marking elakhetallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of elakheteryouni · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of elakhetelakhetwickednesselakhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of talaI have lived among wild geese for three weeks, and from them I have seen and heard nothing but good.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelevatlivedlevat · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of harMistagged as a noun; this is the supine of the verb 'leva' ('to live').
blandamongbland · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässvildgässwild geesevildgäss · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of harifori · prepositionpreposition marking veckortrethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies veckorveckorweeksvecka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies vildgässochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of settharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of settjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settintenotinte · particlemodifies settsettseense · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with harBackbone mistags this as an adjective; the surface (sett) is the supine of se, 'to see'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinecoordinated with settannatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase settänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase annatgottgoodgott · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies settYou must have a poor chief, who lets you rob and murder in that way.
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
måttemustmåtte · particlemodifies haModal particle expressing a confident inference (must have) or, rarely, a wish (may).
hato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hövdingdåligbaddålig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hövdinghövdingchiefhövding · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hasomwhosom · pronounsubject of låterThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
låterletslåta · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on hövdingeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of låterrövato robröva · verb, active, infinitivedirect object of låterochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmördamurdermörda · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with rövapåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking detdetthaten · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies mördathis type bundles three distinct functions of the neuter forms det/ett under one entry.
därtheredär · adverbmodifies låtersättetwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of låterYou ought to begin a different life, for I can tell you that people have become so fed up with your wickedness that they’re trying with all their might to root you out.
Niyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
bordeought toböra · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of börjaBare borde is simple past modal ("ought to"/"should"); the perfect sense ("ought to have") only appears when borde is followed by ha + supine in the sentence, as in three of the four examples — the fourth ("borde släppa taget") has no ha and translates as plain "ought to."
alltought toallt · adverbmodifies börjabörjato beginbörja · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of livannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies livlivlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of börjaförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of talajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talatalato speaktala · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with börjaomtellom · prepositiondepends on talaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of talaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blifvitmänniskornapeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of blifvitharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blifvitblifvitbecomeblif · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralclausal complement of talasåsoså · adverbmodifies uppledsnauppledsnafed upuppledsen · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of blifvitpåwithpå · prepositionpreposition marking ondskaeryouni · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of ondskaondskawickednessondska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppledsnaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of försökerdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of försökermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking maktallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of maktmaktpowermakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of försökerförsökertriesförsöka · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on talaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of rotainfinitive marker before a verb.
rotaroot outrota · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökerutoutut · adverbdepends on rotaeryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of rotaAnd then it’ll surely soon be all over for you.”
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies blilärwill surelylära · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of blidetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blinogsurelynog · adverbmodifies blisnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceslutoverslut · adjective, nominativecomplement of blimedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ereryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of bli- 59
When Wind-Ile and the crows heard this, they grew so angry that they meant to fall upon the boy and tear him to pieces.
Närwhennär · adverbmodifies blevoFunctions as a subordinating conjunction, not an adverb.
Vind-IleWind-Ilevind-Ile · adjective, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase Närochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkråkornacrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Vind-Iledettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hördeblevobecameblevo · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencelemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became).
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of blevosåsoså · adverbmodifies ondaondaangryond · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies blevoattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kastadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kastaämnadeintended toämna · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on kastaActually the past tense of the verb ämna "to intend", mislabeled as an adjective.
kastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of blevosigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kastaöveruponöver · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kastaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslitato tearslita · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kastasönderapart/brokensönder · adverbdepends on slitahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of slita But Fumle-Drumle laughed and cawed and placed himself in front of him.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationFumle-DrumleFumle-Drumlefumle-Drumle · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of skrattadeproper name of a crow character; keep untranslated.
skrattadelaughedskratta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkraxadecawedkraxa · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with skrattadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationställdeplaced himselfställa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with skrattadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ställdeframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ställde“No, no, no!” he said, seeming quite frightened.
Nejnonej · interjectionhead of the phrasenejnonej · interjectioncoordinated with Nejnejnonej · interjectioncoordinated with Nejsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nejhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtycktesseemedtycktes · verb, past, indicativecoordinated with sadeblito becomebli · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sadealldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies förskräcktförskräcktfrightenedförskräcka · verb, active, supinecomplement of bli“What do you think Wind-Kåra will say if you tear Thumbietot to pieces before he’s gotten us the silver money?”
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trorsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
Vind-KåraWind-KåraVind-Kåra · proper noun, nominativesubject of sägaCrow character's name.
skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of troromifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of riverniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of riversecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
rivertear apartriva · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on trorsönderapart/brokensönder · adverbdepends on riverTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativedirect object of riverthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
innanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skaffathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skaffatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skaffatskaffatobtainedskaffaa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on TummetottLemma spelled with a doubled final vowel; the modern lemma is 'skaffa' (to get/obtain).
ossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralindirect object of skaffatsilverpengarnathe silver coinssilverpengarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of skaffat—“It would be just like you, Fumle-Drumle, to be afraid of womenfolk,” said Ile, but in any case both he and the others left Thumbietot in peace.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with duskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of duvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to duduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseFumle-DrumleFumle-DrumleFumle-Drumle · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with duProper name of a clumsy crow character.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of räddThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on Fumle-Drumleförofför · prepositionpreposition marking kvinnfolkkvinnfolkwomenfolkkvinnfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of räddsadesaidsaa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to dulemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms.
IleIleIle · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiin any casei · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of lämnadelämnadeleftlämna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with dubådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lämnadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of TummetottSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
andraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies TummetottTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with lämnadethe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
iini · prepositionmodifies Tummetottfredpeacefred · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase i- 60
Shortly after, the crows moved on.
Kortshortlykort · adverbmodifies drogodärefterafterwarddärefter · adverbmodifies drogodrogomoved ondrogo · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kråkornapast plural of dra ('to draw/pull'); mistagged as adjective.
kråkornacrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasevidarefurthervidare · adverbmodifies kråkorna Up to now the boy had been thinking to himself that Småland was not as poor a land as he had heard.
Alltup to nowAlln · adverbmodifies tänktLemma should be 'all'/'allt'; surface 'Allt' means 'all/entirely'.
hittillsso farhittills · adverbpart of the phrase Allthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tänktpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkttänktthoughttänka · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of tänktsjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sigattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of landSmålandSmålandSmåland · proper noun, nominativesubject of landintenotinte · particlemodifies landvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to landettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landsåasså · adverbmodifies fattigtfattigtpoorfattig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on tänktsomassom · pronoundirect object of hörtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinerelative clause on landIt was certainly wooded and full of ridges, but along the streams and lakes lay cultivated land, and he had not come across any real desolation.
Nogcertainlynog · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to skogigtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with skogigtskogigtwoodedskogig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfulltfullfull · adverbmodifies bergåsarAdverbial use of full/fullt, e.g. 'fullt så' = 'quite as'.
avofav · prepositionpreposition marking bergåsarbergåsarridgesbergås · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of skogigtmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationutmedalongutmed · prepositionpreposition marking åaråarstreamsåar · nounoblique complement of lågoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjöarlakessjö · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with åarlågolaylågo · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies markermistagged as a noun; this is the archaic plural past tense of ligga 'to lie' (they lay).
odladecultivatedodlad · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies markermarkerlandsmark · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with bergåsarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnågonanynågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ödslighetriktigrealriktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ödslighetödslighetdesolationödslighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of råkathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of råkathanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of råkatintenotinte · particlemodifies råkatråkatcome uponråka · verb, active, supinerelative clause on bergåsarpåacrosspå · prepositiondepends on råkatBut the farther inland they came, the rarer the villages and cottages became.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjutheju · adverbmodifies längrelängrefartherlänge · adverbmodifies inininin · adverbmodifies kommoiini · prepositionpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of indetheyen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kommoSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
kommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencekommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
destothedesto · adverbmodifies sällsyntaresällsyntarerarersällsynt · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies blevoblevobecameblevo · verb, active, supineoblique complement of kommolemma should be bli 'to become'; blevo is the archaic plural past tense (they became).
byarnathe villagesbyarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kommoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstugornathe cottagesstugorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with byarnaAt last he thought he was flying over a real wasteland, where he saw nothing but bogs and heaths and juniper knolls.
Tillat lasttill · prepositionmodifies tycktesistlastsist · adverbpart of the phrase Tilltycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of forhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of forforwas flyingfor · prepositionadverbial clause on tycktePast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
framforwardfram · adverbpart of the phrase foröveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking ökenlandettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ökenlandriktigtrealriktig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ökenlandökenlandwastelandökenland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fordärtheredär · adverbmodifies såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågintenotinte · particlemodifies sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on ökenlandpast tense of se, 'to see.'
annatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies sågänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of mossarmossarbogsmoss · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sågochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhedarheathshed · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with mossarthe surface 'heder' here is actually the unrelated noun 'heder' (honor), not a plural of 'hed' (heath).
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenbackarjuniper knollsenback · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with mossar- 61
The sun had set, but it was still full daylight when the crows reached the great heather heath.
Solenthe sunsole · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nergångenvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to nergångennergångensetnergång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of dagervarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to dagerännustillännu · adverbmodifies fullfullfullfull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dagerdagerdaylightdager · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with nergångennärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nåddekråkornacrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of nåddenåddereachednåda · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on dagerdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ljunghedenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies ljunghedenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
ljunghedenheathljunghede · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of nådde Wind-Ile sent a crow ahead to report that he had succeeded, and when this became known, Wind-Kåra rose with several hundred crows from Kråkåsen to meet the ones arriving.
Vind-IleWind-Ilevind-Ile · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on sändesändesentsän · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLemma is a truncated form of sända; surface sände is the past tense, 'sent'.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kråkakråkacrowkråka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sändeiaheadi · prepositionmodifies sändeförvägadvanceförväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iAlmost always in the phrase 'i förväg', meaning 'ahead/in advance'.
förtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of berättaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of berättainfinitive marker before a verb.
berättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sändeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hafthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supineclausal complement of berättaframgångsuccessframgång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haftochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionmodifies käntdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of käntblevbecamebli · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activepassive auxiliary of käntkäntknownkänd · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with haftTwo of the four examples use känt as the supine of känna ("felt"), a homograph of the adjective känd ("known") tagged under the same type.
lyfteliftedlyfte · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sändeVind-KåraWind-KåraVind-Kåra · proper noun, nominativedirect object of lyfteCrow character's name.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kråkorfleraseveralflera · adjective, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase medhundrahundredhundra · numeral, nominativequantifies kråkorkråkorcrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of lyftefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking KråkåsenKråkåsenKråkåsenKråkåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lyftePlace name, "Crow Ridge", home of the crow flock.
förtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of mötaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of mötainfinitive marker before a verb.
mötato meetmöta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on lyftedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of ankommandeSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
ankommandearrivingankomma · adjective, nominativedirect object of mötaIn the midst of the deafening cawing that the welcoming crows raised, Fumle-Drumle now said to the boy: “You’ve been so cheerful and merry on the journey that I’ve really come to like you.
Mittunderin the midst ofMittunder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseFunctions as the preposition/adverb 'mittunder' (in the very midst of), not as a noun.
dettheden · determiner, neuter, singularsubject of Mittunderbedövandedeafeningbedövande · adjective, nominativemodifies kraxandekraxandecawingkraxande · adjective, nominativesubject of Mittundersomthatsom · pronoundirect object of upphävdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kråkornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
mötandeapproachingmöta · adjective, nominativemodifies kråkornakråkornacrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of upphävdeupphävderaisedupphävdea · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on kraxandesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Mittundernunownu · adverbmodifies sadeFumle-DrumleFumle-DrumleFumle-Drumle · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of sadeProper name of a clumsy crow character.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadeDuyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lustigharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lustigvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to lustigsåsoså · adverbmodifies lustiglustigmerrylustig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with lustigunderduringunder · prepositionpreposition marking resanresanjourneyresa · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lustigattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tyckerjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckerriktigttrulyriktig · adverbmodifies tyckertyckerthinktycka · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on lustigomlikeom · prepositiondepends on tyckerdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tyckerSo I want to give you a piece of good advice.
Därförsodärför · adverbmodifies gevillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gegeto givege · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of geettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of rådgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies rådrådadviceråd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of geAs soon as we land, you’ll be asked to do a piece of work that may seem very easy to you.
Såasså · adverbmodifies slårsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies Såsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slårviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of slårslårlandslå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on blirnerdownner · adverbdepends on slårblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirombeddaskedombedd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of utförainfinitive marker before a verb.
utförato carry oututföra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of blirettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of arbetearbeteworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of utförasomthatsom · pronounsubject of synasThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of synassynasseemsyna · verb, passive, infinitiverelative clause on arbetedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of synasmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies lättlätteasylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies synasch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
But be careful not to do it!”
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationaktabe carefulakta · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of aktaförofför · prepositionintroduces the clause of göraatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on aktadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of göra- 62
Directly after, Fumle-Drumle set Nils Holgersson down on the bottom of a sand pit.
Straxdirectlystrax · adverbmodifies sattedärefterafterwarddärefter · adverbmodifies sattesattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
Fumle-DrumleFumle-DrumleFumle-Drumle · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of satteProper name of a clumsy crow character.
nerdownner · adverbdepends on satteNilsNilsNils · proper noun, nominativedirect object of satteHolgerssonHolgerssonHolgersson · proper noun, nominativedepends on Nilspåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking bottnenbottnenbottombottn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satteavofav · prepositionpreposition marking sandgropenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sandgropsandgropsand pitsandgrop · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bottnen The boy threw himself down and lay still, as though he were quite overcome with weariness.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastadekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kastadeomkulloveromkull · adverbmodifies kastadeUsed with verbs of falling/knocking, e.g. 'slog omkull' = 'knocked over'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kastadeliggandelyingliggande · adjective, nominativemodifies blevsomas thoughsom · pronounintroduces the clause of varitThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of varitvaritbeenvara · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on kastadeförbipastförbi · adverbdepends on varitavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking trötthettrötthetwearinesströtthet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varitSo many crows flapped about him that the air roared like a storm, but he did not look up.
Såsoså · adverbmodifies mångamångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies kråkorkråkorcrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of flaxadeflaxadeflappedflaxa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flaxadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of brusadeluftenairluft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brusadebrusaderoaredbrusa · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on flaxadesomlikesom · prepositionpreposition marking stormFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stormstormstormstorm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of brusademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flaxadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
intenotinte · particlemodifies såguppupupp · adverbdepends on såg- 63
“Thumbietot,” said Wind-Ile, “get up now!
TummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadethe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
sadesaidsaa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencelemma should be säga 'to say'; sade/sa are its past-tense forms.
Vind-IleWind-IleVind-Ile · proper noun, nominativemodifies sadestigget upstig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sadeMostly the noun 'stig' (path), mistagged as an adjective; one example is instead the imperative 'stig opp!' (get up!) of the verb stiga.
nunownu · adverbmodifies oppoppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stigmistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
You’re to help us now with something that’s very easy for you.”
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hjälpaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hjälpanunownu · adverbmodifies hjälpahjälpahelphjälpa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluraldirect object of hjälpamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking sakenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of saksakthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hjälpasomthatsom · pronounsubject of lättThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lättmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies lättlätteasylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on sakch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
förforför · prepositionpreposition marking digdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lätt- 64
But the boy did not stir, but pretended he was asleep.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rörderördestirredröra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of rördeintenotinte · particlemodifies rördeutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
låtsadepretendedlåtsa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rördesomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sovomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sovhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sovsovsleptsova · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on låtsade Then Wind-Ile took him by the arm and dragged him across the sand to a clay jar of old-fashioned shape, standing in the middle of the pit.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceVind-IleWind-IleVind-Ile · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of togName of the crow leader, accusative use.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of togvidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking armenarmenarmarm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsläpadedraggedsläpa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with armenhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of släpadeframforwardfram · adverbmodifies släpadeöveracrossöver · prepositionpreposition marking sandensandensandsand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking lerkrukaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lerkrukalerkrukaclay jarlerkruka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togavofav · prepositionpreposition marking fasongammaldagsold-fashionedgammaldags · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies fasonfasonshapefason · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lerkrukasomthatsom · pronounsubject of stodThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on fasonmittin the middlemitt · adverbdepends on stodiini · prepositionpreposition marking gropengropenpitgrop · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stod“Get up, Thumbietot,” he said, “and open this jar!”
Resget upRes · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ResTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Resthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Reshanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationöppnaopenöppen · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with sadedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of krukanhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase denkrukanthe jarkrukan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of öppna—“Why can’t you let me sleep?” said the boy.
Varförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies låtakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtaintenotinte · particlemodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of låtafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of sovasovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade“I’m too tired to do anything tonight.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tröttärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to tröttförtooför · adverbmodifies trötttrötttiredtrött · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
göradogöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tröttnågotanythingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of göraitonighti · prepositionpreposition marking kvällkvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of göraWait till tomorrow!”
VäntawaitVänta · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencetilluntiltill · prepositiondepends on Väntaitomorrowi · prepositionmodifies tillmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase i- 65
“Open the jar!” said Wind-Ile, shaking him.
ÖppnaopenÖppna · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies krukankrukanthe jarkrukan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesadesaidsa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceVind-IleWind-Ilevind-Ile · noun, common gendersubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskakadeshookskaka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Vind-Ilehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of skakade The boy then sat up and examined the jar carefully.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattesattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sattedåthendå · adverbmodifies satteuppupupp · adverbdepends on satteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmönstradeexaminedmönstra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies krukankrukanthe jarkrukan · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sattenogacarefullynoga · adverbmodifies satte“How am I, a poor child, supposed to open a jar like that?
Hurhowhur · adverbmodifies öppnaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of öppnajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of öppnafattigapoorfattig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies barnbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with jagkunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of öppnaöppnato openöppna · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of krukasådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies krukasån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
krukajarkruka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of öppnaWhy, it’s as big as I am myself.”
Denitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of storärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to storjuwhyju · adverbmodifies storlikaequallylika · adverbmodifies storstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of jagjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on storsjälvmyselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying jag—“Open it!” commanded Wind-Ile once more.
ÖppnaopenÖppna · adjective, nominative, singularhead of the phrasedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardepends on Öppnabefalldecommandedbefallde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceVind-IleWind-Ilevind-Ile · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of befalldeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionmodifies befalldeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of befallde“Or it’ll go badly for you.”
Annarsotherwiseannars · adverbmodifies gåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of gåillabadlyilla · adverbmodifies gåThe boy got up, tottered over to the jar, felt at the lid, and let his arms sink.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of resterestegot upresa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of restevackladetotteredvackla · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on resteframforwardfram · adverbmodifies vackladetilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking krukankrukanthe jarkrukan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of framkändefeltkän · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with restePast tense 'kände' of känna, here in the sense 'recognized'; same surface as käna but a distinct sense of the polysemous verb.
påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking locketlocketlidlock · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlätletlät · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kändearmarnathe armsarmarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lätsjunkato sinksjunka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lät“I’m not usually this weak,” he said.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukarbrukartends tobruka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies brukarvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to svagsåthisså · adverbmodifies svaghärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase såsvagweaksvag · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of brukarsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with brukarhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade“If you’ll only let me sleep till tomorrow, I think I’ll manage to get the better of the lid.”
Omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of låtaniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtasecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies låtavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on trormigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of låtasovasleepsova · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtatilluntiltill · prepositiondepends on sovaitomorrowi · prepositionmodifies sovamorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase itrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trornogmanagenog · adverbmodifies trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåovercomefå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trorbuktthe better ofbukt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking locketlocketlidlock · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of få- 66
But Wind-Ile was impatient, and he rushed forward and pinched the boy’s leg.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationVind-IleWind-Ilevind-Ile · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of otåligvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to otåligotåligimpatientotålig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rusaderusaderushedrusa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with otåligframforwardfram · adverbdepends on rusadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnöpnippednöp · verb, imperative, activecoordinated with rusadePast tense of 'nypa' (to nip/pinch), mistagged here as imperative.
pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of nöpioni · prepositionpreposition marking benetbenetlegben · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies pojkenben can mean either 'leg' or 'bone' depending on context.
Such treatment the boy would not put up with from a crow.
SådansuchSådan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies behandlingbehandlingtreatmentbehandling · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tålavillewanted tovilja · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tålaintenotinte · particlemodifies tålapojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tålatålaput up withtåla · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking kråkaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kråkakråkacrowkråka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tålaHe quickly tore himself loose, sprang a couple of steps backward, drew his knife from its sheath, and held it stretched out before him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ryckterycktetuggedrycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of rycktehastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies löslöslooselös · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of rycktesprangransprang · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ryckteettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies stegstegstepsstiga · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of sprang'Steg' = steps/paces, despite the lemma 'stiga' (to climb/rise).
baklängesbackwardsbaklänge · verb, passive, infinitivedirect object of sprangFunctions as an adverb, not a verb.
drogpulleddra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rycktesinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of knivknivknifekniv · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of drogurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking slidanslidanthe sheathslida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of drogochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhöllheldhålla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rycktedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of höllutsträcktoutstretchedutsträcka · verb, active, supinecomplement of höllframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of höll“You watch out!” he shouted at Wind-Ile.
Aktawatch out!Akta · adverbmodifies ropadeimperative of akta sig ('to be careful/watch out'), not a true adverb.
digyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Aktaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Aktaropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadetillattill · prepositionpreposition marking Vind-IleVind-IleWind-IleVind-Ile · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of ropade- 67
He, however, was so embittered that he did not swerve aside from the danger.
DenneheDenne · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of förbittradvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to förbittradlikvälhoweverlikväl · adverbmodifies förbittradsåsoså · adverbpart of the phrase likvälförbittradembitteredförbittrad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of väjdehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väjdeintenotinte · particlemodifies väjdeväjdeswervedväjde · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on förbittradundanasideundan · adverbdepends on väjdeförfromför · prepositionpreposition marking faranfaranthe dangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of väjdesome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
Quite as if he had been blind, he rushed at the boy and came so squarely against the knife that it drove through his eye into his brain.
Alldelesquitealldeles · adverbintroduces the clause of blindsomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blindomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blindhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blindhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of blindvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to blindblindblindblind · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on störtadestörtaderushedstörta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of störtademotatmot · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of störtadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with störtadesåsoså · adverbmodifies komrättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommotagainstmot · prepositionpreposition marking knivenknivenknifekniv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of trängdedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of trängdeträngdedrove throughträngdema · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on komgenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking ögahanshishan · pronounpossessor of ögaögaeyeöga · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of trängdeininin · adverbmodifies trängdeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking hjärnanhjärnanbrainhjärna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of inThe boy quickly drew the knife back, but Wind-Ile only beat out with his wings.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drogdrogdrewdrog · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies drogkniventhe knifekniv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of drogtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on drogmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationVind-IleWind-IleVind-Ile · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on slogName of the crow leader.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies slogslogbeatslå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with drogLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
utoutut · adverbdepends on slogmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vingarnavingarnathe wingsvingarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sloglemma should be vinge 'wing'.
Then he sank down dead.
Sedanthensedan · adverbmodifies sjönksjönksanksjönk · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sjönknerdownner · adverbdepends on sjönkdöddeaddöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sjönkExamples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival.
- 68
“Wind-Ile is dead!
Vind-IleWind-Ilevind-Ile · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to döddöddeaddöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Vind-IleExamples mix the noun (döden) with adjectival uses (död gås); flag if the occurrence is adjectival.
The stranger has killed our chief Wind-Ile!” shouted the nearest crows, and then a terrible uproar arose.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singularhead of the phrasefrämmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativemodifies dödatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of dödatdödatkilleddöda · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Denvårourvi · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of hövdingMistagged as a pronoun under lemma vi; vår here is the possessive "our", not the pronoun "we".
hövdingchiefhövding · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of dödatVind-IleWind-IleVind-Ile · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of dödatName of the crow leader, accusative use.
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kråkornaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
närmastenearestnära · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies kråkornakråkornacrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of ropadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdärefterafterwarddärefter · adverbmodifies uppstoduppstodaroseuppstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ropadeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of oväsenförfärligtterribleförfärlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies oväsenoväsencommotionoväsen · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of uppstodSome lamented, others cried out for revenge.
Somligasomesomlig · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of jämradejämrademoanedjämra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of jämradeandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralsubject of ropaderopadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with jämradepåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking hämndhämndrevengehämnd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ropadeAll of them rushed or flapped toward the boy with Fumle-Drumle in the lead.
Allesammansall of themAllesammans · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of sprungosprungoransprungo · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseTagged as a noun but is the historical past-plural of springa, 'to run' (cf. voro, gingo).
elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflaxadeflappedflaxa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sprungoframforwardfram · adverbdepends on flaxademottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flaxademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking Fumle-DrumleFumle-DrumleFumle-DrumleFumle-Drumle · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies pojkeniini · prepositionpreposition marking spetsenspetsenfront/headspetse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Fumle-Drumlei spetsen = 'at the head/front' (of a line).
But he behaved, as usual, foolishly.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of barbarcarriedba · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceTagged present tense, but every occurrence is the old preterite of bära ("carried"), not the present.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of barsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of galetvanligtusualvanlig · adverbmodifies galetAppears in the fixed phrase 'som vanligt' (as usual).
galetfoolishlygale · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of baråtin that wayåt · prepositiondepends on barHe merely flapped his outspread wings over the boy and kept the others from getting at him and driving their beaks into him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of flaxadebarajustbara · adverbmodifies flaxadeflaxadeflappedflaxa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vingarutbreddaoutspreadutbredd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vingarvingarwingsving · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of flaxadeöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flaxadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhindradehinderedhindra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flaxadedetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of hindradesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
andraothersannan · pronoun, pluraldirect object of hindradeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hindradeframforwardfram · adverbdepends on kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationborradrivingborra · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommach04-p17-s6 uses borra for driving beaks into someone; ch43-p29-s4 uses it literally for drilling blast-holes. The fixed gloss 'to bore' does not naturally render both uses.
näbbarnabeaksnäbb · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of borraiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of borra- 69
Now the boy thought that he was in a truly bad way.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencealltallall · adverbmodifies tycktepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ställtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ställtillabadlyilla · adverbmodifies ställtställtput/placedställa · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on tyckteförforför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of ställt He couldn’t run away from the crows, and there was no place where he could hide.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies springakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of springahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of springaspringato runspringa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceOne cited example uses the homograph springa "slit/crack" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb "to run".
undanawayundan · adverbdepends on springakråkornacrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of springaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativecoordinated with springaexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsnågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ställeställeplaceställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fannsdärtheredär · adverbmodifies gömmahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gömmakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gömmagömmato hidegömma · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on ställesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gömmaBut then he came to think of the clay jar.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tänkainfinitive marker before a verb.
tänkato thinktänka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kompåaboutpå · prepositionpreposition marking lerkrukanlerkrukanclay jarlerkruka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänkaHe took a hard grip on the lid and tore it off.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of taghäftigtviolenthäftig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tagtaggriptag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of togioni · prepositionpreposition marking locketlocketlidlock · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of togochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrycktetuggedrycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with togavoffav · prepositiondepends on rycktedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of ryckteThen he jumped up into the jar to hide himself in it.
Därpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbdirect object of hoppadehoppadejumpedhoppa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hoppadeuppupupp · adverbdepends on hoppadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking krukankrukanthe jarkrukan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hoppadeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of gömmaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gömmainfinitive marker before a verb.
gömmato hidegömma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hoppadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gömmaiini · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of gömmaBut it was a poor hiding place, for it was almost full to the brim with small, thin silver coins.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of gömställevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gömställeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of gömställedåligtbaddålig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gömställegömställehiding placegömställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseförforför · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of fullvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activepreposition marking randennästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies randentilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking randenrandenbrimrand · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of fullfullfullfull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying gömställeavwithav · prepositionpreposition marking silverslantarsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies silverslantartunnathintunn · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies silverslantarsilverslantarsilver coinssilverslanet · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of fullThe boy did not sink deep enough down into it.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies komnogenoughnog · adverbmodifies komdjuptdeeplydjup · adverbmodifies komnerdownner · adverbdepends on komiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of komSo he bent down and began throwing out the coins.
Dåsodå · adverbmodifies böjdeböjdebentböja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of böjdesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of böjdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with böjdekastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadeutoutut · adverbdepends on kastaslantarnathe coinsslantarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kasta- 70
Up until now the crows had been flapping around him in a dense swarm, snapping at him, but when he threw out the coins, they at once forgot their thirst for revenge and hurried to snatch them up.
Ändaup untilända · adverbmodifies hittillshittillsso farhittills · adverbmodifies flaxathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of flaxatkråkornacrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of flaxatflaxatflappedflaxat · adverbhead of the phraseomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flaxatiini · prepositionpreposition marking svärmtätthicktät · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies svärmsvärmswarmsvärm · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flaxatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhuggitsnappinghugga · verb, active, supinecoordinated with flaxatefteratefter · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of huggitmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kastadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastadekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flaxatutoutut · adverbdepends on kastadeslantarnathe coinsslantarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kastadeglömdeforgotglömde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with flaxatdetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of glömdemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hämndlystnadensat onceens · pronounpossessor of hämndlystnadsintheirsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of hämndlystnadhämndlystnadthirst for revengehämndlystnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of glömdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskyndadehurriedskynda · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with glömdeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of plockainfinitive marker before a verb.
plockato pickplocka · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skyndade The boy flung out money by the fistful, and all the crows, yes, even Wind-Kåra herself, caught them up.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slängdeslängdethrewslänga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceutoutut · adverbdepends on slängdepengarmoneypengar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of slängdenävtalsby the fistfulnävtals · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of slängdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of kråkornakråkornathe crowskråkorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fångadejayesja · interjectionin apposition to kråkornasjälvaevensjälv · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies Vind-KåraVind-KåraWind-KåraVind-Kåra · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with kråkornaCrow character's name.
fångadecaughtfånga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with slängdeuppupupp · adverbdepends on fångadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of fångadeAnd every one who managed to get hold of a coin flew off in the greatest haste to its nest to hide it.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phrasethe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
ochandoch · conjunctionpart of the phrase varenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase varsomwhosom · pronounsubject of lyckadesThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
lyckadessucceededlycka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on varImpersonal 'det lyckades honom' = 'he succeeded'; lemma should be 'lyckas'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fågetfå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of lyckadesfattholdfatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on fåOccurs in the fixed idiom 'få/gripa fatt (i)', 'to get/grab hold (of)'.
iofi · prepositionpreposition marking penningenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of penningpenningcoinpenning · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåforflewfor · prepositionpreposition marking hastPast tense of fara (to travel/fly, here of tomte-Nils and geese in flight); mistagged as a preposition. Translation renders it "flew"/"passing over" far more often than "traveled".
iini · prepositionpreposition marking haststörstabiggeststor · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies hasthasthastehast · nounoblique complement of varbortawaybort · adverbmodifies vartilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking boetboetthe nestbo · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of varförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of gömmaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gömmainfinitive marker before a verb.
gömmato hidegömma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vardenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of gömma- 71
When the boy had thrown all the silver coins out of the jar, he looked up.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kastatpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kastatkastatthrownkasta · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sågutoutut · adverbdepends on kastatallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of silverpengarnasilverpengarnathe silver coinssilverpengarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of kastaturout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking krukankrukanthe jarkrukan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies silverpengarnasågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of såguppupupp · adverbdepends on såg Not more than a single crow remained in the sand pit.
Intenotinte · particlemodifies mermermoremycket · adverbmodifies enänthanän · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase merenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularquantifies kråkaendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies kråkakråkacrowkråka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
kvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on fannsiini · prepositionpreposition marking sandgropensandgropenthe sand pitsandgropen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsIt was Fumle-Drumle with the white feather in his wing, the one who had carried him.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of Fumle-Drumlevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to Fumle-DrumleFumle-DrumleFumle-Drumlefumle-Drumle · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vitfjädernvitfjädernwhite feathervitfjäder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Fumle-Drumleiini · prepositionpreposition marking vingenvingenwingving · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Fumle-Drumlehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on Fumle-Drumlesomwhosom · pronounsubject of buritThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of buritburitcarriedburi · verb, active, supinedepends on Fumle-Drumlehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of burit“You’ve done me a greater service, Thumbietot, than you yourself realize,” said the crow, in a wholly different voice and tone than before, “and I want to save your life.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjortharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of gjortenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tjänststörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies tjänsttjänstservicetjänst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjortTummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with gjortthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
änthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förstårduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstårsjälvyourselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying duförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Tummetottsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to gjortkråkancrowkråka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking röstheltquitehelt · adverbmodifies annanannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies röströstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tonfallannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tonfalltonfalltonetonfall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sadeänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förutförutbeforeförut · adverbclause modifying tonfallochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of villvillwantsvilja · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with saderäddato saverädda · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of villdittyourdu · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of livsurface ditt is the neuter possessive 'your', not the pronoun 'you'.
livlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of räddaGet up on my back, and I’ll carry you to a hiding place where you can be safe for tonight!
Sättget upsätt · verb, imperative, activeadverbial clause on föradigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Sättoppupopp · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on SättMistagged as a noun; opp is the colloquial spelling of upp, "up".
påontopå · prepositionpreposition marking ryggminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of ryggpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
ryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of Sättsåandså · adverbadverbial clause on föraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föraföracarryföra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of föratilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking gömställeettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of gömställegömställehiding placegömställe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of föradärtheredär · adverbmodifies säkerduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of säkerkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of säkervarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to säkersäkersafesäker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on gömställeförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of iitonighti · prepositionmodifies säkernattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iTomorrow I’ll arrange for you to get back to the wild geese.”
Itomorrowi · prepositionmodifies lagamorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase Iskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of lagajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lagalagato arrangelaga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesåforså · adverbmodifies lagaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommerduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of lagatillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on kommertilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking vildgässenvildgässenthe wild geesevildgässe · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommerattested only in the plural surface vildgässen; the collective noun for the wild-goose flock.
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The next morning, when the boy woke, he was lying on a bed.
Nästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies morgonmorgonmorningmorgon · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vaknadepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vaknadevaknadewoke upvakna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on morgonlåglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lågpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sängenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sängsängbedsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of låg When he saw that he was indoors with four walls around him and a roof over him, he thought he was home.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on tycktepast tense of se, 'to see.'
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of befannhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of befannbefannwasbefanna · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of sågReflexive 'befann sig' means 'was located/found himself'; lemma should be 'befinna'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of befanninomhusindoorsinomhus · adverbdirect object of befannmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking väggarfyrafourfyra · numeral, nominativequantifies väggarväggarwallsvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of befannomkringaroundomkring · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimsig · pronoun, accusativemodifies väggarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtakrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sigöveroveröver · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimsig · pronoun, accusativemodifies taktycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of varhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of tycktehemmaat homehemma · adverbmodifies var“I wonder if Mother will soon be bringing coffee,” he murmured, lying there half asleep.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceomifom · prepositionpreposition marking mormormothermor · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of undrarsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to undrarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kaffekaffecoffeekaffe · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommermumlademurmuredmumla · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to undrarhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of mumladedärtheredär · adverbmodifies låghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on mumladeiini · prepositionpreposition marking halvsömnenhalvsömnenhalf-sleephalvsömn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågBut then he remembered that he was in an abandoned cottage on Kråkåsen, and that Fumle-Drumle with the white feather had carried him there the evening before.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on komonly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of befannhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of befannbefannwasbefanna · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on komReflexive 'befann sig' means 'was located/found himself'; lemma should be 'befinna'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of befanniini · prepositionpreposition marking stugaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stugaövergivenabandonedövergiven · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stugastugacottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of befannpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking KråkåsenKråkåsenKråkåsenKråkåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies stugaPlace name, "Crow Ridge", home of the crow flock.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of buritFumle-DrumleFumle-DrumleFumle-Drumle · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of buritProper name of a clumsy crow character.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vitfjädernvitfjädernwhite feathervitfjäder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Fumle-Drumlehadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of buritburitcarriedburi · verb, active, supinecoordinated with befannhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of buritdittheredit · adverbmodifies buritkvälleneveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of buritförutbeforeförut · adverbmodifies kvällen- 73
The boy was sore all over from the journey he had made the day before, and he thought it was good to lie still while he waited for Fumle-Drumle, who had promised to come and fetch him.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ömvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ömömsoreöm · adjective, nominativehead of the phraseiini · prepositionpreposition marking kroppenhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies kroppenkroppenbodykropp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ömefterfromefter · prepositionpreposition marking färdendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of färdenfärdenjourneyfärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kroppensomthatsom · pronoundirect object of gjortThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gjorthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjortgjortdonegöra · verb, active, supinerelative clause on färdenförrapreviousförra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies dagendagendaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gjortochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ömattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sköntdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with sköntvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sköntsköntgoodskön · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of tyckteatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of liggainfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of liggaliggato lieligga · verb, active, infinitivedepends on sköntstillastillstilla · adverbmodifies liggamedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of väntadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väntadeväntadewaitedvänta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on ömpåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking Fumle-DrumleFumle-DrumleFumle-DrumleFumle-Drumle · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of väntadeProper name of a clumsy crow character.
somwhosom · pronounsubject of lovatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of lovatlovatpromisedlovat · verb, active, supinerelative clause on Fumle-Drumleattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on ömochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhämtato fetchhämta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of komma - 74
Curtains of checked cotton cloth hung before the bed, and he pushed them aside to look out into the cottage.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hängdehängdehunghänga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegardinercurtainsgardin · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of hängdeavofav · prepositionpreposition marking bomullstygrutigtcheckeredrutig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bomullstygbomullstygcotton clothbomullstyg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hängdeframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking sängensängenbedsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bomullstygochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skötskötpushedsköt · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hängdedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of skötåtasideåt · prepositionmodifies skötsidanasidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase åtförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on skötutoutut · adverbdepends on seiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of se He at once realized that he had never seen the like of such a building as this.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickrealizedfå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegenastat oncegenast · adverbmodifies fickklartclearklar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fickförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of fickattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of byggnadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of byggnadsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies byggnadsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
byggnadbuildingbyggnad · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on ficksomassom · pronoundirect object of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
dennathisdenna · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on byggnadhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of settaldrigneveraldrig · adverbmodifies settsettseense · verb, active, supinedepends on hademakethe likemake · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of settused in 'sett make/maken till' meaning nothing comparable had been seen.
tillliketill · prepositionpreposition marking settThe walls consisted of only a couple of rows of logs; then the roof began.
Väggarnathe wallsVäggarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive bestodobestodoconsistedbestodo · verb, present, indicative, passivedepends on stockaravofav · prepositionpreposition marking raderbarajustbara · adverbmodifies parettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies raderraderrowsrad · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralagent of bestodostockarlogsstocke · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesedanthensedan · adverbmodifies togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to stockartaketrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of togvidovervid · prepositionpreposition marking togThere was no inner ceiling, so he could see clear up to the ridge beam.
NågotanyNågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of innertakinnertakinner ceilinginnertak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsintenotinte · particlemodifies fannsutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with fannsändaclear upända · adverbmodifies uppuppupupp · adverbmodifies setilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking takåsentakåsenroof ridgetakås · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppThe whole cottage was so small that it seemed rather to be made for such as him than for real people, yet the hearth and chimney breast were so hugely built that he thought he had never seen bigger.
Helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of litenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to litensåsoså · adverbmodifies litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gjorddeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of passive gjordsnararerathersnarare · adverbmodifies gjordtycktesseemed totycktes · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gjordvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to gjordgjordmadegjord · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on litenförforför · prepositionpreposition marking sådanasådanasuchsån · pronoun, pluraloblique complement of gjordColloquial/old plural of sådan ('such').
somsuch assom · pronounintroduces the clause of hanThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularclause modifying sådanaänthanän · subordinating conjunctionmodifies hanförforför · prepositionpreposition marking människorriktigarealriktig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of hanmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationändåyetändå · adverbcoordinated with gjordvorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, singulardepends on spisenPast plural of vara (to be); mistagged as an adjective.
spisenhearthspis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with gjordochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspismurenthe chimney breastspismure · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with spisensåsoså · adverbmodifies tilltagnastorthugelystor · adverbmodifies tilltagnaAdverbial use of stor ('big'); e.g. 'inte stort' = 'not much'.
tilltagnaoversizedtilltagna · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on gjordattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tycktehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteintenotinte · particlemodifies tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gjordsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tycktehahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of settsettseense · verb, active, supinecomplement of tycktestörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativecomplement of tyckteThe entrance door was on one gable wall beside the hearth and was so narrow that it looked more like a hatch.
Ingångsdörrenthe entrance dooringångsdörren · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking gavelväggenenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies gavelväggengavelväggengable wallgavelvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsvidbesidevid · prepositionpreposition marking spisensidanbesidesida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase vidavofav · prepositionpart of the phrase vidspisenhearthspis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to smalsåsoså · adverbmodifies smalsmalnarrowsmal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with fannsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of liknadedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of liknadesnarastrathersnarast · adverbmodifies liknadeliknaderesembledliknad · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on smalMislabeled as an adjective; liknade is the past tense of the verb likna ("to resemble").
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of luckaluckahatchlucka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of liknadeOn the other gable wall he saw a low, broad window with many small panes.
Påonpå · prepositionpreposition marking gavelväggendenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gavelväggenandraothertvå · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gavelväggenSurface "andra" here means "other," not "two" — a lemma/tag mismatch in the source data.
gavelväggengable wallgavelvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of fönsterlågtlowlåg · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fönsterochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrettbroadbred · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with lågtfönsterwindowfönster · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of sågmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking rutormångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rutorsmåsmallliten · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies rutorrutorpanesrutor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies fönsterThere was hardly any movable furniture in the cottage.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
nästanalmostnästan · adverbmodifies fannsingano/noneingen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of möblerflyttbaramovableflyttbar · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies möblermöblerfurnituremöbel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fannsiini · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fannsThe bench along one long wall and the table under the window were built into the wall, and so was the big bed where he lay, and the painted wall cupboard.
Bänkenthe benchBänk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasevidalongvid · prepositionpreposition marking långsidanenaoneena · adjective, nominativemodifies långsidanlångsidanthe long walllångsida · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Bänkenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbordettablebord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with långsidanunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking fönstretfönstretwindowfönstr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies BänkenArchaic/dialectal spelling of fönster.
vorowerevoro · determiner, pluralmodifies sängenArchaic plural past tense of 'vara' (to be), modern 'var'.
väggfastabuilt into the wallväggfasta · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies sängenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlikasålikewiselikaså · adverbcoordinated with väggfastadenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sängenstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sängenweak/definite form (stora), used with a singular definite noun, e.g. den stora länstolen.
sängenbedsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Bänkendärtheredär · adverbmodifies låghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Bänkenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of väggskåpetbrokigacolorfulbrokig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies väggskåpetväggskåpetthe wall cupboardväggskåp · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with Bänken- 75
The boy could not help wondering who owned the cottage, and why it stood abandoned.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtaintenotinte · particlemodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of undrainfinitive marker before a verb.
undrato wonderundra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on blivemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singulardepends on ägdesomwhosom · pronounsubject of ägdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ägdeownedägde · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of undrastugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ägdeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvarförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies stoddenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with ägdeövergivenabandonedövergiven · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stod It certainly looked as though the people who had lived there had intended to come back.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
nogcertainlynog · adverbmodifies sågutlookut · adverbdepends on sågsomas thoughsom · pronoundirect object of kommaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omthoughom · prepositionpreposition marking folketfolketpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of kommasomwhosom · pronounsubject of bottThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of bottbottlivedbott · verb, active, supinerelative clause on folketdärtheredär · adverbmodifies kommahadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommaämnatintended toämna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sågtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on kommaThe coffee pot and the porridge kettle still stood in the hearth, and there was a little firewood in the fireplace nook.
Kaffepannanthe coffee potkaffepannan · proper noun, nominativesubject of stodoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrötgrytanthe porridge potgrötgryta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Kaffepannanstodostoodstodo · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekvarstill therekvar · adverbdepends on stodoiini · prepositionpreposition marking spisenspisenhearthspis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with låglåglaylåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodoliteta littleliten · adverbmodifies vedthis type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry.
vedfirewoodved · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lågiini · prepositionpreposition marking spisvrånspisvrånthe fireplace nookspisvrån · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågThe oven rake and the peel stood up in a corner, the spinning wheel stood moved up onto a bench, and on the shelf above the window lay tow and flax, a couple of hanks of yarn, a tallow candle, and a bundle of matches.
Ugnsrakanthe oven rakeugnsrakan · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgrisslanthe oven peelgrissla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of resterestestood upresa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Ugnsrakansigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of resteiini · prepositionpreposition marking hörnettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of hörnhörncornerhörn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of restespinnrockenthe spinning wheelspinnrock · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with Ugnsrakanstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceuppflyttadmoved upuppflyttaa · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of stodpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking bänkenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bänkbänkbenchbänk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking blånorhyllanthe shelfhyllan · adverbmodifies ovanovanaboveovan · adverbpart of the phrase påAlso occurs meaning 'unaccustomed' (ovan att flyga = unused to flying), a distinct sense from locative 'above'.
fönstretwindowfönstr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase påArchaic/dialectal spelling of fönster.
lågolaylågo · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies blånorArchaic plural past tense of ligga ("to lie"), not an adjective; the parser mistagged it.
blånortowblåna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of stodBlånor are the coarse fibers separated from flax during processing.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlinflaxlin · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with blånorettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies garnhärvorgarnhärvorhanks of yarngarnhärva · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with blånorettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of talgljustalgljustallow candletalgljus · noun, nominative, neuter, singularin apposition to garnhärvorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of buntbuntbundlebunt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies tändstickortändstickormatcheständsticka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with talgljus- 76
Yes, it certainly looked as though those who had owned the cottage had intended to come back.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on sågdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
visstcertainlyviss · adverbmodifies sågsurface visst here is the adverb 'certainly/surely', not the adjective viss 'certain'.
utlookut · adverbdepends on sågsomas thoughsom · pronounsubject of kommaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of kommasomwhosom · pronounsubject of ägtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of ägtägtownedäga · verb, active, supinerelative clause on destugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ägthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommaämnatintended toämna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sågtillbakabacktillbaka · adverbdepends on komma There were bedclothes on the bed, and on the wall there still hung long strips of cloth on which three men on horseback, named Caspar, Melchior, and Balthasar, were painted.
Detthereen · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of sängkläderthis type bundles three distinct functions of the neuter forms det/ett under one entry.
låglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sängklädermistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
sängkläderbedclothessängkläd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseioni · prepositionpreposition marking sängensängenbedsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sängkläderochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking väggenväggenwallvägg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of suttosuttosatsutto · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sängkläderOld plural past tense of sitta ('to sit'), mistagged here as a noun.
ännustillännu · adverbmodifies långalångalonglång · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies remsorremsorstripsremsa · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of suttoavofav · prepositionpreposition marking tygtygclothtyg · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies remsordärtheredär · adverbmodifies mäntrethreetre · numeral, nominativequantifies mänmänmenman · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralin apposition to tygtillon horsebacktill · prepositionmodifies mänhästhorsehäst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase tillsomwhosom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of hettehettewas namedhette · verb, past, indicative, activein apposition to mänKasperCasparKasper · proper noun, nominativedirect object of hetteMelkiorMelchiorMelkior · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Kasperochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationBaltasarBalthasarBaltasar · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Kaspervorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on utmåladearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
utmåladepaintedutmålad · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with hetteThe same horses and the same riders were pictured many times over.
Sammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of hästarhästarhorseshäst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of ryttareryttareriderryttare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with hästarvorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on hästararchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
avbildadedepictedavbilda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångermångfaldigamany times overmångfaldig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gångergångertimesgång · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with hästarThey rode all the way around the cottage and continued their journey even up onto the roof beams.
Detheyen · determiner, pluralhead of the phraseSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
redoroderedo · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying DeOne example uses redo as the archaic plural past tense of rida ("to ride"), a homograph of the adjective redo ("ready").
runtaroundrunt · adverbmodifies redoomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking stuganhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of redoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfortsattecontinuedfortsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with Desintheirsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of färdfärdjourneyfärd · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fortsattetilleventill · prepositionpreposition marking uppåtochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmedwithmed · prepositioncoordinated with tilluppåtupwarduppåt · adverbmodifies takbjälkarnatakbjälkarnathe roof beamstakbjälkarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies fortsatte- 77
But up in the ceiling the boy caught sight of something that brought him to his feet in a hurry.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking takettaketrooftak · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fickfickcaught sightfå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpossessor of synsynsightsyn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fickpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking någotnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of ficksomthatsom · pronounsubject of bragteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
bragtebroughtbragte · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on någothonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of bragtepåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking benenbenenlegsben · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bragteiini · prepositionpreposition marking fartenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fartfartspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of bragte It was a couple of dry bread cakes hanging there on a spit.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of brödkakorvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to brödkakorettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies brödkakortorradrytorr · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies brödkakorbrödkakorbread cakesbrödkaka · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of hängdeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hängdehunghänga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on brödkakordärtheredär · adverbmodifies hängdepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking spettettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of spettspettspitspett · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hängdeThey certainly looked moldy and old, but it was bread all the same.
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sågosågosawsågo · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencemistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw).
nogcertainlynog · adverbmodifies möglademöglademoldymögla · adjective, nominative, pluraldirect object of sågoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with mögladeutlookut · adverbmodifies sågomenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of brödvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to brödändåall the sameändå · adverbmodifies brödbrödbreadbröd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sågoHe gave them a blow with the oven peel, so that a piece fell to the floor.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gavgavgavege · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
demthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluralindirect object of gavettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slagslagblowslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gavmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ugnsgrisslanugnsgrisslanthe oven peelugnsgrissla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies slagsåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of föllattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gavtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking golvetgolvetfloorgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of föllHe ate, and stuffed his bag full.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of åtåtateåt · prepositionhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstoppadestuffedstoppa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with åtsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of påsepåsebagpåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stoppadefullfullfull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies åtIt was unbelievable how good bread was, after all.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with otroligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to otroligtotroligtunbelievableotrolig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of brödbrödbreadbröd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of gottvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gottgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies otroligtiafter alli · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of gott- 78
He looked around the cottage once more to try to discover whether there wasn’t something else he might find useful to take along.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sågomaroundom · prepositiondepends on sågiini · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gångenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångoncegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sågförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of försökaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of försökainfinitive marker before a verb.
försökato tryförsöka · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying gångupptäckato discoverupptäcka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fannsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsintenotinte · particlemodifies fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativeclausal complement of upptäckaexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
någotsomethingnågon · adverbexpletive with fannsmerelsemycket · adverbmodifies fannssomthatsom · pronounoblique complement of haThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fannsnyttausenytta · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of haavfromav · prepositionintroduces the clause of taatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hamedwithmed · prepositiondepends on tasighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of ta “I suppose I may take what I need, since no one else cares about it,” he thought.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåvälsupposeväl · adverbmodifies fåfåmayfå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of tatato taketa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of tasomwhatsom · pronoundirect object of behöverThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of behöverbehöverneedsbehöva · verb, present, indicative, activein apposition to tanärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bryringennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of annanannanotherannan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bryrbryrcaresbry · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on behöverAlmost always used reflexively, bry sig om, 'to care about'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bryromaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of bryrtänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkteBut most of what there was, was too big and heavy.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of mestamestamostmycken · adjective, nominative, superlativehead of the phraseSuperlative 'mesta' of the archaic quantifier 'mycken' (much).
somwhatsom · pronounsubject of fannsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
fannsthere wasfanns · verb, past, indicativerelative clause on mestavarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularmodifies fannsthe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
förtooför · prepositionmodifies stortstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies varochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtungtheavilytung · adverbcoordinated with stortThe only thing he could manage would be a few matches.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singularsubject of tändstickorendaonlyenda · adjective, nominativemodifies Detsomthatsom · pronoundirect object of orkaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of orkakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of orkaorkahave the strength toorka · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on endamedwithmed · prepositiondepends on orkaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tändstickorvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to tändstickornågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of tändstickorstyckenmatchesstyck · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase någratändstickormatcheständsticka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrase- 79
He climbed up onto the table and then swung himself, with the help of the curtain, up onto the windowsill.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of klättradeklättradeclimbedklättra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on klättradepåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking bordetbordettablebord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of klättradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsvängdeswungsvängde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with klättradesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of svängdesedanthensedan · adverbmodifies svängdemedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking gardinenhjälphelphjälp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase medavofav · prepositionpreposition marking gardinengardinenthe curtaingardin · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of svängdeuppupupp · adverbmodifies svängdepåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking fönsterhyllanfönsterhyllanthe windowsillfönsterhylla · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of svängde While he stood there stuffing the matches into his bag, the crow with the white feather came in through the window.
Medanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stodhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on komdärtheredär · adverbmodifies stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstoppadestuffingstoppa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodininin · adverbdepends on stoppadetändstickornathe matcheständstickorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of stoppadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking påsesinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of påsepåsebagpåse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stoppadekomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencekråkancrowkråka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking vitfjädernvitfjädernwhite feathervitfjäder · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komininin · adverbdepends on komgenomthroughgenom · prepositionpreposition marking fönstretfönstretwindowfönstr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of inArchaic/dialectal spelling of fönster.
- 80
“Here I am now!” said Fumle-Drumle, alighting on the table.
Selookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencehärherehär · adverbmodifies Seärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemodifies SejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ärnunownu · adverbmodifies ärsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceFumle-DrumleFumle-DrumleFumle-Drumle · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sadeProper name of a clumsy crow character.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslogalightedslå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeLight verb whose sense shifts with its particle (slog upp/ihop/omkull/sig ner).
nerdownner · adverbdepends on slogpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bordetbordettablebord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of slog “I couldn’t come sooner, because we crows today chose a new chief after Wind-Ile.”
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommaharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommaintenotinte · particlemodifies kommakunnatbeen able tokunna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies kommadärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of valtattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därförviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kråkorkråkorcrowskråka · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase därföritodayi · prepositionmodifies valtdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of valtvaltchosenvälja · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on kommaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hövdingnynewny · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies hövdinghövdingchiefhövding · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of valtefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking Vind-IleVind-IleWind-IleVind-Ile · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of valt—“Who did you choose, then?” said the boy.
Vemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of harharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of valtniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of valtsecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
dåthendå · adverbmodifies valtvaltchosenvälja · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade—“Well, we’ve chosen one who won’t allow robbery and injustice.
Jowell/yesjo · interjectiondepends on valtused to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt.
viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of valtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of valtvaltchosenvälja · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of valtsomwhosom · pronounsubject of tillåtaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies tillåtaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tillåtatillåtato allowtillåta · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on enröverirobberyröveri · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of tillåtaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationorättfärdighetinjusticeorättfärdighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with röveriWe’ve chosen Garm Whitefeather, who used to be called Fumle-Drumle,” he answered, drawing himself up so that he looked altogether majestic.
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of valtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of valtvaltchosenvala · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceGarmGarmGarm · adverbmodifies VitfjäderProper name (a crow), mistagged as adverb by the parser.
VitfjäderWhitefeatherVitfjäder · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesomwhosom · subordinating conjunctionsubject of passive kalladesförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies kalladeskalladeswas calledkallaa · verb, past, indicative, passiverelative clause on VitfjäderSurface kallades, passive past of kalla, 'to call/name'.
Fumle-DrumleFumle-DrumleFumle-Drumle · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of kalladesProper name of a clumsy crow character.
svaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Vitfjäderhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsträcktestretchedsträcka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with svaradepåuppå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of sträcktesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on svaradepast tense of se, 'to see.'
heltquitehelt · adverbmodifies majestätiskmajestätiskmajesticmajestätisk · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågutlookut · adverbmodifies såg—“That was a good choice,” said the boy, and congratulated him.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of valvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to valettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of valgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies valvalchoiceval · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to valpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlyckönskadecongratulatedlyckönska · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of lyckönskade—“Yes, you may well wish me luck,” said Garm, and began telling the boy about such days as he had once had with Wind-Ile and Kåra.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on önskaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of önskamåmaymå · verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of önskavälwellväl · adverbmodifies önskaönskato wishönska · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencemigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of önskalyckalucklycka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of önskasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to önskaGarmGarmGarm · proper noun, nominativesubject of sadeCrow's proper name.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sadeberättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies dagarsådanasuchsån · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies dagardagardaysdag · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of berättahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of haftförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies hafthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hafthafthadha · verb, active, supinerelative clause on dagarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking Vind-IleVind-IleWind-IleVind-Ile · noun, common genderoblique complement of haftochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationKåraKåraKåra · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Vind-Ile- 81
In the midst of this, the boy heard outside the window a voice he thought he recognized.
Mittunderin the midst ofMittunder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraladverbial clause on hördeFunctions as the preposition/adverb 'mittunder' (in the very midst of), not as a noun.
dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of Mittunderhördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördeutanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking fönstretfönstretwindowfönstr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hördeArchaic/dialectal spelling of fönster.
enoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singulardeterminer of röströstvoiceröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hördesomthatsom · pronoundirect object of tyckteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on röstsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of tycktekännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of tyckteigenagainigen · adverbdepends on känna “Is this where he is?” asked Smirre the fox.
Ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to härdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of härhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase »somwheresom · pronoundirect object of finnsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnsfinnsisfinnas · verb, present, indicativedepends on härfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies rävmistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågade—“Yes, in here he’s hidden,” answered a crow’s voice.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on svaradehärinnein herehärinne · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies gömdärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to gömdhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gömdgömdhiddengömd · pronoun, common gender, singularpart of the phrase JaMistagged as pronoun; it is the past participle of 'gömma' (to hide), used adjectivally.
svaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kråkröstkråkröstcrow's voicekråkröst · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svarade—“Look out, Thumbietot!” shouted Garm.
Tataketa · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of Tailook outi · prepositiondepends on Taaktheedakt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iUsed in the fixed phrase ge/ta akt på, 'to pay heed to / be careful of'.
TummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Tathe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to TaGarmGarmGarm · adverbmodifies ropadeProper name (a crow), mistagged as adverb by the parser.
“Wind-Kåra is standing out here with that fox who wants to eat you up.”
Vind-KåraWind-Kåravind-Kåra · nounsubject of stårstårstandsstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehärutanförout herehärutanför · adverbmodifies stårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking dendeniten · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of stårdärtheredär · adverbmodifies rävenrävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularrelative clause on densomwhosom · pronounsubject of ätaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
villwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ätaätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on rävenoppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on ätamistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
digyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ätaHe had no time to say more, for Smirre made a leap at the window.
Mermoremycket · adverbmodifies hannhannhad timehann · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of hinna, 'to have time to / manage to (before something else happens)'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hannintenotinte · particlemodifies sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of hannförforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of gjordeSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hannettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of språngsprångleapsprång · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of gjordemotatmot · prepositionpreposition marking fönstretfönstretwindowfönstr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies språngArchaic/dialectal spelling of fönster.
The old rotten window frames gave way, and in the next moment Smirre stood on the windowsill.
Detheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fönsterbågarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
gamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fönsterbågarnamurknarottenmurkna · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fönsterbågarnafönsterbågarnathe window framesfönsterbågarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gåvogåvogavegåvo · adjective, nominative, pluraladverbial clause on vikaMistagged as adjective; it is the archaic plural past tense of 'ge/giva' (to give).
vikagive wayvika · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of stodmistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
stodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceiini · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblicknästanextnästa · adjective, nominativemodifies ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stodpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking fönsterbordetfönsterbordetthe windowsillfönsterbord · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ögonblickGarm Whitefeather, who had no time to fly away, he bit to death on the spot.
GarmGarmGarm · proper noun, nominativemodifies VitfjäderCrow's proper name.
VitfjäderWhitefeatherVitfjäder · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencesomwhosom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies hadehadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Vitfjädertidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of flygainfinitive marker before a verb.
flygaflyflyga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on hadeundanawayundan · adverbmodifies flygabetbitbet · noun, nominative, neuter, singularparallel clause to VitfjäderPast tense of 'bita' (to bite), mislabeled as a noun.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Vitfjäderihjälto deathihjäl · verb, active, supinedepends on Vitfjädermedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammathe samedensamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of VitfjäderThen he jumped down onto the floor and looked around for the boy.
Därpåthen/after thatdärpå · adverbdirect object of hoppadehoppadejumpedhoppa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hoppadenerdownner · adverbmodifies hoppadepåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking golvetgolvetfloorgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hoppadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hoppadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sågomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking sågefterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of såg- 82
He tried to hide behind a big bundle of flax tow, but Smirre had already seen him and crouched to gather himself for a spring.
DenneheDenne · pronoun, masculine, singularsubject of försökteförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencegömmato hidegömma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försöktesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of gömmabakombehindbakom · prepositionpreposition marking blånvindelenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of blånvindelstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies blånvindelblånvindelflax-tow bundleblånvindel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gömmamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSmirreSmirresmirre · proper noun, genitivesubject of settproper name, kept unglossed/unchanged.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of settredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies settsettseense · verb, active, supinecoordinated with gömmahonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of settochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkröpcreptkröp · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with gömmaPast tense of krypa despite the 'present' tag.
ihoptogetherihop · adverbdepends on kröpförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of taatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of tainfinitive marker before a verb.
tato taketa · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kröpsatsgather himselfsats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tatillfortill · prepositionpreposition marking språngsprångleapsprång · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of ta And the cottage was so small and low that the boy understood the fox could reach him without the least difficulty.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåsoså · adverbmodifies litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlåglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with litenmistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to litenstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of litenattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förstodpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on litenattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nåräventhe foxräven · adverbsubject of nåMistagged as an adverb; it is the definite noun 'räven', 'the fox'.
kundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of nånåto reachnå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of förstodhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of nåutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
minstaleastliten · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies svårighetsvårighetdifficultysvårighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of nåBut at this moment the boy was not without a weapon of defense.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking ögonblickdettathisdenna · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ögonblickögonblickmomentögonblick · noun, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasevarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to ögonblickpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of inteintenotinte · particlemodifies varutanwithoututan · prepositionpreposition marking försvarsvapenförsvarsvapendefensive weaponförsvarsvapen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of varQuickly he struck a match to flame, held it to the flax tow, and when it burst into fire, threw it down onto Smirre the fox.
HastigtquicklyHastigt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies repaderepadestruck a matchrepa · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of repadeeldfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of repadepåwithpå · prepositionpreposition marking tändstickaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tändstickatändstickamatchsticktändsticka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of repadefördeheldförde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with repadedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of fördeintillnext tointill · prepositionmodifies blånornablånornathe flax towblånorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of fördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of flammadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of flammadeflammadeblazedflamma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with repadeuppupupp · adverbdepends on flammadekastadethrewkasta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with repadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of kastadenerdownner · adverbmodifies kastadepåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking rävSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativemodifies rävmistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kastadeWhen the fire caught the fox, he was seized with a mad terror.
DåwhenDå · adverbmodifies komeldenfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceövercaughtöver · prepositiondepends on komrävenfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase övergrepswas seizedgreps · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularparallel clause to komdennehedenna · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive grepsavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking förskräckelseenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of förskräckelsevansinnigmadvansinnig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies förskräckelseförskräckelseterrorförskräckelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies denneHe thought no more of the boy, but fled the cottage in blind panic.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänktetänktethoughttänka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies tänktemermoremycket · adverbmodifies tänktepåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking pojkenpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tänkteutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
flyddefledfly · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with tänktebesinningslöstin blind panicbesinningslöst · adverbmodifies flyddeurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking stuganstugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flydde- 83
But it looked as if the boy had escaped one danger only by throwing himself into an even greater one.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
utlookut · adverbdepends on sågsomas ifsom · pronounsubject of undgåttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
omifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of undgåttpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undgåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of undgåttundgåttescapedundgå · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on sågenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of farafaradangerfara · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of undgåttsome listed surfaces (fara, far) are actually forms of the unrelated verb fara 'to travel/go'; gloss the noun sense danger for the noun-tagged type.
genomthroughgenom · prepositionintroduces the clause of kastaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kastainfinitive marker before a verb.
kastato throwkasta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on undgåttsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kastaiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking störreenaen · determiner, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iännuevenännu · adverbmodifies störrestörrebiggerstor · adjective, nominative, comparativeoblique complement of kasta From the flax tuft he had thrown at Smirre, the fire had had time to spread to the bed curtain.
Frånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking blåntottenblåntottenthe flax tuftblåntott · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of spridasomthatsom · pronoundirect object of kastatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kastathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kastatkastatthrownkasta · verb, active, supinerelative clause on blåntottenmotatmot · prepositionpreposition marking SmirreSmirreSmirreSmirre · noun, common genderoblique complement of kastathadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of spridaeldenfireelde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of spridahunnithad timehinna · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of spridaspridaspreadsprida · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of spridatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking sängomhängetsängomhängetthe bed curtainsängomhäng · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of spridaHe jumped down and tried to smother it, but it was already blazing too fiercely.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sprangsprangransprangma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceLemma is corrupted; surfaces are only "sprang" (past of springa, to run). Lemma should read springa, not sprangma.
nerdownner · adverbdepends on sprangochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sprangkvävasmotherkväva · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försöktedenitden · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of kvävamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of blossadeblossadeblazedblossa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sprangredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies blossadealltförtooalltför · adverbmodifies häftigthäftigtviolenthäftig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies blossadeThe cottage quickly filled with smoke, and Smirre the fox, who had stayed outside the window, began to understand how things stood in there.
Stugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive fylldesfylldeswas filledfyll · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencehastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies fylldesmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking rökröksmokerök · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fylldesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationSmirreSmirreSmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativepossessor of rävmistagged as a comparative adjective; this is the proper name of the fox character.
rävfoxräv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with röksomwhosom · pronounsubject of stannatThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of stannatstannatstayedstanna · verb, active, supinerelative clause on rävutanföroutsideutanför · prepositionpreposition marking fönstretfönstretwindowfönstr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stannatArchaic/dialectal spelling of fönster.
börjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fylldesförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjadehurhowhur · adverbmodifies stoddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on börjadetillweretill · prepositionintroduces the clause of därinnedärinnein theredärinne · adverbmodifies stod“Well, Thumbietot,” he called, “which do you choose now, to let yourself be roasted, or to come out to me?
Nåwellnå · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseInterjection 'well/now then', mistagged as a noun.
TummetottThumbietotTummetott · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Nåthe boy's nickname after being shrunk; kept as the studio translation's rendering.
ropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Nåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ropadevilketwhichvilken · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of väljerväljerchoosevälja · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to ropadeduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väljernunownu · adverbmodifies väljeratttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of låtainfinitive marker before a verb.
låtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on väljerstekaroaststeka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtadigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of stekaelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of kommainfinitive marker before a verb.
kommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with väljerutoutut · adverbdepends on kommatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommaI’d certainly like best to eat you, but however death overtakes you, it’s welcome to me.”
Nogcertainlynog · adverbmodifies tyckaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of tyckajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckatyckato thinktycka · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencebästbestbra · adverbmodifies tyckaomlikeom · prepositionintroduces the clause of ätaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ätainfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of ätaätaeatäta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tyckadigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of ätamenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking sättvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularpart of the phrase påsättwaysätt · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of drabbaränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of drabbardödendeathdöde · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of drabbarSurface 'döden' is the definite form.
drabbarovertakesdrabba · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with tyckadigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of drabbarärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to kärtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with migmigmemig · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularsubject of kärtkärtwelcomekärt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularparallel clause to tycka- 84
The boy could not help thinking the fox would be proved right, for the fire spread with frightful speed.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trokundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of trointenotinte · particlemodifies trotrobelievetro · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceannatanything elseannan · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of troänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåräventhe foxräven · adverbmodifies fåMistagged as an adverb; it is the definite noun 'räven', 'the fox'.
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåbe proved rightfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on trorättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of fåförforför · prepositionpreposition marking eldeneldenfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with trotillspreadtill · prepositiondepends on togförfärandeterrifyingförfärande · adjective, nominativepart of the phrase tillhastigtquicklyhastig · adverbmodifies tog The whole bed was already burning, smoke rose up from the floor, and along the painted cloth strips the fire crept from rider to rider.
Helawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sängensängenbedsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brannbrannwas burningbrann · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies brannurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking golvetgolvetfloorgolv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of brannstegrosestiga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with brannuppupupp · adverbdepends on stegröksmokerök · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of stegochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationutmedalongutmed · prepositionpreposition marking tyglisternadetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of tyglisternaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
måladepaintedmåla · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tyglisternatyglisternathe cloth stripstyglisterna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kröpkröpcreptkröp · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with branneldenfireeld · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kröpfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking ryttareryttareriderryttare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kröptilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking ryttareryttareriderryttare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kröpThe boy had jumped up into the hearth and was trying to open the door of the baking oven when he heard a key being put into the lock and slowly turned.
Pojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hoppathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hoppathoppatjumpedhoppa · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on hoppatiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking spisenspisenhearthspis · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hoppatochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförsöktetriedförsöka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with hoppatatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of öppnainfinitive marker before a verb.
öppnato openöppna · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of försökteluckanhatchlucka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of öppnatilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking bakugnenbakugnenthe baking ovenbakugn · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of öppnanärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hördehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördehördeheardhöra · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hoppatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of stacksenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nyckelnyckelkeynyckel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stacksstackswas putstacka · verb, present, indicative, passiveadverbial clause on hoppatiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking låsetlåsetlocklås · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stacksochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsaktaslowlysakt · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with stacksvredswas turnedvreda · verb, present, indicative, passiveoblique complement of hoppatomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies vredsIt must be people coming, and in such distress as he now found himself, he was not afraid, only glad.
Detaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of måttemåttemustmåtte · adverbmodifies människorModal verb (cognate of måste), mistagged as adverb. Bare måtte means "must"; the perfect sense ("must have") comes only from an adjacent ha + supine, as in the måtte komma sig example, which translates as plain "must."
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to människormänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of kommoThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kommocamekommo · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on människorkommo is the archaic plural past tense of komma 'to come', not an infinitive despite the tag.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking nödsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies nödsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
nöddistressnöd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with människorsomassom · pronoundepends on befannThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of befannnunownu · adverbmodifies befannbefannfound himselfbefanna · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on nödReflexive 'befann sig' means 'was located/found himself'; lemma should be 'befinna'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of befannblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to människorhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevintenotinte · particlemodifies räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
barajustbara · adverbmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with blevHe was already standing on the threshold when the door finally opened.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies stodpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking tröskelntröskelnthresholdtröskel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gickdörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickäntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on stoduppupupp · adverbdepends on gickHe saw a couple of children in front of him, but what expression they wore when they saw the cottage in full blaze, he took no time to notice, but rushed past them out into the open.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies barnbarnchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of sågframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of sågmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of höllominmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpart of the phrase vadpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of höllohölloworehöllo · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågodetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sågosågosawsågo · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on höllomistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw).
stugancottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågoiini · prepositionpreposition marking lågafullfullfull · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies lågalågalowlåg · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies sågodetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gavgavtookge · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to sågLight-verb idioms in the examples: "gav ... till ett klagoskrik" = let out a cry; "gav sig tid" = took the time — not literal "gave" in either case.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gavsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeindirect object of gavintenotinte · particlemodifies gavtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gavatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying tidefternoticeefter · prepositiondepends on seutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
rusaderushedrusa · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with seTagged as an adjective but is the past tense of the verb 'rusa', 'rushed'.
förbipastförbi · adverbdepends on rusadedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of rusadeutoutut · adverbmodifies rusadeiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking friadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of friafriafreefri · adjective, nominative, singularoblique complement of rusade- 85
He dared not run far.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive tordestordesdaredtor · verb, past, indicative, passivesubject of springatordes is the archaic past tense of töras/tordas ("to dare").
intenotinte · particlemodifies springaspringato runspringa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceOne cited example uses the homograph springa "slit/crack" (a different noun); this type is the infinitive verb "to run".
långtfarlångt · adverbmodifies springa He knew well enough that Smirre the fox lay in wait for him, and he understood he must stay near the children.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenogwell enoughnog · adverbmodifies vissteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of luradeSmirreSmirresmirre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of luradeName of Smirre the fox; the parser lowercased and mistagged it as a comparative adjective.
rävthe foxräv · adverbpart of the phrase Smirreluradelay in waitlura · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of visstepåforpå · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of luradeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstodförstodunderstoodförstod · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vissteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hållahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållamåstemustmåste · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållahållato stay nearhålla · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of förstodsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of hållaineari · prepositionpreposition marking närhetbarnenschildren'sbarn · noun, genitive, neuter, pluralpossessor of närhetnärhetvicinitynärhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hållaHe turned around to see what sort of folk they were, but he had not looked at them a second before he hurried toward them, calling: “Why, good day, Åsa the goose girl!
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändeomaroundom · prepositiondepends on vändeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of seinfinitive marker before a verb.
seseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vändevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularindirect object of sedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of vorovorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralpart of the phrase vadarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
försort offör · prepositionpreposition marking folkslagssortslag · noun, genitive, neuter, pluralpossessor of folkfolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of semenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of betraktathadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of betraktatintenotinte · particlemodifies betraktatbetraktatlooked atbetrakta · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of betraktatenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sekundsekundsecondsekund · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of betraktatförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies iladeused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of iladeiladehurriedila · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on betraktatemottowardemot · prepositiondepends on iladedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of iladeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with iladeSelookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencegoddaggood daygoddag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of SeÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with goddaggåsapigagoose girlgåsapig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with goddagMistagged as an adjective; gåsapiga is the noun "goose girl" (a herding role), always paired with a name (Åsa gåsapiga).
Good day, little Mats!”
Selookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencegoddaggood daygoddag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of Selillelittlelille · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularcoordinated with goddagMatsMatsMats · proper noun, nominativedepends on lille- 86
For when the boy saw those children, he completely forgot where he was.
Förforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sågnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on glömdedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of sågdärtheredär · adverbmodifies sågbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of sågglömdeforgotglömde · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on befannhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of glömdealldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activedepends on befannhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of befannbefannwasbefann · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencereflexive befinna sig = 'to be located'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of befann Crows and burning cottage and talking animals vanished from his memory.
KråkorcrowsKråkor · proper noun, nominativesubject of försvunnoochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbrinnandeburningbrinnande · adjective, nominativemodifies stugastugacottagestuga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Kråkorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtalandetalkingtala · adjective, nominativecoordinated with stugadjuranimalsdjur · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with Kråkorförsvunnovanishedförsvunno · adverbhead of the phraseHistorical plural preterite of försvinna; modern Swedish uses försvann.
urout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking minnehanshishan · pronounpossessor of minneminnememoryminne · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of försvunnoHe was walking on a stubble field in Västra Vemmenhög, watching over a flock of geese, and in the field next door those Småland children were walking with their geese.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gickgickwentgå · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking stubbåkerenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stubbåkerstubbåkerstubble fieldstubbåker · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gickiini · prepositionpreposition marking VemmenhögVästrawesternVästra · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies Vemmenhögused only as part of the place name Västra Vemmenhög.
VemmenhögVemmenhögVemmenhög · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of gickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvaktadewatched overvakta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gickenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåsflockgåsflockflock of geesegåsflock · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of vaktadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking fältetfältetfieldfält · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gingobredvidnearbybredvid · adverbpreposition marking gingogingowentgingo · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with gickOld plural past tense of 'gå' (to go/walk); mistagged as an infinitive.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of gingodärtheredär · adverbmodifies deSmålandsbarnenthe Småland childrensmålandsbarn · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gingomedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking gässsinatheirsig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of gässgässgeesegäss · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Smålandsbarnengäss is the plural of gås ('goose'), despite the singular tag.
And as soon as he caught sight of them, he jumped up onto the stone wall and called: “Why, good day, Åsa the goose girl!
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåasså · adverbmodifies sesnartsoonsnart · adverbpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sefickcaught sight offå · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of sesprangsprangspranga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to sehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of spranguppupupp · adverbdepends on sprangpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking stengärdsgårdenstengärdsgårdenstone wallstengärdsgård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sprangochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationropadecalled outropa · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with seSelookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencegoddaggood daygoddag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of SeÅsaÅsaÅsa · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with goddaggåsapigagoose girlgåsapig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with goddagMistagged as an adjective; gåsapiga is the noun "goose girl" (a herding role), always paired with a name (Åsa gåsapiga).
Good day, little Mats!”
Selookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencegoddaggood daygoddag · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of Selillelittlelille · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularcoordinated with goddagMatsMatsMats · proper noun, nominativedepends on lille- 87
But when the two children saw such a tiny mite coming toward them with outstretched hand, they clutched at each other, took a couple of steps backward, and looked deathly frightened.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågodetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of barnenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
bådabothbåda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies barnenbarnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of sågosågosawsågoa · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kommaLemma/tag are corrupted; sågo is the plural past tense of se ("saw"), not a noun or present tense.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of parvelsåsuchså · adverbmodifies litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies parvelparvellittle fellowparvel · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågokommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fattadeemottowardemot · adverbdepends on kommademthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of kommamedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of utsträcktutsträcktoutstretchedutsträcka · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on kommahandhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase utsträcktfattadeclutchedfatta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetheyen · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of fattadesurfaces are actually the plural pronoun de, not a form of en.
iati · prepositionpreposition marking varandravarandraeach othervarandra · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of fattadetogotooktogo · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fattadeOld plural past tense of taga/ta ('to take').
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies stegstegstepsstiga · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of togo'Steg' = steps/paces, despite the lemma 'stiga' (to climb/rise).
baklängesbackwardbaklänge · verb, present, indicative, passivedirect object of fattadeAdverb 'baklänges' (backward), mistagged as a passive verb.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågosawsågo · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with fattademistagged as present tense; this is the archaic plural past tense of se 'to see' (they saw).
dödligtdeathlydödlig · adverbmodifies förskräcktaförskräcktafrightenedförskräckt · adjective, nominative, pluralcomplement of sågoutlookut · adverbdepends on sågo - 88
When the boy saw their fright, he woke up and remembered who he was.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sågpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vaknadepast tense of se, 'to see.'
derastheirde · pronounpossessor of skräckpossessive form deras of the plural pronoun de.
skräckterrorskräck · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sågvaknadewoke upvakna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vaknadeuppupupp · adverbdepends on vaknadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vaknadeihågto mind (remember)ihåg · adverbdepends on komonly occurs in the fixed phrase komma ihåg 'to remember'.
vemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of varhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on vaknade And then he thought that nothing worse could happen to him than that just those children should see that he had been bewitched.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies tycktetycktethoughttycka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of händaingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies värrevärreworsevärre · adjective, nominative, comparativesubject of händakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of händahändato happenhända · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of tycktehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of händaänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sejustjustjust · adverbmodifies dedethoseen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of barnenSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
barnenchildrenbarn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of seskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of sefåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on tyckteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förtrolladhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förtrolladhadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förtrolladblivitbecomebli · auxiliary verb, active, supinepassive auxiliary of förtrolladförtrolladbewitchedförtrolla · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of seShame and sorrow at no longer being human overwhelmed him.
Skamshameskam · noun, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsorgsorrowsorg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Skamöveratöver · prepositionintroduces the clause of överväldigadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of överväldigadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of överväldigadeintenotinte · particlemodifies människamerlongermycket · adverbmodifies människavarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activedeterminer of människamänniskahuman beingmänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of överväldigadeöverväldigadeoverwhelmedöverväldiga · adjective, nominative, singularadverbial clause on Skamhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of överväldigadeHe turned around and fled.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of vändeomaroundom · prepositionpreposition marking vändeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflyddefledflydde · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vändeHe himself did not know where.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies visstesjälvhimselfsjälv · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on visstevartwherevar · pronoun, neuter, singularmodifies vissteSurface 'vart' covers both the adverb 'vart' (whither/to where, ch11/ch16) and the neuter form of determiner 'var' (each, agreeing with neuter 'ett' in 'vart och ett' = each one, ch34/ch43); the latter sense was missing.
- 89
But the boy had a happy encounter when he came down onto the heath.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of mötegottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies mötemötegatheringmöte · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of gjordegjordedidgöra · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gjordenärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of komkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on gjordenerdownner · adverbdepends on kompåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking hedenhedenthe heathheden · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kom For there in the heather he glimpsed something white, and coming toward him was the white gander in company with Dunfin.
Förforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of skymtadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies skymtadeiini · prepositionpreposition marking ljungenljungenheatherljung · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of skymtadeskymtadecame into viewskymta · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on komhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of skymtadenågotsomethingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of vittvittwhitevi · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of skymtadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationframforwardfram · adverbmodifies emotemottowardemot · prepositioncoordinated with skymtadehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of skymtadekomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåskarlenvitawhitevit · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies gåskarlengåskarlengandergåskarl · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of kommorphology tag says plural but the surfaces are the singular definite/indefinite forms of gåskarl.
iini · prepositiondepends on komsällskapcompanysällskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase imedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking DunfinDunfinDunfinDunfin · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of komWhen the white one saw the boy come running at such speed, he thought that terrible enemies were pursuing him.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vitedenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vitevitewhite onevite · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularadverbial clause on sågsågsawse · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågkommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sågspringanderunningspringande · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommaPresent participle of springa (to run), mistagged as a noun.
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking fartsådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fartsån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
fartspeedfart · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kommatroddebelievedtro · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to såghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of troddeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förföljdesvåradifficultsvår · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fienderfienderenemiesfiende · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of förföljdeförföljdepursuedförföljde · verb, active, supineclausal complement of troddeMorphology tag says supine but the form is past tense; gloss reflects the finite past-tense sense.
honomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of förföljdeHe flung him hastily up onto his back and set off with him.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of slängdeslängdeflungslängde · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of slängdeihastilyi · prepositionpreposition marking hastallallall · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of hasthasthurryhast · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of slängde'i en hast' = 'on the spot/in a hurry'.
uppupupp · adverbmodifies hastpåontopå · prepositionpreposition marking ryggsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of ryggryggbackrygg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of uppochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationforwentfor · adverbmodifies åstadMistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fara', meaning 'went/traveled'.
åstadoffåstad · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativecoordinated with slängdeFixed adverbial particle used with verbs of motion (satte åstad, gav sig åstad = 'set off').
medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking honomhonomhimhan · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of åstad
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
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